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English_Kalamang · 425 rows

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train · 375 rows

original stringlengths 10 62	translation stringlengths 7 101	data_source stringclasses 1 value	prompt listlengths 1 1	ability stringclasses 1 value	reward_model dict	extra_info dict
Sakina sarimara lawat.	Sakina is pouching guavas.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Sakina is pouching guavas.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Sakina\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: vagina\nKalamang translation: kar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Sakina\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: casuarina (tree)\nKalamang translation: rur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"pouching\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thin and flat thing\nKalamang translation: tak; taun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"pouching\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pouch\nKalamang translation: lawalawat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"guavas\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Mas\nKalamang translation: Sewa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"guavas\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: guava\nKalamang translation: sarim\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Sakina\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sakina's mother can steer a motor boat.\nKalamang translation: Sakina emun jongsongat bisa kinkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Sakina\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dalima goes up to buy noodles but Sakina and family are still eating.\nKalamang translation: Dalima sara mijie ba Sakina mu tok muap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"pouching\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: An ibis is watching fish standing on a stone.\nKalamang translation: Kurua kona yarkeitko mambara sorara jaga.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"pouching\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother and family go searching for worms.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun mu bo ibanruo reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"guavas\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: She has a long name.\nKalamang translation: Ma me inun kahen.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"guavas\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nAt least the basic pronouns, the -tain* series of restricting pronouns\nand possessive pronouns can be marked with the following clitics in\ndifferent syntactic and pragmatic roles: object =at\n(§<a href=\"#sec:at\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:at\">[sec:at]</a>), causative di= (in\ngive-constructions, §<a href=\"#sec:give\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:give\">[sec:give]</a>), comitative =bon\n(§<a href=\"#sec:comi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:comi\">[sec:comi]</a>) and similative =kap\n(§<a href=\"#sec:simcase\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:simcase\">[sec:simcase]</a>). Lative =ka and\nlocative =ko cannot be suffixed to pronouns, having dedicated animate\nforms instead that can be used with pronouns referring to animates:\n=kongga and =konggo, respectively\n(§<a href=\"#sec:animloclat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:animloclat\">[sec:animloclat]</a>). Benefactive\nmarker =ki is the only case enclitic that cannot be attached to\npronouns (see §<a href=\"#sec:give\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:give\">[sec:give]</a>). An instance of instrumental\n=ki was elicited,\nsee(<a href=\"#exe:anggonggi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anggonggi\">[exe:anggonggi]</a>). The comitative and\nsimilative postpositions are illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:proncom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:proncom\">[exe:proncom]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:pronkap\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pronkap\">[exe:pronkap]</a>), respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan anggon=ki kawotman ma main=ki kawotman\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=ins</span> cut\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=ins</span> cut\n‘I cut with mine, he cuts with his.’ <span id=\"exe:anggonggi\"\nlabel=\"exe:anggonggi\"></span> mu se yal marain=bon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\npaddle <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.alone=com</span>\n‘They paddled with him alone.’ <span id=\"exe:proncom\"\nlabel=\"exe:proncom\"></span> me sama=i nain an=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\nsame=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> like\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=sim</span>\n‘That’s the same as me.’ <span id=\"exe:pronkap\"\nlabel=\"exe:pronkap\"></span> \n</div> \nAll pronouns in Table<a href=\"#tab:pronouns\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:pronouns\">[tab:pronouns]</a> must carry object\nmarker =at when they function as the (direct or indirect) object of a\nclause. (<a href=\"#exe:bandrol\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bandrol\">[exe:bandrol]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:naluar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naluar\">[exe:naluar]</a>) illustrate different kinds\nof pronouns in object function. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan bo bandrol-un=at jie mu=at naunak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go\ntobacco_pouch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> get\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=obj</span> show\n‘I went to get the tobacco’s pouch \\[to\\] show them.’\n<span id=\"exe:bandrol\" label=\"exe:bandrol\"></span> an anggon=at\nnaluar=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=obj</span>\nslacken=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘I’m slackening mine.’ <span id=\"exe:naluar\" label=\"exe:naluar\"></span> \n</div> \nOther nominal morphology that is also carried by pronouns is =nan\n‘too’, illustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:pronnan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pronnan\">[exe:pronnan]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=nan koyan amdir-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>=too plant\ngarden-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘He also plants in the garden.’ <span id=\"exe:pronnan\"\nlabel=\"exe:pronnan\"></span> \n</div> \nThe enclitic =saet ‘only, exclusively’, found also on nouns, was not\nfound on pronouns in the natural spoken corpus, probably because the\nrestricting pronouns take over that function.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:recp\" label=\"sec:recp\"></span> In a reciprocal clause, two\n(groups of) participants have a symmetrical relation to each other. That\nis, what counts for the one group or individual counts for the other\ngroup or individual, as in ‘they push each other’ . In Kalamang,\nreciprocal constructions are made with a verbal proclitic nau=. In\nthese constructions, the valency of the verb is typically reduced by one\nsuch that there is only a subject argument. The reciprocal proclitic is\nalso, but less commonly, used in distributive constructions, as\ndescribed at the end of this section. \nThe following examples illustrate simultaneous reciprocal actions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:nautabarak\" label=\"exe:nautabarak\"></span> mier\nnau=tabarak to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=crash right\n‘They crash into each other, right?’ in se tan nau=kinkin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> hand\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hold\n‘We already shake hands.’ <span id=\"exe:naukinkin\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukinkin\"></span> \n</div> \nIn the Reciprocal constructions and situation type field stimulus kit\n, which consists of short video clips that speakers are asked to\ndescribe, nau= was applied to events of hugging, chasing, hitting and\nexchanging where more than two people were acting upon each other in a\nunidirectional chain, pairwise, radially or mixed. The reciprocal\nproclitic is also used for asymmetrical actions, i.e. actions that one\ngroup or individual do(es) to another, but not vice versa (for example\none person shaking others’ hands, one person giving things to several\nothers, a person chasing another who is being chased by a third). It can\nalso be used for sequentially reciprocal events (like people hitting\neach other in turn).\n(<a href=\"#exe:naukosalir\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukosalir\">[exe:naukosalir]</a>) is the description\nof a clip (no. 21) of four people sitting at a table, giving each other\ndifferent items of food and drink. Each person gives and receives, but\nnot necessarily to and from the same person. The verb kosalir ‘to\nexchange’ retains its valency, but changes in meaning. In non-reciprocal\nconstructions, its object is replaced with another version of itself\n(another set of clothes, a part of the house when renovating, fresh food\non the table). In reciprocal constructions, the object changes owner but\nis not replaced. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu muap=at nau=kosalir\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=exchange\n‘They exchange food with each other.’ <span id=\"exe:naukosalir\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukosalir\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:naukoup\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukoup\">[exe:naukoup]</a>) describes a clip (no.\n16) where three people hug a fourth person sequentially. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu nau=koup\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hug\n‘They hug each other.’ <span id=\"exe:naukoup\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukoup\"></span> \n</div> \nSome verbs, when used in reciprocal constructions, take a more abstract\nmeaning. The verbs tu ‘to hit’ and sair ‘to shoot (with a gun)’ are\nused for expressing fighting or even war.\n(<a href=\"#exe:nausair\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nausair\">[exe:nausair]</a>) is about the Second\nWorld War, and(<a href=\"#exe:nautu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nautu\">[exe:nautu]</a>) describes picture 4 from the\nFamily problems picture task with angry-looking people drinking beer.\nOne person is touching another on the shoulder and another is raising\nhis fist but they are not actually hitting each other. While nausair\nis only attested in war contexts, nautu can also simply mean ‘hit each\nother’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwiseme Jepang=bon Amerika=bon nau=sair=ten\nlong_time_ago Japan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nAmerica=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=shoot=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n‘A long time ago, Japan and America were at war.’ <span id=\"exe:nausair\"\nlabel=\"exe:nausair\"></span> mu bir namabuk=teba nau=tu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> beer\ndrunk=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hit\n‘They’re drunk on beer, fighting.’ <span id=\"exe:nautu\"\nlabel=\"exe:nautu\"></span> \n</div> \nOther verbs that get a more abstract meaning when used reciprocally are\ntan nau=kinkin ‘hand <span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hold’, which\nmeans ‘to shake hands’, and nau=bes ‘to make up’, from bes ‘to be\ngood’. The latter is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:naubes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naubes\">[exe:naubes]</a>), which describes people\nmaking up after a fight. The intransitive verb bes is transitivised\nwith help of paruo ‘to make’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:caus\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:caus\">[sec:caus]</a>), and then reduced in valency\nagain with help of reciprocal nau=. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu paruo nau=bes\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> make\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=good\n‘They are making up.’ <span id=\"exe:naubes\" label=\"exe:naubes\"></span> \n</div> \nA verb that gets a more specific reading with nau= is komahal ‘to\nnot know’, which means ‘to not have encountered’ when inflected with the\nreciprocal. This is also valid where one of the parts is inanimate, such\nas the forest to which the speaker describes fleeing\nin(<a href=\"#exe:naukomahal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukomahal\">[exe:naukomahal]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka tamandi=a kiem=et, ka tamangga=ta, in se nau=komahal=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nflee=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=not_know=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘How could you flee, where? We had never encountered \\[that part of the\nforest\\] before.’ <span id=\"exe:naukomahal\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukomahal\"></span> \n</div> \nAt least one verb, munmun ‘to delouse’ (derived from mun ‘louse’)\ncannot be used with the reciprocal marker, regardless of whether the\naction is symmetrical or asymmetrical, simultaneous or sequential. \nReciprocal nau= is found on two nouns in the corpus. It is unclear\nwhether this is a productive process, but attaching reciprocal nau=\nappears to change these nouns into verbs with a meaning related to the\nnoun. The root kia- ‘same-sex sibling’ turns into nau=kia(ka) ‘to\nbe/have siblings’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:naukia\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukia\">[exe:naukia]</a>), and the root kahaman\n‘bottom’ turns into nau=kahaman ‘to be close to or touch each other’s\nbottoms’ (example<a href=\"#exe:naukahaman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukahaman\">[exe:naukahaman]</a>). (The example is\nfrom a picture-matching task with pictures of two building blocks.) \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma koi nau=kiaka mambon=ta (...)\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=be_sibling\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘He, then, has siblings \\[who\\] are there (...).’ <span id=\"exe:naukia\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukia\"></span> <span id=\"exe:naukahaman\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukahaman\"></span> \n</div> \nNau= is in a few cases used in a distributive sense.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:naunggang\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naunggang\">[exe:naunggang]</a>), it is prefixed to\ngang ‘to hang’ to talk about items hanging in a tree. It is\ndistributive in the sense that the items hang in different places.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:us\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:us\">[exe:us]</a>), it is used to describe a naked\nman. That example is distributive in the sense that the man’s penis is\nseen in movement, dangling from the body. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nse nau=gang\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hang\n‘\\[They\\] hung everywhere.’ <span id=\"exe:naunggang\"\nlabel=\"exe:naunggang\"></span> ma handuk=at jien=i koyet paruak=i kor\nkerunggo us nau=gang\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntowel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nthrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> leg on_top penis\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hang\n‘After getting a towel he threw it over his legs. His penis was\ndangling.’ <span id=\"exe:us\" label=\"exe:us\"></span> \n</div> \nOne corpus example suggests that reciprocal constructions may also be\nused to express the omnipresence or perhaps the duration of a feeling,\nsimilar to a distributive reading. The reciprocal proclitic is not\nattested with other bodily sensations, and a clear example illustrating\nthe meaning of layier ‘to itch’ without the reciprocal is lacking. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:naulaier\" label=\"exe:naulaier\"></span> kaden-un\nnau=layier=te\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=itch=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘His body is itchy.’ \n</div> \nLastly, the form nauleluk ‘to meet each other’ might be a lexicalised\nform of nau= and koluk ‘to meet’. \\[k\\] → \\[l\\] is not a synchronic\nmorphophonological process.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Sakina is pouching guavas.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Sakina sarimara lawat.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Sakina sarimara lawat.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "Morphosyntactic properties", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "At least the basic pronouns, the -tain series of restricting pronouns\nand possessive pronouns can be marked with the following clitics in\ndifferent syntactic and pragmatic roles: object =at\n(§<a href=\"#sec:at\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:at\">[sec:at]</a>), causative di= (in\ngive-constructions, §<a href=\"#sec:give\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:give\">[sec:give]</a>), comitative =bon\n(§<a href=\"#sec:comi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:comi\">[sec:comi]</a>) and similative =kap\n(§<a href=\"#sec:simcase\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:simcase\">[sec:simcase]</a>). Lative =ka and\nlocative =ko cannot be suffixed to pronouns, having dedicated animate\nforms instead that can be used with pronouns referring to animates:\n=kongga and =konggo, respectively\n(§<a href=\"#sec:animloclat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:animloclat\">[sec:animloclat]</a>). Benefactive\nmarker =ki is the only case enclitic that cannot be attached to\npronouns (see §<a href=\"#sec:give\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:give\">[sec:give]</a>). An instance of instrumental\n=ki was elicited,\nsee(<a href=\"#exe:anggonggi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anggonggi\">[exe:anggonggi]</a>). The comitative and\nsimilative postpositions are illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:proncom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:proncom\">[exe:proncom]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:pronkap\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pronkap\">[exe:pronkap]</a>), respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan anggon=ki kawotman ma main=ki kawotman\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=ins</span> cut\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=ins</span> cut\n‘I cut with mine, he cuts with his.’ <span id=\"exe:anggonggi\"\nlabel=\"exe:anggonggi\"></span> mu se yal marain=bon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\npaddle <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.alone=com</span>\n‘They paddled with him alone.’ <span id=\"exe:proncom\"\nlabel=\"exe:proncom\"></span> me sama=i nain an=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\nsame=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> like\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=sim</span>\n‘That’s the same as me.’ <span id=\"exe:pronkap\"\nlabel=\"exe:pronkap\"></span> \n</div> \nAll pronouns in Table<a href=\"#tab:pronouns\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:pronouns\">[tab:pronouns]</a> must carry object\nmarker =at when they function as the (direct or indirect) object of a\nclause. (<a href=\"#exe:bandrol\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bandrol\">[exe:bandrol]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:naluar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naluar\">[exe:naluar]</a>) illustrate different kinds\nof pronouns in object function. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan bo bandrol-un=at jie mu=at naunak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go\ntobacco_pouch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> get\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=obj</span> show\n‘I went to get the tobacco’s pouch \\[to\\] show them.’\n<span id=\"exe:bandrol\" label=\"exe:bandrol\"></span> an anggon=at\nnaluar=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=obj</span>\nslacken=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘I’m slackening mine.’ <span id=\"exe:naluar\" label=\"exe:naluar\"></span> \n</div> \nOther nominal morphology that is also carried by pronouns is =nan\n‘too’, illustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:pronnan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pronnan\">[exe:pronnan]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=nan koyan amdir-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>=too plant\ngarden-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘He also plants in the garden.’ <span id=\"exe:pronnan\"\nlabel=\"exe:pronnan\"></span> \n</div> \nThe enclitic =saet ‘only, exclusively’, found also on nouns, was not\nfound on pronouns in the natural spoken corpus, probably because the\nrestricting pronouns take over that function." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Verbs", "Header 2": "Valency changing", "Header 3": "Reciprocal constructions", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:recp\" label=\"sec:recp\"></span> In a reciprocal clause, two\n(groups of) participants have a symmetrical relation to each other. That\nis, what counts for the one group or individual counts for the other\ngroup or individual, as in ‘they push each other’ . In Kalamang,\nreciprocal constructions are made with a verbal proclitic nau=. In\nthese constructions, the valency of the verb is typically reduced by one\nsuch that there is only a subject argument. The reciprocal proclitic is\nalso, but less commonly, used in distributive constructions, as\ndescribed at the end of this section. \nThe following examples illustrate simultaneous reciprocal actions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:nautabarak\" label=\"exe:nautabarak\"></span> mier\nnau=tabarak to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=crash right\n‘They crash into each other, right?’ in se tan nau=kinkin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> hand\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hold\n‘We already shake hands.’ <span id=\"exe:naukinkin\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukinkin\"></span> \n</div> \nIn the Reciprocal constructions and situation type field stimulus kit\n, which consists of short video clips that speakers are asked to\ndescribe, nau= was applied to events of hugging, chasing, hitting and\nexchanging where more than two people were acting upon each other in a\nunidirectional chain, pairwise, radially or mixed. The reciprocal\nproclitic is also used for asymmetrical actions, i.e. actions that one\ngroup or individual do(es) to another, but not vice versa (for example\none person shaking others’ hands, one person giving things to several\nothers, a person chasing another who is being chased by a third). It can\nalso be used for sequentially reciprocal events (like people hitting\neach other in turn).\n(<a href=\"#exe:naukosalir\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukosalir\">[exe:naukosalir]</a>) is the description\nof a clip (no. 21) of four people sitting at a table, giving each other\ndifferent items of food and drink. Each person gives and receives, but\nnot necessarily to and from the same person. The verb kosalir ‘to\nexchange’ retains its valency, but changes in meaning. In non-reciprocal\nconstructions, its object is replaced with another version of itself\n(another set of clothes, a part of the house when renovating, fresh food\non the table). In reciprocal constructions, the object changes owner but\nis not replaced. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu muap=at nau=kosalir\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=exchange\n‘They exchange food with each other.’ <span id=\"exe:naukosalir\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukosalir\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:naukoup\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukoup\">[exe:naukoup]</a>) describes a clip (no.\n16) where three people hug a fourth person sequentially. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu nau=koup\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hug\n‘They hug each other.’ <span id=\"exe:naukoup\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukoup\"></span> \n</div> \nSome verbs, when used in reciprocal constructions, take a more abstract\nmeaning. The verbs tu ‘to hit’ and sair ‘to shoot (with a gun)’ are\nused for expressing fighting or even war.\n(<a href=\"#exe:nausair\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nausair\">[exe:nausair]</a>) is about the Second\nWorld War, and(<a href=\"#exe:nautu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nautu\">[exe:nautu]</a>) describes picture 4 from the\nFamily problems picture task with angry-looking people drinking beer.\nOne person is touching another on the shoulder and another is raising\nhis fist but they are not actually hitting each other. While nausair\nis only attested in war contexts, nautu can also simply mean ‘hit each\nother’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwiseme Jepang=bon Amerika=bon nau=sair=ten\nlong_time_ago Japan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nAmerica=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=shoot=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n‘A long time ago, Japan and America were at war.’ <span id=\"exe:nausair\"\nlabel=\"exe:nausair\"></span> mu bir namabuk=teba nau=tu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> beer\ndrunk=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hit\n‘They’re drunk on beer, fighting.’ <span id=\"exe:nautu\"\nlabel=\"exe:nautu\"></span> \n</div> \nOther verbs that get a more abstract meaning when used reciprocally are\ntan nau=kinkin ‘hand <span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hold’, which\nmeans ‘to shake hands’, and nau=bes ‘to make up’, from bes ‘to be\ngood’. The latter is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:naubes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naubes\">[exe:naubes]</a>), which describes people\nmaking up after a fight. The intransitive verb bes is transitivised\nwith help of paruo ‘to make’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:caus\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:caus\">[sec:caus]</a>), and then reduced in valency\nagain with help of reciprocal nau=. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu paruo nau=bes\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> make\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=good\n‘They are making up.’ <span id=\"exe:naubes\" label=\"exe:naubes\"></span> \n</div> \nA verb that gets a more specific reading with nau= is komahal ‘to\nnot know’, which means ‘to not have encountered’ when inflected with the\nreciprocal. This is also valid where one of the parts is inanimate, such\nas the forest to which the speaker describes fleeing\nin(<a href=\"#exe:naukomahal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukomahal\">[exe:naukomahal]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka tamandi=a kiem=et, ka tamangga=ta, in se nau=komahal=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nflee=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=not_know=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘How could you flee, where? We had never encountered \\[that part of the\nforest\\] before.’ <span id=\"exe:naukomahal\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukomahal\"></span> \n</div> \nAt least one verb, munmun ‘to delouse’ (derived from mun ‘louse’)\ncannot be used with the reciprocal marker, regardless of whether the\naction is symmetrical or asymmetrical, simultaneous or sequential. \nReciprocal nau= is found on two nouns in the corpus. It is unclear\nwhether this is a productive process, but attaching reciprocal nau=\nappears to change these nouns into verbs with a meaning related to the\nnoun. The root kia- ‘same-sex sibling’ turns into nau=kia(ka) ‘to\nbe/have siblings’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:naukia\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukia\">[exe:naukia]</a>), and the root kahaman\n‘bottom’ turns into nau=kahaman ‘to be close to or touch each other’s\nbottoms’ (example<a href=\"#exe:naukahaman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukahaman\">[exe:naukahaman]</a>). (The example is\nfrom a picture-matching task with pictures of two building blocks.) \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma koi nau=kiaka mambon=ta (...)\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=be_sibling\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘He, then, has siblings \\[who\\] are there (...).’ <span id=\"exe:naukia\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukia\"></span> <span id=\"exe:naukahaman\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukahaman\"></span> \n</div> \nNau= is in a few cases used in a distributive sense.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:naunggang\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naunggang\">[exe:naunggang]</a>), it is prefixed to\ngang ‘to hang’ to talk about items hanging in a tree. It is\ndistributive in the sense that the items hang in different places.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:us\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:us\">[exe:us]</a>), it is used to describe a naked\nman. That example is distributive in the sense that the man’s penis is\nseen in movement, dangling from the body. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nse nau=gang\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hang\n‘\\[They\\] hung everywhere.’ <span id=\"exe:naunggang\"\nlabel=\"exe:naunggang\"></span> ma handuk=at jien=i koyet paruak=i kor\nkerunggo us nau=gang\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntowel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nthrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> leg on_top penis\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hang\n‘After getting a towel he threw it over his legs. His penis was\ndangling.’ <span id=\"exe:us\" label=\"exe:us\"></span> \n</div> \nOne corpus example suggests that reciprocal constructions may also be\nused to express the omnipresence or perhaps the duration of a feeling,\nsimilar to a distributive reading. The reciprocal proclitic is not\nattested with other bodily sensations, and a clear example illustrating\nthe meaning of layier ‘to itch’ without the reciprocal is lacking. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:naulaier\" label=\"exe:naulaier\"></span> kaden-un\nnau=layier=te\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=itch=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘His body is itchy.’ \n</div> \nLastly, the form nauleluk ‘to meet each other’ might be a lexicalised\nform of nau= and koluk ‘to meet’. \\[k\\] → \\[l\\] is not a synchronic\nmorphophonological process." } ], "index": 0, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Sakina is pouching guavas.", "split": "train" }
Lusi muaun me Sarko reidak ma ma he sasa.	There are many lusi muaun trees at Sar, but they are dry.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: There are many lusi muaun trees at Sar, but they are dry.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"There\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like here\nKalamang translation: owandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"There\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: up there\nKalamang translation: osatko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"many\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: many hungry people\nKalamang translation: muawesese\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"many\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how many\nKalamang translation: puraman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"lusi\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cross-cousin\nKalamang translation: korap\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"lusi\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: exclusively\nKalamang translation: =saet\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"muaun\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: run away from\nKalamang translation: kokiem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"muaun\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mushroom\nKalamang translation: kawien\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"trees\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tree trunk\nKalamang translation: ewun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"trees\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: massoi tree\nKalamang translation: masoi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: laugh at\nKalamang translation: komayeki\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: at its place\nKalamang translation: terunggo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Sar\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: caught with fear\nKalamang translation: semsuk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Sar\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: hear\nKalamang translation: ra; kelua\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"but\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: butterfly\nKalamang translation: pulpul\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"but\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: but\nKalamang translation: ba; tapi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"they\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thermos\nKalamang translation: termus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"they\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: then\nKalamang translation: baru; eba; koi; mera; siktak; terus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"dry\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: dry\nKalamang translation: kararak; karuar; mararak; sa; sansa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"dry\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: dry season\nKalamang translation: yuon monpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"There\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There was an earthquake, I felt it.\nKalamang translation: Leng dekta an narasa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"There\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are no lontar palms here.\nKalamang translation: Naiar me watko saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"many\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother has many chickens, but they are still small.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun kokoun reidak ba tok kinkinun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"many\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many butterflyfish at Mas.\nKalamang translation: Kilibobang me Masko reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"lusi\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They two are diving for red cluster whip.\nKalamang translation: Mier waranggeit koar teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"lusi\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Desi is diligent.\nKalamang translation: Desi me mososor.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"muaun\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil is plagued by mucus.\nKalamang translation: Nabil marur mat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"muaun\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Desi sits but Fit is disturbing her too much.\nKalamang translation: Desi melalu ba Fit mat koyalsawe.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"trees\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That snake is slithering up the tree.\nKalamang translation: Elteng me me gareni wiekerungga sara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"trees\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: In Gorom there are many clove trees, not so many nutmegs.\nKalamang translation: Walaka me cengki reidak, sayang me kurang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many pandanus at the cape.\nKalamang translation: Diwadiwal karimunggo reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to go fishing at the dock.\nKalamang translation: An bo jambatanggoa warkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Sar\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sara is diving for clams\nKalamang translation: Sara bo kanyuotkowar teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Sar\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sara is affected by kaman-disease, her lips are sore.\nKalamang translation: Sara kaman mat paruo bolun patiwatin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"but\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: This day, it was already late afternoon but the lamps weren't lighted.\nKalamang translation: Yuol wa me go he girgir lampur tok yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"but\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to dry clothes but it's cloudy.\nKalamang translation: An dodonara masatkin ba go git git.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"they\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: First time they came they didn't know people yet.\nKalamang translation: Giarun mu lukta mu tok sontumat komahal.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"they\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Taros they sell at Fakfak: one heap fifty thousand (rupiah).\nKalamang translation: Manadu mu Pakpao parinda tumpuk konde ripi purap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"dry\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Randa's mother and family are drying clothes.\nKalamang translation: Randa emun mu dodon masa reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"dry\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to dry clothes but it's cloudy.\nKalamang translation: An dodonara masatkin ba go git git.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:socioling\" label=\"sec:socioling\"></span> Following\nUNESCO’s language vitality and endangerment framework, Kalamang is\n“definitely endangered” (corresponding to Ethnologue’s EGIDS level 7,\n“shifting”), as the children’s generation does not acquire the language. \nA speaker count was conducted in 2019 and identified 134 fluent\nspeakers[^9] and 56 non-fluent speakers. The count was executed as\nfollows. With two consultants (who are fluent speakers themselves), I\nwrote down the names of all Kalamang speakers, grouping them under the\nhousehold they are associated with. That way, we ensured that speakers\nwho moved away from Mas or Antalisa were also counted. The speakers were\ndivided into two groups: fluent speakers and non-fluent speakers.[^10]\nFluent speakers are people who both understand and speak Kalamang\nfluently. The great majority of these live in Mas or Antalisa.\nNon-fluent speakers are speakers who understand, but do not speak\nKalamang fluently – for example, people who grew up in a\nKalamang-speaking household but who were not actively encouraged to use\nthe language themselves, or people who moved away from Karas as children\nor as young adolescents. \nI am aware of the problems with this way of classifying and counting\nspeakers, so this should be seen as a rough estimate, which is\nnonetheless the only one at my disposal. Though my consultants may of\ncourse have made judgements that I or other linguists would not\nnecessarily agree with, there was ready agreement between me and the two\nconsultants on the classification of those speakers who I personally\nknow, about half. For the other half, the two consultants agreed on the\nqualification of all speakers. The consultants, like any member of the\nKalamang community, know all the other members of the community. Those\nreaders who are of the opinion that an assessment of language\nproficiency cannot be made in this way may simply add the fluent and\nnon-fluent speakers together to arrive at the number of Kalamang\nspeakers. \nOf the fluent speakers, 83 live in or are associated with families in\nMas, and 51 live in or are associated with families in Antalisa. Of the\nnon-fluent speakers, 35 live in or are associated with families in Mas,\nand 21 live in or are associated with families in Antalisa. The\ndiscrepancy here is partly attributable to the fact that speakers living\nin or associated with Mas were counted first, such that people who have\nassociations with families in both villages were counted for Mas. A\nconfounding factor, which might raise the number of Kalamang speakers\nslightly, is the fact that the count was performed by inhabitants of\nMas. There is a small chance that they had forgotten some of the\nspeakers associated with Antalisa families. Details of the speaker count\ncan be found in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BED-1>. The data are\nsummarised in Table<a href=\"#tab:spcount\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:spcount\">2.1</a>. Note that according to the 2018\ncensus, Mas has 216 inhabitants and Antalisa has 203. Although we have\nnot counted fluent and non-fluent speakers currently living in Mas and\nAntalisa, it is clear that less than half of the inhabitants of each\nvillage are fluent or non-fluent speakers of Kalamang. \n<div id=\"tab:spcount\"> \n\| \| fluent \| non-fluent \|\n\|:---------\|:-------\|:-----------\|\n\| Mas \| 83 \| 35 \|\n\| Antalisa \| 51 \| 21 \|\n\| total \| 134 \| 56 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nKalamang speaker count \n</div> \nA language shift from Kalamang to Papuan Malay is currently happening in\nMas and Antalisa. The great majority of people born on the bigger Karas\nisland before 1980 are fluent in Kalamang. They use Kalamang on a daily\nbasis with other Kalamang speakers in all kinds of settings. There is\nneither shame or taboo, nor pride connected to using the language. All\nKalamang speakers are bilingual in Papuan Malay (PM), and some also in\nBahasa Indonesia (see comments in\n§<a href=\"#sec:malay\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:malay\">[sec:malay]</a> below on the difference).\nPapuan Malay is used in those instances where a non-Kalamang speaker\njoins the conversation. Naturally, these situations include, for\nexample, village gatherings and wedding speeches; but Kalamang is by no\nmeans avoided at such events for conversations in smaller groups or for\nthe performance of rituals. Speakers born before 1980 have reported not\nto have learned Papuan Malay or Indonesian before entering school. A\nprimary school was built in Antalisa in the 1970s. Children from Mas\nwent to school in Antalisa until a primary school was built in Mas in\n1982. \nThere is a sharp cline in fluent speakers for people born roughly\nbetween 1980 and 1990. No one born after 1990 can be counted as a fluent\nspeaker. There are very few households with two fluent Kalamang-speaking\nparents and children born after 1990, but even in those households the\nchildren are not raised in Kalamang. As indicated above, non-fluent\nspeakers have a good passive command of Kalamang. Fluent Kalamang\nspeakers do not necessarily shift to Papuan Malay when they join the\nconversation, but they are not expected to actively contribute, although\nthey can express themselves in a simple way in Kalamang. In one-on-one\ncommunication they are typically addressed in Papuan Malay, and respond\nlikewise. All other people born in Mas or Antalisa have minimal\nknowledge of Kalamang, and are not counted as Kalamang speakers. Born to\nat least one Kalamang-speaking parent, they typically understand some\nbut not all Kalamang (e.g. simple commands and greetings), know a few\ndozen common words, and can say a handful of standard phrases. They\ncannot freely create simple clauses. They communicate in Papuan Malay\nwith both elders and peers. A rough overview of Kalamang competence per\nage group is given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:fluency\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:fluency\">2.2</a>.[^11] \n<div id=\"tab:fluency\"> \n\| born \| level \|\n\|:------------\|:-------------------------------------------\|\n\| before 1980 \| large majority fluent \|\n\| 1980s \| some fluent, some non-fluent, some minimal \|\n\| after 1990 \| some non-fluent, many minimal \|\n\| \| \| \nCompetence per age group, estimates \n</div> \nEthnologue’s page on Kalamang (which they have as Karas) says it is\nthreatened by Iha. None of my consultants know Iha, and I have not heard\nanyone communicate in it. Many Kalamang speakers, on the other hand,\nhave a good passive knowledge of the neighbouring language Uruangnirin.\nBecause exogamy is common, there are many speakers with other mother\ntongues in the Kalamang-speaking villages. Since there is often more\nthan one person from the same language area, these languages may also be\nheard. At the time of writing, the most frequent languages in Mas (after\nPapuan Malay and Kalamang) are Geser-Gorom, and . While the latter two\nare only spoken by the parent generation, Geser-Gorom is spoken by both\nthe grandparent and the parent generation. None of these (nor other\nIndonesian languages) are transmitted to children. My oldest consultants\nhave reported that when they were young, brides and grooms that moved to\na Kalamang-speaking village from other language areas acquired Kalamang.\nThis practice has since been replaced with being the language of\ncommunication in mixed marriages. \nAs stated above, fluent Kalamang speakers seem to have a neutral\nattitude towards their language. They would never hide the fact that\nthey speak the language, nor would they show off with it.[^12] Speakers\noccasionally express regret that their children do not speak Kalamang,\nbut rather than blaming themselves for not transmitting the language to\ntheir children, they blame their children for being too stupid to learn\nKalamang. I have not heard people express fears that their children do\nnot acquire Papuan Malay well enough if they learn Kalamang, although\nthis might be an underlying factor. \nKalamang has no written tradition, and is not used as an administrative\nlanguage. When asked, people readily write Kalamang words and texts\nwithout problems, using Indonesian orthography, which fits Kalamang\nphonology well (see §<a href=\"#sec:not\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:not\">2.6.6</a>). In the past three years, with the\nspread of cheap smartphones and internet connections, some Kalamang may\nbe found on social media such as Facebook. But as it is mainly\nnon-fluent and passive speakers who are connected, the use of Kalamang\nseems limited to short phrases alternating with Papuan Malay. \nKalamang does not display any identifiable dialectal differences. This\nis perhaps because Mas and Antalisa are small communities with frequent\ncontact and intermarriage. I have not registered any differences for\ngender, age group or other social or demographic factors. Having said\nthat, there is quite a bit of idiolectal (sometimes also intra-speaker)\nvariation in the pronunciation of certain words. This is indicated in\nthe dictionary and, as far as generalisations can be made, described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:consvar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:consvar\">[sec:consvar]</a>\nand§<a href=\"#sec:freevarvow\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:freevarvow\">[sec:freevarvow]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nKalamang has contrastive stress that is non-predictable in disyllabic\nroots, but has a preference for the right edge in longer roots. The\nfollowing sections first explain how stress is manifested, before\nproviding a description of stress assignment patterns. In disyllabic\nroots, stress is completely unpredictable\n(§<a href=\"#sec:stressdi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stressdi\">4.3.1.2</a>). Roots with more than two\nsyllables, which are less common, never have stress on the first\nsyllable (§<a href=\"#sec:stresstri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stresstri\">4.3.1.3</a>). Stress can be on either of\nthe syllables in a disyllabic vowel sequence\n(§<a href=\"#sec:stressvv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stressvv\">4.3.1.4</a>). Words carrying inflectional\nor derivational morphology generally have quite strict stress rules: the\nstress tends to move to the rightmost syllable before a suffix or\nenclitic (§<a href=\"#sec:stressaff\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stressaff\">4.3.1.5</a>). Compounds and reduplicated\nwords follow roughly the same rules as roots: stress on the first\nsyllable of words longer than two syllables is uncommon. Secondary\nstress appears in some compounds (mainly numerals) and in reduplicated\nwords with four or more syllables\n(§<a href=\"#sec:stresscomp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stresscomp\">[sec:stresscomp]</a>\nand§<a href=\"#sec:stressrep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stressrep\">[sec:stressrep]</a>). The analysis that\nbest covers this variation is a trochaic foot structure (ˈσ.σ) assigned\nfrom right to left. This analysis is presented in\n§<a href=\"#sec:troch\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:troch\">4.3.1.8</a>. \nA phonological word (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:root\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:root\">[sec:root]</a> and\n§<a href=\"#sec:affix\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:affix\">[sec:affix]</a>) carries one main stress.\nStress is manifested primarily by intensity and secondarily by length,\nstressed syllables on average being louder and longer than unstressed\nsyllables. This is illustrated in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:stress\">4.5</a> for /naˈkal/ ‘head’. The stressed\nsyllable has a higher amplitude and is longer. \n<figure id=\"fig:stress\">\n<img src=\"Images/nakalstress-cropped.png\" style=\"width:9cm\" />\n<figcaption>Spectrogram, pitch and waveform for /naˈkal/\n‘head’</figcaption>\n</figure> \nA third indicator of stress is (high) pitch. Compare\nFigures<a href=\"#fig:pebis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:pebis\">4.6</a>\nand<a href=\"#fig:pebisat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:pebisat\">4.7</a>.\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:pebis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:pebis\">4.6</a> shows the spectrogram, pitch and\nwaveform for /ˈpebis/ ‘woman’.\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:pebisat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:pebisat\">4.7</a> shows the spectrogram, pitch and\nwaveform for /peˈbisat/ ‘woman.<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>’,\nwhere the F0 peak has moved from pe to bis under influence of the\nenclitic =at. \n<figure id=\"fig:pebis\">\n<img src=\"Images/pebis-cropped.png\" style=\"width:9cm\" />\n<figcaption>Spectrogram, pitch and waveform for /ˈpebis/\n‘woman’</figcaption>\n</figure> \n<figure id=\"fig:pebisat\">\n<img src=\"Images/pebisat-cropped.png\" style=\"width:9cm\" />\n<figcaption>Spectrogram, pitch and waveform for /peˈbisat/, the object\nform for ‘woman’</figcaption>\n</figure> \nSecondary stress (§<a href=\"#sec:stresscomp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stresscomp\">[sec:stresscomp]</a>\nand§<a href=\"#sec:stressrep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stressrep\">[sec:stressrep]</a>) has the same\nphonetic cues as primary stress, but they are weaker.\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:singa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:singa\">4.8</a> shows /ˌsiŋaˈsiŋat/ ‘ant’. F0 is\nhigher on the two stressed syllables, and they have a high intensity\neven though the stressed /i/’s are ‘competing’ with /a/’s, which are\nmuch louder vowels. Length plays no role in this particular example. \n<figure id=\"fig:singa\">\n<img src=\"Images/singa-cropped.png\" style=\"width:9.5cm\" />\n<figcaption>Spectrogram, pitch and waveform for /ˌsiŋaˈsiŋat/\n‘ant’</figcaption>\n</figure>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: There are many lusi muaun trees at Sar, but they are dry.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Lusi muaun me Sarko reidak ma ma he sasa.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Lusi muaun me Sarko reidak ma ma he sasa.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "Sociolinguistic situation", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:socioling\" label=\"sec:socioling\"></span> Following\nUNESCO’s language vitality and endangerment framework, Kalamang is\n“definitely endangered” (corresponding to Ethnologue’s EGIDS level 7,\n“shifting”), as the children’s generation does not acquire the language. \nA speaker count was conducted in 2019 and identified 134 fluent\nspeakers[^9] and 56 non-fluent speakers. The count was executed as\nfollows. With two consultants (who are fluent speakers themselves), I\nwrote down the names of all Kalamang speakers, grouping them under the\nhousehold they are associated with. That way, we ensured that speakers\nwho moved away from Mas or Antalisa were also counted. The speakers were\ndivided into two groups: fluent speakers and non-fluent speakers.[^10]\nFluent speakers are people who both understand and speak Kalamang\nfluently. The great majority of these live in Mas or Antalisa.\nNon-fluent speakers are speakers who understand, but do not speak\nKalamang fluently – for example, people who grew up in a\nKalamang-speaking household but who were not actively encouraged to use\nthe language themselves, or people who moved away from Karas as children\nor as young adolescents. \nI am aware of the problems with this way of classifying and counting\nspeakers, so this should be seen as a rough estimate, which is\nnonetheless the only one at my disposal. Though my consultants may of\ncourse have made judgements that I or other linguists would not\nnecessarily agree with, there was ready agreement between me and the two\nconsultants on the classification of those speakers who I personally\nknow, about half. For the other half, the two consultants agreed on the\nqualification of all speakers. The consultants, like any member of the\nKalamang community, know all the other members of the community. Those\nreaders who are of the opinion that an assessment of language\nproficiency cannot be made in this way may simply add the fluent and\nnon-fluent speakers together to arrive at the number of Kalamang\nspeakers. \nOf the fluent speakers, 83 live in or are associated with families in\nMas, and 51 live in or are associated with families in Antalisa. Of the\nnon-fluent speakers, 35 live in or are associated with families in Mas,\nand 21 live in or are associated with families in Antalisa. The\ndiscrepancy here is partly attributable to the fact that speakers living\nin or associated with Mas were counted first, such that people who have\nassociations with families in both villages were counted for Mas. A\nconfounding factor, which might raise the number of Kalamang speakers\nslightly, is the fact that the count was performed by inhabitants of\nMas. There is a small chance that they had forgotten some of the\nspeakers associated with Antalisa families. Details of the speaker count\ncan be found in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BED-1>. The data are\nsummarised in Table<a href=\"#tab:spcount\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:spcount\">2.1</a>. Note that according to the 2018\ncensus, Mas has 216 inhabitants and Antalisa has 203. Although we have\nnot counted fluent and non-fluent speakers currently living in Mas and\nAntalisa, it is clear that less than half of the inhabitants of each\nvillage are fluent or non-fluent speakers of Kalamang. \n<div id=\"tab:spcount\"> \n\| \| fluent \| non-fluent \|\n\|:---------\|:-------\|:-----------\|\n\| Mas \| 83 \| 35 \|\n\| Antalisa \| 51 \| 21 \|\n\| total \| 134 \| 56 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nKalamang speaker count \n</div> \nA language shift from Kalamang to Papuan Malay is currently happening in\nMas and Antalisa. The great majority of people born on the bigger Karas\nisland before 1980 are fluent in Kalamang. They use Kalamang on a daily\nbasis with other Kalamang speakers in all kinds of settings. There is\nneither shame or taboo, nor pride connected to using the language. All\nKalamang speakers are bilingual in Papuan Malay (PM), and some also in\nBahasa Indonesia (see comments in\n§<a href=\"#sec:malay\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:malay\">[sec:malay]</a> below on the difference).\nPapuan Malay is used in those instances where a non-Kalamang speaker\njoins the conversation. Naturally, these situations include, for\nexample, village gatherings and wedding speeches; but Kalamang is by no\nmeans avoided at such events for conversations in smaller groups or for\nthe performance of rituals. Speakers born before 1980 have reported not\nto have learned Papuan Malay or Indonesian before entering school. A\nprimary school was built in Antalisa in the 1970s. Children from Mas\nwent to school in Antalisa until a primary school was built in Mas in\n1982. \nThere is a sharp cline in fluent speakers for people born roughly\nbetween 1980 and 1990. No one born after 1990 can be counted as a fluent\nspeaker. There are very few households with two fluent Kalamang-speaking\nparents and children born after 1990, but even in those households the\nchildren are not raised in Kalamang. As indicated above, non-fluent\nspeakers have a good passive command of Kalamang. Fluent Kalamang\nspeakers do not necessarily shift to Papuan Malay when they join the\nconversation, but they are not expected to actively contribute, although\nthey can express themselves in a simple way in Kalamang. In one-on-one\ncommunication they are typically addressed in Papuan Malay, and respond\nlikewise. All other people born in Mas or Antalisa have minimal\nknowledge of Kalamang, and are not counted as Kalamang speakers. Born to\nat least one Kalamang-speaking parent, they typically understand some\nbut not all Kalamang (e.g. simple commands and greetings), know a few\ndozen common words, and can say a handful of standard phrases. They\ncannot freely create simple clauses. They communicate in Papuan Malay\nwith both elders and peers. A rough overview of Kalamang competence per\nage group is given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:fluency\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:fluency\">2.2</a>.[^11] \n<div id=\"tab:fluency\"> \n\| born \| level \|\n\|:------------\|:-------------------------------------------\|\n\| before 1980 \| large majority fluent \|\n\| 1980s \| some fluent, some non-fluent, some minimal \|\n\| after 1990 \| some non-fluent, many minimal \|\n\| \| \| \nCompetence per age group, estimates \n</div> \nEthnologue’s page on Kalamang (which they have as Karas) says it is\nthreatened by Iha. None of my consultants know Iha, and I have not heard\nanyone communicate in it. Many Kalamang speakers, on the other hand,\nhave a good passive knowledge of the neighbouring language Uruangnirin.\nBecause exogamy is common, there are many speakers with other mother\ntongues in the Kalamang-speaking villages. Since there is often more\nthan one person from the same language area, these languages may also be\nheard. At the time of writing, the most frequent languages in Mas (after\nPapuan Malay and Kalamang) are Geser-Gorom, and . While the latter two\nare only spoken by the parent generation, Geser-Gorom is spoken by both\nthe grandparent and the parent generation. None of these (nor other\nIndonesian languages) are transmitted to children. My oldest consultants\nhave reported that when they were young, brides and grooms that moved to\na Kalamang-speaking village from other language areas acquired Kalamang.\nThis practice has since been replaced with being the language of\ncommunication in mixed marriages. \nAs stated above, fluent Kalamang speakers seem to have a neutral\nattitude towards their language. They would never hide the fact that\nthey speak the language, nor would they show off with it.[^12] Speakers\noccasionally express regret that their children do not speak Kalamang,\nbut rather than blaming themselves for not transmitting the language to\ntheir children, they blame their children for being too stupid to learn\nKalamang. I have not heard people express fears that their children do\nnot acquire Papuan Malay well enough if they learn Kalamang, although\nthis might be an underlying factor. \nKalamang has no written tradition, and is not used as an administrative\nlanguage. When asked, people readily write Kalamang words and texts\nwithout problems, using Indonesian orthography, which fits Kalamang\nphonology well (see §<a href=\"#sec:not\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:not\">2.6.6</a>). In the past three years, with the\nspread of cheap smartphones and internet connections, some Kalamang may\nbe found on social media such as Facebook. But as it is mainly\nnon-fluent and passive speakers who are connected, the use of Kalamang\nseems limited to short phrases alternating with Papuan Malay. \nKalamang does not display any identifiable dialectal differences. This\nis perhaps because Mas and Antalisa are small communities with frequent\ncontact and intermarriage. I have not registered any differences for\ngender, age group or other social or demographic factors. Having said\nthat, there is quite a bit of idiolectal (sometimes also intra-speaker)\nvariation in the pronunciation of certain words. This is indicated in\nthe dictionary and, as far as generalisations can be made, described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:consvar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:consvar\">[sec:consvar]</a>\nand§<a href=\"#sec:freevarvow\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:freevarvow\">[sec:freevarvow]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Phonetics, phonology and morphophonology", "Header 2": "Prosody", "Header 3": "Stress assignment", "Header 4": "Introduction" }, "passage": "Kalamang has contrastive stress that is non-predictable in disyllabic\nroots, but has a preference for the right edge in longer roots. The\nfollowing sections first explain how stress is manifested, before\nproviding a description of stress assignment patterns. In disyllabic\nroots, stress is completely unpredictable\n(§<a href=\"#sec:stressdi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stressdi\">4.3.1.2</a>). Roots with more than two\nsyllables, which are less common, never have stress on the first\nsyllable (§<a href=\"#sec:stresstri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stresstri\">4.3.1.3</a>). Stress can be on either of\nthe syllables in a disyllabic vowel sequence\n(§<a href=\"#sec:stressvv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stressvv\">4.3.1.4</a>). Words carrying inflectional\nor derivational morphology generally have quite strict stress rules: the\nstress tends to move to the rightmost syllable before a suffix or\nenclitic (§<a href=\"#sec:stressaff\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stressaff\">4.3.1.5</a>). Compounds and reduplicated\nwords follow roughly the same rules as roots: stress on the first\nsyllable of words longer than two syllables is uncommon. Secondary\nstress appears in some compounds (mainly numerals) and in reduplicated\nwords with four or more syllables\n(§<a href=\"#sec:stresscomp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stresscomp\">[sec:stresscomp]</a>\nand§<a href=\"#sec:stressrep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stressrep\">[sec:stressrep]</a>). The analysis that\nbest covers this variation is a trochaic foot structure (ˈσ.σ) assigned\nfrom right to left. This analysis is presented in\n§<a href=\"#sec:troch\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:troch\">4.3.1.8</a>. \nA phonological word (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:root\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:root\">[sec:root]</a> and\n§<a href=\"#sec:affix\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:affix\">[sec:affix]</a>) carries one main stress.\nStress is manifested primarily by intensity and secondarily by length,\nstressed syllables on average being louder and longer than unstressed\nsyllables. This is illustrated in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:stress\">4.5</a> for /naˈkal/ ‘head’. The stressed\nsyllable has a higher amplitude and is longer. \n<figure id=\"fig:stress\">\n<img src=\"Images/nakalstress-cropped.png\" style=\"width:9cm\" />\n<figcaption>Spectrogram, pitch and waveform for /naˈkal/\n‘head’</figcaption>\n</figure> \nA third indicator of stress is (high) pitch. Compare\nFigures<a href=\"#fig:pebis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:pebis\">4.6</a>\nand<a href=\"#fig:pebisat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:pebisat\">4.7</a>.\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:pebis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:pebis\">4.6</a> shows the spectrogram, pitch and\nwaveform for /ˈpebis/ ‘woman’.\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:pebisat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:pebisat\">4.7</a> shows the spectrogram, pitch and\nwaveform for /peˈbisat/ ‘woman.<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>’,\nwhere the F0 peak has moved from pe to bis under influence of the\nenclitic =at. \n<figure id=\"fig:pebis\">\n<img src=\"Images/pebis-cropped.png\" style=\"width:9cm\" />\n<figcaption>Spectrogram, pitch and waveform for /ˈpebis/\n‘woman’</figcaption>\n</figure> \n<figure id=\"fig:pebisat\">\n<img src=\"Images/pebisat-cropped.png\" style=\"width:9cm\" />\n<figcaption>Spectrogram, pitch and waveform for /peˈbisat/, the object\nform for ‘woman’</figcaption>\n</figure> \nSecondary stress (§<a href=\"#sec:stresscomp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stresscomp\">[sec:stresscomp]</a>\nand§<a href=\"#sec:stressrep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stressrep\">[sec:stressrep]</a>) has the same\nphonetic cues as primary stress, but they are weaker.\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:singa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:singa\">4.8</a> shows /ˌsiŋaˈsiŋat/ ‘ant’. F0 is\nhigher on the two stressed syllables, and they have a high intensity\neven though the stressed /i/’s are ‘competing’ with /a/’s, which are\nmuch louder vowels. Length plays no role in this particular example. \n<figure id=\"fig:singa\">\n<img src=\"Images/singa-cropped.png\" style=\"width:9.5cm\" />\n<figcaption>Spectrogram, pitch and waveform for /ˌsiŋaˈsiŋat/\n‘ant’</figcaption>\n</figure>" } ], "index": 1, "level": "low_resource", "question": "There are many lusi muaun trees at Sar, but they are dry.", "split": "train" }
Minan ning.	My liver/adam's apple/throat hurts.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: My liver/adam's apple/throat hurts.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"My\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tray\nKalamang translation: talam\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"My\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sixty\nKalamang translation: putraman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"liver\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: river\nKalamang translation: kat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"liver\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: may the sun pull out your liver\nKalamang translation: yuon ba mintolmaretkon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"adam\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: adult woman\nKalamang translation: ema\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"adam\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: beam\nKalamang translation: balak; regil\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"apple\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: nipple\nKalamang translation: am belun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"apple\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pineapple\nKalamang translation: kainasu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"throat\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cut throat\nKalamang translation: mintolma\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"throat\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: throat and neck\nKalamang translation: komang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"hurts\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thoughts\nKalamang translation: pikiran\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"hurts\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: one hundred\nKalamang translation: reitkon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"My\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My bag has disappeared.\nKalamang translation: Tasan he gosomin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"My\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My heart is broken.\nKalamang translation: Minan karaok.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"liver\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They go live in an empty place.\nKalamang translation: Mu bo go saerak tua reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"liver\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends live on the mainland over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu distrik owa gocie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"adam\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mister Sam and associates go fishing to stab stingrays.\nKalamang translation: Pak Sam mu bo masura isisat komain.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"adam\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Suci's mother has a headache.\nKalamang translation: Suci emun nakal ning deba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"apple\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: First time they came they didn't know people yet.\nKalamang translation: Giarun mu lukta mu tok sontumat komahal.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"apple\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Her mother's nipple is sore.\nKalamang translation: Ma emun ambelun neing.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"throat\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The kids are throwing stones at the mangos.\nKalamang translation: Tumtum yargi wiat mudi.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"throat\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomi's mother was throwing fishing line and caught a shark.\nKalamang translation: Tomi emun wienmukta loptengat ramie reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"hurts\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My shoulder hurts, I'm sending for Ruslan's grandmother to heal it.\nKalamang translation: Bekieman ningda an sirie nene Ruslan paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"hurts\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father neckbone hurts.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun komanggasirun ning.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThere is no previous ethnographic research conducted on Karas or the\nKalamang-speaking community. In this section, I share my own\nethnographic observations. All fieldwork was carried out in Mas, and\nthese ethnographic remarks are based on what I observed there,\nsupplemented by a cultural questionnaire I completed in 2019 with three\npeople from Mas.[^5] I have regularly visited Antalisa during all field\ntrips, and have no reason to believe that there are substantial\ndifferences between the villages. \nThe Kalamang-speaking community is largely comprised of fishermen and\nfarmers of nutmeg. They live in two villages, each with their own\nvillage head, following Indonesian social organisation. The kinship\nsystem is patrilineal. Close relationships, outside the nuclear family,\nare maintained with parents, aunts and uncles, and cousins. Resources\nare often pooled within the extended family for large undertakings like\nbuilding a house, or expensive events like tertiary education or\nmarriage. The woman is the head of the household, and the man is mainly\nresponsible for fishing. Nutmeg farming is an extended family business.\nThe inhabitants of Mas and Antalisa are Muslims, observing many Islamic\ncustoms, though mixing them with local ones. The majority live in\nconcrete houses roughly organized around a central square containing the\nvillage mosque. There is no known art. The skills for other material\nculture, such as woven products and canoes, are still practised but are\non the verge of being superseded by purchased modern materials. \nI have knowledge of rites connected to the following life events:\npregnancy, the first time a newborn leaves the house, the child’s first\nhaircut, circumcision, prenuptial negotiations, welcoming a new wife to\nthe island, marriage, the third day of marriage, entering other people’s\nhouses for the first time (for wives from outside the island), putting\nthe roof on a house, burial and memorials of a death. The following is a\nlist of recordings in the corpus where these rites are illustrated. The\ncode is a unique corpus tag. With help of this tag, the relevant\nrecordings and supplementary material like photographs can be found in\nthe corpus. An overview of all recordings can be found in the Appendix\non page. \n- prenuptial negotiations:\n[narr2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BCF-3) \n- welcoming a new wife (Tenggelele):\n[conv8](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D) \n- marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- third day of marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- putting the roof on a house:\n[narr3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD7-2) \n- burial: [conv7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC3-B) \n- death memorials:\n[narr1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD8-4) \nI have observed first-hand all the above-mentioned rituals with three\nexceptions: the rituals relating to entering someone’s house for the\nfirst time, pregnancy, and circumcision. Consultants have described\nthese as follows. \nWhen a wife from outside the island marries a man from Mas or Antalisa,\nshe cannot enter other people’s houses before the following ritual is\nperformed. The owners of the house must spread out a white cloth from\nthe entrance of their house, via which the woman enters. After that, she\nreceives another piece of cloth (typically an industrially-made\n“sarong”, a square piece or tube of cloth that can be worn wrapped\naround the waist). \nAt six months into a woman’s first pregnancy, one of her brothers ties a\nstring of pandanus leaf around her clothed belly and cuts it with a\nknife or scissors. This string is tied around a tree, e.g. a coconut\ntree, by the father-to-be, which is a sign that this tree now belongs to\nthe brother. The name of this ritual is koramtolma (koram has no\nindependent meaning; tolma means ‘to cut a string’). \nTwo other marked events are the bathing of the child at less than three\ndays after birth, and the bathing of the mother 40 days after giving\nbirth, after which the child may come out of the house (‘see the sun’)\nfor the first time. The first feeding of the child is also around this\ntime, and is accompanied by bestowing a name upon the child (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a> about names). The name is\nchosen by an older, respected community member. The child’s first\nhaircut is a festive gathering where a brother of the mother cuts off a\nbit of the child’s first hair. Attendees give money to the parents. The\nfirst haircut was traditionally observed in earlier times, but has only\nrecently become celebrated as a festive event. \nCircumcision is practised on both boys and girls when they are around\nnine years of age. The ritual is only attended and performed by people\nof the same sex as the child(ren) to be circumcised. Male circumcision\nis the cutting of the foreskin. It is unknown what female circumcision\non Karas consists of. The ritual is typically performed for more than\none child at the same time, and with inhabitants from both Kalamang- and\nUruangnirin-speaking villages combined. It is a big festive occasion\nthat is combined with dancing in the evening, comparable to marriages. \nDances are called nasula or tarian (Indonesian tarian; menari).\nConsultants report that people used to dance together in double pairs\n(two men and two women) lead by a foreman, but this practice has\ndisappeared. People dance on their own when performing traditional\ndances. The dances are accompanied by the beating of two types of drums\n(tiri, a flat drum with hide on top, hit with the hand, and tetetas,\na tall drum with hide on the side, hit with a stick), a gong and a\nflute. During my visits, no flute was available and a recording of the\nflute was played instead, while the drums were played live. Recordings\nof drumming and dancing are available in the corpus.[^6] Contemporary\ndancing (Indonesian joget) is mainly performed by adolescents to\ncontemporary Indonesian music and often takes the form of line-dancing\nor dancing in groups where everyone performs the same movements. \nAll rituals are accompanied by Islamic prayers, recited by the imam, who\nsits in front of a tray with a glass of cigarettes, betel leaves and\nincense. The prayers are joined by the men, and sometimes also the\nwomen. Another regular feature of rituals is a shared meal or tea. For\nboth prayers and the meal, it is common that the men sit in the guest\nreception room (the most important and biggest room of the house,\nlocated at the front, Indonesian ruang tamu) and the women and\nchildren are in the back of the house, close to the kitchen. This\npractice is not always strictly observed, and especially older women may\njoin the men in the front. A meal consists at least of coffee and tea\nserved with tea sweets (various cakes and fried tubers and banana), and\noften also includes warm food (rice and several fish and meat\naccompaniments). While people sit in a big rectangle on the floor along\nthe wall, the food is served in the middle of the room in a smaller\nsquare or rectangle, typically on a cloth or a banner on the floor. Food\nis served on evenly spaced plates, from which people serve to their own\nplates. Water is served in sealed plastic cups. Very sweet coffee and\ntea is served in glasses filled to the brim as a sign of respect (this\nalso applies to serving coffee and tea at home, whereas boiled water is\nthe norm to drink and serve at home).[^7] \nThe feeding of ancestors is practised when people want to build on a new\nsite, or get rid of pain or an illness they think they have contracted\nfrom a certain place (say a root that they stumbled over). I have not\nwitnessed this, but the ritual is described by consultants as follows.\nIn the house of the traditional authority (Indonesian tokoh adat), a\nplate is prepared with bits of betel nut, betel leaf, cooked fish,\ncoconut, tobacco, root vegetables or banana, rice, black cloth, cooking\noil and an egg. Sometimes prayers are read. The tokoh adat then takes\nthe plate to the place in question, or to a small rock in the sea in\nfront of Mas village (which is said to be related to the tokoh adat’s\nancestors), and confers with the ancestors (without speaking out loud).\nFor particularly important matters, a freshly washed white chicken may\nbe brought to the place in question, where its throat is cut and its\nblood is spread. The chicken is then buried in the middle of the area\nwhere the blood was spread. \nMany people file their teeth as adolescents or young adults. It is\nunknown why. Tattoos and piercings are not allowed, but reports tattoos\non the chest and scarifications of crosses on the arms and shoulders.\nOne consultant says body paint was used in former times during war and\nhongi raids. Men wear their hair short and women long. Most people go\nbareheaded, but cover their heads on formal and religious occasions.\nPeople wear contemporary Indonesian attire. On formal, festive and\nreligious occasions this means a sarong, shirt and black cap (Indonesian\nsongkok) for men, and a sarong, blouse (Indonesian kebaya) and\nheadcloth for women. While some of the older women wear headcloths that\nonly cover the hair, most younger women choose to wear a tight-fitting\nhijab. \nThe main religion in Mas and Antalisa is Islam. While daily prayers\nafter sunset are only attended by a handful of pious men in Mas, the\nmidday Friday prayers are attended by most men and boys. Women are\nhardly seen in the mosque. Most children take lessons in learning to\nread Arabic and recite prayers for several years. Gatherings for\nblessing prayers (Indonesian doa selamat) are very common, and are\nheld for blessing e.g. new boats, children who are about to take an\nexam, people who are about to set off on a long journey, etc. Although\nthere are many wild pigs on Karas, no one eats pork. On Thursdays in the\nlate afternoon, prayers for the dead are recited in several homes, after\nwhich a visit to the graves is paid. \nIslam probably arrived on the island around the time when it fell under\nthe sultanate of Tidore, which existed from 1450 to 1904. J.C. Keyts,\nwho visited the Karas Islands in 1678, describes the inhabitants as\nheathens . In 1872, when J.G. Coorengel visited, the inhabitants of at\nleast Faor are described as Muslims . There might have been an\nin-between stage when only leaders were converted . The oldest people in\nMas confirm that their grandparents were Muslims as well. The Islamic\nreligion, as in many places in Indonesia, is mixed with local customs .\nAn example of this are the small offerings that accompany prayer\nrecital, usually in the form of betel nuts, cigarettes, betel leaves and\nsometimes pastries. \nKalamang people residing on the island have two main sources of income:\nfishing and the production of nutmeg and mace (from Myristica\nargentea). While some people have small businesses selling their fish\nin Fakfak on an irregular basis, most people sell their fish to a\nBalinese trading company that has a storage place for live fish floating\nin the water close to Antalisa or Mas . Species sold are groupers\n(Plectropomus leopardus, areolatus, maculatus and oligacanthus,\nCromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and mixed groupers,\naccording to ) and lobsters (Panulirus versicolor). Different kinds of\ndried trepang (species unknown) are sold in Fakfak. Kalamang people may\nfish anywhere in Karas district waters, although people have their\npreferred spots for finding certain fish. People may set up temporary\ncamps on beaches close to lobster-diving places, to collect lobsters\nover several days before selling. A semi-permanent camp, where people\nmay reside for up to several months, is Timi Nepnep in the southern part\nof Sebakor Bay (on the New Guinea mainland). Outsiders who want to fish\nin Karas waters[^8] must ask permission from one of the village heads. \nNutmeg and mace are planted in family gardens behind the white sand\nbeaches on the big Karas island. These gardens are inherited by the\neldest son, who must divide the land among the siblings, though men\ninherit more than women. One may only harvest one’s own nutmeg. Nutmeg\nand mace are sold to traders in Fakfak, the regency capital. Between\ntheir nutmeg plantations and the white sand beaches, people plant\ncoconut trees. These are mainly harvested for personal use. People also\nuse their land to source firewood and collect wild edible things such as\nTahitian chestnuts (Inocarpus fagifer). Some people have a vegetable\ngarden which may or may not be on the same beach as their nutmeg\nplantation. This is for personal use or to sell produce on a small scale\nto people in the village. The crops planted in gardens are typically\nmaize, tomato, aubergine, beans, root vegetables, several banana species\nand various leafy greens. The gardens are usually kept by couples. \nBesides a health station (Indonesian puskesmas), a community building\nand a mosque, both Mas and Antalisa have a primary school with six\ngrades. In Mas, the head of the school is currently a civil servant\ndeployed from his native Sulawesi. A group of two to four teachers,\nmostly local people, teach in the three classrooms. For junior high,\nchildren move to Malakuli or Fakfak. Although the official statistics\nfor Fakfak regency report a 99% school participation level, I estimate\nthe level to be a little lower, at least in Mas, where several children\nwere out of school during my visits. Those people who complete higher\neducation move to work in the district capital Malakuli, in Fakfak, or\nelsewhere in Indonesia. The only Karas-born person with higher education\nliving in Mas is one of the school teachers. \nChildren’s work consists of small jobs like getting water from the well,\nsweeping the floor and, for girls, washing clothes. Line fishing from\nthe dock is a common activity for both boys and girls, as well as female\nadolescents. Adolescent boys join their fathers fishing and diving.\nWomen may also join their husbands to assist in fishing and diving, and\nmay also be seen fishing from the dock at night, fishing from small\npaddle canoes, or searching for shells at low tide. Night fishing at low\ntide seems to be a men’s activity. Other men’s tasks are constructing\nhouses, repairing machines, maintaining canoes and chopping firewood.\nWomen are responsible for cleaning, cooking, gardening and washing.\nHandicrafts such as weaving baskets and mats are also practised by\nwomen, but many of the women under 40 no longer have these skills, as\ncheap plastic replacements for these items are now available. In the\nnutmeg plantations much of the work is joint, although it is the men who\nclimb the trees to pluck the nutmeg (with the help of a bamboo stick\nwith a barb on it), while the women gather the fruits on the ground and\nsplit them open. \nAlthough some of the rituals described earlier seem to suggest that\nKalamang society has a custom of marrying women and not men from outside\nthe island, both variants of exogamy are currently practised. Kalamang\npeople have intermarried with people from Java, the Moluccas (especially\nGorom), Sulawesi (especially Bugis and Muna) and closer islands such as\nthe Kei islands and the other Karas Islands. This process has been going\non for at least several decades, with one of my oldest consultants\nhaving a Buginese father. The reason many partners come from the same\nareas in Indonesia is that these people may suggest new partners from\ntheir home town for Kalamang people looking for a suitable partner.\nEndogamy is also allowed and, judging from the different terms for\ncross-cousins (korapmur, who can be married), and parallel cousins\n(dudanmur, who count as siblings and cannot be married) this has also\nbeen tradition. Polygamy is permitted but is not currently practised.\nBridewealth must be paid by the groom’s side to the bride’s side. This\nmay range from several million rupiah to several dozen million rupiah,\ndepending on the wealth of the family and status of the people to be\nmarried. A village marriage usually does not involve more than 10\nmillion rupiah (approximately € 600), but the bridewealth for a city\nmarriage between high earners with high-status jobs (such as civil\nservant or business owner) may approach 100 million rupiah\n(approximately € 6000). It is mainly the bride’s family’s responsibility\nto organise and pay for the wedding, but the groom’s family may help\nwith this as well. \nPeople live in large concrete or (increasingly rare) wooden houses with\none or sometimes two nuclear families, often accompanied by\n(grand)parents and sometimes unmarried siblings of the parents. It is\nalso common to live together with an adopted child if one is childless\n(typically the child of a sibling of the caretaker) or if the child is\nan orphan. Nieces and nephews are considered children by their aunts and\nuncles. Aunts and uncles of the same sex as the parent (mother’s sisters\nand father’s brothers) are called ema and esa, respectively, the\nsame word as used for ‘mother’ and ‘father’. The Kalamang kinship system\nis similar to an Iroquois kinship system (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a> for details). Everyone\nhas a surname. There are five surnames considered indigenous in Mas:\nGusek, Yarkuran, Yorkuran, Yorre and Wambur. People feel connected to\npeople with the same surname. Surnames are inherited from the father.\nMore information about kinship terms and terms of address can be found\nin §<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:incorp\" label=\"sec:incorp\"></span> Nouns can, and\nfrequently are, incorporated in the verb in Kalamang. Noun incorporation\nis a process whereby a verb is derived from the compounding of a noun\nand a verb , as introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:compounding\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compounding\">5.2.2</a>. Only objects can be\nincorporated in Kalamang, and incorporated objects are recognised by\ntheir lack of object marking and the fact that the compound is treated\nas one phonological word. It is a common but optional parallel strategy\nto having a full (case-marked, stress-carrying) object NP. \nIn 2018, a count of all incorporations in the Kalamang corpus was\nconducted for a larger typological study (published as, which also\nincludes more details on frequencies and verb semantics). In 11 hours of\ntranscribed recordings, 155 incorporations with 60 different nouns and\n53 different verbs were found. The most commonly incorporating verbs\nwere na ‘to consume’, jie ‘to get; to buy’, paruo ‘to make’, rep\n‘to get; to collect’ and suban ‘to fish’. The most commonly\nincorporated nouns, excluding don ‘thing’, which is always\nincorporated, were sor ‘fish’, ter ‘tea’, kai ‘firewood’, muap\n‘food’ and per ‘water’. Some examples are given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:incorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:incorp\">12.5</a>. Proportions of incorporations per\nverb were calculated. The top four were sair ‘to shoot’ (4 out of 4\noccurrences of this verb are incorporations), suban ‘to fish’ (10/11),\nna in the meaning ‘to drink’[^71] (24/29) and jie ‘to get; to\ncollect’ (12/24) . \n<div id=\"tab:incorp\"> \n\| incorporating <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \| examples \| \|\n\|:-----------------------------------------------\|:------------------------------------------------------------\|:----\|\n\| na ‘consume’ \| per-na ‘water-drink’, wat-na ‘coconut-eat’ \| \|\n\| jie ‘get; buy’ \| kabun-jie ‘innards-get’, tabai-jie ‘tobacco-buy’ \| \|\n\| paruo ‘make’ \| kurera-paruo ‘basket-make’, amdir-paruo ‘garden-make’ \| \|\n\| rep ‘get; collect’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, alangan-rep ‘trouble-get’ \| \|\n\| suban ‘fish’ \| tebol-suban ‘reef_edge-fish’ \| \|\n\| incorporated <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \| examples \| \|\n\| sor ‘fish’ \| sor-rur ‘fish-skewer’, sor-pasor ‘fish-fry’ \| \|\n\| ter ‘tea’ \| ter-na ‘tea-consume’, ter-garewor ‘tea-pour’ \| \|\n\| kai ‘firewood’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, kai-narorar ‘firewood-drag’ \| \|\n\| muap ‘food’ \| muap-ruon ‘food-cook’, muap-koya ‘food-plant’ \| \|\n\| per ‘water’ \| per-na ‘water-consume’, per-jie ‘water-collect’ \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \nMost commonly incorporating verbs and incorporated nouns. \n</div> \nWhile there is one noun that cannot be the object of a verb but instead\nmust be incorporated, don ‘thing’, there are also restrictions on\nwhich elements can be incorporated. Pronouns, demonstratives and\nmodified nouns cannot be incorporated. As for the verbs, intransitive\nverbs cannot incorporate. Incorporation can take place on verbs that are\npart of a complex predicate. Both the first and the second verb in such\na construction may incorporate, as\n(<a href=\"#exe:jiena\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:jiena\">[exe:jiena]</a>) and\n(<a href=\"#exe:bomuapruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bomuapruo\">[exe:bomuapruo]</a>) illustrate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin=a per-jie na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=foc</span> water-get drink\n‘We got and drank the water.’ <span id=\"exe:jiena\"\nlabel=\"exe:jiena\"></span> ma ... bo amdir=ka bo muap-ruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go food-dig\n‘She goes to the garden to dig up food.’ <span id=\"exe:bomuapruo\"\nlabel=\"exe:bomuapruo\"></span> \n</div> \nMany pairs of incorporated noun and verb are also found in the corpus as\nnormal pairs of object + verb. For those incorporations for which an\nobject + verb counterpart was not found in the corpus, it was checked\nwhether not incorporating that noun in that verb was allowed. This was\nthe case for all, except combinations with don ‘thing’, and the\ncombination of min ‘adam’s apple; liver’ and tolma ‘to cut’. The\nincorporation mintolma ‘to cut \\[the\\] throat’ is a fixed expression\nused as a curse, and must be incorporated (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a> on cursing for examples). \nIt is unclear what the semantic or pragmatic difference is between\nincorporated and non-incorporated noun-verb pairs, and thus it remains\nfor further research what guides the choice between incorporating or not\nincorporating. Some incorporations are more abstract expressions.\nTer-na ‘tea-consume’, for example, does not necessarily mean ‘drinking\ntea’, but can also mean ‘having breakfast’. Incorporations with tree\nnames and sara ‘to ascend’ mean ‘to climb that tree in order to\nharvest’. However, we also find object + verb pairs with the same nouns\nand verbs which also have the more abstract meanings, suggesting that\nincorporation is not a requirement for the abstract reading. This is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:terincorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terincorp\">[exe:terincorp]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>), the speaker first uses\nter ‘tea’ as the object and na ‘consume’ as the verb. Two turns\nlater, in(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), he incorporates ter into\nna with the same meaning, ‘to have breakfast’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:ternatnin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ternatnin\">[exe:ternatnin]</a>) shows that negation\ndoes not play a role in the difference\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), and that ter may be\nincorporated in na also when the verb is negated. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan tok ter=at nat=nin an se sontum=at gonggung\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> yet\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nperson=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> call\n‘I haven’t had breakfast yet, I’m already calling people.’\n<span id=\"exe:teratna\" label=\"exe:teratna\"></span> Nur an=at gonggung=te\ntok ter-na\nNur <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\ncall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> first tea-consume\n‘Nur calls me to have breakfast first.’ <span id=\"exe:terna\"\nlabel=\"exe:terna\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:terincorp\" label=\"exe:terincorp\"></span> mu muap ba mu\nter-nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> eat but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘They ate but they didn’t drink tea.’ <span id=\"exe:ternatnin\"\nlabel=\"exe:ternatnin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis is not a question of referentiality (singling out a new referent by\nmeans of a non-incorporated noun), as on several occasions in the corpus\nthe first mention of a referent is already incorporated. Other possible\nfactors, such as whether or not the verb was inflected for mood or\naspect, or the animacy or plurality of the referent, do not seem to have\nan effect on the choice of incorporation vs. no incorporation. From\nlooking at the corpus examples, the only factor that was found to play a\nrole in the choice between incorporation or no incorporation is\nrepetition in the same or adjacent turns. Whenever a speaker repeats\nthemselves or the words of another speaker, there seems to be a\nheightened chance of repeating the previously used construction. But\neven after three repetitions of bir-na ‘beer-consume’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:birnana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:birnana\">[exe:birnana]</a>), speaker A suddenly opts\nfor a non-incorporated bir ‘beer’. \nThe functions of reduplication of verbs are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:verbred\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbred\">[sec:verbred]</a>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: My liver/adam's apple/throat hurts.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Minan ning.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Minan ning.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "Ethnographic and socio-economic remarks", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "There is no previous ethnographic research conducted on Karas or the\nKalamang-speaking community. In this section, I share my own\nethnographic observations. All fieldwork was carried out in Mas, and\nthese ethnographic remarks are based on what I observed there,\nsupplemented by a cultural questionnaire I completed in 2019 with three\npeople from Mas.[^5] I have regularly visited Antalisa during all field\ntrips, and have no reason to believe that there are substantial\ndifferences between the villages. \nThe Kalamang-speaking community is largely comprised of fishermen and\nfarmers of nutmeg. They live in two villages, each with their own\nvillage head, following Indonesian social organisation. The kinship\nsystem is patrilineal. Close relationships, outside the nuclear family,\nare maintained with parents, aunts and uncles, and cousins. Resources\nare often pooled within the extended family for large undertakings like\nbuilding a house, or expensive events like tertiary education or\nmarriage. The woman is the head of the household, and the man is mainly\nresponsible for fishing. Nutmeg farming is an extended family business.\nThe inhabitants of Mas and Antalisa are Muslims, observing many Islamic\ncustoms, though mixing them with local ones. The majority live in\nconcrete houses roughly organized around a central square containing the\nvillage mosque. There is no known art. The skills for other material\nculture, such as woven products and canoes, are still practised but are\non the verge of being superseded by purchased modern materials. \nI have knowledge of rites connected to the following life events:\npregnancy, the first time a newborn leaves the house, the child’s first\nhaircut, circumcision, prenuptial negotiations, welcoming a new wife to\nthe island, marriage, the third day of marriage, entering other people’s\nhouses for the first time (for wives from outside the island), putting\nthe roof on a house, burial and memorials of a death. The following is a\nlist of recordings in the corpus where these rites are illustrated. The\ncode is a unique corpus tag. With help of this tag, the relevant\nrecordings and supplementary material like photographs can be found in\nthe corpus. An overview of all recordings can be found in the Appendix\non page. \n- prenuptial negotiations:\n[narr2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BCF-3) \n- welcoming a new wife (Tenggelele):\n[conv8](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D) \n- marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- third day of marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- putting the roof on a house:\n[narr3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD7-2) \n- burial: [conv7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC3-B) \n- death memorials:\n[narr1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD8-4) \nI have observed first-hand all the above-mentioned rituals with three\nexceptions: the rituals relating to entering someone’s house for the\nfirst time, pregnancy, and circumcision. Consultants have described\nthese as follows. \nWhen a wife from outside the island marries a man from Mas or Antalisa,\nshe cannot enter other people’s houses before the following ritual is\nperformed. The owners of the house must spread out a white cloth from\nthe entrance of their house, via which the woman enters. After that, she\nreceives another piece of cloth (typically an industrially-made\n“sarong”, a square piece or tube of cloth that can be worn wrapped\naround the waist). \nAt six months into a woman’s first pregnancy, one of her brothers ties a\nstring of pandanus leaf around her clothed belly and cuts it with a\nknife or scissors. This string is tied around a tree, e.g. a coconut\ntree, by the father-to-be, which is a sign that this tree now belongs to\nthe brother. The name of this ritual is koramtolma (koram has no\nindependent meaning; tolma means ‘to cut a string’). \nTwo other marked events are the bathing of the child at less than three\ndays after birth, and the bathing of the mother 40 days after giving\nbirth, after which the child may come out of the house (‘see the sun’)\nfor the first time. The first feeding of the child is also around this\ntime, and is accompanied by bestowing a name upon the child (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a> about names). The name is\nchosen by an older, respected community member. The child’s first\nhaircut is a festive gathering where a brother of the mother cuts off a\nbit of the child’s first hair. Attendees give money to the parents. The\nfirst haircut was traditionally observed in earlier times, but has only\nrecently become celebrated as a festive event. \nCircumcision is practised on both boys and girls when they are around\nnine years of age. The ritual is only attended and performed by people\nof the same sex as the child(ren) to be circumcised. Male circumcision\nis the cutting of the foreskin. It is unknown what female circumcision\non Karas consists of. The ritual is typically performed for more than\none child at the same time, and with inhabitants from both Kalamang- and\nUruangnirin-speaking villages combined. It is a big festive occasion\nthat is combined with dancing in the evening, comparable to marriages. \nDances are called nasula or tarian (Indonesian tarian; menari).\nConsultants report that people used to dance together in double pairs\n(two men and two women) lead by a foreman, but this practice has\ndisappeared. People dance on their own when performing traditional\ndances. The dances are accompanied by the beating of two types of drums\n(tiri, a flat drum with hide on top, hit with the hand, and tetetas,\na tall drum with hide on the side, hit with a stick), a gong and a\nflute. During my visits, no flute was available and a recording of the\nflute was played instead, while the drums were played live. Recordings\nof drumming and dancing are available in the corpus.[^6] Contemporary\ndancing (Indonesian joget) is mainly performed by adolescents to\ncontemporary Indonesian music and often takes the form of line-dancing\nor dancing in groups where everyone performs the same movements. \nAll rituals are accompanied by Islamic prayers, recited by the imam, who\nsits in front of a tray with a glass of cigarettes, betel leaves and\nincense. The prayers are joined by the men, and sometimes also the\nwomen. Another regular feature of rituals is a shared meal or tea. For\nboth prayers and the meal, it is common that the men sit in the guest\nreception room (the most important and biggest room of the house,\nlocated at the front, Indonesian ruang tamu) and the women and\nchildren are in the back of the house, close to the kitchen. This\npractice is not always strictly observed, and especially older women may\njoin the men in the front. A meal consists at least of coffee and tea\nserved with tea sweets (various cakes and fried tubers and banana), and\noften also includes warm food (rice and several fish and meat\naccompaniments). While people sit in a big rectangle on the floor along\nthe wall, the food is served in the middle of the room in a smaller\nsquare or rectangle, typically on a cloth or a banner on the floor. Food\nis served on evenly spaced plates, from which people serve to their own\nplates. Water is served in sealed plastic cups. Very sweet coffee and\ntea is served in glasses filled to the brim as a sign of respect (this\nalso applies to serving coffee and tea at home, whereas boiled water is\nthe norm to drink and serve at home).[^7] \nThe feeding of ancestors is practised when people want to build on a new\nsite, or get rid of pain or an illness they think they have contracted\nfrom a certain place (say a root that they stumbled over). I have not\nwitnessed this, but the ritual is described by consultants as follows.\nIn the house of the traditional authority (Indonesian tokoh adat), a\nplate is prepared with bits of betel nut, betel leaf, cooked fish,\ncoconut, tobacco, root vegetables or banana, rice, black cloth, cooking\noil and an egg. Sometimes prayers are read. The tokoh adat then takes\nthe plate to the place in question, or to a small rock in the sea in\nfront of Mas village (which is said to be related to the tokoh adat’s\nancestors), and confers with the ancestors (without speaking out loud).\nFor particularly important matters, a freshly washed white chicken may\nbe brought to the place in question, where its throat is cut and its\nblood is spread. The chicken is then buried in the middle of the area\nwhere the blood was spread. \nMany people file their teeth as adolescents or young adults. It is\nunknown why. Tattoos and piercings are not allowed, but reports tattoos\non the chest and scarifications of crosses on the arms and shoulders.\nOne consultant says body paint was used in former times during war and\nhongi raids. Men wear their hair short and women long. Most people go\nbareheaded, but cover their heads on formal and religious occasions.\nPeople wear contemporary Indonesian attire. On formal, festive and\nreligious occasions this means a sarong, shirt and black cap (Indonesian\nsongkok) for men, and a sarong, blouse (Indonesian kebaya) and\nheadcloth for women. While some of the older women wear headcloths that\nonly cover the hair, most younger women choose to wear a tight-fitting\nhijab. \nThe main religion in Mas and Antalisa is Islam. While daily prayers\nafter sunset are only attended by a handful of pious men in Mas, the\nmidday Friday prayers are attended by most men and boys. Women are\nhardly seen in the mosque. Most children take lessons in learning to\nread Arabic and recite prayers for several years. Gatherings for\nblessing prayers (Indonesian doa selamat) are very common, and are\nheld for blessing e.g. new boats, children who are about to take an\nexam, people who are about to set off on a long journey, etc. Although\nthere are many wild pigs on Karas, no one eats pork. On Thursdays in the\nlate afternoon, prayers for the dead are recited in several homes, after\nwhich a visit to the graves is paid. \nIslam probably arrived on the island around the time when it fell under\nthe sultanate of Tidore, which existed from 1450 to 1904. J.C. Keyts,\nwho visited the Karas Islands in 1678, describes the inhabitants as\nheathens . In 1872, when J.G. Coorengel visited, the inhabitants of at\nleast Faor are described as Muslims . There might have been an\nin-between stage when only leaders were converted . The oldest people in\nMas confirm that their grandparents were Muslims as well. The Islamic\nreligion, as in many places in Indonesia, is mixed with local customs .\nAn example of this are the small offerings that accompany prayer\nrecital, usually in the form of betel nuts, cigarettes, betel leaves and\nsometimes pastries. \nKalamang people residing on the island have two main sources of income:\nfishing and the production of nutmeg and mace (from Myristica\nargentea). While some people have small businesses selling their fish\nin Fakfak on an irregular basis, most people sell their fish to a\nBalinese trading company that has a storage place for live fish floating\nin the water close to Antalisa or Mas . Species sold are groupers\n(Plectropomus leopardus, areolatus, maculatus and oligacanthus,\nCromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and mixed groupers,\naccording to ) and lobsters (Panulirus versicolor). Different kinds of\ndried trepang (species unknown) are sold in Fakfak. Kalamang people may\nfish anywhere in Karas district waters, although people have their\npreferred spots for finding certain fish. People may set up temporary\ncamps on beaches close to lobster-diving places, to collect lobsters\nover several days before selling. A semi-permanent camp, where people\nmay reside for up to several months, is Timi Nepnep in the southern part\nof Sebakor Bay (on the New Guinea mainland). Outsiders who want to fish\nin Karas waters[^8] must ask permission from one of the village heads. \nNutmeg and mace are planted in family gardens behind the white sand\nbeaches on the big Karas island. These gardens are inherited by the\neldest son, who must divide the land among the siblings, though men\ninherit more than women. One may only harvest one’s own nutmeg. Nutmeg\nand mace are sold to traders in Fakfak, the regency capital. Between\ntheir nutmeg plantations and the white sand beaches, people plant\ncoconut trees. These are mainly harvested for personal use. People also\nuse their land to source firewood and collect wild edible things such as\nTahitian chestnuts (Inocarpus fagifer). Some people have a vegetable\ngarden which may or may not be on the same beach as their nutmeg\nplantation. This is for personal use or to sell produce on a small scale\nto people in the village. The crops planted in gardens are typically\nmaize, tomato, aubergine, beans, root vegetables, several banana species\nand various leafy greens. The gardens are usually kept by couples. \nBesides a health station (Indonesian puskesmas), a community building\nand a mosque, both Mas and Antalisa have a primary school with six\ngrades. In Mas, the head of the school is currently a civil servant\ndeployed from his native Sulawesi. A group of two to four teachers,\nmostly local people, teach in the three classrooms. For junior high,\nchildren move to Malakuli or Fakfak. Although the official statistics\nfor Fakfak regency report a 99% school participation level, I estimate\nthe level to be a little lower, at least in Mas, where several children\nwere out of school during my visits. Those people who complete higher\neducation move to work in the district capital Malakuli, in Fakfak, or\nelsewhere in Indonesia. The only Karas-born person with higher education\nliving in Mas is one of the school teachers. \nChildren’s work consists of small jobs like getting water from the well,\nsweeping the floor and, for girls, washing clothes. Line fishing from\nthe dock is a common activity for both boys and girls, as well as female\nadolescents. Adolescent boys join their fathers fishing and diving.\nWomen may also join their husbands to assist in fishing and diving, and\nmay also be seen fishing from the dock at night, fishing from small\npaddle canoes, or searching for shells at low tide. Night fishing at low\ntide seems to be a men’s activity. Other men’s tasks are constructing\nhouses, repairing machines, maintaining canoes and chopping firewood.\nWomen are responsible for cleaning, cooking, gardening and washing.\nHandicrafts such as weaving baskets and mats are also practised by\nwomen, but many of the women under 40 no longer have these skills, as\ncheap plastic replacements for these items are now available. In the\nnutmeg plantations much of the work is joint, although it is the men who\nclimb the trees to pluck the nutmeg (with the help of a bamboo stick\nwith a barb on it), while the women gather the fruits on the ground and\nsplit them open. \nAlthough some of the rituals described earlier seem to suggest that\nKalamang society has a custom of marrying women and not men from outside\nthe island, both variants of exogamy are currently practised. Kalamang\npeople have intermarried with people from Java, the Moluccas (especially\nGorom), Sulawesi (especially Bugis and Muna) and closer islands such as\nthe Kei islands and the other Karas Islands. This process has been going\non for at least several decades, with one of my oldest consultants\nhaving a Buginese father. The reason many partners come from the same\nareas in Indonesia is that these people may suggest new partners from\ntheir home town for Kalamang people looking for a suitable partner.\nEndogamy is also allowed and, judging from the different terms for\ncross-cousins (korapmur, who can be married), and parallel cousins\n(dudanmur, who count as siblings and cannot be married) this has also\nbeen tradition. Polygamy is permitted but is not currently practised.\nBridewealth must be paid by the groom’s side to the bride’s side. This\nmay range from several million rupiah to several dozen million rupiah,\ndepending on the wealth of the family and status of the people to be\nmarried. A village marriage usually does not involve more than 10\nmillion rupiah (approximately € 600), but the bridewealth for a city\nmarriage between high earners with high-status jobs (such as civil\nservant or business owner) may approach 100 million rupiah\n(approximately € 6000). It is mainly the bride’s family’s responsibility\nto organise and pay for the wedding, but the groom’s family may help\nwith this as well. \nPeople live in large concrete or (increasingly rare) wooden houses with\none or sometimes two nuclear families, often accompanied by\n(grand)parents and sometimes unmarried siblings of the parents. It is\nalso common to live together with an adopted child if one is childless\n(typically the child of a sibling of the caretaker) or if the child is\nan orphan. Nieces and nephews are considered children by their aunts and\nuncles. Aunts and uncles of the same sex as the parent (mother’s sisters\nand father’s brothers) are called ema and esa, respectively, the\nsame word as used for ‘mother’ and ‘father’. The Kalamang kinship system\nis similar to an Iroquois kinship system (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a> for details). Everyone\nhas a surname. There are five surnames considered indigenous in Mas:\nGusek, Yarkuran, Yorkuran, Yorre and Wambur. People feel connected to\npeople with the same surname. Surnames are inherited from the father.\nMore information about kinship terms and terms of address can be found\nin §<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Verbs", "Header 2": "Verb derivation", "Header 3": "Noun incorporation", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:incorp\" label=\"sec:incorp\"></span> Nouns can, and\nfrequently are, incorporated in the verb in Kalamang. Noun incorporation\nis a process whereby a verb is derived from the compounding of a noun\nand a verb , as introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:compounding\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compounding\">5.2.2</a>. Only objects can be\nincorporated in Kalamang, and incorporated objects are recognised by\ntheir lack of object marking and the fact that the compound is treated\nas one phonological word. It is a common but optional parallel strategy\nto having a full (case-marked, stress-carrying) object NP. \nIn 2018, a count of all incorporations in the Kalamang corpus was\nconducted for a larger typological study (published as, which also\nincludes more details on frequencies and verb semantics). In 11 hours of\ntranscribed recordings, 155 incorporations with 60 different nouns and\n53 different verbs were found. The most commonly incorporating verbs\nwere na ‘to consume’, jie ‘to get; to buy’, paruo ‘to make’, rep\n‘to get; to collect’ and suban ‘to fish’. The most commonly\nincorporated nouns, excluding don ‘thing’, which is always\nincorporated, were sor ‘fish’, ter ‘tea’, kai ‘firewood’, muap\n‘food’ and per ‘water’. Some examples are given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:incorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:incorp\">12.5</a>. Proportions of incorporations per\nverb were calculated. The top four were sair ‘to shoot’ (4 out of 4\noccurrences of this verb are incorporations), suban ‘to fish’ (10/11),\nna in the meaning ‘to drink’[^71] (24/29) and jie ‘to get; to\ncollect’ (12/24) . \n<div id=\"tab:incorp\"> \n\| incorporating <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \| examples \| \|\n\|:-----------------------------------------------\|:------------------------------------------------------------\|:----\|\n\| na ‘consume’ \| per-na ‘water-drink’, wat-na ‘coconut-eat’ \| \|\n\| jie ‘get; buy’ \| kabun-jie ‘innards-get’, tabai-jie ‘tobacco-buy’ \| \|\n\| paruo ‘make’ \| kurera-paruo ‘basket-make’, amdir-paruo ‘garden-make’ \| \|\n\| rep ‘get; collect’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, alangan-rep ‘trouble-get’ \| \|\n\| suban ‘fish’ \| tebol-suban ‘reef_edge-fish’ \| \|\n\| incorporated <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \| examples \| \|\n\| sor ‘fish’ \| sor-rur ‘fish-skewer’, sor-pasor ‘fish-fry’ \| \|\n\| ter ‘tea’ \| ter-na ‘tea-consume’, ter-garewor ‘tea-pour’ \| \|\n\| kai ‘firewood’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, kai-narorar ‘firewood-drag’ \| \|\n\| muap ‘food’ \| muap-ruon ‘food-cook’, muap-koya ‘food-plant’ \| \|\n\| per ‘water’ \| per-na ‘water-consume’, per-jie ‘water-collect’ \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \nMost commonly incorporating verbs and incorporated nouns. \n</div> \nWhile there is one noun that cannot be the object of a verb but instead\nmust be incorporated, don ‘thing’, there are also restrictions on\nwhich elements can be incorporated. Pronouns, demonstratives and\nmodified nouns cannot be incorporated. As for the verbs, intransitive\nverbs cannot incorporate. Incorporation can take place on verbs that are\npart of a complex predicate. Both the first and the second verb in such\na construction may incorporate, as\n(<a href=\"#exe:jiena\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:jiena\">[exe:jiena]</a>) and\n(<a href=\"#exe:bomuapruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bomuapruo\">[exe:bomuapruo]</a>) illustrate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin=a per-jie na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=foc</span> water-get drink\n‘We got and drank the water.’ <span id=\"exe:jiena\"\nlabel=\"exe:jiena\"></span> ma ... bo amdir=ka bo muap-ruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go food-dig\n‘She goes to the garden to dig up food.’ <span id=\"exe:bomuapruo\"\nlabel=\"exe:bomuapruo\"></span> \n</div> \nMany pairs of incorporated noun and verb are also found in the corpus as\nnormal pairs of object + verb. For those incorporations for which an\nobject + verb counterpart was not found in the corpus, it was checked\nwhether not incorporating that noun in that verb was allowed. This was\nthe case for all, except combinations with don ‘thing’, and the\ncombination of min ‘adam’s apple; liver’ and tolma ‘to cut’. The\nincorporation mintolma ‘to cut \\[the\\] throat’ is a fixed expression\nused as a curse, and must be incorporated (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a> on cursing for examples). \nIt is unclear what the semantic or pragmatic difference is between\nincorporated and non-incorporated noun-verb pairs, and thus it remains\nfor further research what guides the choice between incorporating or not\nincorporating. Some incorporations are more abstract expressions.\nTer-na ‘tea-consume’, for example, does not necessarily mean ‘drinking\ntea’, but can also mean ‘having breakfast’. Incorporations with tree\nnames and sara ‘to ascend’ mean ‘to climb that tree in order to\nharvest’. However, we also find object + verb pairs with the same nouns\nand verbs which also have the more abstract meanings, suggesting that\nincorporation is not a requirement for the abstract reading. This is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:terincorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terincorp\">[exe:terincorp]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>), the speaker first uses\nter ‘tea’ as the object and na ‘consume’ as the verb. Two turns\nlater, in(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), he incorporates ter into\nna with the same meaning, ‘to have breakfast’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:ternatnin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ternatnin\">[exe:ternatnin]</a>) shows that negation\ndoes not play a role in the difference\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), and that ter may be\nincorporated in na also when the verb is negated. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan tok ter=at nat=nin an se sontum=at gonggung\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> yet\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nperson=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> call\n‘I haven’t had breakfast yet, I’m already calling people.’\n<span id=\"exe:teratna\" label=\"exe:teratna\"></span> Nur an=at gonggung=te\ntok ter-na\nNur <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\ncall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> first tea-consume\n‘Nur calls me to have breakfast first.’ <span id=\"exe:terna\"\nlabel=\"exe:terna\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:terincorp\" label=\"exe:terincorp\"></span> mu muap ba mu\nter-nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> eat but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘They ate but they didn’t drink tea.’ <span id=\"exe:ternatnin\"\nlabel=\"exe:ternatnin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis is not a question of referentiality (singling out a new referent by\nmeans of a non-incorporated noun), as on several occasions in the corpus\nthe first mention of a referent is already incorporated. Other possible\nfactors, such as whether or not the verb was inflected for mood or\naspect, or the animacy or plurality of the referent, do not seem to have\nan effect on the choice of incorporation vs. no incorporation. From\nlooking at the corpus examples, the only factor that was found to play a\nrole in the choice between incorporation or no incorporation is\nrepetition in the same or adjacent turns. Whenever a speaker repeats\nthemselves or the words of another speaker, there seems to be a\nheightened chance of repeating the previously used construction. But\neven after three repetitions of bir-na ‘beer-consume’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:birnana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:birnana\">[exe:birnana]</a>), speaker A suddenly opts\nfor a non-incorporated bir ‘beer’. \nThe functions of reduplication of verbs are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:verbred\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbred\">[sec:verbred]</a>." } ], "index": 2, "level": "low_resource", "question": "My liver/adam's apple/throat hurts.", "split": "train" }
Nabil emun anbon garung ba ma anat kosilep.	Nabil's mother is talking to me but she's turning her back to me.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Nabil's mother is talking to me but she's turning her back to me.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Nabil\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: boil\nKalamang translation: nasomit; sabet; laur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Nabil\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: until\nKalamang translation: bo; sampai; sampi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: greatgrandmother\nKalamang translation: ninanus; tataninanus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mother\nKalamang translation: ema\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"talking\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: talk together\nKalamang translation: garung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"talking\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: falling and making a sound\nKalamang translation: pukmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"me\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: month name\nKalamang translation: hajiwak; robaherpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"me\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: name\nKalamang translation: in\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"but\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: butterfly\nKalamang translation: pulpul\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"but\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: but\nKalamang translation: ba; tapi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"she\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: shelf\nKalamang translation: rak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"she\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cone shell\nKalamang translation: salawei\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"turning\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: morning\nKalamang translation: naupar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"turning\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fire burning\nKalamang translation: susur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"her\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weight watcher\nKalamang translation: kibibal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"her\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: higher\nKalamang translation: lebe\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"back\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: turn back to\nKalamang translation: kosilep\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"back\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: back\nKalamang translation: ep; silep; suol; or\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"me\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: month name\nKalamang translation: hajiwak; robaherpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"me\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: name\nKalamang translation: in\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Nabil\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's mother and friends buy beans to cook porridge to give to the kids.\nKalamang translation: Nabil emun mu kawuokjie bubirkuarte di tumtumgin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Nabil\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil is plagued by mucus.\nKalamang translation: Nabil marur mat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother lost weight, she's small.\nKalamang translation: Saiilima emun kadenun tur, kaden cicaun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.\nKalamang translation: Tamandi emun kiwat semda bo dalangdalang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"talking\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We all sit talking.\nKalamang translation: Inaninggan melelu ewa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"talking\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He is talking with Yaban's father.\nKalamang translation: Mier Yaban esaunbona garunggarung.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"me\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A canoe came from Fakfak with many people.\nKalamang translation: Et kon Pakpaka mahara, sontum imbuang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"me\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rustam's grandmother spit on me by accident.\nKalamang translation: Rustam taraun anat salai koalom.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"but\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: This day, it was already late afternoon but the lamps weren't lighted.\nKalamang translation: Yuol wa me go he girgir lampur tok yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"but\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to dry clothes but it's cloudy.\nKalamang translation: An dodonara masatkin ba go git git.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"she\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother's tub is broken, she wants to wash clothes but she can't.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun bintangun se parair ma dodonwaruotkin ba eranun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"she\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's mother is heating banana leaves, she wants to make a \"lamet\".\nKalamang translation: Ruslan emuna imolat balare lamerat paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"turning\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: (We are) burning ironwood leftovers and the flames are rising.\nKalamang translation: Suar pespesat komarukta din se bo paras.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"turning\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The fire was burning and she pushed it aside.\nKalamang translation: Din susurta ma dikolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"her\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother was drying her sarong and it flew off.\nKalamang translation: Salima emun kadounat masara ma lele.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"her\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sara is affected by kaman-disease, her lips are sore.\nKalamang translation: Sara kaman mat paruo bolun patiwatin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"back\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He went to land, and brought his brother back (seawards).\nKalamang translation: Ma he mara adiunat kuru marua.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"back\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun gave back his shirt to Jikri.\nKalamang translation: Alun ladanunat namasuk Jikri kongga.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"me\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A canoe came from Fakfak with many people.\nKalamang translation: Et kon Pakpaka mahara, sontum imbuang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"me\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rustam's grandmother spit on me by accident.\nKalamang translation: Rustam taraun anat salai koalom.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThere are two elements, a clitic and a word, that mark when a\nproposition is repeated. They can be combined. \nThe clitic =taet ‘more; again’, which is attached to the predicate,\nindicates that the proposition is repeated, continued or extended. It\nalmost invariably co-occurs with koi ‘again’, which is further\nillustrated below. (<a href=\"#exe:taet1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:taet1\">[exe:taet1]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:taet2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:taet2\">[exe:taet2]</a>) show =taet together with\nkoi. In the latter, the meaning conveyed is slightly more that of\nrepetition than of continuation. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma koi baran=taet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> then descend=more\n‘Then he goes further down.’ <span id=\"exe:taet1\"\nlabel=\"exe:taet1\"></span> ibu nawanggar in koi sanggaran=taet\nmiss wait <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> again search=again\n‘Miss waits and we search again.’ <span id=\"exe:taet2\"\nlabel=\"exe:taet2\"></span> ma se kamera nerun=ka keluar=taet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncamera inside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> exit-again\n‘She already went out of (the view of) the camera again.’ \n</div> \nIn a few cases, =taet is also found on pronouns, when the actor is in\nfocus rather than the action.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:taet3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:taet3\">[exe:taet3]</a>), where the speaker and the\naddressee are taking turns describing objects, the speaker encliticises\n=taet to the pronoun, because the focus is on who is talking. (Cf.\nEnglish ‘Now YOU again speak’ vs. ‘Now you SPEAK again’). Similarly,\nin(<a href=\"#exe:andaet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:andaet\">[exe:andaet]</a>), which is take from a\nstory about a monkey and a cuscus who keep switching places in a boat,\nthe focus is on the pronoun an ‘I’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka=taet ewa=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>=again\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘You speak again.’ <span id=\"exe:taet3\" label=\"exe:taet3\"></span> ka me\nor=ko an=taet bo sabar=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nstern=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>=again go\nbow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘You are at the stern, I again go to the bow.’ <span id=\"exe:andaet\"\nlabel=\"exe:andaet\"></span> \n</div> \nKoi ‘again’ indicates repetition of an event. Its placement is\nvariable. In(<a href=\"#exe:koi1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:koi1\">[exe:koi1]</a>), koi precedes the object and\nthe verb, but in(<a href=\"#exe:koi2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:koi2\">[exe:koi2]</a>) it follows the object and\nprecedes the verb. In clauses without object, such\nas(<a href=\"#exe:koi3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:koi3\">[exe:koi3]</a>), koi is between the subject\nand the verb. Koi always follows aspectual markers se and tok. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma koi kaluar ma koi kiun=at tu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again exit\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nhit\n‘\\[If\\] he goes out again he’ll hit his wife again.’ <span id=\"exe:koi1\"\nlabel=\"exe:koi1\"></span> an se mat koi pouk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> again carry_on_back\n‘I carried him on my back again.’ <span id=\"exe:koi2\"\nlabel=\"exe:koi2\"></span> go_dung inier se koi bot\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> again go\n‘In the morning we left again.’ <span id=\"exe:koi3\"\nlabel=\"exe:koi3\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:nomclau\" label=\"sec:nomclau\"></span> In nominal clauses, a\nNP headed by a noun functions as a predicate. Nominal clauses typically\nconsist of two juxtaposed NPs, expressing an identity relationship\nbetween them. These clauses can also be called equational clauses. I\nanalyse the first NP as the subject and the second NP as the predicate\nbased on the fact that arguments typically precede the predicate in\nKalamang. (<a href=\"#exe:konguru\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konguru\">[exe:konguru]</a>) contains two nominal\nclauses expressing someone’s occupation,\nand(<a href=\"#exe:paskel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paskel\">[exe:paskel]</a>) the subject NP is headed\nby in ‘name’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon<sub>S</sub> se guru<sub>Pred</sub>, tumtum kon<sub>S</sub>\nguru<sub>Pred</sub>\none <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> teacher children one teacher\n‘One is already teacher, one child is teacher.’ <span id=\"exe:konguru\"\nlabel=\"exe:konguru\"></span> dun-un in-un<sub>S</sub> pas\nKelengkeleng<sub>Pred</sub>\nopposite_sex_sibling-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nname-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> woman Kelengkeleng\n‘His sibling’s name was “Kelengkeleng woman”.’ <span id=\"exe:paskel\"\nlabel=\"exe:paskel\"></span> \n</div> \nThe predicate NP in nominal clauses may also be a possessive pronoun. An\nexample is given in(<a href=\"#exe:hakin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hakin\">[exe:hakin]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkarena hak inggon\nbecause task <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl.poss</span>\n‘Because the task is ours.’ <span id=\"exe:hakin\"\nlabel=\"exe:hakin\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough nominal clauses may occur without topic marker me\n(§<a href=\"#sec:discme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discme\">[sec:discme]</a>), frequently they have one.\n(<a href=\"#exe:rarait\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rarait\">[exe:rarait]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:kamanget\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kamanget\">[exe:kamanget]</a>) show two nominal\nclauses with me in between the subject and the predicate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNema namun me sontum Rarait\nNema husband.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> person Seram\n‘Nema’s husband is Seramese.’ <span id=\"exe:rarait\"\nlabel=\"exe:rarait\"></span> Moktar esun me kamanget\nMoktar father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> medicine_man\n‘Moktar’s father is a medicine man.’ <span id=\"exe:kamanget\"\nlabel=\"exe:kamanget\"></span> \n</div> \nIn equational clauses (also known as identifying clauses), a distinction\ncan be made between clauses of proper inclusion (where the second NP\ndescribes a set of items, also known as ascriptive clauses) and\ncompletely equational clauses. The two clause types are different in\nthat in completely equational clauses the two NPs can be swapped,\nwhereas this is impossible for the ascriptive clauses. This is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:realeq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:realeq\">[exe:realeq]</a>) for a completely\nequational clause, where the two NPs are entirely coreferential and thus\ncan be switched without problems.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:propincl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:propincl\">[exe:propincl]</a>), a proper inclusive\nclause is given, where the first NP in example a (a schoolmaster) is\npart of the set in the second NP (Butonese men). Switching is\nungrammatical. Otherwise, clauses of proper inclusion and completely\nequational clauses are syntactically the same. Note that also in these\nexamples, me may be left out. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nSebi kiun (me) Kalamang emun\nSebi wife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Kalamang\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘Sebi’s wife is Kalamang’s mother. Kalamang emun (me) Sebi kiun\nKalamang mother <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Sebi\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘Kalamang’s mother is Sebi’s wife.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:realeq\" label=\"exe:realeq\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:propincl\" label=\"exe:propincl\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Nabil's mother is talking to me but she's turning her back to me.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Nabil emun anbon garung ba ma anat kosilep.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Nabil emun anbon garung ba ma anat kosilep.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Adverbial modifiers", "Header 3": "More, again", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "There are two elements, a clitic and a word, that mark when a\nproposition is repeated. They can be combined. \nThe clitic =taet ‘more; again’, which is attached to the predicate,\nindicates that the proposition is repeated, continued or extended. It\nalmost invariably co-occurs with koi ‘again’, which is further\nillustrated below. (<a href=\"#exe:taet1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:taet1\">[exe:taet1]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:taet2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:taet2\">[exe:taet2]</a>) show =taet together with\nkoi. In the latter, the meaning conveyed is slightly more that of\nrepetition than of continuation. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma koi baran=taet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> then descend=more\n‘Then he goes further down.’ <span id=\"exe:taet1\"\nlabel=\"exe:taet1\"></span> ibu nawanggar in koi sanggaran=taet\nmiss wait <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> again search=again\n‘Miss waits and we search again.’ <span id=\"exe:taet2\"\nlabel=\"exe:taet2\"></span> ma se kamera nerun=ka keluar=taet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncamera inside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> exit-again\n‘She already went out of (the view of) the camera again.’ \n</div> \nIn a few cases, =taet is also found on pronouns, when the actor is in\nfocus rather than the action.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:taet3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:taet3\">[exe:taet3]</a>), where the speaker and the\naddressee are taking turns describing objects, the speaker encliticises\n=taet to the pronoun, because the focus is on who is talking. (Cf.\nEnglish ‘Now YOU again speak’ vs. ‘Now you SPEAK again’). Similarly,\nin(<a href=\"#exe:andaet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:andaet\">[exe:andaet]</a>), which is take from a\nstory about a monkey and a cuscus who keep switching places in a boat,\nthe focus is on the pronoun an ‘I’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka=taet ewa=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>=again\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘You speak again.’ <span id=\"exe:taet3\" label=\"exe:taet3\"></span> ka me\nor=ko an=taet bo sabar=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nstern=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>=again go\nbow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘You are at the stern, I again go to the bow.’ <span id=\"exe:andaet\"\nlabel=\"exe:andaet\"></span> \n</div> \nKoi ‘again’ indicates repetition of an event. Its placement is\nvariable. In(<a href=\"#exe:koi1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:koi1\">[exe:koi1]</a>), koi precedes the object and\nthe verb, but in(<a href=\"#exe:koi2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:koi2\">[exe:koi2]</a>) it follows the object and\nprecedes the verb. In clauses without object, such\nas(<a href=\"#exe:koi3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:koi3\">[exe:koi3]</a>), koi is between the subject\nand the verb. Koi always follows aspectual markers se and tok. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma koi kaluar ma koi kiun=at tu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again exit\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nhit\n‘\\[If\\] he goes out again he’ll hit his wife again.’ <span id=\"exe:koi1\"\nlabel=\"exe:koi1\"></span> an se mat koi pouk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> again carry_on_back\n‘I carried him on my back again.’ <span id=\"exe:koi2\"\nlabel=\"exe:koi2\"></span> go_dung inier se koi bot\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> again go\n‘In the morning we left again.’ <span id=\"exe:koi3\"\nlabel=\"exe:koi3\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "The clause", "Header 2": "Non-verbal clauses", "Header 3": "Nominal clauses", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:nomclau\" label=\"sec:nomclau\"></span> In nominal clauses, a\nNP headed by a noun functions as a predicate. Nominal clauses typically\nconsist of two juxtaposed NPs, expressing an identity relationship\nbetween them. These clauses can also be called equational clauses. I\nanalyse the first NP as the subject and the second NP as the predicate\nbased on the fact that arguments typically precede the predicate in\nKalamang. (<a href=\"#exe:konguru\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konguru\">[exe:konguru]</a>) contains two nominal\nclauses expressing someone’s occupation,\nand(<a href=\"#exe:paskel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paskel\">[exe:paskel]</a>) the subject NP is headed\nby in ‘name’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon<sub>S</sub> se guru<sub>Pred</sub>, tumtum kon<sub>S</sub>\nguru<sub>Pred</sub>\none <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> teacher children one teacher\n‘One is already teacher, one child is teacher.’ <span id=\"exe:konguru\"\nlabel=\"exe:konguru\"></span> dun-un in-un<sub>S</sub> pas\nKelengkeleng<sub>Pred</sub>\nopposite_sex_sibling-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nname-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> woman Kelengkeleng\n‘His sibling’s name was “Kelengkeleng woman”.’ <span id=\"exe:paskel\"\nlabel=\"exe:paskel\"></span> \n</div> \nThe predicate NP in nominal clauses may also be a possessive pronoun. An\nexample is given in(<a href=\"#exe:hakin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hakin\">[exe:hakin]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkarena hak inggon\nbecause task <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl.poss</span>\n‘Because the task is ours.’ <span id=\"exe:hakin\"\nlabel=\"exe:hakin\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough nominal clauses may occur without topic marker me\n(§<a href=\"#sec:discme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discme\">[sec:discme]</a>), frequently they have one.\n(<a href=\"#exe:rarait\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rarait\">[exe:rarait]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:kamanget\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kamanget\">[exe:kamanget]</a>) show two nominal\nclauses with me in between the subject and the predicate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNema namun me sontum Rarait\nNema husband.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> person Seram\n‘Nema’s husband is Seramese.’ <span id=\"exe:rarait\"\nlabel=\"exe:rarait\"></span> Moktar esun me kamanget\nMoktar father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> medicine_man\n‘Moktar’s father is a medicine man.’ <span id=\"exe:kamanget\"\nlabel=\"exe:kamanget\"></span> \n</div> \nIn equational clauses (also known as identifying clauses), a distinction\ncan be made between clauses of proper inclusion (where the second NP\ndescribes a set of items, also known as ascriptive clauses) and\ncompletely equational clauses. The two clause types are different in\nthat in completely equational clauses the two NPs can be swapped,\nwhereas this is impossible for the ascriptive clauses. This is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:realeq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:realeq\">[exe:realeq]</a>) for a completely\nequational clause, where the two NPs are entirely coreferential and thus\ncan be switched without problems.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:propincl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:propincl\">[exe:propincl]</a>), a proper inclusive\nclause is given, where the first NP in example a (a schoolmaster) is\npart of the set in the second NP (Butonese men). Switching is\nungrammatical. Otherwise, clauses of proper inclusion and completely\nequational clauses are syntactically the same. Note that also in these\nexamples, me may be left out. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nSebi kiun (me) Kalamang emun\nSebi wife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Kalamang\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘Sebi’s wife is Kalamang’s mother. Kalamang emun (me) Sebi kiun\nKalamang mother <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Sebi\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘Kalamang’s mother is Sebi’s wife.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:realeq\" label=\"exe:realeq\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:propincl\" label=\"exe:propincl\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 3, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Nabil's mother is talking to me but she's turning her back to me.", "split": "train" }
Ka nebara bonasausau reba?	What are you doing?	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: What are you doing?\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"What\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: hat\nKalamang translation: saraun; sepe\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"What\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like that\nKalamang translation: mendak; mindi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"you\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: you know\nKalamang translation: kan; to\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"you\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"doing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: seedling\nKalamang translation: iun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"doing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"What\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: What kind of fish is pecking?\nKalamang translation: Nebasora natuka?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"you\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'll eat you whole.\nKalamang translation: An kat nani maoyet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"you\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I don't want to go in the front, you go first.\nKalamang translation: An sukaun boraratnin, ka borarei.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"doing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm doing the dishes noisily.\nKalamang translation: An pinganat waruo ar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:inittermconv\" label=\"sec:inittermconv\"></span> Here, I\npresent a handful of formulaic expressions or standardised phrases,\nparticularly those relating to initiating and terminating a\nconversation. \nThere are no indigenous daytime-related greetings, such as ‘good\nmorning’, although calques from Malay can be heard (e.g. selamat go\ndung ‘good morning’, cf. Malay selamat pagi ‘good morning’).[^98]\nInstead, it is common to ask nebara paruo ‘what are you doing?’ or\ntamanggara bot/yecie ‘where are you going/returning from?’ upon\nmeeting someone. In the following example, the speaker acts out an\nimagined conversation between herself, sitting in front of her house\nhulling rice, and a passer-by. She asks the imaginary passer-by where\nthey are going. The appropriate response can be an actual destination,\nbut it is equally acceptable to say ge mera ‘nothing’, in this context\n‘nowhere’, which indicates one doesn’t deem their destination worth\nmentioning. The imaginary passer-by then asks her what she’s doing. She\nresponds with ge mera ‘nothing’, followed by a specification of what\nshe is actually doing: picking the husks out of rice. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:convquest\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:convquest\">[sec:convquest]</a> for more examples. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tamangga=ta bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo\n‘Where are you going?’ ge_mera ka neba=at=a paruo\nnothing <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> do\n‘Nowhere. What are you doing?’ ge_mera in pasa-kajie=teba\nnothing <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nrice-pick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘Nothing, we’re rice-picking.’ \n</div> \n</div> \nPermission to leave the conversation proceeds as follows: \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ansebott\" label=\"exe:ansebott\"></span> \n<span id=\"exe:botee\" label=\"exe:botee\"></span> \n</div> \nThanking may be done with terima kasi(h). This Malay loan, like\ndaytime greetings, is not very common.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nKalamang has a common and versatile topic marker me and two focus\nmarkers =a and =ba. The topic marker typically follows the NP or PP\nand the focus markers attach to the NP or PP. The most typical uses are\nillustrated here. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ncanam me me ma kip=at sem\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nsnake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> afraid\n‘As for that man, he is afraid of snakes.’ canam me me kip=at sem\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nsnake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> afraid\n‘That man is afraid of snakes.’ ka neba=at=a paruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> do\n‘What are you doing?’ \n</div> \nTopic and focus are described in\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:inf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:inf\">[ch:inf]</a>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: What are you doing?\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Ka nebara bonasausau reba?", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Ka nebara bonasausau reba?", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "Formulaic expressions", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:inittermconv\" label=\"sec:inittermconv\"></span> Here, I\npresent a handful of formulaic expressions or standardised phrases,\nparticularly those relating to initiating and terminating a\nconversation. \nThere are no indigenous daytime-related greetings, such as ‘good\nmorning’, although calques from Malay can be heard (e.g. selamat go\ndung ‘good morning’, cf. Malay selamat pagi ‘good morning’).[^98]\nInstead, it is common to ask nebara paruo ‘what are you doing?’ or\ntamanggara bot/yecie ‘where are you going/returning from?’ upon\nmeeting someone. In the following example, the speaker acts out an\nimagined conversation between herself, sitting in front of her house\nhulling rice, and a passer-by. She asks the imaginary passer-by where\nthey are going. The appropriate response can be an actual destination,\nbut it is equally acceptable to say ge mera ‘nothing’, in this context\n‘nowhere’, which indicates one doesn’t deem their destination worth\nmentioning. The imaginary passer-by then asks her what she’s doing. She\nresponds with ge mera ‘nothing’, followed by a specification of what\nshe is actually doing: picking the husks out of rice. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:convquest\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:convquest\">[sec:convquest]</a> for more examples. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tamangga=ta bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo\n‘Where are you going?’ ge_mera ka neba=at=a paruo\nnothing <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> do\n‘Nowhere. What are you doing?’ ge_mera in pasa-kajie=teba\nnothing <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nrice-pick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘Nothing, we’re rice-picking.’ \n</div> \n</div> \nPermission to leave the conversation proceeds as follows: \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ansebott\" label=\"exe:ansebott\"></span> \n<span id=\"exe:botee\" label=\"exe:botee\"></span> \n</div> \nThanking may be done with terima kasi(h). This Malay loan, like\ndaytime greetings, is not very common." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Short grammatical overview of Kalamang", "Header 2": "Topic and focus", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "Kalamang has a common and versatile topic marker me and two focus\nmarkers =a and =ba. The topic marker typically follows the NP or PP\nand the focus markers attach to the NP or PP. The most typical uses are\nillustrated here. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ncanam me me ma kip=at sem\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nsnake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> afraid\n‘As for that man, he is afraid of snakes.’ canam me me kip=at sem\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nsnake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> afraid\n‘That man is afraid of snakes.’ ka neba=at=a paruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> do\n‘What are you doing?’ \n</div> \nTopic and focus are described in\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:inf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:inf\">[ch:inf]</a>." } ], "index": 4, "level": "low_resource", "question": "What are you doing?", "split": "train" }
Aprilia maun toni mu he loi boet.	Aprilia's wish is that they go quickly.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Aprilia's wish is that they go quickly.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Aprilia\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: drill\nKalamang translation: bor; bor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Aprilia\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sprinkle\nKalamang translation: kowarwak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wish\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fish at sea\nKalamang translation: sek\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wish\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: good wish\nKalamang translation: salamat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"that\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that have gone bad\nKalamang translation: tenenun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"that\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that\nKalamang translation: me\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"they\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thermos\nKalamang translation: termus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"they\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: then\nKalamang translation: baru; eba; koi; mera; siktak; terus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go out\nKalamang translation: keluar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go quickly\nKalamang translation: sasat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"quickly\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: quick\nKalamang translation: mon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"quickly\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go quickly\nKalamang translation: sasat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Aprilia\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A lime thorn pricked Dalima.\nKalamang translation: Mun kanguna Dalimat komain.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Aprilia\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Moktar's father is speaking Kilimala language.\nKalamang translation: Moktar esun Kueimang deba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wish\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A Makassarese came to work with flying fish eggs.\nKalamang translation: Makassarsontum lukte masal narun paruo reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wish\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a school of surgeonfish in the coral.\nKalamang translation: Karariem epkona ram neko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"that\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The rainbow that comes down from there blocks the wind.\nKalamang translation: Kalis tanggira he osangga bara urat namot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"that\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I go landwards at that edge.\nKalamang translation: An asun menggara mara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"they\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: First time they came they didn't know people yet.\nKalamang translation: Giarun mu lukta mu tok sontumat komahal.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"they\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Taros they sell at Fakfak: one heap fifty thousand (rupiah).\nKalamang translation: Manadu mu Pakpao parinda tumpuk konde ripi purap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother and family go searching for worms.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun mu bo ibanruo reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I go landwards at that edge.\nKalamang translation: An asun menggara mara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"quickly\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That Javanese woman has a slightly wide face.\nKalamang translation: Jawawas yumene kanggirarun lauskaning bolon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"quickly\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's mother and family are closing the roof of their house.\nKalamang translation: Nyong emun mu tok keweunat komanggangguop.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:wcq\" label=\"sec:wcq\"></span> Question words or content\ninterrogatives are words that are used to make non-polar questions,\nindicating the part of the proposition that the speaker is asking about.\nThey form a closed class. Question words take the slot of the\nconstituent that the speaker is asking about. They cut across several\nword classes , with Kalamang having nominal, adnominal, predicative and\nadverbial question words, and one quantifier question word. Their main\nshared feature is that they structurally replace other constituents,\nwhich is why they are discussed together here. As for their form, all\nquestion words but neba ‘what’ contain a sequence ama, and all but\nneba and naman ‘who’ contain the sequence tama or its allophonic\nvariant rama. The question words are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:wcques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:wcques\">[tab:wcques]</a>. Neba ‘what’ is a very\ngeneric question word which can question both items and actions. It also\nfunctions as a placeholder for any constituent, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a>. \nNaman ‘who’ and neba ‘what’ are nominal, taking the place of\nsubjects and objects, with the ability to carry postpositions\n(§<a href=\"#sec:wcnoun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcnoun\">[sec:wcnoun]</a>). Naman replaces\npronouns, being unable to carry possessive morphology, but having the\npossibility to carry generic possessive =kin or animate lative and\nlocative postpositions =kongga and =konggo, respectively. Naman\nand neba, as well as tama below, can be followed by a focus marker\n=ba. In question-answer pairs, the answer may then also be followed by\n=ba, as in(<a href=\"#exe:namanba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namanba\">[exe:namanba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=ba\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘Who?’ an=ba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘Me.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:namanba\" label=\"exe:namanba\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmena mu neba=at=a paruot=kin\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\ndo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Then, what do they want to do?’ <span id=\"exe:menamu\"\nlabel=\"exe:menamu\"></span> \n</div> \nTama ‘which’ usually modifies the noun in the NP, replacing a\ndemonstrative. Neba does not occur replacing demonstratives. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nanggas=at tarat-un eranun\ndoor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nclose-<span class=\"smallcaps\">nmlz</span> cannot\n‘Couldn’t you close the door?’ anggas tama\ndoor which\n‘Which door?’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:tama\" label=\"exe:tama\"></span> \n</div> \nTamangga ‘to/from where’ and tamatko ‘where’ are formed with tama\nplus the lative or the locative enclitic, respectively (for the\nmorphosyntax see §<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>). They have verbal\nproperties. Tamangga, like other words carrying lative =ka, is\nprimarily used in complex predicates (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:svc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:svc\">[ch:svc]</a>), for example with jie ‘get’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tamjie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamjie\">[exe:tamjie]</a>). Tamatko, like other\nwords carrying locative =ko, is usually in predicate function. It can\nstand on its own, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tamatko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamatko\">[exe:tamatko]</a>), or be accompanied by\nanother verb. A short form of tamatko is tama. These suffixes are\nalso described in §<a href=\"#sec:lat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lat\">[sec:lat]</a>\nand<a href=\"#sec:loc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:loc\">[sec:loc]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka tamangga=ta jie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nfrom_where=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> get\n‘Where did you get \\[it\\] from?’ <span id=\"exe:tamjie\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamjie\"></span> ema tamatko\nmother where\n‘Where is mother?’ <span id=\"exe:tamatko\" label=\"exe:tamatko\"></span> \n</div> \nTamandi is an adverbial question word. It is illustrated modifying\nkomele ‘burn’ in(<a href=\"#exe:qadv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:qadv\">[exe:qadv]</a>), and paruo ‘do’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:babut\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:babut\">[exe:babut]</a>) below. In addition, it is\nused as a greeting with the meaning ‘how are you doing?’. It seems to\ncontain the suffix -ndi, which is also found on manner demonstratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mqqd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mqqd\">[sec:mqqd]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ndin saerak in tamandi=a lampur=at komele\nfire <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nlamp=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> burn\n‘There was no fire, how could we burn the lamps?’ <span id=\"exe:qadv\"\nlabel=\"exe:qadv\"></span> \n</div> \nPuraman ‘how many’ replaces a quantifier.\n(<a href=\"#exe:pel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pel\">[exe:pel]</a>) illustrates puraman following\na classifier (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwat nak-puraman-i mindi kajie\ncoconut\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_fruit1</span>-how_many-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nlike_that pick\n‘How many coconuts did \\[we\\] pick like that?’ <span id=\"exe:pel\"\nlabel=\"exe:pel\"></span> \n</div> \nNote that there is no question word for time. Yuol tama ‘which day’\nwas elicited, but does not occur in the natural speech corpus. There is\none occurrence of yuol puraman ‘which day’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni yuol puraman usar=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say day how_many\nbuild_frame_house=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Which day do \\[we\\] install the frame of the house?’ \n</div> \nThe syntax of questions with question words is further described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:opq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:opq\">[sec:opq]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:idphon\" label=\"sec:idphon\"></span> Ideophones are an “open\nlexical class of marked words that depict sensory imagery” . Several\nwords in the Kalamang lexicon could qualify as such. They stand out\nstructurally by being repetitive and containing several \\[r\\]’s or\nnasals, there is a resemblance between form and meaning, and their\nmeanings are related to sensory imagery. Because it is not clear which\nwords actually belong to this class, it was not introduced as a separate\nword class in Chapter<a href=\"#ch:wc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:wc\">[ch:wc]</a>. Here, I provide suggestions of which\nwords might be analysed as ideophones. \nTwo words discussed as possible manner adverbials in\n§<a href=\"#sec:manner\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:manner\">[sec:manner]</a> could be examples of\nideophones. These are sororo and dumuni. Though translational\nequivalents could not be offered, they seem related to the way certain\nquick movements look. Sororoi is used twice in the corpus, in the same\nstory, to modify the verb bara ‘descend’ in the context of climbing\ndown a tree. The utterance\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sororoii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sororoii\">[exe:sororoii]</a>) follows an order made\nby a giant for the protagonist of the story to come down. It is unclear\nwhich meaning sororoi adds to the utterance. Dumuni (variant\ndimuni) has eight occurrences in the corpus, and it seems to indicate\na change of direction in movement. This is illustrated by the examples\nin(<a href=\"#exe:dumunall\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dumunall\">[exe:dumunall]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:gontumm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gontumm\">[exe:gontumm]</a>), the main verb (‘to use’\nor ‘to eat’) is elided. A third word puru(ru) is also a candidate. In\ncontrast to sororoi and dumuni, puru(ru) is found in different\nsyntactic slots than as a verb modifier. Its three corpus examples are\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:pururuu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pururuu\">[exe:pururuu]</a>). Puru(ru) seems to\nexpress an unruly manner of falling or collapsing. What the three words\nhave in common is that they are related to manner of movement. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sororoi bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span>\ndescend\n‘She climbed down.’ <span id=\"exe:sororoii\" label=\"exe:sororoii\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nma tumun opa me se mengga dumuni ra\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> go\n‘That child already escaped? to there.’ <span id=\"exe:dumunii\"\nlabel=\"exe:dumunii\"></span> sabar se dumuni Nyong emun=kongga mengga\nmara\nfront <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> Nyong\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=an.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> move_landwards\n‘The front \\[of the canoe\\] already turned? towards Nyong’s mother on\nthe land-side.’ an toni pasa ... barsi=ten se koyet eh eba koi pi\ndumuni goni-tumun kon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say rice\nclean.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span> then then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> sack-small one\n‘I said the clean rice is finished, right, then we turn? to the one\nsmall sack.’ <span id=\"exe:gontumm\" label=\"exe:gontumm\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:dumunall\" label=\"exe:dumunall\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nma se pururu∼pururu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\npururu∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘It is ramshackle.’ <span id=\"exe:pururu\" label=\"exe:pururu\"></span>\nlolok kawat∼kawat pururu=i barat=et\nleaf branch∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span>\npururu=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Leaves and branches fell down.’ <span id=\"exe:kawatka\"\nlabel=\"exe:kawatka\"></span> ma keit osangga puru=ten=kap=te bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> top\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up.lat</span>\npururu=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ndescend\n‘He fell from that top up there.’ <span id=\"exe:pururen\"\nlabel=\"exe:pururen\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:pururuu\" label=\"exe:pururuu\"></span> \n</div> \nOther words that might classify as ideophones are bameoma, nainain\nand arerara, but have only one occurrence each in the corpus.\nBameoma in(<a href=\"#exe:bameoma\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bameoma\">[exe:bameoma]</a>) seems to express\ngrumbling or mumbling dissatisfied under one’s breath. Nainain\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nainain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nainain\">[exe:nainain]</a>), used twice by the same\nspeaker in the same text, could express talking or rambling on.\nAlternatively, this is a repeated nain ‘like’, but the fact that this\nspeaker does not repeat nain elsewhere in the recording and says\nnainain twice in relation to speaking suggests that this is an\nideophone. Arerara could be derived from the negative interjection\nade(h), sometimes pronounced are(h), expressing contempt or\ndissatisfaction. In(<a href=\"#exe:yaaulah\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yaaulah\">[exe:yaaulah]</a>), the speaker expresses\ndissatisfaction or annoyance with a naughty child. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nesnem nak-nokidak bameoma\nman just-be_silent bameoma\n‘The man was just silent: “Bameoma.”’ <span id=\"exe:bameoma\"\nlabel=\"exe:bameoma\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan nainain an ewa=et me ka tok∼tok=ta\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> nainain\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nstill∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘I “nainain”, when I speak, you wait.’ an nainain ewa=i koyet=te eba\nka=taet koi ewat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> nainain\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>=again then\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After I “nainain” finish speaking then you speak again.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nainain\" label=\"exe:nainain\"></span> ma toni ya_aula kier\narerara tumun yuwane tamandi=a\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say my_god\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span> arerara child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘She says: “My god, you two and this child, what should we do about\nyou?”’ <span id=\"exe:yaaulah\" label=\"exe:yaaulah\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Aprilia's wish is that they go quickly.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Aprilia maun toni mu he loi boet.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Aprilia maun toni mu he loi boet.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Word classes", "Header 2": "Question words", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:wcq\" label=\"sec:wcq\"></span> Question words or content\ninterrogatives are words that are used to make non-polar questions,\nindicating the part of the proposition that the speaker is asking about.\nThey form a closed class. Question words take the slot of the\nconstituent that the speaker is asking about. They cut across several\nword classes , with Kalamang having nominal, adnominal, predicative and\nadverbial question words, and one quantifier question word. Their main\nshared feature is that they structurally replace other constituents,\nwhich is why they are discussed together here. As for their form, all\nquestion words but neba ‘what’ contain a sequence ama, and all but\nneba and naman ‘who’ contain the sequence tama or its allophonic\nvariant rama. The question words are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:wcques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:wcques\">[tab:wcques]</a>. Neba ‘what’ is a very\ngeneric question word which can question both items and actions. It also\nfunctions as a placeholder for any constituent, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a>. \nNaman ‘who’ and neba ‘what’ are nominal, taking the place of\nsubjects and objects, with the ability to carry postpositions\n(§<a href=\"#sec:wcnoun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcnoun\">[sec:wcnoun]</a>). Naman replaces\npronouns, being unable to carry possessive morphology, but having the\npossibility to carry generic possessive =kin or animate lative and\nlocative postpositions =kongga and =konggo, respectively. Naman\nand neba, as well as tama below, can be followed by a focus marker\n=ba. In question-answer pairs, the answer may then also be followed by\n=ba, as in(<a href=\"#exe:namanba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namanba\">[exe:namanba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=ba\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘Who?’ an=ba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘Me.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:namanba\" label=\"exe:namanba\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmena mu neba=at=a paruot=kin\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\ndo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Then, what do they want to do?’ <span id=\"exe:menamu\"\nlabel=\"exe:menamu\"></span> \n</div> \nTama ‘which’ usually modifies the noun in the NP, replacing a\ndemonstrative. Neba does not occur replacing demonstratives. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nanggas=at tarat-un eranun\ndoor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nclose-<span class=\"smallcaps\">nmlz</span> cannot\n‘Couldn’t you close the door?’ anggas tama\ndoor which\n‘Which door?’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:tama\" label=\"exe:tama\"></span> \n</div> \nTamangga ‘to/from where’ and tamatko ‘where’ are formed with tama\nplus the lative or the locative enclitic, respectively (for the\nmorphosyntax see §<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>). They have verbal\nproperties. Tamangga, like other words carrying lative =ka, is\nprimarily used in complex predicates (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:svc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:svc\">[ch:svc]</a>), for example with jie ‘get’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tamjie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamjie\">[exe:tamjie]</a>). Tamatko, like other\nwords carrying locative =ko, is usually in predicate function. It can\nstand on its own, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tamatko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamatko\">[exe:tamatko]</a>), or be accompanied by\nanother verb. A short form of tamatko is tama. These suffixes are\nalso described in §<a href=\"#sec:lat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lat\">[sec:lat]</a>\nand<a href=\"#sec:loc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:loc\">[sec:loc]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka tamangga=ta jie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nfrom_where=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> get\n‘Where did you get \\[it\\] from?’ <span id=\"exe:tamjie\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamjie\"></span> ema tamatko\nmother where\n‘Where is mother?’ <span id=\"exe:tamatko\" label=\"exe:tamatko\"></span> \n</div> \nTamandi is an adverbial question word. It is illustrated modifying\nkomele ‘burn’ in(<a href=\"#exe:qadv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:qadv\">[exe:qadv]</a>), and paruo ‘do’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:babut\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:babut\">[exe:babut]</a>) below. In addition, it is\nused as a greeting with the meaning ‘how are you doing?’. It seems to\ncontain the suffix -ndi, which is also found on manner demonstratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mqqd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mqqd\">[sec:mqqd]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ndin saerak in tamandi=a lampur=at komele\nfire <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nlamp=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> burn\n‘There was no fire, how could we burn the lamps?’ <span id=\"exe:qadv\"\nlabel=\"exe:qadv\"></span> \n</div> \nPuraman ‘how many’ replaces a quantifier.\n(<a href=\"#exe:pel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pel\">[exe:pel]</a>) illustrates puraman following\na classifier (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwat nak-puraman-i mindi kajie\ncoconut\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_fruit1</span>-how_many-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nlike_that pick\n‘How many coconuts did \\[we\\] pick like that?’ <span id=\"exe:pel\"\nlabel=\"exe:pel\"></span> \n</div> \nNote that there is no question word for time. Yuol tama ‘which day’\nwas elicited, but does not occur in the natural speech corpus. There is\none occurrence of yuol puraman ‘which day’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni yuol puraman usar=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say day how_many\nbuild_frame_house=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Which day do \\[we\\] install the frame of the house?’ \n</div> \nThe syntax of questions with question words is further described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:opq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:opq\">[sec:opq]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "Ideophones", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:idphon\" label=\"sec:idphon\"></span> Ideophones are an “open\nlexical class of marked words that depict sensory imagery” . Several\nwords in the Kalamang lexicon could qualify as such. They stand out\nstructurally by being repetitive and containing several \\[r\\]’s or\nnasals, there is a resemblance between form and meaning, and their\nmeanings are related to sensory imagery. Because it is not clear which\nwords actually belong to this class, it was not introduced as a separate\nword class in Chapter<a href=\"#ch:wc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:wc\">[ch:wc]</a>. Here, I provide suggestions of which\nwords might be analysed as ideophones. \nTwo words discussed as possible manner adverbials in\n§<a href=\"#sec:manner\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:manner\">[sec:manner]</a> could be examples of\nideophones. These are sororo and dumuni. Though translational\nequivalents could not be offered, they seem related to the way certain\nquick movements look. Sororoi is used twice in the corpus, in the same\nstory, to modify the verb bara ‘descend’ in the context of climbing\ndown a tree. The utterance\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sororoii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sororoii\">[exe:sororoii]</a>) follows an order made\nby a giant for the protagonist of the story to come down. It is unclear\nwhich meaning sororoi adds to the utterance. Dumuni (variant\ndimuni) has eight occurrences in the corpus, and it seems to indicate\na change of direction in movement. This is illustrated by the examples\nin(<a href=\"#exe:dumunall\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dumunall\">[exe:dumunall]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:gontumm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gontumm\">[exe:gontumm]</a>), the main verb (‘to use’\nor ‘to eat’) is elided. A third word puru(ru) is also a candidate. In\ncontrast to sororoi and dumuni, puru(ru) is found in different\nsyntactic slots than as a verb modifier. Its three corpus examples are\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:pururuu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pururuu\">[exe:pururuu]</a>). Puru(ru) seems to\nexpress an unruly manner of falling or collapsing. What the three words\nhave in common is that they are related to manner of movement. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sororoi bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span>\ndescend\n‘She climbed down.’ <span id=\"exe:sororoii\" label=\"exe:sororoii\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nma tumun opa me se mengga dumuni ra\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> go\n‘That child already escaped? to there.’ <span id=\"exe:dumunii\"\nlabel=\"exe:dumunii\"></span> sabar se dumuni Nyong emun=kongga mengga\nmara\nfront <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> Nyong\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=an.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> move_landwards\n‘The front \\[of the canoe\\] already turned? towards Nyong’s mother on\nthe land-side.’ an toni pasa ... barsi=ten se koyet eh eba koi pi\ndumuni goni-tumun kon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say rice\nclean.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span> then then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> sack-small one\n‘I said the clean rice is finished, right, then we turn? to the one\nsmall sack.’ <span id=\"exe:gontumm\" label=\"exe:gontumm\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:dumunall\" label=\"exe:dumunall\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nma se pururu∼pururu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\npururu∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘It is ramshackle.’ <span id=\"exe:pururu\" label=\"exe:pururu\"></span>\nlolok kawat∼kawat pururu=i barat=et\nleaf branch∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span>\npururu=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Leaves and branches fell down.’ <span id=\"exe:kawatka\"\nlabel=\"exe:kawatka\"></span> ma keit osangga puru=ten=kap=te bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> top\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up.lat</span>\npururu=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ndescend\n‘He fell from that top up there.’ <span id=\"exe:pururen\"\nlabel=\"exe:pururen\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:pururuu\" label=\"exe:pururuu\"></span> \n</div> \nOther words that might classify as ideophones are bameoma, nainain\nand arerara, but have only one occurrence each in the corpus.\nBameoma in(<a href=\"#exe:bameoma\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bameoma\">[exe:bameoma]</a>) seems to express\ngrumbling or mumbling dissatisfied under one’s breath. Nainain\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nainain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nainain\">[exe:nainain]</a>), used twice by the same\nspeaker in the same text, could express talking or rambling on.\nAlternatively, this is a repeated nain ‘like’, but the fact that this\nspeaker does not repeat nain elsewhere in the recording and says\nnainain twice in relation to speaking suggests that this is an\nideophone. Arerara could be derived from the negative interjection\nade(h), sometimes pronounced are(h), expressing contempt or\ndissatisfaction. In(<a href=\"#exe:yaaulah\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yaaulah\">[exe:yaaulah]</a>), the speaker expresses\ndissatisfaction or annoyance with a naughty child. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nesnem nak-nokidak bameoma\nman just-be_silent bameoma\n‘The man was just silent: “Bameoma.”’ <span id=\"exe:bameoma\"\nlabel=\"exe:bameoma\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan nainain an ewa=et me ka tok∼tok=ta\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> nainain\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nstill∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘I “nainain”, when I speak, you wait.’ an nainain ewa=i koyet=te eba\nka=taet koi ewat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> nainain\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>=again then\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After I “nainain” finish speaking then you speak again.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nainain\" label=\"exe:nainain\"></span> ma toni ya_aula kier\narerara tumun yuwane tamandi=a\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say my_god\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span> arerara child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘She says: “My god, you two and this child, what should we do about\nyou?”’ <span id=\"exe:yaaulah\" label=\"exe:yaaulah\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 5, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Aprilia's wish is that they go quickly.", "split": "train" }
Pi timunat kowarman.	We break off the tips.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: We break off the tips.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"We\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: dive\nKalamang translation: ar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"We\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Wednesday\nKalamang translation: roba\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"break\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: break fast\nKalamang translation: nasek; tolas\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"break\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: break down\nKalamang translation: maorek\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"off\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fly off\nKalamang translation: lele\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"off\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: close off with plank\nKalamang translation: nawarak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tips\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tight\nKalamang translation: rapat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tips\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: growing tip\nKalamang translation: timun sobangun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"We\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We go pick shells.\nKalamang translation: In bo tabuonkajie reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"We\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We were boiling water and the fire burnt the fireplace.\nKalamang translation: In perlalangat kuarta didir din na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"break\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi and family are gone to cut down a forest breadfruit.\nKalamang translation: Bobi mu bo katawenggawuorma reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"break\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Onin's father and family break down their house's roof.\nKalamang translation: Onin esun mu keweun sengunara maorek.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"off\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Someone is whistling on the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Somkona oskol owangga filoit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"off\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother was drying her sarong and it flew off.\nKalamang translation: Salima emun kadounat masara ma lele.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tips\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: It rained a lot so the lamps don't burn.\nKalamang translation: Kalis temunden me don yuolyuol yua me yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tips\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sara is affected by kaman-disease, her lips are sore.\nKalamang translation: Sara kaman mat paruo bolun patiwatin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:macie\" label=\"sec:macie\"></span> Within the irregular verb\nclass, Kalamang has a limited group of around twenty verbs that have a\nregular correspondence between transitive and intransitive forms.\nTransitive forms end in -ma, whereas intransitive counterparts end in\n-cie. There is no productive derivation with these suffixes. All verbs\nare verbs with semantics relating to opening, turning, cutting or\nbreaking. They are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:macie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:macie\">[tab:macie]</a>. Some verbs in -ma do not\nhave a counterpart in -cie, but there are no verbs in -cie that do\nnot have a counterpart in -ma.[^70] Not all verbs with opening/turning\nor cutting/breaking semantics belong to this group: regular verbs are,\nfor example, kortaptap ‘to cut out’, suo ‘to cut a coconut’,\nnasiwik ‘to open a can or box’, maorek ‘to break down’ and parair\n‘to split’. \nMost of these words do not have meaningful roots: for example kahet,\nkawet, mayil and dur were not recognised. Others have roots that\noccur (in a very similar form) as nouns. Note the similarities between\nsanggoup ‘branch’, sanggotma ‘to break off a branch’ and sanggoyie\n‘to be broken (of a branch)’, and between selet ‘piece’ and seletma\n‘to cut off a piece’. There might also be a relation between tolas ‘to\nbreak one’s fast’ and tolma ‘to cut off; to take a shortcut’ and\ntolcie ‘to be cut’. This suggests that there was a productive verb\nformation device for creating opening, turning, cutting and breaking\nverbs. \nImperative forms of the transitive verbs end in -ei and prohibitive in\n-ein, e.g. potma ‘to cut’, potmei! ‘cut!’, potmein! ‘don’t\ncut!’. This is the same pattern as the directional verbs in -a, which\nare described in the next section.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:symsvc\" label=\"sec:symsvc\"></span> Symmetrical SVCs\nconsist of verbs from open verb classes, with no restrictions on the\nsemantics of the verb. All components in a symmetrical SVC contribute\nequally to its meaning, so there is no ‘head’ in the construction .\nSymmetrical SVCs express events consisting of two or more active verbs,\ngiven in sequential order (obeying the iconicity of order, ). They share\ntheir arguments. (<a href=\"#exe:jieborar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:jieborar\">[exe:jieborar]</a>) above is a symmetrical\nSVC. Additional examples are provided\nin(<a href=\"#exe:potmapar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:potmapar\">[exe:potmapar]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:kajkow\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kajkow\">[exe:kajkow]</a>). Note that\nin(<a href=\"#exe:perjiena\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:perjiena\">[exe:perjiena]</a>), the noun is\nincorporated into the SVC (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:incorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:incorp\">[sec:incorp]</a> on noun incorporation). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npawan=at worman=i koyet in koi potman=i koyet timun=at potma\nparuak\nplank=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\ncut_down=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> then\ncut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\ntip=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> cut drop\n‘After cutting down \\[trees for\\] planks, after cutting, \\[we\\] cut off\nthe tips.’ <span id=\"exe:potmapar\" label=\"exe:potmapar\"></span> in=a\nper-jie na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=foc</span> water-get consume\n‘We fetched water and drank.’ <span id=\"exe:perjiena\"\nlabel=\"exe:perjiena\"></span> usar=et mul-un=ka kajien kowarman\nerect=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nside-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\npick fold\n‘Erect \\[the basket\\], pick and fold \\[strips\\] from the side.’\n<span id=\"exe:kajkow\" label=\"exe:kajkow\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen an unmarked directional verb\n(§<a href=\"#sec:dir\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:dir\">[sec:dir]</a>) is in the first position of a\ncomplex predicate, the construction can be a SVC. Like the examples\nabove, they are sequential actions with a shared subject. They can also\nbe purposive, such as bara komet ‘come down to look’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:barakom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:barakom\">[exe:barakom]</a>). If a directional verb\nin a complex predicate is preceded by a non-directional verb, this verb\nis always marked with =i (described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvci\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvci\">14.1</a>), and this construction is thus not a\nSVC. (<a href=\"#exe:marabara\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:marabara\">[exe:marabara]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:ranmina\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ranmina\">[exe:ranmina]</a>) show SVCs of two\ndirectional verbs. (<a href=\"#exe:ragerket\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ragerket\">[exe:ragerket]</a>), finally, shows a SVC\nwith shared subject, separated by the object of the second verb. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntim-un=at potma bara melalu\ntip-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> cut descend sit\n‘\\[We\\] cut off the tips, and lower down \\[the canoe\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:baramel\" label=\"exe:baramel\"></span> ma se ra\nmin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\nsleep\n‘He goes to sleep.’ <span id=\"exe:ramina\" label=\"exe:ramina\"></span> ma\nbara komet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> descend look\n‘He came down to look.’ <span id=\"exe:barakom\"\nlabel=\"exe:barakom\"></span> mengga koi mara masara bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> then move_landwards\nmove_landwards descend\n‘Then go inland from there, descend inland.’ <span id=\"exe:marabara\"\nlabel=\"exe:marabara\"></span> pi konenen=i koi ran mia=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nremember=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> then go\ncome=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘We don’t \\[have to\\] remember to come and go anymore.’\n<span id=\"exe:ranmina\" label=\"exe:ranmina\"></span> ma ra ulan=at\ngerket eh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\naunt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> ask\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘He asks my aunt, right?’ <span id=\"exe:ragerket\"\nlabel=\"exe:ragerket\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: We break off the tips.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Pi timunat kowarman.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Pi timunat kowarman.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Verbs", "Header 2": "Verb classes", "Header 3": "Irregular verbs", "Header 4": "Transitive/intransitive verb pairs in -ma and -cie" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:macie\" label=\"sec:macie\"></span> Within the irregular verb\nclass, Kalamang has a limited group of around twenty verbs that have a\nregular correspondence between transitive and intransitive forms.\nTransitive forms end in -ma, whereas intransitive counterparts end in\n-cie. There is no productive derivation with these suffixes. All verbs\nare verbs with semantics relating to opening, turning, cutting or\nbreaking. They are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:macie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:macie\">[tab:macie]</a>. Some verbs in -ma do not\nhave a counterpart in -cie, but there are no verbs in -cie that do\nnot have a counterpart in -ma.[^70] Not all verbs with opening/turning\nor cutting/breaking semantics belong to this group: regular verbs are,\nfor example, kortaptap ‘to cut out’, suo ‘to cut a coconut’,\nnasiwik ‘to open a can or box’, maorek ‘to break down’ and parair\n‘to split’. \nMost of these words do not have meaningful roots: for example kahet,\nkawet, mayil and dur were not recognised. Others have roots that\noccur (in a very similar form) as nouns. Note the similarities between\nsanggoup ‘branch’, sanggotma ‘to break off a branch’ and sanggoyie\n‘to be broken (of a branch)’, and between selet ‘piece’ and seletma\n‘to cut off a piece’. There might also be a relation between tolas ‘to\nbreak one’s fast’ and tolma ‘to cut off; to take a shortcut’ and\ntolcie ‘to be cut’. This suggests that there was a productive verb\nformation device for creating opening, turning, cutting and breaking\nverbs. \nImperative forms of the transitive verbs end in -ei and prohibitive in\n-ein, e.g. potma ‘to cut’, potmei! ‘cut!’, potmein! ‘don’t\ncut!’. This is the same pattern as the directional verbs in -a, which\nare described in the next section." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Complex predicates", "Header 2": "Serial verb constructions", "Header 3": "Symmetrical SVCs", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:symsvc\" label=\"sec:symsvc\"></span> Symmetrical SVCs\nconsist of verbs from open verb classes, with no restrictions on the\nsemantics of the verb. All components in a symmetrical SVC contribute\nequally to its meaning, so there is no ‘head’ in the construction .\nSymmetrical SVCs express events consisting of two or more active verbs,\ngiven in sequential order (obeying the iconicity of order, ). They share\ntheir arguments. (<a href=\"#exe:jieborar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:jieborar\">[exe:jieborar]</a>) above is a symmetrical\nSVC. Additional examples are provided\nin(<a href=\"#exe:potmapar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:potmapar\">[exe:potmapar]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:kajkow\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kajkow\">[exe:kajkow]</a>). Note that\nin(<a href=\"#exe:perjiena\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:perjiena\">[exe:perjiena]</a>), the noun is\nincorporated into the SVC (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:incorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:incorp\">[sec:incorp]</a> on noun incorporation). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npawan=at worman=i koyet in koi potman=i koyet timun=at potma\nparuak\nplank=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\ncut_down=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> then\ncut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\ntip=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> cut drop\n‘After cutting down \\[trees for\\] planks, after cutting, \\[we\\] cut off\nthe tips.’ <span id=\"exe:potmapar\" label=\"exe:potmapar\"></span> in=a\nper-jie na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=foc</span> water-get consume\n‘We fetched water and drank.’ <span id=\"exe:perjiena\"\nlabel=\"exe:perjiena\"></span> usar=et mul-un=ka kajien kowarman\nerect=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nside-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\npick fold\n‘Erect \\[the basket\\], pick and fold \\[strips\\] from the side.’\n<span id=\"exe:kajkow\" label=\"exe:kajkow\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen an unmarked directional verb\n(§<a href=\"#sec:dir\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:dir\">[sec:dir]</a>) is in the first position of a\ncomplex predicate, the construction can be a SVC. Like the examples\nabove, they are sequential actions with a shared subject. They can also\nbe purposive, such as bara komet ‘come down to look’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:barakom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:barakom\">[exe:barakom]</a>). If a directional verb\nin a complex predicate is preceded by a non-directional verb, this verb\nis always marked with =i (described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvci\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvci\">14.1</a>), and this construction is thus not a\nSVC. (<a href=\"#exe:marabara\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:marabara\">[exe:marabara]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:ranmina\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ranmina\">[exe:ranmina]</a>) show SVCs of two\ndirectional verbs. (<a href=\"#exe:ragerket\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ragerket\">[exe:ragerket]</a>), finally, shows a SVC\nwith shared subject, separated by the object of the second verb. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntim-un=at potma bara melalu\ntip-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> cut descend sit\n‘\\[We\\] cut off the tips, and lower down \\[the canoe\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:baramel\" label=\"exe:baramel\"></span> ma se ra\nmin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\nsleep\n‘He goes to sleep.’ <span id=\"exe:ramina\" label=\"exe:ramina\"></span> ma\nbara komet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> descend look\n‘He came down to look.’ <span id=\"exe:barakom\"\nlabel=\"exe:barakom\"></span> mengga koi mara masara bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> then move_landwards\nmove_landwards descend\n‘Then go inland from there, descend inland.’ <span id=\"exe:marabara\"\nlabel=\"exe:marabara\"></span> pi konenen=i koi ran mia=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nremember=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> then go\ncome=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘We don’t \\[have to\\] remember to come and go anymore.’\n<span id=\"exe:ranmina\" label=\"exe:ranmina\"></span> ma ra ulan=at\ngerket eh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\naunt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> ask\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘He asks my aunt, right?’ <span id=\"exe:ragerket\"\nlabel=\"exe:ragerket\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 6, "level": "low_resource", "question": "We break off the tips.", "split": "train" }
Korkasir yua me rua.	This ankle is swollen.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: This ankle is swollen.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"This\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: his wife\nKalamang translation: kieun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"This\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like this\nKalamang translation: wandi; yuwandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ankle\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: ankle\nKalamang translation: korkasir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ankle\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: ankle bone\nKalamang translation: korkancing\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"swollen\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: collect\nKalamang translation: olol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"swollen\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: swollen\nKalamang translation: panggala; ruan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"This\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: This wood is bent.\nKalamang translation: Ror wa me maulcien.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"This\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: This day, it was already late afternoon but the lamps weren't lighted.\nKalamang translation: Yuol wa me go he girgir lampur tok yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ankle\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dela's father goes fishing and catches a matan sena fish.\nKalamang translation: Dela esun bo warta matan senara ramie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ankle\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: An eagle cam down to catch a fish.\nKalamang translation: Lusi etkon bara sorat jie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"swollen\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The rain is falling, I'm collecting water.\nKalamang translation: Kalis barara an per natada.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"swollen\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: His gums are swollen.\nKalamang translation: Ma gierkawierun bengkak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:narr\" label=\"sec:narr\"></span> Here, I present a brief\nanalysis of the structure of Kalamang narratives, focusing on\ntraditional fictional narratives, but drawing some parallels with\nnon-fictional and stimulus-based narratives.[^95] \nThis section is based on the analysis of 18 narratives, of which 14 are\ntraditional fictional narratives (mythological or fable-like stories\nabout ancestors or places, known to many people in the Kalamang\ncommunity), two are non-fictional narratives (stories about things that\nhappened during the lifetime of the speaker), and two are stimulus-based\nfictional narratives: Jackal & crow and Frog, where are you? . The\nstories are told by six different Kalamang speakers. For each narrative\n(following ), the following characteristics were analysed: the opening,\nsupplying of background, presenting of the protagonist(s), participant\ntracking, devices for structuring, songs and formula, and the closing. \nTitles, corpus tags, a summary and the name of the storyteller of the\nnarratives treated in this section are presented in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:stories\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:stories\">18.1</a>. The 14 traditional fictional\nnarratives are presented first, followed by the two non-fictional\nnarratives and the two stimulus-based fictional narratives. \n<div id=\"tab:stories\"> \n\| title \| tag \| summary \| storyteller \|\n\|:----------------------------------------------\|:-------\|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|:-----------------\|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| title \| tag \| summary \| storyteller \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Traditional narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Makuteli: birds on a boat \| narr18 \| Birds set off on a boat trip while singing songs together. A cassowary also joins but gets angry when he finds out he is running out of food, and the others live off fish from the sea. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| Linglong: a monkey and a cuscus sell firewood \| narr19 \| A monkey and a cuscus sell firewood in villages, where women comment they like the white cuscus, but not the black monkey. The monkey gets fed up and asks the cuscus how to be white. The cuscus puts the monkey in a cage in the water, and waits until the tide is high. The monkey drowns. \| Hair Yorkuran \|\n\| Cassowary and Dog \| narr20 \| How Lempuang Emun (Pulau Kasuari, Cassowary Island) and Lempuang Tumun (Pulau Anjing, Dog Island), south of Karas, came into existence. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Crab \| narr21 \| After the youngest of two children eat a little bit from a crab that mother caught, mother disappears into the sea. Her children go to look for her with help from fish. Mother does not want to return to the land. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Kuawi \| narr22 \| How ancestors learned about clouds and the tides. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The woman who turned into a lime \| narr23 \| A sorceress turns a woman into a lime. The lime is found by an old couple, who peel it so that the woman comes out. Because the couple doesn’t have children, the woman stays with them. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Kelengkeleng woman \| narr24 \| A woman kills her cross-cousin by accident. His canoe turns into a stone. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| The money-defecating cow \| narr25 \| A girl is sent by her mother to sell food at the market but eats it herself. Later, she obtains, loses and gets back three magical items: a cloth that serves food, a money-defecating cow and a club that hits people on its own. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Married to a mermaid \| narr26 \| How the ancestor of the storyteller had a wife who lived in the sea. The story tells how they met, how the man disappeared into the sea for a week or so at a time, and how the two had children. This ancestry is the reason why the speaker claims to have special knowledge about and power over the weather at sea. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The providing tree \| narr27 \| An old woman finds a shell, out of which a tree grows that provides her family with clothing and food. Then, a sultan arrives and cuts the tree down. The tree regrows, but doesn’t give any more goods. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Suagibaba \| narr28 \| One of two brothers kills the pestering giant Suagibaba, whose family then comes to abduct the younger brother. The older brother carves seven wooden giants and with them tricks the real giants into giving back his brother. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Finding water at Sui \| narr29 \| How the Kalamang ancestors found water at Sui. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The talking coconut \| narr30 \| A woman cuts a talking coconut to pieces, which gives the name to that stone: Yar Dakdak. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Tenggelele \| narr8 \| Why the tenggelele ritual is performed when a new wife arrives at the island. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Non-fictional narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Exchanging tobacco \| narr16 \| Malik secretly exchanges the new tobacco with last year’s, and tests whether his friends can taste the difference. \| Malik Yarkuran \|\n\| The naked tourist \| narr17 \| Malik meets a naked tourist on his boat. \| Malik Yarkuran \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Stimulus-based narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Jackal & crow \| stim1 \| Crow steals a fish, and Jackal tricks him into dropping it. \| Fajaria Yarkuran \|\n\| Frog, where are you? \| stim21 \| A frog escapes from a boy’s house. The boy and his dog follow him into the forest. \| Amir Yarkuran \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nNarratives (continued from previous page) \n</div> \nSome reflections on the content of the traditional narratives are given\nin §<a href=\"#sec:narrcont\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narrcont\">18.1.7</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:condmood\" label=\"sec:condmood\"></span> Conditional mood is\nmade with conditional clitic =o or =ero, which attaches to the\npredicate with the condition. The condition is followed by a new clause\nwith the consequence. It occurs about ten times in the corpus, and\nmostly in contexts with several conditions. The two variants of the\nclitic are given in(<a href=\"#exe:warobes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:warobes\">[exe:warobes]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:geroo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:geroo\">[exe:geroo]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:geroo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:geroo\">[exe:geroo]</a>) also shows a negative\ncondition. (<a href=\"#exe:nanere\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nanere\">[exe:nanere]</a>) shows a possible third\nvariant, =ere, but it occurs only in that utterance. Note that the\nconsequence is expressed as just a predicate in all cases in the corpus.\nThere is not enough data to determine for which types of conditions\n(e.g. implicative, predictive, indicative, counterfactual) these clitics\nare used. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \njadi tanaman pun demekian wat=o bes im=o bes sayang=o bes\nso plant even thus coconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nbanana=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nnutmeg=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\n‘So whichever plant \\[we grow\\], whether it’s coconut, banana or nutmeg,\nit’s good.’ <span id=\"exe:warobes\" label=\"exe:warobes\"></span> ka-tain=a\ntoni ka Tarus-pis=i bo=ero se bot ge=ero ge mu bukan in kat\npaksa=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>-alone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nsay <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nTarus-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\nnot=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> not\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nforce=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘You said yourself if you wanted to go to Tarus, you go, if not, not, we\ndidn’t force you.’ <span id=\"exe:geroo\" label=\"exe:geroo\"></span> ter\nnan=ere bisa kai nan=ere bisa\ntea consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> can medicine\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> can\n‘So \\[you\\] can drink it like tea and \\[you\\] can drink it like\nmedicine.’ \\[Lit.: ‘If you drink it like tea, that’s possible, if you\ntake it like medicine, that’s possible.’\\] <span id=\"exe:nanere\"\nlabel=\"exe:nanere\"></span> \n</div> \nA variant on the conditional is =taero ‘even if’, which is a\nconcessive that indicates that the condition in the first clause does\nnot prevent the statement in the second clause from being true. Like\n=ero, =taero ‘even if’ attaches to the condition, i.e. the predicate\nof the first clause, which is followed by a predicate-only clause with\nthe consequence. The clitic is frequently combined with Malay loan\nbiar ‘even if’, which precedes the conditional clause, without a\nchange in meaning. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbes bes wa me anti pasier=tenden bes pasier=at ma kosaran=taero\nbes\ngood good <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> resistant sea_water=so good\nsea_water=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> touch=even_if good\n‘It’s okay, it’s okay, this is sea water-resistant, it’s okay, even if\nhe touches the sea water it’s okay.’ <span id=\"exe:anti\"\nlabel=\"exe:anti\"></span> biar kon eir=taero panggalat=nin=et\neven_if one two=even_if\nswollen=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Even if \\[you use\\] one, two kilos \\[the rice\\] doesn’t get swollen.’\n<span id=\"exe:eirtaero\" label=\"exe:eirtaero\"></span> \n</div> \nThe long form of =taero and the fact that =ero or =o are the\nregular conditional morphemes suggest that this is a (diachronically)\nmultimorphemic form. One candidate for a source for =taero is =taet\n‘more; again’, which is a good semantic fit for ‘even if’.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: This ankle is swollen.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Korkasir yua me rua.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Korkasir yua me rua.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "The structure of narratives", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:narr\" label=\"sec:narr\"></span> Here, I present a brief\nanalysis of the structure of Kalamang narratives, focusing on\ntraditional fictional narratives, but drawing some parallels with\nnon-fictional and stimulus-based narratives.[^95] \nThis section is based on the analysis of 18 narratives, of which 14 are\ntraditional fictional narratives (mythological or fable-like stories\nabout ancestors or places, known to many people in the Kalamang\ncommunity), two are non-fictional narratives (stories about things that\nhappened during the lifetime of the speaker), and two are stimulus-based\nfictional narratives: Jackal & crow and Frog, where are you? . The\nstories are told by six different Kalamang speakers. For each narrative\n(following ), the following characteristics were analysed: the opening,\nsupplying of background, presenting of the protagonist(s), participant\ntracking, devices for structuring, songs and formula, and the closing. \nTitles, corpus tags, a summary and the name of the storyteller of the\nnarratives treated in this section are presented in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:stories\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:stories\">18.1</a>. The 14 traditional fictional\nnarratives are presented first, followed by the two non-fictional\nnarratives and the two stimulus-based fictional narratives. \n<div id=\"tab:stories\"> \n\| title \| tag \| summary \| storyteller \|\n\|:----------------------------------------------\|:-------\|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|:-----------------\|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| title \| tag \| summary \| storyteller \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Traditional narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Makuteli: birds on a boat \| narr18 \| Birds set off on a boat trip while singing songs together. A cassowary also joins but gets angry when he finds out he is running out of food, and the others live off fish from the sea. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| Linglong: a monkey and a cuscus sell firewood \| narr19 \| A monkey and a cuscus sell firewood in villages, where women comment they like the white cuscus, but not the black monkey. The monkey gets fed up and asks the cuscus how to be white. The cuscus puts the monkey in a cage in the water, and waits until the tide is high. The monkey drowns. \| Hair Yorkuran \|\n\| Cassowary and Dog \| narr20 \| How Lempuang Emun (Pulau Kasuari, Cassowary Island) and Lempuang Tumun (Pulau Anjing, Dog Island), south of Karas, came into existence. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Crab \| narr21 \| After the youngest of two children eat a little bit from a crab that mother caught, mother disappears into the sea. Her children go to look for her with help from fish. Mother does not want to return to the land. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Kuawi \| narr22 \| How ancestors learned about clouds and the tides. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The woman who turned into a lime \| narr23 \| A sorceress turns a woman into a lime. The lime is found by an old couple, who peel it so that the woman comes out. Because the couple doesn’t have children, the woman stays with them. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Kelengkeleng woman \| narr24 \| A woman kills her cross-cousin by accident. His canoe turns into a stone. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| The money-defecating cow \| narr25 \| A girl is sent by her mother to sell food at the market but eats it herself. Later, she obtains, loses and gets back three magical items: a cloth that serves food, a money-defecating cow and a club that hits people on its own. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Married to a mermaid \| narr26 \| How the ancestor of the storyteller had a wife who lived in the sea. The story tells how they met, how the man disappeared into the sea for a week or so at a time, and how the two had children. This ancestry is the reason why the speaker claims to have special knowledge about and power over the weather at sea. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The providing tree \| narr27 \| An old woman finds a shell, out of which a tree grows that provides her family with clothing and food. Then, a sultan arrives and cuts the tree down. The tree regrows, but doesn’t give any more goods. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Suagibaba \| narr28 \| One of two brothers kills the pestering giant Suagibaba, whose family then comes to abduct the younger brother. The older brother carves seven wooden giants and with them tricks the real giants into giving back his brother. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Finding water at Sui \| narr29 \| How the Kalamang ancestors found water at Sui. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The talking coconut \| narr30 \| A woman cuts a talking coconut to pieces, which gives the name to that stone: Yar Dakdak. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Tenggelele \| narr8 \| Why the tenggelele ritual is performed when a new wife arrives at the island. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Non-fictional narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Exchanging tobacco \| narr16 \| Malik secretly exchanges the new tobacco with last year’s, and tests whether his friends can taste the difference. \| Malik Yarkuran \|\n\| The naked tourist \| narr17 \| Malik meets a naked tourist on his boat. \| Malik Yarkuran \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Stimulus-based narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Jackal & crow \| stim1 \| Crow steals a fish, and Jackal tricks him into dropping it. \| Fajaria Yarkuran \|\n\| Frog, where are you? \| stim21 \| A frog escapes from a boy’s house. The boy and his dog follow him into the forest. \| Amir Yarkuran \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nNarratives (continued from previous page) \n</div> \nSome reflections on the content of the traditional narratives are given\nin §<a href=\"#sec:narrcont\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narrcont\">18.1.7</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Mood, aspect and modality marking", "Header 3": "Mood", "Header 4": "Conditional =o/=ero ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span>’" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:condmood\" label=\"sec:condmood\"></span> Conditional mood is\nmade with conditional clitic =o or =ero, which attaches to the\npredicate with the condition. The condition is followed by a new clause\nwith the consequence. It occurs about ten times in the corpus, and\nmostly in contexts with several conditions. The two variants of the\nclitic are given in(<a href=\"#exe:warobes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:warobes\">[exe:warobes]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:geroo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:geroo\">[exe:geroo]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:geroo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:geroo\">[exe:geroo]</a>) also shows a negative\ncondition. (<a href=\"#exe:nanere\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nanere\">[exe:nanere]</a>) shows a possible third\nvariant, =ere, but it occurs only in that utterance. Note that the\nconsequence is expressed as just a predicate in all cases in the corpus.\nThere is not enough data to determine for which types of conditions\n(e.g. implicative, predictive, indicative, counterfactual) these clitics\nare used. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \njadi tanaman pun demekian wat=o bes im=o bes sayang=o bes\nso plant even thus coconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nbanana=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nnutmeg=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\n‘So whichever plant \\[we grow\\], whether it’s coconut, banana or nutmeg,\nit’s good.’ <span id=\"exe:warobes\" label=\"exe:warobes\"></span> ka-tain=a\ntoni ka Tarus-pis=i bo=ero se bot ge=ero ge mu bukan in kat\npaksa=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>-alone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nsay <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nTarus-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\nnot=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> not\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nforce=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘You said yourself if you wanted to go to Tarus, you go, if not, not, we\ndidn’t force you.’ <span id=\"exe:geroo\" label=\"exe:geroo\"></span> ter\nnan=ere bisa kai nan=ere bisa\ntea consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> can medicine\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> can\n‘So \\[you\\] can drink it like tea and \\[you\\] can drink it like\nmedicine.’ \\[Lit.: ‘If you drink it like tea, that’s possible, if you\ntake it like medicine, that’s possible.’\\] <span id=\"exe:nanere\"\nlabel=\"exe:nanere\"></span> \n</div> \nA variant on the conditional is =taero ‘even if’, which is a\nconcessive that indicates that the condition in the first clause does\nnot prevent the statement in the second clause from being true. Like\n=ero, =taero ‘even if’ attaches to the condition, i.e. the predicate\nof the first clause, which is followed by a predicate-only clause with\nthe consequence. The clitic is frequently combined with Malay loan\nbiar ‘even if’, which precedes the conditional clause, without a\nchange in meaning. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbes bes wa me anti pasier=tenden bes pasier=at ma kosaran=taero\nbes\ngood good <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> resistant sea_water=so good\nsea_water=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> touch=even_if good\n‘It’s okay, it’s okay, this is sea water-resistant, it’s okay, even if\nhe touches the sea water it’s okay.’ <span id=\"exe:anti\"\nlabel=\"exe:anti\"></span> biar kon eir=taero panggalat=nin=et\neven_if one two=even_if\nswollen=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Even if \\[you use\\] one, two kilos \\[the rice\\] doesn’t get swollen.’\n<span id=\"exe:eirtaero\" label=\"exe:eirtaero\"></span> \n</div> \nThe long form of =taero and the fact that =ero or =o are the\nregular conditional morphemes suggest that this is a (diachronically)\nmultimorphemic form. One candidate for a source for =taero is =taet\n‘more; again’, which is a good semantic fit for ‘even if’." } ], "index": 7, "level": "low_resource", "question": "This ankle is swollen.", "split": "train" }
Ma sekolain ba buk saerak.	He wants to go to school but he doesn't have a book.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: He wants to go to school but he doesn't have a book.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"He\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: receive\nKalamang translation: tarima\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"He\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wants\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pants\nKalamang translation: sungsung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wants\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: want\nKalamang translation: suka; toni; mau\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go out\nKalamang translation: keluar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go quickly\nKalamang translation: sasat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"school\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"school\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"but\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: butterfly\nKalamang translation: pulpul\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"but\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: but\nKalamang translation: ba; tapi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"he\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: The Netherlands\nKalamang translation: Beladar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"he\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"doesn\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: does not want\nKalamang translation: sukaun ge\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"doesn\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: it doesn't matter\nKalamang translation: don konkonin\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"t\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: may the sun pull out your liver\nKalamang translation: yuon ba mintolmaretkon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"t\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: young coconut\nKalamang translation: wat kabur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"have\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: have a family\nKalamang translation: ruma tangga\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"have\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: have sex\nKalamang translation: yam\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"book\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: look for trouble\nKalamang translation: alanganrep\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"book\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: book\nKalamang translation: buk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"He\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He shook his body, his soil scattered.\nKalamang translation: Ma kadenunat muk, naunun nasuarik.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"He\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He is talking with Yaban's father.\nKalamang translation: Mier Yaban esaunbona garunggarung.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wants\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's mother is heating banana leaves, she wants to make a \"lamet\".\nKalamang translation: Ruslan emuna imolat balare lamerat paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wants\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother is sieving sago, she wants to make sago.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun muapsabur kurera reba minggi sanggeran paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother and family go searching for worms.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun mu bo ibanruo reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I go landwards at that edge.\nKalamang translation: An asun menggara mara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"school\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a school of surgeonfish in the coral.\nKalamang translation: Karariem epkona ram neko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"school\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Above the school there is red soil.\nKalamang translation: Naun kerkap sikola kerun me.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"but\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: This day, it was already late afternoon but the lamps weren't lighted.\nKalamang translation: Yuol wa me go he girgir lampur tok yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"but\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to dry clothes but it's cloudy.\nKalamang translation: An dodonara masatkin ba go git git.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"he\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"he\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Kalamang broke his fast, he isn't fasting.\nKalamang translation: Kalamang me nasek ma tolasnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"doesn\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rehan doesn't want to go, he shakes his head.\nKalamang translation: Rehan sukaun botnin ma nakalunara muk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"doesn\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: It doesn't rain anymore, the containers are dry.\nKalamang translation: Kalis se baratnin; bakbak se kararak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"t\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's mother is heating banana leaves, she wants to make a \"lamet\".\nKalamang translation: Ruslan emuna imolat balare lamerat paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"t\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many leaves at the side of our house, avocado leaves.\nKalamang translation: Kewe mul inggon me lolok reidak, afokat olun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"have\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Muklis' mother have sack of rice with many husks.\nKalamang translation: Muklis emun me pasun goni kon me kupkuwun reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"have\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I have a shirt with a white pattern.\nKalamang translation: Ladanan me bungaun iriskap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I saw Hidayat's father and family skin a deer.\nKalamang translation: An kona Hidayat esun mu rusat kawaruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That crow is making a nest in the coconut.\nKalamang translation: Goras yume eunara wat kerunggo paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"book\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Before, they went to pick mangosteen to cook and eat.\nKalamang translation: Wiseme mu bo gainkajie kuarte na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"book\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He shook his body, his soil scattered.\nKalamang translation: Ma kadenunat muk, naunun nasuarik.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:setok\" label=\"sec:setok\"></span> Kalamang has one\naspectual particle, se ‘already’, and one aspectual word, tok\n‘still; yet; first’. Both follow the subject NP. Se has an allomorph\nhe, which is usually used after vowels (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). This is not a watertight rule:\none does find se after vowels and (less commonly) he after\nconsonants. This suggests that se/he is developing into a clitic\n(which attaches to the subject NP). Because the form se or he is not\ncompletely predictable from the phonological context, I give both\nvariants as they are found in the corpus examples. I gloss se\n‘already’ as <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> for iamitive, which are\n“more or less grammaticalised markers that have functions shared by\n‘already’ and the perfect” .\n(<a href=\"#exe:se1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se1\">[exe:se1]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) illustrate the\nsyntactic position of se and tok, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npas opa me dudan-mur-un se mat panok∼panok\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ncousin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">kin.pl-3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\norder∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘That woman, her cousins already ordered him.’ <span id=\"exe:se1\"\nlabel=\"exe:se1\"></span> sayang-un tok kalom\\<lom\\>un\nnutmeg-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> still\nyoung\\<<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\\>\n‘Their nutmeg is still young.’ <span id=\"exe:tokstill\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokstill\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can have one of three meanings. The meaning ‘still’ is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) above. The meaning\n‘first’ is demonstrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokfirst\">[exe:tokfirst]</a>). When tok is\ncombined with a negated verb, it is translated as ‘yet’. Expressions\nwith the meaning ‘not yet’ are also known as nondums . \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok ecien=i kewe=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> first\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘First he went home.’ <span id=\"exe:tokfirst\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokfirst\"></span> pi taruot=et pi tok sampi=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> yet\narrive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘We are talking, we haven’t finished yet.’ <span id=\"exe:toksampi\"\nlabel=\"exe:toksampi\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can also be a free-standing negative answer (an interjection)\nmeaning either ‘still’ or ‘not yet’, depending on whether the question\ncontained a negative or not. Consider the contrast\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:stillschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:stillschool\">[exe:stillschool]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:notschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:notschool\">[exe:notschool]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> still go.to.school\n‘Do you still go to school?’ tok\nstill\n‘Yes \\[I still go to school\\].’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:stillschool\" label=\"exe:stillschool\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> yet\ngo_to_school=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Don’t you go to school yet?’ tok\nnot.yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:notschool\" label=\"exe:notschool\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:nakalcatok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nakalcatok\">[exe:nakalcatok]</a>) is taken from a\nstory about a black-haired monkey and a white-haired cuscus. The monkey\nasks the cuscus how to become white-haired. The cuscus then traps the\nmonkey in a narrow cage and puts him in the rising sea, whereupon the\nmonkey sees first his feet, then his belly, and then his entire body\nbecome lighter. The first tok in utterance B, an interjection,\ncontrasts with se ‘already’ in utterance A, and hence takes the\nnegative ‘not yet’ meaning. The second tok in answer B is an instance\nof the aspectual marker, here meaning ‘still’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan=at kahetmei eren-an se iren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nopen.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> white\n‘Release me, my body is white!’ o kusukusu toni tok nakal-ca tok\nkuskap=ta ime\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> cuscus say not_yet\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span> still\nblack=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘The cuscus says: “Not yet, your head is still black.”’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nakalcatok\" label=\"exe:nakalcatok\"></span> \n</div> \nIamitive se can often be translated with English ‘already’ or a\nperfect. In(<a href=\"#exe:seboet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:seboet\">[exe:seboet]</a>), the first se acts like\na perfect, while the second can be translated as ‘already’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:seboet\" label=\"exe:seboet\"></span> in se bo watko mu\ntoni wowa kain se bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say aunt\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘We went here, they said your aunt has (already) left.’ \n</div> \nSe is also used to make reference to (cultural) expectations (as is\nthe case in Malay usage/culture, see also ). One cannot ask ‘Are you\nmarried?’ or ‘Do you have children?’ without using se. In Kalamang,\nsince one is expected to marry and reproduce at some point, the use of\nse reflects this expectation.[^87] Likewise, the answer to these\nquestions cannot be ‘yes’ or ‘no’, but has to be se ‘already’ (plus at\nleast a repetition of the predicate and possibly also including a\nsubject) or tok ‘not yet’. An example is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:senamgon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:senamgon\">[exe:senamgon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka se namgon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmarried_female\n‘Are you married?’ tok\nnot_yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:senamgon\" label=\"exe:senamgon\"></span> \n</div> \nThese (cultural) expectations are also expressed through se for more\neveryday situations. In Maas, the village of the speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lampurse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lampurse\">[exe:lampurse]</a>), lights are\nautomatically turned on at 5:30PM. By using se with yuol ‘shine’,\nthe speaker expresses that an expected situation has occurred. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo se ginggir lampur se yuol\ncondition <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> late_afternoon lamp\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> shine\n‘It was late afternoon, the lamps were already on.’\n<span id=\"exe:lampurse\" label=\"exe:lampurse\"></span> \n</div> \nThe iamitive can also be used for changes of state, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sebotemun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sebotemun\">[exe:sebotemun]</a>), where a child has\ngrown up in the course of the story. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan bo lembaga nerun tumun-an se bo temun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go cell inside\nchild-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go big\n‘I went into prison, my child has grown up.’ <span id=\"exe:sebotemun\"\nlabel=\"exe:sebotemun\"></span> \n</div> \nFinally, iamitive se occurs in a fixed expression with koyet ‘to be\nfinished’ to indicate the end of a state or event, or of an entire\nstory. (<a href=\"#exe:pakuin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pakuin\">[exe:pakuin]</a>) narrates the building of a\nhouse. Se koyet is used to indicate that a day’s work is finished.\n(<a href=\"#exe:maraouk\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:maraouk\">[exe:maraouk]</a>) is the last utterance in\na story about a feast. The last events are listed (the serving and\nconsuming of tea and food), and then the story is closed off with se\nkoyet ‘the end’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntoni eh ma se me se koyet kasur=et eba paku=kin\nsay hey <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\ntomorrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\nnail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘\\[He\\] said: “Hey, that’s it, \\[we’re\\] finished, tomorrow we’ll nail.’\n<span id=\"exe:pakuin\" label=\"exe:pakuin\"></span> mu ter=at maraouk\nmuaw=at maraouk in ter-nan=i koyet muap=i koyet se koyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n‘They served the tea, served the food, we finished drinking tea,\nfinished eating, the end.’ <span id=\"exe:maraouk\"\nlabel=\"exe:maraouk\"></span> \n</div> \nThe two aspectual markers are compatible with negated or inherently\nnegative verbs (§<a href=\"#sec:lexicalneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lexicalneg\">[sec:lexicalneg]</a>), but change in\nmeaning. The aspectual markers have scope over the negation. The\naspectual word tok ‘still; yet; first’ can be combined with a negated\npredicate to form the meaning ‘not yet’, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokki\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokki\">[exe:tokki]</a>) (see\nalso<a href=\"#exe:toksampi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:toksampi\">[exe:toksampi]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:tokki\" label=\"exe:tokki\"></span> <span id=\"exe:tokna\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokna\"></span> ma tok nawanggar\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still wait\n‘He still waits.’ \n<span id=\"exe:tokbotnin\" label=\"exe:tokbotnin\"></span> Nyong esun\ntok bot=nin\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> yet\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Nyong’s father doesn’t go yet.’ \nWhen iamitive se is combined with a negative verb or negated\npredicate, it forms the meaning ‘not any more’. This is illustrated in\nexample(<a href=\"#exe:se\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se\">[exe:se]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:se\" label=\"exe:se\"></span> <span id=\"exe:inse\"\nlabel=\"exe:inse\"></span> in se mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> come\n‘We had already come.’ \n<span id=\"exe:heparuotnin\" label=\"exe:heparuotnin\"></span> ma se\nparuot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He won’t do it any more.’ \nTable<a href=\"#tab:setok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:setok\">15.1</a> shows the meanings associated with\nse and tok in affirmative and negative clauses. \n<div id=\"tab:setok\"> \n\| \| iamitive se \| nondum tok \|\n\|:------------\|:--------------------\|:------------------\|\n\| affirmative \| perfective; already \| still; yet; first \|\n\| negative \| not anymore \| not yet \|\n\| \| \| \| \nAspectual markers se and tok in affirmative and negative clauses \n</div> \nThe aspectual markers have scope over quantifiers and predicates.\nConsider (<a href=\"#exe:redai\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:redai\">[exe:redai]</a>), where negator =nin has\nscope over reidak ‘much’ and na ‘eat’, and tok has scope over\nboth. For a further description of the behaviour of quantifiers with\nrespect to the NP and the predicate, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:nmodqnt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nmodqnt\">[sec:nmodqnt]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok reidak-i nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> yet\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He hasn’t eaten much yet.’ <span id=\"exe:redai\"\nlabel=\"exe:redai\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe most common possessive construction is created by means of the\npossessive suffix. I refer to this as the basic possessive construction.\nThis construction can be used for both animate and inanimate possessors\nand possessed. See(<a href=\"#exe:tumunan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tumunan\">[exe:tumunan]</a>) with tumun ‘child’\nand(<a href=\"#exe:dowiwe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dowiwe\">[exe:dowiwe]</a>) with dowi ‘seed’ as the\npossessed, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan bo lembaga nerun tumun-an se bo temun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go prison inside\nchild-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go big\n‘I went to prison, and my child has grown big.’ <span id=\"exe:tumunan\"\nlabel=\"exe:tumunan\"></span> nain dowi-pe opa me\nlike seed-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘Like those seeds of ours.’ <span id=\"exe:dowiwe\"\nlabel=\"exe:dowiwe\"></span> \n</div> \nThe third-person possessive suffix, in its singular reading, is used for\na variety of functions with NPs that contain both possessor and\npossessed including teknonyms, part-whole relations and place names.\nThese are described in the following paragraphs. \nKalamang has five nouns that are morphophonologically inalienable\n(§<a href=\"#sec:inal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inal\">[sec:inal]</a>). These are kiar-/kie-\n‘wife’, nam- ‘husband’, kia- ‘same-sex sibling’, dun-\n‘opposite-sex sibling’ and tara- ‘grandparent; grandchild’. These five\nroots cannot occur without a possessive suffix. Alienability does not,\nhowever, play a further role in the choice of possessive construction.\nFor a further discussion, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:posspron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:posspron\">10.4</a>. \nThere are a number of conventionalised constructions that can or must be\nmade by means of the third-person possessive suffix -un. First,\nteknonyms, a common term of address, are made with this possessive\nsuffix. Teknonyms are formed with the name of a firstborn and follow the\ntemplate \\[name\\] \\[kinship term\\]-\\[un\\], where the kinship term can\nbe esa ‘father’, ema ‘mother’ or tara- ‘grandparent’.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:nyongemun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nyongemun\">[exe:nyongemun]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:diantaraun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:diantaraun\">[exe:diantaraun]</a>). Note that esa\nand ema are esun and emun, respectively, when inflected with the\nthird-person possessive suffix -un. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkan Nyong emun tok bo=ta opa me ... Nyong esun tok\nbot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.mly</span> Nyong\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> first\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n\\[...\\] Nyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> yet\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Right, Nyong’s mother went first, Nyong’s father didn’t go yet.’\n<span id=\"exe:nyongemun\" label=\"exe:nyongemun\"></span> Dian\ntara-un=a Pakpak=a bot=kin\nDian grandparent-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span>\nFakfak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Dian’s grandfather wants to go to Fakfak.’ <span id=\"exe:diantaraun\"\nlabel=\"exe:diantaraun\"></span> \n</div> \nSecond, part-whole relations may be made with -un, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:partwholes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:partwholes\">[exe:partwholes]</a>). The suffix -un\nattaches to the base. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nkerar nar-un\nturtle egg-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘turtle egg’ rumrum ol-un\nplant_species leaf-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘rumrum leaf’ polkayak nak-un\npapaya fruit-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘papaya fruit’ et bol-un\ncanoe rim-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘rim of canoe’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:partwholes\" label=\"exe:partwholes\"></span> \n</div> \nIn part-whole relations, it is common to omit the first noun if the\nreferent is clearly identified from the context. \nThird, geographical names may make use of a construction with\nthird-person possessive -un. On the island where Kalamang is spoken,\neach coastal area around a bay has a name. Several landscape features\nare associated with this name. Thus, the area of Tat includes Tat Os\n‘Tat Beach’ and Tat Karimun ‘Cape Tat’. Two landscape features are\ninflected with -un when they follow a geographical name: wilak\n‘sea’, given in(<a href=\"#exe:wilaun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wilaun\">[exe:wilaun]</a>) and kelek ‘mountain;\ninland’, illustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:keleun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:keleun\">[exe:keleun]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nSek wilak-un metko tebolsuban\nSek sea-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span> fish_at_reef_edge\n‘\\[She\\] went fishing at Sek’s sea.’ <span id=\"exe:wilaun\"\nlabel=\"exe:wilaun\"></span> ma Sabaor=ka kasawari=at sarie Sabaor\nkelek-un=ka\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nSabaor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ncassowary=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> chase Sabaor\ninland-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=lat</span>\n‘He chased the cassowary from Sabaor, from Sabaor inland.’\n<span id=\"exe:keleun\" label=\"exe:keleun\"></span> \n</div> \nThe landscape feature karimun ‘cape’ may contain the morpheme -un,\nbut there is no evidence for or against this at the moment. There are no\nrecorded occurrences of karimun-un.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: He wants to go to school but he doesn't have a book.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Ma sekolain ba buk saerak.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Ma sekolain ba buk saerak.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Mood, aspect and modality marking", "Header 3": "Aspect", "Header 4": "Iamitive se ‘already’ and nondum tok ‘still; yet; first’" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:setok\" label=\"sec:setok\"></span> Kalamang has one\naspectual particle, se ‘already’, and one aspectual word, tok\n‘still; yet; first’. Both follow the subject NP. Se has an allomorph\nhe, which is usually used after vowels (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). This is not a watertight rule:\none does find se after vowels and (less commonly) he after\nconsonants. This suggests that se/he is developing into a clitic\n(which attaches to the subject NP). Because the form se or he is not\ncompletely predictable from the phonological context, I give both\nvariants as they are found in the corpus examples. I gloss se\n‘already’ as <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> for iamitive, which are\n“more or less grammaticalised markers that have functions shared by\n‘already’ and the perfect” .\n(<a href=\"#exe:se1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se1\">[exe:se1]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) illustrate the\nsyntactic position of se and tok, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npas opa me dudan-mur-un se mat panok∼panok\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ncousin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">kin.pl-3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\norder∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘That woman, her cousins already ordered him.’ <span id=\"exe:se1\"\nlabel=\"exe:se1\"></span> sayang-un tok kalom\\<lom\\>un\nnutmeg-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> still\nyoung\\<<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\\>\n‘Their nutmeg is still young.’ <span id=\"exe:tokstill\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokstill\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can have one of three meanings. The meaning ‘still’ is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) above. The meaning\n‘first’ is demonstrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokfirst\">[exe:tokfirst]</a>). When tok is\ncombined with a negated verb, it is translated as ‘yet’. Expressions\nwith the meaning ‘not yet’ are also known as nondums . \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok ecien=i kewe=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> first\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘First he went home.’ <span id=\"exe:tokfirst\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokfirst\"></span> pi taruot=et pi tok sampi=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> yet\narrive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘We are talking, we haven’t finished yet.’ <span id=\"exe:toksampi\"\nlabel=\"exe:toksampi\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can also be a free-standing negative answer (an interjection)\nmeaning either ‘still’ or ‘not yet’, depending on whether the question\ncontained a negative or not. Consider the contrast\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:stillschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:stillschool\">[exe:stillschool]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:notschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:notschool\">[exe:notschool]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> still go.to.school\n‘Do you still go to school?’ tok\nstill\n‘Yes \\[I still go to school\\].’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:stillschool\" label=\"exe:stillschool\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> yet\ngo_to_school=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Don’t you go to school yet?’ tok\nnot.yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:notschool\" label=\"exe:notschool\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:nakalcatok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nakalcatok\">[exe:nakalcatok]</a>) is taken from a\nstory about a black-haired monkey and a white-haired cuscus. The monkey\nasks the cuscus how to become white-haired. The cuscus then traps the\nmonkey in a narrow cage and puts him in the rising sea, whereupon the\nmonkey sees first his feet, then his belly, and then his entire body\nbecome lighter. The first tok in utterance B, an interjection,\ncontrasts with se ‘already’ in utterance A, and hence takes the\nnegative ‘not yet’ meaning. The second tok in answer B is an instance\nof the aspectual marker, here meaning ‘still’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan=at kahetmei eren-an se iren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nopen.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> white\n‘Release me, my body is white!’ o kusukusu toni tok nakal-ca tok\nkuskap=ta ime\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> cuscus say not_yet\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span> still\nblack=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘The cuscus says: “Not yet, your head is still black.”’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nakalcatok\" label=\"exe:nakalcatok\"></span> \n</div> \nIamitive se can often be translated with English ‘already’ or a\nperfect. In(<a href=\"#exe:seboet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:seboet\">[exe:seboet]</a>), the first se acts like\na perfect, while the second can be translated as ‘already’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:seboet\" label=\"exe:seboet\"></span> in se bo watko mu\ntoni wowa kain se bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say aunt\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘We went here, they said your aunt has (already) left.’ \n</div> \nSe is also used to make reference to (cultural) expectations (as is\nthe case in Malay usage/culture, see also ). One cannot ask ‘Are you\nmarried?’ or ‘Do you have children?’ without using se. In Kalamang,\nsince one is expected to marry and reproduce at some point, the use of\nse reflects this expectation.[^87] Likewise, the answer to these\nquestions cannot be ‘yes’ or ‘no’, but has to be se ‘already’ (plus at\nleast a repetition of the predicate and possibly also including a\nsubject) or tok ‘not yet’. An example is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:senamgon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:senamgon\">[exe:senamgon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka se namgon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmarried_female\n‘Are you married?’ tok\nnot_yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:senamgon\" label=\"exe:senamgon\"></span> \n</div> \nThese (cultural) expectations are also expressed through se for more\neveryday situations. In Maas, the village of the speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lampurse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lampurse\">[exe:lampurse]</a>), lights are\nautomatically turned on at 5:30PM. By using se with yuol ‘shine’,\nthe speaker expresses that an expected situation has occurred. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo se ginggir lampur se yuol\ncondition <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> late_afternoon lamp\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> shine\n‘It was late afternoon, the lamps were already on.’\n<span id=\"exe:lampurse\" label=\"exe:lampurse\"></span> \n</div> \nThe iamitive can also be used for changes of state, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sebotemun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sebotemun\">[exe:sebotemun]</a>), where a child has\ngrown up in the course of the story. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan bo lembaga nerun tumun-an se bo temun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go cell inside\nchild-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go big\n‘I went into prison, my child has grown up.’ <span id=\"exe:sebotemun\"\nlabel=\"exe:sebotemun\"></span> \n</div> \nFinally, iamitive se occurs in a fixed expression with koyet ‘to be\nfinished’ to indicate the end of a state or event, or of an entire\nstory. (<a href=\"#exe:pakuin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pakuin\">[exe:pakuin]</a>) narrates the building of a\nhouse. Se koyet is used to indicate that a day’s work is finished.\n(<a href=\"#exe:maraouk\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:maraouk\">[exe:maraouk]</a>) is the last utterance in\na story about a feast. The last events are listed (the serving and\nconsuming of tea and food), and then the story is closed off with se\nkoyet ‘the end’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntoni eh ma se me se koyet kasur=et eba paku=kin\nsay hey <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\ntomorrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\nnail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘\\[He\\] said: “Hey, that’s it, \\[we’re\\] finished, tomorrow we’ll nail.’\n<span id=\"exe:pakuin\" label=\"exe:pakuin\"></span> mu ter=at maraouk\nmuaw=at maraouk in ter-nan=i koyet muap=i koyet se koyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n‘They served the tea, served the food, we finished drinking tea,\nfinished eating, the end.’ <span id=\"exe:maraouk\"\nlabel=\"exe:maraouk\"></span> \n</div> \nThe two aspectual markers are compatible with negated or inherently\nnegative verbs (§<a href=\"#sec:lexicalneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lexicalneg\">[sec:lexicalneg]</a>), but change in\nmeaning. The aspectual markers have scope over the negation. The\naspectual word tok ‘still; yet; first’ can be combined with a negated\npredicate to form the meaning ‘not yet’, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokki\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokki\">[exe:tokki]</a>) (see\nalso<a href=\"#exe:toksampi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:toksampi\">[exe:toksampi]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:tokki\" label=\"exe:tokki\"></span> <span id=\"exe:tokna\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokna\"></span> ma tok nawanggar\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still wait\n‘He still waits.’ \n<span id=\"exe:tokbotnin\" label=\"exe:tokbotnin\"></span> Nyong esun\ntok bot=nin\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> yet\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Nyong’s father doesn’t go yet.’ \nWhen iamitive se is combined with a negative verb or negated\npredicate, it forms the meaning ‘not any more’. This is illustrated in\nexample(<a href=\"#exe:se\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se\">[exe:se]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:se\" label=\"exe:se\"></span> <span id=\"exe:inse\"\nlabel=\"exe:inse\"></span> in se mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> come\n‘We had already come.’ \n<span id=\"exe:heparuotnin\" label=\"exe:heparuotnin\"></span> ma se\nparuot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He won’t do it any more.’ \nTable<a href=\"#tab:setok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:setok\">15.1</a> shows the meanings associated with\nse and tok in affirmative and negative clauses. \n<div id=\"tab:setok\"> \n\| \| iamitive se \| nondum tok \|\n\|:------------\|:--------------------\|:------------------\|\n\| affirmative \| perfective; already \| still; yet; first \|\n\| negative \| not anymore \| not yet \|\n\| \| \| \| \nAspectual markers se and tok in affirmative and negative clauses \n</div> \nThe aspectual markers have scope over quantifiers and predicates.\nConsider (<a href=\"#exe:redai\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:redai\">[exe:redai]</a>), where negator =nin has\nscope over reidak ‘much’ and na ‘eat’, and tok has scope over\nboth. For a further description of the behaviour of quantifiers with\nrespect to the NP and the predicate, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:nmodqnt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nmodqnt\">[sec:nmodqnt]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok reidak-i nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> yet\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He hasn’t eaten much yet.’ <span id=\"exe:redai\"\nlabel=\"exe:redai\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Possessive and associative constructions", "Header 2": "Basic possessive constructions", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "The most common possessive construction is created by means of the\npossessive suffix. I refer to this as the basic possessive construction.\nThis construction can be used for both animate and inanimate possessors\nand possessed. See(<a href=\"#exe:tumunan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tumunan\">[exe:tumunan]</a>) with tumun ‘child’\nand(<a href=\"#exe:dowiwe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dowiwe\">[exe:dowiwe]</a>) with dowi ‘seed’ as the\npossessed, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan bo lembaga nerun tumun-an se bo temun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go prison inside\nchild-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go big\n‘I went to prison, and my child has grown big.’ <span id=\"exe:tumunan\"\nlabel=\"exe:tumunan\"></span> nain dowi-pe opa me\nlike seed-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘Like those seeds of ours.’ <span id=\"exe:dowiwe\"\nlabel=\"exe:dowiwe\"></span> \n</div> \nThe third-person possessive suffix, in its singular reading, is used for\na variety of functions with NPs that contain both possessor and\npossessed including teknonyms, part-whole relations and place names.\nThese are described in the following paragraphs. \nKalamang has five nouns that are morphophonologically inalienable\n(§<a href=\"#sec:inal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inal\">[sec:inal]</a>). These are kiar-/kie-\n‘wife’, nam- ‘husband’, kia- ‘same-sex sibling’, dun-\n‘opposite-sex sibling’ and tara- ‘grandparent; grandchild’. These five\nroots cannot occur without a possessive suffix. Alienability does not,\nhowever, play a further role in the choice of possessive construction.\nFor a further discussion, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:posspron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:posspron\">10.4</a>. \nThere are a number of conventionalised constructions that can or must be\nmade by means of the third-person possessive suffix -un. First,\nteknonyms, a common term of address, are made with this possessive\nsuffix. Teknonyms are formed with the name of a firstborn and follow the\ntemplate \\[name\\] \\[kinship term\\]-\\[un\\], where the kinship term can\nbe esa ‘father’, ema ‘mother’ or tara- ‘grandparent’.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:nyongemun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nyongemun\">[exe:nyongemun]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:diantaraun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:diantaraun\">[exe:diantaraun]</a>). Note that esa\nand ema are esun and emun, respectively, when inflected with the\nthird-person possessive suffix -un. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkan Nyong emun tok bo=ta opa me ... Nyong esun tok\nbot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.mly</span> Nyong\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> first\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n\\[...\\] Nyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> yet\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Right, Nyong’s mother went first, Nyong’s father didn’t go yet.’\n<span id=\"exe:nyongemun\" label=\"exe:nyongemun\"></span> Dian\ntara-un=a Pakpak=a bot=kin\nDian grandparent-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span>\nFakfak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Dian’s grandfather wants to go to Fakfak.’ <span id=\"exe:diantaraun\"\nlabel=\"exe:diantaraun\"></span> \n</div> \nSecond, part-whole relations may be made with -un, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:partwholes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:partwholes\">[exe:partwholes]</a>). The suffix -un\nattaches to the base. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nkerar nar-un\nturtle egg-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘turtle egg’ rumrum ol-un\nplant_species leaf-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘rumrum leaf’ polkayak nak-un\npapaya fruit-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘papaya fruit’ et bol-un\ncanoe rim-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘rim of canoe’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:partwholes\" label=\"exe:partwholes\"></span> \n</div> \nIn part-whole relations, it is common to omit the first noun if the\nreferent is clearly identified from the context. \nThird, geographical names may make use of a construction with\nthird-person possessive -un. On the island where Kalamang is spoken,\neach coastal area around a bay has a name. Several landscape features\nare associated with this name. Thus, the area of Tat includes Tat Os\n‘Tat Beach’ and Tat Karimun ‘Cape Tat’. Two landscape features are\ninflected with -un when they follow a geographical name: wilak\n‘sea’, given in(<a href=\"#exe:wilaun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wilaun\">[exe:wilaun]</a>) and kelek ‘mountain;\ninland’, illustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:keleun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:keleun\">[exe:keleun]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nSek wilak-un metko tebolsuban\nSek sea-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span> fish_at_reef_edge\n‘\\[She\\] went fishing at Sek’s sea.’ <span id=\"exe:wilaun\"\nlabel=\"exe:wilaun\"></span> ma Sabaor=ka kasawari=at sarie Sabaor\nkelek-un=ka\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nSabaor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ncassowary=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> chase Sabaor\ninland-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=lat</span>\n‘He chased the cassowary from Sabaor, from Sabaor inland.’\n<span id=\"exe:keleun\" label=\"exe:keleun\"></span> \n</div> \nThe landscape feature karimun ‘cape’ may contain the morpheme -un,\nbut there is no evidence for or against this at the moment. There are no\nrecorded occurrences of karimun-un." } ], "index": 8, "level": "low_resource", "question": "He wants to go to school but he doesn't have a book.", "split": "train" }
Sundus kieun me mun reidak.	Sundus' wife has many lice.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Sundus' wife has many lice.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Sundus\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: asparagus bean\nKalamang translation: kawuok kahahen\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Sundus\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Sunday\nKalamang translation: hari minggu; minggu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wife\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: second wife\nKalamang translation: kieun caun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wife\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: his wife\nKalamang translation: kieun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"has\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: handpalm\nKalamang translation: tan laus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"has\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: harlequin shrimp\nKalamang translation: sairarar ladok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"many\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: many hungry people\nKalamang translation: muawesese\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"many\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how many\nKalamang translation: puraman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"lice\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: police\nKalamang translation: pulisi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"lice\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: slice\nKalamang translation: korot; marum; narari; polas; polas\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Sundus\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Fit cooked rice (but) it's undercooked.\nKalamang translation: Fit pasat kuarta kangguar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Sundus\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sunday Unyil's father and family will return.\nKalamang translation: Hari ahat Unyil esun mu he yecie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wife\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Did your wife go up the mountain?\nKalamang translation: Ka kiar kolakara era?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wife\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Laka's wife is tearing pandanus leaf.\nKalamang translation: Laka kieun padamualmasarut.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"has\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Malik has an illness in his veins.\nKalamang translation: Malik kaden kiesun ning.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"has\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor has finished eating, he's rinsing his mouth.\nKalamang translation: Mayor muawi koyet, ma kanggursau reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"many\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother has many chickens, but they are still small.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun kokoun reidak ba tok kinkinun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"many\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many lusi muaun trees at Sar, but they are dry.\nKalamang translation: Lusi muaun me Sarko reidak ma ma he sasa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"lice\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Muklis' mother have sack of rice with many husks.\nKalamang translation: Muklis emun me pasun goni kon me kupkuwun reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"lice\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The top of the rice is still undercooked.\nKalamang translation: Pasa me keirun tok kangguar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe single most common asymmetrical SVC is with bo ‘to go’, an\nindependent verb that can be modified with all mood, aspect and modality\nmarkers available in Kalamang. It is, however, also an irregular verb,\nwhich always takes the form bot when it is the only verb in the\nconstruction, but bo when it occurs in a SVC (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:stems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stems\">4.4.6.1</a> for an introduction to verb roots\nin -t, and §<a href=\"#sec:ntverbs\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ntverbs\">[sec:ntverbs]</a> for a discussion of these\nas a separate verb class).[^82] It is multifunctional, and always occurs\nas the first verb in the SVC. \nFirst, it occurs in purposive motion serialisation, where bo ‘to go’\nindicates the movement of the subject, and the second verb indicates the\npurpose. The second verb can be any dynamic verb, transitive or\nintransitive. Consider the following examples with an intransitive verb,\na transitive verb with incorporated object, and a transitive verb with\nobject, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni e an bo war=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He said: “Eh, I go fishing.”’ <span id=\"exe:bowark\"\nlabel=\"exe:bowark\"></span> tumun kon se bo kai-rep\nchild one <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go firewood-get\n‘One of the children went to collect firewood.’ <span id=\"exe:tumkon\"\nlabel=\"exe:tumkon\"></span> mu tok bo walor=at saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> first go\ncoconut_leaf=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> ascend\n‘They first went to harvest \\[lit. ascend\\] coconut leaves.’\n<span id=\"exe:walsar\" label=\"exe:walsar\"></span> \n</div> \nSecond, bo ‘to go’ occurs in SVCs with stative intransitive verbs in\nchange-of-state serialisation. Like in purposive motion serialisation,\nbo ‘to go’ needs to be the first verb in the construction.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:borei\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:borei\">[exe:borei]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:eiririr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiririr\">[exe:eiririr]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum bo reidak mindi\nperson go many like_that\n‘We became many people, like that.’ <span id=\"exe:borei\"\nlabel=\"exe:borei\"></span> bungkus eir∼eir-i kahetma gelas bo\nmikon\nsachet two∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr-objqnt</span> open glass go\nfull\n‘Open two sachets each, until the glass is full.’ <span id=\"exe:eiririr\"\nlabel=\"exe:eiririr\"></span> \n</div> \nA fixed expression that is a variant of change-of-state serialisation\nwith bo ‘to go’ and tik ‘to take a long time’ is bo tik ‘before\nlong’. Note that change-of-state can also be expressed with nominals\nreferring to times of the day in predicate function, e.g. bo go saun\n‘until the evening; after it had turned evening’ (with go saun\n‘evening’ ). \nThird, bo ‘to go’ occurs in constructions with locatives and latives\nto indicate motion towards a goal (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:svcloclat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:svcloclat\">[sec:svcloclat]</a>).\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe noun phrase (NP) is an important analytical concept in Kalamang\ngrammar, as it is the domain of attachment of postpositions and topic\nand focus markers. The object NP is marked with object postposition\n=at, forming a postpositional phrase (PP). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma ror cicaun=at pue\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> tree\nsmall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> hit\n‘He/she hits the small tree.’ \n</div> \nThere are eight other postpositions, which indicate the function of\nperipheral NPs. They are all enclitics that attach to the right edge of\nthe NP. They are the comitative, instrumental, benefactive, similative,\nlocative, ablative/allative (henceforth lative), animate locative and\nanimate lative postpositions. These postpositions head the PP, and are\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:ppfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ppfirst\">[exe:ppfirst]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:pplast\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pplast\">[exe:pplast]</a>) on NPs consisting of a\nsingle noun. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=bon kiun=bon se bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=com</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.poss=com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\n‘He and his wife have gone.’ <span id=\"exe:ppfirst\"\nlabel=\"exe:ppfirst\"></span> ka pasa=at sasul=ki na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nrice=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nspoon=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins</span> consume\n‘You eat rice with a spoon.’ canam kewe=at kiun=ki paruo\nman house=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.poss=ben</span> make\n‘The man makes a house for his wife.’ ma per=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nwater=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\n‘It’s like water.’ kasamin-an kewe=ko\nbird-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘My bird is in the house.’ tumun wilak=ka bot\nchild sea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go\n‘The child goes to the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:pplast\"\nlabel=\"exe:pplast\"></span> \n</div> \nKalamang has no articles, so the definite/indefinite translations in the\nelicited examples are based on whatever makes most sense in the context,\nif there is any. \nThe NP is left-headed, except for nominal possessors, which precede the\npossessed noun. Besides nominal possessors, nouns can be modified by\nquantifiers, possessive pronouns, demonstratives, attributively used\npredicates and relative clauses. The relative ordering of these is not\nquite clear, and combinations of modifiers is very rare in the Kalamang\ncorpus, so examples illustrating one modifier at a time are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:balfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:balfirst\">[exe:balfirst]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:ballast\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ballast\">[exe:ballast]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbal muap-un\ndog food-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘the dog’s food’ <span id=\"exe:balfirst\" label=\"exe:balfirst\"></span>\nbal eir kanggeit\ndog two play\n‘Two dogs play.’ bal anggon kanggeit\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.prox</span> play\n‘My dog plays.’ bal wa kanggeit\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> play\n‘This dog plays.’ bal kotur-ten kanggeit\ndog dirty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span> play\n‘A dirty dog plays.’ <span id=\"exe:ballast\" label=\"exe:ballast\"></span> \n</div> \nNouns, NPs and PPs are the topic of\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:noun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:noun\">7</a>. Noun modifiers are discussed in\nChapters<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>\nto<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Sundus' wife has many lice.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Sundus kieun me mun reidak.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Sundus kieun me mun reidak.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Complex predicates", "Header 2": "Serial verb constructions", "Header 3": "Asymmetrical SVCs", "Header 4": "With bo ‘go’" }, "passage": "The single most common asymmetrical SVC is with bo ‘to go’, an\nindependent verb that can be modified with all mood, aspect and modality\nmarkers available in Kalamang. It is, however, also an irregular verb,\nwhich always takes the form bot when it is the only verb in the\nconstruction, but bo when it occurs in a SVC (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:stems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stems\">4.4.6.1</a> for an introduction to verb roots\nin -t, and §<a href=\"#sec:ntverbs\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ntverbs\">[sec:ntverbs]</a> for a discussion of these\nas a separate verb class).[^82] It is multifunctional, and always occurs\nas the first verb in the SVC. \nFirst, it occurs in purposive motion serialisation, where bo ‘to go’\nindicates the movement of the subject, and the second verb indicates the\npurpose. The second verb can be any dynamic verb, transitive or\nintransitive. Consider the following examples with an intransitive verb,\na transitive verb with incorporated object, and a transitive verb with\nobject, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni e an bo war=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He said: “Eh, I go fishing.”’ <span id=\"exe:bowark\"\nlabel=\"exe:bowark\"></span> tumun kon se bo kai-rep\nchild one <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go firewood-get\n‘One of the children went to collect firewood.’ <span id=\"exe:tumkon\"\nlabel=\"exe:tumkon\"></span> mu tok bo walor=at saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> first go\ncoconut_leaf=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> ascend\n‘They first went to harvest \\[lit. ascend\\] coconut leaves.’\n<span id=\"exe:walsar\" label=\"exe:walsar\"></span> \n</div> \nSecond, bo ‘to go’ occurs in SVCs with stative intransitive verbs in\nchange-of-state serialisation. Like in purposive motion serialisation,\nbo ‘to go’ needs to be the first verb in the construction.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:borei\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:borei\">[exe:borei]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:eiririr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiririr\">[exe:eiririr]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum bo reidak mindi\nperson go many like_that\n‘We became many people, like that.’ <span id=\"exe:borei\"\nlabel=\"exe:borei\"></span> bungkus eir∼eir-i kahetma gelas bo\nmikon\nsachet two∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr-objqnt</span> open glass go\nfull\n‘Open two sachets each, until the glass is full.’ <span id=\"exe:eiririr\"\nlabel=\"exe:eiririr\"></span> \n</div> \nA fixed expression that is a variant of change-of-state serialisation\nwith bo ‘to go’ and tik ‘to take a long time’ is bo tik ‘before\nlong’. Note that change-of-state can also be expressed with nominals\nreferring to times of the day in predicate function, e.g. bo go saun\n‘until the evening; after it had turned evening’ (with go saun\n‘evening’ ). \nThird, bo ‘to go’ occurs in constructions with locatives and latives\nto indicate motion towards a goal (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:svcloclat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:svcloclat\">[sec:svcloclat]</a>)." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Short grammatical overview of Kalamang", "Header 2": "Nouns, noun phrases and postpositional phrases", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "The noun phrase (NP) is an important analytical concept in Kalamang\ngrammar, as it is the domain of attachment of postpositions and topic\nand focus markers. The object NP is marked with object postposition\n=at, forming a postpositional phrase (PP). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma ror cicaun=at pue\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> tree\nsmall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> hit\n‘He/she hits the small tree.’ \n</div> \nThere are eight other postpositions, which indicate the function of\nperipheral NPs. They are all enclitics that attach to the right edge of\nthe NP. They are the comitative, instrumental, benefactive, similative,\nlocative, ablative/allative (henceforth lative), animate locative and\nanimate lative postpositions. These postpositions head the PP, and are\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:ppfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ppfirst\">[exe:ppfirst]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:pplast\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pplast\">[exe:pplast]</a>) on NPs consisting of a\nsingle noun. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=bon kiun=bon se bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=com</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.poss=com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\n‘He and his wife have gone.’ <span id=\"exe:ppfirst\"\nlabel=\"exe:ppfirst\"></span> ka pasa=at sasul=ki na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nrice=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nspoon=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins</span> consume\n‘You eat rice with a spoon.’ canam kewe=at kiun=ki paruo\nman house=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.poss=ben</span> make\n‘The man makes a house for his wife.’ ma per=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nwater=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\n‘It’s like water.’ kasamin-an kewe=ko\nbird-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘My bird is in the house.’ tumun wilak=ka bot\nchild sea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go\n‘The child goes to the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:pplast\"\nlabel=\"exe:pplast\"></span> \n</div> \nKalamang has no articles, so the definite/indefinite translations in the\nelicited examples are based on whatever makes most sense in the context,\nif there is any. \nThe NP is left-headed, except for nominal possessors, which precede the\npossessed noun. Besides nominal possessors, nouns can be modified by\nquantifiers, possessive pronouns, demonstratives, attributively used\npredicates and relative clauses. The relative ordering of these is not\nquite clear, and combinations of modifiers is very rare in the Kalamang\ncorpus, so examples illustrating one modifier at a time are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:balfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:balfirst\">[exe:balfirst]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:ballast\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ballast\">[exe:ballast]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbal muap-un\ndog food-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘the dog’s food’ <span id=\"exe:balfirst\" label=\"exe:balfirst\"></span>\nbal eir kanggeit\ndog two play\n‘Two dogs play.’ bal anggon kanggeit\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.prox</span> play\n‘My dog plays.’ bal wa kanggeit\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> play\n‘This dog plays.’ bal kotur-ten kanggeit\ndog dirty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span> play\n‘A dirty dog plays.’ <span id=\"exe:ballast\" label=\"exe:ballast\"></span> \n</div> \nNouns, NPs and PPs are the topic of\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:noun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:noun\">7</a>. Noun modifiers are discussed in\nChapters<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>\nto<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>." } ], "index": 9, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Sundus' wife has many lice.", "split": "train" }
Ema anggon se somin an tok cicaun.	My mother died when I was small.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: My mother died when I was small.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"My\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tray\nKalamang translation: talam\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"My\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sixty\nKalamang translation: putraman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: greatgrandmother\nKalamang translation: ninanus; tataninanus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mother\nKalamang translation: ema\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"died\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: married\nKalamang translation: kion\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"died\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: married (woman)\nKalamang translation: namgon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"when\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: kitchen\nKalamang translation: didiras\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"when\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: when\nKalamang translation: waktu; yuol tama\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"was\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: wash face\nKalamang translation: kanggisawuo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"was\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: wasp\nKalamang translation: kier\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"small\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: small motor\nKalamang translation: pokpok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"small\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: small chainsaw\nKalamang translation: sensur caun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"My\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My bag has disappeared.\nKalamang translation: Tasan he gosomin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"My\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My heart is broken.\nKalamang translation: Minan karaok.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother lost weight, she's small.\nKalamang translation: Saiilima emun kadenun tur, kaden cicaun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.\nKalamang translation: Tamandi emun kiwat semda bo dalangdalang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"died\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He himself tidied his house up there.\nKalamang translation: Marain keweun osane nawanona.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"died\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mamaria died in Tarak.\nKalamang translation: Mamaria Torkuranggo lalat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"when\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When the tide is very low Tamandi's mother and friends go fishing for small fish with poisonous root.\nKalamang translation: Warkin emun kararak Tamandi emun mu birbir tup.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"when\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I hit a sharp thing, then I screamed: ouch!\nKalamang translation: An don kang komain, eba an arekmang: adihǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"was\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That day there was a lot of fish.\nKalamang translation: Yuol me sorat fakurat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"was\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother went fishing, her fishing line was entangled.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun bo warta nikaun kolkol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"small\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother lost weight, she's small.\nKalamang translation: Saiilima emun kadenun tur, kaden cicaun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"small\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When the tide is very low Tamandi's mother and friends go fishing for small fish with poisonous root.\nKalamang translation: Warkin emun kararak Tamandi emun mu birbir tup.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:narr\" label=\"sec:narr\"></span> Here, I present a brief\nanalysis of the structure of Kalamang narratives, focusing on\ntraditional fictional narratives, but drawing some parallels with\nnon-fictional and stimulus-based narratives.[^95] \nThis section is based on the analysis of 18 narratives, of which 14 are\ntraditional fictional narratives (mythological or fable-like stories\nabout ancestors or places, known to many people in the Kalamang\ncommunity), two are non-fictional narratives (stories about things that\nhappened during the lifetime of the speaker), and two are stimulus-based\nfictional narratives: Jackal & crow and Frog, where are you? . The\nstories are told by six different Kalamang speakers. For each narrative\n(following ), the following characteristics were analysed: the opening,\nsupplying of background, presenting of the protagonist(s), participant\ntracking, devices for structuring, songs and formula, and the closing. \nTitles, corpus tags, a summary and the name of the storyteller of the\nnarratives treated in this section are presented in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:stories\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:stories\">18.1</a>. The 14 traditional fictional\nnarratives are presented first, followed by the two non-fictional\nnarratives and the two stimulus-based fictional narratives. \n<div id=\"tab:stories\"> \n\| title \| tag \| summary \| storyteller \|\n\|:----------------------------------------------\|:-------\|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|:-----------------\|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| title \| tag \| summary \| storyteller \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Traditional narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Makuteli: birds on a boat \| narr18 \| Birds set off on a boat trip while singing songs together. A cassowary also joins but gets angry when he finds out he is running out of food, and the others live off fish from the sea. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| Linglong: a monkey and a cuscus sell firewood \| narr19 \| A monkey and a cuscus sell firewood in villages, where women comment they like the white cuscus, but not the black monkey. The monkey gets fed up and asks the cuscus how to be white. The cuscus puts the monkey in a cage in the water, and waits until the tide is high. The monkey drowns. \| Hair Yorkuran \|\n\| Cassowary and Dog \| narr20 \| How Lempuang Emun (Pulau Kasuari, Cassowary Island) and Lempuang Tumun (Pulau Anjing, Dog Island), south of Karas, came into existence. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Crab \| narr21 \| After the youngest of two children eat a little bit from a crab that mother caught, mother disappears into the sea. Her children go to look for her with help from fish. Mother does not want to return to the land. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Kuawi \| narr22 \| How ancestors learned about clouds and the tides. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The woman who turned into a lime \| narr23 \| A sorceress turns a woman into a lime. The lime is found by an old couple, who peel it so that the woman comes out. Because the couple doesn’t have children, the woman stays with them. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Kelengkeleng woman \| narr24 \| A woman kills her cross-cousin by accident. His canoe turns into a stone. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| The money-defecating cow \| narr25 \| A girl is sent by her mother to sell food at the market but eats it herself. Later, she obtains, loses and gets back three magical items: a cloth that serves food, a money-defecating cow and a club that hits people on its own. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Married to a mermaid \| narr26 \| How the ancestor of the storyteller had a wife who lived in the sea. The story tells how they met, how the man disappeared into the sea for a week or so at a time, and how the two had children. This ancestry is the reason why the speaker claims to have special knowledge about and power over the weather at sea. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The providing tree \| narr27 \| An old woman finds a shell, out of which a tree grows that provides her family with clothing and food. Then, a sultan arrives and cuts the tree down. The tree regrows, but doesn’t give any more goods. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Suagibaba \| narr28 \| One of two brothers kills the pestering giant Suagibaba, whose family then comes to abduct the younger brother. The older brother carves seven wooden giants and with them tricks the real giants into giving back his brother. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Finding water at Sui \| narr29 \| How the Kalamang ancestors found water at Sui. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The talking coconut \| narr30 \| A woman cuts a talking coconut to pieces, which gives the name to that stone: Yar Dakdak. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Tenggelele \| narr8 \| Why the tenggelele ritual is performed when a new wife arrives at the island. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Non-fictional narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Exchanging tobacco \| narr16 \| Malik secretly exchanges the new tobacco with last year’s, and tests whether his friends can taste the difference. \| Malik Yarkuran \|\n\| The naked tourist \| narr17 \| Malik meets a naked tourist on his boat. \| Malik Yarkuran \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Stimulus-based narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Jackal & crow \| stim1 \| Crow steals a fish, and Jackal tricks him into dropping it. \| Fajaria Yarkuran \|\n\| Frog, where are you? \| stim21 \| A frog escapes from a boy’s house. The boy and his dog follow him into the forest. \| Amir Yarkuran \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nNarratives (continued from previous page) \n</div> \nSome reflections on the content of the traditional narratives are given\nin §<a href=\"#sec:narrcont\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narrcont\">18.1.7</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:naloanverb\" label=\"sec:naloanverb\"></span> Loan verbs\noften have a first syllable na-. It is likely that na- is an\nAustronesian morpheme that was borrowed together with the verbs,\nprobably a third-person singular marker. The source language for the\nborrowings is unclear. Sometimes they appear to be Austronesian\nlanguages of the region, a few examples of which are given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:naverbs\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:naverbs\">12.7</a>. This is not to suggest that e.g.\nnaloli ‘to mince’ is a direct borrowing from or , which are spoken\nrelatively far away from Karas, in the south Moluccas, but for those\nlanguages large vocabularies are available. Other loans are more likely\nto be borrowed from or Indonesian, such as namenyasal ‘to be sorry; to\nregret’ (in the lower part of\nTable<a href=\"#tab:naverbs\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:naverbs\">12.7</a>), because it carries prefix\nmeN-. \n<div id=\"tab:naverbs\"> \n\| Kalamang \| compare \|\n\|:------------------------------\|:--------------------------------------------------\|\n\| nafafat ‘to slap’ \| U afafat ‘to slap’ \|\n\| nafikir, napikir ‘to think’ \| G hiʔir, U pikpikir \|\n\| naloli ‘to mince’ \| Y and F n-loli ‘fijnstampen’ \\[‘to mash’\\] \|\n\| namot ‘to block’ \| F n-motak ‘verstopt zitten’ \\[‘to be clogged’\\] \|\n\| natewa ‘to hit’ \| Y n-tebak ‘steken, prikken’ \\[‘to stab’\\] \|\n\| narekin ‘to count’ \| U mirekiŋ, G reʔin, ultimately from \|\n\| \| Dutch rekenen ‘to count’ \|\n\| namenyasal ‘to regret’ \| Indonesian menyesal ‘to regret’ \|\n\| \| \| \nLoan verbs with na- and comparable verbs in other languages. U =\nUruangnirin \\[urn\\], ; G = Geser-Gorom \\[ges\\], ; Y = Yamdena \\[jmd\\], ;\nF = Fordata \\[frd\\], . \n</div> \nAs appears from the examples above, na- is not a productive morpheme:\nnewer loans do not carry it. When asked to translate sentences with very\nnew loans such as cas ‘to charge’, WA ‘to WhatsApp’, nonton ‘to\nwatch (television)’ and SMS ‘to SMS’, na- was not used to mark\nthese. The natural spoken corpus is also full of unmarked Malay loans,\nsuch as cat ‘to paint’, campur ‘to mix’, pariksa ‘to check’,\nrekam ‘to record’ and tulun ‘to help’ (\\<tolong). An example of a\nMalay borrowed verb with na-, nafikir ‘to think’, is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:naverb1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naverb1\">[exe:naverb1]</a>), while an example with\ntelpon ‘to telephone’, which is borrowed as is, is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ompet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ompet\">[exe:ompet]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:naverb1\" label=\"exe:naverb1\"></span> jadi waktu kon\nan-autak melelu me nafikir\nso time one <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone sit\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> think\n‘So when I was sitting alone I was thinking.’ \n<span id=\"exe:ompet\" label=\"exe:ompet\"></span> Om Pet=a gen se\ntelpon=i Unyil emun mu=konggo\nuncle Pet=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> maybe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ntelephone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> Unyil\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=an.loc</span>\n‘Uncle Pet maybe already telephoned Unyil’s mother’s.’ \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: My mother died when I was small.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Ema anggon se somin an tok cicaun.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Ema anggon se somin an tok cicaun.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "The structure of narratives", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:narr\" label=\"sec:narr\"></span> Here, I present a brief\nanalysis of the structure of Kalamang narratives, focusing on\ntraditional fictional narratives, but drawing some parallels with\nnon-fictional and stimulus-based narratives.[^95] \nThis section is based on the analysis of 18 narratives, of which 14 are\ntraditional fictional narratives (mythological or fable-like stories\nabout ancestors or places, known to many people in the Kalamang\ncommunity), two are non-fictional narratives (stories about things that\nhappened during the lifetime of the speaker), and two are stimulus-based\nfictional narratives: Jackal & crow and Frog, where are you? . The\nstories are told by six different Kalamang speakers. For each narrative\n(following ), the following characteristics were analysed: the opening,\nsupplying of background, presenting of the protagonist(s), participant\ntracking, devices for structuring, songs and formula, and the closing. \nTitles, corpus tags, a summary and the name of the storyteller of the\nnarratives treated in this section are presented in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:stories\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:stories\">18.1</a>. The 14 traditional fictional\nnarratives are presented first, followed by the two non-fictional\nnarratives and the two stimulus-based fictional narratives. \n<div id=\"tab:stories\"> \n\| title \| tag \| summary \| storyteller \|\n\|:----------------------------------------------\|:-------\|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|:-----------------\|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| title \| tag \| summary \| storyteller \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Traditional narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Makuteli: birds on a boat \| narr18 \| Birds set off on a boat trip while singing songs together. A cassowary also joins but gets angry when he finds out he is running out of food, and the others live off fish from the sea. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| Linglong: a monkey and a cuscus sell firewood \| narr19 \| A monkey and a cuscus sell firewood in villages, where women comment they like the white cuscus, but not the black monkey. The monkey gets fed up and asks the cuscus how to be white. The cuscus puts the monkey in a cage in the water, and waits until the tide is high. The monkey drowns. \| Hair Yorkuran \|\n\| Cassowary and Dog \| narr20 \| How Lempuang Emun (Pulau Kasuari, Cassowary Island) and Lempuang Tumun (Pulau Anjing, Dog Island), south of Karas, came into existence. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Crab \| narr21 \| After the youngest of two children eat a little bit from a crab that mother caught, mother disappears into the sea. Her children go to look for her with help from fish. Mother does not want to return to the land. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Kuawi \| narr22 \| How ancestors learned about clouds and the tides. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The woman who turned into a lime \| narr23 \| A sorceress turns a woman into a lime. The lime is found by an old couple, who peel it so that the woman comes out. Because the couple doesn’t have children, the woman stays with them. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Kelengkeleng woman \| narr24 \| A woman kills her cross-cousin by accident. His canoe turns into a stone. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| The money-defecating cow \| narr25 \| A girl is sent by her mother to sell food at the market but eats it herself. Later, she obtains, loses and gets back three magical items: a cloth that serves food, a money-defecating cow and a club that hits people on its own. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Married to a mermaid \| narr26 \| How the ancestor of the storyteller had a wife who lived in the sea. The story tells how they met, how the man disappeared into the sea for a week or so at a time, and how the two had children. This ancestry is the reason why the speaker claims to have special knowledge about and power over the weather at sea. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The providing tree \| narr27 \| An old woman finds a shell, out of which a tree grows that provides her family with clothing and food. Then, a sultan arrives and cuts the tree down. The tree regrows, but doesn’t give any more goods. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Suagibaba \| narr28 \| One of two brothers kills the pestering giant Suagibaba, whose family then comes to abduct the younger brother. The older brother carves seven wooden giants and with them tricks the real giants into giving back his brother. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Finding water at Sui \| narr29 \| How the Kalamang ancestors found water at Sui. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The talking coconut \| narr30 \| A woman cuts a talking coconut to pieces, which gives the name to that stone: Yar Dakdak. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Tenggelele \| narr8 \| Why the tenggelele ritual is performed when a new wife arrives at the island. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Non-fictional narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Exchanging tobacco \| narr16 \| Malik secretly exchanges the new tobacco with last year’s, and tests whether his friends can taste the difference. \| Malik Yarkuran \|\n\| The naked tourist \| narr17 \| Malik meets a naked tourist on his boat. \| Malik Yarkuran \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Stimulus-based narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Jackal & crow \| stim1 \| Crow steals a fish, and Jackal tricks him into dropping it. \| Fajaria Yarkuran \|\n\| Frog, where are you? \| stim21 \| A frog escapes from a boy’s house. The boy and his dog follow him into the forest. \| Amir Yarkuran \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nNarratives (continued from previous page) \n</div> \nSome reflections on the content of the traditional narratives are given\nin §<a href=\"#sec:narrcont\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narrcont\">18.1.7</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Verbs", "Header 2": "Fossilised morphology", "Header 3": "Austronesian loan verbs", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:naloanverb\" label=\"sec:naloanverb\"></span> Loan verbs\noften have a first syllable na-. It is likely that na- is an\nAustronesian morpheme that was borrowed together with the verbs,\nprobably a third-person singular marker. The source language for the\nborrowings is unclear. Sometimes they appear to be Austronesian\nlanguages of the region, a few examples of which are given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:naverbs\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:naverbs\">12.7</a>. This is not to suggest that e.g.\nnaloli ‘to mince’ is a direct borrowing from or , which are spoken\nrelatively far away from Karas, in the south Moluccas, but for those\nlanguages large vocabularies are available. Other loans are more likely\nto be borrowed from or Indonesian, such as namenyasal ‘to be sorry; to\nregret’ (in the lower part of\nTable<a href=\"#tab:naverbs\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:naverbs\">12.7</a>), because it carries prefix\nmeN-. \n<div id=\"tab:naverbs\"> \n\| Kalamang \| compare \|\n\|:------------------------------\|:--------------------------------------------------\|\n\| nafafat ‘to slap’ \| U afafat ‘to slap’ \|\n\| nafikir, napikir ‘to think’ \| G hiʔir, U pikpikir \|\n\| naloli ‘to mince’ \| Y and F n-loli ‘fijnstampen’ \\[‘to mash’\\] \|\n\| namot ‘to block’ \| F n-motak ‘verstopt zitten’ \\[‘to be clogged’\\] \|\n\| natewa ‘to hit’ \| Y n-tebak ‘steken, prikken’ \\[‘to stab’\\] \|\n\| narekin ‘to count’ \| U mirekiŋ, G reʔin, ultimately from \|\n\| \| Dutch rekenen ‘to count’ \|\n\| namenyasal ‘to regret’ \| Indonesian menyesal ‘to regret’ \|\n\| \| \| \nLoan verbs with na- and comparable verbs in other languages. U =\nUruangnirin \\[urn\\], ; G = Geser-Gorom \\[ges\\], ; Y = Yamdena \\[jmd\\], ;\nF = Fordata \\[frd\\], . \n</div> \nAs appears from the examples above, na- is not a productive morpheme:\nnewer loans do not carry it. When asked to translate sentences with very\nnew loans such as cas ‘to charge’, WA ‘to WhatsApp’, nonton ‘to\nwatch (television)’ and SMS ‘to SMS’, na- was not used to mark\nthese. The natural spoken corpus is also full of unmarked Malay loans,\nsuch as cat ‘to paint’, campur ‘to mix’, pariksa ‘to check’,\nrekam ‘to record’ and tulun ‘to help’ (\\<tolong). An example of a\nMalay borrowed verb with na-, nafikir ‘to think’, is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:naverb1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naverb1\">[exe:naverb1]</a>), while an example with\ntelpon ‘to telephone’, which is borrowed as is, is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ompet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ompet\">[exe:ompet]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:naverb1\" label=\"exe:naverb1\"></span> jadi waktu kon\nan-autak melelu me nafikir\nso time one <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone sit\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> think\n‘So when I was sitting alone I was thinking.’ \n<span id=\"exe:ompet\" label=\"exe:ompet\"></span> Om Pet=a gen se\ntelpon=i Unyil emun mu=konggo\nuncle Pet=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> maybe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ntelephone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> Unyil\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=an.loc</span>\n‘Uncle Pet maybe already telephoned Unyil’s mother’s.’ \n</div>" } ], "index": 10, "level": "low_resource", "question": "My mother died when I was small.", "split": "train" }
Ma ladanun giartenara sabur.	He's wearing his new shirt.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: He's wearing his new shirt.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"He\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: receive\nKalamang translation: tarima\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"He\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wearing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: bamboo string\nKalamang translation: lemat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wearing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pall-bearing\nKalamang translation: tobutobur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"his\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like this\nKalamang translation: wandi; yuwandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"his\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: his wife\nKalamang translation: kieun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"new\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: new\nKalamang translation: giar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"new\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: new moon\nKalamang translation: pak talawak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"shirt\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: t-shirt\nKalamang translation: kous\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"shirt\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: shirt\nKalamang translation: ladan; kabai\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"He\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He wants to go to school but he doesn't have a book.\nKalamang translation: Ma sekolain ba buk saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"He\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He shook his body, his soil scattered.\nKalamang translation: Ma kadenunat muk, naunun nasuarik.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wearing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That snake is slithering up the tree.\nKalamang translation: Elteng me me gareni wiekerungga sara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wearing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Laka's wife is tearing pandanus leaf.\nKalamang translation: Laka kieun padamualmasarut.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"his\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends planted a girawar tree at the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu girawarat oskol owatko kawaya.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"his\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends live on the mainland over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu distrik owa gocie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"new\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rehan's tooth fell out but a new one grows.\nKalamang translation: Rehan gierun tur ba giartena kos.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"new\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Kaimana is a new regency.\nKalamang translation: Kemana me kapubaten giarten.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"shirt\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun gave back his shirt to Jikri.\nKalamang translation: Alun ladanunat namasuk Jikri kongga.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"shirt\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I have a shirt with a white pattern.\nKalamang translation: Ladanan me bungaun iriskap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nMalik: ‘I went fishing. I looked like this, “Hey, a ship at the shore up\nthere!” Then I sailed landwards. I sailed landwards, oh, it was a\ntourist.’ Eline: ‘What kind of ship?’ Malik: ‘A tourist ship, it was at\nTanggor.’ Sebi: ‘A small ship.’ Malik: ‘He came from Pulo Pisang, I\nasked, from Pulo Pisang. Then we watched. He went to throw the anchor.\nThen, a man. Is he wearing trousers or not? We were curious, right. So\nwe went. Mas said: “Let’s sail that way to look.” “Yes,” we sailed that\nway. We sailed that way until we stranded. Stranded, we looked, Mas\nsaid: “Hey, he isn’t wearing trousers!” He wasn’t wearing trousers, Mas\nsaid: “Hey, put on trousers!” He said: “Yes, yes, yes!” After getting a\ntowel, he threw it over his legs. His penis dangled.’ Sebi: ‘His bottom\nwas very white.’ Malik: ‘His penis dangled, then we sat chatting.\nChatting, he said: “Do you want to drink?” We said: “No.” He said: “I\njust give that to you guys, okay.” He gave us two bottles. Then he said:\n“If it’s possible, can I exchange the alcohol for lobster?” “Oh, yes,\nyes, yes.” Then we sailed back, got two lobsters, brought them back and\ngave them to him.’\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:kin\" label=\"sec:kin\"></span> Volitional mood enclitic\n=kin attaches to the predicate. It is mainly used to express plans and\nwishes, as well as events that are about to happen. The different uses\nof =kin are exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin\">[exe:kin]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:kin2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin2\">[exe:kin2]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin\">[exe:kin]</a>) expresses a plan or wish.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kintoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kintoni\">[exe:kintoni]</a>), the common use of\n=kin with toni ‘want’ is illustrated.[^83] The phrase\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kinabout\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kinabout\">[exe:kinabout]</a>) is used to describe\nthe twelfth picture in the Family problems picture task , where a\nchild is falling out of its mother’s arms, and illustrates the\nprospective use of =kin.\n(<a href=\"#exe:kin2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin2\">[exe:kin2]</a>) is the first utterance in a\ntext where a woman explains how to make a basket. It can be interpreted\nas an action that is about to happen (at least in the speaker’s mind) or\nas a plan. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kin\" label=\"exe:kin\"></span> bal napikir an sor=at\nnat=kin\ndog think <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘The dog thinks: “I want to eat the fish”.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kintoni\" label=\"exe:kintoni\"></span> an se toni\nmin=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwant sleep=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘I already wanted to sleep.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kinabout\" label=\"exe:kinabout\"></span> tumun tur=kin\nchild fall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘The child is about to fall.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kin2\" label=\"exe:kin2\"></span> kiem=at paruot=kin\nbasket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘\\[How to\\] make a basket.’ \n</div> \nVolitional =kin can be followed by progressive aspect marker =teba\n(§<a href=\"#sec:teba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:teba\">[sec:teba]</a>), also an enclitic on the\npredicate. The combination expresses that a plan is in progress.[^84] \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan toni mu bo os-rep=kin=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> think\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> go\nsand-get=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘I thought they went to get sand.’ <span id=\"exe:orsep\"\nlabel=\"exe:orsep\"></span> \n</div> \n(An example of volitional =kin and irrealis =et can be found\nin(<a href=\"#exe:saor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:saor\">[exe:saor]</a>) in\n§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>.) \nIn complex predicates, volitional =kin comes on the last constituent\nof the predicate and has scope over the entire action or event, such as\nthe construction kuru masara ‘bring towards land’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:botak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:botak\">[exe:botak]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu se taruo toni mena Botak kiun=at kuru masarat=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay say later Botak wife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> bring\nmove_landwards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘They already said that soon Botak will bring his wife.\n<span id=\"exe:botak\" label=\"exe:botak\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: He's wearing his new shirt.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Ma ladanun giartenara sabur.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Ma ladanun giartenara sabur.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Text", "Header 2": "Free translation", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "Malik: ‘I went fishing. I looked like this, “Hey, a ship at the shore up\nthere!” Then I sailed landwards. I sailed landwards, oh, it was a\ntourist.’ Eline: ‘What kind of ship?’ Malik: ‘A tourist ship, it was at\nTanggor.’ Sebi: ‘A small ship.’ Malik: ‘He came from Pulo Pisang, I\nasked, from Pulo Pisang. Then we watched. He went to throw the anchor.\nThen, a man. Is he wearing trousers or not? We were curious, right. So\nwe went. Mas said: “Let’s sail that way to look.” “Yes,” we sailed that\nway. We sailed that way until we stranded. Stranded, we looked, Mas\nsaid: “Hey, he isn’t wearing trousers!” He wasn’t wearing trousers, Mas\nsaid: “Hey, put on trousers!” He said: “Yes, yes, yes!” After getting a\ntowel, he threw it over his legs. His penis dangled.’ Sebi: ‘His bottom\nwas very white.’ Malik: ‘His penis dangled, then we sat chatting.\nChatting, he said: “Do you want to drink?” We said: “No.” He said: “I\njust give that to you guys, okay.” He gave us two bottles. Then he said:\n“If it’s possible, can I exchange the alcohol for lobster?” “Oh, yes,\nyes, yes.” Then we sailed back, got two lobsters, brought them back and\ngave them to him.’" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Mood, aspect and modality marking", "Header 3": "Mood", "Header 4": "Volitional =kin ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>’" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:kin\" label=\"sec:kin\"></span> Volitional mood enclitic\n=kin attaches to the predicate. It is mainly used to express plans and\nwishes, as well as events that are about to happen. The different uses\nof =kin are exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin\">[exe:kin]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:kin2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin2\">[exe:kin2]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin\">[exe:kin]</a>) expresses a plan or wish.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kintoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kintoni\">[exe:kintoni]</a>), the common use of\n=kin with toni ‘want’ is illustrated.[^83] The phrase\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kinabout\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kinabout\">[exe:kinabout]</a>) is used to describe\nthe twelfth picture in the Family problems picture task , where a\nchild is falling out of its mother’s arms, and illustrates the\nprospective use of =kin.\n(<a href=\"#exe:kin2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin2\">[exe:kin2]</a>) is the first utterance in a\ntext where a woman explains how to make a basket. It can be interpreted\nas an action that is about to happen (at least in the speaker’s mind) or\nas a plan. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kin\" label=\"exe:kin\"></span> bal napikir an sor=at\nnat=kin\ndog think <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘The dog thinks: “I want to eat the fish”.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kintoni\" label=\"exe:kintoni\"></span> an se toni\nmin=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwant sleep=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘I already wanted to sleep.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kinabout\" label=\"exe:kinabout\"></span> tumun tur=kin\nchild fall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘The child is about to fall.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kin2\" label=\"exe:kin2\"></span> kiem=at paruot=kin\nbasket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘\\[How to\\] make a basket.’ \n</div> \nVolitional =kin can be followed by progressive aspect marker =teba\n(§<a href=\"#sec:teba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:teba\">[sec:teba]</a>), also an enclitic on the\npredicate. The combination expresses that a plan is in progress.[^84] \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan toni mu bo os-rep=kin=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> think\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> go\nsand-get=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘I thought they went to get sand.’ <span id=\"exe:orsep\"\nlabel=\"exe:orsep\"></span> \n</div> \n(An example of volitional =kin and irrealis =et can be found\nin(<a href=\"#exe:saor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:saor\">[exe:saor]</a>) in\n§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>.) \nIn complex predicates, volitional =kin comes on the last constituent\nof the predicate and has scope over the entire action or event, such as\nthe construction kuru masara ‘bring towards land’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:botak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:botak\">[exe:botak]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu se taruo toni mena Botak kiun=at kuru masarat=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay say later Botak wife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> bring\nmove_landwards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘They already said that soon Botak will bring his wife.\n<span id=\"exe:botak\" label=\"exe:botak\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 11, "level": "low_resource", "question": "He's wearing his new shirt.", "split": "train" }
Wer me kies koladok me reidak.	At Wer there are many Colocassia's.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: At Wer there are many Colocassia's.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"At\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: motor boat\nKalamang translation: jonsong\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"At\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: young coconut\nKalamang translation: wat kabur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Wer\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sea cucumber\nKalamang translation: guap; kariakibi; kibi; kibi karek; masing; os kibi; saranggeit; saranggeit kuskapkap; saranggeit taraun; susurofa; taikongkong; unapi; watman; yuyui\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Wer\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: over there\nKalamang translation: owa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"there\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"there\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: over there\nKalamang translation: owa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"many\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: many hungry people\nKalamang translation: muawesese\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"many\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how many\nKalamang translation: puraman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Colocassia\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cassowary\nKalamang translation: kasawari\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Colocassia\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cassava\nKalamang translation: panggala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"At\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"At\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Gowien there are many cassowary's.\nKalamang translation: Gowien me kasawari reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Wer\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dian's father is balancing the canoe.\nKalamang translation: Dian esun et nauanona reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Wer\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Up at Werneti there are crowned pigeons.\nKalamang translation: Maniktapuri Werneti osaet me mambon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"there\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Is there fish or not?\nKalamang translation: Sor mambon ye saerak?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"there\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"many\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother has many chickens, but they are still small.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun kokoun reidak ba tok kinkinun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"many\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many lusi muaun trees at Sar, but they are dry.\nKalamang translation: Lusi muaun me Sarko reidak ma ma he sasa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Colocassia\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Abas's mother's family are making a garden on the cape with grass.\nKalamang translation: Abas emun mu kaman karimunggoa amdirat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Colocassia\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Gowien there are many cassowary's.\nKalamang translation: Gowien me kasawari reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:socioling\" label=\"sec:socioling\"></span> Following\nUNESCO’s language vitality and endangerment framework, Kalamang is\n“definitely endangered” (corresponding to Ethnologue’s EGIDS level 7,\n“shifting”), as the children’s generation does not acquire the language. \nA speaker count was conducted in 2019 and identified 134 fluent\nspeakers[^9] and 56 non-fluent speakers. The count was executed as\nfollows. With two consultants (who are fluent speakers themselves), I\nwrote down the names of all Kalamang speakers, grouping them under the\nhousehold they are associated with. That way, we ensured that speakers\nwho moved away from Mas or Antalisa were also counted. The speakers were\ndivided into two groups: fluent speakers and non-fluent speakers.[^10]\nFluent speakers are people who both understand and speak Kalamang\nfluently. The great majority of these live in Mas or Antalisa.\nNon-fluent speakers are speakers who understand, but do not speak\nKalamang fluently – for example, people who grew up in a\nKalamang-speaking household but who were not actively encouraged to use\nthe language themselves, or people who moved away from Karas as children\nor as young adolescents. \nI am aware of the problems with this way of classifying and counting\nspeakers, so this should be seen as a rough estimate, which is\nnonetheless the only one at my disposal. Though my consultants may of\ncourse have made judgements that I or other linguists would not\nnecessarily agree with, there was ready agreement between me and the two\nconsultants on the classification of those speakers who I personally\nknow, about half. For the other half, the two consultants agreed on the\nqualification of all speakers. The consultants, like any member of the\nKalamang community, know all the other members of the community. Those\nreaders who are of the opinion that an assessment of language\nproficiency cannot be made in this way may simply add the fluent and\nnon-fluent speakers together to arrive at the number of Kalamang\nspeakers. \nOf the fluent speakers, 83 live in or are associated with families in\nMas, and 51 live in or are associated with families in Antalisa. Of the\nnon-fluent speakers, 35 live in or are associated with families in Mas,\nand 21 live in or are associated with families in Antalisa. The\ndiscrepancy here is partly attributable to the fact that speakers living\nin or associated with Mas were counted first, such that people who have\nassociations with families in both villages were counted for Mas. A\nconfounding factor, which might raise the number of Kalamang speakers\nslightly, is the fact that the count was performed by inhabitants of\nMas. There is a small chance that they had forgotten some of the\nspeakers associated with Antalisa families. Details of the speaker count\ncan be found in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BED-1>. The data are\nsummarised in Table<a href=\"#tab:spcount\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:spcount\">2.1</a>. Note that according to the 2018\ncensus, Mas has 216 inhabitants and Antalisa has 203. Although we have\nnot counted fluent and non-fluent speakers currently living in Mas and\nAntalisa, it is clear that less than half of the inhabitants of each\nvillage are fluent or non-fluent speakers of Kalamang. \n<div id=\"tab:spcount\"> \n\| \| fluent \| non-fluent \|\n\|:---------\|:-------\|:-----------\|\n\| Mas \| 83 \| 35 \|\n\| Antalisa \| 51 \| 21 \|\n\| total \| 134 \| 56 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nKalamang speaker count \n</div> \nA language shift from Kalamang to Papuan Malay is currently happening in\nMas and Antalisa. The great majority of people born on the bigger Karas\nisland before 1980 are fluent in Kalamang. They use Kalamang on a daily\nbasis with other Kalamang speakers in all kinds of settings. There is\nneither shame or taboo, nor pride connected to using the language. All\nKalamang speakers are bilingual in Papuan Malay (PM), and some also in\nBahasa Indonesia (see comments in\n§<a href=\"#sec:malay\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:malay\">[sec:malay]</a> below on the difference).\nPapuan Malay is used in those instances where a non-Kalamang speaker\njoins the conversation. Naturally, these situations include, for\nexample, village gatherings and wedding speeches; but Kalamang is by no\nmeans avoided at such events for conversations in smaller groups or for\nthe performance of rituals. Speakers born before 1980 have reported not\nto have learned Papuan Malay or Indonesian before entering school. A\nprimary school was built in Antalisa in the 1970s. Children from Mas\nwent to school in Antalisa until a primary school was built in Mas in\n1982. \nThere is a sharp cline in fluent speakers for people born roughly\nbetween 1980 and 1990. No one born after 1990 can be counted as a fluent\nspeaker. There are very few households with two fluent Kalamang-speaking\nparents and children born after 1990, but even in those households the\nchildren are not raised in Kalamang. As indicated above, non-fluent\nspeakers have a good passive command of Kalamang. Fluent Kalamang\nspeakers do not necessarily shift to Papuan Malay when they join the\nconversation, but they are not expected to actively contribute, although\nthey can express themselves in a simple way in Kalamang. In one-on-one\ncommunication they are typically addressed in Papuan Malay, and respond\nlikewise. All other people born in Mas or Antalisa have minimal\nknowledge of Kalamang, and are not counted as Kalamang speakers. Born to\nat least one Kalamang-speaking parent, they typically understand some\nbut not all Kalamang (e.g. simple commands and greetings), know a few\ndozen common words, and can say a handful of standard phrases. They\ncannot freely create simple clauses. They communicate in Papuan Malay\nwith both elders and peers. A rough overview of Kalamang competence per\nage group is given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:fluency\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:fluency\">2.2</a>.[^11] \n<div id=\"tab:fluency\"> \n\| born \| level \|\n\|:------------\|:-------------------------------------------\|\n\| before 1980 \| large majority fluent \|\n\| 1980s \| some fluent, some non-fluent, some minimal \|\n\| after 1990 \| some non-fluent, many minimal \|\n\| \| \| \nCompetence per age group, estimates \n</div> \nEthnologue’s page on Kalamang (which they have as Karas) says it is\nthreatened by Iha. None of my consultants know Iha, and I have not heard\nanyone communicate in it. Many Kalamang speakers, on the other hand,\nhave a good passive knowledge of the neighbouring language Uruangnirin.\nBecause exogamy is common, there are many speakers with other mother\ntongues in the Kalamang-speaking villages. Since there is often more\nthan one person from the same language area, these languages may also be\nheard. At the time of writing, the most frequent languages in Mas (after\nPapuan Malay and Kalamang) are Geser-Gorom, and . While the latter two\nare only spoken by the parent generation, Geser-Gorom is spoken by both\nthe grandparent and the parent generation. None of these (nor other\nIndonesian languages) are transmitted to children. My oldest consultants\nhave reported that when they were young, brides and grooms that moved to\na Kalamang-speaking village from other language areas acquired Kalamang.\nThis practice has since been replaced with being the language of\ncommunication in mixed marriages. \nAs stated above, fluent Kalamang speakers seem to have a neutral\nattitude towards their language. They would never hide the fact that\nthey speak the language, nor would they show off with it.[^12] Speakers\noccasionally express regret that their children do not speak Kalamang,\nbut rather than blaming themselves for not transmitting the language to\ntheir children, they blame their children for being too stupid to learn\nKalamang. I have not heard people express fears that their children do\nnot acquire Papuan Malay well enough if they learn Kalamang, although\nthis might be an underlying factor. \nKalamang has no written tradition, and is not used as an administrative\nlanguage. When asked, people readily write Kalamang words and texts\nwithout problems, using Indonesian orthography, which fits Kalamang\nphonology well (see §<a href=\"#sec:not\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:not\">2.6.6</a>). In the past three years, with the\nspread of cheap smartphones and internet connections, some Kalamang may\nbe found on social media such as Facebook. But as it is mainly\nnon-fluent and passive speakers who are connected, the use of Kalamang\nseems limited to short phrases alternating with Papuan Malay. \nKalamang does not display any identifiable dialectal differences. This\nis perhaps because Mas and Antalisa are small communities with frequent\ncontact and intermarriage. I have not registered any differences for\ngender, age group or other social or demographic factors. Having said\nthat, there is quite a bit of idiolectal (sometimes also intra-speaker)\nvariation in the pronunciation of certain words. This is indicated in\nthe dictionary and, as far as generalisations can be made, described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:consvar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:consvar\">[sec:consvar]</a>\nand§<a href=\"#sec:freevarvow\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:freevarvow\">[sec:freevarvow]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:schwa\" label=\"sec:schwa\"></span> In fast or casual speech,\n/a/ and especially /e/ in unstressed syllables\n(§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>) are commonly reduced to\n\\[ə\\]. If both /e/ and /a/ occur in unstressed syllables, as in\nsedawak ‘machete’, only /e/ is reduced. Examples are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:menadu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menadu\">[exe:menadu]</a>). \n\\[ma.ˈna.du\\] ∼ \\[mə.ˈna.du\\] ‘taro’\n\\[ga.ˈla\\] ∼ \\[gə.ˈla\\] ‘spear’\n\\[ka.niŋ.go.ˈni.e\\] ∼ \\[ka.niŋ.go.ˈni.ə\\] ‘nine’\n\\[se.da.ˈwak̚\\] ∼ \\[sə.da.ˈwak̚\\] ‘machete’\n\\[pe.ˈlɛr\\] ∼ \\[pə.ˈlɛr\\] ‘mast’ <span id=\"exe:menadu\"\nlabel=\"exe:menadu\"></span> \nExactly under which circumstances reduction to /ə/ takes place in\nKalamang is a question for further research. Next to speech style and\nstress, there are many other possible factors, such as syllable type,\nposition in the word and frequency of the word (cf. ).\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: At Wer there are many Colocassia's.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Wer me kies koladok me reidak.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Wer me kies koladok me reidak.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "Sociolinguistic situation", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:socioling\" label=\"sec:socioling\"></span> Following\nUNESCO’s language vitality and endangerment framework, Kalamang is\n“definitely endangered” (corresponding to Ethnologue’s EGIDS level 7,\n“shifting”), as the children’s generation does not acquire the language. \nA speaker count was conducted in 2019 and identified 134 fluent\nspeakers[^9] and 56 non-fluent speakers. The count was executed as\nfollows. With two consultants (who are fluent speakers themselves), I\nwrote down the names of all Kalamang speakers, grouping them under the\nhousehold they are associated with. That way, we ensured that speakers\nwho moved away from Mas or Antalisa were also counted. The speakers were\ndivided into two groups: fluent speakers and non-fluent speakers.[^10]\nFluent speakers are people who both understand and speak Kalamang\nfluently. The great majority of these live in Mas or Antalisa.\nNon-fluent speakers are speakers who understand, but do not speak\nKalamang fluently – for example, people who grew up in a\nKalamang-speaking household but who were not actively encouraged to use\nthe language themselves, or people who moved away from Karas as children\nor as young adolescents. \nI am aware of the problems with this way of classifying and counting\nspeakers, so this should be seen as a rough estimate, which is\nnonetheless the only one at my disposal. Though my consultants may of\ncourse have made judgements that I or other linguists would not\nnecessarily agree with, there was ready agreement between me and the two\nconsultants on the classification of those speakers who I personally\nknow, about half. For the other half, the two consultants agreed on the\nqualification of all speakers. The consultants, like any member of the\nKalamang community, know all the other members of the community. Those\nreaders who are of the opinion that an assessment of language\nproficiency cannot be made in this way may simply add the fluent and\nnon-fluent speakers together to arrive at the number of Kalamang\nspeakers. \nOf the fluent speakers, 83 live in or are associated with families in\nMas, and 51 live in or are associated with families in Antalisa. Of the\nnon-fluent speakers, 35 live in or are associated with families in Mas,\nand 21 live in or are associated with families in Antalisa. The\ndiscrepancy here is partly attributable to the fact that speakers living\nin or associated with Mas were counted first, such that people who have\nassociations with families in both villages were counted for Mas. A\nconfounding factor, which might raise the number of Kalamang speakers\nslightly, is the fact that the count was performed by inhabitants of\nMas. There is a small chance that they had forgotten some of the\nspeakers associated with Antalisa families. Details of the speaker count\ncan be found in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BED-1>. The data are\nsummarised in Table<a href=\"#tab:spcount\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:spcount\">2.1</a>. Note that according to the 2018\ncensus, Mas has 216 inhabitants and Antalisa has 203. Although we have\nnot counted fluent and non-fluent speakers currently living in Mas and\nAntalisa, it is clear that less than half of the inhabitants of each\nvillage are fluent or non-fluent speakers of Kalamang. \n<div id=\"tab:spcount\"> \n\| \| fluent \| non-fluent \|\n\|:---------\|:-------\|:-----------\|\n\| Mas \| 83 \| 35 \|\n\| Antalisa \| 51 \| 21 \|\n\| total \| 134 \| 56 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nKalamang speaker count \n</div> \nA language shift from Kalamang to Papuan Malay is currently happening in\nMas and Antalisa. The great majority of people born on the bigger Karas\nisland before 1980 are fluent in Kalamang. They use Kalamang on a daily\nbasis with other Kalamang speakers in all kinds of settings. There is\nneither shame or taboo, nor pride connected to using the language. All\nKalamang speakers are bilingual in Papuan Malay (PM), and some also in\nBahasa Indonesia (see comments in\n§<a href=\"#sec:malay\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:malay\">[sec:malay]</a> below on the difference).\nPapuan Malay is used in those instances where a non-Kalamang speaker\njoins the conversation. Naturally, these situations include, for\nexample, village gatherings and wedding speeches; but Kalamang is by no\nmeans avoided at such events for conversations in smaller groups or for\nthe performance of rituals. Speakers born before 1980 have reported not\nto have learned Papuan Malay or Indonesian before entering school. A\nprimary school was built in Antalisa in the 1970s. Children from Mas\nwent to school in Antalisa until a primary school was built in Mas in\n1982. \nThere is a sharp cline in fluent speakers for people born roughly\nbetween 1980 and 1990. No one born after 1990 can be counted as a fluent\nspeaker. There are very few households with two fluent Kalamang-speaking\nparents and children born after 1990, but even in those households the\nchildren are not raised in Kalamang. As indicated above, non-fluent\nspeakers have a good passive command of Kalamang. Fluent Kalamang\nspeakers do not necessarily shift to Papuan Malay when they join the\nconversation, but they are not expected to actively contribute, although\nthey can express themselves in a simple way in Kalamang. In one-on-one\ncommunication they are typically addressed in Papuan Malay, and respond\nlikewise. All other people born in Mas or Antalisa have minimal\nknowledge of Kalamang, and are not counted as Kalamang speakers. Born to\nat least one Kalamang-speaking parent, they typically understand some\nbut not all Kalamang (e.g. simple commands and greetings), know a few\ndozen common words, and can say a handful of standard phrases. They\ncannot freely create simple clauses. They communicate in Papuan Malay\nwith both elders and peers. A rough overview of Kalamang competence per\nage group is given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:fluency\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:fluency\">2.2</a>.[^11] \n<div id=\"tab:fluency\"> \n\| born \| level \|\n\|:------------\|:-------------------------------------------\|\n\| before 1980 \| large majority fluent \|\n\| 1980s \| some fluent, some non-fluent, some minimal \|\n\| after 1990 \| some non-fluent, many minimal \|\n\| \| \| \nCompetence per age group, estimates \n</div> \nEthnologue’s page on Kalamang (which they have as Karas) says it is\nthreatened by Iha. None of my consultants know Iha, and I have not heard\nanyone communicate in it. Many Kalamang speakers, on the other hand,\nhave a good passive knowledge of the neighbouring language Uruangnirin.\nBecause exogamy is common, there are many speakers with other mother\ntongues in the Kalamang-speaking villages. Since there is often more\nthan one person from the same language area, these languages may also be\nheard. At the time of writing, the most frequent languages in Mas (after\nPapuan Malay and Kalamang) are Geser-Gorom, and . While the latter two\nare only spoken by the parent generation, Geser-Gorom is spoken by both\nthe grandparent and the parent generation. None of these (nor other\nIndonesian languages) are transmitted to children. My oldest consultants\nhave reported that when they were young, brides and grooms that moved to\na Kalamang-speaking village from other language areas acquired Kalamang.\nThis practice has since been replaced with being the language of\ncommunication in mixed marriages. \nAs stated above, fluent Kalamang speakers seem to have a neutral\nattitude towards their language. They would never hide the fact that\nthey speak the language, nor would they show off with it.[^12] Speakers\noccasionally express regret that their children do not speak Kalamang,\nbut rather than blaming themselves for not transmitting the language to\ntheir children, they blame their children for being too stupid to learn\nKalamang. I have not heard people express fears that their children do\nnot acquire Papuan Malay well enough if they learn Kalamang, although\nthis might be an underlying factor. \nKalamang has no written tradition, and is not used as an administrative\nlanguage. When asked, people readily write Kalamang words and texts\nwithout problems, using Indonesian orthography, which fits Kalamang\nphonology well (see §<a href=\"#sec:not\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:not\">2.6.6</a>). In the past three years, with the\nspread of cheap smartphones and internet connections, some Kalamang may\nbe found on social media such as Facebook. But as it is mainly\nnon-fluent and passive speakers who are connected, the use of Kalamang\nseems limited to short phrases alternating with Papuan Malay. \nKalamang does not display any identifiable dialectal differences. This\nis perhaps because Mas and Antalisa are small communities with frequent\ncontact and intermarriage. I have not registered any differences for\ngender, age group or other social or demographic factors. Having said\nthat, there is quite a bit of idiolectal (sometimes also intra-speaker)\nvariation in the pronunciation of certain words. This is indicated in\nthe dictionary and, as far as generalisations can be made, described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:consvar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:consvar\">[sec:consvar]</a>\nand§<a href=\"#sec:freevarvow\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:freevarvow\">[sec:freevarvow]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Phonetics, phonology and morphophonology", "Header 2": "Phoneme inventory", "Header 3": "Vowels", "Header 4": "Vowel reduction" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:schwa\" label=\"sec:schwa\"></span> In fast or casual speech,\n/a/ and especially /e/ in unstressed syllables\n(§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>) are commonly reduced to\n\\[ə\\]. If both /e/ and /a/ occur in unstressed syllables, as in\nsedawak ‘machete’, only /e/ is reduced. Examples are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:menadu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menadu\">[exe:menadu]</a>). \n\\[ma.ˈna.du\\] ∼ \\[mə.ˈna.du\\] ‘taro’\n\\[ga.ˈla\\] ∼ \\[gə.ˈla\\] ‘spear’\n\\[ka.niŋ.go.ˈni.e\\] ∼ \\[ka.niŋ.go.ˈni.ə\\] ‘nine’\n\\[se.da.ˈwak̚\\] ∼ \\[sə.da.ˈwak̚\\] ‘machete’\n\\[pe.ˈlɛr\\] ∼ \\[pə.ˈlɛr\\] ‘mast’ <span id=\"exe:menadu\"\nlabel=\"exe:menadu\"></span> \nExactly under which circumstances reduction to /ə/ takes place in\nKalamang is a question for further research. Next to speech style and\nstress, there are many other possible factors, such as syllable type,\nposition in the word and frequency of the word (cf. )." } ], "index": 12, "level": "low_resource", "question": "At Wer there are many Colocassia's.", "split": "train" }
Bekieman ningda an sirie nene Ruslan paruo.	My shoulder hurts, I'm sending for Ruslan's grandmother to heal it.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: My shoulder hurts, I'm sending for Ruslan's grandmother to heal it.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"My\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tray\nKalamang translation: talam\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"My\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sixty\nKalamang translation: putraman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"shoulder\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: shoulder blade\nKalamang translation: bekiemkang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"shoulder\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: shoulder\nKalamang translation: bekiem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"hurts\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thoughts\nKalamang translation: pikiran\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"hurts\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: one hundred\nKalamang translation: reitkon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: month name\nKalamang translation: hajiwak; robaherpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: early morning\nKalamang translation: go dung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sending\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: wedding rite\nKalamang translation: welawela\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sending\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: village building\nKalamang translation: gedung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"for\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: for\nKalamang translation: untuk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"for\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cry for\nKalamang translation: koecuan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Ruslan\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Karas Island\nKalamang translation: Kalamang lempuang; Kalamang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Ruslan\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: island\nKalamang translation: lempuang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"grandmother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: greatgrandmother\nKalamang translation: ninanus; tataninanus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"grandmother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: grandmother\nKalamang translation: nina; tara emnem; tatanina\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"heal\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: too heavy\nKalamang translation: nares\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"heal\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: hear\nKalamang translation: ra; kelua\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"it\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that's it\nKalamang translation: ma he me\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"it\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: with a hole in it\nKalamang translation: durcie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"My\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My bag has disappeared.\nKalamang translation: Tasan he gosomin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"My\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My heart is broken.\nKalamang translation: Minan karaok.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"shoulder\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The fish's gall bladder exploded.\nKalamang translation: Sar iemuna kararcie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"shoulder\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Grandfather Nostal splits planks, La Deka carries them on his shoulder.\nKalamang translation: Tata Nostala pawanat parair La Deka bitko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"hurts\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father neckbone hurts.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun komanggasirun ning.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"hurts\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Your leg hurts.\nKalamang translation: Korcara ning.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomorrow we go to Antalisa to marry Anafia and spouse.\nKalamang translation: Kasur in bo Tamisengga nahalarkin Anafia mu.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: How many glasses do you have?\nKalamang translation: Don pernananja losing puraman?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sending\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: An ibis is watching fish standing on a stone.\nKalamang translation: Kurua kona yarkeitko mambara sorara jaga.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sending\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are organising Hawa and Darfin's third day, (they are) extending a mat.\nKalamang translation: Mu Hawabon Darfinbon yuol karuonat paruo elat parapara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"for\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sara is diving for clams\nKalamang translation: Sara bo kanyuotkowar teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"for\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm getting strings for a basket.\nKalamang translation: An kiemalunara rep.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Ruslan\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's grandmother planted root vegetables next to the house.\nKalamang translation: Ruslan taraun kaliwat kewe mulko kawaya.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Ruslan\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Granny Ruslan's grandmother and family planted maize in their garden.\nKalamang translation: Nina Ruslan taraun mu keteles kowaya amdirunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"grandmother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rustam's grandmother spit on me by accident.\nKalamang translation: Rustam taraun anat salai koalom.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"grandmother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Granny Ruslan's grandmother and family planted maize in their garden.\nKalamang translation: Nina Ruslan taraun mu keteles kowaya amdirunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"heal\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's mother is heating banana leaves, she wants to make a \"lamet\".\nKalamang translation: Ruslan emuna imolat balare lamerat paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"heal\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'll comb my hear first.\nKalamang translation: An tok nakalanat sisiret.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"it\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Keep it still already!\nKalamang translation: Mat malelinde geǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"it\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When it rains we can see the other island close-by.\nKalamang translation: Kalis urta pi lenggonat komera kokir.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:a\" label=\"sec:a\"></span> Focused constituents are those\nwhich the speaker tries to introduce into the discourse , or “essential\npiece\\[s\\] of new information” . Kalamang has two focus markers: the\nenclitics =a and =ba. \nThe enclitic =a is a focus marker that typically attaches to the NP or\nPP. Question words often carry this enclitic and are naturally focused.\nSee(<a href=\"#exe:namana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namana\">[exe:namana]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tamatkoa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamatkoa\">[exe:tamatkoa]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnaman=a kiem-an yuwa=at kuet\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nbasket-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span> bring\n‘Who took my basket?’ <span id=\"exe:namana\" label=\"exe:namana\"></span>\nmu tamatko=a kajie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> pick\n‘Where did they pick \\[chestnuts\\]?’ <span id=\"exe:tamatkoa\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamatkoa\"></span> \n</div> \nIt is also common for =a to occur on the object in a question-answer\npair like(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>), where obviously the\npiece of new information is that which the interlocutor is asking about,\nkapurui, the name of a dish. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Ki nebara paruotkin?” Mu he toni mu kapurui mera paruotkin.\nki neba=at=a paruot=kin mu se toni mu kapurui met=a paruot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> kapurui\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘“What do you want to make?’’ They said they wanted to make that\nkapurui.’ <span id=\"exe:terques\" label=\"exe:terques\"></span> \n</div> \nWe also encounter =a on manner adverbial demonstratives\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), where there is a natural focus\non the part translating as ‘like this’.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:wandia\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wandia\">[exe:wandia]</a>), where the demonstrative\nis also an answer to a question. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:wandia\" label=\"exe:wandia\"></span> “Tamandi nina?” “Wandi,\nwandia paru!”\ntamandi nina wandi wandi=a paru\nhow grandmother like_this like_this=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘“How, grandmother?’’ “Like this, do like this.”’ \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:kiafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiafoc\">[exe:kiafoc]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bonafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bonafoc\">[exe:bonafoc]</a>), together\nwith(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>) above, show that focus\nmarker =a comes after postpositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nemun se sap=ki=a mara∼mara\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nstick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins=foc</span>\nmove_landwards∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘His mother came walking with a stick.’ <span id=\"exe:kiafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiafoc\"></span> mier pas kahen kon=bon=a min\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> woman tall\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com=foc</span> sleep\n‘She and a tall woman are sleeping.’ <span id=\"exe:bonafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:bonafoc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe clitic =ba is a secondary focus marker found only on\ndemonstratives (example<a href=\"#exe:yuwaba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yuwaba\">[exe:yuwaba]</a>), proper names\n(example<a href=\"#exe:tomib\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tomib\">[exe:tomib]</a>), question word naman ‘who’\nand question word root tama\n(example<a href=\"#exe:puloro\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:puloro\">[exe:puloro]</a>). It is much rarer than\n=a. =ba is often, but not exclusively, used with questions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmungkin dodon-un yuwa=ba neba=ko pue to semen=ko\nmaybe clothes-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph=loc</span> hit right\nconcrete=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘Maybe these clothes of his hit the whatsit, right, the concrete.’\n<span id=\"exe:yuwaba\" label=\"exe:yuwaba\"></span> wat na=ten yuwa naman=a\nyuwa ... Tomi=ba ye\ncoconut consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nTomi=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> or\n‘\\[Someone\\] who is drinking coconut here, who is this, Tomi?’\n<span id=\"exe:tomib\" label=\"exe:tomib\"></span> pulor opa ka tu=ta me\ntama=ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ta</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf that you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:puloro\" label=\"exe:puloro\"></span> \n</div> \nThe meaning of =ba as opposed to =a remains unclear. One also finds\nmixing of the two focus markers, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mantanba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mantanba\">[exe:mantanba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Namana somin?” “Ge o, Tete Mantanba, Tete Loklomin.”\nnaman=a somin ge o tete Mantan=ba tete Loklomin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> die no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> grandfather\nMantan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> grandfather Loklomin\n‘“Who died?’’ “Oh, grandfather Mantan, grandfather Loklomin.”’\n<span id=\"exe:mantanba\" label=\"exe:mantanba\"></span> \n</div> \n=ba is also used in a filler construction consisting of proximal\ndemonstrative wa, =ba and progressive =teba. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok wa=ba=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘He still, eh...’ neba kaman-un, kaman wa=ba=teba\nwhat grass-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> grass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘What kind of grass, grass eh...’ \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:corpusapp\" label=\"sec:corpusapp\"></span> This section\nprovides an overview of the transcribed recordings and elicited data in\nthe corpus, with their corpus tags, titles, length and number of words. \n<div class=\"longtable\"> \np1cmp7cmEE \n& &mm:ss&words \nstim 1 & Jackal and crow narrated by Binkur mama & 1:15&84\nstim 2 & Jackal and crow narrated by Mohtar pu bapak & 4:35&247\nstim 3 & Jackal and crow retold by Mohtar pu bapak & 2:58&341\nstim4 & Family problems part 1: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n5:41&382\nstim6 & Family problems part 2: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n19:32&788\nstim7 & Family problems part 2: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos &\n10:40&1468\nstim12 & Family problems part 3: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos & 7:29&706\nstim13 & Farm animals: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak & 3:48&283\nstim14 & Farm animals: Binkur pu mama and Mohtar pu bapak & 2:55&113\nstim15 & Discussing fishing gear 1 & 5:45&272\nstim16 & Discussing fishing gear 2 & 6:24&193\nstim20 & Frog, where are you narrated by Mohtar’s father& 6:46&394\nstim21 & Frog, where are you narrated by Om Nos for Yeni & 4:30&502\nstim24 & Japanese mute video narration by Mohtar’s father & 3:37&294\nstim25 & Man and tree picture matching 1& 9:41&293\nstim26 & Man and tree picture matching 2& 9:08&522\nstim27 & Man and tree picture matching 3& 17:28&454\nstim29 & Pear movie narrated by Om Nos and Bilal’s father & 2:30&296\nstim30 & Pear movie narrated by Djusman & 2:25&241\nstim31 & Pear movie narrated by Binkur’s mother & 3:24&338\nstim33 & Pear movie narrated by Mohtar’s father & 2:00&160\nstim34 & Pear movie narrated by Ruslan’s grandmother & 1:24&105\nstim35 & Route description from Arepner to the harbour & 2:25&118\nstim36 & Route description from the school to Arepner & 1:49&106\nstim37 & Route description from Tat to the school & 1:28&108\nstim38 & Space games & 12:22&547\nstim39 & Tinker toy picture matching 1 & 2:05&170\nstim40 & Tinker toy picture matching 2 & 2:55 &84\nstim42 & Village pictures picture matching 2 & 17:15&1248\nstim43 & Village pictures picture matching 3 & 23:32&862\nstim44 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:40&190\nstim45 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:02&89\nsubtotal && 3:22:28&11998 \nnarr1 & Remembering the dead & 8:24&489\nnarr2 & Marriage negotiations & 14:09&1296\nnarr3 & The rituals for putting the roof on a house & 13:55&1338\nnarr4 & A wedding & 8:05&712\nnarr5 & Wedding rituals & 5:04&449\nnarr6 & How to build a bamboo house & 6:38&319\nnarr7 & How to build a house & 14:48&1357\nnarr8 & When me and my husband went fishing & 7:20&600\nnarr9 & Making fried cookies part 1 & 7:01&98\nnarr10 & Making fried cookies part 2 & 5:02&30\nnarr11 & How to weave mats and baskets & 3:20&238\nnarr12 & Nutmegs& 9:20&716\nnarr13 & Offerings in the nutmeg plantations&5:42&541\nnarr14 & How to make a wooden canoe&6:22&725\nnarr16 & Malik’s funny story about cigarettes&5:53&467\nnarr17 & Malik’s funny story about the naked tourist&2:40&273\nnarr18 & Makuteli: birds on a boat&21:04&1180\nnarr19 & Linglong: Monkey and Cuscus sell firewood&16:59&1502\nnarr20 & Cassowary and Dog&4:24&363\nnarr21 & Crab& 5:34&527\nnarr22 & Kuawi&8:53&943\nnarr23 & The woman who turned into a lime&6:53&755\nnarr24 & Kelengkeleng woman&6:23&535\nnarr25 & The money-defecating cow&10:23&1181\nnarr26 & Married to a mermaid& 22:10&1787\nnarr27 & The providing tree&4:38&542\nnarr28 & Suagibaba&13:14&1378\nnarr29 & Finding water at Sui&8:00&820\nnarr30 & The talking coconut&2:08&228\nnarr31 & Traditional medicines that grow on Tat&6:39&505\nnarr32 & When I went to cure someone&2:28&158\nnarr33 & Leaf medicines part 1&6:16&253\nnarr34 & Leaf medicines part 2&5:30&367\nnarr35 & Leaf medicines part 3&6:23&426\nnarr36 & Leaf medicines part 4&2:22&102\nnarr37 & Route description from Mas to Antalisa&5:15&462\nnarr38 & Route description within Mas&2:08&144\nnarr39 & Why the crow is black&4:35&330\nnarr40 & Japanese bombings in WWII&22:45&1529\nnarr41 & What I did yesterday&2:42&230\nnarr42 & The last two canoes Om Nos built&16:00&1704\nnarr43 & When I was young&4:50&288\nnarr44 & Fishing and lobster diving with Keica&28:10&3909\nnarr45 & When Mayor went to Fakfak to get loans&4:37&417\nnarr46 & How to make the frame of a house &5:20&509\nsubtotal && 6:16:02&32422 \nconv1 & Netfishing 1 & 7:30&439\nconv2 & Netfishing 2 & 7:30&346\nconv3 & Netfishing 3 & 7:30&425\nconv4 & Netfishing 4 & 7:30&629\nconv5 & Netfishing 5 & 7:30&477\nconv7 & The Funeral of Tete Loklomin & 15:08&2109\nconv8 & Tenggelele ritual& 5:36&511\nconv9 & Binkur mama and Bakri mama talk current affairs & 32:45&3537\nconv10 & A conversation about fish & 23:02&3345\nconv11 & A conversation about chestnuts&6:41&1074\nconv12 & A kitchen conversation between two grandmothers&22:20&1901\nconv13 & A conversation about rice&13:08&1898\nconv14 & Two grandfathers talk current affairs&9:16&648\nconv15 & A conversation about cooking aubergine and papaya&6:27&588\nconv16 & A conversation about cooking vegetables&15:50&1445\nconv17 & How to weave a wallet part 1&45:00&1014\nconv18 & How to weave a wallet part 2&12:30&69\nconv19 & How to weave a wallet part 3&24:00&292\nconv20 & Mohtar’s father and Lamani’s father discuss root\nmedicines&49:07&4084\nconv21 & Boat trip around Karas Island 1& 07:30&190\nconv22 & Boat trip around Karas Island 10&1:29&41\nconv23 & Boat trip around Karas Island 12&0:39&14\nconv24 & Boat trip around Karas Island 13&0:44&14\nconv25 & Boat trip around Karas Island 14&4:51&47\nconv26 & Boat trip around Karas Island 6&0:41&16\nconv27 & Boat trip around Karas Island 7&7:30 &33\nconv28 & Boat trip around Karas Island 8&7:30&100\nsubtotal && 5:49:14&25286\ntotal && 15:27:44&69706 \n</div> \n<div class=\"tabularx\"> \nllQ\nBinominals & &\n[bin](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C4D-3)\nDemonstratives & &\n[thi](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C52-A)\nIamitives and nondums & &\n[iam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C55-7)\nIdematives & &\n[idem](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNaming & Handschuh p.c. &\n[nam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNegation & Veselinova and Miestamo& [neg,\nneg19](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nRelative clauses & &\n[rel](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nTMA & & [tam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C62-D)\nValency & &\n[val](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C65-5) \nMan and tree & Space games & &\n[stim13](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAC-8),\n[stim14](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAB-6)\n[stim25-27](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim38-40](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim42](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BE7-5) \nFamily problems & &\n[stim4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA8-B),\n[stim6](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA9-9),\n[stim7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAA-C),\n[stim12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BB0-D)\nFocus & via Arthur Holmer &\n[foc](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nFrog story& &\n[stim20](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAF-5),\n[stim21](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B94-F)\nJackal and crow& &\n[stim1-3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nTopological relations & &\n[top](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C63-9) \nCut and break &&\n[cut](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C50-E)\nDitransitives && [notebook 3, page\n345](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B66-5)\nJapanese story& via Arthur Holmer&\n[stim24](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C9C-7)\nMotion verbs & &\n[mot](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C56-3)\nPear movie& &\n[stim29-34](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nPut && [put1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5E-6),\n[put2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5F-7)\nReciprocal constructions &&\n[rec](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C61-7)\nStaged events &&\n[stag](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C64-3) \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: My shoulder hurts, I'm sending for Ruslan's grandmother to heal it.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Bekieman ningda an sirie nene Ruslan paruo.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Bekieman ningda an sirie nene Ruslan paruo.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Information structure", "Header 2": "Focus", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:a\" label=\"sec:a\"></span> Focused constituents are those\nwhich the speaker tries to introduce into the discourse , or “essential\npiece\\[s\\] of new information” . Kalamang has two focus markers: the\nenclitics =a and =ba. \nThe enclitic =a is a focus marker that typically attaches to the NP or\nPP. Question words often carry this enclitic and are naturally focused.\nSee(<a href=\"#exe:namana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namana\">[exe:namana]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tamatkoa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamatkoa\">[exe:tamatkoa]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnaman=a kiem-an yuwa=at kuet\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nbasket-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span> bring\n‘Who took my basket?’ <span id=\"exe:namana\" label=\"exe:namana\"></span>\nmu tamatko=a kajie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> pick\n‘Where did they pick \\[chestnuts\\]?’ <span id=\"exe:tamatkoa\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamatkoa\"></span> \n</div> \nIt is also common for =a to occur on the object in a question-answer\npair like(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>), where obviously the\npiece of new information is that which the interlocutor is asking about,\nkapurui, the name of a dish. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Ki nebara paruotkin?” Mu he toni mu kapurui mera paruotkin.\nki neba=at=a paruot=kin mu se toni mu kapurui met=a paruot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> kapurui\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘“What do you want to make?’’ They said they wanted to make that\nkapurui.’ <span id=\"exe:terques\" label=\"exe:terques\"></span> \n</div> \nWe also encounter =a on manner adverbial demonstratives\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), where there is a natural focus\non the part translating as ‘like this’.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:wandia\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wandia\">[exe:wandia]</a>), where the demonstrative\nis also an answer to a question. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:wandia\" label=\"exe:wandia\"></span> “Tamandi nina?” “Wandi,\nwandia paru!”\ntamandi nina wandi wandi=a paru\nhow grandmother like_this like_this=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘“How, grandmother?’’ “Like this, do like this.”’ \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:kiafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiafoc\">[exe:kiafoc]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bonafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bonafoc\">[exe:bonafoc]</a>), together\nwith(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>) above, show that focus\nmarker =a comes after postpositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nemun se sap=ki=a mara∼mara\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nstick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins=foc</span>\nmove_landwards∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘His mother came walking with a stick.’ <span id=\"exe:kiafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiafoc\"></span> mier pas kahen kon=bon=a min\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> woman tall\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com=foc</span> sleep\n‘She and a tall woman are sleeping.’ <span id=\"exe:bonafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:bonafoc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe clitic =ba is a secondary focus marker found only on\ndemonstratives (example<a href=\"#exe:yuwaba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yuwaba\">[exe:yuwaba]</a>), proper names\n(example<a href=\"#exe:tomib\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tomib\">[exe:tomib]</a>), question word naman ‘who’\nand question word root tama\n(example<a href=\"#exe:puloro\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:puloro\">[exe:puloro]</a>). It is much rarer than\n=a. =ba is often, but not exclusively, used with questions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmungkin dodon-un yuwa=ba neba=ko pue to semen=ko\nmaybe clothes-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph=loc</span> hit right\nconcrete=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘Maybe these clothes of his hit the whatsit, right, the concrete.’\n<span id=\"exe:yuwaba\" label=\"exe:yuwaba\"></span> wat na=ten yuwa naman=a\nyuwa ... Tomi=ba ye\ncoconut consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nTomi=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> or\n‘\\[Someone\\] who is drinking coconut here, who is this, Tomi?’\n<span id=\"exe:tomib\" label=\"exe:tomib\"></span> pulor opa ka tu=ta me\ntama=ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ta</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf that you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:puloro\" label=\"exe:puloro\"></span> \n</div> \nThe meaning of =ba as opposed to =a remains unclear. One also finds\nmixing of the two focus markers, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mantanba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mantanba\">[exe:mantanba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Namana somin?” “Ge o, Tete Mantanba, Tete Loklomin.”\nnaman=a somin ge o tete Mantan=ba tete Loklomin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> die no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> grandfather\nMantan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> grandfather Loklomin\n‘“Who died?’’ “Oh, grandfather Mantan, grandfather Loklomin.”’\n<span id=\"exe:mantanba\" label=\"exe:mantanba\"></span> \n</div> \n=ba is also used in a filler construction consisting of proximal\ndemonstrative wa, =ba and progressive =teba. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok wa=ba=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘He still, eh...’ neba kaman-un, kaman wa=ba=teba\nwhat grass-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> grass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘What kind of grass, grass eh...’ \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Corpus", "Header 2": null, "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:corpusapp\" label=\"sec:corpusapp\"></span> This section\nprovides an overview of the transcribed recordings and elicited data in\nthe corpus, with their corpus tags, titles, length and number of words. \n<div class=\"longtable\"> \np1cmp7cmEE \n& &mm:ss&words \nstim 1 & Jackal and crow narrated by Binkur mama & 1:15&84\nstim 2 & Jackal and crow narrated by Mohtar pu bapak & 4:35&247\nstim 3 & Jackal and crow retold by Mohtar pu bapak & 2:58&341\nstim4 & Family problems part 1: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n5:41&382\nstim6 & Family problems part 2: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n19:32&788\nstim7 & Family problems part 2: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos &\n10:40&1468\nstim12 & Family problems part 3: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos & 7:29&706\nstim13 & Farm animals: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak & 3:48&283\nstim14 & Farm animals: Binkur pu mama and Mohtar pu bapak & 2:55&113\nstim15 & Discussing fishing gear 1 & 5:45&272\nstim16 & Discussing fishing gear 2 & 6:24&193\nstim20 & Frog, where are you narrated by Mohtar’s father& 6:46&394\nstim21 & Frog, where are you narrated by Om Nos for Yeni & 4:30&502\nstim24 & Japanese mute video narration by Mohtar’s father & 3:37&294\nstim25 & Man and tree picture matching 1& 9:41&293\nstim26 & Man and tree picture matching 2& 9:08&522\nstim27 & Man and tree picture matching 3& 17:28&454\nstim29 & Pear movie narrated by Om Nos and Bilal’s father & 2:30&296\nstim30 & Pear movie narrated by Djusman & 2:25&241\nstim31 & Pear movie narrated by Binkur’s mother & 3:24&338\nstim33 & Pear movie narrated by Mohtar’s father & 2:00&160\nstim34 & Pear movie narrated by Ruslan’s grandmother & 1:24&105\nstim35 & Route description from Arepner to the harbour & 2:25&118\nstim36 & Route description from the school to Arepner & 1:49&106\nstim37 & Route description from Tat to the school & 1:28&108\nstim38 & Space games & 12:22&547\nstim39 & Tinker toy picture matching 1 & 2:05&170\nstim40 & Tinker toy picture matching 2 & 2:55 &84\nstim42 & Village pictures picture matching 2 & 17:15&1248\nstim43 & Village pictures picture matching 3 & 23:32&862\nstim44 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:40&190\nstim45 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:02&89\nsubtotal && 3:22:28&11998 \nnarr1 & Remembering the dead & 8:24&489\nnarr2 & Marriage negotiations & 14:09&1296\nnarr3 & The rituals for putting the roof on a house & 13:55&1338\nnarr4 & A wedding & 8:05&712\nnarr5 & Wedding rituals & 5:04&449\nnarr6 & How to build a bamboo house & 6:38&319\nnarr7 & How to build a house & 14:48&1357\nnarr8 & When me and my husband went fishing & 7:20&600\nnarr9 & Making fried cookies part 1 & 7:01&98\nnarr10 & Making fried cookies part 2 & 5:02&30\nnarr11 & How to weave mats and baskets & 3:20&238\nnarr12 & Nutmegs& 9:20&716\nnarr13 & Offerings in the nutmeg plantations&5:42&541\nnarr14 & How to make a wooden canoe&6:22&725\nnarr16 & Malik’s funny story about cigarettes&5:53&467\nnarr17 & Malik’s funny story about the naked tourist&2:40&273\nnarr18 & Makuteli: birds on a boat&21:04&1180\nnarr19 & Linglong: Monkey and Cuscus sell firewood&16:59&1502\nnarr20 & Cassowary and Dog&4:24&363\nnarr21 & Crab& 5:34&527\nnarr22 & Kuawi&8:53&943\nnarr23 & The woman who turned into a lime&6:53&755\nnarr24 & Kelengkeleng woman&6:23&535\nnarr25 & The money-defecating cow&10:23&1181\nnarr26 & Married to a mermaid& 22:10&1787\nnarr27 & The providing tree&4:38&542\nnarr28 & Suagibaba&13:14&1378\nnarr29 & Finding water at Sui&8:00&820\nnarr30 & The talking coconut&2:08&228\nnarr31 & Traditional medicines that grow on Tat&6:39&505\nnarr32 & When I went to cure someone&2:28&158\nnarr33 & Leaf medicines part 1&6:16&253\nnarr34 & Leaf medicines part 2&5:30&367\nnarr35 & Leaf medicines part 3&6:23&426\nnarr36 & Leaf medicines part 4&2:22&102\nnarr37 & Route description from Mas to Antalisa&5:15&462\nnarr38 & Route description within Mas&2:08&144\nnarr39 & Why the crow is black&4:35&330\nnarr40 & Japanese bombings in WWII&22:45&1529\nnarr41 & What I did yesterday&2:42&230\nnarr42 & The last two canoes Om Nos built&16:00&1704\nnarr43 & When I was young&4:50&288\nnarr44 & Fishing and lobster diving with Keica&28:10&3909\nnarr45 & When Mayor went to Fakfak to get loans&4:37&417\nnarr46 & How to make the frame of a house &5:20&509\nsubtotal && 6:16:02&32422 \nconv1 & Netfishing 1 & 7:30&439\nconv2 & Netfishing 2 & 7:30&346\nconv3 & Netfishing 3 & 7:30&425\nconv4 & Netfishing 4 & 7:30&629\nconv5 & Netfishing 5 & 7:30&477\nconv7 & The Funeral of Tete Loklomin & 15:08&2109\nconv8 & Tenggelele ritual& 5:36&511\nconv9 & Binkur mama and Bakri mama talk current affairs & 32:45&3537\nconv10 & A conversation about fish & 23:02&3345\nconv11 & A conversation about chestnuts&6:41&1074\nconv12 & A kitchen conversation between two grandmothers&22:20&1901\nconv13 & A conversation about rice&13:08&1898\nconv14 & Two grandfathers talk current affairs&9:16&648\nconv15 & A conversation about cooking aubergine and papaya&6:27&588\nconv16 & A conversation about cooking vegetables&15:50&1445\nconv17 & How to weave a wallet part 1&45:00&1014\nconv18 & How to weave a wallet part 2&12:30&69\nconv19 & How to weave a wallet part 3&24:00&292\nconv20 & Mohtar’s father and Lamani’s father discuss root\nmedicines&49:07&4084\nconv21 & Boat trip around Karas Island 1& 07:30&190\nconv22 & Boat trip around Karas Island 10&1:29&41\nconv23 & Boat trip around Karas Island 12&0:39&14\nconv24 & Boat trip around Karas Island 13&0:44&14\nconv25 & Boat trip around Karas Island 14&4:51&47\nconv26 & Boat trip around Karas Island 6&0:41&16\nconv27 & Boat trip around Karas Island 7&7:30 &33\nconv28 & Boat trip around Karas Island 8&7:30&100\nsubtotal && 5:49:14&25286\ntotal && 15:27:44&69706 \n</div> \n<div class=\"tabularx\"> \nllQ\nBinominals & &\n[bin](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C4D-3)\nDemonstratives & &\n[thi](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C52-A)\nIamitives and nondums & &\n[iam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C55-7)\nIdematives & &\n[idem](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNaming & Handschuh p.c. &\n[nam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNegation & Veselinova and Miestamo& [neg,\nneg19](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nRelative clauses & &\n[rel](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nTMA & & [tam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C62-D)\nValency & &\n[val](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C65-5) \nMan and tree & Space games & &\n[stim13](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAC-8),\n[stim14](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAB-6)\n[stim25-27](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim38-40](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim42](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BE7-5) \nFamily problems & &\n[stim4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA8-B),\n[stim6](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA9-9),\n[stim7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAA-C),\n[stim12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BB0-D)\nFocus & via Arthur Holmer &\n[foc](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nFrog story& &\n[stim20](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAF-5),\n[stim21](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B94-F)\nJackal and crow& &\n[stim1-3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nTopological relations & &\n[top](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C63-9) \nCut and break &&\n[cut](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C50-E)\nDitransitives && [notebook 3, page\n345](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B66-5)\nJapanese story& via Arthur Holmer&\n[stim24](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C9C-7)\nMotion verbs & &\n[mot](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C56-3)\nPear movie& &\n[stim29-34](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nPut && [put1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5E-6),\n[put2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5F-7)\nReciprocal constructions &&\n[rec](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C61-7)\nStaged events &&\n[stag](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C64-3) \n</div>" } ], "index": 13, "level": "low_resource", "question": "My shoulder hurts, I'm sending for Ruslan's grandmother to heal it.", "split": "train" }
Kainasu me tok sawaunin.	The ananas isn't ripe yet.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: The ananas isn't ripe yet.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: The Netherlands\nKalamang translation: Beladar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ananas\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: banana sap\nKalamang translation: im polun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ananas\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: banana leaf\nKalamang translation: imol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"isn\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: island\nKalamang translation: lempuang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"isn\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"t\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: may the sun pull out your liver\nKalamang translation: yuon ba mintolmaretkon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"t\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: young coconut\nKalamang translation: wat kabur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ripe\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: stripe\nKalamang translation: istrep; leis\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ripe\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: ripe\nKalamang translation: iren\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"yet\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: not yet\nKalamang translation: tok; tok tok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"yet\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: yet\nKalamang translation: tok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The fish's gall bladder exploded.\nKalamang translation: Sar iemuna kararcie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The kids climbed to the top of the tree.\nKalamang translation: Tumtum sara rorkeitko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ananas\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That banana tree is big.\nKalamang translation: Im me arun temun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ananas\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many earthworms at the banana tree.\nKalamang translation: Im ewun me kalabet reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"isn\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Kalamang broke his fast, he isn't fasting.\nKalamang translation: Kalamang me nasek ma tolasnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"isn\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That old man isn't strong anymore, he's old.\nKalamang translation: Esnem me ma he kuatnin, ma he tua.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"t\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's mother is heating banana leaves, she wants to make a \"lamet\".\nKalamang translation: Ruslan emuna imolat balare lamerat paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"t\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many leaves at the side of our house, avocado leaves.\nKalamang translation: Kewe mul inggon me lolok reidak, afokat olun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ripe\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: If you tasted its whatsit, that rice...\nKalamang translation: Nebaunara ka he narasaet, pasa opa me...\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ripe\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The top of the rice is still undercooked.\nKalamang translation: Pasa me keirun tok kangguar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"yet\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: First time they came they didn't know people yet.\nKalamang translation: Giarun mu lukta mu tok sontumat komahal.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"yet\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Halim's kid's fontanelle isn't hard yet.\nKalamang translation: Halim tumunun nakal pokpok tok karanin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nWeinun ‘too; also’ is an adverbial that modifies the clause. It is\nclause-final. There are no examples of weinun with a transitive verb. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkoi mindi weinun ba kahaman eirgan kit-pis\nthen like_that too but bottom both up-side\n‘Then \\[a picture\\] like that too, but both bottoms are up.’\n<span id=\"exe:weinun\" label=\"exe:weinun\"></span> ma gawar∼gawar\nweinun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nfragrant∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints</span> too\n‘It was fragrant too.’ \n</div> \nWeinun ‘too; also’ can be combined with the NP enclitic =nan ‘too;\nalso’. It is unclear what the (pragmatic) effect is of combining the\ntwo. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa=nan im karuok weinun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>=too banana three too\n‘\\[In\\] this \\[picture there are\\] three bananas too.’\n<span id=\"exe:nanweinun\" label=\"exe:nanweinun\"></span> bal-un=nan\ntiri mia weinun\ndog-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=too run come too\n‘His dog comes running too.’ <span id=\"exe:unan\"\nlabel=\"exe:unan\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nPurposive motion serialisation can also be achieved with the directional\nverb ra ‘to move (along a path); to become’ as V1. It is less generic\nthan bo ‘to go’, described above, in that it specifies the path of\nmotion in combination with the other verb. This is also evident from its\nuse as the antonym of mia ‘to come’ (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:ranmina\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ranmina\">[exe:ranmina]</a> above).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:mast\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mast\">[exe:mast]</a>), the use of ra refers to the\npath from a floating fish cage to a boat.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kulp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kulp\">[exe:kulp]</a>), the path from the speaker to\nthe fire is indicated by ra.\n(<a href=\"#exe:pasaromat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pasaromat\">[exe:pasaromat]</a>) is made with ra\nand the zero morpheme ‘give’, to indicate the path between the giver and\nthe recipient. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMas toni eh pi tiri ra komet=et\nMas say hey <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> sail move\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Mas said: “Hey, let’s sail out to look.”’ <span id=\"exe:mast\"\nlabel=\"exe:mast\"></span> im=at ... walawala=i din-neko kulpanggat=bon\nra sair\nbanana=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nthrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> fire-inside\ntriggerfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> move bake\n‘\\[I\\] threw the bananas in the fire, baked \\[them\\] with the\ntriggerfish.’ <span id=\"exe:kulp\" label=\"exe:kulp\"></span> an tok\nra<sub>V1</sub> pasarom=at<sub>T</sub> ma<sub>R</sub>\n∅<sub>V2</sub>=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> first move\nambarella=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I go give him an ambarella first.’ <span id=\"exe:pasaromat\"\nlabel=\"exe:pasaromat\"></span> \n</div> \nOther examples are(<a href=\"#exe:ramin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ramin\">[exe:ramin]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:ragerket\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ragerket\">[exe:ragerket]</a>) above. Ra ‘to move’\nis also used as the second verb in constructions with dependent verb\nkuru ‘to bring’ (§<a href=\"#sec:mvckuru\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvckuru\">14.2.1</a>,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:kwarin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kwarin\">[exe:kwarin]</a>), as the second verb in\ncomplex predicates linked by predicate linker =i\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvci\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvci\">14.1</a>,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:sirnag\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sirnag\">[exe:sirnag]</a>), and in causative\nconstructions (§<a href=\"#sec:svcdi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:svcdi\">[sec:svcdi]</a>,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:bint\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bint\">[exe:bint]</a>).\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: The ananas isn't ripe yet.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Kainasu me tok sawaunin.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Kainasu me tok sawaunin.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Adverbial modifiers", "Header 3": "Too/also", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "Weinun ‘too; also’ is an adverbial that modifies the clause. It is\nclause-final. There are no examples of weinun with a transitive verb. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkoi mindi weinun ba kahaman eirgan kit-pis\nthen like_that too but bottom both up-side\n‘Then \\[a picture\\] like that too, but both bottoms are up.’\n<span id=\"exe:weinun\" label=\"exe:weinun\"></span> ma gawar∼gawar\nweinun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nfragrant∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints</span> too\n‘It was fragrant too.’ \n</div> \nWeinun ‘too; also’ can be combined with the NP enclitic =nan ‘too;\nalso’. It is unclear what the (pragmatic) effect is of combining the\ntwo. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa=nan im karuok weinun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>=too banana three too\n‘\\[In\\] this \\[picture there are\\] three bananas too.’\n<span id=\"exe:nanweinun\" label=\"exe:nanweinun\"></span> bal-un=nan\ntiri mia weinun\ndog-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=too run come too\n‘His dog comes running too.’ <span id=\"exe:unan\"\nlabel=\"exe:unan\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Complex predicates", "Header 2": "Serial verb constructions", "Header 3": "Asymmetrical SVCs", "Header 4": "With ra ‘move’" }, "passage": "Purposive motion serialisation can also be achieved with the directional\nverb ra ‘to move (along a path); to become’ as V1. It is less generic\nthan bo ‘to go’, described above, in that it specifies the path of\nmotion in combination with the other verb. This is also evident from its\nuse as the antonym of mia ‘to come’ (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:ranmina\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ranmina\">[exe:ranmina]</a> above).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:mast\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mast\">[exe:mast]</a>), the use of ra refers to the\npath from a floating fish cage to a boat.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kulp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kulp\">[exe:kulp]</a>), the path from the speaker to\nthe fire is indicated by ra.\n(<a href=\"#exe:pasaromat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pasaromat\">[exe:pasaromat]</a>) is made with ra\nand the zero morpheme ‘give’, to indicate the path between the giver and\nthe recipient. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMas toni eh pi tiri ra komet=et\nMas say hey <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> sail move\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Mas said: “Hey, let’s sail out to look.”’ <span id=\"exe:mast\"\nlabel=\"exe:mast\"></span> im=at ... walawala=i din-neko kulpanggat=bon\nra sair\nbanana=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nthrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> fire-inside\ntriggerfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> move bake\n‘\\[I\\] threw the bananas in the fire, baked \\[them\\] with the\ntriggerfish.’ <span id=\"exe:kulp\" label=\"exe:kulp\"></span> an tok\nra<sub>V1</sub> pasarom=at<sub>T</sub> ma<sub>R</sub>\n∅<sub>V2</sub>=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> first move\nambarella=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I go give him an ambarella first.’ <span id=\"exe:pasaromat\"\nlabel=\"exe:pasaromat\"></span> \n</div> \nOther examples are(<a href=\"#exe:ramin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ramin\">[exe:ramin]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:ragerket\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ragerket\">[exe:ragerket]</a>) above. Ra ‘to move’\nis also used as the second verb in constructions with dependent verb\nkuru ‘to bring’ (§<a href=\"#sec:mvckuru\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvckuru\">14.2.1</a>,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:kwarin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kwarin\">[exe:kwarin]</a>), as the second verb in\ncomplex predicates linked by predicate linker =i\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvci\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvci\">14.1</a>,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:sirnag\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sirnag\">[exe:sirnag]</a>), and in causative\nconstructions (§<a href=\"#sec:svcdi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:svcdi\">[sec:svcdi]</a>,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:bint\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bint\">[exe:bint]</a>)." } ], "index": 14, "level": "low_resource", "question": "The ananas isn't ripe yet.", "split": "train" }
An sayang met kawayara ma he kos.	I planted that nutmeg, it's already growing.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: I planted that nutmeg, it's already growing.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"planted\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: plant\nKalamang translation: balkawuok; biawas; karek ewun saerak; kies koladok; koya; langsa; tabalaki atan; tagir polas; yawarnak; yies\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"planted\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: itchy plant\nKalamang translation: sere\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"that\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that have gone bad\nKalamang translation: tenenun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"that\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that\nKalamang translation: me\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"nutmeg\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: nutmeg fruit\nKalamang translation: sayang naun; sayang teun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"nutmeg\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: nutmeg garden\nKalamang translation: sayangar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"it\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that's it\nKalamang translation: ma he me\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"it\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: with a hole in it\nKalamang translation: durcie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"already\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thread\nKalamang translation: kawas\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"already\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: ready\nKalamang translation: kalar; siap\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"growing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: flowing water\nKalamang translation: per taluk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"growing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: growing tip\nKalamang translation: timun sobangun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"planted\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's grandmother planted root vegetables next to the house.\nKalamang translation: Ruslan taraun kaliwat kewe mulko kawaya.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"planted\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Granny Ruslan's grandmother and family planted maize in their garden.\nKalamang translation: Nina Ruslan taraun mu keteles kowaya amdirunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"that\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Aprilia's wish is that they go quickly.\nKalamang translation: Aprilia maun toni mu he loi boet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"that\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The rainbow that comes down from there blocks the wind.\nKalamang translation: Kalis tanggira he osangga bara urat namot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"nutmeg\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rajiba's father and family go to Karas Darat to harvest nutmeg.\nKalamang translation: Rajiba esun mu bo Lenggongga sayangsara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"nutmeg\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Teacher Banda is going harvesting nutmeg.\nKalamang translation: Pak guru Banda bo sayangkoser teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"it\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Keep it still already!\nKalamang translation: Mat malelinde geǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"it\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When it rains we can see the other island close-by.\nKalamang translation: Kalis urta pi lenggonat komera kokir.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"already\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Did those people from Fakfak already leave?\nKalamang translation: Pakpaet opa me he bot?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"already\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: This day, it was already late afternoon but the lamps weren't lighted.\nKalamang translation: Yuol wa me go he girgir lampur tok yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"growing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nona and Alun are throwing fishing line and (caught) many labis fish.\nKalamang translation: Nonabon Alunbon hukat paruakta labis reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"growing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The kids are throwing stones at the mangos.\nKalamang translation: Tumtum yargi wiat mudi.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:incorp\" label=\"sec:incorp\"></span> Nouns can, and\nfrequently are, incorporated in the verb in Kalamang. Noun incorporation\nis a process whereby a verb is derived from the compounding of a noun\nand a verb , as introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:compounding\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compounding\">5.2.2</a>. Only objects can be\nincorporated in Kalamang, and incorporated objects are recognised by\ntheir lack of object marking and the fact that the compound is treated\nas one phonological word. It is a common but optional parallel strategy\nto having a full (case-marked, stress-carrying) object NP. \nIn 2018, a count of all incorporations in the Kalamang corpus was\nconducted for a larger typological study (published as, which also\nincludes more details on frequencies and verb semantics). In 11 hours of\ntranscribed recordings, 155 incorporations with 60 different nouns and\n53 different verbs were found. The most commonly incorporating verbs\nwere na ‘to consume’, jie ‘to get; to buy’, paruo ‘to make’, rep\n‘to get; to collect’ and suban ‘to fish’. The most commonly\nincorporated nouns, excluding don ‘thing’, which is always\nincorporated, were sor ‘fish’, ter ‘tea’, kai ‘firewood’, muap\n‘food’ and per ‘water’. Some examples are given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:incorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:incorp\">12.5</a>. Proportions of incorporations per\nverb were calculated. The top four were sair ‘to shoot’ (4 out of 4\noccurrences of this verb are incorporations), suban ‘to fish’ (10/11),\nna in the meaning ‘to drink’[^71] (24/29) and jie ‘to get; to\ncollect’ (12/24) . \n<div id=\"tab:incorp\"> \n\| incorporating <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \| examples \| \|\n\|:-----------------------------------------------\|:------------------------------------------------------------\|:----\|\n\| na ‘consume’ \| per-na ‘water-drink’, wat-na ‘coconut-eat’ \| \|\n\| jie ‘get; buy’ \| kabun-jie ‘innards-get’, tabai-jie ‘tobacco-buy’ \| \|\n\| paruo ‘make’ \| kurera-paruo ‘basket-make’, amdir-paruo ‘garden-make’ \| \|\n\| rep ‘get; collect’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, alangan-rep ‘trouble-get’ \| \|\n\| suban ‘fish’ \| tebol-suban ‘reef_edge-fish’ \| \|\n\| incorporated <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \| examples \| \|\n\| sor ‘fish’ \| sor-rur ‘fish-skewer’, sor-pasor ‘fish-fry’ \| \|\n\| ter ‘tea’ \| ter-na ‘tea-consume’, ter-garewor ‘tea-pour’ \| \|\n\| kai ‘firewood’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, kai-narorar ‘firewood-drag’ \| \|\n\| muap ‘food’ \| muap-ruon ‘food-cook’, muap-koya ‘food-plant’ \| \|\n\| per ‘water’ \| per-na ‘water-consume’, per-jie ‘water-collect’ \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \nMost commonly incorporating verbs and incorporated nouns. \n</div> \nWhile there is one noun that cannot be the object of a verb but instead\nmust be incorporated, don ‘thing’, there are also restrictions on\nwhich elements can be incorporated. Pronouns, demonstratives and\nmodified nouns cannot be incorporated. As for the verbs, intransitive\nverbs cannot incorporate. Incorporation can take place on verbs that are\npart of a complex predicate. Both the first and the second verb in such\na construction may incorporate, as\n(<a href=\"#exe:jiena\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:jiena\">[exe:jiena]</a>) and\n(<a href=\"#exe:bomuapruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bomuapruo\">[exe:bomuapruo]</a>) illustrate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin=a per-jie na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=foc</span> water-get drink\n‘We got and drank the water.’ <span id=\"exe:jiena\"\nlabel=\"exe:jiena\"></span> ma ... bo amdir=ka bo muap-ruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go food-dig\n‘She goes to the garden to dig up food.’ <span id=\"exe:bomuapruo\"\nlabel=\"exe:bomuapruo\"></span> \n</div> \nMany pairs of incorporated noun and verb are also found in the corpus as\nnormal pairs of object + verb. For those incorporations for which an\nobject + verb counterpart was not found in the corpus, it was checked\nwhether not incorporating that noun in that verb was allowed. This was\nthe case for all, except combinations with don ‘thing’, and the\ncombination of min ‘adam’s apple; liver’ and tolma ‘to cut’. The\nincorporation mintolma ‘to cut \\[the\\] throat’ is a fixed expression\nused as a curse, and must be incorporated (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a> on cursing for examples). \nIt is unclear what the semantic or pragmatic difference is between\nincorporated and non-incorporated noun-verb pairs, and thus it remains\nfor further research what guides the choice between incorporating or not\nincorporating. Some incorporations are more abstract expressions.\nTer-na ‘tea-consume’, for example, does not necessarily mean ‘drinking\ntea’, but can also mean ‘having breakfast’. Incorporations with tree\nnames and sara ‘to ascend’ mean ‘to climb that tree in order to\nharvest’. However, we also find object + verb pairs with the same nouns\nand verbs which also have the more abstract meanings, suggesting that\nincorporation is not a requirement for the abstract reading. This is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:terincorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terincorp\">[exe:terincorp]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>), the speaker first uses\nter ‘tea’ as the object and na ‘consume’ as the verb. Two turns\nlater, in(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), he incorporates ter into\nna with the same meaning, ‘to have breakfast’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:ternatnin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ternatnin\">[exe:ternatnin]</a>) shows that negation\ndoes not play a role in the difference\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), and that ter may be\nincorporated in na also when the verb is negated. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan tok ter=at nat=nin an se sontum=at gonggung\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> yet\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nperson=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> call\n‘I haven’t had breakfast yet, I’m already calling people.’\n<span id=\"exe:teratna\" label=\"exe:teratna\"></span> Nur an=at gonggung=te\ntok ter-na\nNur <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\ncall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> first tea-consume\n‘Nur calls me to have breakfast first.’ <span id=\"exe:terna\"\nlabel=\"exe:terna\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:terincorp\" label=\"exe:terincorp\"></span> mu muap ba mu\nter-nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> eat but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘They ate but they didn’t drink tea.’ <span id=\"exe:ternatnin\"\nlabel=\"exe:ternatnin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis is not a question of referentiality (singling out a new referent by\nmeans of a non-incorporated noun), as on several occasions in the corpus\nthe first mention of a referent is already incorporated. Other possible\nfactors, such as whether or not the verb was inflected for mood or\naspect, or the animacy or plurality of the referent, do not seem to have\nan effect on the choice of incorporation vs. no incorporation. From\nlooking at the corpus examples, the only factor that was found to play a\nrole in the choice between incorporation or no incorporation is\nrepetition in the same or adjacent turns. Whenever a speaker repeats\nthemselves or the words of another speaker, there seems to be a\nheightened chance of repeating the previously used construction. But\neven after three repetitions of bir-na ‘beer-consume’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:birnana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:birnana\">[exe:birnana]</a>), speaker A suddenly opts\nfor a non-incorporated bir ‘beer’. \nThe functions of reduplication of verbs are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:verbred\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbred\">[sec:verbred]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nOne unit, iamitive se (an aspectual marker that can often be\ntranslated as ‘already’, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:setok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:setok\">[sec:setok]</a>), does not fit into any of\nthe categories described above and is analysed as a particle. \nSe is phonologically quite dependent: it does not carry stress, and it\nusually obeys morphophonological rules. In the great majority of\ninstances, when se follows a word ending in a consonant it takes the\nform se and when it follows a word ending in a vowel it takes the form\nhe. Se is also grammatically dependent, in the sense that it has no\nmeaning on its own, it does not occur on its own, and it has a fixed\nposition in the clause: it comes right after the subject NP. In these\nrespects se behaves like an enclitic. However, se is not bound to\nits phrasal host. Consider the question-answer pair\nin(<a href=\"#exe:anse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anse\">[exe:anse]</a>). When answering a question\nwith a subject, se and a verb, a speaker may elide the verb, but\nanswering with the subject and se is ungrammatical, showing that se\nis not bound to the subject NP. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=a se bot\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\n‘Who has already gone?’ an se\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n‘Me.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:anse\" label=\"exe:anse\"></span> \n</div> \nWe also find se in clauses where the subject is elided, as in example\n<a href=\"#exe:matdani\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:matdani\">[exe:matdani]</a>, which consists of the\nclauses \\[after burying him\\] and \\[went back up\\]. The second clause\nstarts with se, and the subject ‘we’ is elided. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmat dan=i koyet se ecien=i sara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\nbury=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> ascend\n‘After burying him \\[we\\] went back up.’ <span id=\"exe:matdani\"\nlabel=\"exe:matdani\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother example showing that the subject and se do not form a tight\nbond is the repetition of se. What is repeated in a clause with\nhesitation is not the subject + se, but se only. Both instances of\nse are unstressed. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:sese\" label=\"exe:sese\"></span> \n</div> \nBut se cannot stand alone as an answer, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kahebot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kahebot\">[exe:kahebot]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka se bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo\n‘Have you gone already?’ se\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n‘Yes/already.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:kahebot\" label=\"exe:kahebot\"></span> \n</div> \nNotice the difference compared to the other aspectual unit tok ‘yet’,\nalso described in §<a href=\"#sec:setok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:setok\">[sec:setok]</a>, which is a word. It carries\nits own stress, retains its phonological form no matter which units\nsurround it (nothing can be prefixed or suffixed to tok), and, most\nimportantly, it can stand alone as an answer (see also the section on\ninterjections, <a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kaiatrep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kaiatrep\">[exe:kaiatrep]</a>), the speaker acts out\na conversation between two people. (Thus, A and B do not stand for two\nactual speakers in the recording, but two fictional speakers.) \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nki se kai=at rep\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfirewood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> get\n‘Did you already get firewood?’ tok\nnot.yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:kaiatrep\" label=\"exe:kaiatrep\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: I planted that nutmeg, it's already growing.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "An sayang met kawayara ma he kos.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "An sayang met kawayara ma he kos.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Verbs", "Header 2": "Verb derivation", "Header 3": "Noun incorporation", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:incorp\" label=\"sec:incorp\"></span> Nouns can, and\nfrequently are, incorporated in the verb in Kalamang. Noun incorporation\nis a process whereby a verb is derived from the compounding of a noun\nand a verb , as introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:compounding\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compounding\">5.2.2</a>. Only objects can be\nincorporated in Kalamang, and incorporated objects are recognised by\ntheir lack of object marking and the fact that the compound is treated\nas one phonological word. It is a common but optional parallel strategy\nto having a full (case-marked, stress-carrying) object NP. \nIn 2018, a count of all incorporations in the Kalamang corpus was\nconducted for a larger typological study (published as, which also\nincludes more details on frequencies and verb semantics). In 11 hours of\ntranscribed recordings, 155 incorporations with 60 different nouns and\n53 different verbs were found. The most commonly incorporating verbs\nwere na ‘to consume’, jie ‘to get; to buy’, paruo ‘to make’, rep\n‘to get; to collect’ and suban ‘to fish’. The most commonly\nincorporated nouns, excluding don ‘thing’, which is always\nincorporated, were sor ‘fish’, ter ‘tea’, kai ‘firewood’, muap\n‘food’ and per ‘water’. Some examples are given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:incorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:incorp\">12.5</a>. Proportions of incorporations per\nverb were calculated. The top four were sair ‘to shoot’ (4 out of 4\noccurrences of this verb are incorporations), suban ‘to fish’ (10/11),\nna in the meaning ‘to drink’[^71] (24/29) and jie ‘to get; to\ncollect’ (12/24) . \n<div id=\"tab:incorp\"> \n\| incorporating <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \| examples \| \|\n\|:-----------------------------------------------\|:------------------------------------------------------------\|:----\|\n\| na ‘consume’ \| per-na ‘water-drink’, wat-na ‘coconut-eat’ \| \|\n\| jie ‘get; buy’ \| kabun-jie ‘innards-get’, tabai-jie ‘tobacco-buy’ \| \|\n\| paruo ‘make’ \| kurera-paruo ‘basket-make’, amdir-paruo ‘garden-make’ \| \|\n\| rep ‘get; collect’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, alangan-rep ‘trouble-get’ \| \|\n\| suban ‘fish’ \| tebol-suban ‘reef_edge-fish’ \| \|\n\| incorporated <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \| examples \| \|\n\| sor ‘fish’ \| sor-rur ‘fish-skewer’, sor-pasor ‘fish-fry’ \| \|\n\| ter ‘tea’ \| ter-na ‘tea-consume’, ter-garewor ‘tea-pour’ \| \|\n\| kai ‘firewood’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, kai-narorar ‘firewood-drag’ \| \|\n\| muap ‘food’ \| muap-ruon ‘food-cook’, muap-koya ‘food-plant’ \| \|\n\| per ‘water’ \| per-na ‘water-consume’, per-jie ‘water-collect’ \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \nMost commonly incorporating verbs and incorporated nouns. \n</div> \nWhile there is one noun that cannot be the object of a verb but instead\nmust be incorporated, don ‘thing’, there are also restrictions on\nwhich elements can be incorporated. Pronouns, demonstratives and\nmodified nouns cannot be incorporated. As for the verbs, intransitive\nverbs cannot incorporate. Incorporation can take place on verbs that are\npart of a complex predicate. Both the first and the second verb in such\na construction may incorporate, as\n(<a href=\"#exe:jiena\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:jiena\">[exe:jiena]</a>) and\n(<a href=\"#exe:bomuapruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bomuapruo\">[exe:bomuapruo]</a>) illustrate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin=a per-jie na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=foc</span> water-get drink\n‘We got and drank the water.’ <span id=\"exe:jiena\"\nlabel=\"exe:jiena\"></span> ma ... bo amdir=ka bo muap-ruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go food-dig\n‘She goes to the garden to dig up food.’ <span id=\"exe:bomuapruo\"\nlabel=\"exe:bomuapruo\"></span> \n</div> \nMany pairs of incorporated noun and verb are also found in the corpus as\nnormal pairs of object + verb. For those incorporations for which an\nobject + verb counterpart was not found in the corpus, it was checked\nwhether not incorporating that noun in that verb was allowed. This was\nthe case for all, except combinations with don ‘thing’, and the\ncombination of min ‘adam’s apple; liver’ and tolma ‘to cut’. The\nincorporation mintolma ‘to cut \\[the\\] throat’ is a fixed expression\nused as a curse, and must be incorporated (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a> on cursing for examples). \nIt is unclear what the semantic or pragmatic difference is between\nincorporated and non-incorporated noun-verb pairs, and thus it remains\nfor further research what guides the choice between incorporating or not\nincorporating. Some incorporations are more abstract expressions.\nTer-na ‘tea-consume’, for example, does not necessarily mean ‘drinking\ntea’, but can also mean ‘having breakfast’. Incorporations with tree\nnames and sara ‘to ascend’ mean ‘to climb that tree in order to\nharvest’. However, we also find object + verb pairs with the same nouns\nand verbs which also have the more abstract meanings, suggesting that\nincorporation is not a requirement for the abstract reading. This is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:terincorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terincorp\">[exe:terincorp]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>), the speaker first uses\nter ‘tea’ as the object and na ‘consume’ as the verb. Two turns\nlater, in(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), he incorporates ter into\nna with the same meaning, ‘to have breakfast’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:ternatnin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ternatnin\">[exe:ternatnin]</a>) shows that negation\ndoes not play a role in the difference\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), and that ter may be\nincorporated in na also when the verb is negated. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan tok ter=at nat=nin an se sontum=at gonggung\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> yet\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nperson=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> call\n‘I haven’t had breakfast yet, I’m already calling people.’\n<span id=\"exe:teratna\" label=\"exe:teratna\"></span> Nur an=at gonggung=te\ntok ter-na\nNur <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\ncall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> first tea-consume\n‘Nur calls me to have breakfast first.’ <span id=\"exe:terna\"\nlabel=\"exe:terna\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:terincorp\" label=\"exe:terincorp\"></span> mu muap ba mu\nter-nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> eat but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘They ate but they didn’t drink tea.’ <span id=\"exe:ternatnin\"\nlabel=\"exe:ternatnin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis is not a question of referentiality (singling out a new referent by\nmeans of a non-incorporated noun), as on several occasions in the corpus\nthe first mention of a referent is already incorporated. Other possible\nfactors, such as whether or not the verb was inflected for mood or\naspect, or the animacy or plurality of the referent, do not seem to have\nan effect on the choice of incorporation vs. no incorporation. From\nlooking at the corpus examples, the only factor that was found to play a\nrole in the choice between incorporation or no incorporation is\nrepetition in the same or adjacent turns. Whenever a speaker repeats\nthemselves or the words of another speaker, there seems to be a\nheightened chance of repeating the previously used construction. But\neven after three repetitions of bir-na ‘beer-consume’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:birnana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:birnana\">[exe:birnana]</a>), speaker A suddenly opts\nfor a non-incorporated bir ‘beer’. \nThe functions of reduplication of verbs are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:verbred\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbred\">[sec:verbred]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Morphological units and processes", "Header 2": "Morphological units", "Header 3": "Particle", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "One unit, iamitive se (an aspectual marker that can often be\ntranslated as ‘already’, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:setok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:setok\">[sec:setok]</a>), does not fit into any of\nthe categories described above and is analysed as a particle. \nSe is phonologically quite dependent: it does not carry stress, and it\nusually obeys morphophonological rules. In the great majority of\ninstances, when se follows a word ending in a consonant it takes the\nform se and when it follows a word ending in a vowel it takes the form\nhe. Se is also grammatically dependent, in the sense that it has no\nmeaning on its own, it does not occur on its own, and it has a fixed\nposition in the clause: it comes right after the subject NP. In these\nrespects se behaves like an enclitic. However, se is not bound to\nits phrasal host. Consider the question-answer pair\nin(<a href=\"#exe:anse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anse\">[exe:anse]</a>). When answering a question\nwith a subject, se and a verb, a speaker may elide the verb, but\nanswering with the subject and se is ungrammatical, showing that se\nis not bound to the subject NP. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=a se bot\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\n‘Who has already gone?’ an se\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n‘Me.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:anse\" label=\"exe:anse\"></span> \n</div> \nWe also find se in clauses where the subject is elided, as in example\n<a href=\"#exe:matdani\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:matdani\">[exe:matdani]</a>, which consists of the\nclauses \\[after burying him\\] and \\[went back up\\]. The second clause\nstarts with se, and the subject ‘we’ is elided. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmat dan=i koyet se ecien=i sara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\nbury=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> ascend\n‘After burying him \\[we\\] went back up.’ <span id=\"exe:matdani\"\nlabel=\"exe:matdani\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother example showing that the subject and se do not form a tight\nbond is the repetition of se. What is repeated in a clause with\nhesitation is not the subject + se, but se only. Both instances of\nse are unstressed. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:sese\" label=\"exe:sese\"></span> \n</div> \nBut se cannot stand alone as an answer, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kahebot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kahebot\">[exe:kahebot]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka se bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo\n‘Have you gone already?’ se\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n‘Yes/already.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:kahebot\" label=\"exe:kahebot\"></span> \n</div> \nNotice the difference compared to the other aspectual unit tok ‘yet’,\nalso described in §<a href=\"#sec:setok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:setok\">[sec:setok]</a>, which is a word. It carries\nits own stress, retains its phonological form no matter which units\nsurround it (nothing can be prefixed or suffixed to tok), and, most\nimportantly, it can stand alone as an answer (see also the section on\ninterjections, <a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kaiatrep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kaiatrep\">[exe:kaiatrep]</a>), the speaker acts out\na conversation between two people. (Thus, A and B do not stand for two\nactual speakers in the recording, but two fictional speakers.) \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nki se kai=at rep\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfirewood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> get\n‘Did you already get firewood?’ tok\nnot.yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:kaiatrep\" label=\"exe:kaiatrep\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 15, "level": "low_resource", "question": "I planted that nutmeg, it's already growing.", "split": "train" }
Nonabon Alunbon hukat paruakta labis reidak.	Nona and Alun are throwing fishing line and (caught) many labis fish.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Nona and Alun are throwing fishing line and (caught) many labis fish.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Nona\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: banana\nKalamang translation: im\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Nona\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cut diagonally\nKalamang translation: suwarma\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Alun\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Esa Tanggiun\nKalamang translation: Esa Tanggiun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Alun\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: run away from\nKalamang translation: kokiem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"throwing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: throw\nKalamang translation: mudi; muk; walawala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"throwing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: growing tip\nKalamang translation: timun sobangun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fishing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fishing line\nKalamang translation: nika; wien\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fishing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fishing hook\nKalamang translation: kaling\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"line\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: draw a line\nKalamang translation: kasep\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"line\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fishing line\nKalamang translation: nika; wien\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"caught\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: daughter\nKalamang translation: tumun pas\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"caught\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: caught with fear\nKalamang translation: semsuk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"many\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: many hungry people\nKalamang translation: muawesese\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"many\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how many\nKalamang translation: puraman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"labis\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: penis\nKalamang translation: us\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"labis\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: ibis\nKalamang translation: kurua\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fish\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fish place\nKalamang translation: sair\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fish\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: k.o. fish\nKalamang translation: alar; birbir; bugardadir; golip; gorip; goyas; gual; kamandi; kanaisasen; kanas; kanas kolkol; kas; kelikeli; kir; kolpanggat; kous; koutpol; kul; labis; labor; manggi; manman; momar; mormor; nebir; oioi; ora; ospulpul; paksanual; pous; pungpunggat; rum; rum timbang; sek; seik; sialar; sorbir; suban; tebolsuban; telenggues; torak; tup; u; war; wariam; winyal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Nona\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Grandfather Nostal splits planks, La Deka carries them on his shoulder.\nKalamang translation: Tata Nostala pawanat parair La Deka bitko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Nona\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Go seawards, seawards, seawards, there's tuna playing in the sea.\nKalamang translation: Ak, ak, ak, suagi wilao laur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Alun\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun gave back his shirt to Jikri.\nKalamang translation: Alun ladanunat namasuk Jikri kongga.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Alun\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun is lazy.\nKalamang translation: Alun me monkaret.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"throwing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The kids are throwing stones at the mangos.\nKalamang translation: Tumtum yargi wiat mudi.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"throwing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomi's mother was throwing fishing line and caught a shark.\nKalamang translation: Tomi emun wienmukta loptengat ramie reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fishing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When the tide is very low Tamandi's mother and friends go fishing for small fish with poisonous root.\nKalamang translation: Warkin emun kararak Tamandi emun mu birbir tup.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fishing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother went fishing, her fishing line was entangled.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun bo warta nikaun kolkol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"line\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomi's mother was throwing fishing line and caught a shark.\nKalamang translation: Tomi emun wienmukta loptengat ramie reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"line\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother went fishing, her fishing line was entangled.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun bo warta nikaun kolkol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"caught\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomi's mother was throwing fishing line and caught a shark.\nKalamang translation: Tomi emun wienmukta loptengat ramie reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"caught\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Manado caught many groupers.\nKalamang translation: Manado lawanramie reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"many\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother has many chickens, but they are still small.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun kokoun reidak ba tok kinkinun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"many\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many lusi muaun trees at Sar, but they are dry.\nKalamang translation: Lusi muaun me Sarko reidak ma ma he sasa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"labis\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's mother is kissing Dian's mother's child.\nKalamang translation: Nabil emun Dian emun tumununat namusi.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"labis\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: An ibis is watching fish standing on a stone.\nKalamang translation: Kurua kona yarkeitko mambara sorara jaga.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fish\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I fried fish but I still hide it.\nKalamang translation: An sorat pasor ba an tok mormor.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fish\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When the tide is very low Tamandi's mother and friends go fishing for small fish with poisonous root.\nKalamang translation: Warkin emun kararak Tamandi emun mu birbir tup.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nOther tags may be used to create rhetorical questions, or questions for\nwhich an affirmative answer is expected.\n(<a href=\"#exe:gebare\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gebare\">[exe:gebare]</a>) illustrates ge ‘no’\nwhich is used as a confirmation-seeking tag. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nwa me pulisi=a hukum ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\npolice=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> punish no\n‘Here the police officer is punishing, right?’ m’m pulisi=a hukum\nyes police=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> punish\n‘Yes, the police officer is punishing.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:gebare\" label=\"exe:gebare\"></span> \n</div> \nThe tag e is also used to evoke agreement from the listener (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a> and\n§<a href=\"#sec:idphon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:idphon\">[sec:idphon]</a>). E is not only used with\nquestions, and can also be used with declarative clauses for evoking\nagreement. The question\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tage\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tage\">[exe:tage]</a>) remains unanswered. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:tage\" label=\"exe:tage\"></span> wa me ge e\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nno <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘Not this one, right?’ \n</div> \nTo ‘right’ is a confirmation-seeking tag (from Malay toh, ultimately\nfrom Dutch toch, all with the same meaning), illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tagto2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tagto2\">[exe:tagto2]</a>). It is also used to check\nwhether the listener is still following along, and is often used to mark\ninformation that was previously given by the speaker, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tagto1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tagto1\">[exe:tagto1]</a>). Usually, an answer is not\nexpected. Like the tag e, the use of to is not confined to\nquestions, and can be a confirmation-seeking tag on declaratives as well\n(§<a href=\"#sec:idphon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:idphon\">[sec:idphon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa me nika wa me pi watko kaniet=et to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nfishing_line <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\ntie=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> right\n‘This is fishing line, this we tie here, don’t we?’\n<span id=\"exe:tagto2\" label=\"exe:tagto2\"></span> tumun opa me per\nnerunggo to\nchild <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> water inside right\n‘So that child is in the water, you see?’ <span id=\"exe:tagto1\"\nlabel=\"exe:tagto1\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:degradv\" label=\"sec:degradv\"></span> Kalamang has two\nenclitics that I classify as adverbials of degree. These are the clitics\n=sawe(t) ‘too’ and =tun, an intensifier which can also mean ‘too’.\nBoth attach to and scope over the predicate. \nThe clitic =sawe(t) usually attaches to predicates in the form of\nstative verbs, as in(<a href=\"#exe:sawe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sawe\">[exe:sawe]</a>), but can be on any predicate\nsuch as the incorporation construction halanganrep ‘to look for\ntrouble’ in(<a href=\"#exe:sawe2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sawe2\">[exe:sawe2]</a>) or the transitive verb\nkona ‘to see’ in(<a href=\"#exe:irulp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:irulp\">[exe:irulp]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma ririn=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> tall=too\n‘It’s too tall.’ <span id=\"exe:sawe\" label=\"exe:sawe\"></span> mu me\nhalangan-rep=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntrouble-get=too\n‘They’re looking for too much trouble.’ <span id=\"exe:sawe2\"\nlabel=\"exe:sawe2\"></span> Irul pi mat konan=sawe\nIrul <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> see=too\n‘Irul, we keep on seeing him.’ <span id=\"exe:irulp\"\nlabel=\"exe:irulp\"></span> \n</div> \nThe uses of =tun are illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tuntoo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tuntoo\">[exe:tuntoo]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tunvery\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tunvery\">[exe:tunvery]</a>). As an intensifier, it\nattaches only to reduplicated roots. These can be verbs, adverbials,\nnouns (as in example<a href=\"#exe:tunvery\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tunvery\">[exe:tunvery]</a>) or quantifiers. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnika kahen=tun ge nika taraman-kodak\nfishing_line long=too no fishing_line fathom-just_one\n‘Not a too long fishing line, just one fathom.’ <span id=\"exe:tuntoo\"\nlabel=\"exe:tuntoo\"></span> ma siun∼siun=tun timbang-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nedge∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints-ints</span>\nforehead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=loc</span>\n‘It’s at the very edge, at his forehead.’ <span id=\"exe:tunvery\"\nlabel=\"exe:tunvery\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Nona and Alun are throwing fishing line and (caught) many labis fish.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Nonabon Alunbon hukat paruakta labis reidak.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Nonabon Alunbon hukat paruakta labis reidak.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "The clause", "Header 2": "Non-declarative clauses", "Header 3": "Interrogative clauses", "Header 4": "Confirmation-seeking and rhetorical questions" }, "passage": "Other tags may be used to create rhetorical questions, or questions for\nwhich an affirmative answer is expected.\n(<a href=\"#exe:gebare\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gebare\">[exe:gebare]</a>) illustrates ge ‘no’\nwhich is used as a confirmation-seeking tag. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nwa me pulisi=a hukum ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\npolice=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> punish no\n‘Here the police officer is punishing, right?’ m’m pulisi=a hukum\nyes police=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> punish\n‘Yes, the police officer is punishing.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:gebare\" label=\"exe:gebare\"></span> \n</div> \nThe tag e is also used to evoke agreement from the listener (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a> and\n§<a href=\"#sec:idphon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:idphon\">[sec:idphon]</a>). E is not only used with\nquestions, and can also be used with declarative clauses for evoking\nagreement. The question\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tage\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tage\">[exe:tage]</a>) remains unanswered. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:tage\" label=\"exe:tage\"></span> wa me ge e\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nno <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘Not this one, right?’ \n</div> \nTo ‘right’ is a confirmation-seeking tag (from Malay toh, ultimately\nfrom Dutch toch, all with the same meaning), illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tagto2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tagto2\">[exe:tagto2]</a>). It is also used to check\nwhether the listener is still following along, and is often used to mark\ninformation that was previously given by the speaker, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tagto1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tagto1\">[exe:tagto1]</a>). Usually, an answer is not\nexpected. Like the tag e, the use of to is not confined to\nquestions, and can be a confirmation-seeking tag on declaratives as well\n(§<a href=\"#sec:idphon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:idphon\">[sec:idphon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa me nika wa me pi watko kaniet=et to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nfishing_line <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\ntie=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> right\n‘This is fishing line, this we tie here, don’t we?’\n<span id=\"exe:tagto2\" label=\"exe:tagto2\"></span> tumun opa me per\nnerunggo to\nchild <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> water inside right\n‘So that child is in the water, you see?’ <span id=\"exe:tagto1\"\nlabel=\"exe:tagto1\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Adverbial modifiers", "Header 3": "Adverbials of degree", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:degradv\" label=\"sec:degradv\"></span> Kalamang has two\nenclitics that I classify as adverbials of degree. These are the clitics\n=sawe(t) ‘too’ and =tun, an intensifier which can also mean ‘too’.\nBoth attach to and scope over the predicate. \nThe clitic =sawe(t) usually attaches to predicates in the form of\nstative verbs, as in(<a href=\"#exe:sawe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sawe\">[exe:sawe]</a>), but can be on any predicate\nsuch as the incorporation construction halanganrep ‘to look for\ntrouble’ in(<a href=\"#exe:sawe2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sawe2\">[exe:sawe2]</a>) or the transitive verb\nkona ‘to see’ in(<a href=\"#exe:irulp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:irulp\">[exe:irulp]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma ririn=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> tall=too\n‘It’s too tall.’ <span id=\"exe:sawe\" label=\"exe:sawe\"></span> mu me\nhalangan-rep=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntrouble-get=too\n‘They’re looking for too much trouble.’ <span id=\"exe:sawe2\"\nlabel=\"exe:sawe2\"></span> Irul pi mat konan=sawe\nIrul <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> see=too\n‘Irul, we keep on seeing him.’ <span id=\"exe:irulp\"\nlabel=\"exe:irulp\"></span> \n</div> \nThe uses of =tun are illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tuntoo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tuntoo\">[exe:tuntoo]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tunvery\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tunvery\">[exe:tunvery]</a>). As an intensifier, it\nattaches only to reduplicated roots. These can be verbs, adverbials,\nnouns (as in example<a href=\"#exe:tunvery\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tunvery\">[exe:tunvery]</a>) or quantifiers. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnika kahen=tun ge nika taraman-kodak\nfishing_line long=too no fishing_line fathom-just_one\n‘Not a too long fishing line, just one fathom.’ <span id=\"exe:tuntoo\"\nlabel=\"exe:tuntoo\"></span> ma siun∼siun=tun timbang-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nedge∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints-ints</span>\nforehead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=loc</span>\n‘It’s at the very edge, at his forehead.’ <span id=\"exe:tunvery\"\nlabel=\"exe:tunvery\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 16, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Nona and Alun are throwing fishing line and (caught) many labis fish.", "split": "train" }
Rehan gierun tur ba giartena kos.	Rehan's tooth fell out but a new one grows.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Rehan's tooth fell out but a new one grows.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Rehan\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: clean wood\nKalamang translation: nauanona\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Rehan\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: orphan\nKalamang translation: tumun miskinden\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tooth\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: smooth side leaf\nKalamang translation: suolkerun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tooth\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: run smooth\nKalamang translation: soki\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fell\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: top shell\nKalamang translation: wel\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fell\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: k.o. shell\nKalamang translation: daria; poar; roung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"out\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pulled out\nKalamang translation: dorcie; tadorcie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"out\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go out\nKalamang translation: keluar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"but\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: butterfly\nKalamang translation: pulpul\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"but\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: but\nKalamang translation: ba; tapi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"new\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: new\nKalamang translation: giar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"new\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: new moon\nKalamang translation: pak talawak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"one\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: one more\nKalamang translation: kodaet\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"one\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"grows\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: grow seedling\nKalamang translation: nageiding\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"grows\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: growing tip\nKalamang translation: timun sobangun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Rehan\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rehan doesn't want to go, he shakes his head.\nKalamang translation: Rehan sukaun botnin ma nakalunara muk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Rehan\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rehan's toy is broken.\nKalamang translation: Rehan kanggeirun he ten.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tooth\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi went to Fakfak too.\nKalamang translation: Bobinan Pakpaka bot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tooth\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Desi sits but Fit is disturbing her too much.\nKalamang translation: Desi melalu ba Fit mat koyalsawe.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fell\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There was an earthquake, I felt it.\nKalamang translation: Leng dekta an narasa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fell\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Unyil walked into her mother and her mother fell.\nKalamang translation: Unyil marmarta emunat kosara, emun tur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"out\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm mad at her, I don't feel good about her.\nKalamang translation: An mat kademor, an mat ninan kurang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"out\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Suci's mother blows the fire, her fire is about to die out.\nKalamang translation: Suci emun dinkou, dinun nalatkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"but\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: This day, it was already late afternoon but the lamps weren't lighted.\nKalamang translation: Yuol wa me go he girgir lampur tok yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"but\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to dry clothes but it's cloudy.\nKalamang translation: An dodonara masatkin ba go git git.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I saw Hidayat's father and family skin a deer.\nKalamang translation: An kona Hidayat esun mu rusat kawaruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That crow is making a nest in the coconut.\nKalamang translation: Goras yume eunara wat kerunggo paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"new\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He's wearing his new shirt.\nKalamang translation: Ma ladanun giartenara sabur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"new\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Kaimana is a new regency.\nKalamang translation: Kemana me kapubaten giarten.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"one\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's father's family has one fibre boat.\nKalamang translation: Salima esun mu fiberun kon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"one\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Taros they sell at Fakfak: one heap fifty thousand (rupiah).\nKalamang translation: Manadu mu Pakpao parinda tumpuk konde ripi purap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"grows\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Manado caught many groupers.\nKalamang translation: Manado lawanramie reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"grows\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I planted that nutmeg, it's already growing.\nKalamang translation: An sayang met kawayara ma he kos.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:incorp\" label=\"sec:incorp\"></span> Nouns can, and\nfrequently are, incorporated in the verb in Kalamang. Noun incorporation\nis a process whereby a verb is derived from the compounding of a noun\nand a verb , as introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:compounding\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compounding\">5.2.2</a>. Only objects can be\nincorporated in Kalamang, and incorporated objects are recognised by\ntheir lack of object marking and the fact that the compound is treated\nas one phonological word. It is a common but optional parallel strategy\nto having a full (case-marked, stress-carrying) object NP. \nIn 2018, a count of all incorporations in the Kalamang corpus was\nconducted for a larger typological study (published as, which also\nincludes more details on frequencies and verb semantics). In 11 hours of\ntranscribed recordings, 155 incorporations with 60 different nouns and\n53 different verbs were found. The most commonly incorporating verbs\nwere na ‘to consume’, jie ‘to get; to buy’, paruo ‘to make’, rep\n‘to get; to collect’ and suban ‘to fish’. The most commonly\nincorporated nouns, excluding don ‘thing’, which is always\nincorporated, were sor ‘fish’, ter ‘tea’, kai ‘firewood’, muap\n‘food’ and per ‘water’. Some examples are given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:incorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:incorp\">12.5</a>. Proportions of incorporations per\nverb were calculated. The top four were sair ‘to shoot’ (4 out of 4\noccurrences of this verb are incorporations), suban ‘to fish’ (10/11),\nna in the meaning ‘to drink’[^71] (24/29) and jie ‘to get; to\ncollect’ (12/24) . \n<div id=\"tab:incorp\"> \n\| incorporating <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \| examples \| \|\n\|:-----------------------------------------------\|:------------------------------------------------------------\|:----\|\n\| na ‘consume’ \| per-na ‘water-drink’, wat-na ‘coconut-eat’ \| \|\n\| jie ‘get; buy’ \| kabun-jie ‘innards-get’, tabai-jie ‘tobacco-buy’ \| \|\n\| paruo ‘make’ \| kurera-paruo ‘basket-make’, amdir-paruo ‘garden-make’ \| \|\n\| rep ‘get; collect’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, alangan-rep ‘trouble-get’ \| \|\n\| suban ‘fish’ \| tebol-suban ‘reef_edge-fish’ \| \|\n\| incorporated <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \| examples \| \|\n\| sor ‘fish’ \| sor-rur ‘fish-skewer’, sor-pasor ‘fish-fry’ \| \|\n\| ter ‘tea’ \| ter-na ‘tea-consume’, ter-garewor ‘tea-pour’ \| \|\n\| kai ‘firewood’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, kai-narorar ‘firewood-drag’ \| \|\n\| muap ‘food’ \| muap-ruon ‘food-cook’, muap-koya ‘food-plant’ \| \|\n\| per ‘water’ \| per-na ‘water-consume’, per-jie ‘water-collect’ \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \nMost commonly incorporating verbs and incorporated nouns. \n</div> \nWhile there is one noun that cannot be the object of a verb but instead\nmust be incorporated, don ‘thing’, there are also restrictions on\nwhich elements can be incorporated. Pronouns, demonstratives and\nmodified nouns cannot be incorporated. As for the verbs, intransitive\nverbs cannot incorporate. Incorporation can take place on verbs that are\npart of a complex predicate. Both the first and the second verb in such\na construction may incorporate, as\n(<a href=\"#exe:jiena\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:jiena\">[exe:jiena]</a>) and\n(<a href=\"#exe:bomuapruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bomuapruo\">[exe:bomuapruo]</a>) illustrate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin=a per-jie na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=foc</span> water-get drink\n‘We got and drank the water.’ <span id=\"exe:jiena\"\nlabel=\"exe:jiena\"></span> ma ... bo amdir=ka bo muap-ruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go food-dig\n‘She goes to the garden to dig up food.’ <span id=\"exe:bomuapruo\"\nlabel=\"exe:bomuapruo\"></span> \n</div> \nMany pairs of incorporated noun and verb are also found in the corpus as\nnormal pairs of object + verb. For those incorporations for which an\nobject + verb counterpart was not found in the corpus, it was checked\nwhether not incorporating that noun in that verb was allowed. This was\nthe case for all, except combinations with don ‘thing’, and the\ncombination of min ‘adam’s apple; liver’ and tolma ‘to cut’. The\nincorporation mintolma ‘to cut \\[the\\] throat’ is a fixed expression\nused as a curse, and must be incorporated (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a> on cursing for examples). \nIt is unclear what the semantic or pragmatic difference is between\nincorporated and non-incorporated noun-verb pairs, and thus it remains\nfor further research what guides the choice between incorporating or not\nincorporating. Some incorporations are more abstract expressions.\nTer-na ‘tea-consume’, for example, does not necessarily mean ‘drinking\ntea’, but can also mean ‘having breakfast’. Incorporations with tree\nnames and sara ‘to ascend’ mean ‘to climb that tree in order to\nharvest’. However, we also find object + verb pairs with the same nouns\nand verbs which also have the more abstract meanings, suggesting that\nincorporation is not a requirement for the abstract reading. This is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:terincorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terincorp\">[exe:terincorp]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>), the speaker first uses\nter ‘tea’ as the object and na ‘consume’ as the verb. Two turns\nlater, in(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), he incorporates ter into\nna with the same meaning, ‘to have breakfast’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:ternatnin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ternatnin\">[exe:ternatnin]</a>) shows that negation\ndoes not play a role in the difference\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), and that ter may be\nincorporated in na also when the verb is negated. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan tok ter=at nat=nin an se sontum=at gonggung\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> yet\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nperson=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> call\n‘I haven’t had breakfast yet, I’m already calling people.’\n<span id=\"exe:teratna\" label=\"exe:teratna\"></span> Nur an=at gonggung=te\ntok ter-na\nNur <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\ncall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> first tea-consume\n‘Nur calls me to have breakfast first.’ <span id=\"exe:terna\"\nlabel=\"exe:terna\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:terincorp\" label=\"exe:terincorp\"></span> mu muap ba mu\nter-nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> eat but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘They ate but they didn’t drink tea.’ <span id=\"exe:ternatnin\"\nlabel=\"exe:ternatnin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis is not a question of referentiality (singling out a new referent by\nmeans of a non-incorporated noun), as on several occasions in the corpus\nthe first mention of a referent is already incorporated. Other possible\nfactors, such as whether or not the verb was inflected for mood or\naspect, or the animacy or plurality of the referent, do not seem to have\nan effect on the choice of incorporation vs. no incorporation. From\nlooking at the corpus examples, the only factor that was found to play a\nrole in the choice between incorporation or no incorporation is\nrepetition in the same or adjacent turns. Whenever a speaker repeats\nthemselves or the words of another speaker, there seems to be a\nheightened chance of repeating the previously used construction. But\neven after three repetitions of bir-na ‘beer-consume’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:birnana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:birnana\">[exe:birnana]</a>), speaker A suddenly opts\nfor a non-incorporated bir ‘beer’. \nThe functions of reduplication of verbs are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:verbred\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbred\">[sec:verbred]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:negnondecl\" label=\"sec:negnondecl\"></span> Content\nquestions (§<a href=\"#sec:opq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:opq\">[sec:opq]</a>) are negated with negator =nin,\nas illustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:kabnin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kabnin\">[exe:kabnin]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnaman=a kewe=at kabarat=nin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nsweep=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Who doesn’t want to sweep the house?’ <span id=\"exe:kabnin\"\nlabel=\"exe:kabnin\"></span> \n</div> \nPolar questions (§<a href=\"#sec:polq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:polq\">[sec:polq]</a>) are formed by adding ye ge,\nliterally ‘or not’, at the end of an affirmative clause, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:yege1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yege1\">[exe:yege1]</a>). Ye ge is neutral in the\nsense that there is no expectation of either a positive or negative\nanswer. Leaving ye ge out but keeping question intonation is possible,\nbut not often encountered. \n<span id=\"exe:yege1\" label=\"exe:yege1\"></span> mu kat gonggung ter-nan\nye ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span> call tea-consume or not\n‘Are they calling you for tea?’ \nTo express a negative expectation to an answer (as opposed to\nconfirmation-seeking,\n§<a href=\"#sec:confquest\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:confquest\">13.4.1.3</a>), one may use negator\n=nin. Note that there are no occurrences of this type in the natural\nspoken corpus. \n<span id=\"exe:natnin\" label=\"exe:natnin\"></span> ma pasa=at\nnat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nrice=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Doesn’t he eat rice?’ \nThere are no occurrences of negated alternative questions. \nProhibitives, the negative counterpart of imperatives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:impcla\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:impcla\">[sec:impcla]</a>), have a dedicated\nconstruction involving pronominal suffix -mun and clitic =in on the\npredicate. Note that a combination of -mun and negator =nin is\nungrammatical. Example(<a href=\"#exe:proh1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:proh1\">[exe:proh1]</a>) illustrates a prohibitive\nclause. See also §<a href=\"#sec:proh\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:proh\">[sec:proh]</a>. \n<span id=\"exe:proh1\" label=\"exe:proh1\"></span> ka-mun koyal=in\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\ndisturb=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n‘Don’t you disturb!’\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Rehan's tooth fell out but a new one grows.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Rehan gierun tur ba giartena kos.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Rehan gierun tur ba giartena kos.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Verbs", "Header 2": "Verb derivation", "Header 3": "Noun incorporation", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:incorp\" label=\"sec:incorp\"></span> Nouns can, and\nfrequently are, incorporated in the verb in Kalamang. Noun incorporation\nis a process whereby a verb is derived from the compounding of a noun\nand a verb , as introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:compounding\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compounding\">5.2.2</a>. Only objects can be\nincorporated in Kalamang, and incorporated objects are recognised by\ntheir lack of object marking and the fact that the compound is treated\nas one phonological word. It is a common but optional parallel strategy\nto having a full (case-marked, stress-carrying) object NP. \nIn 2018, a count of all incorporations in the Kalamang corpus was\nconducted for a larger typological study (published as, which also\nincludes more details on frequencies and verb semantics). In 11 hours of\ntranscribed recordings, 155 incorporations with 60 different nouns and\n53 different verbs were found. The most commonly incorporating verbs\nwere na ‘to consume’, jie ‘to get; to buy’, paruo ‘to make’, rep\n‘to get; to collect’ and suban ‘to fish’. The most commonly\nincorporated nouns, excluding don ‘thing’, which is always\nincorporated, were sor ‘fish’, ter ‘tea’, kai ‘firewood’, muap\n‘food’ and per ‘water’. Some examples are given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:incorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:incorp\">12.5</a>. Proportions of incorporations per\nverb were calculated. The top four were sair ‘to shoot’ (4 out of 4\noccurrences of this verb are incorporations), suban ‘to fish’ (10/11),\nna in the meaning ‘to drink’[^71] (24/29) and jie ‘to get; to\ncollect’ (12/24) . \n<div id=\"tab:incorp\"> \n\| incorporating <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \| examples \| \|\n\|:-----------------------------------------------\|:------------------------------------------------------------\|:----\|\n\| na ‘consume’ \| per-na ‘water-drink’, wat-na ‘coconut-eat’ \| \|\n\| jie ‘get; buy’ \| kabun-jie ‘innards-get’, tabai-jie ‘tobacco-buy’ \| \|\n\| paruo ‘make’ \| kurera-paruo ‘basket-make’, amdir-paruo ‘garden-make’ \| \|\n\| rep ‘get; collect’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, alangan-rep ‘trouble-get’ \| \|\n\| suban ‘fish’ \| tebol-suban ‘reef_edge-fish’ \| \|\n\| incorporated <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \| examples \| \|\n\| sor ‘fish’ \| sor-rur ‘fish-skewer’, sor-pasor ‘fish-fry’ \| \|\n\| ter ‘tea’ \| ter-na ‘tea-consume’, ter-garewor ‘tea-pour’ \| \|\n\| kai ‘firewood’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, kai-narorar ‘firewood-drag’ \| \|\n\| muap ‘food’ \| muap-ruon ‘food-cook’, muap-koya ‘food-plant’ \| \|\n\| per ‘water’ \| per-na ‘water-consume’, per-jie ‘water-collect’ \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \nMost commonly incorporating verbs and incorporated nouns. \n</div> \nWhile there is one noun that cannot be the object of a verb but instead\nmust be incorporated, don ‘thing’, there are also restrictions on\nwhich elements can be incorporated. Pronouns, demonstratives and\nmodified nouns cannot be incorporated. As for the verbs, intransitive\nverbs cannot incorporate. Incorporation can take place on verbs that are\npart of a complex predicate. Both the first and the second verb in such\na construction may incorporate, as\n(<a href=\"#exe:jiena\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:jiena\">[exe:jiena]</a>) and\n(<a href=\"#exe:bomuapruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bomuapruo\">[exe:bomuapruo]</a>) illustrate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin=a per-jie na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=foc</span> water-get drink\n‘We got and drank the water.’ <span id=\"exe:jiena\"\nlabel=\"exe:jiena\"></span> ma ... bo amdir=ka bo muap-ruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go food-dig\n‘She goes to the garden to dig up food.’ <span id=\"exe:bomuapruo\"\nlabel=\"exe:bomuapruo\"></span> \n</div> \nMany pairs of incorporated noun and verb are also found in the corpus as\nnormal pairs of object + verb. For those incorporations for which an\nobject + verb counterpart was not found in the corpus, it was checked\nwhether not incorporating that noun in that verb was allowed. This was\nthe case for all, except combinations with don ‘thing’, and the\ncombination of min ‘adam’s apple; liver’ and tolma ‘to cut’. The\nincorporation mintolma ‘to cut \\[the\\] throat’ is a fixed expression\nused as a curse, and must be incorporated (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a> on cursing for examples). \nIt is unclear what the semantic or pragmatic difference is between\nincorporated and non-incorporated noun-verb pairs, and thus it remains\nfor further research what guides the choice between incorporating or not\nincorporating. Some incorporations are more abstract expressions.\nTer-na ‘tea-consume’, for example, does not necessarily mean ‘drinking\ntea’, but can also mean ‘having breakfast’. Incorporations with tree\nnames and sara ‘to ascend’ mean ‘to climb that tree in order to\nharvest’. However, we also find object + verb pairs with the same nouns\nand verbs which also have the more abstract meanings, suggesting that\nincorporation is not a requirement for the abstract reading. This is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:terincorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terincorp\">[exe:terincorp]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>), the speaker first uses\nter ‘tea’ as the object and na ‘consume’ as the verb. Two turns\nlater, in(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), he incorporates ter into\nna with the same meaning, ‘to have breakfast’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:ternatnin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ternatnin\">[exe:ternatnin]</a>) shows that negation\ndoes not play a role in the difference\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), and that ter may be\nincorporated in na also when the verb is negated. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan tok ter=at nat=nin an se sontum=at gonggung\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> yet\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nperson=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> call\n‘I haven’t had breakfast yet, I’m already calling people.’\n<span id=\"exe:teratna\" label=\"exe:teratna\"></span> Nur an=at gonggung=te\ntok ter-na\nNur <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\ncall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> first tea-consume\n‘Nur calls me to have breakfast first.’ <span id=\"exe:terna\"\nlabel=\"exe:terna\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:terincorp\" label=\"exe:terincorp\"></span> mu muap ba mu\nter-nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> eat but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘They ate but they didn’t drink tea.’ <span id=\"exe:ternatnin\"\nlabel=\"exe:ternatnin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis is not a question of referentiality (singling out a new referent by\nmeans of a non-incorporated noun), as on several occasions in the corpus\nthe first mention of a referent is already incorporated. Other possible\nfactors, such as whether or not the verb was inflected for mood or\naspect, or the animacy or plurality of the referent, do not seem to have\nan effect on the choice of incorporation vs. no incorporation. From\nlooking at the corpus examples, the only factor that was found to play a\nrole in the choice between incorporation or no incorporation is\nrepetition in the same or adjacent turns. Whenever a speaker repeats\nthemselves or the words of another speaker, there seems to be a\nheightened chance of repeating the previously used construction. But\neven after three repetitions of bir-na ‘beer-consume’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:birnana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:birnana\">[exe:birnana]</a>), speaker A suddenly opts\nfor a non-incorporated bir ‘beer’. \nThe functions of reduplication of verbs are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:verbred\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbred\">[sec:verbred]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "The clause", "Header 2": "Negative clauses", "Header 3": "Negation in non-declaratives", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:negnondecl\" label=\"sec:negnondecl\"></span> Content\nquestions (§<a href=\"#sec:opq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:opq\">[sec:opq]</a>) are negated with negator =nin,\nas illustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:kabnin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kabnin\">[exe:kabnin]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnaman=a kewe=at kabarat=nin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nsweep=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Who doesn’t want to sweep the house?’ <span id=\"exe:kabnin\"\nlabel=\"exe:kabnin\"></span> \n</div> \nPolar questions (§<a href=\"#sec:polq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:polq\">[sec:polq]</a>) are formed by adding ye ge,\nliterally ‘or not’, at the end of an affirmative clause, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:yege1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yege1\">[exe:yege1]</a>). Ye ge is neutral in the\nsense that there is no expectation of either a positive or negative\nanswer. Leaving ye ge out but keeping question intonation is possible,\nbut not often encountered. \n<span id=\"exe:yege1\" label=\"exe:yege1\"></span> mu kat gonggung ter-nan\nye ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span> call tea-consume or not\n‘Are they calling you for tea?’ \nTo express a negative expectation to an answer (as opposed to\nconfirmation-seeking,\n§<a href=\"#sec:confquest\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:confquest\">13.4.1.3</a>), one may use negator\n=nin. Note that there are no occurrences of this type in the natural\nspoken corpus. \n<span id=\"exe:natnin\" label=\"exe:natnin\"></span> ma pasa=at\nnat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nrice=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Doesn’t he eat rice?’ \nThere are no occurrences of negated alternative questions. \nProhibitives, the negative counterpart of imperatives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:impcla\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:impcla\">[sec:impcla]</a>), have a dedicated\nconstruction involving pronominal suffix -mun and clitic =in on the\npredicate. Note that a combination of -mun and negator =nin is\nungrammatical. Example(<a href=\"#exe:proh1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:proh1\">[exe:proh1]</a>) illustrates a prohibitive\nclause. See also §<a href=\"#sec:proh\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:proh\">[sec:proh]</a>. \n<span id=\"exe:proh1\" label=\"exe:proh1\"></span> ka-mun koyal=in\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\ndisturb=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n‘Don’t you disturb!’" } ], "index": 17, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Rehan's tooth fell out but a new one grows.", "split": "train" }
Bakri emun muapsabur kurera reba minggi sanggeran paruotkin.	Bakri's mother is sieving sago, she wants to make sago.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Bakri's mother is sieving sago, she wants to make sago.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Bakri\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Banda Islands\nKalamang translation: Andan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Bakri\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pestle for coconut and kanari nut\nKalamang translation: rusinggain\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: greatgrandmother\nKalamang translation: ninanus; tataninanus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mother\nKalamang translation: ema\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sieving\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: living place\nKalamang translation: tuatkur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sieving\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: carry living being on back\nKalamang translation: poup\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sago\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sago palm leaves\nKalamang translation: sanong\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sago\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sago leaf roof\nKalamang translation: muapsabursanong\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"she\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: shelf\nKalamang translation: rak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"she\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cone shell\nKalamang translation: salawei\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wants\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pants\nKalamang translation: sungsung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wants\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: want\nKalamang translation: suka; toni; mau\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"make\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: make soft\nKalamang translation: rarie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"make\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: make rim\nKalamang translation: kangjie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sago\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sago palm leaves\nKalamang translation: sanong\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sago\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sago leaf roof\nKalamang translation: muapsabursanong\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Bakri\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother's tub is broken, she wants to wash clothes but she can't.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun bintangun se parair ma dodonwaruotkin ba eranun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Bakri\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mei called Bakri's father.\nKalamang translation: Mei Bakri esunat kodi.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother lost weight, she's small.\nKalamang translation: Saiilima emun kadenun tur, kaden cicaun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.\nKalamang translation: Tamandi emun kiwat semda bo dalangdalang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sieving\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many roving coral groupers at Gowien.\nKalamang translation: Kabaruap gotamtam me Gowien me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sieving\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sara is diving for clams\nKalamang translation: Sara bo kanyuotkowar teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sago\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I go landwards at that edge.\nKalamang translation: An asun menggara mara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sago\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many sago grubs.\nKalamang translation: Muap sabur sangganun me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"she\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother's tub is broken, she wants to wash clothes but she can't.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun bintangun se parair ma dodonwaruotkin ba eranun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"she\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's mother is heating banana leaves, she wants to make a \"lamet\".\nKalamang translation: Ruslan emuna imolat balare lamerat paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wants\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's mother is heating banana leaves, she wants to make a \"lamet\".\nKalamang translation: Ruslan emuna imolat balare lamerat paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wants\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He wants to go to school but he doesn't have a book.\nKalamang translation: Ma sekolain ba buk saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"make\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm getting bamboo to make a basket with.\nKalamang translation: An gousat repte minggi kiemparuo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"make\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor ordered Salima's grandfather to make a window.\nKalamang translation: Mayora sirie Salima taraun jendela paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sago\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I go landwards at that edge.\nKalamang translation: An asun menggara mara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sago\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many sago grubs.\nKalamang translation: Muap sabur sangganun me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:nomclau\" label=\"sec:nomclau\"></span> In nominal clauses, a\nNP headed by a noun functions as a predicate. Nominal clauses typically\nconsist of two juxtaposed NPs, expressing an identity relationship\nbetween them. These clauses can also be called equational clauses. I\nanalyse the first NP as the subject and the second NP as the predicate\nbased on the fact that arguments typically precede the predicate in\nKalamang. (<a href=\"#exe:konguru\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konguru\">[exe:konguru]</a>) contains two nominal\nclauses expressing someone’s occupation,\nand(<a href=\"#exe:paskel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paskel\">[exe:paskel]</a>) the subject NP is headed\nby in ‘name’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon<sub>S</sub> se guru<sub>Pred</sub>, tumtum kon<sub>S</sub>\nguru<sub>Pred</sub>\none <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> teacher children one teacher\n‘One is already teacher, one child is teacher.’ <span id=\"exe:konguru\"\nlabel=\"exe:konguru\"></span> dun-un in-un<sub>S</sub> pas\nKelengkeleng<sub>Pred</sub>\nopposite_sex_sibling-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nname-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> woman Kelengkeleng\n‘His sibling’s name was “Kelengkeleng woman”.’ <span id=\"exe:paskel\"\nlabel=\"exe:paskel\"></span> \n</div> \nThe predicate NP in nominal clauses may also be a possessive pronoun. An\nexample is given in(<a href=\"#exe:hakin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hakin\">[exe:hakin]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkarena hak inggon\nbecause task <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl.poss</span>\n‘Because the task is ours.’ <span id=\"exe:hakin\"\nlabel=\"exe:hakin\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough nominal clauses may occur without topic marker me\n(§<a href=\"#sec:discme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discme\">[sec:discme]</a>), frequently they have one.\n(<a href=\"#exe:rarait\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rarait\">[exe:rarait]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:kamanget\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kamanget\">[exe:kamanget]</a>) show two nominal\nclauses with me in between the subject and the predicate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNema namun me sontum Rarait\nNema husband.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> person Seram\n‘Nema’s husband is Seramese.’ <span id=\"exe:rarait\"\nlabel=\"exe:rarait\"></span> Moktar esun me kamanget\nMoktar father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> medicine_man\n‘Moktar’s father is a medicine man.’ <span id=\"exe:kamanget\"\nlabel=\"exe:kamanget\"></span> \n</div> \nIn equational clauses (also known as identifying clauses), a distinction\ncan be made between clauses of proper inclusion (where the second NP\ndescribes a set of items, also known as ascriptive clauses) and\ncompletely equational clauses. The two clause types are different in\nthat in completely equational clauses the two NPs can be swapped,\nwhereas this is impossible for the ascriptive clauses. This is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:realeq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:realeq\">[exe:realeq]</a>) for a completely\nequational clause, where the two NPs are entirely coreferential and thus\ncan be switched without problems.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:propincl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:propincl\">[exe:propincl]</a>), a proper inclusive\nclause is given, where the first NP in example a (a schoolmaster) is\npart of the set in the second NP (Butonese men). Switching is\nungrammatical. Otherwise, clauses of proper inclusion and completely\nequational clauses are syntactically the same. Note that also in these\nexamples, me may be left out. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nSebi kiun (me) Kalamang emun\nSebi wife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Kalamang\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘Sebi’s wife is Kalamang’s mother. Kalamang emun (me) Sebi kiun\nKalamang mother <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Sebi\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘Kalamang’s mother is Sebi’s wife.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:realeq\" label=\"exe:realeq\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:propincl\" label=\"exe:propincl\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nDual number is created by suffixing -ier to the basic pronouns. This\nmight be a metathesis of eir ‘two’. Dual forms are not obligatory, but\nare used in the great majority of the cases where a pronoun refers to\ntwo referents. When there are more than two referents, the speaker can\nchoose between a basic pronoun with or without a suffixed numeral. The\nhigher the number of referents, the lower the share of pronouns with a\nsuffixed numeral.[^52] (<a href=\"#exe:mier\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mier\">[exe:mier]</a>) shows dual number,\nand(<a href=\"#exe:munggansuor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:munggansuor\">[exe:munggansuor]</a>) shows the\nnumeral kansuor ‘four’ suffixed to the third-person plural. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier et-putkaruok koluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-thirteen find\n‘We caught thirteen pieces.’ <span id=\"exe:mier\"\nlabel=\"exe:mier\"></span> munggansuor belajar=teba\nthey_four study=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘They four are studying.’ <span id=\"exe:munggansuor\"\nlabel=\"exe:munggansuor\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough suffixing a numeral to a pronoun is less and less common the\nhigher the number of referents, there are several instances in the\ncorpus where speakers count the number of referents to make sure they\nrefer to them in the correct way (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:muraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:muraman\">[exe:muraman]</a>, where the number of\npeople in a picture is counted), or check with their addressee whether\nthey are referring to the correct number of people, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mupuraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mupuraman\">[exe:mupuraman]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:muraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:muraman\">[exe:muraman]</a>) it is unclear whether\nraman=a should be analysed as a suffix to the pronoun or as an\nindependent numeral, but since the corpus contains examples with ‘two’,\n‘three’ and ‘four’ that are suffixed, I take it that ‘six’ is, too. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon eir karuok kansuor mu-raman=a melelu\none two three four\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-six=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nsit\n‘One, two, three, four, they six sit.’ <span id=\"exe:muraman\"\nlabel=\"exe:muraman\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu puraman\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> how_many\n‘How many are they?’ munggaruok\nthey_three\n‘They \\[are\\] three.’ munggaruok mat rup=te kajie\nthey_three <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\nhelp=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> pick\n‘They three help him pick.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:mupuraman\" label=\"exe:mupuraman\"></span> \n</div> \nA common construction with inier, which includes the speaker, is\ninier N=bon, literally ‘we two and X’. Rather than referring to three\npeople, it refers to the speaker and X, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:inierbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inierbon\">[exe:inierbon]</a>). This is what refers\nto as an inclusory construction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier Keca=bon bo war=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\nKeca=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> go\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Me and Keca wanted to go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:inierbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:inierbon\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Bakri's mother is sieving sago, she wants to make sago.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Bakri emun muapsabur kurera reba minggi sanggeran paruotkin.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Bakri emun muapsabur kurera reba minggi sanggeran paruotkin.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "The clause", "Header 2": "Non-verbal clauses", "Header 3": "Nominal clauses", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:nomclau\" label=\"sec:nomclau\"></span> In nominal clauses, a\nNP headed by a noun functions as a predicate. Nominal clauses typically\nconsist of two juxtaposed NPs, expressing an identity relationship\nbetween them. These clauses can also be called equational clauses. I\nanalyse the first NP as the subject and the second NP as the predicate\nbased on the fact that arguments typically precede the predicate in\nKalamang. (<a href=\"#exe:konguru\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konguru\">[exe:konguru]</a>) contains two nominal\nclauses expressing someone’s occupation,\nand(<a href=\"#exe:paskel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paskel\">[exe:paskel]</a>) the subject NP is headed\nby in ‘name’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon<sub>S</sub> se guru<sub>Pred</sub>, tumtum kon<sub>S</sub>\nguru<sub>Pred</sub>\none <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> teacher children one teacher\n‘One is already teacher, one child is teacher.’ <span id=\"exe:konguru\"\nlabel=\"exe:konguru\"></span> dun-un in-un<sub>S</sub> pas\nKelengkeleng<sub>Pred</sub>\nopposite_sex_sibling-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nname-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> woman Kelengkeleng\n‘His sibling’s name was “Kelengkeleng woman”.’ <span id=\"exe:paskel\"\nlabel=\"exe:paskel\"></span> \n</div> \nThe predicate NP in nominal clauses may also be a possessive pronoun. An\nexample is given in(<a href=\"#exe:hakin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hakin\">[exe:hakin]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkarena hak inggon\nbecause task <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl.poss</span>\n‘Because the task is ours.’ <span id=\"exe:hakin\"\nlabel=\"exe:hakin\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough nominal clauses may occur without topic marker me\n(§<a href=\"#sec:discme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discme\">[sec:discme]</a>), frequently they have one.\n(<a href=\"#exe:rarait\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rarait\">[exe:rarait]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:kamanget\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kamanget\">[exe:kamanget]</a>) show two nominal\nclauses with me in between the subject and the predicate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNema namun me sontum Rarait\nNema husband.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> person Seram\n‘Nema’s husband is Seramese.’ <span id=\"exe:rarait\"\nlabel=\"exe:rarait\"></span> Moktar esun me kamanget\nMoktar father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> medicine_man\n‘Moktar’s father is a medicine man.’ <span id=\"exe:kamanget\"\nlabel=\"exe:kamanget\"></span> \n</div> \nIn equational clauses (also known as identifying clauses), a distinction\ncan be made between clauses of proper inclusion (where the second NP\ndescribes a set of items, also known as ascriptive clauses) and\ncompletely equational clauses. The two clause types are different in\nthat in completely equational clauses the two NPs can be swapped,\nwhereas this is impossible for the ascriptive clauses. This is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:realeq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:realeq\">[exe:realeq]</a>) for a completely\nequational clause, where the two NPs are entirely coreferential and thus\ncan be switched without problems.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:propincl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:propincl\">[exe:propincl]</a>), a proper inclusive\nclause is given, where the first NP in example a (a schoolmaster) is\npart of the set in the second NP (Butonese men). Switching is\nungrammatical. Otherwise, clauses of proper inclusion and completely\nequational clauses are syntactically the same. Note that also in these\nexamples, me may be left out. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nSebi kiun (me) Kalamang emun\nSebi wife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Kalamang\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘Sebi’s wife is Kalamang’s mother. Kalamang emun (me) Sebi kiun\nKalamang mother <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Sebi\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘Kalamang’s mother is Sebi’s wife.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:realeq\" label=\"exe:realeq\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:propincl\" label=\"exe:propincl\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "Number", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "Dual number is created by suffixing -ier to the basic pronouns. This\nmight be a metathesis of eir ‘two’. Dual forms are not obligatory, but\nare used in the great majority of the cases where a pronoun refers to\ntwo referents. When there are more than two referents, the speaker can\nchoose between a basic pronoun with or without a suffixed numeral. The\nhigher the number of referents, the lower the share of pronouns with a\nsuffixed numeral.[^52] (<a href=\"#exe:mier\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mier\">[exe:mier]</a>) shows dual number,\nand(<a href=\"#exe:munggansuor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:munggansuor\">[exe:munggansuor]</a>) shows the\nnumeral kansuor ‘four’ suffixed to the third-person plural. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier et-putkaruok koluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-thirteen find\n‘We caught thirteen pieces.’ <span id=\"exe:mier\"\nlabel=\"exe:mier\"></span> munggansuor belajar=teba\nthey_four study=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘They four are studying.’ <span id=\"exe:munggansuor\"\nlabel=\"exe:munggansuor\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough suffixing a numeral to a pronoun is less and less common the\nhigher the number of referents, there are several instances in the\ncorpus where speakers count the number of referents to make sure they\nrefer to them in the correct way (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:muraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:muraman\">[exe:muraman]</a>, where the number of\npeople in a picture is counted), or check with their addressee whether\nthey are referring to the correct number of people, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mupuraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mupuraman\">[exe:mupuraman]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:muraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:muraman\">[exe:muraman]</a>) it is unclear whether\nraman=a should be analysed as a suffix to the pronoun or as an\nindependent numeral, but since the corpus contains examples with ‘two’,\n‘three’ and ‘four’ that are suffixed, I take it that ‘six’ is, too. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon eir karuok kansuor mu-raman=a melelu\none two three four\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-six=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nsit\n‘One, two, three, four, they six sit.’ <span id=\"exe:muraman\"\nlabel=\"exe:muraman\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu puraman\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> how_many\n‘How many are they?’ munggaruok\nthey_three\n‘They \\[are\\] three.’ munggaruok mat rup=te kajie\nthey_three <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\nhelp=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> pick\n‘They three help him pick.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:mupuraman\" label=\"exe:mupuraman\"></span> \n</div> \nA common construction with inier, which includes the speaker, is\ninier N=bon, literally ‘we two and X’. Rather than referring to three\npeople, it refers to the speaker and X, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:inierbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inierbon\">[exe:inierbon]</a>). This is what refers\nto as an inclusory construction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier Keca=bon bo war=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\nKeca=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> go\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Me and Keca wanted to go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:inierbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:inierbon\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 18, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Bakri's mother is sieving sago, she wants to make sago.", "split": "train" }
In bo warkin ba erun durcien.	We want to go fishing but our canoe has a hole.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: We want to go fishing but our canoe has a hole.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"We\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: dive\nKalamang translation: ar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"We\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Wednesday\nKalamang translation: roba\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"want\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: does not want\nKalamang translation: sukaun ge\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"want\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: want\nKalamang translation: suka; toni; mau\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go out\nKalamang translation: keluar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go quickly\nKalamang translation: sasat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fishing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fishing line\nKalamang translation: nika; wien\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fishing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fishing hook\nKalamang translation: kaling\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"but\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: butterfly\nKalamang translation: pulpul\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"but\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: but\nKalamang translation: ba; tapi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"our\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thirty-four\nKalamang translation: putkaruok talinggansuor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"our\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: our betel\nKalamang translation: buokpe\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"canoe\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: canoe\nKalamang translation: et\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"canoe\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: canoe plank\nKalamang translation: pawan tabak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"has\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: handpalm\nKalamang translation: tan laus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"has\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: harlequin shrimp\nKalamang translation: sairarar ladok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"hole\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: rock hole\nKalamang translation: yarpos\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"hole\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: with a hole in it\nKalamang translation: durcie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"We\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We go pick shells.\nKalamang translation: In bo tabuonkajie reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"We\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We were boiling water and the fire burnt the fireplace.\nKalamang translation: In perlalangat kuarta didir din na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"want\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to go fishing at the dock.\nKalamang translation: An bo jambatanggoa warkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"want\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rehan doesn't want to go, he shakes his head.\nKalamang translation: Rehan sukaun botnin ma nakalunara muk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother and family go searching for worms.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun mu bo ibanruo reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I go landwards at that edge.\nKalamang translation: An asun menggara mara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fishing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When the tide is very low Tamandi's mother and friends go fishing for small fish with poisonous root.\nKalamang translation: Warkin emun kararak Tamandi emun mu birbir tup.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fishing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother went fishing, her fishing line was entangled.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun bo warta nikaun kolkol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"but\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: This day, it was already late afternoon but the lamps weren't lighted.\nKalamang translation: Yuol wa me go he girgir lampur tok yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"but\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to dry clothes but it's cloudy.\nKalamang translation: An dodonara masatkin ba go git git.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"our\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: (She) comes from the Netherlands to learn our language.\nKalamang translation: Beladargara mia mangberat belajar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"our\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many leaves at the side of our house, avocado leaves.\nKalamang translation: Kewe mul inggon me lolok reidak, afokat olun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"canoe\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"canoe\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are sawing a canoe over there.\nKalamang translation: Ma erat owatko aragadi.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"has\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Malik has an illness in his veins.\nKalamang translation: Malik kaden kiesun ning.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"has\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor has finished eating, he's rinsing his mouth.\nKalamang translation: Mayor muawi koyet, ma kanggursau reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I saw Hidayat's father and family skin a deer.\nKalamang translation: An kona Hidayat esun mu rusat kawaruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That crow is making a nest in the coconut.\nKalamang translation: Goras yume eunara wat kerunggo paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"hole\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A parrot laid eggs in the tree hole.\nKalamang translation: Busbus kon ma ror poskoa amkeit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"hole\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The basket has big holes, stick leaves to it.\nKalamang translation: Kiem ma me posposun temun, loloki nawolet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:comi\" label=\"sec:comi\"></span> Comitative =bon typically\nexpresses accompaniment. If both members of a pair are mentioned they\nare usually both marked with comitative =bon, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kiunbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiunbon\">[exe:kiunbon]</a>). When a dual pronoun is\nfollowed by a noun marked with =bon it refers to two people, not\nthree, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:konbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konbon\">[exe:konbon]</a>). The dual is in that case\nnot marked with the comitative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=bon kiun=bon pasar=ka=ta bo don jiet=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=com</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmarket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo thing buy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He and his wife want to go to the market to buy things.’\n<span id=\"exe:kiunbon\" label=\"exe:kiunbon\"></span> terus ter-nan=i koyet\ninier tamu kon=bon misis wis go_dung\nthen tea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du</span> guest\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> miss yesterday morning\n‘Then we finished drinking tea, me and a guest, miss, yesterday\nmorning.’ <span id=\"exe:konbon\" label=\"exe:konbon\"></span> \n</div> \nIf an inanimate accompanies an animate (typically someone bringing or\ncarrying something), only the inanimate is marked with =bon. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma hukat=bon mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nnet=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> come\n‘He is coming with the net.’ <span id=\"exe:hukatbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:hukatbon\"></span> \n</div> \nThe marker =bon is also used to express more abstract meanings, such\nas ‘with’ in ‘to be busy with work’ and ‘chat with’, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:karajangbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:karajangbon\">[exe:karajangbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:mebon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mebon\">[exe:mebon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum saerak sontum tok sibuk karajang=bon\nperson <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span> person still busy\nwork=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n‘There are no people, people are still busy with work.’\n<span id=\"exe:karajangbon\" label=\"exe:karajangbon\"></span> kiar opa me\nma ra canam me=bon garung\nwife <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=com</span> chat\n‘That wife, she went to chat with that man.’ <span id=\"exe:mebon\"\nlabel=\"exe:mebon\"></span> \n</div> \nIn object function, =bon must be followed by the object marker =at\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:bonat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bonat\">[exe:bonat]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma kaden-un=bon nakal-un=bon=at maling=i taikon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com=obj</span>\ntilt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> side\n‘He tilts his body and his head to one side.’ <span id=\"exe:bonat\"\nlabel=\"exe:bonat\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few corpus instances bon stands on its own, with the complement\nelided but retrievable from the context.\n(<a href=\"#exe:hebonbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hebonbon\">[exe:hebonbon]</a>) is taken from a\nconversation about how to prepare a dish with certain leaves. Speaker A\nmentions a coconut, whereupon speaker B says it should be grated and\nmixed with the leaves. Both the leaves and the coconut can be retrieved\nfrom the context, and so bon can stand on its own. This, and the fact\nthat =bon can be combined with other postpositions, suggests that it\nis slightly different from the other postpositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \npi (...) wat=at suon kawaren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\ncoconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> peel grate\n‘We peel and grate the coconut.’ se bon kir=et se bon\ncampur=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\ngrate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmix=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Grate \\[the coconut\\] with \\[the leaves\\], mix \\[the coconut\\] with\n\\[the leaves\\].’ <span id=\"exe:hebonbon\" label=\"exe:hebonbon\"></span> \n</div> \n</div> \nA homophonous dependent verb bon ‘bring’ is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcbon\">14.2.2</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nDual number is created by suffixing -ier to the basic pronouns. This\nmight be a metathesis of eir ‘two’. Dual forms are not obligatory, but\nare used in the great majority of the cases where a pronoun refers to\ntwo referents. When there are more than two referents, the speaker can\nchoose between a basic pronoun with or without a suffixed numeral. The\nhigher the number of referents, the lower the share of pronouns with a\nsuffixed numeral.[^52] (<a href=\"#exe:mier\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mier\">[exe:mier]</a>) shows dual number,\nand(<a href=\"#exe:munggansuor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:munggansuor\">[exe:munggansuor]</a>) shows the\nnumeral kansuor ‘four’ suffixed to the third-person plural. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier et-putkaruok koluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-thirteen find\n‘We caught thirteen pieces.’ <span id=\"exe:mier\"\nlabel=\"exe:mier\"></span> munggansuor belajar=teba\nthey_four study=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘They four are studying.’ <span id=\"exe:munggansuor\"\nlabel=\"exe:munggansuor\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough suffixing a numeral to a pronoun is less and less common the\nhigher the number of referents, there are several instances in the\ncorpus where speakers count the number of referents to make sure they\nrefer to them in the correct way (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:muraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:muraman\">[exe:muraman]</a>, where the number of\npeople in a picture is counted), or check with their addressee whether\nthey are referring to the correct number of people, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mupuraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mupuraman\">[exe:mupuraman]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:muraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:muraman\">[exe:muraman]</a>) it is unclear whether\nraman=a should be analysed as a suffix to the pronoun or as an\nindependent numeral, but since the corpus contains examples with ‘two’,\n‘three’ and ‘four’ that are suffixed, I take it that ‘six’ is, too. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon eir karuok kansuor mu-raman=a melelu\none two three four\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-six=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nsit\n‘One, two, three, four, they six sit.’ <span id=\"exe:muraman\"\nlabel=\"exe:muraman\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu puraman\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> how_many\n‘How many are they?’ munggaruok\nthey_three\n‘They \\[are\\] three.’ munggaruok mat rup=te kajie\nthey_three <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\nhelp=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> pick\n‘They three help him pick.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:mupuraman\" label=\"exe:mupuraman\"></span> \n</div> \nA common construction with inier, which includes the speaker, is\ninier N=bon, literally ‘we two and X’. Rather than referring to three\npeople, it refers to the speaker and X, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:inierbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inierbon\">[exe:inierbon]</a>). This is what refers\nto as an inclusory construction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier Keca=bon bo war=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\nKeca=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> go\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Me and Keca wanted to go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:inierbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:inierbon\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: We want to go fishing but our canoe has a hole.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "In bo warkin ba erun durcien.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "In bo warkin ba erun durcien.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Nouns, noun phrases and postpositional phrases", "Header 2": "Postpositions", "Header 3": "Comitative =bon ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>’", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:comi\" label=\"sec:comi\"></span> Comitative =bon typically\nexpresses accompaniment. If both members of a pair are mentioned they\nare usually both marked with comitative =bon, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kiunbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiunbon\">[exe:kiunbon]</a>). When a dual pronoun is\nfollowed by a noun marked with =bon it refers to two people, not\nthree, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:konbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konbon\">[exe:konbon]</a>). The dual is in that case\nnot marked with the comitative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=bon kiun=bon pasar=ka=ta bo don jiet=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=com</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmarket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo thing buy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He and his wife want to go to the market to buy things.’\n<span id=\"exe:kiunbon\" label=\"exe:kiunbon\"></span> terus ter-nan=i koyet\ninier tamu kon=bon misis wis go_dung\nthen tea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du</span> guest\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> miss yesterday morning\n‘Then we finished drinking tea, me and a guest, miss, yesterday\nmorning.’ <span id=\"exe:konbon\" label=\"exe:konbon\"></span> \n</div> \nIf an inanimate accompanies an animate (typically someone bringing or\ncarrying something), only the inanimate is marked with =bon. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma hukat=bon mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nnet=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> come\n‘He is coming with the net.’ <span id=\"exe:hukatbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:hukatbon\"></span> \n</div> \nThe marker =bon is also used to express more abstract meanings, such\nas ‘with’ in ‘to be busy with work’ and ‘chat with’, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:karajangbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:karajangbon\">[exe:karajangbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:mebon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mebon\">[exe:mebon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum saerak sontum tok sibuk karajang=bon\nperson <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span> person still busy\nwork=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n‘There are no people, people are still busy with work.’\n<span id=\"exe:karajangbon\" label=\"exe:karajangbon\"></span> kiar opa me\nma ra canam me=bon garung\nwife <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=com</span> chat\n‘That wife, she went to chat with that man.’ <span id=\"exe:mebon\"\nlabel=\"exe:mebon\"></span> \n</div> \nIn object function, =bon must be followed by the object marker =at\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:bonat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bonat\">[exe:bonat]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma kaden-un=bon nakal-un=bon=at maling=i taikon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com=obj</span>\ntilt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> side\n‘He tilts his body and his head to one side.’ <span id=\"exe:bonat\"\nlabel=\"exe:bonat\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few corpus instances bon stands on its own, with the complement\nelided but retrievable from the context.\n(<a href=\"#exe:hebonbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hebonbon\">[exe:hebonbon]</a>) is taken from a\nconversation about how to prepare a dish with certain leaves. Speaker A\nmentions a coconut, whereupon speaker B says it should be grated and\nmixed with the leaves. Both the leaves and the coconut can be retrieved\nfrom the context, and so bon can stand on its own. This, and the fact\nthat =bon can be combined with other postpositions, suggests that it\nis slightly different from the other postpositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \npi (...) wat=at suon kawaren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\ncoconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> peel grate\n‘We peel and grate the coconut.’ se bon kir=et se bon\ncampur=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\ngrate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmix=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Grate \\[the coconut\\] with \\[the leaves\\], mix \\[the coconut\\] with\n\\[the leaves\\].’ <span id=\"exe:hebonbon\" label=\"exe:hebonbon\"></span> \n</div> \n</div> \nA homophonous dependent verb bon ‘bring’ is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcbon\">14.2.2</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "Number", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "Dual number is created by suffixing -ier to the basic pronouns. This\nmight be a metathesis of eir ‘two’. Dual forms are not obligatory, but\nare used in the great majority of the cases where a pronoun refers to\ntwo referents. When there are more than two referents, the speaker can\nchoose between a basic pronoun with or without a suffixed numeral. The\nhigher the number of referents, the lower the share of pronouns with a\nsuffixed numeral.[^52] (<a href=\"#exe:mier\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mier\">[exe:mier]</a>) shows dual number,\nand(<a href=\"#exe:munggansuor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:munggansuor\">[exe:munggansuor]</a>) shows the\nnumeral kansuor ‘four’ suffixed to the third-person plural. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier et-putkaruok koluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-thirteen find\n‘We caught thirteen pieces.’ <span id=\"exe:mier\"\nlabel=\"exe:mier\"></span> munggansuor belajar=teba\nthey_four study=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘They four are studying.’ <span id=\"exe:munggansuor\"\nlabel=\"exe:munggansuor\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough suffixing a numeral to a pronoun is less and less common the\nhigher the number of referents, there are several instances in the\ncorpus where speakers count the number of referents to make sure they\nrefer to them in the correct way (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:muraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:muraman\">[exe:muraman]</a>, where the number of\npeople in a picture is counted), or check with their addressee whether\nthey are referring to the correct number of people, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mupuraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mupuraman\">[exe:mupuraman]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:muraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:muraman\">[exe:muraman]</a>) it is unclear whether\nraman=a should be analysed as a suffix to the pronoun or as an\nindependent numeral, but since the corpus contains examples with ‘two’,\n‘three’ and ‘four’ that are suffixed, I take it that ‘six’ is, too. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon eir karuok kansuor mu-raman=a melelu\none two three four\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-six=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nsit\n‘One, two, three, four, they six sit.’ <span id=\"exe:muraman\"\nlabel=\"exe:muraman\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu puraman\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> how_many\n‘How many are they?’ munggaruok\nthey_three\n‘They \\[are\\] three.’ munggaruok mat rup=te kajie\nthey_three <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\nhelp=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> pick\n‘They three help him pick.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:mupuraman\" label=\"exe:mupuraman\"></span> \n</div> \nA common construction with inier, which includes the speaker, is\ninier N=bon, literally ‘we two and X’. Rather than referring to three\npeople, it refers to the speaker and X, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:inierbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inierbon\">[exe:inierbon]</a>). This is what refers\nto as an inclusory construction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier Keca=bon bo war=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\nKeca=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> go\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Me and Keca wanted to go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:inierbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:inierbon\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 19, "level": "low_resource", "question": "We want to go fishing but our canoe has a hole.", "split": "train" }
An pinganat waruo ar.	I'm doing the dishes noisily.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: I'm doing the dishes noisily.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: month name\nKalamang translation: hajiwak; robaherpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: early morning\nKalamang translation: go dung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"doing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: seedling\nKalamang translation: iun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"doing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"dishes\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: ashes\nKalamang translation: koep\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"dishes\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: eyelashes\nKalamang translation: kanggir nenen\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"noisily\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: machine noise\nKalamang translation: nu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"noisily\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: be noisy\nKalamang translation: laur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomorrow we go to Antalisa to marry Anafia and spouse.\nKalamang translation: Kasur in bo Tamisengga nahalarkin Anafia mu.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: How many glasses do you have?\nKalamang translation: Don pernananja losing puraman?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"doing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: \"What are you doing?\" \"Nothing, I'm eating.\"\nKalamang translation: \"Ka nebara paruotkin?\" \"Ge mera an muap teba.\"\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"doing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: What are you doing?\nKalamang translation: Ka nebara bonasausau reba?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"dishes\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mustafa's mother and family have many squashes.\nKalamang translation: Mustafa emun mu kasabiti reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"dishes\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dela's father goes fishing and catches a matan sena fish.\nKalamang translation: Dela esun bo warta matan senara ramie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"noisily\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You are to noisy, go over there!\nKalamang translation: Ka talalu laursawe, owangga boreǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"noisily\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The kids are making noise.\nKalamang translation: Tumtum narabir.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe predicate clitic =ta apparently has a roughly similar function to\nnon-final =te: it relates two states or events. Therefore, I\ntentatively analyse it as a non-final marker, but distinguish it from\n=te, because it occurs in a few contexts in which non-final =te is\ninfrequent. Since I do not yet have a conclusive analysis of it, I make\ndo with describing the distribution in detail. \nNon-final =ta is certainly not a phonological variant of non-final\n=te, as it may be found in the same environments. Compare\ntankinkin=te ‘shake hands’ (from tan ‘arm and hand’ and kinkin\n‘hold’) in(<a href=\"#exe:tankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tankin\">[exe:tankin]</a>) above with kinkin=ta\n‘hold’ here: \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma kinkin=ta metko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nhold=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n‘He holds \\[it\\] there.’ <span id=\"exe:kinkinda\"\nlabel=\"exe:kinkinda\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =ta occurs in same-subject environments, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nasesak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nasesak\">[exe:nasesak]</a>), but much less so than\nnon-final =te. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan yie=ta kajie ba kat kan nasesak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nswim=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> pick but lake right high_tide\n‘I was swimming picking \\[chestnuts\\] but the water in the lake was\nhigh, right.’ <span id=\"exe:nasesak\" label=\"exe:nasesak\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =ta frequently occurs in combinaion with ba ‘but’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:gergettaba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gergettaba\">[exe:gergettaba]</a>), and the\n(distinct) sequential marker (e)ba ‘then’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tonikalau\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tonikalau\">[exe:tonikalau]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:pakutet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pakutet\">[exe:pakutet]</a>). This combination is\nvery rare for non-final =te. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan gerket=ta ba mu toni mu=a koluk=ta Tami mu sabarak-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nask=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=foc</span>\nfind=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> Tami\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nunder_house-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘I asked but they said they just found it under Tami’s house.’\n<span id=\"exe:gergettaba\" label=\"exe:gergettaba\"></span> an toni kalau\nki=konggo=a garung=et an se dodon-an met kuru marua metko=ta\n(e)ba kawet∼kawet sambil garung=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say if\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl=an.loc=foc</span>\nchat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nclothing-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span> bring move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nthen fold∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">iter</span> simultaneously\nchat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I said if you are chatting at yours, I bring my clothing down there,\nthen fold while chatting.’ <span id=\"exe:tonikalau\"\nlabel=\"exe:tonikalau\"></span> pi pakut=et tahan=ta (e)ba bisa\nyorsik=ta ba bisa kit-kadok di=rat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nnail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nendure=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then can\nstraight=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then can top-side\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘If we nail steadily then \\[we\\] can make it straight, then \\[we\\] can\ninstall the top.’ <span id=\"exe:pakutet\" label=\"exe:pakutet\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =ta is also very frequently followed by a variant of distal\ndemonstrative me (§<a href=\"#sec:me\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:me\">[sec:me]</a>) or topic marker me\n(§<a href=\"#sec:discme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discme\">[sec:discme]</a>). Again, this is hardly\nfound with non-final =te. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nyuol me Sek=a in bara os payiem=ta me an tang tama-n=i kajie\nday <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\nSek=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> descend sand\nfill=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nseed\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\npick\n‘That day \\[at\\] Sek, we went down to fill sand, I picked\nI-don’t-know-how-many seeds.’ mindi bo=te tete se somin=ta met se\necien=i masarat=kin\nlike_that go=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> grandfather\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndie=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nmove_landwards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Like that until grandfather had died, then \\[we\\] wanted to go back\ntowards land.’ o kusukusu toni tok nakal-ca tok kuskap=ta ime tok\ntok\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> cuscus say not_yet\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span> still\nblack=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> not_yet not_yet\n‘The cuscus says: “Not yet, your head is still black, not yet.”’ \n</div> \n=ta is not found on numbers, and not with locations except for metko\n‘there’ (example<a href=\"#exe:kinkinda\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kinkinda\">[exe:kinkinda]</a>), whereas non-final\n=te is frequently found followed by predicative locatives. \nIn contrast to non-final =te, non-final =ta is often seen following\nthe lative clitic =ka, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tabo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tabo\">[exe:tabo]</a>). Non-final =ta surfaces as\nra after vowels, making it easily confused with the directional verb\nra ‘to move (away)’. (<a href=\"#exe:ranora\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ranora\">[exe:ranora]</a>) shows parallel clauses\nwhich help distinguish the allomorph =ra from the verb ra ‘move\naway’. Ra is followed by other directional verbs with which it\nshouldn’t be compatible (e.g. sara ‘to ascend’). Moreover, the\nmorpheme does not carry stress when following =ka, whereas ra ‘to\ngo; to move away’ does. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=bon kiun=bon pasar=ka=ta bo don-jiet=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmarket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo thing-buy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He and his wife want to go to the market to buy stuff.’\n<span id=\"exe:tabo\" label=\"exe:tabo\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nAbdula emun se masara ... ma se gen koi mengga sara\nAbdula mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmaybe then <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> ascend\n‘Abdula’s mother had gone inland, maybe she had gone up from there\nalready.’ Unyil emun koi etuat-mang mengga=ra sara\nUnyil mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> then cry-voice\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>-? ascend\n‘Then Unyil’s mother came up crying.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:ranora\" label=\"exe:ranora\"></span> \n</div> \nThe combination lative + bo ‘to go’ (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:tabo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tabo\">[exe:tabo]</a>), without adding non-final\n=ta in between, seems to be ungrammatical. Lative + =ta + another\nverb expressing movement is also attested, but there, the omission of\n=ta is grammatical, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:gata\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gata\">[exe:gata]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:wanggab\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wanggab\">[exe:wanggab]</a>) with bara ‘to\ndescend’. Complex lative constructions are further described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcgoal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcgoal\">[sec:mvcgoal]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmasikit mul=ka=ta bara\nmosque\nside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ndescend\n‘\\[They\\] go down from the side of the mosque.’ <span id=\"exe:gata\"\nlabel=\"exe:gata\"></span> ki wangga barat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.lat</span>\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘You go down here.’ <span id=\"exe:wanggab\" label=\"exe:wanggab\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:corpus\" label=\"sec:corpus\"></span> In this section, I give\nan overview of the types of data I gathered and how they are referred to\nin this study. I make a main distinction between naturalistic recordings\nand elicited material. I also introduce the online corpus that\naccompanies this study.[^18] \nAll data were gathered during four field trips between 2015 and 2019.\nThe first field trip in 2015 was conducted for my master’s thesis, and\nthe other three as part of my PhD programme.[^19]\nTable<a href=\"#tab:stays\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:stays\">2.4</a> gives an overview of time spent in\nthe field: 23 weeks. This time excludes travel to and from, stays in\ncities to deal with administrative matters, etc., and thus represents\nthe ‘net time’ spent on Karas. I stayed in Mas village\n(Figure<a href=\"#fig:mas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:mas\">2.5</a>) during all field trips, but made\nfrequent visits to Antalisa, the other Kalamang-speaking village. The\nmain consultants and all speakers were inhabitants of Mas at the time of\nrecording, but some of them had spent a part of their lives in Antalisa. \n<div id=\"tab:stays\"> \n\| year \| months \| weeks \|\n\|:------\|:--------\|------:\|\n\| 2015 \| Oct-Nov \| 6 \|\n\| 2017 \| Feb-Apr \| 11 \|\n\| 2018 \| Mar-May \| 8 \|\n\| 2019 \| Feb-Apr \| 8 \|\n\| Total \| \| 23 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nTime spent on Karas \n</div> \n<figure id=\"fig:mas\">\n<img src=\"Images/Masvillage-cropped.jpg\" style=\"width:70.0%\" />\n<figcaption>Mas village</figcaption>\n</figure> \nThe backbone of this grammar is the data corpus with time-aligned\nannotated video recordings of naturalistic spoken language ,\nsupplemented by elicited data in the form of translated sentences and\ngrammaticality judgements. Following (advice iterated in fieldwork\nguides like ), the naturalistic spoken data consist of different genres.\nI started with the recording of short personal histories, descriptive\nand prescriptive procedures, picture-matching tasks, and narratives\nrecorded with the help of picture stimuli, such as Frog, where are\nyou? , because these were relatively easy to transcribe. In subsequent\nyears, I recorded among other things free conversations and traditional\nnarratives, and used an action camera to film people at work and\ntravelling. Naturalistic data is typically video recorded, and a large\npart of it is annotated, roughly divided into breath groups[^20] with\nthe following information: an English and Papuan Malay translation, a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis and part-of-speech information, sometimes\nsupplemented by notes on grammar or (cultural) background.[^21] Elicited\ndata was typically written down in notebooks and subsequently digitised.\nSome of the elicited data was also audio recorded, and most of it was\nalso translated into English and Papuan Malay, and supplemented with a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis, part-of-speech information and\nnotes.[^22] \nFor naturalistic recordings, I make a rough distinction between three\ndifferent kinds: data obtained with the help of stimuli, narratives and\nconversations.[^23] Stimuli are all recordings with a narrative or\nconversation-like character that are made with the help of a\npre-designed stimulus. This includes narratives told with the help of a\npicture book or video stimulus, picture-matching tasks, people\ndiscussing certain fishing gear that I had brought and asked them to\ndiscuss, route descriptions based on videos that I made, and recordings\nof people doing the Family problems picture task . Although some of\nthese narratives and conversations proceed in quite a naturalistic way,\nand they are definitely much more naturalistic than elicited data, they\nare at least stylistically artificial in the sense that they are genres\nthat do not naturally occur in Kalamang speech, and were therefore\ngrouped together. Narratives are all recordings where only one person\nspeaks, or where one person is the main speaker. These include personal\nhistories, traditional narratives and descriptive procedures. Most\nnarratives are prompted: I asked a speaker whether they could talk about\nwhen they went fishing, about how to make a canoe, or to tell me a tale.\nWhile some are quite directed, such as the plant medicine videos where\nspeakers hold up specimens of plants and explain how they are used in\nmedicine, others are very naturalistic examples of narratives which\nroughly stick to the theme I requested, but where the topic is filled in\nfreely by the narrator. Conversations are recordings with two people\nengaging in a conversation. Most of these were prompted: I would ask\nsomeone to explain how to make a basket to someone else, to talk with\ntheir friend about cooking with vegetables or about making medicine with\nroots, or to discuss the most recent funeral. I judge these to be very\nnaturalistic, with the speakers often trailing off from the requested\ntopic and just chatting along. Two long recordings are completely\nunprompted: a kitchen conversation between two grandmothers\n([conv12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BBD-5)) and a\nliving room conversation between two mothers\n([conv9](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9F-F)). I have\nnot attempted to record with more than two main speakers, although a\nthird or fourth speaker sometimes makes a guest appearance in a\nrecording. Examples used in this study taken from video-recorded\nnaturalistic data are tagged as ‘stim’, ‘narr’ and ‘conv’, respectively,\nfollowed by a running number and a time stamp indicating where in the\nrecording the utterance can be found. An example of each is given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbal se sor=at koraru\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bite\n‘The dog has bitten the fish.’ <span id=\"exe:tri\"\nlabel=\"exe:tri\"></span> mu kiem\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> run\n‘They run.’ <span id=\"exe:SV33\" label=\"exe:SV33\"></span> ma reitkon\npurap-i an=at kamat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> hundred\nfifty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nsend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘He sent me one hundred and fifty \\[thousand rupiah\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:kamatt\" label=\"exe:kamatt\"></span> \n</div> \nA list of the 104 naturalistic recordings in the corpus that are\ntranscribed and annotated can be found in the Appendix on page. More\ncontext can be found in the description of the recording in the corpus.\nA summary of the transcribed minutes and amount of words per recording\ntype is given in Table<a href=\"#tab:vidsum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:vidsum\">2.5</a>. An additional five hours of\nuntranscribed Kalamang speech can also be found in the corpus. \n<div id=\"tab:vidsum\"> \n\| type \| amt. \| hh:mm:ss \| words \|\n\|:---------------\|-----:\|---------:\|------:\|\n\| stimulus-based \| 32 \| 03:22:28 \| 11998 \|\n\| narratives \| 45 \| 06:21:02 \| 32422 \|\n\| conversation \| 27 \| 05:49:14 \| 25286 \|\n\| total \| 104 \| 15:32:44 \| 69706 \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSummary of naturalistic annotated recordings \n</div> \nTo get a better understanding of certain topics that seemed worth\ninvestigating or that did not yield clear enough data in the\nnaturalistic corpus, or to inform other people’s typological studies, I\nalso elicited data with the help of questionnaires and video stimuli. I\nused some questionnaires and video stimuli designed by others, but also\ndesigned roughly 70 tailor-made questionnaires myself, with the aim to\nfill in gaps from the naturalistic spoken corpus. These tailor-made\nquestionnaires can be found in the corpus with two-to-four-letter tags,\nsometimes supplemented with a two-digit indicator for a year or a\nrunning number. For example, ‘adj’ is a questionnaire about adjectives\nused in 2018, and ‘adj19’ is a questionnaire about adjectives used in\n2019. These questionnaires contain a mix of requests for translations\n(from Indonesian or Papuan Malay) and grammaticality checks of Kalamang\nsentences that I constructed, typically based on a similar example from\nthe corpus. Examples from these, as well as examples from data resulting\nfrom using other people’s questionnaires and video stimuli, are referred\nto in this study with the tag ‘elic’, followed by the corpus tag of the\nquestionnaire and the line number of the example. An example is\n(<a href=\"#exe:elicex\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:elicex\">[exe:elicex]</a>). Elicited examples are\nonly used when no naturalistic examples are available, or when\nnaturalistic examples do not illustrate the point clearly (for example,\nwhen there is no minimal pair available). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu pas sem=ten=at koup\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> woman\nafraid-<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj=obj</span> hug\n‘They hugged the scared woman.’ <span id=\"exe:elicex\"\nlabel=\"exe:elicex\"></span> \n</div> \nAn overview of the questionnaires, picture-matching tasks, picture\nstimuli and video stimuli designed by others that were used to collect\nKalamang data can be found on page. Some of these are classified as\nelicited material, while others are classified as naturalistic data and\nare referred to with the ‘stim’ tag. In this study, I sometimes make\nreference to the naturalistic spoken corpus, to oppose it to the\nelicited data – for example, when a certain construction type is only\nfound in the one and not in the other. Recordings in the naturalistic\nspoken corpus are also sometimes referred to as texts.[^24] Other\nexamples quoted in this study are marked as \\[overheard\\] or \\[dict\\].\nThe former are examples that I personally overheard. They are typically\ngreetings or other utterances that are highly frequent in daily life but\nthat have not made their way into the recorded corpus. In a very few\ninstances, they are utterances that I found interesting when I heard\nthem and which I noted down straight after. Examples quoted as \\[dict\\]\nare example sentences written by Fajaria Yarkuran for the dictionary\n(see §<a href=\"#sec:teachers\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:teachers\">[sec:teachers]</a>).\nTable<a href=\"#tab:examples\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:examples\">2.6</a> is an overview of the example\ntypes used in this study, and how they are referred to. \n<div id=\"tab:examples\"> \n\| type \| subtype \| tag example \| tag format \|\n\|:-------------\|:---------------\|:-----------------\|:-----------------------------------\|\n\| naturalistic \| stimulus-based \| \\[stim13_2:15\\] \| stim+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| narrative \| \\[narr45_23:04\\] \| narr+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| conversation \| \\[conv2_13:59\\] \| conv+running number_time stamp \|\n\| elicited \| \| \\[elic_wc_16\\] \| elic_questionnaire tag_line number \|\n\| naturalistic \| overheard \| \\[overheard\\] \| \|\n\| dictionary \| \| \\[dict_yuor\\] \| dict_lemma \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSources of examples used in this study \n</div> \nFor examples where I deem the linguistic or pragmatic context necessary\nto understand the example, or to understand the point the example\nillustrates, I have added information about the context of the example,\neither in the text preceding the example or in square brackets in the\nexample itself. Of course, this does not mean that a great many examples\ncould not have benefited from more information about the linguistic or\npragmatic context. To this end, I provide direct links to the corpus for\neach example so that the reader can inspect at least the linguistic\ncontext on their own. In the digital version of this grammar, the corpus\ntag that accompanies each example is clickable and leads to the bundle\npage that contains the relevant files. \nThe corpus also contains videos and pictures illustrating daily life in\nMas; a cultural questionnaire; recordings of music, prayer calls and\nsermons; pictures illustrating the natural world around Karas; and sound\nclips of words and phrases for phonetic and intonation analysis. All\ncorpus materials are accompanied by rich metadata, including a\ndescription of the contents, key words, genre, cross-references,\nlocation and, for the naturalistic recordings, extensive speaker\ninformation. Where possible, I have bundled recordings on a certain\ntopic together with supplementary materials such as pictures, such that\na narrative about the village’s last wedding is supplemented with\npictures of the wedding. A guide to the corpus with more details about\nits contents can be found in the corpus itself. \nAt a later stage, it would be good to supplement the corpus with\nrecordings that show code switching in addressing different audiences or\naddressees, to show more of the dynamic sociolinguistic context in which\nKalamang is spoken ,[^25] ritual and ceremonial language use, and songs\n.[^26] Certain formal genres, like public speeches or meetings, are not\nattested in the Kalamang speech community because of its status as a\nshifting language (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:socioling\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:socioling\">[sec:socioling]</a>).\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: I'm doing the dishes noisily.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "An pinganat waruo ar.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "An pinganat waruo ar.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Multiclausal constructions", "Header 2": "Coordination-like clause combining", "Header 3": "Non-final clauses", "Header 4": "Non-final =ta" }, "passage": "The predicate clitic =ta apparently has a roughly similar function to\nnon-final =te: it relates two states or events. Therefore, I\ntentatively analyse it as a non-final marker, but distinguish it from\n=te, because it occurs in a few contexts in which non-final =te is\ninfrequent. Since I do not yet have a conclusive analysis of it, I make\ndo with describing the distribution in detail. \nNon-final =ta is certainly not a phonological variant of non-final\n=te, as it may be found in the same environments. Compare\ntankinkin=te ‘shake hands’ (from tan ‘arm and hand’ and kinkin\n‘hold’) in(<a href=\"#exe:tankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tankin\">[exe:tankin]</a>) above with kinkin=ta\n‘hold’ here: \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma kinkin=ta metko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nhold=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n‘He holds \\[it\\] there.’ <span id=\"exe:kinkinda\"\nlabel=\"exe:kinkinda\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =ta occurs in same-subject environments, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nasesak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nasesak\">[exe:nasesak]</a>), but much less so than\nnon-final =te. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan yie=ta kajie ba kat kan nasesak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nswim=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> pick but lake right high_tide\n‘I was swimming picking \\[chestnuts\\] but the water in the lake was\nhigh, right.’ <span id=\"exe:nasesak\" label=\"exe:nasesak\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =ta frequently occurs in combinaion with ba ‘but’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:gergettaba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gergettaba\">[exe:gergettaba]</a>), and the\n(distinct) sequential marker (e)ba ‘then’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tonikalau\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tonikalau\">[exe:tonikalau]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:pakutet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pakutet\">[exe:pakutet]</a>). This combination is\nvery rare for non-final =te. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan gerket=ta ba mu toni mu=a koluk=ta Tami mu sabarak-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nask=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=foc</span>\nfind=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> Tami\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nunder_house-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘I asked but they said they just found it under Tami’s house.’\n<span id=\"exe:gergettaba\" label=\"exe:gergettaba\"></span> an toni kalau\nki=konggo=a garung=et an se dodon-an met kuru marua metko=ta\n(e)ba kawet∼kawet sambil garung=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say if\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl=an.loc=foc</span>\nchat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nclothing-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span> bring move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nthen fold∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">iter</span> simultaneously\nchat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I said if you are chatting at yours, I bring my clothing down there,\nthen fold while chatting.’ <span id=\"exe:tonikalau\"\nlabel=\"exe:tonikalau\"></span> pi pakut=et tahan=ta (e)ba bisa\nyorsik=ta ba bisa kit-kadok di=rat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nnail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nendure=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then can\nstraight=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then can top-side\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘If we nail steadily then \\[we\\] can make it straight, then \\[we\\] can\ninstall the top.’ <span id=\"exe:pakutet\" label=\"exe:pakutet\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =ta is also very frequently followed by a variant of distal\ndemonstrative me (§<a href=\"#sec:me\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:me\">[sec:me]</a>) or topic marker me\n(§<a href=\"#sec:discme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discme\">[sec:discme]</a>). Again, this is hardly\nfound with non-final =te. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nyuol me Sek=a in bara os payiem=ta me an tang tama-n=i kajie\nday <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\nSek=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> descend sand\nfill=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nseed\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\npick\n‘That day \\[at\\] Sek, we went down to fill sand, I picked\nI-don’t-know-how-many seeds.’ mindi bo=te tete se somin=ta met se\necien=i masarat=kin\nlike_that go=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> grandfather\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndie=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nmove_landwards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Like that until grandfather had died, then \\[we\\] wanted to go back\ntowards land.’ o kusukusu toni tok nakal-ca tok kuskap=ta ime tok\ntok\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> cuscus say not_yet\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span> still\nblack=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> not_yet not_yet\n‘The cuscus says: “Not yet, your head is still black, not yet.”’ \n</div> \n=ta is not found on numbers, and not with locations except for metko\n‘there’ (example<a href=\"#exe:kinkinda\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kinkinda\">[exe:kinkinda]</a>), whereas non-final\n=te is frequently found followed by predicative locatives. \nIn contrast to non-final =te, non-final =ta is often seen following\nthe lative clitic =ka, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tabo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tabo\">[exe:tabo]</a>). Non-final =ta surfaces as\nra after vowels, making it easily confused with the directional verb\nra ‘to move (away)’. (<a href=\"#exe:ranora\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ranora\">[exe:ranora]</a>) shows parallel clauses\nwhich help distinguish the allomorph =ra from the verb ra ‘move\naway’. Ra is followed by other directional verbs with which it\nshouldn’t be compatible (e.g. sara ‘to ascend’). Moreover, the\nmorpheme does not carry stress when following =ka, whereas ra ‘to\ngo; to move away’ does. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=bon kiun=bon pasar=ka=ta bo don-jiet=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmarket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo thing-buy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He and his wife want to go to the market to buy stuff.’\n<span id=\"exe:tabo\" label=\"exe:tabo\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nAbdula emun se masara ... ma se gen koi mengga sara\nAbdula mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmaybe then <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> ascend\n‘Abdula’s mother had gone inland, maybe she had gone up from there\nalready.’ Unyil emun koi etuat-mang mengga=ra sara\nUnyil mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> then cry-voice\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>-? ascend\n‘Then Unyil’s mother came up crying.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:ranora\" label=\"exe:ranora\"></span> \n</div> \nThe combination lative + bo ‘to go’ (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:tabo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tabo\">[exe:tabo]</a>), without adding non-final\n=ta in between, seems to be ungrammatical. Lative + =ta + another\nverb expressing movement is also attested, but there, the omission of\n=ta is grammatical, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:gata\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gata\">[exe:gata]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:wanggab\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wanggab\">[exe:wanggab]</a>) with bara ‘to\ndescend’. Complex lative constructions are further described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcgoal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcgoal\">[sec:mvcgoal]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmasikit mul=ka=ta bara\nmosque\nside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ndescend\n‘\\[They\\] go down from the side of the mosque.’ <span id=\"exe:gata\"\nlabel=\"exe:gata\"></span> ki wangga barat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.lat</span>\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘You go down here.’ <span id=\"exe:wanggab\" label=\"exe:wanggab\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "This study", "Header 3": "Data and research methods", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:corpus\" label=\"sec:corpus\"></span> In this section, I give\nan overview of the types of data I gathered and how they are referred to\nin this study. I make a main distinction between naturalistic recordings\nand elicited material. I also introduce the online corpus that\naccompanies this study.[^18] \nAll data were gathered during four field trips between 2015 and 2019.\nThe first field trip in 2015 was conducted for my master’s thesis, and\nthe other three as part of my PhD programme.[^19]\nTable<a href=\"#tab:stays\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:stays\">2.4</a> gives an overview of time spent in\nthe field: 23 weeks. This time excludes travel to and from, stays in\ncities to deal with administrative matters, etc., and thus represents\nthe ‘net time’ spent on Karas. I stayed in Mas village\n(Figure<a href=\"#fig:mas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:mas\">2.5</a>) during all field trips, but made\nfrequent visits to Antalisa, the other Kalamang-speaking village. The\nmain consultants and all speakers were inhabitants of Mas at the time of\nrecording, but some of them had spent a part of their lives in Antalisa. \n<div id=\"tab:stays\"> \n\| year \| months \| weeks \|\n\|:------\|:--------\|------:\|\n\| 2015 \| Oct-Nov \| 6 \|\n\| 2017 \| Feb-Apr \| 11 \|\n\| 2018 \| Mar-May \| 8 \|\n\| 2019 \| Feb-Apr \| 8 \|\n\| Total \| \| 23 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nTime spent on Karas \n</div> \n<figure id=\"fig:mas\">\n<img src=\"Images/Masvillage-cropped.jpg\" style=\"width:70.0%\" />\n<figcaption>Mas village</figcaption>\n</figure> \nThe backbone of this grammar is the data corpus with time-aligned\nannotated video recordings of naturalistic spoken language ,\nsupplemented by elicited data in the form of translated sentences and\ngrammaticality judgements. Following (advice iterated in fieldwork\nguides like ), the naturalistic spoken data consist of different genres.\nI started with the recording of short personal histories, descriptive\nand prescriptive procedures, picture-matching tasks, and narratives\nrecorded with the help of picture stimuli, such as Frog, where are\nyou? , because these were relatively easy to transcribe. In subsequent\nyears, I recorded among other things free conversations and traditional\nnarratives, and used an action camera to film people at work and\ntravelling. Naturalistic data is typically video recorded, and a large\npart of it is annotated, roughly divided into breath groups[^20] with\nthe following information: an English and Papuan Malay translation, a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis and part-of-speech information, sometimes\nsupplemented by notes on grammar or (cultural) background.[^21] Elicited\ndata was typically written down in notebooks and subsequently digitised.\nSome of the elicited data was also audio recorded, and most of it was\nalso translated into English and Papuan Malay, and supplemented with a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis, part-of-speech information and\nnotes.[^22] \nFor naturalistic recordings, I make a rough distinction between three\ndifferent kinds: data obtained with the help of stimuli, narratives and\nconversations.[^23] Stimuli are all recordings with a narrative or\nconversation-like character that are made with the help of a\npre-designed stimulus. This includes narratives told with the help of a\npicture book or video stimulus, picture-matching tasks, people\ndiscussing certain fishing gear that I had brought and asked them to\ndiscuss, route descriptions based on videos that I made, and recordings\nof people doing the Family problems picture task . Although some of\nthese narratives and conversations proceed in quite a naturalistic way,\nand they are definitely much more naturalistic than elicited data, they\nare at least stylistically artificial in the sense that they are genres\nthat do not naturally occur in Kalamang speech, and were therefore\ngrouped together. Narratives are all recordings where only one person\nspeaks, or where one person is the main speaker. These include personal\nhistories, traditional narratives and descriptive procedures. Most\nnarratives are prompted: I asked a speaker whether they could talk about\nwhen they went fishing, about how to make a canoe, or to tell me a tale.\nWhile some are quite directed, such as the plant medicine videos where\nspeakers hold up specimens of plants and explain how they are used in\nmedicine, others are very naturalistic examples of narratives which\nroughly stick to the theme I requested, but where the topic is filled in\nfreely by the narrator. Conversations are recordings with two people\nengaging in a conversation. Most of these were prompted: I would ask\nsomeone to explain how to make a basket to someone else, to talk with\ntheir friend about cooking with vegetables or about making medicine with\nroots, or to discuss the most recent funeral. I judge these to be very\nnaturalistic, with the speakers often trailing off from the requested\ntopic and just chatting along. Two long recordings are completely\nunprompted: a kitchen conversation between two grandmothers\n([conv12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BBD-5)) and a\nliving room conversation between two mothers\n([conv9](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9F-F)). I have\nnot attempted to record with more than two main speakers, although a\nthird or fourth speaker sometimes makes a guest appearance in a\nrecording. Examples used in this study taken from video-recorded\nnaturalistic data are tagged as ‘stim’, ‘narr’ and ‘conv’, respectively,\nfollowed by a running number and a time stamp indicating where in the\nrecording the utterance can be found. An example of each is given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbal se sor=at koraru\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bite\n‘The dog has bitten the fish.’ <span id=\"exe:tri\"\nlabel=\"exe:tri\"></span> mu kiem\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> run\n‘They run.’ <span id=\"exe:SV33\" label=\"exe:SV33\"></span> ma reitkon\npurap-i an=at kamat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> hundred\nfifty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nsend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘He sent me one hundred and fifty \\[thousand rupiah\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:kamatt\" label=\"exe:kamatt\"></span> \n</div> \nA list of the 104 naturalistic recordings in the corpus that are\ntranscribed and annotated can be found in the Appendix on page. More\ncontext can be found in the description of the recording in the corpus.\nA summary of the transcribed minutes and amount of words per recording\ntype is given in Table<a href=\"#tab:vidsum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:vidsum\">2.5</a>. An additional five hours of\nuntranscribed Kalamang speech can also be found in the corpus. \n<div id=\"tab:vidsum\"> \n\| type \| amt. \| hh:mm:ss \| words \|\n\|:---------------\|-----:\|---------:\|------:\|\n\| stimulus-based \| 32 \| 03:22:28 \| 11998 \|\n\| narratives \| 45 \| 06:21:02 \| 32422 \|\n\| conversation \| 27 \| 05:49:14 \| 25286 \|\n\| total \| 104 \| 15:32:44 \| 69706 \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSummary of naturalistic annotated recordings \n</div> \nTo get a better understanding of certain topics that seemed worth\ninvestigating or that did not yield clear enough data in the\nnaturalistic corpus, or to inform other people’s typological studies, I\nalso elicited data with the help of questionnaires and video stimuli. I\nused some questionnaires and video stimuli designed by others, but also\ndesigned roughly 70 tailor-made questionnaires myself, with the aim to\nfill in gaps from the naturalistic spoken corpus. These tailor-made\nquestionnaires can be found in the corpus with two-to-four-letter tags,\nsometimes supplemented with a two-digit indicator for a year or a\nrunning number. For example, ‘adj’ is a questionnaire about adjectives\nused in 2018, and ‘adj19’ is a questionnaire about adjectives used in\n2019. These questionnaires contain a mix of requests for translations\n(from Indonesian or Papuan Malay) and grammaticality checks of Kalamang\nsentences that I constructed, typically based on a similar example from\nthe corpus. Examples from these, as well as examples from data resulting\nfrom using other people’s questionnaires and video stimuli, are referred\nto in this study with the tag ‘elic’, followed by the corpus tag of the\nquestionnaire and the line number of the example. An example is\n(<a href=\"#exe:elicex\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:elicex\">[exe:elicex]</a>). Elicited examples are\nonly used when no naturalistic examples are available, or when\nnaturalistic examples do not illustrate the point clearly (for example,\nwhen there is no minimal pair available). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu pas sem=ten=at koup\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> woman\nafraid-<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj=obj</span> hug\n‘They hugged the scared woman.’ <span id=\"exe:elicex\"\nlabel=\"exe:elicex\"></span> \n</div> \nAn overview of the questionnaires, picture-matching tasks, picture\nstimuli and video stimuli designed by others that were used to collect\nKalamang data can be found on page. Some of these are classified as\nelicited material, while others are classified as naturalistic data and\nare referred to with the ‘stim’ tag. In this study, I sometimes make\nreference to the naturalistic spoken corpus, to oppose it to the\nelicited data – for example, when a certain construction type is only\nfound in the one and not in the other. Recordings in the naturalistic\nspoken corpus are also sometimes referred to as texts.[^24] Other\nexamples quoted in this study are marked as \\[overheard\\] or \\[dict\\].\nThe former are examples that I personally overheard. They are typically\ngreetings or other utterances that are highly frequent in daily life but\nthat have not made their way into the recorded corpus. In a very few\ninstances, they are utterances that I found interesting when I heard\nthem and which I noted down straight after. Examples quoted as \\[dict\\]\nare example sentences written by Fajaria Yarkuran for the dictionary\n(see §<a href=\"#sec:teachers\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:teachers\">[sec:teachers]</a>).\nTable<a href=\"#tab:examples\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:examples\">2.6</a> is an overview of the example\ntypes used in this study, and how they are referred to. \n<div id=\"tab:examples\"> \n\| type \| subtype \| tag example \| tag format \|\n\|:-------------\|:---------------\|:-----------------\|:-----------------------------------\|\n\| naturalistic \| stimulus-based \| \\[stim13_2:15\\] \| stim+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| narrative \| \\[narr45_23:04\\] \| narr+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| conversation \| \\[conv2_13:59\\] \| conv+running number_time stamp \|\n\| elicited \| \| \\[elic_wc_16\\] \| elic_questionnaire tag_line number \|\n\| naturalistic \| overheard \| \\[overheard\\] \| \|\n\| dictionary \| \| \\[dict_yuor\\] \| dict_lemma \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSources of examples used in this study \n</div> \nFor examples where I deem the linguistic or pragmatic context necessary\nto understand the example, or to understand the point the example\nillustrates, I have added information about the context of the example,\neither in the text preceding the example or in square brackets in the\nexample itself. Of course, this does not mean that a great many examples\ncould not have benefited from more information about the linguistic or\npragmatic context. To this end, I provide direct links to the corpus for\neach example so that the reader can inspect at least the linguistic\ncontext on their own. In the digital version of this grammar, the corpus\ntag that accompanies each example is clickable and leads to the bundle\npage that contains the relevant files. \nThe corpus also contains videos and pictures illustrating daily life in\nMas; a cultural questionnaire; recordings of music, prayer calls and\nsermons; pictures illustrating the natural world around Karas; and sound\nclips of words and phrases for phonetic and intonation analysis. All\ncorpus materials are accompanied by rich metadata, including a\ndescription of the contents, key words, genre, cross-references,\nlocation and, for the naturalistic recordings, extensive speaker\ninformation. Where possible, I have bundled recordings on a certain\ntopic together with supplementary materials such as pictures, such that\na narrative about the village’s last wedding is supplemented with\npictures of the wedding. A guide to the corpus with more details about\nits contents can be found in the corpus itself. \nAt a later stage, it would be good to supplement the corpus with\nrecordings that show code switching in addressing different audiences or\naddressees, to show more of the dynamic sociolinguistic context in which\nKalamang is spoken ,[^25] ritual and ceremonial language use, and songs\n.[^26] Certain formal genres, like public speeches or meetings, are not\nattested in the Kalamang speech community because of its status as a\nshifting language (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:socioling\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:socioling\">[sec:socioling]</a>)." } ], "index": 20, "level": "low_resource", "question": "I'm doing the dishes noisily.", "split": "train" }
Canam tumununat komet.	The man looks at his child.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: The man looks at his child.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: The Netherlands\nKalamang translation: Beladar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"man\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: adult man\nKalamang translation: esa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"man\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: man\nKalamang translation: esnem; -ca; -cam; teya; canam\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"looks\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: look\nKalamang translation: kome; kona\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"looks\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: look around\nKalamang translation: guanggarien\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: laugh at\nKalamang translation: komayeki\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: at its place\nKalamang translation: terunggo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"his\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like this\nKalamang translation: wandi; yuwandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"his\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: his wife\nKalamang translation: kieun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"child\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: small child\nKalamang translation: tumun caun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"child\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: child in law\nKalamang translation: ketan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The ananas isn't ripe yet.\nKalamang translation: Kainasu me tok sawaunin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The fish's gall bladder exploded.\nKalamang translation: Sar iemuna kararcie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"man\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That old man isn't strong anymore, he's old.\nKalamang translation: Esnem me ma he kuatnin, ma he tua.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"man\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Man from Kei, man from Java, man from Gorom.\nKalamang translation: Keica, Jawaca, Walakaca\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"looks\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: (If) I look at food I already feel full.\nKalamang translation: An muawat komera an se narasa kabor.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"looks\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We like to look at the welcome gate from the dock.\nKalamang translation: Pi los kerungga gapurat komet me rasa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many pandanus at the cape.\nKalamang translation: Diwadiwal karimunggo reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to go fishing at the dock.\nKalamang translation: An bo jambatanggoa warkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"his\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends planted a girawar tree at the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu girawarat oskol owatko kawaya.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"his\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends live on the mainland over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu distrik owa gocie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"child\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The childen are picking Sakina's family's ambarella's, they are angry at them.\nKalamang translation: Tumtum Sakina mu pasaromunat parua mu muat koewat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"child\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Hawa's child sleeps.\nKalamang translation: Hawa tumunun se min.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"ch:quant\" label=\"ch:quant\"></span> Quantifiers are words that\nindicate the quantity of the referent of the NP. They were introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcquant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcquant\">6.4.2</a>. As described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:nmodqnt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nmodqnt\">[sec:nmodqnt]</a>, quantifiers take the\nfirst slot after the noun in the NP. This chapter looks at the\nproperties of quantifiers beyond their distributional properties. It\nconsiders cardinal, ordinal and collective numerals\n(§<a href=\"#sec:cardnum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:cardnum\">[sec:cardnum]</a>), numeral classifiers\n(§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>), non-numeral quantifiers\n(§<a href=\"#sec:quantall\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:quantall\">[sec:quantall]</a>), and the inflections\nquantifiers may carry\n(§<a href=\"#sec:quantinfl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:quantinfl\">[sec:quantinfl]</a>).\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:teachers\" label=\"sec:teachers\"></span> In this section, I\ndescribe the nature of my collaboration with the consultants and other\nKalamang speakers that feature in the corpus. I also describe my\nrelationship with the village where I conducted the fieldwork, Mas. \nThe corpus contains the stories and conversations of 25 Kalamang\nspeakers, of which 14 are men. The oldest speaker was born in 1938, and\nthe youngest in 1981.[^16] In this study, I refer to these people as\nKalamang speakers, native speakers, or simply as speakers. Metadata\nabout the speakers (gender, year and place of birth, birthplace of\nparents, family ties and other languages spoken) can be found in the\ncorpus. Most speakers had completed primary school, some had attended\njunior or senior high school, but none of them had received formal\ntraining beyond high school. All speakers participated in one or more\nrecordings. Some speakers also helped me transcribe (parts of) their own\nrecordings. \nThree of the speakers were also language consultants, with whom I worked\non a near-daily basis during my yearly field trips. I started working\nwith Kamarudin Gusek in 2017, and with Hair Yorkuran and Fajaria\nYarkuran in 2018. The two men, Kamarudin and Hair, usually worked with\nme as a pair, and helped with the transcription of mainly their own\nrecordings, providing grammatical judgements, and the vocabulary.\nFajaria helped with the transcription and translation of her own and\nothers’ recordings, providing grammatical judgements, and the\nvocabulary. In addition, she wrote example sentences for almost 2000\nentries in the dictionary. A fourth person, Sebi Yarkuran, in whose\nhouse I stayed, has been an informal consultant mainly for vocabulary,\nand performed the speaker count together with Fajaria. \nThe three main consultants themselves offered to work with me, sometimes\nthrough a friend. Kamarudin Gusek, a village elder and medicine man who\nis supported by his child, was put forward as a possible consultant by\nthe village head in 2017. It soon turned out that he was keen to\ncollaborate daily. As I had no fixed consultants at the time, he soon\nbecame my main consultant. We recorded many narratives, he was often one\nof the two speakers in a picture-matching task, and we transcribed his\nand others’ recordings. He was a good source for local history, culture\nand botany, and liked to be recorded. I struggled to transcribe with\nhim, as he had trouble repeating the exact wording of audio clips\npresented to him, as well as giving a close Papuan Malay translation.\nFollowing a village meeting where I explained my goals and asked women\nin particular to report if they wanted to be recorded to work as\ninformants, Fajaria Yarkuran came forward towards the end of my trip in\n2017. At the time, she was a housewife with grown-up children and a lot\nof time on her hands. In 2018, we started collaborating daily. She\nturned out to be an excellent transcriber and translator with a good ear\nfor detail. Soon, instead of playing audio clips to her asking what was\nbeing said, I started sharing my screen with her so she could follow\nalong with my typing and correct any mistakes, such as words that I\nmissed. I also elicited translation sentences and grammaticality\njudgements from her, and worked on the dictionary with her. At the end\nof 2018, I gave her a short training in writing example sentences for\nthe dictionary. She enjoyed the work and was good at it, so I asked her\nto write example sentences for all entries in the draft of the Kalamang\ndictionary during my absence between two field trips. I paid her\nupfront, and upon my return in 2019 I collected her notebooks containing\n1849 example sentences. My third main consultant, Hair Yorkuran, stepped\nforward in 2018. Being a medicine man and friend of Kamarudin Gusek, I\nhad recorded him together with the latter on plant medicine in 2017. In\n2018, Kamarudin indicated that Hair was keen to join our sessions. They\nsoon turned out to be a great pair to ask for translations of sentences\nand grammaticality judgements. They also supplemented each other very\nwell in ethnobotanical knowledge and vocabulary. Because I had an\nexcellent transcriber in Fajaria, from 2018 onwards I only worked with\nKamarudin and Hair on recordings they were involved in themselves.\nDuring all field trips, I worked around 4.5 hours a day with informants\n(3 hours in the morning and 1.5 hours in the late afternoon), six or\nseven days a week. In 2018 and 2019, I tried to divide working hours\nevenly between Kamarudin/Hair and Fajaria. Locally, my three main\nconsultants were known as my language teachers or guru bahasa. Because\nno one in the community seemed to have a combination of sufficient\ncomputer skills and Kalamang skills, I have not trained anyone to do\ntranscriptions of Kalamang materials, as is sometimes customary (see\namong others ). The village head kindly offered me use of his office in\nthe village building, and so that is where I met my consultants every\nday, and where a large part of the recordings were made. The village\nbuilding is the building with the blue roof by the waterside in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:mas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:mas\">2.5</a>, and the office can be seen in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:setup\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:setup\">2.6</a> (both in the next section). \nSpeakers who feature in recordings were often approached by myself, and\nwere sometimes brought in by a friend who had been recorded previously.\nAll speakers were offered to collaborate on the transcription of their\nown recording(s) and were invited to come in any time to work as\nconsultants, but most people showed no interest, or did not have the\ntime. Consultants and other speakers, regardless of the tasks performed,\nwere paid the same hourly compensation of 25,000 IDR in 2017 and 2018,\nand 33,000 IDR in 2019. This compensation is based on a teacher’s salary\n(in 2015–2018 about 100,000 IDR per day, ), with a bonus for irregular\nworking hours and, in 2019, a generous adjustment for inflation.\nCompensation was at first paid at the end of the recording or consulting\nsession. Later, when I had established good working routines with the\nthree main consultants, they were paid two or three times a week,\nwhenever they had earned a round sum of money. All hours were kept in a\nnotebook, and compensations were signed for by the recipients. Although\nit is reported that shame might be an issue when receiving money in\nIndonesia , I have not noticed this. However, I soon learned that\nmonetary compensation was sometimes not enough, as people would ask me\noutright for gifts. All those who feature in recordings therefore also\nreceived small gifts (Indonesian oleh-oleh or kenang-kenangan) as a\ntoken of friendship and a way to remember the relationship. These were\noften souvenirs from The Netherlands, but fish lures and reading glasses\nwere also very popular. The main consultants also received a bigger gift\neach year, such as a silver ring, perfume or a rain coat.[^17]\nTable<a href=\"#tab:hours\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:hours\">2.3</a> shows an overview of the total hours\nI worked together with the main three informants and with others. Hours\ninclude recording. \n<div id=\"tab:hours\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:-----------------\|----:\|\n\| Kamarudin Gusek \| 234 \|\n\| Fajaria Yarkuran \| 189 \|\n\| Hair Yorkuran \| 116 \|\n\| Others \| 54 \|\n\| Total \| 593 \|\n\| \| \| \nHours worked 2017–2019 with consultants and other speakers \n</div> \n<figure id=\"fig:consultants\">\n<p><img src=\"Images/consultantf-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"image\" /> <span\nid=\"fig:faj\" label=\"fig:faj\"></span> <img\nsrc=\"Images/consultanthk-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"image\" /> <span id=\"fig:hk\"\nlabel=\"fig:hk\"></span></p>\n<figcaption>The main consultants Fajaria Yarkuran, Hair Yorkuran and\nKamarudin Gusek in a temporary hut on Tat beach, which we used during my\n2018 field trip on hot afternoons instead of the village building. Tanah\nMerah on the New Guinea mainland can be seen in the background of the\nleft-hand picture and the smaller Karas Islands in the background of the\nright-hand picture.</figcaption>\n</figure> \nThe contact language between myself and the consultants and other\nspeakers was a mix of Papuan Malay and Kalamang, with emphasis on the\nformer, as I never reached a good enough command of Kalamang to do more\nthan small talk. \nThe people of Mas, the village I stayed in during all four field trips,\nwere informed of my intentions through the above-mentioned village\nmeeting which took place in Mas shortly after my arrival in 2017. At the\nmeeting, I explained my goals, showed the results of my visit in 2015 (a\nmaster’s thesis), and showed some examples of linguistic descriptions of\nIha and Mbaham by the Indonesian linguist Don Flassy to illustrate what\nI wanted to achieve. I also presented the compensation I intended to pay\nto consultants and speakers, and invited all Kalamang speakers to come\nand work with me at any time. Further, I presented the kinds of things I\nmentioned I could do for the village in return. I mentioned a\ndictionary, children’s books, Kalamang learning materials and English\nlessons (of which I had talked with some people before). I also asked at\nthe meeting, which was attended by some 50 adults, what they would like\nme to do for them. There was one response from the audience: whether I\ncould provide funding for the municipality. I said I could not, and that\nI was only able to provide language-related assistance. It was later\ndecided, in consultation with the school teachers and because many\npeople in the street were asking about it, that I would teach English\nfor two hours a week in grade 5/6 by means of community service. At the\nend of each field trip, I also organised a village feast with games and\nfood or, at the suggestion of my hosts, a goodbye prayer evening with\nfood to thank the people for their hospitality. Although few others than\nmy main consultants showed any enthusiasm for Kalamang language\nmaterials, in 2018 I decided to pursue the production of a children’s\nbook and a dictionary, as both I and my main consultants enjoyed working\non them. A Kalamang/Papuan Malay children’s book with drawings made by\nMas school children of the story Kuawi\n([narr22](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC0-1)) was\npublished and 100 copies were sent to Fakfak in 2019. The Kalamang\ndictionary will be published as a free app and contains hundreds of\npictures taken by youths in Mas and Malakuli. They were paid 2000 IDR\nper usable picture of selected lemmas in the dictionary. All recorded\nspeakers received a USB flash drive with their own recording on it in\nhigh quality, featuring Papuan Malay and Kalamang subtitles. \nOther ways of informing people about my work were by putting up a\nproject description on the Mas village board in 2018, presenting myself\nto the village head at the beginning of each visit, and reporting to\nlocal authorities in Malakuli, Fakfak, Sorong and/or Manokwari. Oral and\nwritten informed consent can be found in the corpus. No speaker objected\nto my recording their language, storing it, and using it for research.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: The man looks at his child.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Canam tumununat komet.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Canam tumununat komet.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Quantifiers", "Header 2": null, "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"ch:quant\" label=\"ch:quant\"></span> Quantifiers are words that\nindicate the quantity of the referent of the NP. They were introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcquant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcquant\">6.4.2</a>. As described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:nmodqnt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nmodqnt\">[sec:nmodqnt]</a>, quantifiers take the\nfirst slot after the noun in the NP. This chapter looks at the\nproperties of quantifiers beyond their distributional properties. It\nconsiders cardinal, ordinal and collective numerals\n(§<a href=\"#sec:cardnum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:cardnum\">[sec:cardnum]</a>), numeral classifiers\n(§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>), non-numeral quantifiers\n(§<a href=\"#sec:quantall\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:quantall\">[sec:quantall]</a>), and the inflections\nquantifiers may carry\n(§<a href=\"#sec:quantinfl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:quantinfl\">[sec:quantinfl]</a>)." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "This study", "Header 3": "Relation with consultants, other speakers and the community", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:teachers\" label=\"sec:teachers\"></span> In this section, I\ndescribe the nature of my collaboration with the consultants and other\nKalamang speakers that feature in the corpus. I also describe my\nrelationship with the village where I conducted the fieldwork, Mas. \nThe corpus contains the stories and conversations of 25 Kalamang\nspeakers, of which 14 are men. The oldest speaker was born in 1938, and\nthe youngest in 1981.[^16] In this study, I refer to these people as\nKalamang speakers, native speakers, or simply as speakers. Metadata\nabout the speakers (gender, year and place of birth, birthplace of\nparents, family ties and other languages spoken) can be found in the\ncorpus. Most speakers had completed primary school, some had attended\njunior or senior high school, but none of them had received formal\ntraining beyond high school. All speakers participated in one or more\nrecordings. Some speakers also helped me transcribe (parts of) their own\nrecordings. \nThree of the speakers were also language consultants, with whom I worked\non a near-daily basis during my yearly field trips. I started working\nwith Kamarudin Gusek in 2017, and with Hair Yorkuran and Fajaria\nYarkuran in 2018. The two men, Kamarudin and Hair, usually worked with\nme as a pair, and helped with the transcription of mainly their own\nrecordings, providing grammatical judgements, and the vocabulary.\nFajaria helped with the transcription and translation of her own and\nothers’ recordings, providing grammatical judgements, and the\nvocabulary. In addition, she wrote example sentences for almost 2000\nentries in the dictionary. A fourth person, Sebi Yarkuran, in whose\nhouse I stayed, has been an informal consultant mainly for vocabulary,\nand performed the speaker count together with Fajaria. \nThe three main consultants themselves offered to work with me, sometimes\nthrough a friend. Kamarudin Gusek, a village elder and medicine man who\nis supported by his child, was put forward as a possible consultant by\nthe village head in 2017. It soon turned out that he was keen to\ncollaborate daily. As I had no fixed consultants at the time, he soon\nbecame my main consultant. We recorded many narratives, he was often one\nof the two speakers in a picture-matching task, and we transcribed his\nand others’ recordings. He was a good source for local history, culture\nand botany, and liked to be recorded. I struggled to transcribe with\nhim, as he had trouble repeating the exact wording of audio clips\npresented to him, as well as giving a close Papuan Malay translation.\nFollowing a village meeting where I explained my goals and asked women\nin particular to report if they wanted to be recorded to work as\ninformants, Fajaria Yarkuran came forward towards the end of my trip in\n2017. At the time, she was a housewife with grown-up children and a lot\nof time on her hands. In 2018, we started collaborating daily. She\nturned out to be an excellent transcriber and translator with a good ear\nfor detail. Soon, instead of playing audio clips to her asking what was\nbeing said, I started sharing my screen with her so she could follow\nalong with my typing and correct any mistakes, such as words that I\nmissed. I also elicited translation sentences and grammaticality\njudgements from her, and worked on the dictionary with her. At the end\nof 2018, I gave her a short training in writing example sentences for\nthe dictionary. She enjoyed the work and was good at it, so I asked her\nto write example sentences for all entries in the draft of the Kalamang\ndictionary during my absence between two field trips. I paid her\nupfront, and upon my return in 2019 I collected her notebooks containing\n1849 example sentences. My third main consultant, Hair Yorkuran, stepped\nforward in 2018. Being a medicine man and friend of Kamarudin Gusek, I\nhad recorded him together with the latter on plant medicine in 2017. In\n2018, Kamarudin indicated that Hair was keen to join our sessions. They\nsoon turned out to be a great pair to ask for translations of sentences\nand grammaticality judgements. They also supplemented each other very\nwell in ethnobotanical knowledge and vocabulary. Because I had an\nexcellent transcriber in Fajaria, from 2018 onwards I only worked with\nKamarudin and Hair on recordings they were involved in themselves.\nDuring all field trips, I worked around 4.5 hours a day with informants\n(3 hours in the morning and 1.5 hours in the late afternoon), six or\nseven days a week. In 2018 and 2019, I tried to divide working hours\nevenly between Kamarudin/Hair and Fajaria. Locally, my three main\nconsultants were known as my language teachers or guru bahasa. Because\nno one in the community seemed to have a combination of sufficient\ncomputer skills and Kalamang skills, I have not trained anyone to do\ntranscriptions of Kalamang materials, as is sometimes customary (see\namong others ). The village head kindly offered me use of his office in\nthe village building, and so that is where I met my consultants every\nday, and where a large part of the recordings were made. The village\nbuilding is the building with the blue roof by the waterside in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:mas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:mas\">2.5</a>, and the office can be seen in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:setup\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:setup\">2.6</a> (both in the next section). \nSpeakers who feature in recordings were often approached by myself, and\nwere sometimes brought in by a friend who had been recorded previously.\nAll speakers were offered to collaborate on the transcription of their\nown recording(s) and were invited to come in any time to work as\nconsultants, but most people showed no interest, or did not have the\ntime. Consultants and other speakers, regardless of the tasks performed,\nwere paid the same hourly compensation of 25,000 IDR in 2017 and 2018,\nand 33,000 IDR in 2019. This compensation is based on a teacher’s salary\n(in 2015–2018 about 100,000 IDR per day, ), with a bonus for irregular\nworking hours and, in 2019, a generous adjustment for inflation.\nCompensation was at first paid at the end of the recording or consulting\nsession. Later, when I had established good working routines with the\nthree main consultants, they were paid two or three times a week,\nwhenever they had earned a round sum of money. All hours were kept in a\nnotebook, and compensations were signed for by the recipients. Although\nit is reported that shame might be an issue when receiving money in\nIndonesia , I have not noticed this. However, I soon learned that\nmonetary compensation was sometimes not enough, as people would ask me\noutright for gifts. All those who feature in recordings therefore also\nreceived small gifts (Indonesian oleh-oleh or kenang-kenangan) as a\ntoken of friendship and a way to remember the relationship. These were\noften souvenirs from The Netherlands, but fish lures and reading glasses\nwere also very popular. The main consultants also received a bigger gift\neach year, such as a silver ring, perfume or a rain coat.[^17]\nTable<a href=\"#tab:hours\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:hours\">2.3</a> shows an overview of the total hours\nI worked together with the main three informants and with others. Hours\ninclude recording. \n<div id=\"tab:hours\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:-----------------\|----:\|\n\| Kamarudin Gusek \| 234 \|\n\| Fajaria Yarkuran \| 189 \|\n\| Hair Yorkuran \| 116 \|\n\| Others \| 54 \|\n\| Total \| 593 \|\n\| \| \| \nHours worked 2017–2019 with consultants and other speakers \n</div> \n<figure id=\"fig:consultants\">\n<p><img src=\"Images/consultantf-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"image\" /> <span\nid=\"fig:faj\" label=\"fig:faj\"></span> <img\nsrc=\"Images/consultanthk-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"image\" /> <span id=\"fig:hk\"\nlabel=\"fig:hk\"></span></p>\n<figcaption>The main consultants Fajaria Yarkuran, Hair Yorkuran and\nKamarudin Gusek in a temporary hut on Tat beach, which we used during my\n2018 field trip on hot afternoons instead of the village building. Tanah\nMerah on the New Guinea mainland can be seen in the background of the\nleft-hand picture and the smaller Karas Islands in the background of the\nright-hand picture.</figcaption>\n</figure> \nThe contact language between myself and the consultants and other\nspeakers was a mix of Papuan Malay and Kalamang, with emphasis on the\nformer, as I never reached a good enough command of Kalamang to do more\nthan small talk. \nThe people of Mas, the village I stayed in during all four field trips,\nwere informed of my intentions through the above-mentioned village\nmeeting which took place in Mas shortly after my arrival in 2017. At the\nmeeting, I explained my goals, showed the results of my visit in 2015 (a\nmaster’s thesis), and showed some examples of linguistic descriptions of\nIha and Mbaham by the Indonesian linguist Don Flassy to illustrate what\nI wanted to achieve. I also presented the compensation I intended to pay\nto consultants and speakers, and invited all Kalamang speakers to come\nand work with me at any time. Further, I presented the kinds of things I\nmentioned I could do for the village in return. I mentioned a\ndictionary, children’s books, Kalamang learning materials and English\nlessons (of which I had talked with some people before). I also asked at\nthe meeting, which was attended by some 50 adults, what they would like\nme to do for them. There was one response from the audience: whether I\ncould provide funding for the municipality. I said I could not, and that\nI was only able to provide language-related assistance. It was later\ndecided, in consultation with the school teachers and because many\npeople in the street were asking about it, that I would teach English\nfor two hours a week in grade 5/6 by means of community service. At the\nend of each field trip, I also organised a village feast with games and\nfood or, at the suggestion of my hosts, a goodbye prayer evening with\nfood to thank the people for their hospitality. Although few others than\nmy main consultants showed any enthusiasm for Kalamang language\nmaterials, in 2018 I decided to pursue the production of a children’s\nbook and a dictionary, as both I and my main consultants enjoyed working\non them. A Kalamang/Papuan Malay children’s book with drawings made by\nMas school children of the story Kuawi\n([narr22](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC0-1)) was\npublished and 100 copies were sent to Fakfak in 2019. The Kalamang\ndictionary will be published as a free app and contains hundreds of\npictures taken by youths in Mas and Malakuli. They were paid 2000 IDR\nper usable picture of selected lemmas in the dictionary. All recorded\nspeakers received a USB flash drive with their own recording on it in\nhigh quality, featuring Papuan Malay and Kalamang subtitles. \nOther ways of informing people about my work were by putting up a\nproject description on the Mas village board in 2018, presenting myself\nto the village head at the beginning of each visit, and reporting to\nlocal authorities in Malakuli, Fakfak, Sorong and/or Manokwari. Oral and\nwritten informed consent can be found in the corpus. No speaker objected\nto my recording their language, storing it, and using it for research." } ], "index": 21, "level": "low_resource", "question": "The man looks at his child.", "split": "train" }
Sara kaman mat paruo bolun patiwatin.	Sara is affected by kaman-disease, her lips are sore.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Sara is affected by kaman-disease, her lips are sore.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Sara\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: asparagus bean\nKalamang translation: kawuok kahahen\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Sara\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: bira\nKalamang translation: bira\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"affected\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: older or respected woman\nKalamang translation: enem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"affected\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: respected woman\nKalamang translation: tatanina\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"by\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: suddenly move\nKalamang translation: urukmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"by\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: signal goby\nKalamang translation: siabor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"kaman\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: older or respected woman\nKalamang translation: enem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"kaman\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Kalamang language\nKalamang translation: Kalamangmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"disease\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chase\nKalamang translation: namasawuot; sarie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"disease\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: disease\nKalamang translation: kaman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"her\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weight watcher\nKalamang translation: kibibal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"her\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: higher\nKalamang translation: lebe\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"lips\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like this\nKalamang translation: wandi; yuwandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"lips\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: lip\nKalamang translation: bolkul\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sore\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: day before yesterday\nKalamang translation: keitar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sore\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sore\nKalamang translation: patin\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Sara\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many lusi muaun trees at Sar, but they are dry.\nKalamang translation: Lusi muaun me Sarko reidak ma ma he sasa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Sara\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sara is diving for clams\nKalamang translation: Sara bo kanyuotkowar teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"affected\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Moktar's father prohibited the harvest of his coconuts at Terar.\nKalamang translation: Moktar esun Terarko warat kalour.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"affected\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Granny Ruslan's grandmother and family planted maize in their garden.\nKalamang translation: Nina Ruslan taraun mu keteles kowaya amdirunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"by\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rustam's grandmother spit on me by accident.\nKalamang translation: Rustam taraun anat salai koalom.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"by\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil is plagued by mucus.\nKalamang translation: Nabil marur mat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"kaman\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm writing down Eline's Kalamang.\nKalamang translation: An Elin Kalamangmangunara natulis.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"kaman\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"disease\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My bag has disappeared.\nKalamang translation: Tasan he gosomin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"disease\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: If we go to Fakfak in west wind season there are big waves.\nKalamang translation: Kemanurpak me pi Pakpaka boet me ureren.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"her\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother was drying her sarong and it flew off.\nKalamang translation: Salima emun kadounat masara ma lele.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"her\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Unyil walked into her mother and her mother fell.\nKalamang translation: Unyil marmarta emunat kosara, emun tur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"lips\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends live on the mainland over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu distrik owa gocie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"lips\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's mother has sore lips.\nKalamang translation: Nabil emun bolkulun lalang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sore\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's mother has sore lips.\nKalamang translation: Nabil emun bolkulun lalang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sore\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Her mother's nipple is sore.\nKalamang translation: Ma emun ambelun neing.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"ch:maps\" label=\"ch:maps\"></span>\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnarrnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">23.1</a> displays those names\nmentioned in the traditional narratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>).\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnames\">23.2</a> shows all recorded coastal\nnames of the big Karas island, and a few additional place names. For a\nbigger version, zoom in on the digital version of this page, or download\nthe map from the Kalamang archive.[^104] \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names_narratives.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Place names of Karas mentioned in traditional\nnarratives</figcaption>\n</figure> \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Coastal place names of Karas</figcaption>\n</figure> \n[^1]: Data taken from the 2018 and 2019 publications of Statistik Daerah\nKabupaten Fakfak \\[Statistics Fakfak Regency Area\\], published by\nthe Badan Pusat Statistik Daerah Fakfak \\[Central Bureau of\nStatistics Fakfak Area\\]. Publications can be found at\n<https://fakfakkab.bps.go.id/publication.html>. \n[^2]: This map seems to be an unpublished draft, but is for example used\nin . \n[^3]: (Sub)grouping in this paragraph according to Glottolog. \n[^4]: Data on the map (series 1501, sheet SA 53-13, edition 1) comes\nfrom the years 1956-1960. \n[^5]: Archived at <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF4-4> \n[^6]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFB-1> \n[^7]: Recordings of prayers can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF7-4>,\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D> and\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6>. Picture\nmaterial of shared meals is available at the last two links. \n[^8]: These comprise the water in Sebakor Bay, extending southwards at\nleast as far as Kitikiti waterfall (3°50’25.7\"S 132°47’57.5\"E). I do\nnot know if the waters west of the biggest Karas island belong to\nKaras district, or if the water is divided between the\nKalamang-speaking and Uruangnirin-speaking communities. \n[^9]: Of whom at least one has passed away since. \n[^10]: This was operationalised in Indonesian as lancar; yang tahu\nbahasa bagus sekali and kurang lancar; yang masih pikir-pikir. \n[^11]: While there is obviously a cline in proficiency from fluent to\nnon-fluent to minimal, it was no matter of discussion for my two\nconsultants whom to include as fluent and non-fluent speakers, and\nwhom to exclude from the speaker count. \n[^12]: The only instance where I have noticed people showing off with\nKalamang is when in public places in Fakfak with me, but it is used\nto trick others into believing that they are speaking English with\nme. \n[^13]: Kapaur in . \n[^14]: Patimuni in . In other sources spelled as Bah(a)am or Mbahaam. \n[^15]: explain well how the descriptive linguist both informs and is\ninformed by typology and formal linguistics. I can only hope I have\nstruck the right balance. \n[^16]: Audio recordings for phonetic analysis and of paradigms, made in\n2015, contain the voices of four other (partial) speakers. Their\nmetadata can be found in the corpus. \n[^17]: Other people to whom gifts were extended are my hosts in Fakfak\nand Mas, the village head of Mas, my local aunts, uncles and\ngrandmother, and other people with whom I maintained a personal\nrelationship. \n[^18]: The corpus, called The Kalamang collection: an archive of\nlinguistic and cultural material from Karas can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^19]: A fifth field trip was planned for 2020 but had to be cancelled\ndue to COVID-19. Luckily, I had enough data to finish the current\nstudy. Things that I had planned for the last field trip included\ndouble-checking the transcriptions of recordings made in 2019,\ndouble-checking all the examples used in this study, double-checking\nsome lemmas in the dictionary, collecting more pictures for the\ndictionary, recording audio samples of all lemmas, collecting\nrecordings of more genres (such as making offerings, ghost stories,\nand action camera recordings of people in their gardens and loading\na canoe), collecting supplementary grammaticality judgements on\nvarious topics (such as the apprehensive construction, classifiers,\npossessive constructions, prosody, quantifiers and reflexives) and\ncarrying out ethnobotanic/linguistic fieldwork in collaboration with\nan MA student in ethnobotany. \n[^20]: A breath group is what the speaker manages to say between two\nbreaths, and is a convenient way to divide utterances. This division\nwas not strictly followed. Sometimes people would pause without\nbreathing – for example at the end of a non-final clause. Some\nspeakers had a habit of uttering very long stretches of speech,\nseemingly without breathing. These stretches were divided wherever\nit seemed practical to do so during the transcription. \n[^21]: Transcribed recordings are archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^22]: Annotated elicited data is archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A>. \n[^23]: While I do think that there are differences in style and\nnaturalness between the three categories stimulus-based, narrative\nand conversations, I have not actually investigated this. Also, the\ncategories are not clear-cut. The stimulus-based recordings\nobviously can be narratives or conversations, conversations may\ncontain stretches of narrative, narratives may contain a short\nconversation with a passer-by, etc. This classification is just one\nway to give the reader at least some degree of context when reading\nan example. \n[^24]: Defined in as “connected naturally occurring utterance\\[s\\]”. \n[^25]: Some of it can be found in the conversations between Fajaria\nYarkuran and Nurmia Yarkuran (conv9–11, conv13–16), which are\ninterrupted by children entering the room. Some speakers also\naddress the linguist in an opening and a closing of a narrative in\nPapuan Malay (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>). Note that code switching\nbetween Kalamang and Papuan Malay without a change of audience,\ntypically for just a few words at a time, is very common and occurs\nin all recordings. \n[^26]: One song, Loflof, can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF9-5>, and the\nnarratives narr18 and narr19 contain short songs. The ritual chant\ntenggelele can be found in conv8. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:formula\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:formula\">[sec:formula]</a>. \n[^27]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^28]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^29]: These can currently be found at\n<https://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/representations/gloss/index.php?open=../../../../../includes/gramm_category_labels.inc>. \n[^30]: According to . I do not have access to the original report. \n[^31]: In fact, if one takes into account the WALS features and\nlanguages, the Papuan languages do not stand apart from the rest of\nthe world’s languages at all . \n[^32]: : “\\[W\\]e define East Nusantara as a geographical area that\nextends from Sumbawa to the west, across the islands of East Nusa\nTenggara, Maluku including Halmahera, and to the Bird’s Head of New\nGuinea in the east \\[...\\]. In the northwest, the area is bounded by\nSulawesi.” \n[^33]: Melanesia, based on the features considered in , “begins in the\narea of Flores-Sumba-Timor, reaches through New Guinea and into the\nBismarck Archipelago, and concludes in Vanuatu-New Caledonia”\n(p.122). Linguistic Wallacea is similar to East Nusantara.\nLinguistic Wallacea differs from Biological Wallacea in that the\nformer does not include Sulawesi and the latter does not include any\nparts of New Guinea. \n[^34]: Voiced stops do not occur syllable-finally, also not as\nunderlying phonemes. The voiceless stops that are syllable-final are\nso also underlyingly. \n[^35]: As counted in April 2019. \n[^36]: Timothy Usher (p.c.) suggests that this is the case because it\nderives historically from a longer form \\kinV. \n[^37]: Note that this is an intonational* pitch accent, not to be\nconfounded with lexical tones. \n[^38]: I checked 96 Papuan grammars and grammar sketches in 2018. Of\nthese, 29 make some mention of intonation, ranging from a brief\nmention in the chapter on discourse structuring to a number or arrow\nsystem to describe intonation created by the author of the grammar.\nOf these 29, only five grammars include pitch contours. Of those\nfive, only three have pitch contours generated with help of\nsoftware. Those three languages are described here. For the other\ntwo languages, Mauwake and Menggwa Dla, only hand-drawn pitch\ncontours without alignment or a Hz scale are available. The\ndescription of prosody in Qaqet came to my attention in 2020 and was\nadded subsequently. \n[^39]: There are other comparative data that may give a clue to the\norigin of /t/ and /n/. The West Bomberai language Iha has the\n(singular patient) -ny and (plural patient) -te conjugations in\nsome verbs , and the East Timorese language Fataluku has the same\nsubject clitic =n(u) and different subject =t(u) . Although\nKalamang has no synchronic number marking for patients or\nswitch-reference marking, the phonemes /t/ and /n/ may be remnants\nof something similar. \n[^40]: The forms wat and met are underlyingly or diachronically\nwa=at ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span>’ and me=at\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=obj</span>’ (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), respectively, and cannot be\ncompared to a verb such as bo ‘to go’, which has two uninflected\nforms: bo and bot. \n[^41]: Note also that there are instances where there has been an\nobvious loss of prenasalisation between vowels – for example, in the\nnumerals /kodak/ ‘just one’ and /kodaet/ ‘one more’. These are\ndiachronically /kon/ + /tak/ and /kon/ + /taet/, respectively. It is\nlikely that these forms originally were \\[kondak̚\\] and \\[kondaet̚\\]\n(nasal assimilation, §<a href=\"#sec:assim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:assim\">[sec:assim]</a>), which were reanalysed\nas monomorphemic words before the nasal was removed for some reason.\nOtherwise, we would expect \\[korak̚\\] and \\[koraet̚\\] (lenition of\nintervocalic stops, §<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). \n[^42]: I started a test where I let different speakers transcribe the\nsame 11 sentences from corpus recordings, to see how they would\nsegment units. I did not do the test with more than two speakers,\nhowever, because I realised there was a lack of good speakers who\ncould write clearly enough to determine segments. Although most\nKalamang speakers are literate, many of them are not experienced or\nfluent writers. \n[^43]: Except for verbs in the imperative mood, which distinguish\nbetween singular and plural subjects\n(§<a href=\"#sec:verbdistr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbdistr\">[sec:verbdistr]</a>). \n[^44]: Note the similarity of this suffix with the last part of the\npronominal suffix -autak ‘alone’,\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>, and the last part of\nreidak ‘many’,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:inreidak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inreidak\">[exe:inreidak]</a>. \n[^45]: These are analysed as postpositions, not case markers, because of\nthe domain of attachment (the NP, not the noun), a lack of agreement\nor declension paradigms, and because the forms are almost mutually\nexclusive. The author has no strong preference for either analysis,\nand encourages the reader to replace “postposition” with “case\nmarker” in their mind if they wish. \n[^46]: See and for a definition of and information about the categories\niamitive and nondum, respectively. \n[^47]: A sixth root, teit- ‘neighbour’, was elicited as inalienable\nbut does not occur in the natural spoken corpus. \n[^48]: Several data points suggest a link between agentive nominaliser\n-et and a more general “animator”. Many animal names, especially\nthose for insects, end in -et or -let (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:letet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:letet\">48</a>). This is not a productive suffix\non animal names, and there is no proof of a diachronic relation with\nthe agentive nominaliser -et. However, note also the animate\nclassifier et- (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). A speculative relation\ncould be made between donenet ‘black ant’ and -nenen ‘body hair’\n(‘that which is hairy’), and between kalabet ‘earth worm’ and\nkalawen ‘soft’ (‘that which is soft’). Kedederet ‘k.o. bird’\ncould be derived from an onomatopoeion. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndonenet ‘black ant’ kalabet ‘earth worm’ kalkalet ‘mosquito’\nkapapet ‘glassy sweeper (k.o. fish)’ kedederet ‘k.o. small black\nbird’ pabalet ‘fly’ pueselet ‘spider’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:letet\" label=\"exe:letet\"></span> \n</div> \n[^49]: The general associative marker =kin is used to make similar\nconstructions to these. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>. \n[^50]: Japanese and Korean have similar phenomena, where quantifiers can\nbe both inside and outside the NP . \n[^51]: Contra the preliminary analysis of the Kalamang pronominal system\nin , clusivity is a well-established distinction in Kalamang. \n[^52]: This observation is impressionistic. It is based on a corpus\nsearch for pronouns with a suffixed numeral. A confounding factor is\nthat lower numerals are more common than higher numerals. \n[^53]: This is parallel to the local Malay, where mama tua and bapak\ntua are father or mother’s older sister and brother, respectively.\nA parent’s younger sister can be called (mama) ci, but I am not\naware of a corresponding term for men in use on Karas. \n[^54]: Using the established abbreviations for kinship terms: e = elder,\ny = younger, F = father, M = mother, B = brother, Z = sister, S =\nson, D = daughter, H = husband, W = wife. I.e. FeZ means ‘father’s\nelder sister’. \n[^55]: In other words, lineal kin of both two generations up and two\ngenerations down from ego is referred to as tara- \n[^56]: Polygamy is legal in Indonesia but not currently practiced on\nKaras. \n[^57]: Anak piara in local Malay. The parents of such a child are\ntypically alive and capable of taking care of children, and are in\ncontact with the child they have fostered out. This may be a\npractice that takes care of individuals or families that do not or\ncannot have children themselves, while at the same time lifting the\nburden from families with many children. \n[^58]: 7 = 6 + 1 is found in several languages of the area, among which\nare the Aru languages, Onin, Sekar and Uruangnirin . \n[^59]: There might be an intonational difference, but this was not\ntested for. \n[^60]: The West Bomberai language Mbaham has a word muur ‘branch’ and\na transport classifier mu- , and Iha has a classifier mur for\nboats, ‘motor’ and branches (Katherine Walker, p.c.). \n[^61]: While I elicited negative grammaticality judgments for mir-\nwith, for example, other modes of transport or other things made of\nwood, I have not had the chance to test pel- in combination with\nnouns other than ‘banana’. In other words, the status of pel- as a\nunique classifier is based on its lack of appearance in combination\nwith nouns other than ‘banana’ in the current corpus. \n[^62]: maybe tau ‘?’ + eir ‘two’, although ‘two sides’ is tawirir \n[^63]: These are pendapat ‘opinion’ (Malay loan), toman ‘bag’, hak\n‘right’ (Malay loan), kewe ‘house’, asal ‘origin’ (Malay loan)\nand guru ‘teacher’ (Malay loan). A reason that many of these are\nMalay loans might be that possessive constructions in Papuan Malay\nare made with a periphrastic construction (possessor + ‘have’ +\npossessum), which might trigger the use of a possessive pronoun\ninstead of a suffix in Kalamang. In any case, the number of\noccurrences of these words is so low in comparison to those of esa\n‘father’ and ema ‘mother’ that we will not consider them any\nfurther. \n[^64]: There is no restriction against a possessive suffix on a noun\nending in /a/, cf. nika-an ‘my fishing line’. \n[^65]: Compare also tamandi ‘how’, apparently formed with the question\nword root tama and the suffix -ndi. \n[^66]: Karas is spoken on a limestone island that rises out of the sea.\nBoth villages, Mas and Antalisa, are built on a strip of beach and\nthe adjacent slopes. \n[^67]: Note that the phonemes -n and -t (~ -d ~ -r) also occur\non demonstratives and question words, and pose a morphophonological\nproblem that is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>. \n[^68]: Other predicate enclitics, such as non-final =te and =ta or\nprogressive =teba, do not trigger the insertion of -t or -n. \n[^69]: The fact that the form with -n does not carry y- and vice\nversa may be related to them having different stress patterns:\nˈyecie vs eˈcien. All “uninflected” verbs with -n carry stress\non the last syllable, even if the verb without -n carries stress\non the first (e.g. ˈpotma vs potˈman ‘to cut’, ˈparuo vs\npaˈruon ‘to do’, ˈosie vs oˈsien) but yecie is the only one\nwith a difference in initial vowel. Syllable weight does not\nnormally play a role in stress assignment in Kalamang (as described\nin§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>). \n[^70]: Exceptions are gocie ‘to live’ and yecie ‘to return’, but\nbecause these have different semantics I have not listed them here.\nNote, however, that -cie in gocie may also be a morpheme, as\ngo means ‘place’. Those counterparts in -cie marked with an\nasterisk in the table were rejected in elicitation; the gaps remain\nto be tested. \n[^71]: A distinction between na in the meaning ‘to drink’ and in the\nmeaning ‘to eat’ was made to make the dataset comparable with other\nlanguages. Na ‘to eat’ was very unlikely to incorporate. For\ndetails, see . \n[^72]: This is why some reduplications are glossed as\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>’, instead of forcing a specific\nreading on them. \n[^73]: Four words in the lexicon might contain a fossilised prefix\nun-. These are unmasir ‘to give birth’ (cf, masir ‘to weed’),\nunkoryap ‘to divide’ (cf. koryap ‘to divide’, yap ‘to\ndivide’), unkawer ‘body fat’ (kawer not attested) and unsor\n‘orange-spotted trevally’ (cf. sor ‘fish’). \n[^74]: This construction was elicited with a picture of child washing\nits own hair, which was contrasted with a picture of a mother\nbathing a child. Showing the picture was accompanied by a request\nfor a translation of Malay anak mandi diri ‘the child bathes\nitself’ and saya mandi diri ‘I bathe myself’. \n[^75]: The translational equivalent of two applicatives and three\npromoted arguments is not entirely clear and therefore given with a\nquestion mark. \n[^76]: Other languages with a zero morpheme for ‘give’ are the Gum\nlanguages of Papua New Guinea, notably , and , a Muskogean language\n. \n[^77]: For comparative constructions, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:compcon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compcon\">[sec:compcon]</a>. \n[^78]: This is reminiscent of languages such as Candoshi (isolate,\nPeru), which describes colours with terms that translate as ‘like\nthe feathers of a Milvago bird’ . For Candoshi, it is claimed that\nthese terms only have secondary use as colour terms, and that the\nlanguage therefore does not really have colour terms. An overarching\nword ‘colour’ is also lacking. Although the latter is the case for\nKalamang as well, and Kalamang colour terms are clearly derived\nterms, the words mentioned here are used primarily as colour terms.\nPeople backtranslate baranggap as ‘yellow’, for example, and not\nas ‘like turmeric’. \n[^79]: The relation between aspect and universal quantification is\ndiscussed for Timor-Alor languages in . See also : “Completives\ndiffer from finish semantics in that the endpoint of the event is\nnot reached by some actor wilfully ending it, but because a totality\nof referents is affected”. In\n§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>, I argue that Kalamang\n=i koyet does both. \n[^80]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin (§<a href=\"#sec:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kin\">[sec:kin]</a>). The corpus instances of\ntoni followed by a verb that is not marked with =kin are\nambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’ reading. \n[^81]: This is a morphosyntactic definition for a morphosyntactic\nphenomenon. Often-used criteria such as intonation and event\nstructure (in e.g. ) are argued to be hard to falsify and to follow\nfrom a morphosyntactic definition (e.g. ). \n[^82]: Alternatively, it could be argued that bo is an independent\nform of bot. In that case, complex predicates with bo are not\nSVCs. \n[^83]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin. Toni can also mean ‘say; think’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvctoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvctoni\">14.2.3</a>), so many of the corpus\ninstances of toni followed by a verb that is not marked with\n=kin are ambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’\nreading. \n[^84]: In examples like this, I do not know whether the volitional\nmarker refers to the third person plural subject or to the subject\nof the matrix clause. \n[^85]: Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the\nuse of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only\noccurs on pronouns). \n[^86]: The iamitive can co-occur with the progressive, the iamitive can\nco-occur with the completive, the nondum can co-occur with the\nprogressive and the nondum can co-occur with the completive. The\niamitive and nondum cannot co-occur with each other. The progressive\nand completive cannot co-occur with each other either. \n[^87]: Similar to English ‘yet’. \n[^88]: There is not currently enough data to determine whether the\nposition in the clause has an effect on the scope of the modal\nmarkers. Also, the exact word class of these markers remains\nunclear. Most of them are verb-like (and three of them are borrowed\nfrom Malay verbs), but again, data is too scarce to make a coherent\nproposal, and hence they are just discussed as ‘modal markers’ here. \n[^89]: Suka is likely a nominalised verb or a noun, and hence examples\nwith suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> could be paraphrased as ‘is not\nof subject’s liking’. \n[^90]: Compare Papuan Malay jadi as a sentence-final particle that\nindicates the reason for the sentence, according to . \n[^91]: suggest that temporal-anaphoric adverbs are often diachronic\nsources of apprehensive markers. This also seems to be the case for\nKalamang mena ‘later; otherwise; in case’, which corresponds to\nlocal Malay nanti ‘later’, also used in precautionary\nconstructions . \n[^92]: for the similarities between conditionals and topics see . \n[^93]: As well as into copulas and definite markers . \n[^94]: mention demonstratives as sources for fillers to deal with\nword-formation trouble, but I have only observed me functioning as\na filler between clauses (see\nalso§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a> for placeholder neba). \n[^95]: An adapted version of this section, with focus on the structure\nof The money-defecating cow, will appear in . \n[^96]: There are more indications the latter is the case, e.g. speakers\nasking others for names of protagonists (narr20), giving their names\nat the end of the story (narr28) or supplying background information\n(switching to Malay) after the start of the story (narr18). The only\nstory that was recorded twice, once in Kalamang for the camera and\nan audience of one (besides the linguist) and once in Papuan Malay\nbefore a class of school children, has more background information\nin the second version. This may be due to practice, but it may also\nbe an adaptation to the audience. Alternatively, names and other\ndetails I consider to be ‘background information’ are not deemed\nimportant by the Kalamang storytellers whose narratives were\nanalysed here. \n[^97]: There are more rock formations that are thought to be boat or\nship wrecks, sometimes from as recently as the Second World War.\nSimilar explanations for geographical features in other societies in\neastern Indonesia are given in . Pannell writes that one of her\ninformants noted that “all places which have a name, have a person\nand a history associated with them”. This is the case for Kalamang\nas well, judging from some descriptive coastal place names on the\nbig Karas island, such as Grandmother’s Cape, Women’s Foothill,\nButon Fish House Cape. \n[^98]: I have the impression that this is more used towards outsiders\nwith passive knowledge of Kalamang (such as frequent visitors to the\nisland, or myself) than between Kalamang speakers themselves. There\nare no examples of it in the corpus. \n[^99]: There are three reasons yor is not analysed as meaning ‘yes’.\nFirst, an affirmative answer to a yes/no question is not typically\ngiven with yor but with a repetition of the subject and the verb.\nSecond, Kalamang speakers translate it into Papuan Malay as betul\n‘true’, not as (i)ya ‘yes’. Third, diachronically yor also seems\nto mean ‘true’ or ‘right’. It is used in words and expressions like\nkabor se yor-tayun ‘pregnant’ (lit. ‘stomach already yor-side’)\nand yorsik ‘straight’. \n[^100]: Such obscured or polite forms may also be made in other ways.\nAnother obscured/polite word for sugar or rice is muap iriskap,\nlit. ‘white food’, and another obscured/polite word for pitis\n‘money’ is lolok ‘leaf’. \n[^101]: Archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC6-C>. This text\nserves as an example. Five other glossed and translated texts are\npublished as . ELAN and XML files with glosses and translations are\navailable for all texts in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^102]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFE-F>. \n[^103]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^104]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BEC-7>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:compl\" label=\"sec:compl\"></span> The combination of\npredicate linker =i and the verb koyet ‘to be finished’ expresses\ncompletive aspect. The construction is part of a complex predicate also\ndescribed in §<a href=\"#sec:ikoyetsvc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ikoyetsvc\">[sec:ikoyetsvc]</a>. Completive =i\nkoyet is only used to link one action to another, and is therefore\noften best translated as ‘after’. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:tailhead\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:tailhead\">[sec:tailhead]</a>.\n(<a href=\"#exe:lemarat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lemarat\">[exe:lemarat]</a>) is taken from a\nnarrative about building a house, and illustrates a typical string of\nactions linked by =i koyet. \nLemarat paruoni koyet metko komangganggowet. Salat diran, sal rani\nkoyet, eba metko komangganggowet. Komangganggowi koyet, eba pi koi\nparararunat diraret.\nlemat=at paruon=i koyet metko komanggangguop=et sal=at di=ran\nsal ran=i koyet eba metko komanggangguop=et komanggangguop=i\nkoyet eba pi koi pararar-un=at di=rat=et\nbamboo_string=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nput_on_roof=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nroof_wood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move roof_wood\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish then there\nput_on_roof=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nput_on_roof=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> again\nfloor-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=go=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After making string, \\[we\\] put on the roof. Installing the roof wood,\nafter installing the roof wood, then we put on the roof. After putting\non the roof, then we install the floor again.’ <span id=\"exe:lemarat\"\nlabel=\"exe:lemarat\"></span> \nThe construction Verb-i koyet can also be a quantifying expression\nmeaning ‘all; until finished’, as described in\n§<a href=\"#ch:quant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:quant\">[ch:quant]</a>. Completive aspect typically\nexpresses that a totality of referents is affected, which is close in\nmeaning to the quantifying use of -i koyet. However, like other\nlanguages in East Indonesia, the completive is used also when an actor\ndeliberately ends an event .\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:lemarat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lemarat\">[exe:lemarat]</a>), there are clear agents,\nbut one could argue that a totality of referents is affected (all the\nroof wood is installed, the whole roof is closed).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:neweri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:neweri\">[exe:neweri]</a>), however, the referent is\nfirewood, and not all the firewood is bought, and neither is it probable\nthat all the money was spent. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme ma kai=at jien=i koyet=ta me newer=i koyet kusukusu\ntoni pier koi bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nfirewood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nbuy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\npay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish cuscus say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span> again\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After she bought firewood and paid, the cuscus said: “Shall we go?”’\n<span id=\"exe:neweri\" label=\"exe:neweri\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Sara is affected by kaman-disease, her lips are sore.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Sara kaman mat paruo bolun patiwatin.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Sara kaman mat paruo bolun patiwatin.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Maps", "Header 2": null, "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"ch:maps\" label=\"ch:maps\"></span>\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnarrnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">23.1</a> displays those names\nmentioned in the traditional narratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>).\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnames\">23.2</a> shows all recorded coastal\nnames of the big Karas island, and a few additional place names. For a\nbigger version, zoom in on the digital version of this page, or download\nthe map from the Kalamang archive.[^104] \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names_narratives.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Place names of Karas mentioned in traditional\nnarratives</figcaption>\n</figure> \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Coastal place names of Karas</figcaption>\n</figure> \n[^1]: Data taken from the 2018 and 2019 publications of Statistik Daerah\nKabupaten Fakfak \\[Statistics Fakfak Regency Area\\], published by\nthe Badan Pusat Statistik Daerah Fakfak \\[Central Bureau of\nStatistics Fakfak Area\\]. Publications can be found at\n<https://fakfakkab.bps.go.id/publication.html>. \n[^2]: This map seems to be an unpublished draft, but is for example used\nin . \n[^3]: (Sub)grouping in this paragraph according to Glottolog. \n[^4]: Data on the map (series 1501, sheet SA 53-13, edition 1) comes\nfrom the years 1956-1960. \n[^5]: Archived at <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF4-4> \n[^6]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFB-1> \n[^7]: Recordings of prayers can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF7-4>,\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D> and\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6>. Picture\nmaterial of shared meals is available at the last two links. \n[^8]: These comprise the water in Sebakor Bay, extending southwards at\nleast as far as Kitikiti waterfall (3°50’25.7\"S 132°47’57.5\"E). I do\nnot know if the waters west of the biggest Karas island belong to\nKaras district, or if the water is divided between the\nKalamang-speaking and Uruangnirin-speaking communities. \n[^9]: Of whom at least one has passed away since. \n[^10]: This was operationalised in Indonesian as lancar; yang tahu\nbahasa bagus sekali and kurang lancar; yang masih pikir-pikir. \n[^11]: While there is obviously a cline in proficiency from fluent to\nnon-fluent to minimal, it was no matter of discussion for my two\nconsultants whom to include as fluent and non-fluent speakers, and\nwhom to exclude from the speaker count. \n[^12]: The only instance where I have noticed people showing off with\nKalamang is when in public places in Fakfak with me, but it is used\nto trick others into believing that they are speaking English with\nme. \n[^13]: Kapaur in . \n[^14]: Patimuni in . In other sources spelled as Bah(a)am or Mbahaam. \n[^15]: explain well how the descriptive linguist both informs and is\ninformed by typology and formal linguistics. I can only hope I have\nstruck the right balance. \n[^16]: Audio recordings for phonetic analysis and of paradigms, made in\n2015, contain the voices of four other (partial) speakers. Their\nmetadata can be found in the corpus. \n[^17]: Other people to whom gifts were extended are my hosts in Fakfak\nand Mas, the village head of Mas, my local aunts, uncles and\ngrandmother, and other people with whom I maintained a personal\nrelationship. \n[^18]: The corpus, called The Kalamang collection: an archive of\nlinguistic and cultural material from Karas can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^19]: A fifth field trip was planned for 2020 but had to be cancelled\ndue to COVID-19. Luckily, I had enough data to finish the current\nstudy. Things that I had planned for the last field trip included\ndouble-checking the transcriptions of recordings made in 2019,\ndouble-checking all the examples used in this study, double-checking\nsome lemmas in the dictionary, collecting more pictures for the\ndictionary, recording audio samples of all lemmas, collecting\nrecordings of more genres (such as making offerings, ghost stories,\nand action camera recordings of people in their gardens and loading\na canoe), collecting supplementary grammaticality judgements on\nvarious topics (such as the apprehensive construction, classifiers,\npossessive constructions, prosody, quantifiers and reflexives) and\ncarrying out ethnobotanic/linguistic fieldwork in collaboration with\nan MA student in ethnobotany. \n[^20]: A breath group is what the speaker manages to say between two\nbreaths, and is a convenient way to divide utterances. This division\nwas not strictly followed. Sometimes people would pause without\nbreathing – for example at the end of a non-final clause. Some\nspeakers had a habit of uttering very long stretches of speech,\nseemingly without breathing. These stretches were divided wherever\nit seemed practical to do so during the transcription. \n[^21]: Transcribed recordings are archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^22]: Annotated elicited data is archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A>. \n[^23]: While I do think that there are differences in style and\nnaturalness between the three categories stimulus-based, narrative\nand conversations, I have not actually investigated this. Also, the\ncategories are not clear-cut. The stimulus-based recordings\nobviously can be narratives or conversations, conversations may\ncontain stretches of narrative, narratives may contain a short\nconversation with a passer-by, etc. This classification is just one\nway to give the reader at least some degree of context when reading\nan example. \n[^24]: Defined in as “connected naturally occurring utterance\\[s\\]”. \n[^25]: Some of it can be found in the conversations between Fajaria\nYarkuran and Nurmia Yarkuran (conv9–11, conv13–16), which are\ninterrupted by children entering the room. Some speakers also\naddress the linguist in an opening and a closing of a narrative in\nPapuan Malay (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>). Note that code switching\nbetween Kalamang and Papuan Malay without a change of audience,\ntypically for just a few words at a time, is very common and occurs\nin all recordings. \n[^26]: One song, Loflof, can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF9-5>, and the\nnarratives narr18 and narr19 contain short songs. The ritual chant\ntenggelele can be found in conv8. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:formula\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:formula\">[sec:formula]</a>. \n[^27]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^28]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^29]: These can currently be found at\n<https://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/representations/gloss/index.php?open=../../../../../includes/gramm_category_labels.inc>. \n[^30]: According to . I do not have access to the original report. \n[^31]: In fact, if one takes into account the WALS features and\nlanguages, the Papuan languages do not stand apart from the rest of\nthe world’s languages at all . \n[^32]: : “\\[W\\]e define East Nusantara as a geographical area that\nextends from Sumbawa to the west, across the islands of East Nusa\nTenggara, Maluku including Halmahera, and to the Bird’s Head of New\nGuinea in the east \\[...\\]. In the northwest, the area is bounded by\nSulawesi.” \n[^33]: Melanesia, based on the features considered in , “begins in the\narea of Flores-Sumba-Timor, reaches through New Guinea and into the\nBismarck Archipelago, and concludes in Vanuatu-New Caledonia”\n(p.122). Linguistic Wallacea is similar to East Nusantara.\nLinguistic Wallacea differs from Biological Wallacea in that the\nformer does not include Sulawesi and the latter does not include any\nparts of New Guinea. \n[^34]: Voiced stops do not occur syllable-finally, also not as\nunderlying phonemes. The voiceless stops that are syllable-final are\nso also underlyingly. \n[^35]: As counted in April 2019. \n[^36]: Timothy Usher (p.c.) suggests that this is the case because it\nderives historically from a longer form \\kinV. \n[^37]: Note that this is an intonational* pitch accent, not to be\nconfounded with lexical tones. \n[^38]: I checked 96 Papuan grammars and grammar sketches in 2018. Of\nthese, 29 make some mention of intonation, ranging from a brief\nmention in the chapter on discourse structuring to a number or arrow\nsystem to describe intonation created by the author of the grammar.\nOf these 29, only five grammars include pitch contours. Of those\nfive, only three have pitch contours generated with help of\nsoftware. Those three languages are described here. For the other\ntwo languages, Mauwake and Menggwa Dla, only hand-drawn pitch\ncontours without alignment or a Hz scale are available. The\ndescription of prosody in Qaqet came to my attention in 2020 and was\nadded subsequently. \n[^39]: There are other comparative data that may give a clue to the\norigin of /t/ and /n/. The West Bomberai language Iha has the\n(singular patient) -ny and (plural patient) -te conjugations in\nsome verbs , and the East Timorese language Fataluku has the same\nsubject clitic =n(u) and different subject =t(u) . Although\nKalamang has no synchronic number marking for patients or\nswitch-reference marking, the phonemes /t/ and /n/ may be remnants\nof something similar. \n[^40]: The forms wat and met are underlyingly or diachronically\nwa=at ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span>’ and me=at\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=obj</span>’ (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), respectively, and cannot be\ncompared to a verb such as bo ‘to go’, which has two uninflected\nforms: bo and bot. \n[^41]: Note also that there are instances where there has been an\nobvious loss of prenasalisation between vowels – for example, in the\nnumerals /kodak/ ‘just one’ and /kodaet/ ‘one more’. These are\ndiachronically /kon/ + /tak/ and /kon/ + /taet/, respectively. It is\nlikely that these forms originally were \\[kondak̚\\] and \\[kondaet̚\\]\n(nasal assimilation, §<a href=\"#sec:assim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:assim\">[sec:assim]</a>), which were reanalysed\nas monomorphemic words before the nasal was removed for some reason.\nOtherwise, we would expect \\[korak̚\\] and \\[koraet̚\\] (lenition of\nintervocalic stops, §<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). \n[^42]: I started a test where I let different speakers transcribe the\nsame 11 sentences from corpus recordings, to see how they would\nsegment units. I did not do the test with more than two speakers,\nhowever, because I realised there was a lack of good speakers who\ncould write clearly enough to determine segments. Although most\nKalamang speakers are literate, many of them are not experienced or\nfluent writers. \n[^43]: Except for verbs in the imperative mood, which distinguish\nbetween singular and plural subjects\n(§<a href=\"#sec:verbdistr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbdistr\">[sec:verbdistr]</a>). \n[^44]: Note the similarity of this suffix with the last part of the\npronominal suffix -autak ‘alone’,\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>, and the last part of\nreidak ‘many’,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:inreidak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inreidak\">[exe:inreidak]</a>. \n[^45]: These are analysed as postpositions, not case markers, because of\nthe domain of attachment (the NP, not the noun), a lack of agreement\nor declension paradigms, and because the forms are almost mutually\nexclusive. The author has no strong preference for either analysis,\nand encourages the reader to replace “postposition” with “case\nmarker” in their mind if they wish. \n[^46]: See and for a definition of and information about the categories\niamitive and nondum, respectively. \n[^47]: A sixth root, teit- ‘neighbour’, was elicited as inalienable\nbut does not occur in the natural spoken corpus. \n[^48]: Several data points suggest a link between agentive nominaliser\n-et and a more general “animator”. Many animal names, especially\nthose for insects, end in -et or -let (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:letet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:letet\">48</a>). This is not a productive suffix\non animal names, and there is no proof of a diachronic relation with\nthe agentive nominaliser -et. However, note also the animate\nclassifier et- (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). A speculative relation\ncould be made between donenet ‘black ant’ and -nenen ‘body hair’\n(‘that which is hairy’), and between kalabet ‘earth worm’ and\nkalawen ‘soft’ (‘that which is soft’). Kedederet ‘k.o. bird’\ncould be derived from an onomatopoeion. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndonenet ‘black ant’ kalabet ‘earth worm’ kalkalet ‘mosquito’\nkapapet ‘glassy sweeper (k.o. fish)’ kedederet ‘k.o. small black\nbird’ pabalet ‘fly’ pueselet ‘spider’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:letet\" label=\"exe:letet\"></span> \n</div> \n[^49]: The general associative marker =kin is used to make similar\nconstructions to these. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>. \n[^50]: Japanese and Korean have similar phenomena, where quantifiers can\nbe both inside and outside the NP . \n[^51]: Contra the preliminary analysis of the Kalamang pronominal system\nin , clusivity is a well-established distinction in Kalamang. \n[^52]: This observation is impressionistic. It is based on a corpus\nsearch for pronouns with a suffixed numeral. A confounding factor is\nthat lower numerals are more common than higher numerals. \n[^53]: This is parallel to the local Malay, where mama tua and bapak\ntua are father or mother’s older sister and brother, respectively.\nA parent’s younger sister can be called (mama) ci, but I am not\naware of a corresponding term for men in use on Karas. \n[^54]: Using the established abbreviations for kinship terms: e = elder,\ny = younger, F = father, M = mother, B = brother, Z = sister, S =\nson, D = daughter, H = husband, W = wife. I.e. FeZ means ‘father’s\nelder sister’. \n[^55]: In other words, lineal kin of both two generations up and two\ngenerations down from ego is referred to as tara- \n[^56]: Polygamy is legal in Indonesia but not currently practiced on\nKaras. \n[^57]: Anak piara in local Malay. The parents of such a child are\ntypically alive and capable of taking care of children, and are in\ncontact with the child they have fostered out. This may be a\npractice that takes care of individuals or families that do not or\ncannot have children themselves, while at the same time lifting the\nburden from families with many children. \n[^58]: 7 = 6 + 1 is found in several languages of the area, among which\nare the Aru languages, Onin, Sekar and Uruangnirin . \n[^59]: There might be an intonational difference, but this was not\ntested for. \n[^60]: The West Bomberai language Mbaham has a word muur ‘branch’ and\na transport classifier mu- , and Iha has a classifier mur for\nboats, ‘motor’ and branches (Katherine Walker, p.c.). \n[^61]: While I elicited negative grammaticality judgments for mir-\nwith, for example, other modes of transport or other things made of\nwood, I have not had the chance to test pel- in combination with\nnouns other than ‘banana’. In other words, the status of pel- as a\nunique classifier is based on its lack of appearance in combination\nwith nouns other than ‘banana’ in the current corpus. \n[^62]: maybe tau ‘?’ + eir ‘two’, although ‘two sides’ is tawirir \n[^63]: These are pendapat ‘opinion’ (Malay loan), toman ‘bag’, hak\n‘right’ (Malay loan), kewe ‘house’, asal ‘origin’ (Malay loan)\nand guru ‘teacher’ (Malay loan). A reason that many of these are\nMalay loans might be that possessive constructions in Papuan Malay\nare made with a periphrastic construction (possessor + ‘have’ +\npossessum), which might trigger the use of a possessive pronoun\ninstead of a suffix in Kalamang. In any case, the number of\noccurrences of these words is so low in comparison to those of esa\n‘father’ and ema ‘mother’ that we will not consider them any\nfurther. \n[^64]: There is no restriction against a possessive suffix on a noun\nending in /a/, cf. nika-an ‘my fishing line’. \n[^65]: Compare also tamandi ‘how’, apparently formed with the question\nword root tama and the suffix -ndi. \n[^66]: Karas is spoken on a limestone island that rises out of the sea.\nBoth villages, Mas and Antalisa, are built on a strip of beach and\nthe adjacent slopes. \n[^67]: Note that the phonemes -n and -t (~ -d ~ -r) also occur\non demonstratives and question words, and pose a morphophonological\nproblem that is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>. \n[^68]: Other predicate enclitics, such as non-final =te and =ta or\nprogressive =teba, do not trigger the insertion of -t or -n. \n[^69]: The fact that the form with -n does not carry y- and vice\nversa may be related to them having different stress patterns:\nˈyecie vs eˈcien. All “uninflected” verbs with -n carry stress\non the last syllable, even if the verb without -n carries stress\non the first (e.g. ˈpotma vs potˈman ‘to cut’, ˈparuo vs\npaˈruon ‘to do’, ˈosie vs oˈsien) but yecie is the only one\nwith a difference in initial vowel. Syllable weight does not\nnormally play a role in stress assignment in Kalamang (as described\nin§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>). \n[^70]: Exceptions are gocie ‘to live’ and yecie ‘to return’, but\nbecause these have different semantics I have not listed them here.\nNote, however, that -cie in gocie may also be a morpheme, as\ngo means ‘place’. Those counterparts in -cie marked with an\nasterisk in the table were rejected in elicitation; the gaps remain\nto be tested. \n[^71]: A distinction between na in the meaning ‘to drink’ and in the\nmeaning ‘to eat’ was made to make the dataset comparable with other\nlanguages. Na ‘to eat’ was very unlikely to incorporate. For\ndetails, see . \n[^72]: This is why some reduplications are glossed as\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>’, instead of forcing a specific\nreading on them. \n[^73]: Four words in the lexicon might contain a fossilised prefix\nun-. These are unmasir ‘to give birth’ (cf, masir ‘to weed’),\nunkoryap ‘to divide’ (cf. koryap ‘to divide’, yap ‘to\ndivide’), unkawer ‘body fat’ (kawer not attested) and unsor\n‘orange-spotted trevally’ (cf. sor ‘fish’). \n[^74]: This construction was elicited with a picture of child washing\nits own hair, which was contrasted with a picture of a mother\nbathing a child. Showing the picture was accompanied by a request\nfor a translation of Malay anak mandi diri ‘the child bathes\nitself’ and saya mandi diri ‘I bathe myself’. \n[^75]: The translational equivalent of two applicatives and three\npromoted arguments is not entirely clear and therefore given with a\nquestion mark. \n[^76]: Other languages with a zero morpheme for ‘give’ are the Gum\nlanguages of Papua New Guinea, notably , and , a Muskogean language\n. \n[^77]: For comparative constructions, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:compcon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compcon\">[sec:compcon]</a>. \n[^78]: This is reminiscent of languages such as Candoshi (isolate,\nPeru), which describes colours with terms that translate as ‘like\nthe feathers of a Milvago bird’ . For Candoshi, it is claimed that\nthese terms only have secondary use as colour terms, and that the\nlanguage therefore does not really have colour terms. An overarching\nword ‘colour’ is also lacking. Although the latter is the case for\nKalamang as well, and Kalamang colour terms are clearly derived\nterms, the words mentioned here are used primarily as colour terms.\nPeople backtranslate baranggap as ‘yellow’, for example, and not\nas ‘like turmeric’. \n[^79]: The relation between aspect and universal quantification is\ndiscussed for Timor-Alor languages in . See also : “Completives\ndiffer from finish semantics in that the endpoint of the event is\nnot reached by some actor wilfully ending it, but because a totality\nof referents is affected”. In\n§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>, I argue that Kalamang\n=i koyet does both. \n[^80]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin (§<a href=\"#sec:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kin\">[sec:kin]</a>). The corpus instances of\ntoni followed by a verb that is not marked with =kin are\nambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’ reading. \n[^81]: This is a morphosyntactic definition for a morphosyntactic\nphenomenon. Often-used criteria such as intonation and event\nstructure (in e.g. ) are argued to be hard to falsify and to follow\nfrom a morphosyntactic definition (e.g. ). \n[^82]: Alternatively, it could be argued that bo is an independent\nform of bot. In that case, complex predicates with bo are not\nSVCs. \n[^83]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin. Toni can also mean ‘say; think’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvctoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvctoni\">14.2.3</a>), so many of the corpus\ninstances of toni followed by a verb that is not marked with\n=kin are ambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’\nreading. \n[^84]: In examples like this, I do not know whether the volitional\nmarker refers to the third person plural subject or to the subject\nof the matrix clause. \n[^85]: Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the\nuse of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only\noccurs on pronouns). \n[^86]: The iamitive can co-occur with the progressive, the iamitive can\nco-occur with the completive, the nondum can co-occur with the\nprogressive and the nondum can co-occur with the completive. The\niamitive and nondum cannot co-occur with each other. The progressive\nand completive cannot co-occur with each other either. \n[^87]: Similar to English ‘yet’. \n[^88]: There is not currently enough data to determine whether the\nposition in the clause has an effect on the scope of the modal\nmarkers. Also, the exact word class of these markers remains\nunclear. Most of them are verb-like (and three of them are borrowed\nfrom Malay verbs), but again, data is too scarce to make a coherent\nproposal, and hence they are just discussed as ‘modal markers’ here. \n[^89]: Suka is likely a nominalised verb or a noun, and hence examples\nwith suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> could be paraphrased as ‘is not\nof subject’s liking’. \n[^90]: Compare Papuan Malay jadi as a sentence-final particle that\nindicates the reason for the sentence, according to . \n[^91]: suggest that temporal-anaphoric adverbs are often diachronic\nsources of apprehensive markers. This also seems to be the case for\nKalamang mena ‘later; otherwise; in case’, which corresponds to\nlocal Malay nanti ‘later’, also used in precautionary\nconstructions . \n[^92]: for the similarities between conditionals and topics see . \n[^93]: As well as into copulas and definite markers . \n[^94]: mention demonstratives as sources for fillers to deal with\nword-formation trouble, but I have only observed me functioning as\na filler between clauses (see\nalso§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a> for placeholder neba). \n[^95]: An adapted version of this section, with focus on the structure\nof The money-defecating cow, will appear in . \n[^96]: There are more indications the latter is the case, e.g. speakers\nasking others for names of protagonists (narr20), giving their names\nat the end of the story (narr28) or supplying background information\n(switching to Malay) after the start of the story (narr18). The only\nstory that was recorded twice, once in Kalamang for the camera and\nan audience of one (besides the linguist) and once in Papuan Malay\nbefore a class of school children, has more background information\nin the second version. This may be due to practice, but it may also\nbe an adaptation to the audience. Alternatively, names and other\ndetails I consider to be ‘background information’ are not deemed\nimportant by the Kalamang storytellers whose narratives were\nanalysed here. \n[^97]: There are more rock formations that are thought to be boat or\nship wrecks, sometimes from as recently as the Second World War.\nSimilar explanations for geographical features in other societies in\neastern Indonesia are given in . Pannell writes that one of her\ninformants noted that “all places which have a name, have a person\nand a history associated with them”. This is the case for Kalamang\nas well, judging from some descriptive coastal place names on the\nbig Karas island, such as Grandmother’s Cape, Women’s Foothill,\nButon Fish House Cape. \n[^98]: I have the impression that this is more used towards outsiders\nwith passive knowledge of Kalamang (such as frequent visitors to the\nisland, or myself) than between Kalamang speakers themselves. There\nare no examples of it in the corpus. \n[^99]: There are three reasons yor is not analysed as meaning ‘yes’.\nFirst, an affirmative answer to a yes/no question is not typically\ngiven with yor but with a repetition of the subject and the verb.\nSecond, Kalamang speakers translate it into Papuan Malay as betul\n‘true’, not as (i)ya ‘yes’. Third, diachronically yor also seems\nto mean ‘true’ or ‘right’. It is used in words and expressions like\nkabor se yor-tayun ‘pregnant’ (lit. ‘stomach already yor-side’)\nand yorsik ‘straight’. \n[^100]: Such obscured or polite forms may also be made in other ways.\nAnother obscured/polite word for sugar or rice is muap iriskap,\nlit. ‘white food’, and another obscured/polite word for pitis\n‘money’ is lolok ‘leaf’. \n[^101]: Archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC6-C>. This text\nserves as an example. Five other glossed and translated texts are\npublished as . ELAN and XML files with glosses and translations are\navailable for all texts in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^102]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFE-F>. \n[^103]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^104]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BEC-7>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Mood, aspect and modality marking", "Header 3": "Aspect", "Header 4": "Completive =i koyet ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish’" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:compl\" label=\"sec:compl\"></span> The combination of\npredicate linker =i and the verb koyet ‘to be finished’ expresses\ncompletive aspect. The construction is part of a complex predicate also\ndescribed in §<a href=\"#sec:ikoyetsvc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ikoyetsvc\">[sec:ikoyetsvc]</a>. Completive =i\nkoyet is only used to link one action to another, and is therefore\noften best translated as ‘after’. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:tailhead\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:tailhead\">[sec:tailhead]</a>.\n(<a href=\"#exe:lemarat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lemarat\">[exe:lemarat]</a>) is taken from a\nnarrative about building a house, and illustrates a typical string of\nactions linked by =i koyet. \nLemarat paruoni koyet metko komangganggowet. Salat diran, sal rani\nkoyet, eba metko komangganggowet. Komangganggowi koyet, eba pi koi\nparararunat diraret.\nlemat=at paruon=i koyet metko komanggangguop=et sal=at di=ran\nsal ran=i koyet eba metko komanggangguop=et komanggangguop=i\nkoyet eba pi koi pararar-un=at di=rat=et\nbamboo_string=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nput_on_roof=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nroof_wood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move roof_wood\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish then there\nput_on_roof=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nput_on_roof=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> again\nfloor-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=go=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After making string, \\[we\\] put on the roof. Installing the roof wood,\nafter installing the roof wood, then we put on the roof. After putting\non the roof, then we install the floor again.’ <span id=\"exe:lemarat\"\nlabel=\"exe:lemarat\"></span> \nThe construction Verb-i koyet can also be a quantifying expression\nmeaning ‘all; until finished’, as described in\n§<a href=\"#ch:quant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:quant\">[ch:quant]</a>. Completive aspect typically\nexpresses that a totality of referents is affected, which is close in\nmeaning to the quantifying use of -i koyet. However, like other\nlanguages in East Indonesia, the completive is used also when an actor\ndeliberately ends an event .\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:lemarat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lemarat\">[exe:lemarat]</a>), there are clear agents,\nbut one could argue that a totality of referents is affected (all the\nroof wood is installed, the whole roof is closed).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:neweri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:neweri\">[exe:neweri]</a>), however, the referent is\nfirewood, and not all the firewood is bought, and neither is it probable\nthat all the money was spent. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme ma kai=at jien=i koyet=ta me newer=i koyet kusukusu\ntoni pier koi bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nfirewood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nbuy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\npay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish cuscus say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span> again\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After she bought firewood and paid, the cuscus said: “Shall we go?”’\n<span id=\"exe:neweri\" label=\"exe:neweri\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 22, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Sara is affected by kaman-disease, her lips are sore.", "split": "train" }
Binkur esun me sadawaun se kawarcie.	Binkur's father's machete broke.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Binkur's father's machete broke.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Binkur\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: wheat flour\nKalamang translation: tapong\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Binkur\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pour\nKalamang translation: gareor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: grandfather\nKalamang translation: tara esnem; tata; tete; esnem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: father\nKalamang translation: esa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"machete\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: machine noise\nKalamang translation: nu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"machete\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: machete\nKalamang translation: sadawak; sedawak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"broke\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: broken branch\nKalamang translation: sanggoyie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"broke\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: broken\nKalamang translation: kararcie; salaboung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Binkur\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father neckbone hurts.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun komanggasirun ning.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Binkur\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father sits smoking.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun melalu tabaikosom deba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's father hit and wounded his toenail.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun kor tanggalip dukta patin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Onin's father and family break down their house's roof.\nKalamang translation: Onin esun mu keweun sengunara maorek.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"machete\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My machete is blunt.\nKalamang translation: An sadawan yuwa me karaonggis.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"machete\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor's machete is sharp.\nKalamang translation: Mayor sadawaun me kang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"broke\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Kalamang broke his fast, he isn't fasting.\nKalamang translation: Kalamang me nasek ma tolasnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"broke\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The cannonball tree broke and flew away.\nKalamang translation: Kai taul me parairte lele.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:ntverbs\" label=\"sec:ntverbs\"></span> Irregular verbs,\nintroduced in §<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a> and\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcverb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcverb\">[sec:wcverb]</a>, have a variable root in a\nvowel, -n or -t. This variation is apparent when the roots are\ninflected with mood enclitics, negator =nin or predicate linker =i,\nand from variation in the uninflected root. Two subgroups of this\ncategory can be defined by a combination of formal and semantic\ncriteria: transitive/intransitive verb pairs in -ma and -cie\n(§<a href=\"#sec:macie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:macie\">[sec:macie]</a>) and directional verbs\n(§<a href=\"#sec:dir\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:dir\">[sec:dir]</a>). \nA sizeable minority of Kalamang verbs, 185 out of 650 in the corpus, are\nvowel-final. Of these 185, 71 are irregular. Depending on which enclitic\nthe verb is combined with, the root ends in either of the consonants.\nUninflected verbs of this class may be vowel-final or carry -n,\napparently without a difference in meaning (hence my description of them\nas “uninflected”). It is unclear why some vowel-final verbs fall in this\nclass, while others do not. In other words, membership of this verb\nclass cannot be predicted.[^67] \nWithin this class of verbs with a variable root ending are a few\npatterns. All verbs ending in -ma transitive and -cie intransitive\n(described in §<a href=\"#sec:macie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:macie\">[sec:macie]</a>) and all directional verbs\n(described in §<a href=\"#sec:dir\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:dir\">[sec:dir]</a>) are irregular. In addition, most\nverbs ending in-a, -ie and -uo are irregular. \nMost irregular verbs behave as follows (as illustrated with paruo ‘do’\nin Table<a href=\"#tab:ntshort\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:ntshort\">12.2</a>). When inflected with irrealis\n=kin, negator =nin, prohibitive =in or irrealis marker =et, the\nroot ends in -t. When inflected with predicate linker =i, =taet\n‘more; again’ or attributive =ten, the root ends in -n.[^68] An\nuninflected verb may be vowel-final or carry -n. Imperative forms are\nvowel-final, and if the root ends in a diphthong, the last vowel is cut\noff. Depalatalisation of /c/ to /t/ may also occur. Thus, taruo ‘to\nsay’ has imperative form taru, and gocie ‘to stay’ has imperative\nform goti. \n<div id=\"tab:ntshort\"> \n\| \| ‘do’ \| ‘consume’ \| ‘go’ \| ‘see’ \|\n\|:------------------------------------------\|:-----------------------------------------------------\|:---------------------------------------------------\|:--------------------------------------------------\|:----------------------------------------------------\|\n\| uninflected \| paruo \| na \| \| kome \|\n\| “uninflected” \| paruo<span style=\"color: lsMidDarkBlue\">n</span> \| na<span style=\"color: lsMidDarkBlue\">n</span> \| bo<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span> \| kome<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span> \|\n\| =i <span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> \| paruo<span style=\"color: lsMidDarkBlue\">n</span>=i \| na<span style=\"color: lsMidDarkBlue\">n</span>=i \| bo=i \| kome=i \|\n\| =et <span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> \| paruo<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=et \| na<span style=\"color: lsMidDarkBlue\">n</span>=et \| bo=et \| kome<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=et \|\n\| =kin <span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span> \| paruo<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=kin \| na<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=kin \| bo<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=kin \| kome<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=kin \|\n\| =nin <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> \| paruo<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=nin \| na<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=nin \| bo<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=nin \| kome<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=nin \|\n\| =in <span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span> \| paruo<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=in! \| na=in! \| bo=in! \| kome<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=in! \|\n\| imperative \| paru \| na \| bo=te \| kome=te \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \| \nBehaviour of irregular verbs \n</div> \nNot all irregular verbs behave exactly the same.\nTable<a href=\"#tab:ntshort\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:ntshort\">12.2</a> gives the four attested patterns.\nMost irregular verbs behave like paruo ‘to do’. Three verbs within the\nirregular class, all highly frequent, show deviant behaviour. Na\n‘consume’ ends in -n instead of -t when irrealis =et is attached.\nBo ‘go’ never ends in -n. When this verb is uninflected, it must\ncarry -t and when inflected with predicate linker =i or irrealis\n=et, neither -n nor -t is allowed. Bo carries the imperative\nenclitic =te like regular verbs. Kome ‘to see; to look’ can be\neither kome or komet when uninflected, but not komen. When\ncarrying =i, neither -n nor -t is allowed. Its imperative form is\nwith =te. For more examples, see\nTable<a href=\"#tab:ntverbs\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:ntverbs\">[tab:ntverbs]</a>. \nThere is no clear rule as to when a specific verb occurs with or without\nthe final -n when it is otherwise uninflected. The number of\noccurrences in the corpus for three frequent irregular verbs with and\nwithout final -n are given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:n\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:n\">12.3</a>. \n<div id=\"tab:n\"> \n\| \| without -n \| with -n \|\n\|:-----------------\|:-------------\|:----------\|\n\| mia ‘come’ \| 129 \| 40 \|\n\| potma ‘cut’ \| 41 \| 14 \|\n\| yecie ‘return’ \| 100 \| 12 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nFrequencies for common irregular verbs with and without -n \n</div> \nAlthough there is a higher frequency of all verbs without -n, there is\nno environment where either of the two is inappropriate. Forms with and\nwithout -n are found with all persons, in simplex and complex\npredicates, following iamitive se, koi ‘again’, lative =ka and\ncomitative =bon, and in both same-subject and different-subject\ncontexts. Transitive verbs like potma are found with and without final\n-n in both transitive and intransitive constructions. \n(<a href=\"#exe:kieri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kieri\">[exe:kieri]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:koinani\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:koinani\">[exe:koinani]</a>) show ecien and\nyecie[^69] in very similar environments: both describe the actions of\na third person in a narrative, both follow the iamitive he, and both\nconclude a paragraph in the narrative where different actions were\nlisted. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkiet=i koyet ma se ecien\ndefecate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn\n‘After defecating, he returned.’ <span id=\"exe:kieri\"\nlabel=\"exe:kieri\"></span> Tat owandi koi melelu nan=i koyet ma se\nyecie\nTat like_over_there then sit consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> return\n‘After sitting and eating at a place like Tat over there, he returned.’\n<span id=\"exe:koinani\" label=\"exe:koinani\"></span> \n</div> \nThe irregular verb bo ‘go’ has only one uninflected form: bot. The\nform bo is reserved for complex predicates where bo ‘go’ is the\nfirst verb. In an intransitive clause without another verb, bo cannot\nbe used. The difference between a complex predicate with bo in the\nfirst position and bot in the last position is shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:luisbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:luisbon\">[exe:luisbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tamisenggabot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamisenggabot\">[exe:tamisenggabot]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:hebot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hebot\">[exe:hebot]</a>) shows bot ‘go’ in a clause\nwithout another verb. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo yuol=ta me Luis=bon Nabil esun=bon bo sor-sanggara\ncondition day=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nLuis=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> Nabil\nfather.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span> go fish-search\n‘The next day, Luis and Nabil’s father went fishing.’\n<span id=\"exe:luisbon\" label=\"exe:luisbon\"></span> mu ecien=i Tamisen=ka\nbot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nTamisen=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go\n‘They returned to Tamisen (Antalisa).’ <span id=\"exe:tamisenggabot\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamisenggabot\"></span> tumtum opa me se bot\nchildren <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo\n‘Those children have gone.’ <span id=\"exe:hebot\"\nlabel=\"exe:hebot\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:names\" label=\"sec:names\"></span> Besides kinship terms,\npersonal proper names are a common strategy for non-pronominal reference\nand address. Because it is customary to avoid first names, most people\nare known by a variety of names. Names can be divided into three\ncategories: given names, nicknames and teknonyms. \nMost Kalamang speakers have an Arabic name as their given name. Some\nnon-Arabic names of community members are Erna, Sabtu (Malay ‘Saturday’)\nand Bini (Malay ‘wife’). I am not aware of any names that are regarded\nas Kalamang proper names. \nNicknames can be of many kinds, and can change throughout a person’s\nlifetime. Nicknames may be regular first names, such as Manto, which was\ngiven to a Kalamang speaker by visiting fishermen. Nicknames may also\noriginate in other entities, such as Mester, the name of the boat on\nwhich that person was born. One boy is called Kalamang, after the name\nof his people. Nicknames also commonly refer to someone’s place of\norigin, especially if they are the first or only person from that place:\nKei-ca stands for Kei-man Walaka-ca for Gorom-man. \nAs soon as someone becomes a parent, that person can be referred to and\naddressed with their teknonym (the name of their first child) followed\nby esun ‘father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ or emun\n‘mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. This is exemplified with\nNyong esun ‘Nyong’s father’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nyong\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nyong\">[exe:nyong]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNyong esun=a marua yuwa\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=foc</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘Nyong’s father comes towards sea here.’ <span id=\"exe:nyong\"\nlabel=\"exe:nyong\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen someone becomes a grandparent, the teknonym is usually replaced\nwith the name of the first grandchild, although the name of the first\nchild may also still be used. Someone can thus be known as ‘X’s\ngrandmother’ and ‘Y’s mother’ at the same time. For married people\nwithout children, the name of the spouse may be used: ‘X’s wife’, or\n‘Y’s husband’. If the spouse is not Kalamang, his or her name is\ngenerally avoided, and the person is referred to with a nickname.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Binkur's father's machete broke.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Binkur esun me sadawaun se kawarcie.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Binkur esun me sadawaun se kawarcie.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Verbs", "Header 2": "Verb classes", "Header 3": "Irregular verbs", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:ntverbs\" label=\"sec:ntverbs\"></span> Irregular verbs,\nintroduced in §<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a> and\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcverb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcverb\">[sec:wcverb]</a>, have a variable root in a\nvowel, -n or -t. This variation is apparent when the roots are\ninflected with mood enclitics, negator =nin or predicate linker =i,\nand from variation in the uninflected root. Two subgroups of this\ncategory can be defined by a combination of formal and semantic\ncriteria: transitive/intransitive verb pairs in -ma and -cie\n(§<a href=\"#sec:macie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:macie\">[sec:macie]</a>) and directional verbs\n(§<a href=\"#sec:dir\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:dir\">[sec:dir]</a>). \nA sizeable minority of Kalamang verbs, 185 out of 650 in the corpus, are\nvowel-final. Of these 185, 71 are irregular. Depending on which enclitic\nthe verb is combined with, the root ends in either of the consonants.\nUninflected verbs of this class may be vowel-final or carry -n,\napparently without a difference in meaning (hence my description of them\nas “uninflected”). It is unclear why some vowel-final verbs fall in this\nclass, while others do not. In other words, membership of this verb\nclass cannot be predicted.[^67] \nWithin this class of verbs with a variable root ending are a few\npatterns. All verbs ending in -ma transitive and -cie intransitive\n(described in §<a href=\"#sec:macie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:macie\">[sec:macie]</a>) and all directional verbs\n(described in §<a href=\"#sec:dir\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:dir\">[sec:dir]</a>) are irregular. In addition, most\nverbs ending in-a, -ie and -uo are irregular. \nMost irregular verbs behave as follows (as illustrated with paruo ‘do’\nin Table<a href=\"#tab:ntshort\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:ntshort\">12.2</a>). When inflected with irrealis\n=kin, negator =nin, prohibitive =in or irrealis marker =et, the\nroot ends in -t. When inflected with predicate linker =i, =taet\n‘more; again’ or attributive =ten, the root ends in -n.[^68] An\nuninflected verb may be vowel-final or carry -n. Imperative forms are\nvowel-final, and if the root ends in a diphthong, the last vowel is cut\noff. Depalatalisation of /c/ to /t/ may also occur. Thus, taruo ‘to\nsay’ has imperative form taru, and gocie ‘to stay’ has imperative\nform goti. \n<div id=\"tab:ntshort\"> \n\| \| ‘do’ \| ‘consume’ \| ‘go’ \| ‘see’ \|\n\|:------------------------------------------\|:-----------------------------------------------------\|:---------------------------------------------------\|:--------------------------------------------------\|:----------------------------------------------------\|\n\| uninflected \| paruo \| na \| \| kome \|\n\| “uninflected” \| paruo<span style=\"color: lsMidDarkBlue\">n</span> \| na<span style=\"color: lsMidDarkBlue\">n</span> \| bo<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span> \| kome<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span> \|\n\| =i <span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> \| paruo<span style=\"color: lsMidDarkBlue\">n</span>=i \| na<span style=\"color: lsMidDarkBlue\">n</span>=i \| bo=i \| kome=i \|\n\| =et <span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> \| paruo<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=et \| na<span style=\"color: lsMidDarkBlue\">n</span>=et \| bo=et \| kome<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=et \|\n\| =kin <span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span> \| paruo<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=kin \| na<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=kin \| bo<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=kin \| kome<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=kin \|\n\| =nin <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> \| paruo<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=nin \| na<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=nin \| bo<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=nin \| kome<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=nin \|\n\| =in <span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span> \| paruo<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=in! \| na=in! \| bo=in! \| kome<span style=\"color: lsLightWine\">t</span>=in! \|\n\| imperative \| paru \| na \| bo=te \| kome=te \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \| \nBehaviour of irregular verbs \n</div> \nNot all irregular verbs behave exactly the same.\nTable<a href=\"#tab:ntshort\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:ntshort\">12.2</a> gives the four attested patterns.\nMost irregular verbs behave like paruo ‘to do’. Three verbs within the\nirregular class, all highly frequent, show deviant behaviour. Na\n‘consume’ ends in -n instead of -t when irrealis =et is attached.\nBo ‘go’ never ends in -n. When this verb is uninflected, it must\ncarry -t and when inflected with predicate linker =i or irrealis\n=et, neither -n nor -t is allowed. Bo carries the imperative\nenclitic =te like regular verbs. Kome ‘to see; to look’ can be\neither kome or komet when uninflected, but not komen. When\ncarrying =i, neither -n nor -t is allowed. Its imperative form is\nwith =te. For more examples, see\nTable<a href=\"#tab:ntverbs\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:ntverbs\">[tab:ntverbs]</a>. \nThere is no clear rule as to when a specific verb occurs with or without\nthe final -n when it is otherwise uninflected. The number of\noccurrences in the corpus for three frequent irregular verbs with and\nwithout final -n are given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:n\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:n\">12.3</a>. \n<div id=\"tab:n\"> \n\| \| without -n \| with -n \|\n\|:-----------------\|:-------------\|:----------\|\n\| mia ‘come’ \| 129 \| 40 \|\n\| potma ‘cut’ \| 41 \| 14 \|\n\| yecie ‘return’ \| 100 \| 12 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nFrequencies for common irregular verbs with and without -n \n</div> \nAlthough there is a higher frequency of all verbs without -n, there is\nno environment where either of the two is inappropriate. Forms with and\nwithout -n are found with all persons, in simplex and complex\npredicates, following iamitive se, koi ‘again’, lative =ka and\ncomitative =bon, and in both same-subject and different-subject\ncontexts. Transitive verbs like potma are found with and without final\n-n in both transitive and intransitive constructions. \n(<a href=\"#exe:kieri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kieri\">[exe:kieri]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:koinani\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:koinani\">[exe:koinani]</a>) show ecien and\nyecie[^69] in very similar environments: both describe the actions of\na third person in a narrative, both follow the iamitive he, and both\nconclude a paragraph in the narrative where different actions were\nlisted. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkiet=i koyet ma se ecien\ndefecate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn\n‘After defecating, he returned.’ <span id=\"exe:kieri\"\nlabel=\"exe:kieri\"></span> Tat owandi koi melelu nan=i koyet ma se\nyecie\nTat like_over_there then sit consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> return\n‘After sitting and eating at a place like Tat over there, he returned.’\n<span id=\"exe:koinani\" label=\"exe:koinani\"></span> \n</div> \nThe irregular verb bo ‘go’ has only one uninflected form: bot. The\nform bo is reserved for complex predicates where bo ‘go’ is the\nfirst verb. In an intransitive clause without another verb, bo cannot\nbe used. The difference between a complex predicate with bo in the\nfirst position and bot in the last position is shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:luisbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:luisbon\">[exe:luisbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tamisenggabot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamisenggabot\">[exe:tamisenggabot]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:hebot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hebot\">[exe:hebot]</a>) shows bot ‘go’ in a clause\nwithout another verb. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo yuol=ta me Luis=bon Nabil esun=bon bo sor-sanggara\ncondition day=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nLuis=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> Nabil\nfather.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span> go fish-search\n‘The next day, Luis and Nabil’s father went fishing.’\n<span id=\"exe:luisbon\" label=\"exe:luisbon\"></span> mu ecien=i Tamisen=ka\nbot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nTamisen=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go\n‘They returned to Tamisen (Antalisa).’ <span id=\"exe:tamisenggabot\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamisenggabot\"></span> tumtum opa me se bot\nchildren <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo\n‘Those children have gone.’ <span id=\"exe:hebot\"\nlabel=\"exe:hebot\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Non-pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "Names", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:names\" label=\"sec:names\"></span> Besides kinship terms,\npersonal proper names are a common strategy for non-pronominal reference\nand address. Because it is customary to avoid first names, most people\nare known by a variety of names. Names can be divided into three\ncategories: given names, nicknames and teknonyms. \nMost Kalamang speakers have an Arabic name as their given name. Some\nnon-Arabic names of community members are Erna, Sabtu (Malay ‘Saturday’)\nand Bini (Malay ‘wife’). I am not aware of any names that are regarded\nas Kalamang proper names. \nNicknames can be of many kinds, and can change throughout a person’s\nlifetime. Nicknames may be regular first names, such as Manto, which was\ngiven to a Kalamang speaker by visiting fishermen. Nicknames may also\noriginate in other entities, such as Mester, the name of the boat on\nwhich that person was born. One boy is called Kalamang, after the name\nof his people. Nicknames also commonly refer to someone’s place of\norigin, especially if they are the first or only person from that place:\nKei-ca stands for Kei-man Walaka-ca for Gorom-man. \nAs soon as someone becomes a parent, that person can be referred to and\naddressed with their teknonym (the name of their first child) followed\nby esun ‘father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ or emun\n‘mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. This is exemplified with\nNyong esun ‘Nyong’s father’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nyong\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nyong\">[exe:nyong]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNyong esun=a marua yuwa\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=foc</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘Nyong’s father comes towards sea here.’ <span id=\"exe:nyong\"\nlabel=\"exe:nyong\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen someone becomes a grandparent, the teknonym is usually replaced\nwith the name of the first grandchild, although the name of the first\nchild may also still be used. Someone can thus be known as ‘X’s\ngrandmother’ and ‘Y’s mother’ at the same time. For married people\nwithout children, the name of the spouse may be used: ‘X’s wife’, or\n‘Y’s husband’. If the spouse is not Kalamang, his or her name is\ngenerally avoided, and the person is referred to with a nickname." } ], "index": 23, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Binkur's father's machete broke.", "split": "train" }
An tok nakalanat sisiret.	I'll comb my hear first.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: I'll comb my hear first.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ll\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tell a story\nKalamang translation: rer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ll\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: small\nKalamang translation: caun; cicaun; kinkin; kinkinun; tabaktabak; tumun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"comb\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: comb\nKalamang translation: sisir; sisir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"comb\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: bamboo comb\nKalamang translation: suor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"my\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Saturday\nKalamang translation: sabtu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"my\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: slimy\nKalamang translation: kanggarom\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"hear\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: too heavy\nKalamang translation: nares\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"hear\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: hear\nKalamang translation: ra; kelua\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"first\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: firstborn\nKalamang translation: ma temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"first\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: first\nKalamang translation: giarun; tok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ll\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: In all three baskets is fish.\nKalamang translation: Bakul karuogan sor neko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ll\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother has many chickens, but they are still small.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun kokoun reidak ba tok kinkinun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"comb\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They come back from the mountain, they are hungry.\nKalamang translation: Mu kolaka bore yecie mu he muisese.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"comb\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: It rains, dew (damp) comes into the houses.\nKalamang translation: Kalis ourta masinul bo kewe nerunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"my\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm eating maize, my jaw is tired.\nKalamang translation: An ketelesat nara kanggusan nauware.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"my\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I sleep with my face up (i.e. on my back).\nKalamang translation: An keitpisia min.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"hear\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My heart is broken.\nKalamang translation: Minan karaok.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"hear\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I didn't even hear a voice.\nKalamang translation: Suarabarak an ratnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"first\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I don't want to go in the front, you go first.\nKalamang translation: An sukaun boraratnin, ka borarei.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"first\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Expel the chicken first!\nKalamang translation: Ka tok kokoat arteǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:names\" label=\"sec:names\"></span> Besides kinship terms,\npersonal proper names are a common strategy for non-pronominal reference\nand address. Because it is customary to avoid first names, most people\nare known by a variety of names. Names can be divided into three\ncategories: given names, nicknames and teknonyms. \nMost Kalamang speakers have an Arabic name as their given name. Some\nnon-Arabic names of community members are Erna, Sabtu (Malay ‘Saturday’)\nand Bini (Malay ‘wife’). I am not aware of any names that are regarded\nas Kalamang proper names. \nNicknames can be of many kinds, and can change throughout a person’s\nlifetime. Nicknames may be regular first names, such as Manto, which was\ngiven to a Kalamang speaker by visiting fishermen. Nicknames may also\noriginate in other entities, such as Mester, the name of the boat on\nwhich that person was born. One boy is called Kalamang, after the name\nof his people. Nicknames also commonly refer to someone’s place of\norigin, especially if they are the first or only person from that place:\nKei-ca stands for Kei-man Walaka-ca for Gorom-man. \nAs soon as someone becomes a parent, that person can be referred to and\naddressed with their teknonym (the name of their first child) followed\nby esun ‘father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ or emun\n‘mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. This is exemplified with\nNyong esun ‘Nyong’s father’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nyong\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nyong\">[exe:nyong]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNyong esun=a marua yuwa\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=foc</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘Nyong’s father comes towards sea here.’ <span id=\"exe:nyong\"\nlabel=\"exe:nyong\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen someone becomes a grandparent, the teknonym is usually replaced\nwith the name of the first grandchild, although the name of the first\nchild may also still be used. Someone can thus be known as ‘X’s\ngrandmother’ and ‘Y’s mother’ at the same time. For married people\nwithout children, the name of the spouse may be used: ‘X’s wife’, or\n‘Y’s husband’. If the spouse is not Kalamang, his or her name is\ngenerally avoided, and the person is referred to with a nickname.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:rflx\" label=\"sec:rflx\"></span> Reflexive constructions are\nverbal clauses where both arguments have the same referent, and where\nthe subject carries out an action upon itself, such as ‘he shaves\nhimself’. The valency of transitive verbs that are used in a reflexive\nconstruction is reduced by one: instead of two core arguments, there is\nonly one, the subject. \nThe corpus contains only eight examples of constructions with the\nreflexive prefix un-, four of which are in combination with the\nrestricting pronoun marker -tain (which may or may not be focused).\nThese constructions occur with five different verbs: balaok ‘to show’\n(three occurrences), deir ‘to bring’ (two occurrences), ganggie ‘to\nlift’, kajie ‘to pick’ and rua ‘to kill’ (each one occurrence).\nThree of eight occurrences have the reflexive verb as the first verb in\na complex predicate linked with predicate linker =i.\n(<a href=\"#exe:undeiri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:undeiri\">[exe:undeiri]</a>) shows un-deir ‘to\nbring oneself’. (<a href=\"#exe:unruani\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:unruani\">[exe:unruani]</a>), with un-rua ‘to kill\noneself’, is from a recording made during net fishing, where one of the\nspeakers describes the movements of a needlefish in or close to the\nnet.[^73] \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma-tain se un-deir=i luk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">refl</span>-bring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ncome\n‘She came herself.’ (Lit. ‘She brought herself coming.’)\n<span id=\"exe:undeiri\" label=\"exe:undeiri\"></span> ma-tain se metko\nun-ruan=i mia o ma se koi kiem\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">refl</span>-kill=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ncome <span class=\"smallcaps\">surpr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nagain flee\n‘He comes there killing himself, oh, he fled again.’\n<span id=\"exe:unruani\" label=\"exe:unruani\"></span> mindi an se parar=te\nun-ganggie mat pareir\nlike_that <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nget_up=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">refl</span>-lift\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> follow\n‘Like that I lifted myself up and followed her.’ \n</div> \nThis is not a well-established construction, and the three other\nreflexive corpus examples rely on Malay loans. The Malay reflexive\npronoun diri ‘self’ is used in those constructions, which are combined\nwith an Austronesian loan verb natobat ‘repent’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:diritobat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:diritobat\">[exe:diritobat]</a>) or Malay loan verb\nsadar ‘to be aware; to have self-awareness’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:ansadar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ansadar\">[exe:ansadar]</a>). It is unclear why the\nreflexive pronoun is marked with the object postposition in the latter\nbut not in the former, but it suggests that there is not necessarily a\nvalency reduction in reflexive constructions with Malay diri. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni ma diri-un natobat\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nself-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> repent\n‘He said he repents \\[himself\\].’ <span id=\"exe:diritobat\"\nlabel=\"exe:diritobat\"></span> an-tain=a se diri-an=at sadar\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nself-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=obj</span> aware\n‘I already have self-awareness.’ <span id=\"exe:ansadar\"\nlabel=\"exe:ansadar\"></span> \n</div> \nNote that in the latter example, the subject pronoun an ‘I’ is also\ninflected with the restricting pronoun marker -tain\n(§<a href=\"#sec:alonepron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:alonepron\">[sec:alonepron]</a>), like\nin(<a href=\"#exe:undeiri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:undeiri\">[exe:undeiri]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:unruani\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:unruani\">[exe:unruani]</a>). In elicited reflexive\nexamples, one encounters this strategy again, without the use of diri\n‘self’, suggesting that these restricting pronouns can also have a\nreflexive interpretation.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:andainawaruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:andainawaruo\">[exe:andainawaruo]</a>), where\nan-tain ‘I alone’ is used to express ‘myself’. This example is\nambiguous between a reflexive and a restrictive focus meaning. It could\nalso mean ‘It is I who washes’.[^74] \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan-tain=a waruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nwash\n‘I wash myself.’ <span id=\"exe:andainawaruo\"\nlabel=\"exe:andainawaruo\"></span> \n</div> \nQuantifying pronoun marker -tain can also be used when a subject\ncarries out an action upon a part of itself, and the referent is thus\nnot exactly the same, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:westalan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:westalan\">[exe:westalan]</a>). In the corpus, this\nkind of construction without use of -tain occurs, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nakalan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nakalan\">[exe:nakalan]</a>). This suggests that\n-tain is neither sufficient nor necessary to make a reflexive\nconstruction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan-tain=a westal-an=at sikat\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nhair-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=obj</span> brush\n‘I brush my own hair.’ <span id=\"exe:westalan\"\nlabel=\"exe:westalan\"></span> an tok nakal-an=at sisir=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> first\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=obj</span>\ncomb=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I comb my head first.’ <span id=\"exe:nakalan\"\nlabel=\"exe:nakalan\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: I'll comb my hear first.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "An tok nakalanat sisiret.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "An tok nakalanat sisiret.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Non-pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "Names", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:names\" label=\"sec:names\"></span> Besides kinship terms,\npersonal proper names are a common strategy for non-pronominal reference\nand address. Because it is customary to avoid first names, most people\nare known by a variety of names. Names can be divided into three\ncategories: given names, nicknames and teknonyms. \nMost Kalamang speakers have an Arabic name as their given name. Some\nnon-Arabic names of community members are Erna, Sabtu (Malay ‘Saturday’)\nand Bini (Malay ‘wife’). I am not aware of any names that are regarded\nas Kalamang proper names. \nNicknames can be of many kinds, and can change throughout a person’s\nlifetime. Nicknames may be regular first names, such as Manto, which was\ngiven to a Kalamang speaker by visiting fishermen. Nicknames may also\noriginate in other entities, such as Mester, the name of the boat on\nwhich that person was born. One boy is called Kalamang, after the name\nof his people. Nicknames also commonly refer to someone’s place of\norigin, especially if they are the first or only person from that place:\nKei-ca stands for Kei-man Walaka-ca for Gorom-man. \nAs soon as someone becomes a parent, that person can be referred to and\naddressed with their teknonym (the name of their first child) followed\nby esun ‘father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ or emun\n‘mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. This is exemplified with\nNyong esun ‘Nyong’s father’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nyong\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nyong\">[exe:nyong]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNyong esun=a marua yuwa\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=foc</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘Nyong’s father comes towards sea here.’ <span id=\"exe:nyong\"\nlabel=\"exe:nyong\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen someone becomes a grandparent, the teknonym is usually replaced\nwith the name of the first grandchild, although the name of the first\nchild may also still be used. Someone can thus be known as ‘X’s\ngrandmother’ and ‘Y’s mother’ at the same time. For married people\nwithout children, the name of the spouse may be used: ‘X’s wife’, or\n‘Y’s husband’. If the spouse is not Kalamang, his or her name is\ngenerally avoided, and the person is referred to with a nickname." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Verbs", "Header 2": "Valency changing", "Header 3": "Reflexive constructions", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:rflx\" label=\"sec:rflx\"></span> Reflexive constructions are\nverbal clauses where both arguments have the same referent, and where\nthe subject carries out an action upon itself, such as ‘he shaves\nhimself’. The valency of transitive verbs that are used in a reflexive\nconstruction is reduced by one: instead of two core arguments, there is\nonly one, the subject. \nThe corpus contains only eight examples of constructions with the\nreflexive prefix un-, four of which are in combination with the\nrestricting pronoun marker -tain (which may or may not be focused).\nThese constructions occur with five different verbs: balaok ‘to show’\n(three occurrences), deir ‘to bring’ (two occurrences), ganggie ‘to\nlift’, kajie ‘to pick’ and rua ‘to kill’ (each one occurrence).\nThree of eight occurrences have the reflexive verb as the first verb in\na complex predicate linked with predicate linker =i.\n(<a href=\"#exe:undeiri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:undeiri\">[exe:undeiri]</a>) shows un-deir ‘to\nbring oneself’. (<a href=\"#exe:unruani\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:unruani\">[exe:unruani]</a>), with un-rua ‘to kill\noneself’, is from a recording made during net fishing, where one of the\nspeakers describes the movements of a needlefish in or close to the\nnet.[^73] \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma-tain se un-deir=i luk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">refl</span>-bring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ncome\n‘She came herself.’ (Lit. ‘She brought herself coming.’)\n<span id=\"exe:undeiri\" label=\"exe:undeiri\"></span> ma-tain se metko\nun-ruan=i mia o ma se koi kiem\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">refl</span>-kill=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ncome <span class=\"smallcaps\">surpr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nagain flee\n‘He comes there killing himself, oh, he fled again.’\n<span id=\"exe:unruani\" label=\"exe:unruani\"></span> mindi an se parar=te\nun-ganggie mat pareir\nlike_that <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nget_up=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">refl</span>-lift\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> follow\n‘Like that I lifted myself up and followed her.’ \n</div> \nThis is not a well-established construction, and the three other\nreflexive corpus examples rely on Malay loans. The Malay reflexive\npronoun diri ‘self’ is used in those constructions, which are combined\nwith an Austronesian loan verb natobat ‘repent’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:diritobat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:diritobat\">[exe:diritobat]</a>) or Malay loan verb\nsadar ‘to be aware; to have self-awareness’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:ansadar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ansadar\">[exe:ansadar]</a>). It is unclear why the\nreflexive pronoun is marked with the object postposition in the latter\nbut not in the former, but it suggests that there is not necessarily a\nvalency reduction in reflexive constructions with Malay diri. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni ma diri-un natobat\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nself-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> repent\n‘He said he repents \\[himself\\].’ <span id=\"exe:diritobat\"\nlabel=\"exe:diritobat\"></span> an-tain=a se diri-an=at sadar\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nself-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=obj</span> aware\n‘I already have self-awareness.’ <span id=\"exe:ansadar\"\nlabel=\"exe:ansadar\"></span> \n</div> \nNote that in the latter example, the subject pronoun an ‘I’ is also\ninflected with the restricting pronoun marker -tain\n(§<a href=\"#sec:alonepron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:alonepron\">[sec:alonepron]</a>), like\nin(<a href=\"#exe:undeiri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:undeiri\">[exe:undeiri]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:unruani\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:unruani\">[exe:unruani]</a>). In elicited reflexive\nexamples, one encounters this strategy again, without the use of diri\n‘self’, suggesting that these restricting pronouns can also have a\nreflexive interpretation.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:andainawaruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:andainawaruo\">[exe:andainawaruo]</a>), where\nan-tain ‘I alone’ is used to express ‘myself’. This example is\nambiguous between a reflexive and a restrictive focus meaning. It could\nalso mean ‘It is I who washes’.[^74] \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan-tain=a waruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nwash\n‘I wash myself.’ <span id=\"exe:andainawaruo\"\nlabel=\"exe:andainawaruo\"></span> \n</div> \nQuantifying pronoun marker -tain can also be used when a subject\ncarries out an action upon a part of itself, and the referent is thus\nnot exactly the same, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:westalan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:westalan\">[exe:westalan]</a>). In the corpus, this\nkind of construction without use of -tain occurs, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nakalan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nakalan\">[exe:nakalan]</a>). This suggests that\n-tain is neither sufficient nor necessary to make a reflexive\nconstruction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan-tain=a westal-an=at sikat\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nhair-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=obj</span> brush\n‘I brush my own hair.’ <span id=\"exe:westalan\"\nlabel=\"exe:westalan\"></span> an tok nakal-an=at sisir=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> first\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=obj</span>\ncomb=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I comb my head first.’ <span id=\"exe:nakalan\"\nlabel=\"exe:nakalan\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 24, "level": "low_resource", "question": "I'll comb my hear first.", "split": "train" }
Naman ba me? Geo, Kalamang mu ba.	Who's that? Oh, just Kalamang and family.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Who's that? Oh, just Kalamang and family.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Who\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: who\nKalamang translation: naman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Who\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: hey-ho\nKalamang translation: geigar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"that\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that have gone bad\nKalamang translation: tenenun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"that\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that\nKalamang translation: me\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Oh\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: smooth side leaf\nKalamang translation: suolkerun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Oh\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: hit with tool\nKalamang translation: koyak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"just\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: just\nKalamang translation: nak=; =tak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"just\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: just a little\nKalamang translation: bolodak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Kalamang\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Kalamang language\nKalamang translation: Kalamangmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Kalamang\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: speak Kalamang\nKalamang translation: Kalamangmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"family\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: have a family\nKalamang translation: ruma tangga\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"family\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: family\nKalamang translation: wol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Who\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Who's that crying? Those kids are hitting each other.\nKalamang translation: Naman mua eruapta ime? Tumtum ma nautu.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Who\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Who ate the nutmeg, your drool comes out.\nKalamang translation: Naman mua sayang na ewaromca taluk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"that\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Aprilia's wish is that they go quickly.\nKalamang translation: Aprilia maun toni mu he loi boet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"that\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The rainbow that comes down from there blocks the wind.\nKalamang translation: Kalis tanggira he osangga bara urat namot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Oh\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Where are you going? Oh, I'm going over there.\nKalamang translation: Ka tamanggara bot? Ge o, an owanggara bot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Oh\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Is your back fine again? Oh, of course it is.\nKalamang translation: Suolca he bes? O bes mera.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"just\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Those women just sit chatting\nKalamang translation: Emumur yume melalu garung deba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"just\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Kalamang\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Kalamang broke his fast, he isn't fasting.\nKalamang translation: Kalamang me nasek ma tolasnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Kalamang\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"family\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mustafa's father and family want to go to the garden, they are still waiting for Sakina.\nKalamang translation: Mustafa esun mu amdirga botkin mu tok Sakinat nawanggar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"family\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tuti and family go to the mountain to harvest nutmeg.\nKalamang translation: Tuti mu bo keleka ra sayangsara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:sim\" label=\"sec:sim\"></span> There are several ways to\nmake a similative construction, that is, a construction to indicate that\na referent has a characteristic similar to another referent. These\ninvolve the words sama ‘same’ (cf. Malay sama ‘same’), nain ‘like’\nand the similative postposition =kap\n(§<a href=\"#sec:simcase\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:simcase\">[sec:simcase]</a>) in different\ncombinations, as shown in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:sim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:sim\">13.2</a>. Kalamang can make similative\nconstructions with just the enclitic =kap, just the word nain, a\ncombination of nain and =kap, or (occasionally) a combination of\nsama, nain and =kap. \n<div id=\"tab:sim\"> \n\| \| \| \| \|\n\|:-----\|:-------\|:-------\|:--------\|\n\| Subj \| \| \| N-kap \|\n\| Subj \| \| nain \| \|\n\| Subj \| sama \| nain \| N-kap \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSimilative constructions \n</div> \nThe similative postposition =kap can be used on its own, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kap22\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kap22\">[exe:kap22]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:kap33\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kap33\">[exe:kap33]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kap22\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kap22\">[exe:kap22]</a>), two things are compared,\nand in(<a href=\"#exe:kap33\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kap33\">[exe:kap33]</a>), one person is compared to\nmany. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kap22\" label=\"exe:kap22\"></span> ma per=kap=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nwater=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘It’s like water.’ <span id=\"exe:kap33\" label=\"exe:kap33\"></span> ka\nkalamang emumur=kap to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> Kalamang\nwoman.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\nright\n‘You are like the Kalamang women, aren’t you?’ \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kapnain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kapnain\">[exe:kapnain]</a>), =kap is used in\ncombination with nain, which also translates as ‘like’. This is not\nuncommon in the corpus, but it is unclear what drives the choice of a\ndouble similative marking. Constructions with nain N=kap are used\nfor equative constructions (as described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:eq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:eq\">13.3.5</a>), but it is common with similative\nconstructions as well. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kapnain\" label=\"exe:kapnain\"></span> ka nain\ntenggeles=kap ka bo tenggeles=kap=te don kuek=te kuru luk=te\nyuwa\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> like\neagle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> go\neagle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nthing steal=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> bring\ncome=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘You’re like an eagle, you turn into an eagle stealing stuff and\nbringing it back.’ \n</div> \nLike in equative constructions, a speaker can also opt to use the Malay\nloan word sama ‘same’ in similative constructions, such that we get\nexamples with sama nain N-kap.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:gierunggap\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gierunggap\">[exe:gierunggap]</a>), the quality of\nrice is described,\nwhile(<a href=\"#exe:nainan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nainan\">[exe:nainan]</a>) is from a story where a\nblack-furred monkey wants to get the same white fur as a cuscus. This is\na rare construction, with only four occurrences in the corpus. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:gierunggap\" label=\"exe:gierunggap\"></span> ikon me\nsama nain sontum gier-un=kap\nsome <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> same like person\ntooth-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=sim</span>\n‘Some are like people’s teeth.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:nainan\" label=\"exe:nainan\"></span> me sama=i nain\nan=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\nsame=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> like\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=sim</span>\n‘That is the same as me.’ \n</div> \nNain ‘like’ can also be used on its own.\n(<a href=\"#exe:semenn\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:semenn\">[exe:semenn]</a>) is said two utterances\nafter (<a href=\"#exe:gierunggap\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gierunggap\">[exe:gierunggap]</a>), by the same\nspeaker, still discussing the quality of rice. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:semenn\" label=\"exe:semenn\"></span> ikon me yar ikon me\nnain semen\nsome <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> stone some\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> like cement\n‘Some are stones, some are like cement.’ \n</div> \nSimilative constructions can also be used to compare entities or\npersons, such as God and Jesus\nin(<a href=\"#exe:isa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:isa\">[exe:isa]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:isa\" label=\"exe:isa\"></span> sontum kawir=ten toni Isa me\nnain tuhan=kap\nperson christian=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span> say Jesus\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> like\ngod=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\n‘Christians say Jesus is like God.’ \n</div> \nTo single out referents (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:nainrehan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nainrehan\">[exe:nainrehan]</a>), a similative\nconstruction with only nain ‘like’ can be used. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:nainrehan\" label=\"exe:nainrehan\"></span> tumtum opa me\nnain Kalamang=bon Rehan=bon mindi\nchildren <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> like\nKalamang=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nRehan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> like_that\n‘Those children were like Kalamang and Rehan, like that.’ \n</div> \nThe similative constructions above do not have a demonstrative function.\nFor that purpose, Kalamang has manner demonstratives wandi ‘like this’\nand mindi ‘like that’, forms that are likely derived from the proximal\nand distal demonstratives, respectively. These can be used in\ncombination with similative constructions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nainrehan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nainrehan\">[exe:nainrehan]</a>) above. Manner\ndemonstratives may be evoked to make similative constructions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tanunkoi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tanunkoi\">[exe:tanunkoi]</a>), which expresses close\nsimilarity between two referents, in this case the position of a doll’s\narm on a picture. More information about manner demonstratives can be\nfound in Chapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:tanunkoi\" label=\"exe:tanunkoi\"></span> wa=nan tan-un koi\nmindi weinun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>=too\narm-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> again like_this too\n‘This one too, his arm is again like this.’ \n</div> \nSimilative =kap is grammaticalised on colour terms, which all seem to\nderive from nouns. This allows us to hypothesise the nominal origins of\nKalamang colour terms see\nTable<a href=\"#tab:colours\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:colours\">13.3</a>. Earlier Kalamang speakers seem to\nhave used phrases meaning ‘like turmeric’ or ‘like charcoal’ to indicate\ncolours.[^78] \n<div id=\"tab:colours\"> \n\| colour term \| possible origin \|\n\|:--------------------------\|:----------------------------------\|\n\| welenggap ‘blue; green’ \| wele ‘vegetables’ \|\n\| kerkap ‘red’ \| unknown, perhaps karyak ‘blood’ \|\n\| baranggap ‘yellow’ \| barang ‘turmeric’ \|\n\| iriskap ‘white’ \| iren ‘ripe; white person’ \|\n\| kuskap ‘black’ \| kus ‘piece of charcoal’ \|\n\| \| \| \nPossible nominal origins of Kalamang colour terms \n</div> \nOther, perhaps newer colour terms are not formed according to this\npattern. Kowewep(kon) ‘grey; brown’ (from koep ‘ashes’) does not\ntake =kap. \nTo express sameness or true identity, i.e. where there is a single\nreferent, kodak ‘just one’ may be used, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kianbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kianbon\">[exe:kianbon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kianbon\" label=\"exe:kianbon\"></span> mu nakal-un\ntai-kodak=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nside-just_one=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘Their heads are on the same side.’ \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"ch:maps\" label=\"ch:maps\"></span>\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnarrnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">23.1</a> displays those names\nmentioned in the traditional narratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>).\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnames\">23.2</a> shows all recorded coastal\nnames of the big Karas island, and a few additional place names. For a\nbigger version, zoom in on the digital version of this page, or download\nthe map from the Kalamang archive.[^104] \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names_narratives.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Place names of Karas mentioned in traditional\nnarratives</figcaption>\n</figure> \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Coastal place names of Karas</figcaption>\n</figure> \n[^1]: Data taken from the 2018 and 2019 publications of Statistik Daerah\nKabupaten Fakfak \\[Statistics Fakfak Regency Area\\], published by\nthe Badan Pusat Statistik Daerah Fakfak \\[Central Bureau of\nStatistics Fakfak Area\\]. Publications can be found at\n<https://fakfakkab.bps.go.id/publication.html>. \n[^2]: This map seems to be an unpublished draft, but is for example used\nin . \n[^3]: (Sub)grouping in this paragraph according to Glottolog. \n[^4]: Data on the map (series 1501, sheet SA 53-13, edition 1) comes\nfrom the years 1956-1960. \n[^5]: Archived at <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF4-4> \n[^6]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFB-1> \n[^7]: Recordings of prayers can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF7-4>,\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D> and\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6>. Picture\nmaterial of shared meals is available at the last two links. \n[^8]: These comprise the water in Sebakor Bay, extending southwards at\nleast as far as Kitikiti waterfall (3°50’25.7\"S 132°47’57.5\"E). I do\nnot know if the waters west of the biggest Karas island belong to\nKaras district, or if the water is divided between the\nKalamang-speaking and Uruangnirin-speaking communities. \n[^9]: Of whom at least one has passed away since. \n[^10]: This was operationalised in Indonesian as lancar; yang tahu\nbahasa bagus sekali and kurang lancar; yang masih pikir-pikir. \n[^11]: While there is obviously a cline in proficiency from fluent to\nnon-fluent to minimal, it was no matter of discussion for my two\nconsultants whom to include as fluent and non-fluent speakers, and\nwhom to exclude from the speaker count. \n[^12]: The only instance where I have noticed people showing off with\nKalamang is when in public places in Fakfak with me, but it is used\nto trick others into believing that they are speaking English with\nme. \n[^13]: Kapaur in . \n[^14]: Patimuni in . In other sources spelled as Bah(a)am or Mbahaam. \n[^15]: explain well how the descriptive linguist both informs and is\ninformed by typology and formal linguistics. I can only hope I have\nstruck the right balance. \n[^16]: Audio recordings for phonetic analysis and of paradigms, made in\n2015, contain the voices of four other (partial) speakers. Their\nmetadata can be found in the corpus. \n[^17]: Other people to whom gifts were extended are my hosts in Fakfak\nand Mas, the village head of Mas, my local aunts, uncles and\ngrandmother, and other people with whom I maintained a personal\nrelationship. \n[^18]: The corpus, called The Kalamang collection: an archive of\nlinguistic and cultural material from Karas can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^19]: A fifth field trip was planned for 2020 but had to be cancelled\ndue to COVID-19. Luckily, I had enough data to finish the current\nstudy. Things that I had planned for the last field trip included\ndouble-checking the transcriptions of recordings made in 2019,\ndouble-checking all the examples used in this study, double-checking\nsome lemmas in the dictionary, collecting more pictures for the\ndictionary, recording audio samples of all lemmas, collecting\nrecordings of more genres (such as making offerings, ghost stories,\nand action camera recordings of people in their gardens and loading\na canoe), collecting supplementary grammaticality judgements on\nvarious topics (such as the apprehensive construction, classifiers,\npossessive constructions, prosody, quantifiers and reflexives) and\ncarrying out ethnobotanic/linguistic fieldwork in collaboration with\nan MA student in ethnobotany. \n[^20]: A breath group is what the speaker manages to say between two\nbreaths, and is a convenient way to divide utterances. This division\nwas not strictly followed. Sometimes people would pause without\nbreathing – for example at the end of a non-final clause. Some\nspeakers had a habit of uttering very long stretches of speech,\nseemingly without breathing. These stretches were divided wherever\nit seemed practical to do so during the transcription. \n[^21]: Transcribed recordings are archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^22]: Annotated elicited data is archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A>. \n[^23]: While I do think that there are differences in style and\nnaturalness between the three categories stimulus-based, narrative\nand conversations, I have not actually investigated this. Also, the\ncategories are not clear-cut. The stimulus-based recordings\nobviously can be narratives or conversations, conversations may\ncontain stretches of narrative, narratives may contain a short\nconversation with a passer-by, etc. This classification is just one\nway to give the reader at least some degree of context when reading\nan example. \n[^24]: Defined in as “connected naturally occurring utterance\\[s\\]”. \n[^25]: Some of it can be found in the conversations between Fajaria\nYarkuran and Nurmia Yarkuran (conv9–11, conv13–16), which are\ninterrupted by children entering the room. Some speakers also\naddress the linguist in an opening and a closing of a narrative in\nPapuan Malay (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>). Note that code switching\nbetween Kalamang and Papuan Malay without a change of audience,\ntypically for just a few words at a time, is very common and occurs\nin all recordings. \n[^26]: One song, Loflof, can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF9-5>, and the\nnarratives narr18 and narr19 contain short songs. The ritual chant\ntenggelele can be found in conv8. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:formula\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:formula\">[sec:formula]</a>. \n[^27]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^28]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^29]: These can currently be found at\n<https://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/representations/gloss/index.php?open=../../../../../includes/gramm_category_labels.inc>. \n[^30]: According to . I do not have access to the original report. \n[^31]: In fact, if one takes into account the WALS features and\nlanguages, the Papuan languages do not stand apart from the rest of\nthe world’s languages at all . \n[^32]: : “\\[W\\]e define East Nusantara as a geographical area that\nextends from Sumbawa to the west, across the islands of East Nusa\nTenggara, Maluku including Halmahera, and to the Bird’s Head of New\nGuinea in the east \\[...\\]. In the northwest, the area is bounded by\nSulawesi.” \n[^33]: Melanesia, based on the features considered in , “begins in the\narea of Flores-Sumba-Timor, reaches through New Guinea and into the\nBismarck Archipelago, and concludes in Vanuatu-New Caledonia”\n(p.122). Linguistic Wallacea is similar to East Nusantara.\nLinguistic Wallacea differs from Biological Wallacea in that the\nformer does not include Sulawesi and the latter does not include any\nparts of New Guinea. \n[^34]: Voiced stops do not occur syllable-finally, also not as\nunderlying phonemes. The voiceless stops that are syllable-final are\nso also underlyingly. \n[^35]: As counted in April 2019. \n[^36]: Timothy Usher (p.c.) suggests that this is the case because it\nderives historically from a longer form \\kinV. \n[^37]: Note that this is an intonational* pitch accent, not to be\nconfounded with lexical tones. \n[^38]: I checked 96 Papuan grammars and grammar sketches in 2018. Of\nthese, 29 make some mention of intonation, ranging from a brief\nmention in the chapter on discourse structuring to a number or arrow\nsystem to describe intonation created by the author of the grammar.\nOf these 29, only five grammars include pitch contours. Of those\nfive, only three have pitch contours generated with help of\nsoftware. Those three languages are described here. For the other\ntwo languages, Mauwake and Menggwa Dla, only hand-drawn pitch\ncontours without alignment or a Hz scale are available. The\ndescription of prosody in Qaqet came to my attention in 2020 and was\nadded subsequently. \n[^39]: There are other comparative data that may give a clue to the\norigin of /t/ and /n/. The West Bomberai language Iha has the\n(singular patient) -ny and (plural patient) -te conjugations in\nsome verbs , and the East Timorese language Fataluku has the same\nsubject clitic =n(u) and different subject =t(u) . Although\nKalamang has no synchronic number marking for patients or\nswitch-reference marking, the phonemes /t/ and /n/ may be remnants\nof something similar. \n[^40]: The forms wat and met are underlyingly or diachronically\nwa=at ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span>’ and me=at\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=obj</span>’ (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), respectively, and cannot be\ncompared to a verb such as bo ‘to go’, which has two uninflected\nforms: bo and bot. \n[^41]: Note also that there are instances where there has been an\nobvious loss of prenasalisation between vowels – for example, in the\nnumerals /kodak/ ‘just one’ and /kodaet/ ‘one more’. These are\ndiachronically /kon/ + /tak/ and /kon/ + /taet/, respectively. It is\nlikely that these forms originally were \\[kondak̚\\] and \\[kondaet̚\\]\n(nasal assimilation, §<a href=\"#sec:assim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:assim\">[sec:assim]</a>), which were reanalysed\nas monomorphemic words before the nasal was removed for some reason.\nOtherwise, we would expect \\[korak̚\\] and \\[koraet̚\\] (lenition of\nintervocalic stops, §<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). \n[^42]: I started a test where I let different speakers transcribe the\nsame 11 sentences from corpus recordings, to see how they would\nsegment units. I did not do the test with more than two speakers,\nhowever, because I realised there was a lack of good speakers who\ncould write clearly enough to determine segments. Although most\nKalamang speakers are literate, many of them are not experienced or\nfluent writers. \n[^43]: Except for verbs in the imperative mood, which distinguish\nbetween singular and plural subjects\n(§<a href=\"#sec:verbdistr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbdistr\">[sec:verbdistr]</a>). \n[^44]: Note the similarity of this suffix with the last part of the\npronominal suffix -autak ‘alone’,\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>, and the last part of\nreidak ‘many’,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:inreidak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inreidak\">[exe:inreidak]</a>. \n[^45]: These are analysed as postpositions, not case markers, because of\nthe domain of attachment (the NP, not the noun), a lack of agreement\nor declension paradigms, and because the forms are almost mutually\nexclusive. The author has no strong preference for either analysis,\nand encourages the reader to replace “postposition” with “case\nmarker” in their mind if they wish. \n[^46]: See and for a definition of and information about the categories\niamitive and nondum, respectively. \n[^47]: A sixth root, teit- ‘neighbour’, was elicited as inalienable\nbut does not occur in the natural spoken corpus. \n[^48]: Several data points suggest a link between agentive nominaliser\n-et and a more general “animator”. Many animal names, especially\nthose for insects, end in -et or -let (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:letet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:letet\">48</a>). This is not a productive suffix\non animal names, and there is no proof of a diachronic relation with\nthe agentive nominaliser -et. However, note also the animate\nclassifier et- (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). A speculative relation\ncould be made between donenet ‘black ant’ and -nenen ‘body hair’\n(‘that which is hairy’), and between kalabet ‘earth worm’ and\nkalawen ‘soft’ (‘that which is soft’). Kedederet ‘k.o. bird’\ncould be derived from an onomatopoeion. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndonenet ‘black ant’ kalabet ‘earth worm’ kalkalet ‘mosquito’\nkapapet ‘glassy sweeper (k.o. fish)’ kedederet ‘k.o. small black\nbird’ pabalet ‘fly’ pueselet ‘spider’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:letet\" label=\"exe:letet\"></span> \n</div> \n[^49]: The general associative marker =kin is used to make similar\nconstructions to these. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>. \n[^50]: Japanese and Korean have similar phenomena, where quantifiers can\nbe both inside and outside the NP . \n[^51]: Contra the preliminary analysis of the Kalamang pronominal system\nin , clusivity is a well-established distinction in Kalamang. \n[^52]: This observation is impressionistic. It is based on a corpus\nsearch for pronouns with a suffixed numeral. A confounding factor is\nthat lower numerals are more common than higher numerals. \n[^53]: This is parallel to the local Malay, where mama tua and bapak\ntua are father or mother’s older sister and brother, respectively.\nA parent’s younger sister can be called (mama) ci, but I am not\naware of a corresponding term for men in use on Karas. \n[^54]: Using the established abbreviations for kinship terms: e = elder,\ny = younger, F = father, M = mother, B = brother, Z = sister, S =\nson, D = daughter, H = husband, W = wife. I.e. FeZ means ‘father’s\nelder sister’. \n[^55]: In other words, lineal kin of both two generations up and two\ngenerations down from ego is referred to as tara- \n[^56]: Polygamy is legal in Indonesia but not currently practiced on\nKaras. \n[^57]: Anak piara in local Malay. The parents of such a child are\ntypically alive and capable of taking care of children, and are in\ncontact with the child they have fostered out. This may be a\npractice that takes care of individuals or families that do not or\ncannot have children themselves, while at the same time lifting the\nburden from families with many children. \n[^58]: 7 = 6 + 1 is found in several languages of the area, among which\nare the Aru languages, Onin, Sekar and Uruangnirin . \n[^59]: There might be an intonational difference, but this was not\ntested for. \n[^60]: The West Bomberai language Mbaham has a word muur ‘branch’ and\na transport classifier mu- , and Iha has a classifier mur for\nboats, ‘motor’ and branches (Katherine Walker, p.c.). \n[^61]: While I elicited negative grammaticality judgments for mir-\nwith, for example, other modes of transport or other things made of\nwood, I have not had the chance to test pel- in combination with\nnouns other than ‘banana’. In other words, the status of pel- as a\nunique classifier is based on its lack of appearance in combination\nwith nouns other than ‘banana’ in the current corpus. \n[^62]: maybe tau ‘?’ + eir ‘two’, although ‘two sides’ is tawirir \n[^63]: These are pendapat ‘opinion’ (Malay loan), toman ‘bag’, hak\n‘right’ (Malay loan), kewe ‘house’, asal ‘origin’ (Malay loan)\nand guru ‘teacher’ (Malay loan). A reason that many of these are\nMalay loans might be that possessive constructions in Papuan Malay\nare made with a periphrastic construction (possessor + ‘have’ +\npossessum), which might trigger the use of a possessive pronoun\ninstead of a suffix in Kalamang. In any case, the number of\noccurrences of these words is so low in comparison to those of esa\n‘father’ and ema ‘mother’ that we will not consider them any\nfurther. \n[^64]: There is no restriction against a possessive suffix on a noun\nending in /a/, cf. nika-an ‘my fishing line’. \n[^65]: Compare also tamandi ‘how’, apparently formed with the question\nword root tama and the suffix -ndi. \n[^66]: Karas is spoken on a limestone island that rises out of the sea.\nBoth villages, Mas and Antalisa, are built on a strip of beach and\nthe adjacent slopes. \n[^67]: Note that the phonemes -n and -t (~ -d ~ -r) also occur\non demonstratives and question words, and pose a morphophonological\nproblem that is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>. \n[^68]: Other predicate enclitics, such as non-final =te and =ta or\nprogressive =teba, do not trigger the insertion of -t or -n. \n[^69]: The fact that the form with -n does not carry y- and vice\nversa may be related to them having different stress patterns:\nˈyecie vs eˈcien. All “uninflected” verbs with -n carry stress\non the last syllable, even if the verb without -n carries stress\non the first (e.g. ˈpotma vs potˈman ‘to cut’, ˈparuo vs\npaˈruon ‘to do’, ˈosie vs oˈsien) but yecie is the only one\nwith a difference in initial vowel. Syllable weight does not\nnormally play a role in stress assignment in Kalamang (as described\nin§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>). \n[^70]: Exceptions are gocie ‘to live’ and yecie ‘to return’, but\nbecause these have different semantics I have not listed them here.\nNote, however, that -cie in gocie may also be a morpheme, as\ngo means ‘place’. Those counterparts in -cie marked with an\nasterisk in the table were rejected in elicitation; the gaps remain\nto be tested. \n[^71]: A distinction between na in the meaning ‘to drink’ and in the\nmeaning ‘to eat’ was made to make the dataset comparable with other\nlanguages. Na ‘to eat’ was very unlikely to incorporate. For\ndetails, see . \n[^72]: This is why some reduplications are glossed as\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>’, instead of forcing a specific\nreading on them. \n[^73]: Four words in the lexicon might contain a fossilised prefix\nun-. These are unmasir ‘to give birth’ (cf, masir ‘to weed’),\nunkoryap ‘to divide’ (cf. koryap ‘to divide’, yap ‘to\ndivide’), unkawer ‘body fat’ (kawer not attested) and unsor\n‘orange-spotted trevally’ (cf. sor ‘fish’). \n[^74]: This construction was elicited with a picture of child washing\nits own hair, which was contrasted with a picture of a mother\nbathing a child. Showing the picture was accompanied by a request\nfor a translation of Malay anak mandi diri ‘the child bathes\nitself’ and saya mandi diri ‘I bathe myself’. \n[^75]: The translational equivalent of two applicatives and three\npromoted arguments is not entirely clear and therefore given with a\nquestion mark. \n[^76]: Other languages with a zero morpheme for ‘give’ are the Gum\nlanguages of Papua New Guinea, notably , and , a Muskogean language\n. \n[^77]: For comparative constructions, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:compcon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compcon\">[sec:compcon]</a>. \n[^78]: This is reminiscent of languages such as Candoshi (isolate,\nPeru), which describes colours with terms that translate as ‘like\nthe feathers of a Milvago bird’ . For Candoshi, it is claimed that\nthese terms only have secondary use as colour terms, and that the\nlanguage therefore does not really have colour terms. An overarching\nword ‘colour’ is also lacking. Although the latter is the case for\nKalamang as well, and Kalamang colour terms are clearly derived\nterms, the words mentioned here are used primarily as colour terms.\nPeople backtranslate baranggap as ‘yellow’, for example, and not\nas ‘like turmeric’. \n[^79]: The relation between aspect and universal quantification is\ndiscussed for Timor-Alor languages in . See also : “Completives\ndiffer from finish semantics in that the endpoint of the event is\nnot reached by some actor wilfully ending it, but because a totality\nof referents is affected”. In\n§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>, I argue that Kalamang\n=i koyet does both. \n[^80]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin (§<a href=\"#sec:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kin\">[sec:kin]</a>). The corpus instances of\ntoni followed by a verb that is not marked with =kin are\nambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’ reading. \n[^81]: This is a morphosyntactic definition for a morphosyntactic\nphenomenon. Often-used criteria such as intonation and event\nstructure (in e.g. ) are argued to be hard to falsify and to follow\nfrom a morphosyntactic definition (e.g. ). \n[^82]: Alternatively, it could be argued that bo is an independent\nform of bot. In that case, complex predicates with bo are not\nSVCs. \n[^83]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin. Toni can also mean ‘say; think’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvctoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvctoni\">14.2.3</a>), so many of the corpus\ninstances of toni followed by a verb that is not marked with\n=kin are ambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’\nreading. \n[^84]: In examples like this, I do not know whether the volitional\nmarker refers to the third person plural subject or to the subject\nof the matrix clause. \n[^85]: Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the\nuse of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only\noccurs on pronouns). \n[^86]: The iamitive can co-occur with the progressive, the iamitive can\nco-occur with the completive, the nondum can co-occur with the\nprogressive and the nondum can co-occur with the completive. The\niamitive and nondum cannot co-occur with each other. The progressive\nand completive cannot co-occur with each other either. \n[^87]: Similar to English ‘yet’. \n[^88]: There is not currently enough data to determine whether the\nposition in the clause has an effect on the scope of the modal\nmarkers. Also, the exact word class of these markers remains\nunclear. Most of them are verb-like (and three of them are borrowed\nfrom Malay verbs), but again, data is too scarce to make a coherent\nproposal, and hence they are just discussed as ‘modal markers’ here. \n[^89]: Suka is likely a nominalised verb or a noun, and hence examples\nwith suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> could be paraphrased as ‘is not\nof subject’s liking’. \n[^90]: Compare Papuan Malay jadi as a sentence-final particle that\nindicates the reason for the sentence, according to . \n[^91]: suggest that temporal-anaphoric adverbs are often diachronic\nsources of apprehensive markers. This also seems to be the case for\nKalamang mena ‘later; otherwise; in case’, which corresponds to\nlocal Malay nanti ‘later’, also used in precautionary\nconstructions . \n[^92]: for the similarities between conditionals and topics see . \n[^93]: As well as into copulas and definite markers . \n[^94]: mention demonstratives as sources for fillers to deal with\nword-formation trouble, but I have only observed me functioning as\na filler between clauses (see\nalso§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a> for placeholder neba). \n[^95]: An adapted version of this section, with focus on the structure\nof The money-defecating cow, will appear in . \n[^96]: There are more indications the latter is the case, e.g. speakers\nasking others for names of protagonists (narr20), giving their names\nat the end of the story (narr28) or supplying background information\n(switching to Malay) after the start of the story (narr18). The only\nstory that was recorded twice, once in Kalamang for the camera and\nan audience of one (besides the linguist) and once in Papuan Malay\nbefore a class of school children, has more background information\nin the second version. This may be due to practice, but it may also\nbe an adaptation to the audience. Alternatively, names and other\ndetails I consider to be ‘background information’ are not deemed\nimportant by the Kalamang storytellers whose narratives were\nanalysed here. \n[^97]: There are more rock formations that are thought to be boat or\nship wrecks, sometimes from as recently as the Second World War.\nSimilar explanations for geographical features in other societies in\neastern Indonesia are given in . Pannell writes that one of her\ninformants noted that “all places which have a name, have a person\nand a history associated with them”. This is the case for Kalamang\nas well, judging from some descriptive coastal place names on the\nbig Karas island, such as Grandmother’s Cape, Women’s Foothill,\nButon Fish House Cape. \n[^98]: I have the impression that this is more used towards outsiders\nwith passive knowledge of Kalamang (such as frequent visitors to the\nisland, or myself) than between Kalamang speakers themselves. There\nare no examples of it in the corpus. \n[^99]: There are three reasons yor is not analysed as meaning ‘yes’.\nFirst, an affirmative answer to a yes/no question is not typically\ngiven with yor but with a repetition of the subject and the verb.\nSecond, Kalamang speakers translate it into Papuan Malay as betul\n‘true’, not as (i)ya ‘yes’. Third, diachronically yor also seems\nto mean ‘true’ or ‘right’. It is used in words and expressions like\nkabor se yor-tayun ‘pregnant’ (lit. ‘stomach already yor-side’)\nand yorsik ‘straight’. \n[^100]: Such obscured or polite forms may also be made in other ways.\nAnother obscured/polite word for sugar or rice is muap iriskap,\nlit. ‘white food’, and another obscured/polite word for pitis\n‘money’ is lolok ‘leaf’. \n[^101]: Archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC6-C>. This text\nserves as an example. Five other glossed and translated texts are\npublished as . ELAN and XML files with glosses and translations are\navailable for all texts in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^102]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFE-F>. \n[^103]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^104]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BEC-7>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Who's that? Oh, just Kalamang and family.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Naman ba me? Geo, Kalamang mu ba.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Naman ba me? Geo, Kalamang mu ba.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "The clause", "Header 2": "Non-verbal clauses", "Header 3": "Similative constructions", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:sim\" label=\"sec:sim\"></span> There are several ways to\nmake a similative construction, that is, a construction to indicate that\na referent has a characteristic similar to another referent. These\ninvolve the words sama ‘same’ (cf. Malay sama ‘same’), nain ‘like’\nand the similative postposition =kap\n(§<a href=\"#sec:simcase\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:simcase\">[sec:simcase]</a>) in different\ncombinations, as shown in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:sim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:sim\">13.2</a>. Kalamang can make similative\nconstructions with just the enclitic =kap, just the word nain, a\ncombination of nain and =kap, or (occasionally) a combination of\nsama, nain and =kap. \n<div id=\"tab:sim\"> \n\| \| \| \| \|\n\|:-----\|:-------\|:-------\|:--------\|\n\| Subj \| \| \| N-kap \|\n\| Subj \| \| nain \| \|\n\| Subj \| sama \| nain \| N-kap \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSimilative constructions \n</div> \nThe similative postposition =kap can be used on its own, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kap22\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kap22\">[exe:kap22]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:kap33\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kap33\">[exe:kap33]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kap22\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kap22\">[exe:kap22]</a>), two things are compared,\nand in(<a href=\"#exe:kap33\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kap33\">[exe:kap33]</a>), one person is compared to\nmany. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kap22\" label=\"exe:kap22\"></span> ma per=kap=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nwater=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘It’s like water.’ <span id=\"exe:kap33\" label=\"exe:kap33\"></span> ka\nkalamang emumur=kap to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> Kalamang\nwoman.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\nright\n‘You are like the Kalamang women, aren’t you?’ \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kapnain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kapnain\">[exe:kapnain]</a>), =kap is used in\ncombination with nain, which also translates as ‘like’. This is not\nuncommon in the corpus, but it is unclear what drives the choice of a\ndouble similative marking. Constructions with nain N=kap are used\nfor equative constructions (as described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:eq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:eq\">13.3.5</a>), but it is common with similative\nconstructions as well. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kapnain\" label=\"exe:kapnain\"></span> ka nain\ntenggeles=kap ka bo tenggeles=kap=te don kuek=te kuru luk=te\nyuwa\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> like\neagle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> go\neagle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nthing steal=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> bring\ncome=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘You’re like an eagle, you turn into an eagle stealing stuff and\nbringing it back.’ \n</div> \nLike in equative constructions, a speaker can also opt to use the Malay\nloan word sama ‘same’ in similative constructions, such that we get\nexamples with sama nain N-kap.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:gierunggap\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gierunggap\">[exe:gierunggap]</a>), the quality of\nrice is described,\nwhile(<a href=\"#exe:nainan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nainan\">[exe:nainan]</a>) is from a story where a\nblack-furred monkey wants to get the same white fur as a cuscus. This is\na rare construction, with only four occurrences in the corpus. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:gierunggap\" label=\"exe:gierunggap\"></span> ikon me\nsama nain sontum gier-un=kap\nsome <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> same like person\ntooth-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=sim</span>\n‘Some are like people’s teeth.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:nainan\" label=\"exe:nainan\"></span> me sama=i nain\nan=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\nsame=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> like\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=sim</span>\n‘That is the same as me.’ \n</div> \nNain ‘like’ can also be used on its own.\n(<a href=\"#exe:semenn\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:semenn\">[exe:semenn]</a>) is said two utterances\nafter (<a href=\"#exe:gierunggap\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gierunggap\">[exe:gierunggap]</a>), by the same\nspeaker, still discussing the quality of rice. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:semenn\" label=\"exe:semenn\"></span> ikon me yar ikon me\nnain semen\nsome <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> stone some\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> like cement\n‘Some are stones, some are like cement.’ \n</div> \nSimilative constructions can also be used to compare entities or\npersons, such as God and Jesus\nin(<a href=\"#exe:isa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:isa\">[exe:isa]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:isa\" label=\"exe:isa\"></span> sontum kawir=ten toni Isa me\nnain tuhan=kap\nperson christian=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span> say Jesus\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> like\ngod=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\n‘Christians say Jesus is like God.’ \n</div> \nTo single out referents (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:nainrehan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nainrehan\">[exe:nainrehan]</a>), a similative\nconstruction with only nain ‘like’ can be used. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:nainrehan\" label=\"exe:nainrehan\"></span> tumtum opa me\nnain Kalamang=bon Rehan=bon mindi\nchildren <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> like\nKalamang=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nRehan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> like_that\n‘Those children were like Kalamang and Rehan, like that.’ \n</div> \nThe similative constructions above do not have a demonstrative function.\nFor that purpose, Kalamang has manner demonstratives wandi ‘like this’\nand mindi ‘like that’, forms that are likely derived from the proximal\nand distal demonstratives, respectively. These can be used in\ncombination with similative constructions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nainrehan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nainrehan\">[exe:nainrehan]</a>) above. Manner\ndemonstratives may be evoked to make similative constructions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tanunkoi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tanunkoi\">[exe:tanunkoi]</a>), which expresses close\nsimilarity between two referents, in this case the position of a doll’s\narm on a picture. More information about manner demonstratives can be\nfound in Chapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:tanunkoi\" label=\"exe:tanunkoi\"></span> wa=nan tan-un koi\nmindi weinun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>=too\narm-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> again like_this too\n‘This one too, his arm is again like this.’ \n</div> \nSimilative =kap is grammaticalised on colour terms, which all seem to\nderive from nouns. This allows us to hypothesise the nominal origins of\nKalamang colour terms see\nTable<a href=\"#tab:colours\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:colours\">13.3</a>. Earlier Kalamang speakers seem to\nhave used phrases meaning ‘like turmeric’ or ‘like charcoal’ to indicate\ncolours.[^78] \n<div id=\"tab:colours\"> \n\| colour term \| possible origin \|\n\|:--------------------------\|:----------------------------------\|\n\| welenggap ‘blue; green’ \| wele ‘vegetables’ \|\n\| kerkap ‘red’ \| unknown, perhaps karyak ‘blood’ \|\n\| baranggap ‘yellow’ \| barang ‘turmeric’ \|\n\| iriskap ‘white’ \| iren ‘ripe; white person’ \|\n\| kuskap ‘black’ \| kus ‘piece of charcoal’ \|\n\| \| \| \nPossible nominal origins of Kalamang colour terms \n</div> \nOther, perhaps newer colour terms are not formed according to this\npattern. Kowewep(kon) ‘grey; brown’ (from koep ‘ashes’) does not\ntake =kap. \nTo express sameness or true identity, i.e. where there is a single\nreferent, kodak ‘just one’ may be used, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kianbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kianbon\">[exe:kianbon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kianbon\" label=\"exe:kianbon\"></span> mu nakal-un\ntai-kodak=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nside-just_one=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘Their heads are on the same side.’ \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Maps", "Header 2": null, "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"ch:maps\" label=\"ch:maps\"></span>\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnarrnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">23.1</a> displays those names\nmentioned in the traditional narratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>).\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnames\">23.2</a> shows all recorded coastal\nnames of the big Karas island, and a few additional place names. For a\nbigger version, zoom in on the digital version of this page, or download\nthe map from the Kalamang archive.[^104] \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names_narratives.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Place names of Karas mentioned in traditional\nnarratives</figcaption>\n</figure> \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Coastal place names of Karas</figcaption>\n</figure> \n[^1]: Data taken from the 2018 and 2019 publications of Statistik Daerah\nKabupaten Fakfak \\[Statistics Fakfak Regency Area\\], published by\nthe Badan Pusat Statistik Daerah Fakfak \\[Central Bureau of\nStatistics Fakfak Area\\]. Publications can be found at\n<https://fakfakkab.bps.go.id/publication.html>. \n[^2]: This map seems to be an unpublished draft, but is for example used\nin . \n[^3]: (Sub)grouping in this paragraph according to Glottolog. \n[^4]: Data on the map (series 1501, sheet SA 53-13, edition 1) comes\nfrom the years 1956-1960. \n[^5]: Archived at <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF4-4> \n[^6]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFB-1> \n[^7]: Recordings of prayers can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF7-4>,\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D> and\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6>. Picture\nmaterial of shared meals is available at the last two links. \n[^8]: These comprise the water in Sebakor Bay, extending southwards at\nleast as far as Kitikiti waterfall (3°50’25.7\"S 132°47’57.5\"E). I do\nnot know if the waters west of the biggest Karas island belong to\nKaras district, or if the water is divided between the\nKalamang-speaking and Uruangnirin-speaking communities. \n[^9]: Of whom at least one has passed away since. \n[^10]: This was operationalised in Indonesian as lancar; yang tahu\nbahasa bagus sekali and kurang lancar; yang masih pikir-pikir. \n[^11]: While there is obviously a cline in proficiency from fluent to\nnon-fluent to minimal, it was no matter of discussion for my two\nconsultants whom to include as fluent and non-fluent speakers, and\nwhom to exclude from the speaker count. \n[^12]: The only instance where I have noticed people showing off with\nKalamang is when in public places in Fakfak with me, but it is used\nto trick others into believing that they are speaking English with\nme. \n[^13]: Kapaur in . \n[^14]: Patimuni in . In other sources spelled as Bah(a)am or Mbahaam. \n[^15]: explain well how the descriptive linguist both informs and is\ninformed by typology and formal linguistics. I can only hope I have\nstruck the right balance. \n[^16]: Audio recordings for phonetic analysis and of paradigms, made in\n2015, contain the voices of four other (partial) speakers. Their\nmetadata can be found in the corpus. \n[^17]: Other people to whom gifts were extended are my hosts in Fakfak\nand Mas, the village head of Mas, my local aunts, uncles and\ngrandmother, and other people with whom I maintained a personal\nrelationship. \n[^18]: The corpus, called The Kalamang collection: an archive of\nlinguistic and cultural material from Karas can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^19]: A fifth field trip was planned for 2020 but had to be cancelled\ndue to COVID-19. Luckily, I had enough data to finish the current\nstudy. Things that I had planned for the last field trip included\ndouble-checking the transcriptions of recordings made in 2019,\ndouble-checking all the examples used in this study, double-checking\nsome lemmas in the dictionary, collecting more pictures for the\ndictionary, recording audio samples of all lemmas, collecting\nrecordings of more genres (such as making offerings, ghost stories,\nand action camera recordings of people in their gardens and loading\na canoe), collecting supplementary grammaticality judgements on\nvarious topics (such as the apprehensive construction, classifiers,\npossessive constructions, prosody, quantifiers and reflexives) and\ncarrying out ethnobotanic/linguistic fieldwork in collaboration with\nan MA student in ethnobotany. \n[^20]: A breath group is what the speaker manages to say between two\nbreaths, and is a convenient way to divide utterances. This division\nwas not strictly followed. Sometimes people would pause without\nbreathing – for example at the end of a non-final clause. Some\nspeakers had a habit of uttering very long stretches of speech,\nseemingly without breathing. These stretches were divided wherever\nit seemed practical to do so during the transcription. \n[^21]: Transcribed recordings are archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^22]: Annotated elicited data is archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A>. \n[^23]: While I do think that there are differences in style and\nnaturalness between the three categories stimulus-based, narrative\nand conversations, I have not actually investigated this. Also, the\ncategories are not clear-cut. The stimulus-based recordings\nobviously can be narratives or conversations, conversations may\ncontain stretches of narrative, narratives may contain a short\nconversation with a passer-by, etc. This classification is just one\nway to give the reader at least some degree of context when reading\nan example. \n[^24]: Defined in as “connected naturally occurring utterance\\[s\\]”. \n[^25]: Some of it can be found in the conversations between Fajaria\nYarkuran and Nurmia Yarkuran (conv9–11, conv13–16), which are\ninterrupted by children entering the room. Some speakers also\naddress the linguist in an opening and a closing of a narrative in\nPapuan Malay (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>). Note that code switching\nbetween Kalamang and Papuan Malay without a change of audience,\ntypically for just a few words at a time, is very common and occurs\nin all recordings. \n[^26]: One song, Loflof, can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF9-5>, and the\nnarratives narr18 and narr19 contain short songs. The ritual chant\ntenggelele can be found in conv8. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:formula\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:formula\">[sec:formula]</a>. \n[^27]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^28]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^29]: These can currently be found at\n<https://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/representations/gloss/index.php?open=../../../../../includes/gramm_category_labels.inc>. \n[^30]: According to . I do not have access to the original report. \n[^31]: In fact, if one takes into account the WALS features and\nlanguages, the Papuan languages do not stand apart from the rest of\nthe world’s languages at all . \n[^32]: : “\\[W\\]e define East Nusantara as a geographical area that\nextends from Sumbawa to the west, across the islands of East Nusa\nTenggara, Maluku including Halmahera, and to the Bird’s Head of New\nGuinea in the east \\[...\\]. In the northwest, the area is bounded by\nSulawesi.” \n[^33]: Melanesia, based on the features considered in , “begins in the\narea of Flores-Sumba-Timor, reaches through New Guinea and into the\nBismarck Archipelago, and concludes in Vanuatu-New Caledonia”\n(p.122). Linguistic Wallacea is similar to East Nusantara.\nLinguistic Wallacea differs from Biological Wallacea in that the\nformer does not include Sulawesi and the latter does not include any\nparts of New Guinea. \n[^34]: Voiced stops do not occur syllable-finally, also not as\nunderlying phonemes. The voiceless stops that are syllable-final are\nso also underlyingly. \n[^35]: As counted in April 2019. \n[^36]: Timothy Usher (p.c.) suggests that this is the case because it\nderives historically from a longer form \\kinV. \n[^37]: Note that this is an intonational* pitch accent, not to be\nconfounded with lexical tones. \n[^38]: I checked 96 Papuan grammars and grammar sketches in 2018. Of\nthese, 29 make some mention of intonation, ranging from a brief\nmention in the chapter on discourse structuring to a number or arrow\nsystem to describe intonation created by the author of the grammar.\nOf these 29, only five grammars include pitch contours. Of those\nfive, only three have pitch contours generated with help of\nsoftware. Those three languages are described here. For the other\ntwo languages, Mauwake and Menggwa Dla, only hand-drawn pitch\ncontours without alignment or a Hz scale are available. The\ndescription of prosody in Qaqet came to my attention in 2020 and was\nadded subsequently. \n[^39]: There are other comparative data that may give a clue to the\norigin of /t/ and /n/. The West Bomberai language Iha has the\n(singular patient) -ny and (plural patient) -te conjugations in\nsome verbs , and the East Timorese language Fataluku has the same\nsubject clitic =n(u) and different subject =t(u) . Although\nKalamang has no synchronic number marking for patients or\nswitch-reference marking, the phonemes /t/ and /n/ may be remnants\nof something similar. \n[^40]: The forms wat and met are underlyingly or diachronically\nwa=at ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span>’ and me=at\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=obj</span>’ (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), respectively, and cannot be\ncompared to a verb such as bo ‘to go’, which has two uninflected\nforms: bo and bot. \n[^41]: Note also that there are instances where there has been an\nobvious loss of prenasalisation between vowels – for example, in the\nnumerals /kodak/ ‘just one’ and /kodaet/ ‘one more’. These are\ndiachronically /kon/ + /tak/ and /kon/ + /taet/, respectively. It is\nlikely that these forms originally were \\[kondak̚\\] and \\[kondaet̚\\]\n(nasal assimilation, §<a href=\"#sec:assim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:assim\">[sec:assim]</a>), which were reanalysed\nas monomorphemic words before the nasal was removed for some reason.\nOtherwise, we would expect \\[korak̚\\] and \\[koraet̚\\] (lenition of\nintervocalic stops, §<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). \n[^42]: I started a test where I let different speakers transcribe the\nsame 11 sentences from corpus recordings, to see how they would\nsegment units. I did not do the test with more than two speakers,\nhowever, because I realised there was a lack of good speakers who\ncould write clearly enough to determine segments. Although most\nKalamang speakers are literate, many of them are not experienced or\nfluent writers. \n[^43]: Except for verbs in the imperative mood, which distinguish\nbetween singular and plural subjects\n(§<a href=\"#sec:verbdistr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbdistr\">[sec:verbdistr]</a>). \n[^44]: Note the similarity of this suffix with the last part of the\npronominal suffix -autak ‘alone’,\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>, and the last part of\nreidak ‘many’,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:inreidak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inreidak\">[exe:inreidak]</a>. \n[^45]: These are analysed as postpositions, not case markers, because of\nthe domain of attachment (the NP, not the noun), a lack of agreement\nor declension paradigms, and because the forms are almost mutually\nexclusive. The author has no strong preference for either analysis,\nand encourages the reader to replace “postposition” with “case\nmarker” in their mind if they wish. \n[^46]: See and for a definition of and information about the categories\niamitive and nondum, respectively. \n[^47]: A sixth root, teit- ‘neighbour’, was elicited as inalienable\nbut does not occur in the natural spoken corpus. \n[^48]: Several data points suggest a link between agentive nominaliser\n-et and a more general “animator”. Many animal names, especially\nthose for insects, end in -et or -let (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:letet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:letet\">48</a>). This is not a productive suffix\non animal names, and there is no proof of a diachronic relation with\nthe agentive nominaliser -et. However, note also the animate\nclassifier et- (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). A speculative relation\ncould be made between donenet ‘black ant’ and -nenen ‘body hair’\n(‘that which is hairy’), and between kalabet ‘earth worm’ and\nkalawen ‘soft’ (‘that which is soft’). Kedederet ‘k.o. bird’\ncould be derived from an onomatopoeion. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndonenet ‘black ant’ kalabet ‘earth worm’ kalkalet ‘mosquito’\nkapapet ‘glassy sweeper (k.o. fish)’ kedederet ‘k.o. small black\nbird’ pabalet ‘fly’ pueselet ‘spider’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:letet\" label=\"exe:letet\"></span> \n</div> \n[^49]: The general associative marker =kin is used to make similar\nconstructions to these. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>. \n[^50]: Japanese and Korean have similar phenomena, where quantifiers can\nbe both inside and outside the NP . \n[^51]: Contra the preliminary analysis of the Kalamang pronominal system\nin , clusivity is a well-established distinction in Kalamang. \n[^52]: This observation is impressionistic. It is based on a corpus\nsearch for pronouns with a suffixed numeral. A confounding factor is\nthat lower numerals are more common than higher numerals. \n[^53]: This is parallel to the local Malay, where mama tua and bapak\ntua are father or mother’s older sister and brother, respectively.\nA parent’s younger sister can be called (mama) ci, but I am not\naware of a corresponding term for men in use on Karas. \n[^54]: Using the established abbreviations for kinship terms: e = elder,\ny = younger, F = father, M = mother, B = brother, Z = sister, S =\nson, D = daughter, H = husband, W = wife. I.e. FeZ means ‘father’s\nelder sister’. \n[^55]: In other words, lineal kin of both two generations up and two\ngenerations down from ego is referred to as tara- \n[^56]: Polygamy is legal in Indonesia but not currently practiced on\nKaras. \n[^57]: Anak piara in local Malay. The parents of such a child are\ntypically alive and capable of taking care of children, and are in\ncontact with the child they have fostered out. This may be a\npractice that takes care of individuals or families that do not or\ncannot have children themselves, while at the same time lifting the\nburden from families with many children. \n[^58]: 7 = 6 + 1 is found in several languages of the area, among which\nare the Aru languages, Onin, Sekar and Uruangnirin . \n[^59]: There might be an intonational difference, but this was not\ntested for. \n[^60]: The West Bomberai language Mbaham has a word muur ‘branch’ and\na transport classifier mu- , and Iha has a classifier mur for\nboats, ‘motor’ and branches (Katherine Walker, p.c.). \n[^61]: While I elicited negative grammaticality judgments for mir-\nwith, for example, other modes of transport or other things made of\nwood, I have not had the chance to test pel- in combination with\nnouns other than ‘banana’. In other words, the status of pel- as a\nunique classifier is based on its lack of appearance in combination\nwith nouns other than ‘banana’ in the current corpus. \n[^62]: maybe tau ‘?’ + eir ‘two’, although ‘two sides’ is tawirir \n[^63]: These are pendapat ‘opinion’ (Malay loan), toman ‘bag’, hak\n‘right’ (Malay loan), kewe ‘house’, asal ‘origin’ (Malay loan)\nand guru ‘teacher’ (Malay loan). A reason that many of these are\nMalay loans might be that possessive constructions in Papuan Malay\nare made with a periphrastic construction (possessor + ‘have’ +\npossessum), which might trigger the use of a possessive pronoun\ninstead of a suffix in Kalamang. In any case, the number of\noccurrences of these words is so low in comparison to those of esa\n‘father’ and ema ‘mother’ that we will not consider them any\nfurther. \n[^64]: There is no restriction against a possessive suffix on a noun\nending in /a/, cf. nika-an ‘my fishing line’. \n[^65]: Compare also tamandi ‘how’, apparently formed with the question\nword root tama and the suffix -ndi. \n[^66]: Karas is spoken on a limestone island that rises out of the sea.\nBoth villages, Mas and Antalisa, are built on a strip of beach and\nthe adjacent slopes. \n[^67]: Note that the phonemes -n and -t (~ -d ~ -r) also occur\non demonstratives and question words, and pose a morphophonological\nproblem that is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>. \n[^68]: Other predicate enclitics, such as non-final =te and =ta or\nprogressive =teba, do not trigger the insertion of -t or -n. \n[^69]: The fact that the form with -n does not carry y- and vice\nversa may be related to them having different stress patterns:\nˈyecie vs eˈcien. All “uninflected” verbs with -n carry stress\non the last syllable, even if the verb without -n carries stress\non the first (e.g. ˈpotma vs potˈman ‘to cut’, ˈparuo vs\npaˈruon ‘to do’, ˈosie vs oˈsien) but yecie is the only one\nwith a difference in initial vowel. Syllable weight does not\nnormally play a role in stress assignment in Kalamang (as described\nin§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>). \n[^70]: Exceptions are gocie ‘to live’ and yecie ‘to return’, but\nbecause these have different semantics I have not listed them here.\nNote, however, that -cie in gocie may also be a morpheme, as\ngo means ‘place’. Those counterparts in -cie marked with an\nasterisk in the table were rejected in elicitation; the gaps remain\nto be tested. \n[^71]: A distinction between na in the meaning ‘to drink’ and in the\nmeaning ‘to eat’ was made to make the dataset comparable with other\nlanguages. Na ‘to eat’ was very unlikely to incorporate. For\ndetails, see . \n[^72]: This is why some reduplications are glossed as\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>’, instead of forcing a specific\nreading on them. \n[^73]: Four words in the lexicon might contain a fossilised prefix\nun-. These are unmasir ‘to give birth’ (cf, masir ‘to weed’),\nunkoryap ‘to divide’ (cf. koryap ‘to divide’, yap ‘to\ndivide’), unkawer ‘body fat’ (kawer not attested) and unsor\n‘orange-spotted trevally’ (cf. sor ‘fish’). \n[^74]: This construction was elicited with a picture of child washing\nits own hair, which was contrasted with a picture of a mother\nbathing a child. Showing the picture was accompanied by a request\nfor a translation of Malay anak mandi diri ‘the child bathes\nitself’ and saya mandi diri ‘I bathe myself’. \n[^75]: The translational equivalent of two applicatives and three\npromoted arguments is not entirely clear and therefore given with a\nquestion mark. \n[^76]: Other languages with a zero morpheme for ‘give’ are the Gum\nlanguages of Papua New Guinea, notably , and , a Muskogean language\n. \n[^77]: For comparative constructions, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:compcon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compcon\">[sec:compcon]</a>. \n[^78]: This is reminiscent of languages such as Candoshi (isolate,\nPeru), which describes colours with terms that translate as ‘like\nthe feathers of a Milvago bird’ . For Candoshi, it is claimed that\nthese terms only have secondary use as colour terms, and that the\nlanguage therefore does not really have colour terms. An overarching\nword ‘colour’ is also lacking. Although the latter is the case for\nKalamang as well, and Kalamang colour terms are clearly derived\nterms, the words mentioned here are used primarily as colour terms.\nPeople backtranslate baranggap as ‘yellow’, for example, and not\nas ‘like turmeric’. \n[^79]: The relation between aspect and universal quantification is\ndiscussed for Timor-Alor languages in . See also : “Completives\ndiffer from finish semantics in that the endpoint of the event is\nnot reached by some actor wilfully ending it, but because a totality\nof referents is affected”. In\n§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>, I argue that Kalamang\n=i koyet does both. \n[^80]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin (§<a href=\"#sec:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kin\">[sec:kin]</a>). The corpus instances of\ntoni followed by a verb that is not marked with =kin are\nambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’ reading. \n[^81]: This is a morphosyntactic definition for a morphosyntactic\nphenomenon. Often-used criteria such as intonation and event\nstructure (in e.g. ) are argued to be hard to falsify and to follow\nfrom a morphosyntactic definition (e.g. ). \n[^82]: Alternatively, it could be argued that bo is an independent\nform of bot. In that case, complex predicates with bo are not\nSVCs. \n[^83]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin. Toni can also mean ‘say; think’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvctoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvctoni\">14.2.3</a>), so many of the corpus\ninstances of toni followed by a verb that is not marked with\n=kin are ambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’\nreading. \n[^84]: In examples like this, I do not know whether the volitional\nmarker refers to the third person plural subject or to the subject\nof the matrix clause. \n[^85]: Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the\nuse of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only\noccurs on pronouns). \n[^86]: The iamitive can co-occur with the progressive, the iamitive can\nco-occur with the completive, the nondum can co-occur with the\nprogressive and the nondum can co-occur with the completive. The\niamitive and nondum cannot co-occur with each other. The progressive\nand completive cannot co-occur with each other either. \n[^87]: Similar to English ‘yet’. \n[^88]: There is not currently enough data to determine whether the\nposition in the clause has an effect on the scope of the modal\nmarkers. Also, the exact word class of these markers remains\nunclear. Most of them are verb-like (and three of them are borrowed\nfrom Malay verbs), but again, data is too scarce to make a coherent\nproposal, and hence they are just discussed as ‘modal markers’ here. \n[^89]: Suka is likely a nominalised verb or a noun, and hence examples\nwith suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> could be paraphrased as ‘is not\nof subject’s liking’. \n[^90]: Compare Papuan Malay jadi as a sentence-final particle that\nindicates the reason for the sentence, according to . \n[^91]: suggest that temporal-anaphoric adverbs are often diachronic\nsources of apprehensive markers. This also seems to be the case for\nKalamang mena ‘later; otherwise; in case’, which corresponds to\nlocal Malay nanti ‘later’, also used in precautionary\nconstructions . \n[^92]: for the similarities between conditionals and topics see . \n[^93]: As well as into copulas and definite markers . \n[^94]: mention demonstratives as sources for fillers to deal with\nword-formation trouble, but I have only observed me functioning as\na filler between clauses (see\nalso§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a> for placeholder neba). \n[^95]: An adapted version of this section, with focus on the structure\nof The money-defecating cow, will appear in . \n[^96]: There are more indications the latter is the case, e.g. speakers\nasking others for names of protagonists (narr20), giving their names\nat the end of the story (narr28) or supplying background information\n(switching to Malay) after the start of the story (narr18). The only\nstory that was recorded twice, once in Kalamang for the camera and\nan audience of one (besides the linguist) and once in Papuan Malay\nbefore a class of school children, has more background information\nin the second version. This may be due to practice, but it may also\nbe an adaptation to the audience. Alternatively, names and other\ndetails I consider to be ‘background information’ are not deemed\nimportant by the Kalamang storytellers whose narratives were\nanalysed here. \n[^97]: There are more rock formations that are thought to be boat or\nship wrecks, sometimes from as recently as the Second World War.\nSimilar explanations for geographical features in other societies in\neastern Indonesia are given in . Pannell writes that one of her\ninformants noted that “all places which have a name, have a person\nand a history associated with them”. This is the case for Kalamang\nas well, judging from some descriptive coastal place names on the\nbig Karas island, such as Grandmother’s Cape, Women’s Foothill,\nButon Fish House Cape. \n[^98]: I have the impression that this is more used towards outsiders\nwith passive knowledge of Kalamang (such as frequent visitors to the\nisland, or myself) than between Kalamang speakers themselves. There\nare no examples of it in the corpus. \n[^99]: There are three reasons yor is not analysed as meaning ‘yes’.\nFirst, an affirmative answer to a yes/no question is not typically\ngiven with yor but with a repetition of the subject and the verb.\nSecond, Kalamang speakers translate it into Papuan Malay as betul\n‘true’, not as (i)ya ‘yes’. Third, diachronically yor also seems\nto mean ‘true’ or ‘right’. It is used in words and expressions like\nkabor se yor-tayun ‘pregnant’ (lit. ‘stomach already yor-side’)\nand yorsik ‘straight’. \n[^100]: Such obscured or polite forms may also be made in other ways.\nAnother obscured/polite word for sugar or rice is muap iriskap,\nlit. ‘white food’, and another obscured/polite word for pitis\n‘money’ is lolok ‘leaf’. \n[^101]: Archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC6-C>. This text\nserves as an example. Five other glossed and translated texts are\npublished as . ELAN and XML files with glosses and translations are\navailable for all texts in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^102]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFE-F>. \n[^103]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^104]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BEC-7>." } ], "index": 25, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Who's that? Oh, just Kalamang and family.", "split": "train" }
Bakri emun mu bo ibanruo reba.	Bakri's mother and family go searching for worms.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Bakri's mother and family go searching for worms.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Bakri\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Banda Islands\nKalamang translation: Andan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Bakri\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pestle for coconut and kanari nut\nKalamang translation: rusinggain\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: greatgrandmother\nKalamang translation: ninanus; tataninanus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mother\nKalamang translation: ema\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"family\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: have a family\nKalamang translation: ruma tangga\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"family\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: family\nKalamang translation: wol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go out\nKalamang translation: keluar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go quickly\nKalamang translation: sasat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"searching\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: search\nKalamang translation: sanggara\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"searching\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: search fish with light\nKalamang translation: masu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"for\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: for\nKalamang translation: untuk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"for\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cry for\nKalamang translation: koecuan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"worms\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: worm\nKalamang translation: iban; subuman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"worms\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: stomach worm\nKalamang translation: yes\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Bakri\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother's tub is broken, she wants to wash clothes but she can't.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun bintangun se parair ma dodonwaruotkin ba eranun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Bakri\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother is sieving sago, she wants to make sago.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun muapsabur kurera reba minggi sanggeran paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother lost weight, she's small.\nKalamang translation: Saiilima emun kadenun tur, kaden cicaun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.\nKalamang translation: Tamandi emun kiwat semda bo dalangdalang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"family\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mustafa's father and family want to go to the garden, they are still waiting for Sakina.\nKalamang translation: Mustafa esun mu amdirga botkin mu tok Sakinat nawanggar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"family\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tuti and family go to the mountain to harvest nutmeg.\nKalamang translation: Tuti mu bo keleka ra sayangsara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I go landwards at that edge.\nKalamang translation: An asun menggara mara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We go pick shells.\nKalamang translation: In bo tabuonkajie reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"searching\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: An ibis is watching fish standing on a stone.\nKalamang translation: Kurua kona yarkeitko mambara sorara jaga.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"searching\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sakina is pouching guavas.\nKalamang translation: Sakina sarimara lawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"for\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sara is diving for clams\nKalamang translation: Sara bo kanyuotkowar teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"for\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm getting strings for a basket.\nKalamang translation: An kiemalunara rep.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"worms\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Before, they wore loin cloths.\nKalamang translation: Wise me mu kewara sabur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"worms\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many earthworms at the banana tree.\nKalamang translation: Im ewun me kalabet reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:tailhead\" label=\"sec:tailhead\"></span> Tail-head linkage\nis the repetition of the last (part of a) clause in a clause chain at\nthe beginning of the next clause chain . This is a common\nclause-combining device in Kalamang. The amount of material repeated\nvaries from the entire clause to just the predicate, but the latter is\nthe most common. When tail-head linkage is not achieved by conjoining,\nit may be combined with the construction =i koyet (which expresses\ncompletive aspect but is only used to link clauses, and translates as\n‘after’; see §<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>). Another clause-linking\ndevice, non-final marker =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>), is also seen on the recapitulated\npredicate, confirming de Vries’ (2005: 372) observation that\nclause-linking strategies used elsewhere in the language are also\nemployed in tail-head linkage. All tail-head linkage in Kalamang is used\nfor sequential events or actions. \nAll examples given in this section contain the last part of a clause\nchain ending in a low boundary tone (indicated by a full stop), and the\nentire next clause chain from the repeated part to the next low boundary\ntone. Rising intonation is indicated by a comma. \n(<a href=\"#exe:svthl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:svthl\">[exe:svthl]</a>) shows the repetition of the\nentire clause (in b), consisting of subject and predicate. \nKoi go yuolet ma koi maruaret.\nkoi go yuol=et ma koi maruat=et\nthen condition day=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again\nmove_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘When it was day, he went towards sea again.’\n<span id=\"exe:yuoletmaruaret\" label=\"exe:yuoletmaruaret\"></span> Ma\nkoi maruaret, mindi weinun ma era ma pewun karuarten met nani\nkoyet,\nma koi maruat=et mindi weinun ma era ma pep-un karuar=ten met nan=i\nkoyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again\nmove_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> like_that too\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> ascend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\npig-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nsmoke_dry=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n‘He went towards sea again, like that too he came up and after he ate\ntheir smoked pig,’ a emun gounat koyet kieri koyet ma he ecien.\na emun go-un=at koyet kiet=i koyet ma se ecien\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">hes</span>\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nplace-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> finish\ndefecate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn\n‘after defecating in their mother’s place, he went back.’\n<span id=\"exe:svthl\" label=\"exe:svthl\"></span> \n(<a href=\"#exe:ovthl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ovthl\">[exe:ovthl]</a>) shows the repetition of\nobject and predicate (in b). Note that the object and predicate at the\nend of the first chain are followed by an afterthought balgi to ‘with\ndogs, right’. This afterthought is not repeated at the beginning of the\nnext clause chain. Repetition of the object is not obligatory,\nas(<a href=\"#exe:paningi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paningi\">[exe:paningi]</a>) shows. \nMier bore pewat sanggara, balgi to.\nmier bo=te pep=at sanggara bal=ki to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\npig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> search\ndog=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins</span> right\n‘They two went hunting \\[lit. searching\\] pigs, with a dog, right. \nPewat sanggara, ma era, emnem muawunat nani koyet,\npep=at sanggara ma era emnem muap-un=at nan=i koyet\npig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> search\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> ascend mother\nfood-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n‘Searching for pigs, he went up, after eating the mother’s food, \nma he koi kietkieri koyet, ma he yecie.\nma se koi kiet∼kiet=i koyet ma se yecie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nagain\ndefecate∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> return\n‘after defecating again, he returned.’ \n<span id=\"exe:ovthl\" label=\"exe:ovthl\"></span> \n(<a href=\"#exe:predthl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:predthl\">[exe:predthl]</a>) shows the repetition of\njust the predicate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMindia bo nani koyet bal se taouk.\nmindia bo nan=i koyet bal se taouk\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> go\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish dog\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> lie_down\n‘After going eating like that, the dog lies down.’ \nTaouk, goras opa me naminyasa: “Aduh!”\ntauk goras opa me naminyasa aduh\nlie_down crow <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> regret\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.mly</span>\n‘Lies down, that crow regrets: “Ah!”’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:predthl\" label=\"exe:predthl\"></span> \n</div> \nOtherwise, repetition of the predicate is either done by marking the\nrepeated part with completive aspect =i koyet\n(examples<a href=\"#exe:samsii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:samsii\">[exe:samsii]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:paningi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paningi\">[exe:paningi]</a>), or by marking it with\nnon-final =ta (§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:subanda\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:subanda\">[exe:subanda]</a>), creating a link not\nonly between the tail and the head, but also between the head and the\nfollowing clause. \nManyori koyet ma yorsik an koi desili paruo samsik.\nmanyor=i koyet ma yorsik an koi desil=i paruo samsik\nadjust=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> straight\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> then\nplane=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> make thin\n‘After adjusting it’s straight and then I plane it to make it thin.’ \nSamsi koyet an koliepliunat dikolko.\nsamsik=i koyet an koliep∼liep-un=at di=kolko\nthin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ncheeck∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl-3poss=obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_out\n‘After it’s thin, I get rid of its sides \\[lit. cheeks\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:samsii\" label=\"exe:samsii\"></span> \nAn bo mu erunat paning.\nan bo mu et-un=at paning\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ncanoe-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> ask\n‘I went to ask them for their canoe.’ \nPaningi koyet, mu he lo,\npaning=i koyet mu se lo\nask=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nconsent\n‘After asking, they consented,’ \nan se kuru mian bo seranat sanggaran,\nan se kuru mian bo set-an=at sanggaran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbring come go bait-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n‘I brought \\[the canoe to my place\\] and went searching my bait,’ \nseranat sanggarani koyet, nikan, yalan,\nset-an=at sanggaran=i koyet nika-an yal-an\nbait-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=obj</span>\nsearch=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nline-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\npaddle-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n‘after searching my bait, my line, my paddle,’ \nmet kuru baran an se bot.\nmet kuru baran an se bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span> bring descend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo\n‘brought that down, I went.’ <span id=\"exe:paningi\"\nlabel=\"exe:paningi\"></span> \nAn se koi ma tebolsuban.\nan se koi ma tebolsuban\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nthen move_landwards fish_at_reef_edge\n‘Then I moved towards land to fish at the reef edge.’ \nMa tepnerga marua, tebolsuban.\nma tepner=ka marua tebolsuban\nmove_landwards deep_seawater-<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\nmove_seawards fish_at_reef_edge\n‘Moved towards land from the deep seawater, moved towards sea, fished at\nthe reef edge.’ \nTebolsubanda, kabaruawan erir karuok.\ntebolsuban=ta kabaruap-an et-eir karuok\nfish_at_reef_edge=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngrouper-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-two three\n‘Fishing at the reef edge, I had two or three groupers.’ \n<span id=\"exe:subanda\" label=\"exe:subanda\"></span> \n(<a href=\"#exe:oskitko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:oskitko\">[exe:oskitko]</a>) shows the repetition of\njust the location in the predicate. This may have a scene-setting\nfunction, but there are not enough examples in the corpus to make a\nconclusive analysis. \nIn langganat pararani koyet bo turusi bo oskitko.\nin langgan=at pararan=i koyet bo turus=i bo os-keit=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nwood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nextend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish go\nfurther=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> go\nbeach-top=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘After extending the wood we went further to the beach.’ \nOskitko, in muat paning.\nos-keit=ko in mu=at paning\nbeach-top=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=obj</span> ask\n‘On the beach we asked them.’ \n<span id=\"exe:oskitko\" label=\"exe:oskitko\"></span>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThere is no previous ethnographic research conducted on Karas or the\nKalamang-speaking community. In this section, I share my own\nethnographic observations. All fieldwork was carried out in Mas, and\nthese ethnographic remarks are based on what I observed there,\nsupplemented by a cultural questionnaire I completed in 2019 with three\npeople from Mas.[^5] I have regularly visited Antalisa during all field\ntrips, and have no reason to believe that there are substantial\ndifferences between the villages. \nThe Kalamang-speaking community is largely comprised of fishermen and\nfarmers of nutmeg. They live in two villages, each with their own\nvillage head, following Indonesian social organisation. The kinship\nsystem is patrilineal. Close relationships, outside the nuclear family,\nare maintained with parents, aunts and uncles, and cousins. Resources\nare often pooled within the extended family for large undertakings like\nbuilding a house, or expensive events like tertiary education or\nmarriage. The woman is the head of the household, and the man is mainly\nresponsible for fishing. Nutmeg farming is an extended family business.\nThe inhabitants of Mas and Antalisa are Muslims, observing many Islamic\ncustoms, though mixing them with local ones. The majority live in\nconcrete houses roughly organized around a central square containing the\nvillage mosque. There is no known art. The skills for other material\nculture, such as woven products and canoes, are still practised but are\non the verge of being superseded by purchased modern materials. \nI have knowledge of rites connected to the following life events:\npregnancy, the first time a newborn leaves the house, the child’s first\nhaircut, circumcision, prenuptial negotiations, welcoming a new wife to\nthe island, marriage, the third day of marriage, entering other people’s\nhouses for the first time (for wives from outside the island), putting\nthe roof on a house, burial and memorials of a death. The following is a\nlist of recordings in the corpus where these rites are illustrated. The\ncode is a unique corpus tag. With help of this tag, the relevant\nrecordings and supplementary material like photographs can be found in\nthe corpus. An overview of all recordings can be found in the Appendix\non page. \n- prenuptial negotiations:\n[narr2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BCF-3) \n- welcoming a new wife (Tenggelele):\n[conv8](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D) \n- marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- third day of marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- putting the roof on a house:\n[narr3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD7-2) \n- burial: [conv7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC3-B) \n- death memorials:\n[narr1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD8-4) \nI have observed first-hand all the above-mentioned rituals with three\nexceptions: the rituals relating to entering someone’s house for the\nfirst time, pregnancy, and circumcision. Consultants have described\nthese as follows. \nWhen a wife from outside the island marries a man from Mas or Antalisa,\nshe cannot enter other people’s houses before the following ritual is\nperformed. The owners of the house must spread out a white cloth from\nthe entrance of their house, via which the woman enters. After that, she\nreceives another piece of cloth (typically an industrially-made\n“sarong”, a square piece or tube of cloth that can be worn wrapped\naround the waist). \nAt six months into a woman’s first pregnancy, one of her brothers ties a\nstring of pandanus leaf around her clothed belly and cuts it with a\nknife or scissors. This string is tied around a tree, e.g. a coconut\ntree, by the father-to-be, which is a sign that this tree now belongs to\nthe brother. The name of this ritual is koramtolma (koram has no\nindependent meaning; tolma means ‘to cut a string’). \nTwo other marked events are the bathing of the child at less than three\ndays after birth, and the bathing of the mother 40 days after giving\nbirth, after which the child may come out of the house (‘see the sun’)\nfor the first time. The first feeding of the child is also around this\ntime, and is accompanied by bestowing a name upon the child (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a> about names). The name is\nchosen by an older, respected community member. The child’s first\nhaircut is a festive gathering where a brother of the mother cuts off a\nbit of the child’s first hair. Attendees give money to the parents. The\nfirst haircut was traditionally observed in earlier times, but has only\nrecently become celebrated as a festive event. \nCircumcision is practised on both boys and girls when they are around\nnine years of age. The ritual is only attended and performed by people\nof the same sex as the child(ren) to be circumcised. Male circumcision\nis the cutting of the foreskin. It is unknown what female circumcision\non Karas consists of. The ritual is typically performed for more than\none child at the same time, and with inhabitants from both Kalamang- and\nUruangnirin-speaking villages combined. It is a big festive occasion\nthat is combined with dancing in the evening, comparable to marriages. \nDances are called nasula or tarian (Indonesian tarian; menari).\nConsultants report that people used to dance together in double pairs\n(two men and two women) lead by a foreman, but this practice has\ndisappeared. People dance on their own when performing traditional\ndances. The dances are accompanied by the beating of two types of drums\n(tiri, a flat drum with hide on top, hit with the hand, and tetetas,\na tall drum with hide on the side, hit with a stick), a gong and a\nflute. During my visits, no flute was available and a recording of the\nflute was played instead, while the drums were played live. Recordings\nof drumming and dancing are available in the corpus.[^6] Contemporary\ndancing (Indonesian joget) is mainly performed by adolescents to\ncontemporary Indonesian music and often takes the form of line-dancing\nor dancing in groups where everyone performs the same movements. \nAll rituals are accompanied by Islamic prayers, recited by the imam, who\nsits in front of a tray with a glass of cigarettes, betel leaves and\nincense. The prayers are joined by the men, and sometimes also the\nwomen. Another regular feature of rituals is a shared meal or tea. For\nboth prayers and the meal, it is common that the men sit in the guest\nreception room (the most important and biggest room of the house,\nlocated at the front, Indonesian ruang tamu) and the women and\nchildren are in the back of the house, close to the kitchen. This\npractice is not always strictly observed, and especially older women may\njoin the men in the front. A meal consists at least of coffee and tea\nserved with tea sweets (various cakes and fried tubers and banana), and\noften also includes warm food (rice and several fish and meat\naccompaniments). While people sit in a big rectangle on the floor along\nthe wall, the food is served in the middle of the room in a smaller\nsquare or rectangle, typically on a cloth or a banner on the floor. Food\nis served on evenly spaced plates, from which people serve to their own\nplates. Water is served in sealed plastic cups. Very sweet coffee and\ntea is served in glasses filled to the brim as a sign of respect (this\nalso applies to serving coffee and tea at home, whereas boiled water is\nthe norm to drink and serve at home).[^7] \nThe feeding of ancestors is practised when people want to build on a new\nsite, or get rid of pain or an illness they think they have contracted\nfrom a certain place (say a root that they stumbled over). I have not\nwitnessed this, but the ritual is described by consultants as follows.\nIn the house of the traditional authority (Indonesian tokoh adat), a\nplate is prepared with bits of betel nut, betel leaf, cooked fish,\ncoconut, tobacco, root vegetables or banana, rice, black cloth, cooking\noil and an egg. Sometimes prayers are read. The tokoh adat then takes\nthe plate to the place in question, or to a small rock in the sea in\nfront of Mas village (which is said to be related to the tokoh adat’s\nancestors), and confers with the ancestors (without speaking out loud).\nFor particularly important matters, a freshly washed white chicken may\nbe brought to the place in question, where its throat is cut and its\nblood is spread. The chicken is then buried in the middle of the area\nwhere the blood was spread. \nMany people file their teeth as adolescents or young adults. It is\nunknown why. Tattoos and piercings are not allowed, but reports tattoos\non the chest and scarifications of crosses on the arms and shoulders.\nOne consultant says body paint was used in former times during war and\nhongi raids. Men wear their hair short and women long. Most people go\nbareheaded, but cover their heads on formal and religious occasions.\nPeople wear contemporary Indonesian attire. On formal, festive and\nreligious occasions this means a sarong, shirt and black cap (Indonesian\nsongkok) for men, and a sarong, blouse (Indonesian kebaya) and\nheadcloth for women. While some of the older women wear headcloths that\nonly cover the hair, most younger women choose to wear a tight-fitting\nhijab. \nThe main religion in Mas and Antalisa is Islam. While daily prayers\nafter sunset are only attended by a handful of pious men in Mas, the\nmidday Friday prayers are attended by most men and boys. Women are\nhardly seen in the mosque. Most children take lessons in learning to\nread Arabic and recite prayers for several years. Gatherings for\nblessing prayers (Indonesian doa selamat) are very common, and are\nheld for blessing e.g. new boats, children who are about to take an\nexam, people who are about to set off on a long journey, etc. Although\nthere are many wild pigs on Karas, no one eats pork. On Thursdays in the\nlate afternoon, prayers for the dead are recited in several homes, after\nwhich a visit to the graves is paid. \nIslam probably arrived on the island around the time when it fell under\nthe sultanate of Tidore, which existed from 1450 to 1904. J.C. Keyts,\nwho visited the Karas Islands in 1678, describes the inhabitants as\nheathens . In 1872, when J.G. Coorengel visited, the inhabitants of at\nleast Faor are described as Muslims . There might have been an\nin-between stage when only leaders were converted . The oldest people in\nMas confirm that their grandparents were Muslims as well. The Islamic\nreligion, as in many places in Indonesia, is mixed with local customs .\nAn example of this are the small offerings that accompany prayer\nrecital, usually in the form of betel nuts, cigarettes, betel leaves and\nsometimes pastries. \nKalamang people residing on the island have two main sources of income:\nfishing and the production of nutmeg and mace (from Myristica\nargentea). While some people have small businesses selling their fish\nin Fakfak on an irregular basis, most people sell their fish to a\nBalinese trading company that has a storage place for live fish floating\nin the water close to Antalisa or Mas . Species sold are groupers\n(Plectropomus leopardus, areolatus, maculatus and oligacanthus,\nCromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and mixed groupers,\naccording to ) and lobsters (Panulirus versicolor). Different kinds of\ndried trepang (species unknown) are sold in Fakfak. Kalamang people may\nfish anywhere in Karas district waters, although people have their\npreferred spots for finding certain fish. People may set up temporary\ncamps on beaches close to lobster-diving places, to collect lobsters\nover several days before selling. A semi-permanent camp, where people\nmay reside for up to several months, is Timi Nepnep in the southern part\nof Sebakor Bay (on the New Guinea mainland). Outsiders who want to fish\nin Karas waters[^8] must ask permission from one of the village heads. \nNutmeg and mace are planted in family gardens behind the white sand\nbeaches on the big Karas island. These gardens are inherited by the\neldest son, who must divide the land among the siblings, though men\ninherit more than women. One may only harvest one’s own nutmeg. Nutmeg\nand mace are sold to traders in Fakfak, the regency capital. Between\ntheir nutmeg plantations and the white sand beaches, people plant\ncoconut trees. These are mainly harvested for personal use. People also\nuse their land to source firewood and collect wild edible things such as\nTahitian chestnuts (Inocarpus fagifer). Some people have a vegetable\ngarden which may or may not be on the same beach as their nutmeg\nplantation. This is for personal use or to sell produce on a small scale\nto people in the village. The crops planted in gardens are typically\nmaize, tomato, aubergine, beans, root vegetables, several banana species\nand various leafy greens. The gardens are usually kept by couples. \nBesides a health station (Indonesian puskesmas), a community building\nand a mosque, both Mas and Antalisa have a primary school with six\ngrades. In Mas, the head of the school is currently a civil servant\ndeployed from his native Sulawesi. A group of two to four teachers,\nmostly local people, teach in the three classrooms. For junior high,\nchildren move to Malakuli or Fakfak. Although the official statistics\nfor Fakfak regency report a 99% school participation level, I estimate\nthe level to be a little lower, at least in Mas, where several children\nwere out of school during my visits. Those people who complete higher\neducation move to work in the district capital Malakuli, in Fakfak, or\nelsewhere in Indonesia. The only Karas-born person with higher education\nliving in Mas is one of the school teachers. \nChildren’s work consists of small jobs like getting water from the well,\nsweeping the floor and, for girls, washing clothes. Line fishing from\nthe dock is a common activity for both boys and girls, as well as female\nadolescents. Adolescent boys join their fathers fishing and diving.\nWomen may also join their husbands to assist in fishing and diving, and\nmay also be seen fishing from the dock at night, fishing from small\npaddle canoes, or searching for shells at low tide. Night fishing at low\ntide seems to be a men’s activity. Other men’s tasks are constructing\nhouses, repairing machines, maintaining canoes and chopping firewood.\nWomen are responsible for cleaning, cooking, gardening and washing.\nHandicrafts such as weaving baskets and mats are also practised by\nwomen, but many of the women under 40 no longer have these skills, as\ncheap plastic replacements for these items are now available. In the\nnutmeg plantations much of the work is joint, although it is the men who\nclimb the trees to pluck the nutmeg (with the help of a bamboo stick\nwith a barb on it), while the women gather the fruits on the ground and\nsplit them open. \nAlthough some of the rituals described earlier seem to suggest that\nKalamang society has a custom of marrying women and not men from outside\nthe island, both variants of exogamy are currently practised. Kalamang\npeople have intermarried with people from Java, the Moluccas (especially\nGorom), Sulawesi (especially Bugis and Muna) and closer islands such as\nthe Kei islands and the other Karas Islands. This process has been going\non for at least several decades, with one of my oldest consultants\nhaving a Buginese father. The reason many partners come from the same\nareas in Indonesia is that these people may suggest new partners from\ntheir home town for Kalamang people looking for a suitable partner.\nEndogamy is also allowed and, judging from the different terms for\ncross-cousins (korapmur, who can be married), and parallel cousins\n(dudanmur, who count as siblings and cannot be married) this has also\nbeen tradition. Polygamy is permitted but is not currently practised.\nBridewealth must be paid by the groom’s side to the bride’s side. This\nmay range from several million rupiah to several dozen million rupiah,\ndepending on the wealth of the family and status of the people to be\nmarried. A village marriage usually does not involve more than 10\nmillion rupiah (approximately € 600), but the bridewealth for a city\nmarriage between high earners with high-status jobs (such as civil\nservant or business owner) may approach 100 million rupiah\n(approximately € 6000). It is mainly the bride’s family’s responsibility\nto organise and pay for the wedding, but the groom’s family may help\nwith this as well. \nPeople live in large concrete or (increasingly rare) wooden houses with\none or sometimes two nuclear families, often accompanied by\n(grand)parents and sometimes unmarried siblings of the parents. It is\nalso common to live together with an adopted child if one is childless\n(typically the child of a sibling of the caretaker) or if the child is\nan orphan. Nieces and nephews are considered children by their aunts and\nuncles. Aunts and uncles of the same sex as the parent (mother’s sisters\nand father’s brothers) are called ema and esa, respectively, the\nsame word as used for ‘mother’ and ‘father’. The Kalamang kinship system\nis similar to an Iroquois kinship system (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a> for details). Everyone\nhas a surname. There are five surnames considered indigenous in Mas:\nGusek, Yarkuran, Yorkuran, Yorre and Wambur. People feel connected to\npeople with the same surname. Surnames are inherited from the father.\nMore information about kinship terms and terms of address can be found\nin §<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Bakri's mother and family go searching for worms.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Bakri emun mu bo ibanruo reba.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Bakri emun mu bo ibanruo reba.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Multiclausal constructions", "Header 2": "Coordination-like clause combining", "Header 3": "Tail-head linkage", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:tailhead\" label=\"sec:tailhead\"></span> Tail-head linkage\nis the repetition of the last (part of a) clause in a clause chain at\nthe beginning of the next clause chain . This is a common\nclause-combining device in Kalamang. The amount of material repeated\nvaries from the entire clause to just the predicate, but the latter is\nthe most common. When tail-head linkage is not achieved by conjoining,\nit may be combined with the construction =i koyet (which expresses\ncompletive aspect but is only used to link clauses, and translates as\n‘after’; see §<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>). Another clause-linking\ndevice, non-final marker =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>), is also seen on the recapitulated\npredicate, confirming de Vries’ (2005: 372) observation that\nclause-linking strategies used elsewhere in the language are also\nemployed in tail-head linkage. All tail-head linkage in Kalamang is used\nfor sequential events or actions. \nAll examples given in this section contain the last part of a clause\nchain ending in a low boundary tone (indicated by a full stop), and the\nentire next clause chain from the repeated part to the next low boundary\ntone. Rising intonation is indicated by a comma. \n(<a href=\"#exe:svthl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:svthl\">[exe:svthl]</a>) shows the repetition of the\nentire clause (in b), consisting of subject and predicate. \nKoi go yuolet ma koi maruaret.\nkoi go yuol=et ma koi maruat=et\nthen condition day=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again\nmove_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘When it was day, he went towards sea again.’\n<span id=\"exe:yuoletmaruaret\" label=\"exe:yuoletmaruaret\"></span> Ma\nkoi maruaret, mindi weinun ma era ma pewun karuarten met nani\nkoyet,\nma koi maruat=et mindi weinun ma era ma pep-un karuar=ten met nan=i\nkoyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again\nmove_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> like_that too\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> ascend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\npig-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nsmoke_dry=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n‘He went towards sea again, like that too he came up and after he ate\ntheir smoked pig,’ a emun gounat koyet kieri koyet ma he ecien.\na emun go-un=at koyet kiet=i koyet ma se ecien\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">hes</span>\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nplace-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> finish\ndefecate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn\n‘after defecating in their mother’s place, he went back.’\n<span id=\"exe:svthl\" label=\"exe:svthl\"></span> \n(<a href=\"#exe:ovthl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ovthl\">[exe:ovthl]</a>) shows the repetition of\nobject and predicate (in b). Note that the object and predicate at the\nend of the first chain are followed by an afterthought balgi to ‘with\ndogs, right’. This afterthought is not repeated at the beginning of the\nnext clause chain. Repetition of the object is not obligatory,\nas(<a href=\"#exe:paningi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paningi\">[exe:paningi]</a>) shows. \nMier bore pewat sanggara, balgi to.\nmier bo=te pep=at sanggara bal=ki to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\npig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> search\ndog=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins</span> right\n‘They two went hunting \\[lit. searching\\] pigs, with a dog, right. \nPewat sanggara, ma era, emnem muawunat nani koyet,\npep=at sanggara ma era emnem muap-un=at nan=i koyet\npig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> search\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> ascend mother\nfood-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n‘Searching for pigs, he went up, after eating the mother’s food, \nma he koi kietkieri koyet, ma he yecie.\nma se koi kiet∼kiet=i koyet ma se yecie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nagain\ndefecate∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> return\n‘after defecating again, he returned.’ \n<span id=\"exe:ovthl\" label=\"exe:ovthl\"></span> \n(<a href=\"#exe:predthl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:predthl\">[exe:predthl]</a>) shows the repetition of\njust the predicate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMindia bo nani koyet bal se taouk.\nmindia bo nan=i koyet bal se taouk\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> go\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish dog\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> lie_down\n‘After going eating like that, the dog lies down.’ \nTaouk, goras opa me naminyasa: “Aduh!”\ntauk goras opa me naminyasa aduh\nlie_down crow <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> regret\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.mly</span>\n‘Lies down, that crow regrets: “Ah!”’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:predthl\" label=\"exe:predthl\"></span> \n</div> \nOtherwise, repetition of the predicate is either done by marking the\nrepeated part with completive aspect =i koyet\n(examples<a href=\"#exe:samsii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:samsii\">[exe:samsii]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:paningi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paningi\">[exe:paningi]</a>), or by marking it with\nnon-final =ta (§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:subanda\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:subanda\">[exe:subanda]</a>), creating a link not\nonly between the tail and the head, but also between the head and the\nfollowing clause. \nManyori koyet ma yorsik an koi desili paruo samsik.\nmanyor=i koyet ma yorsik an koi desil=i paruo samsik\nadjust=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> straight\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> then\nplane=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> make thin\n‘After adjusting it’s straight and then I plane it to make it thin.’ \nSamsi koyet an koliepliunat dikolko.\nsamsik=i koyet an koliep∼liep-un=at di=kolko\nthin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ncheeck∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl-3poss=obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_out\n‘After it’s thin, I get rid of its sides \\[lit. cheeks\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:samsii\" label=\"exe:samsii\"></span> \nAn bo mu erunat paning.\nan bo mu et-un=at paning\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ncanoe-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> ask\n‘I went to ask them for their canoe.’ \nPaningi koyet, mu he lo,\npaning=i koyet mu se lo\nask=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nconsent\n‘After asking, they consented,’ \nan se kuru mian bo seranat sanggaran,\nan se kuru mian bo set-an=at sanggaran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbring come go bait-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n‘I brought \\[the canoe to my place\\] and went searching my bait,’ \nseranat sanggarani koyet, nikan, yalan,\nset-an=at sanggaran=i koyet nika-an yal-an\nbait-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=obj</span>\nsearch=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nline-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\npaddle-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n‘after searching my bait, my line, my paddle,’ \nmet kuru baran an se bot.\nmet kuru baran an se bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span> bring descend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo\n‘brought that down, I went.’ <span id=\"exe:paningi\"\nlabel=\"exe:paningi\"></span> \nAn se koi ma tebolsuban.\nan se koi ma tebolsuban\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nthen move_landwards fish_at_reef_edge\n‘Then I moved towards land to fish at the reef edge.’ \nMa tepnerga marua, tebolsuban.\nma tepner=ka marua tebolsuban\nmove_landwards deep_seawater-<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\nmove_seawards fish_at_reef_edge\n‘Moved towards land from the deep seawater, moved towards sea, fished at\nthe reef edge.’ \nTebolsubanda, kabaruawan erir karuok.\ntebolsuban=ta kabaruap-an et-eir karuok\nfish_at_reef_edge=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngrouper-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-two three\n‘Fishing at the reef edge, I had two or three groupers.’ \n<span id=\"exe:subanda\" label=\"exe:subanda\"></span> \n(<a href=\"#exe:oskitko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:oskitko\">[exe:oskitko]</a>) shows the repetition of\njust the location in the predicate. This may have a scene-setting\nfunction, but there are not enough examples in the corpus to make a\nconclusive analysis. \nIn langganat pararani koyet bo turusi bo oskitko.\nin langgan=at pararan=i koyet bo turus=i bo os-keit=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nwood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nextend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish go\nfurther=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> go\nbeach-top=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘After extending the wood we went further to the beach.’ \nOskitko, in muat paning.\nos-keit=ko in mu=at paning\nbeach-top=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=obj</span> ask\n‘On the beach we asked them.’ \n<span id=\"exe:oskitko\" label=\"exe:oskitko\"></span>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "Ethnographic and socio-economic remarks", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "There is no previous ethnographic research conducted on Karas or the\nKalamang-speaking community. In this section, I share my own\nethnographic observations. All fieldwork was carried out in Mas, and\nthese ethnographic remarks are based on what I observed there,\nsupplemented by a cultural questionnaire I completed in 2019 with three\npeople from Mas.[^5] I have regularly visited Antalisa during all field\ntrips, and have no reason to believe that there are substantial\ndifferences between the villages. \nThe Kalamang-speaking community is largely comprised of fishermen and\nfarmers of nutmeg. They live in two villages, each with their own\nvillage head, following Indonesian social organisation. The kinship\nsystem is patrilineal. Close relationships, outside the nuclear family,\nare maintained with parents, aunts and uncles, and cousins. Resources\nare often pooled within the extended family for large undertakings like\nbuilding a house, or expensive events like tertiary education or\nmarriage. The woman is the head of the household, and the man is mainly\nresponsible for fishing. Nutmeg farming is an extended family business.\nThe inhabitants of Mas and Antalisa are Muslims, observing many Islamic\ncustoms, though mixing them with local ones. The majority live in\nconcrete houses roughly organized around a central square containing the\nvillage mosque. There is no known art. The skills for other material\nculture, such as woven products and canoes, are still practised but are\non the verge of being superseded by purchased modern materials. \nI have knowledge of rites connected to the following life events:\npregnancy, the first time a newborn leaves the house, the child’s first\nhaircut, circumcision, prenuptial negotiations, welcoming a new wife to\nthe island, marriage, the third day of marriage, entering other people’s\nhouses for the first time (for wives from outside the island), putting\nthe roof on a house, burial and memorials of a death. The following is a\nlist of recordings in the corpus where these rites are illustrated. The\ncode is a unique corpus tag. With help of this tag, the relevant\nrecordings and supplementary material like photographs can be found in\nthe corpus. An overview of all recordings can be found in the Appendix\non page. \n- prenuptial negotiations:\n[narr2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BCF-3) \n- welcoming a new wife (Tenggelele):\n[conv8](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D) \n- marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- third day of marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- putting the roof on a house:\n[narr3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD7-2) \n- burial: [conv7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC3-B) \n- death memorials:\n[narr1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD8-4) \nI have observed first-hand all the above-mentioned rituals with three\nexceptions: the rituals relating to entering someone’s house for the\nfirst time, pregnancy, and circumcision. Consultants have described\nthese as follows. \nWhen a wife from outside the island marries a man from Mas or Antalisa,\nshe cannot enter other people’s houses before the following ritual is\nperformed. The owners of the house must spread out a white cloth from\nthe entrance of their house, via which the woman enters. After that, she\nreceives another piece of cloth (typically an industrially-made\n“sarong”, a square piece or tube of cloth that can be worn wrapped\naround the waist). \nAt six months into a woman’s first pregnancy, one of her brothers ties a\nstring of pandanus leaf around her clothed belly and cuts it with a\nknife or scissors. This string is tied around a tree, e.g. a coconut\ntree, by the father-to-be, which is a sign that this tree now belongs to\nthe brother. The name of this ritual is koramtolma (koram has no\nindependent meaning; tolma means ‘to cut a string’). \nTwo other marked events are the bathing of the child at less than three\ndays after birth, and the bathing of the mother 40 days after giving\nbirth, after which the child may come out of the house (‘see the sun’)\nfor the first time. The first feeding of the child is also around this\ntime, and is accompanied by bestowing a name upon the child (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a> about names). The name is\nchosen by an older, respected community member. The child’s first\nhaircut is a festive gathering where a brother of the mother cuts off a\nbit of the child’s first hair. Attendees give money to the parents. The\nfirst haircut was traditionally observed in earlier times, but has only\nrecently become celebrated as a festive event. \nCircumcision is practised on both boys and girls when they are around\nnine years of age. The ritual is only attended and performed by people\nof the same sex as the child(ren) to be circumcised. Male circumcision\nis the cutting of the foreskin. It is unknown what female circumcision\non Karas consists of. The ritual is typically performed for more than\none child at the same time, and with inhabitants from both Kalamang- and\nUruangnirin-speaking villages combined. It is a big festive occasion\nthat is combined with dancing in the evening, comparable to marriages. \nDances are called nasula or tarian (Indonesian tarian; menari).\nConsultants report that people used to dance together in double pairs\n(two men and two women) lead by a foreman, but this practice has\ndisappeared. People dance on their own when performing traditional\ndances. The dances are accompanied by the beating of two types of drums\n(tiri, a flat drum with hide on top, hit with the hand, and tetetas,\na tall drum with hide on the side, hit with a stick), a gong and a\nflute. During my visits, no flute was available and a recording of the\nflute was played instead, while the drums were played live. Recordings\nof drumming and dancing are available in the corpus.[^6] Contemporary\ndancing (Indonesian joget) is mainly performed by adolescents to\ncontemporary Indonesian music and often takes the form of line-dancing\nor dancing in groups where everyone performs the same movements. \nAll rituals are accompanied by Islamic prayers, recited by the imam, who\nsits in front of a tray with a glass of cigarettes, betel leaves and\nincense. The prayers are joined by the men, and sometimes also the\nwomen. Another regular feature of rituals is a shared meal or tea. For\nboth prayers and the meal, it is common that the men sit in the guest\nreception room (the most important and biggest room of the house,\nlocated at the front, Indonesian ruang tamu) and the women and\nchildren are in the back of the house, close to the kitchen. This\npractice is not always strictly observed, and especially older women may\njoin the men in the front. A meal consists at least of coffee and tea\nserved with tea sweets (various cakes and fried tubers and banana), and\noften also includes warm food (rice and several fish and meat\naccompaniments). While people sit in a big rectangle on the floor along\nthe wall, the food is served in the middle of the room in a smaller\nsquare or rectangle, typically on a cloth or a banner on the floor. Food\nis served on evenly spaced plates, from which people serve to their own\nplates. Water is served in sealed plastic cups. Very sweet coffee and\ntea is served in glasses filled to the brim as a sign of respect (this\nalso applies to serving coffee and tea at home, whereas boiled water is\nthe norm to drink and serve at home).[^7] \nThe feeding of ancestors is practised when people want to build on a new\nsite, or get rid of pain or an illness they think they have contracted\nfrom a certain place (say a root that they stumbled over). I have not\nwitnessed this, but the ritual is described by consultants as follows.\nIn the house of the traditional authority (Indonesian tokoh adat), a\nplate is prepared with bits of betel nut, betel leaf, cooked fish,\ncoconut, tobacco, root vegetables or banana, rice, black cloth, cooking\noil and an egg. Sometimes prayers are read. The tokoh adat then takes\nthe plate to the place in question, or to a small rock in the sea in\nfront of Mas village (which is said to be related to the tokoh adat’s\nancestors), and confers with the ancestors (without speaking out loud).\nFor particularly important matters, a freshly washed white chicken may\nbe brought to the place in question, where its throat is cut and its\nblood is spread. The chicken is then buried in the middle of the area\nwhere the blood was spread. \nMany people file their teeth as adolescents or young adults. It is\nunknown why. Tattoos and piercings are not allowed, but reports tattoos\non the chest and scarifications of crosses on the arms and shoulders.\nOne consultant says body paint was used in former times during war and\nhongi raids. Men wear their hair short and women long. Most people go\nbareheaded, but cover their heads on formal and religious occasions.\nPeople wear contemporary Indonesian attire. On formal, festive and\nreligious occasions this means a sarong, shirt and black cap (Indonesian\nsongkok) for men, and a sarong, blouse (Indonesian kebaya) and\nheadcloth for women. While some of the older women wear headcloths that\nonly cover the hair, most younger women choose to wear a tight-fitting\nhijab. \nThe main religion in Mas and Antalisa is Islam. While daily prayers\nafter sunset are only attended by a handful of pious men in Mas, the\nmidday Friday prayers are attended by most men and boys. Women are\nhardly seen in the mosque. Most children take lessons in learning to\nread Arabic and recite prayers for several years. Gatherings for\nblessing prayers (Indonesian doa selamat) are very common, and are\nheld for blessing e.g. new boats, children who are about to take an\nexam, people who are about to set off on a long journey, etc. Although\nthere are many wild pigs on Karas, no one eats pork. On Thursdays in the\nlate afternoon, prayers for the dead are recited in several homes, after\nwhich a visit to the graves is paid. \nIslam probably arrived on the island around the time when it fell under\nthe sultanate of Tidore, which existed from 1450 to 1904. J.C. Keyts,\nwho visited the Karas Islands in 1678, describes the inhabitants as\nheathens . In 1872, when J.G. Coorengel visited, the inhabitants of at\nleast Faor are described as Muslims . There might have been an\nin-between stage when only leaders were converted . The oldest people in\nMas confirm that their grandparents were Muslims as well. The Islamic\nreligion, as in many places in Indonesia, is mixed with local customs .\nAn example of this are the small offerings that accompany prayer\nrecital, usually in the form of betel nuts, cigarettes, betel leaves and\nsometimes pastries. \nKalamang people residing on the island have two main sources of income:\nfishing and the production of nutmeg and mace (from Myristica\nargentea). While some people have small businesses selling their fish\nin Fakfak on an irregular basis, most people sell their fish to a\nBalinese trading company that has a storage place for live fish floating\nin the water close to Antalisa or Mas . Species sold are groupers\n(Plectropomus leopardus, areolatus, maculatus and oligacanthus,\nCromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and mixed groupers,\naccording to ) and lobsters (Panulirus versicolor). Different kinds of\ndried trepang (species unknown) are sold in Fakfak. Kalamang people may\nfish anywhere in Karas district waters, although people have their\npreferred spots for finding certain fish. People may set up temporary\ncamps on beaches close to lobster-diving places, to collect lobsters\nover several days before selling. A semi-permanent camp, where people\nmay reside for up to several months, is Timi Nepnep in the southern part\nof Sebakor Bay (on the New Guinea mainland). Outsiders who want to fish\nin Karas waters[^8] must ask permission from one of the village heads. \nNutmeg and mace are planted in family gardens behind the white sand\nbeaches on the big Karas island. These gardens are inherited by the\neldest son, who must divide the land among the siblings, though men\ninherit more than women. One may only harvest one’s own nutmeg. Nutmeg\nand mace are sold to traders in Fakfak, the regency capital. Between\ntheir nutmeg plantations and the white sand beaches, people plant\ncoconut trees. These are mainly harvested for personal use. People also\nuse their land to source firewood and collect wild edible things such as\nTahitian chestnuts (Inocarpus fagifer). Some people have a vegetable\ngarden which may or may not be on the same beach as their nutmeg\nplantation. This is for personal use or to sell produce on a small scale\nto people in the village. The crops planted in gardens are typically\nmaize, tomato, aubergine, beans, root vegetables, several banana species\nand various leafy greens. The gardens are usually kept by couples. \nBesides a health station (Indonesian puskesmas), a community building\nand a mosque, both Mas and Antalisa have a primary school with six\ngrades. In Mas, the head of the school is currently a civil servant\ndeployed from his native Sulawesi. A group of two to four teachers,\nmostly local people, teach in the three classrooms. For junior high,\nchildren move to Malakuli or Fakfak. Although the official statistics\nfor Fakfak regency report a 99% school participation level, I estimate\nthe level to be a little lower, at least in Mas, where several children\nwere out of school during my visits. Those people who complete higher\neducation move to work in the district capital Malakuli, in Fakfak, or\nelsewhere in Indonesia. The only Karas-born person with higher education\nliving in Mas is one of the school teachers. \nChildren’s work consists of small jobs like getting water from the well,\nsweeping the floor and, for girls, washing clothes. Line fishing from\nthe dock is a common activity for both boys and girls, as well as female\nadolescents. Adolescent boys join their fathers fishing and diving.\nWomen may also join their husbands to assist in fishing and diving, and\nmay also be seen fishing from the dock at night, fishing from small\npaddle canoes, or searching for shells at low tide. Night fishing at low\ntide seems to be a men’s activity. Other men’s tasks are constructing\nhouses, repairing machines, maintaining canoes and chopping firewood.\nWomen are responsible for cleaning, cooking, gardening and washing.\nHandicrafts such as weaving baskets and mats are also practised by\nwomen, but many of the women under 40 no longer have these skills, as\ncheap plastic replacements for these items are now available. In the\nnutmeg plantations much of the work is joint, although it is the men who\nclimb the trees to pluck the nutmeg (with the help of a bamboo stick\nwith a barb on it), while the women gather the fruits on the ground and\nsplit them open. \nAlthough some of the rituals described earlier seem to suggest that\nKalamang society has a custom of marrying women and not men from outside\nthe island, both variants of exogamy are currently practised. Kalamang\npeople have intermarried with people from Java, the Moluccas (especially\nGorom), Sulawesi (especially Bugis and Muna) and closer islands such as\nthe Kei islands and the other Karas Islands. This process has been going\non for at least several decades, with one of my oldest consultants\nhaving a Buginese father. The reason many partners come from the same\nareas in Indonesia is that these people may suggest new partners from\ntheir home town for Kalamang people looking for a suitable partner.\nEndogamy is also allowed and, judging from the different terms for\ncross-cousins (korapmur, who can be married), and parallel cousins\n(dudanmur, who count as siblings and cannot be married) this has also\nbeen tradition. Polygamy is permitted but is not currently practised.\nBridewealth must be paid by the groom’s side to the bride’s side. This\nmay range from several million rupiah to several dozen million rupiah,\ndepending on the wealth of the family and status of the people to be\nmarried. A village marriage usually does not involve more than 10\nmillion rupiah (approximately € 600), but the bridewealth for a city\nmarriage between high earners with high-status jobs (such as civil\nservant or business owner) may approach 100 million rupiah\n(approximately € 6000). It is mainly the bride’s family’s responsibility\nto organise and pay for the wedding, but the groom’s family may help\nwith this as well. \nPeople live in large concrete or (increasingly rare) wooden houses with\none or sometimes two nuclear families, often accompanied by\n(grand)parents and sometimes unmarried siblings of the parents. It is\nalso common to live together with an adopted child if one is childless\n(typically the child of a sibling of the caretaker) or if the child is\nan orphan. Nieces and nephews are considered children by their aunts and\nuncles. Aunts and uncles of the same sex as the parent (mother’s sisters\nand father’s brothers) are called ema and esa, respectively, the\nsame word as used for ‘mother’ and ‘father’. The Kalamang kinship system\nis similar to an Iroquois kinship system (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a> for details). Everyone\nhas a surname. There are five surnames considered indigenous in Mas:\nGusek, Yarkuran, Yorkuran, Yorre and Wambur. People feel connected to\npeople with the same surname. Surnames are inherited from the father.\nMore information about kinship terms and terms of address can be found\nin §<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>." } ], "index": 26, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Bakri's mother and family go searching for worms.", "split": "train" }
An don kang komain, eba an arekmang: adihǃ	I hit a sharp thing, then I screamed: ouch!	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: I hit a sharp thing, then I screamed: ouch!\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"hit\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: hit with tool\nKalamang translation: koyak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"hit\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: hit\nKalamang translation: burbur; duk; kararma; pue; tu; kosara\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sharp\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sharp\nKalamang translation: belbel; kang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sharp\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sharp rock\nKalamang translation: yar kangkang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"thing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thing\nKalamang translation: don\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"thing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thin and flat thing\nKalamang translation: tak; taun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"then\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: then\nKalamang translation: baru; eba; koi; mera; siktak; terus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"then\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"screamed\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: coconut scraper\nKalamang translation: tara\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"screamed\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: scream\nKalamang translation: arekmang; genggueng\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ouch\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: touch\nKalamang translation: kosara\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ouch\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pouch\nKalamang translation: lawalawat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"hit\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's father hit and wounded his toenail.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun kor tanggalip dukta patin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"hit\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yes, hit him again.\nKalamang translation: Esie, mat ture weinun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I saw Hidayat's father and family skin a deer.\nKalamang translation: An kona Hidayat esun mu rusat kawaruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That crow is making a nest in the coconut.\nKalamang translation: Goras yume eunara wat kerunggo paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sharp\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomi's mother was throwing fishing line and caught a shark.\nKalamang translation: Tomi emun wienmukta loptengat ramie reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sharp\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor's machete is sharp.\nKalamang translation: Mayor sadawaun me kang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"thing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The cat is dropping that thing.\nKalamang translation: Sikan don met naberuai bara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"thing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We sat chatting, Bobi's mother said something wrong, we laughed at her.\nKalamang translation: In melalu garungda, Bobi emun salai garungda, in mat komayeki.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"then\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I slept until morning, then I got up.\nKalamang translation: An minda go dungda an parar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"then\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"screamed\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A mosquito bit me, it itched and I scratched.\nKalamang translation: Kalkalet anat koraruora, layierta an kaware.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"screamed\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We scrape the papaya stem.\nKalamang translation: In polkayak arunat kowaren.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ouch\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ouch\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sakina is pouching guavas.\nKalamang translation: Sakina sarimara lawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThis section describes the use of the six demonstratives.\n§<a href=\"#sec:wa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wa\">[sec:wa]</a> discusses the uses of proximal\nwa, §<a href=\"#sec:me\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:me\">[sec:me]</a> that of distal me* and\n§<a href=\"#sec:owa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:owa\">[sec:owa]</a> that of far distal owa.\n§<a href=\"#sec:demopa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:demopa\">[sec:demopa]</a> describes anaphoric\ndemonstrative opa, and\n§<a href=\"#sec:elevdem\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:elevdem\">[sec:elevdem]</a> focuses on elevationals\nyawe ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">down</span>’ and osa\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">up</span>’. Discourse organisational use of\ndemonstrative forms (§<a href=\"#sec:discdems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discdems\">[sec:discdems]</a>) is only found with\ndistal forms. \nAs an introduction, consider the following example. The two most\nversatile basic forms, the proximal wa and the distal me, typically\nevoke speaker-oriented spatial information. This is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kewewaa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kewewaa\">[exe:kewewaa]</a>), repeated from\n§<a href=\"#sec:basicdem\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:basicdem\">11.1.1</a>, where speaker A uses the\nproximal form for a picture that is on the table in front of him.\nSpeaker B first uses the distal form, and then switches to the proximal\nform in combination with pointing, because speaker A has now picked up\nthe picture so that B is closer to it. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nberarti kewe-un=a wa ye\nthat_means house-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> or\n‘That means this is his house?’ \\[points at picture lying on the table\\]\nkewe-un=a me kewe main ecien=i kewe-un=a wa\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> house\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘That’s his house, he returns to his house.’ \\[points at picture\\] ‘This\nis his house.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:kewewaa\" label=\"exe:kewewaa\"></span> \n</div> \nThese basic forms, as well as the far distal owa, have additional\nsemantic and pragmatic properties other than the spatial ones. In the\nfollowing sections, temporal, manner, anaphoric and other uses of the\ndemonstratives are described. With such a plethora of forms and\nfunctions, it is not surprising that we find utterances\nlike(<a href=\"#exe:pai\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pai\">[exe:pai]</a>). Taken from an explanation about\nthe use of plant medicine, it shows a nice combination of the pragmatic\nuse of demonstratives (metko as a sequential marker and the expression\nma he me, discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:discdems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discdems\">[sec:discdems]</a>) and the spatial\nsemantics of demonstratives (predicative watko ‘here’ and pronominal\nwane ‘this’). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nPai koyet metko mindi kouet, mindi kou watko, wane, wane. Metkoet eh ma\nhe me.\npak=i koyet metko mindi kou=et mindi kou watko wane\nwane metko=et eh ma se me\nchew=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span> like_that\nblow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> like_that blow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nthere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘After chewing, then we do like that, blow, blow like this here, this\nand this. Then, that’s it.’ <span id=\"exe:pai\" label=\"exe:pai\"></span> \n</div> \nFigure<a href=\"#fig:wane\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:wane\">11.1</a> shows the video stills from the time\nof utterance of the three spatial demonstratives\nin(<a href=\"#exe:pai\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pai\">[exe:pai]</a>), which are accompanied by\npointing. \n<figure id=\"fig:wane\"> \n<figcaption>Hair Yorkuran explaining the application of\n<em>langgulanggur</em>, <em>watko</em> ‘here’ (left), <em>wane</em>\n‘this’ (middle) and <em>wane</em> ‘this’ (right)</figcaption>\n</figure>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:quantall\" label=\"sec:quantall\"></span> As introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcquant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcquant\">6.4.2</a>, Kalamang has six non-numeral\nquantifiers. They are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:quant2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:quant2\">9.2</a>. \n<div id=\"tab:quant2\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:------------\|:--------------\|\n\| bolon \| a little \|\n\| taukon \| some \|\n\| ikon \| some \|\n\| reidak \| much/many \|\n\| reingge \| not much/many \|\n\| tebonggan \| all \|\n\| \| \| \nNon-numeral quantifiers \n</div> \nBolon occurs with non-count referents. It is the only non-numeral\nquantifier that co-occurs with -tak ‘only, just’, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:buoksarun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:buoksarun\">[exe:buoksarun]</a>). Like with kon\n‘one’ + -tak, which becomes kodak, the final nasal of the root is\ndeleted and the plosive is voiced: bolon + -tak = bolodak. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu buoksarun=at paruo ba bolodak to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\noffering=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> make but little_only right\n‘They are making the offering, but just a little, right.’\n<span id=\"exe:buoksarun\" label=\"exe:buoksarun\"></span> \n</div> \nTaukon ‘some’ and ikon ‘some’ appear to have the same meaning,\nalthough the former only occurs seven times in the natural spoken\ncorpus, whereas the latter has 28 occurrences. Both can be used with\nanimate and inanimate referents. They are illustrated modifying an\nanimate noun in(<a href=\"#exe:tumtau\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tumtau\">[exe:tumtau]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:murkon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:murkon\">[exe:murkon]</a>). It is likely that these\nquantifiers were originally morphologically complex (cf. words like\nkon ‘one’, tawir ‘side’[^62] and taikon ‘half; one side’). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \no tumtum taukon me Bobi emun=a kona\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> children some\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Bobi\nmother=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> see\n‘O, some children, Bobi’s mother saw them.’ <span id=\"exe:tumtau\"\nlabel=\"exe:tumtau\"></span> emumur ikon toni a ma se me\nwoman.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span> some say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘Some women said: “Ah, that’s it.”’ <span id=\"exe:murkon\"\nlabel=\"exe:murkon\"></span> \n</div> \nReidak ‘much; many’ and reingge ‘not much; not many’ each consist of\ntwo morphemes. The first, rei, may be related to the numeral building\nblock reit- ‘hundred’. The second morpheme in reingge is a\nprenasalised ge ‘no’ (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:prenas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:prenas\">[sec:prenas]</a> on remnants of\nprenasalisation and §<a href=\"#sec:negnonv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negnonv\">[sec:negnonv]</a> on negation). The second\nmorpheme in reidak is reminiscent of -tak ‘just, only’. The fact\nthat -tak (or -dak) is found on numerals and on bolon ‘a little’\nsuggests that -dak in reidak is the same morpheme, unique to the\nquantifier word class. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum reidak toni mu\nperson many say <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n‘Many people say they \\[...\\].’ <span id=\"exe:sontumreidak\"\nlabel=\"exe:sontumreidak\"></span> sontum reingge opa me sinara=at\nparuon\nperson not_many <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\noffering=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> do\n‘Those few people did the offering.’ <span id=\"exe:sontumreingge\"\nlabel=\"exe:sontumreingge\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough Kalamang has a quantifier tebonggan ‘all’, the construction\nVerb-i koyet can be used to express the same meaning. This\nconstruction is also a completive\n(§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>), and refers in its\nquantifier use to a totality of referents being affected. In contrast to\nthe use of the construction with completive events, it can be negated\nwhen it is used to express ‘all’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa me elak∼lak=ko=i koyet paden-un saerak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbottom∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red=loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish pole-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n‘The \\[one\\] has everything at the bottom, there are no poles.’ mu tok\nnan=i koyet=nin mu tok karuar keit=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> yet\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> still drying_rack\ntop=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘They had not yet eaten everything, they still \\[had food\\] on the\ndrying rack.’ <span id=\"exe:koyetnin\" label=\"exe:koyetnin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis construction may be used in combination with suffixes and words\nthat express ‘all’, such as the nominal suffix -mahap, the pronominal\nsuffix -naninggan and the quantifier tebonggan (illustrated\nin<a href=\"#exe:mmah\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mmah\">[exe:mmah]</a>–<a href=\"#exe:nggan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nggan\">[exe:nggan]</a>). Although this makes it\npossible to combine the meaning ‘all’ with the completive aspect, there\nare no clear examples where this is the case. It is difficult to tease\nthe two meanings apart: when a totality of referents is affected, a\ncompletive reading is often possible. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum-mahap taluk=te kome=i koyet\nperson-all come_out=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n‘Everyone came out to look.’ <span id=\"exe:mmah\"\nlabel=\"exe:mmah\"></span> in-naninggan kiem-i kelek=ko koyet\nmu leng-un=ko kiem\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-all\nflee=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nmountain=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nvillage-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=loc</span> flee\n‘We all fled to the mountains, they from the village (also) fled.’\ntebonggan muin=bon=i koyet ... tamandi=et muap\nall\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish how=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> eat\n‘Everyone had theirs \\[... otherwise\\] how \\[could they\\] eat.’\n<span id=\"exe:nggan\" label=\"exe:nggan\"></span> \n</div> \nKalamang also has two negative polarity items -barak ‘any’ and don\nkon∼kon ‘any’ which are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:negpol\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negpol\">13.5.5</a>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: I hit a sharp thing, then I screamed: ouch!\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "An don kang komain, eba an arekmang: adihǃ", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "An don kang komain, eba an arekmang: adihǃ", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Demonstratives", "Header 2": "Demonstrative function", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "This section describes the use of the six demonstratives.\n§<a href=\"#sec:wa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wa\">[sec:wa]</a> discusses the uses of proximal\nwa, §<a href=\"#sec:me\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:me\">[sec:me]</a> that of distal me and\n§<a href=\"#sec:owa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:owa\">[sec:owa]</a> that of far distal owa.\n§<a href=\"#sec:demopa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:demopa\">[sec:demopa]</a> describes anaphoric\ndemonstrative opa, and\n§<a href=\"#sec:elevdem\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:elevdem\">[sec:elevdem]</a> focuses on elevationals\nyawe ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">down</span>’ and osa\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">up</span>’. Discourse organisational use of\ndemonstrative forms (§<a href=\"#sec:discdems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discdems\">[sec:discdems]</a>) is only found with\ndistal forms. \nAs an introduction, consider the following example. The two most\nversatile basic forms, the proximal wa and the distal me, typically\nevoke speaker-oriented spatial information. This is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kewewaa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kewewaa\">[exe:kewewaa]</a>), repeated from\n§<a href=\"#sec:basicdem\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:basicdem\">11.1.1</a>, where speaker A uses the\nproximal form for a picture that is on the table in front of him.\nSpeaker B first uses the distal form, and then switches to the proximal\nform in combination with pointing, because speaker A has now picked up\nthe picture so that B is closer to it. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nberarti kewe-un=a wa ye\nthat_means house-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> or\n‘That means this is his house?’ \\[points at picture lying on the table\\]\nkewe-un=a me kewe main ecien=i kewe-un=a wa\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> house\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘That’s his house, he returns to his house.’ \\[points at picture\\] ‘This\nis his house.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:kewewaa\" label=\"exe:kewewaa\"></span> \n</div> \nThese basic forms, as well as the far distal owa, have additional\nsemantic and pragmatic properties other than the spatial ones. In the\nfollowing sections, temporal, manner, anaphoric and other uses of the\ndemonstratives are described. With such a plethora of forms and\nfunctions, it is not surprising that we find utterances\nlike(<a href=\"#exe:pai\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pai\">[exe:pai]</a>). Taken from an explanation about\nthe use of plant medicine, it shows a nice combination of the pragmatic\nuse of demonstratives (metko as a sequential marker and the expression\nma he me, discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:discdems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discdems\">[sec:discdems]</a>) and the spatial\nsemantics of demonstratives (predicative watko ‘here’ and pronominal\nwane ‘this’). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nPai koyet metko mindi kouet, mindi kou watko, wane, wane. Metkoet eh ma\nhe me.\npak=i koyet metko mindi kou=et mindi kou watko wane\nwane metko=et eh ma se me\nchew=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span> like_that\nblow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> like_that blow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nthere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘After chewing, then we do like that, blow, blow like this here, this\nand this. Then, that’s it.’ <span id=\"exe:pai\" label=\"exe:pai\"></span> \n</div> \nFigure<a href=\"#fig:wane\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:wane\">11.1</a> shows the video stills from the time\nof utterance of the three spatial demonstratives\nin(<a href=\"#exe:pai\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pai\">[exe:pai]</a>), which are accompanied by\npointing. \n<figure id=\"fig:wane\"> \n<figcaption>Hair Yorkuran explaining the application of\n<em>langgulanggur</em>, <em>watko</em> ‘here’ (left), <em>wane</em>\n‘this’ (middle) and <em>wane</em> ‘this’ (right)</figcaption>\n</figure>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Quantifiers", "Header 2": "Non-numeral quantifiers", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:quantall\" label=\"sec:quantall\"></span> As introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcquant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcquant\">6.4.2</a>, Kalamang has six non-numeral\nquantifiers. They are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:quant2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:quant2\">9.2</a>. \n<div id=\"tab:quant2\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:------------\|:--------------\|\n\| bolon \| a little \|\n\| taukon \| some \|\n\| ikon \| some \|\n\| reidak \| much/many \|\n\| reingge \| not much/many \|\n\| tebonggan \| all \|\n\| \| \| \nNon-numeral quantifiers \n</div> \nBolon occurs with non-count referents. It is the only non-numeral\nquantifier that co-occurs with -tak ‘only, just’, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:buoksarun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:buoksarun\">[exe:buoksarun]</a>). Like with kon\n‘one’ + -tak, which becomes kodak, the final nasal of the root is\ndeleted and the plosive is voiced: bolon + -tak = bolodak. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu buoksarun=at paruo ba bolodak to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\noffering=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> make but little_only right\n‘They are making the offering, but just a little, right.’\n<span id=\"exe:buoksarun\" label=\"exe:buoksarun\"></span> \n</div> \nTaukon ‘some’ and ikon ‘some’ appear to have the same meaning,\nalthough the former only occurs seven times in the natural spoken\ncorpus, whereas the latter has 28 occurrences. Both can be used with\nanimate and inanimate referents. They are illustrated modifying an\nanimate noun in(<a href=\"#exe:tumtau\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tumtau\">[exe:tumtau]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:murkon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:murkon\">[exe:murkon]</a>). It is likely that these\nquantifiers were originally morphologically complex (cf. words like\nkon ‘one’, tawir ‘side’[^62] and taikon ‘half; one side’). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \no tumtum taukon me Bobi emun=a kona\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> children some\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Bobi\nmother=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> see\n‘O, some children, Bobi’s mother saw them.’ <span id=\"exe:tumtau\"\nlabel=\"exe:tumtau\"></span> emumur ikon toni a ma se me\nwoman.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span> some say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘Some women said: “Ah, that’s it.”’ <span id=\"exe:murkon\"\nlabel=\"exe:murkon\"></span> \n</div> \nReidak ‘much; many’ and reingge ‘not much; not many’ each consist of\ntwo morphemes. The first, rei, may be related to the numeral building\nblock reit- ‘hundred’. The second morpheme in reingge is a\nprenasalised ge ‘no’ (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:prenas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:prenas\">[sec:prenas]</a> on remnants of\nprenasalisation and §<a href=\"#sec:negnonv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negnonv\">[sec:negnonv]</a> on negation). The second\nmorpheme in reidak is reminiscent of -tak ‘just, only’. The fact\nthat -tak (or -dak) is found on numerals and on bolon ‘a little’\nsuggests that -dak in reidak is the same morpheme, unique to the\nquantifier word class. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum reidak toni mu\nperson many say <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n‘Many people say they \\[...\\].’ <span id=\"exe:sontumreidak\"\nlabel=\"exe:sontumreidak\"></span> sontum reingge opa me sinara=at\nparuon\nperson not_many <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\noffering=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> do\n‘Those few people did the offering.’ <span id=\"exe:sontumreingge\"\nlabel=\"exe:sontumreingge\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough Kalamang has a quantifier tebonggan ‘all’, the construction\nVerb-i koyet can be used to express the same meaning. This\nconstruction is also a completive\n(§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>), and refers in its\nquantifier use to a totality of referents being affected. In contrast to\nthe use of the construction with completive events, it can be negated\nwhen it is used to express ‘all’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa me elak∼lak=ko=i koyet paden-un saerak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbottom∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red=loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish pole-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n‘The \\[one\\] has everything at the bottom, there are no poles.’ mu tok\nnan=i koyet=nin mu tok karuar keit=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> yet\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> still drying_rack\ntop=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘They had not yet eaten everything, they still \\[had food\\] on the\ndrying rack.’ <span id=\"exe:koyetnin\" label=\"exe:koyetnin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis construction may be used in combination with suffixes and words\nthat express ‘all’, such as the nominal suffix -mahap, the pronominal\nsuffix -naninggan and the quantifier tebonggan (illustrated\nin<a href=\"#exe:mmah\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mmah\">[exe:mmah]</a>–<a href=\"#exe:nggan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nggan\">[exe:nggan]</a>). Although this makes it\npossible to combine the meaning ‘all’ with the completive aspect, there\nare no clear examples where this is the case. It is difficult to tease\nthe two meanings apart: when a totality of referents is affected, a\ncompletive reading is often possible. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum-mahap taluk=te kome=i koyet\nperson-all come_out=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n‘Everyone came out to look.’ <span id=\"exe:mmah\"\nlabel=\"exe:mmah\"></span> in-naninggan kiem-i kelek=ko koyet\nmu leng-un=ko kiem\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-all\nflee=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nmountain=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nvillage-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=loc</span> flee\n‘We all fled to the mountains, they from the village (also) fled.’\ntebonggan muin=bon=i koyet ... tamandi=et muap\nall\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish how=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> eat\n‘Everyone had theirs \\[... otherwise\\] how \\[could they\\] eat.’\n<span id=\"exe:nggan\" label=\"exe:nggan\"></span> \n</div> \nKalamang also has two negative polarity items -barak ‘any’ and don\nkon∼kon ‘any’ which are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:negpol\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negpol\">13.5.5</a>." } ], "index": 27, "level": "low_resource", "question": "I hit a sharp thing, then I screamed: ouch!", "split": "train" }
Emumur yume melalu garung deba.	Those women just sit chatting	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Those women just sit chatting\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Those\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: longnose parrotfish\nKalamang translation: wienar saruam\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Those\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: close off with plank\nKalamang translation: nawarak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"women\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: older or respected woman\nKalamang translation: enem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"women\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: women\nKalamang translation: emumur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"just\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: just\nKalamang translation: nak=; =tak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"just\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: just a little\nKalamang translation: bolodak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sit\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sit and do nothing\nKalamang translation: doka\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sit\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sit\nKalamang translation: meleluo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"chatting\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chat\nKalamang translation: rer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"chatting\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Those\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are walking down those stairs.\nKalamang translation: Mu but yumenggara marmari bara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Those\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Who's that crying? Those kids are hitting each other.\nKalamang translation: Naman mua eruapta ime? Tumtum ma nautu.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"women\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That Javanese woman has a slightly wide face.\nKalamang translation: Jawawas yumene kanggirarun lauskaning bolon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"women\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The women over there sit sewing a leaf roof.\nKalamang translation: Emumur owane melalu sanonggara gaim.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"just\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Who's that? Oh, just Kalamang and family.\nKalamang translation: Naman ba me? Geo, Kalamang mu ba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"just\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sit\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We all sit talking.\nKalamang translation: Inaninggan melelu ewa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sit\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I alone sit over there.\nKalamang translation: Anahutak owatko melalu reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"chatting\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We sat chatting, Bobi's mother said something wrong, we laughed at her.\nKalamang translation: In melalu garungda, Bobi emun salai garungda, in mat komayeki.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"chatting\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The village head's family sat chatting.\nKalamang translation: Esa desa mu melalu garung.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nMalik: ‘I went fishing. I looked like this, “Hey, a ship at the shore up\nthere!” Then I sailed landwards. I sailed landwards, oh, it was a\ntourist.’ Eline: ‘What kind of ship?’ Malik: ‘A tourist ship, it was at\nTanggor.’ Sebi: ‘A small ship.’ Malik: ‘He came from Pulo Pisang, I\nasked, from Pulo Pisang. Then we watched. He went to throw the anchor.\nThen, a man. Is he wearing trousers or not? We were curious, right. So\nwe went. Mas said: “Let’s sail that way to look.” “Yes,” we sailed that\nway. We sailed that way until we stranded. Stranded, we looked, Mas\nsaid: “Hey, he isn’t wearing trousers!” He wasn’t wearing trousers, Mas\nsaid: “Hey, put on trousers!” He said: “Yes, yes, yes!” After getting a\ntowel, he threw it over his legs. His penis dangled.’ Sebi: ‘His bottom\nwas very white.’ Malik: ‘His penis dangled, then we sat chatting.\nChatting, he said: “Do you want to drink?” We said: “No.” He said: “I\njust give that to you guys, okay.” He gave us two bottles. Then he said:\n“If it’s possible, can I exchange the alcohol for lobster?” “Oh, yes,\nyes, yes.” Then we sailed back, got two lobsters, brought them back and\ngave them to him.’\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nAn bo war.\nan bo war\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go fish\n‘I went fishing.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nAn wandi komera: “Eh kapal kona kabisko osa.”\nan wandi komet=ta eh kapal kon=a kibis=ko osa\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> like_this\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span> ship\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nshore=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up</span>\n‘I looked like this, “Hey, a ship at the shore up there!”’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nTerus an se tiri mara.\nterus an se tiri mara\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> sail move_landwards\n‘Then I sailed landwards.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nAn tiri mara o padahal turisontum.\nan tiri mara o padahal turis-sontum\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> sail move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> however tourist-person\n‘I sailed landwards, oh, it was a tourist.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nNebakapal?\nneba-kapal\nwhat-ship\n‘What kind of ship?’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nKapal turis, ma Tanggorko.\nkapal turis ma Tanggor=ko\nship tourist <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nTanggor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘A tourist ship, it was at Tanggor.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nKapal cicauna kon.\nkapal cicaun=a kon\nship small=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> one\n‘A small ship.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMa Pulo Pisanggata, an gerket, Pulo Pisanggata.\nma Pulo Pisang=ka=ta an gerket Pulo Pisang=ka=ta\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> Pulo\nPisang=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> ask Pulo\nPisang=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘He came from Pulo Pisang, I asked, from Pulo Pisang.’ \n</div> \nPulo Pisang (Pulau Pisang, Banana Island) is an island close to Fakfak. \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nTerus in se kometkomet.\nterus in se komet∼komet\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nlook∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘Then we were watching.’ \n</div> \nThe speaker is together with a Javanese man he refers to as Mas. \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMa he ra saorat paruak.\nma se ra saor=at paruak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nanchor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> throw\n‘He went to throw the anchor.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nTerus esnema kon.\nterus esnem=a kon\nthen man=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> one\n‘Then, a man.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMa sungsungat napaki ye ge?\nma sungsung=at napaki ye ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntrousers=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> wear or not\n‘Is he wearing trousers or not?’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nIn penasaran to.\nin penasaran to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> curious right\n‘We were curious, right.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMe in se ra.\nme in se ra\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_path\n‘So we went.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMas toni: “Eh, pi tiri ra komeret.”\nMas toni eh pi tiri ra komet=et\nMas say <span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span> sail move_path\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Mas said: “Let’s sail that way to look.”’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \n“Yo,” in se tiri ra.\nyo in se tiri ra\nyes <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> sail move_path\n‘“Yes,’’ we sailed that way.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nTiri ra sampe nasandar.\ntiri ra sampe nasandar\nsail move_path until strand\n‘\\[We\\] sailed that way until we stranded.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nNasandarte me, in komera me, ma toni: “Eh ma sungsung napakinin!”\nnasandar=te me in kome=ta me ma toni eh ma sungsung napaki=nin\nstrand=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nsay <span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> trousers\nwear=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Stranded, we looked, he \\[Mas\\] said: “Hey, he isn’t wearing\ntrousers!”’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nSungsung napakinin, ma toni: “Eh sungsunga napakire!”\nsungsung napaki=nin ma toni eh sungsung=a napaki=re\ntrousers wear=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\ntrousers=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nwear=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘\\[He\\] wasn’t wearing trousers, he \\[Mas\\] said: “Hey, put on\ntrousers!”’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMa toni: “Yo, yo, yo!”\nma toni yo yo yo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say yes yes yes\n‘He said: “Yes, yes, yes!”’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMa handuat jieni koyet paruai kor kerunggo.\nma handuk=at jien=i koyet paruak=i kor keit-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntowel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nthrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> leg\ntop-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘After getting a towel, he threw it over his legs.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nUs naunggang.\nus nau=gang\npenis <span class=\"smallcaps\">rec</span>=hang\n‘\\[His\\] penis dangled.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nKasamanun mindi bo irisaet.\nkasaman-un mindi bo iris=saet\nbottom-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> like_that go white=very\n‘His bottom was very white.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nUs naunggang terus in se melelu garung.\nus nau=gang terus in se melelu garung\npenis <span class=\"smallcaps\">rec</span>=hang then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> sit chat\n‘\\[His\\] penis dangled, then we sat chatting.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nGarung, ma toni: “Ki minumkin?”\ngarung ma toni ki minum=kin\nchat <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\ndrink=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Chatting, he said: “Do you want to drink?”’ \n</div> \nBy ‘drink’ is meant ‘alcoholic drink’. \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nIn toni: “Ge.”\nin toni ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> say no\n‘We said: “No.”’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMa toni: “Met me diki rebaet eh.”\nma toni met me di=ki ∅=teba=et eh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘He said: “\\[I\\] just give that to you guys, okay.”’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMa botal eiri din.\nma botal eir-i di=in ∅\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> bottle\ntwo-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\ngive\n‘He gave us two bottles.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nTerus ma toni: “Kalo bisaet bisa natukar udangbon?”\nterus ma toni kalo bisa=et bisa natukar udang=bon\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say if\ncan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> can exchange\nlobster=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n‘Then he said: “If it’s possible, can \\[I\\] exchange \\[the alcohol\\] for\nlobster?” \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \n“O yo yo yo.”\no yo yo yo\noh yes yes yes\n‘”Oh, yes, yes, yes.’” \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nIn se koi tiri ran udangat eiri jie kuru mia ma.\nin se koi tiri ran udang=at eir-i jie kuru mia ma ∅\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> then sail move_path\nlobster=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\ntwo-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span> get bring come\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> give\n‘Then we sailed back, got two lobsters, brought \\[them\\] back and gave\n\\[them\\] to him.’ \n</div> \nThe speaker and his friend sailed to the live-fish storage place where\nMas worked. \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Those women just sit chatting\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Emumur yume melalu garung deba.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Emumur yume melalu garung deba.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Text", "Header 2": "Free translation", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "Malik: ‘I went fishing. I looked like this, “Hey, a ship at the shore up\nthere!” Then I sailed landwards. I sailed landwards, oh, it was a\ntourist.’ Eline: ‘What kind of ship?’ Malik: ‘A tourist ship, it was at\nTanggor.’ Sebi: ‘A small ship.’ Malik: ‘He came from Pulo Pisang, I\nasked, from Pulo Pisang. Then we watched. He went to throw the anchor.\nThen, a man. Is he wearing trousers or not? We were curious, right. So\nwe went. Mas said: “Let’s sail that way to look.” “Yes,” we sailed that\nway. We sailed that way until we stranded. Stranded, we looked, Mas\nsaid: “Hey, he isn’t wearing trousers!” He wasn’t wearing trousers, Mas\nsaid: “Hey, put on trousers!” He said: “Yes, yes, yes!” After getting a\ntowel, he threw it over his legs. His penis dangled.’ Sebi: ‘His bottom\nwas very white.’ Malik: ‘His penis dangled, then we sat chatting.\nChatting, he said: “Do you want to drink?” We said: “No.” He said: “I\njust give that to you guys, okay.” He gave us two bottles. Then he said:\n“If it’s possible, can I exchange the alcohol for lobster?” “Oh, yes,\nyes, yes.” Then we sailed back, got two lobsters, brought them back and\ngave them to him.’" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Text", "Header 2": "Glossed text", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nAn bo war.\nan bo war\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go fish\n‘I went fishing.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nAn wandi komera: “Eh kapal kona kabisko osa.”\nan wandi komet=ta eh kapal kon=a kibis=ko osa\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> like_this\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span> ship\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nshore=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up</span>\n‘I looked like this, “Hey, a ship at the shore up there!”’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nTerus an se tiri mara.\nterus an se tiri mara\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> sail move_landwards\n‘Then I sailed landwards.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nAn tiri mara o padahal turisontum.\nan tiri mara o padahal turis-sontum\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> sail move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> however tourist-person\n‘I sailed landwards, oh, it was a tourist.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nNebakapal?\nneba-kapal\nwhat-ship\n‘What kind of ship?’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nKapal turis, ma Tanggorko.\nkapal turis ma Tanggor=ko\nship tourist <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nTanggor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘A tourist ship, it was at Tanggor.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nKapal cicauna kon.\nkapal cicaun=a kon\nship small=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> one\n‘A small ship.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMa Pulo Pisanggata, an gerket, Pulo Pisanggata.\nma Pulo Pisang=ka=ta an gerket Pulo Pisang=ka=ta\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> Pulo\nPisang=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> ask Pulo\nPisang=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘He came from Pulo Pisang, I asked, from Pulo Pisang.’ \n</div> \nPulo Pisang (Pulau Pisang, Banana Island) is an island close to Fakfak. \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nTerus in se kometkomet.\nterus in se komet∼komet\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nlook∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘Then we were watching.’ \n</div> \nThe speaker is together with a Javanese man he refers to as Mas. \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMa he ra saorat paruak.\nma se ra saor=at paruak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nanchor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> throw\n‘He went to throw the anchor.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nTerus esnema kon.\nterus esnem=a kon\nthen man=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> one\n‘Then, a man.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMa sungsungat napaki ye ge?\nma sungsung=at napaki ye ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntrousers=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> wear or not\n‘Is he wearing trousers or not?’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nIn penasaran to.\nin penasaran to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> curious right\n‘We were curious, right.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMe in se ra.\nme in se ra\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_path\n‘So we went.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMas toni: “Eh, pi tiri ra komeret.”\nMas toni eh pi tiri ra komet=et\nMas say <span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span> sail move_path\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Mas said: “Let’s sail that way to look.”’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \n“Yo,” in se tiri ra.\nyo in se tiri ra\nyes <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> sail move_path\n‘“Yes,’’ we sailed that way.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nTiri ra sampe nasandar.\ntiri ra sampe nasandar\nsail move_path until strand\n‘\\[We\\] sailed that way until we stranded.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nNasandarte me, in komera me, ma toni: “Eh ma sungsung napakinin!”\nnasandar=te me in kome=ta me ma toni eh ma sungsung napaki=nin\nstrand=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nsay <span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> trousers\nwear=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Stranded, we looked, he \\[Mas\\] said: “Hey, he isn’t wearing\ntrousers!”’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nSungsung napakinin, ma toni: “Eh sungsunga napakire!”\nsungsung napaki=nin ma toni eh sungsung=a napaki=re\ntrousers wear=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\ntrousers=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nwear=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘\\[He\\] wasn’t wearing trousers, he \\[Mas\\] said: “Hey, put on\ntrousers!”’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMa toni: “Yo, yo, yo!”\nma toni yo yo yo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say yes yes yes\n‘He said: “Yes, yes, yes!”’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMa handuat jieni koyet paruai kor kerunggo.\nma handuk=at jien=i koyet paruak=i kor keit-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntowel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nthrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> leg\ntop-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘After getting a towel, he threw it over his legs.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nUs naunggang.\nus nau=gang\npenis <span class=\"smallcaps\">rec</span>=hang\n‘\\[His\\] penis dangled.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nKasamanun mindi bo irisaet.\nkasaman-un mindi bo iris=saet\nbottom-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> like_that go white=very\n‘His bottom was very white.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nUs naunggang terus in se melelu garung.\nus nau=gang terus in se melelu garung\npenis <span class=\"smallcaps\">rec</span>=hang then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> sit chat\n‘\\[His\\] penis dangled, then we sat chatting.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nGarung, ma toni: “Ki minumkin?”\ngarung ma toni ki minum=kin\nchat <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\ndrink=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Chatting, he said: “Do you want to drink?”’ \n</div> \nBy ‘drink’ is meant ‘alcoholic drink’. \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nIn toni: “Ge.”\nin toni ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> say no\n‘We said: “No.”’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMa toni: “Met me diki rebaet eh.”\nma toni met me di=ki ∅=teba=et eh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘He said: “\\[I\\] just give that to you guys, okay.”’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMa botal eiri din.\nma botal eir-i di=in ∅\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> bottle\ntwo-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\ngive\n‘He gave us two bottles.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nTerus ma toni: “Kalo bisaet bisa natukar udangbon?”\nterus ma toni kalo bisa=et bisa natukar udang=bon\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say if\ncan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> can exchange\nlobster=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n‘Then he said: “If it’s possible, can \\[I\\] exchange \\[the alcohol\\] for\nlobster?” \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \n“O yo yo yo.”\no yo yo yo\noh yes yes yes\n‘”Oh, yes, yes, yes.’” \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nIn se koi tiri ran udangat eiri jie kuru mia ma.\nin se koi tiri ran udang=at eir-i jie kuru mia ma ∅\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> then sail move_path\nlobster=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\ntwo-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span> get bring come\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> give\n‘Then we sailed back, got two lobsters, brought \\[them\\] back and gave\n\\[them\\] to him.’ \n</div> \nThe speaker and his friend sailed to the live-fish storage place where\nMas worked. \n</div>" } ], "index": 28, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Those women just sit chatting", "split": "train" }
Mu he kelaka gonggung.	They called from the mainland.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: They called from the mainland.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"They\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: brush turkey\nKalamang translation: maniktambang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"They\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: The Netherlands\nKalamang translation: Beladar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"called\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: call out\nKalamang translation: roukmang; gonggung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"called\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: call names\nKalamang translation: wolnelebor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"from\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: from outside\nKalamang translation: kolga\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"from\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: run away from\nKalamang translation: kokiem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mainland\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: shore, land, inland\nKalamang translation: kibis\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mainland\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mainland\nKalamang translation: kolak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"They\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are picking gogit leaves to cook.\nKalamang translation: Mu gogit olunat parua kuar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"They\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They three stand, one in the front, two in the back.\nKalamang translation: Munggaruok mambara, kon borara, eir epkadok.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"called\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We call the kids to return.\nKalamang translation: In tok tumtum gonggung yecie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"called\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mei called Bakri's father.\nKalamang translation: Mei Bakri esunat kodi.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"from\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: (She) comes from the Netherlands to learn our language.\nKalamang translation: Beladargara mia mangberat belajar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"from\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That betel leaf that you pounded, which side is it from, from the beach?\nKalamang translation: Pulor opa ka tura me tamabadok, oskadok?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mainland\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nadia's father and family go to the mainland overther to cut a canoe.\nKalamang translation: Nadia esun mu bo kolak owatkoa etkies.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mainland\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends live on the mainland over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu distrik owa gocie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThere are two strategies for forming conditional clauses. The first is\nwith a dedicated conditional clitic =o/=ero ‘if’ or concessive\n=taero ‘even if’ on the condition, described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:condmood\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:condmood\">[sec:condmood]</a>. The enclitic =o is\nexemplified in(<a href=\"#exe:waroobes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:waroobes\">[exe:waroobes]</a>). The Malay loan\nkalau ‘if’ was discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:condconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:condconj\">[sec:condconj]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \njadi tanaman pun demekian wat=o bes im=o bes sayang=o bes\nso plant even thus coconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nbanana=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nnutmeg=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\n‘So whichever plant \\[we grow\\], whether it’s coconut, banana or nutmeg,\nit’s good.’ <span id=\"exe:waroobes\" label=\"exe:waroobes\"></span> \n</div> \nThe second strategy for conditionals makes use of a clause-initial\nscene-setting topic, typically with a time adverbial, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:saunet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:saunet\">[exe:saunet]</a>)[^92]. It may be marked\nwith topic marker me and/or irrealis =et\n(§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>). The scene-setter is prosodically\nseparate from the main clause. It ends on a high pitch and is optionally\nfollowed by a pause. The scene-setter kasuret me\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kasuret\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kasuret\">[exe:kasuret]</a>), translated as\n‘tomorrow’, can be more literally translated as ‘when it is tomorrow’.\nThe conditional clause may also be followed by sequential conjunction\neba ‘then’, as in(<a href=\"#exe:sabeba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sabeba\">[exe:sabeba]</a>). An example with negative\ncondition ge=et me ‘if not’ is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:getmehe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:getmehe\">[exe:getmehe]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNene opa me, go_saunet, ma war.\nnene opa me go_saun=et ma war\ngrandmother <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nevening=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> fish\n‘That grandmother, when it was evening, she went fishing.’\n<span id=\"exe:saunet\" label=\"exe:saunet\"></span> Kasuret me kabon,\nAmbunbon, Serambon, tok bo rorpotma.\nkasur=et me ka=bon Ambun=bon Seram=bon tok bo ror-potma\ntomorrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg=com</span>\nAmbun=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nSeram=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> first go wood-cut\n‘Tomorrow, you, Ambun and Seram first go wood-cutting.’\n<span id=\"exe:kasuret\" label=\"exe:kasuret\"></span> In tok mara mengga\nhari sabtuet eba in maruaret.\nin tok mara mengga hari sabtu=et eba in maruat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> first move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> day\nSaturday=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nmove_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘We go towards land first, when it’s Saturday, then we come towards\nsea.’ <span id=\"exe:sabeba\" label=\"exe:sabeba\"></span> al-un kinkinun\nge=et me se rasa\nstring-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> small\nno=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> like\n‘It has small strings, if not, it would have been good already.’\n<span id=\"exe:getmehe\" label=\"exe:getmehe\"></span> \n</div> \nBelow are three examples of conditional clauses with irrealis =et that\nare not time adverbials.\n(<a href=\"#exe:haletme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:haletme\">[exe:haletme]</a>) is taken from a\nrecording where the speaker teaches the addressee how to weave a\npandanus leaf envelope.\n(<a href=\"#exe:raweteba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:raweteba\">[exe:raweteba]</a>) again contains\nconjunction eba ‘then’. The combination of =et and eba does not\nnecessarily imply a conditional reading; it must be deduced from the\ncontext. Conditional clauses with irrealis =et can be translated with\neither ‘if’ or ‘when’. In some contexts, such as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:orkoet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:orkoet\">[exe:orkoet]</a>), either reading seems\nappropriate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkomahal=et me ukir=te\nnot_understand=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nmeasure=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘If \\[you\\] don’t understand, measure.’ <span id=\"exe:haletme\"\nlabel=\"exe:haletme\"></span> ma rap=et eba gier-un iriskap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nlaugh=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\ntooth-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> white\n‘When he laughs, his teeth are white.’ <span id=\"exe:raweteba\"\nlabel=\"exe:raweteba\"></span> an or=et mu toni sabar-kadok=a iren, an\nsabar=ko=et mu toni or-kadok=a iren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nback=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say\nfront-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> white\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nfront=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say\nback-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> white\n‘If/when I’m in the back they say the one in the front is white, if/when\nI’m in the front they say the one in the back is white.’\n<span id=\"exe:orkoet\" label=\"exe:orkoet\"></span> \n</div> \nConditional constructions with =et and eba may be expanded with\ndistal locative metko ‘there’. These are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:medisc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:medisc\">[sec:medisc]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:lat\" label=\"sec:lat\"></span> Lative =ka specifies\nmovement from (ab-lative) or towards (al-lative) an inanimate location\n(for animate lative =kongga, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:animloclat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:animloclat\">[sec:animloclat]</a>). In contrast with\nNPs marked with =ko, NPs marked with a lative postposition cannot be\npredicative: they must be accompanied by a verb, which always follows\nthe NP marked with =ka.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kelaka\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kelaka\">[exe:kelaka]</a>), =ka means ‘from’ and is\ncombined with the verb gonggung ‘call’.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:telin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:telin\">[exe:telin]</a>), =ka means ‘to’ and is\ncombined with the verb bo ‘to go’. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:svcloclat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:svcloclat\">[sec:svcloclat]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kelaka\" label=\"exe:kelaka\"></span> mu se kelak=ka\ngonggung\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmainland=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> call\n‘They called from the mainland.’ ma in=konggo telin ma se leng-un=ka\nbot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=an.loc</span> stay\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nvillage-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He stays with us, he doesn’t go back to his village any more.’\n<span id=\"exe:telin\" label=\"exe:telin\"></span> \n</div> \nLike locative =ko, lative =ka occurs on demonstratives and the\nquestion word tama, forming the fused forms wangga ‘to/from here’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bilal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bilal\">[exe:bilal]</a>), mengga ‘to/from there’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:silak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:silak\">[exe:silak]</a>) and tamangga ‘to/from\nwhere’. See also §<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a> and\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma mengga kinggir=ta me bo Silak arep neko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>\nsail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> go Silak bay inside\n‘He sailed from there until Silak bay.’ <span id=\"exe:silak\"\nlabel=\"exe:silak\"></span> ma tamangga=ta tiri bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nswim go\n‘Where did it swim?’ <span id=\"exe:ratiri\" label=\"exe:ratiri\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: They called from the mainland.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Mu he kelaka gonggung.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Mu he kelaka gonggung.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Multiclausal constructions", "Header 2": "Conditional clauses", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "There are two strategies for forming conditional clauses. The first is\nwith a dedicated conditional clitic =o/=ero ‘if’ or concessive\n=taero ‘even if’ on the condition, described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:condmood\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:condmood\">[sec:condmood]</a>. The enclitic =o is\nexemplified in(<a href=\"#exe:waroobes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:waroobes\">[exe:waroobes]</a>). The Malay loan\nkalau ‘if’ was discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:condconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:condconj\">[sec:condconj]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \njadi tanaman pun demekian wat=o bes im=o bes sayang=o bes\nso plant even thus coconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nbanana=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nnutmeg=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\n‘So whichever plant \\[we grow\\], whether it’s coconut, banana or nutmeg,\nit’s good.’ <span id=\"exe:waroobes\" label=\"exe:waroobes\"></span> \n</div> \nThe second strategy for conditionals makes use of a clause-initial\nscene-setting topic, typically with a time adverbial, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:saunet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:saunet\">[exe:saunet]</a>)[^92]. It may be marked\nwith topic marker me and/or irrealis =et\n(§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>). The scene-setter is prosodically\nseparate from the main clause. It ends on a high pitch and is optionally\nfollowed by a pause. The scene-setter kasuret me\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kasuret\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kasuret\">[exe:kasuret]</a>), translated as\n‘tomorrow’, can be more literally translated as ‘when it is tomorrow’.\nThe conditional clause may also be followed by sequential conjunction\neba ‘then’, as in(<a href=\"#exe:sabeba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sabeba\">[exe:sabeba]</a>). An example with negative\ncondition ge=et me ‘if not’ is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:getmehe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:getmehe\">[exe:getmehe]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNene opa me, go_saunet, ma war.\nnene opa me go_saun=et ma war\ngrandmother <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nevening=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> fish\n‘That grandmother, when it was evening, she went fishing.’\n<span id=\"exe:saunet\" label=\"exe:saunet\"></span> Kasuret me kabon,\nAmbunbon, Serambon, tok bo rorpotma.\nkasur=et me ka=bon Ambun=bon Seram=bon tok bo ror-potma\ntomorrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg=com</span>\nAmbun=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nSeram=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> first go wood-cut\n‘Tomorrow, you, Ambun and Seram first go wood-cutting.’\n<span id=\"exe:kasuret\" label=\"exe:kasuret\"></span> In tok mara mengga\nhari sabtuet eba in maruaret.\nin tok mara mengga hari sabtu=et eba in maruat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> first move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> day\nSaturday=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nmove_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘We go towards land first, when it’s Saturday, then we come towards\nsea.’ <span id=\"exe:sabeba\" label=\"exe:sabeba\"></span> al-un kinkinun\nge=et me se rasa\nstring-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> small\nno=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> like\n‘It has small strings, if not, it would have been good already.’\n<span id=\"exe:getmehe\" label=\"exe:getmehe\"></span> \n</div> \nBelow are three examples of conditional clauses with irrealis =et that\nare not time adverbials.\n(<a href=\"#exe:haletme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:haletme\">[exe:haletme]</a>) is taken from a\nrecording where the speaker teaches the addressee how to weave a\npandanus leaf envelope.\n(<a href=\"#exe:raweteba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:raweteba\">[exe:raweteba]</a>) again contains\nconjunction eba ‘then’. The combination of =et and eba does not\nnecessarily imply a conditional reading; it must be deduced from the\ncontext. Conditional clauses with irrealis =et can be translated with\neither ‘if’ or ‘when’. In some contexts, such as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:orkoet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:orkoet\">[exe:orkoet]</a>), either reading seems\nappropriate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkomahal=et me ukir=te\nnot_understand=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nmeasure=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘If \\[you\\] don’t understand, measure.’ <span id=\"exe:haletme\"\nlabel=\"exe:haletme\"></span> ma rap=et eba gier-un iriskap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nlaugh=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\ntooth-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> white\n‘When he laughs, his teeth are white.’ <span id=\"exe:raweteba\"\nlabel=\"exe:raweteba\"></span> an or=et mu toni sabar-kadok=a iren, an\nsabar=ko=et mu toni or-kadok=a iren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nback=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say\nfront-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> white\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nfront=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say\nback-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> white\n‘If/when I’m in the back they say the one in the front is white, if/when\nI’m in the front they say the one in the back is white.’\n<span id=\"exe:orkoet\" label=\"exe:orkoet\"></span> \n</div> \nConditional constructions with =et and eba may be expanded with\ndistal locative metko ‘there’. These are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:medisc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:medisc\">[sec:medisc]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Nouns, noun phrases and postpositional phrases", "Header 2": "Postpositions", "Header 3": "Lative =ka ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>’", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:lat\" label=\"sec:lat\"></span> Lative =ka specifies\nmovement from (ab-lative) or towards (al-lative) an inanimate location\n(for animate lative =kongga, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:animloclat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:animloclat\">[sec:animloclat]</a>). In contrast with\nNPs marked with =ko, NPs marked with a lative postposition cannot be\npredicative: they must be accompanied by a verb, which always follows\nthe NP marked with =ka.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kelaka\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kelaka\">[exe:kelaka]</a>), =ka means ‘from’ and is\ncombined with the verb gonggung ‘call’.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:telin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:telin\">[exe:telin]</a>), =ka means ‘to’ and is\ncombined with the verb bo ‘to go’. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:svcloclat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:svcloclat\">[sec:svcloclat]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kelaka\" label=\"exe:kelaka\"></span> mu se kelak=ka\ngonggung\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmainland=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> call\n‘They called from the mainland.’ ma in=konggo telin ma se leng-un=ka\nbot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=an.loc</span> stay\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nvillage-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He stays with us, he doesn’t go back to his village any more.’\n<span id=\"exe:telin\" label=\"exe:telin\"></span> \n</div> \nLike locative =ko, lative =ka occurs on demonstratives and the\nquestion word tama, forming the fused forms wangga ‘to/from here’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bilal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bilal\">[exe:bilal]</a>), mengga ‘to/from there’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:silak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:silak\">[exe:silak]</a>) and tamangga ‘to/from\nwhere’. See also §<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a> and\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma mengga kinggir=ta me bo Silak arep neko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>\nsail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> go Silak bay inside\n‘He sailed from there until Silak bay.’ <span id=\"exe:silak\"\nlabel=\"exe:silak\"></span> ma tamangga=ta tiri bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nswim go\n‘Where did it swim?’ <span id=\"exe:ratiri\" label=\"exe:ratiri\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 29, "level": "low_resource", "question": "They called from the mainland.", "split": "train" }
Ror wa me maulcien.	This wood is bent.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: This wood is bent.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"This\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: his wife\nKalamang translation: kieun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"This\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like this\nKalamang translation: wandi; yuwandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wood\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: unprocessed wood\nKalamang translation: ror soren\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wood\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: wood tool\nKalamang translation: panggut\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"bent\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cement floor\nKalamang translation: misilmisil\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"bent\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: bent\nKalamang translation: taungtaung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"This\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: This ankle is swollen.\nKalamang translation: Korkasir yua me rua.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"This\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: This day, it was already late afternoon but the lamps weren't lighted.\nKalamang translation: Yuol wa me go he girgir lampur tok yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wood\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Lamani's father is marking wood.\nKalamang translation: Lamani esun rorara kasep.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wood\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is firewood up there.\nKalamang translation: Kai me keit owatko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"bent\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother went fishing, her fishing line was entangled.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun bo warta nikaun kolkol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"bent\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: People went to Fakfak to sell durian.\nKalamang translation: Sontom Pakpaka mahara duran parin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:discinterj\" label=\"sec:discinterj\"></span> Interjections\nwere introduced in §<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a> (phonology) and\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a> (as a word class). This\nsection aims at illustrating the use of the most frequent and versatile\nones, starting with yor ‘true’ and ge ‘no(t)’. \nYor ‘true’ is used as an affirmative response.[^99] It can stand on\nits own as a response to the other speaker’s statement. See the\nquestion-answer pair in(<a href=\"#exe:qayes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:qayes\">[exe:qayes]</a>). Yor is about four times\nless frequent than ge ‘no’. Another positive interjection is esie\n‘true’. It is very uncommon, with only one example in the corpus. It\nremains unclear how it differs from yor. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n\\[comparing numbers written on the back of pictures\\] \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nputkansuortalinggaruok\nforty-three\n‘Forty-three?’ <span id=\"exe:qyes\" label=\"exe:qyes\"></span> \nyor yor yor\ntrue true true\n‘Correct.’ <span id=\"exe:ayes\" label=\"exe:ayes\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:qayes\" label=\"exe:qayes\"></span> \n</div> \n‘No(t)’ is ge, which can stand on its own as a response or be tagged\nto a clause to elicit a confirming response from the listener. The\nexchange in(<a href=\"#exe:gema\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gema\">[exe:gema]</a>) illustrates both. The tag\nfunction is also treated in\n§<a href=\"#sec:polq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:polq\">[sec:polq]</a>. See also the description of\nnon-verbal negation in §<a href=\"#sec:negnonv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negnonv\">[sec:negnonv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kat gonggung ter-nan ye ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span> call tea-consume or not\n‘Have they called you for drinking tea or not?’ <span id=\"exe:qno\"\nlabel=\"exe:qno\"></span> \nge ma gonggung ba\nno <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> call but\n‘No, she called but...’ <span id=\"exe:ano\" label=\"exe:ano\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:gema\" label=\"exe:gema\"></span> \n</div> \nEmphasising o is the most common interjection. Typically clause-final,\nit emphasises what has been said before. It is typically uttered at a\nlow pitch, and may be lengthened, vaguely reminiscent of the long and\nhigh e used for excessivity in some other eastern Indonesian languages\n. By adding o to the clause\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nino\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nino\">[exe:nino]</a>), the speaker emphasises that\nthe subject did not catch any fish.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:dungo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dungo\">[exe:dungo]</a>), o stresses that it was\nvery early. It is also typically added to reinforce curses\n(§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a>). Clause-initial o is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sor ramiet=nin o\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> fish\npull=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘He didn’t catch any fish.’ <span id=\"exe:nino\" label=\"exe:nino\"></span>\ngo_dung o\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘In the early morning...’ <span id=\"exe:dungo\" label=\"exe:dungo\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vowel e has several uses as an interjection. It is commonly used\nto introduce quotes, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ehila\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehila\">[exe:ehila]</a>) with speech verb toni\n‘say’ and(<a href=\"#exe:ehan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehan\">[exe:ehan]</a>) without speech verb (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:speech\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:speech\">[sec:speech]</a>). Some other less frequent\nuses of e are subsumed under the gloss int.e and include emphasis,\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:eemph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eemph\">[exe:eemph]</a>), or contempt, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eresign\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eresign\">[exe:eresign]</a>). Encouragement was\nexemplified in §(<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMuji esun=a toni eh Ila Pak gosomin\nMuji father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span> Ila Pak disappear\n‘Muji’s father said: “Ila Pak has disappeared.”’ <span id=\"exe:ehila\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehila\"></span> Santi eh an ma ema_caun=bon taruo\nSanti <span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> move_seawards\naunt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> say\n‘Santi said: “I went to tell aunt...”’ <span id=\"exe:ehan\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehan\"></span> nokin-tar e in sikola=teba\nbe_silent-<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nschool=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘Be silent! We’re schooling.’ <span id=\"exe:eemph\"\nlabel=\"exe:eemph\"></span> kon∼kon mindi=ten me e kuar=kin=et eba\nmetko padi-un=at kajiet=et\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\ncook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nrice_hull-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\npick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘\\[If we have\\] one \\[sack of rice\\] at a time like that, who cares, if\nyou’re about to cook then you pick out the rice hulls.’\n<span id=\"exe:eresign\" label=\"exe:eresign\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag eh and the\nencouraging interjection e are exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ansebot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ansebot\">[exe:ansebot]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bote1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bote1\">[exe:bote1]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ansebot\" label=\"exe:ansebot\"></span> \n<span id=\"exe:bote1\" label=\"exe:bote1\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag can express more\ninsecurity than Malay loan to(h) ‘right’ (which can only be used for\nconfirmation-seeking), and leaves room for the addressee to either\nanswer the question or disagree with the statement, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nebasor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nebasor\">[exe:nebasor]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa me neba-sor eh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span>-fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘What kind of fish is this, huh?’ <span id=\"exe:nebasor\"\nlabel=\"exe:nebasor\"></span> \n</div> \nA clause-initial open vowel a \\[a\\]\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>’ is used as indicator of a clause\nthat introduces a new stage in the narrative.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:int\">[exe:int]</a>), I have attempted to show the\nintonation pattern of a clause with ah. There is a rise (and\nlengthening) at the end of the first clause, a pause, and then the start\nof a new clause with low intonation on the interjection and a low\nboundary tone. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nTebonggan koi ecien=i mia kewe=ko, ah ter-na.\nH $\\mid$ L HL\nall again return=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> come\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> tea-consume\n‘Everyone returned to the house, ah, \\[then we\\] drank tea.’\n<span id=\"exe:int\" label=\"exe:int\"></span> \n</div> \nTwo interjections are likely derived from the Malay interjection aduh,\nan interjection of pain or disappointed surprise. These are adi(h)\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span>, an expression of pain or\ndiscomfort, also in use in the local Malay, and (a)dih or (a)deh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>, an interjection of contempt or\ndissatisfaction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adih mang=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span> bitter=too\n‘He said: “Yuck, too bitter!”’ <span id=\"exe:adih\"\nlabel=\"exe:adih\"></span> ma ka=kongga=ta mia reon adeh alangan-rep\nweinun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg=an.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ncome maybe <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> trouble-get too\n‘He came to you maybe, oh god, looking for trouble too.’\n<span id=\"exe:adeh\" label=\"exe:adeh\"></span> \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:adehin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adehin\">[exe:adehin]</a>), the speaker turns adeh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> into a verb while scolding their\nchild for not wanting to eat their food. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adeh eh ka-mun adeh=in na na na na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej=proh</span> consume consume consume\nconsume\n‘She said: “Oh no.” \\[I’m like:\\] “Don’t you “oh no” me, eat, eat, eat,\neat!”’ <span id=\"exe:adehin\" label=\"exe:adehin\"></span> \n</div> \nSome is used for encouragement, often in a slightly annoyed fashion,\nwhen stating or confirming something that should have been obvious to\nthe addressee. It is translated into local Malay as ‘sudah mu’. Two\nexamples are given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nhari_minggu seng-paku some karajang reidak=ten me\nSunday roof-nail <span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> work\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘Of course we nail the roof on Sunday, there’s a lot of work.’\n<span id=\"exe:sengsome\" label=\"exe:sengsome\"></span> tabai met kosom=ta\nnarasaun tamandi pen ye pen some 2014\ntobacco <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\nsmoke=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> taste how good or good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> 2014\n“That tobacco \\[you’re\\] smoking, how does it taste, good, or what?” “Of\ncourse it’s good, it’s from 2014!” <span id=\"exe:kosome\"\nlabel=\"exe:kosome\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother interjection with a similar function to some is mera, which\nis used to downplay the importance of a reply to a question, or to mark\nthat you are stating the obvious. It is also translated into Malay as\n‘sudah mu’. Consider the following examples. The speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) uses mera to indicate\nthat what she says is obvious.\n(<a href=\"#exe:besm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:besm\">[exe:besm]</a>)\nfollows(<a href=\"#exe:adih\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adih\">[exe:adih]</a>) in the narrative, and is used\nto encourage the speaker, downplaying the fact that the food is bitter.\nMera is also used in standard answers to the question ‘what are you\ndoing?’, as discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:inittermconv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inittermconv\">[sec:inittermconv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \no mu=a ruo reon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=foc</span> dig maybe\n‘Oh maybe they dug.’ o ge mera sontum ruot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> person\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Of course not, people didn’t dig.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:meraruo\" label=\"exe:meraruo\"></span> an toni bes mera\nna\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> consume\n‘I said: “It’s fine, eat.”’ <span id=\"exe:besm\" label=\"exe:besm\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vocative or calling sound for human beings is uei\n(§<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a>). I am not sure what the\nappropriate response is, but at least women, when inside the house when\nsomeone outside is calling, may answer with a rising u or hu at a\nhigh pitch. Another observation made in the field which is not recorded\nin the corpus is that repeated dental clicks are made to express\namazement or incredulity (identified as a common trait in mainland and\nparts of insular South East Asia in ).\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:compl\" label=\"sec:compl\"></span> The combination of\npredicate linker =i and the verb koyet ‘to be finished’ expresses\ncompletive aspect. The construction is part of a complex predicate also\ndescribed in §<a href=\"#sec:ikoyetsvc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ikoyetsvc\">[sec:ikoyetsvc]</a>. Completive =i\nkoyet is only used to link one action to another, and is therefore\noften best translated as ‘after’. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:tailhead\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:tailhead\">[sec:tailhead]</a>.\n(<a href=\"#exe:lemarat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lemarat\">[exe:lemarat]</a>) is taken from a\nnarrative about building a house, and illustrates a typical string of\nactions linked by =i koyet. \nLemarat paruoni koyet metko komangganggowet. Salat diran, sal rani\nkoyet, eba metko komangganggowet. Komangganggowi koyet, eba pi koi\nparararunat diraret.\nlemat=at paruon=i koyet metko komanggangguop=et sal=at di=ran\nsal ran=i koyet eba metko komanggangguop=et komanggangguop=i\nkoyet eba pi koi pararar-un=at di=rat=et\nbamboo_string=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nput_on_roof=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nroof_wood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move roof_wood\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish then there\nput_on_roof=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nput_on_roof=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> again\nfloor-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=go=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After making string, \\[we\\] put on the roof. Installing the roof wood,\nafter installing the roof wood, then we put on the roof. After putting\non the roof, then we install the floor again.’ <span id=\"exe:lemarat\"\nlabel=\"exe:lemarat\"></span> \nThe construction Verb-i koyet can also be a quantifying expression\nmeaning ‘all; until finished’, as described in\n§<a href=\"#ch:quant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:quant\">[ch:quant]</a>. Completive aspect typically\nexpresses that a totality of referents is affected, which is close in\nmeaning to the quantifying use of -i koyet. However, like other\nlanguages in East Indonesia, the completive is used also when an actor\ndeliberately ends an event .\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:lemarat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lemarat\">[exe:lemarat]</a>), there are clear agents,\nbut one could argue that a totality of referents is affected (all the\nroof wood is installed, the whole roof is closed).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:neweri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:neweri\">[exe:neweri]</a>), however, the referent is\nfirewood, and not all the firewood is bought, and neither is it probable\nthat all the money was spent. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme ma kai=at jien=i koyet=ta me newer=i koyet kusukusu\ntoni pier koi bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nfirewood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nbuy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\npay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish cuscus say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span> again\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After she bought firewood and paid, the cuscus said: “Shall we go?”’\n<span id=\"exe:neweri\" label=\"exe:neweri\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: This wood is bent.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Ror wa me maulcien.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Ror wa me maulcien.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "Interjections", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:discinterj\" label=\"sec:discinterj\"></span> Interjections\nwere introduced in §<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a> (phonology) and\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a> (as a word class). This\nsection aims at illustrating the use of the most frequent and versatile\nones, starting with yor ‘true’ and ge ‘no(t)’. \nYor ‘true’ is used as an affirmative response.[^99] It can stand on\nits own as a response to the other speaker’s statement. See the\nquestion-answer pair in(<a href=\"#exe:qayes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:qayes\">[exe:qayes]</a>). Yor is about four times\nless frequent than ge ‘no’. Another positive interjection is esie\n‘true’. It is very uncommon, with only one example in the corpus. It\nremains unclear how it differs from yor. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n\\[comparing numbers written on the back of pictures\\] \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nputkansuortalinggaruok\nforty-three\n‘Forty-three?’ <span id=\"exe:qyes\" label=\"exe:qyes\"></span> \nyor yor yor\ntrue true true\n‘Correct.’ <span id=\"exe:ayes\" label=\"exe:ayes\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:qayes\" label=\"exe:qayes\"></span> \n</div> \n‘No(t)’ is ge, which can stand on its own as a response or be tagged\nto a clause to elicit a confirming response from the listener. The\nexchange in(<a href=\"#exe:gema\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gema\">[exe:gema]</a>) illustrates both. The tag\nfunction is also treated in\n§<a href=\"#sec:polq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:polq\">[sec:polq]</a>. See also the description of\nnon-verbal negation in §<a href=\"#sec:negnonv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negnonv\">[sec:negnonv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kat gonggung ter-nan ye ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span> call tea-consume or not\n‘Have they called you for drinking tea or not?’ <span id=\"exe:qno\"\nlabel=\"exe:qno\"></span> \nge ma gonggung ba\nno <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> call but\n‘No, she called but...’ <span id=\"exe:ano\" label=\"exe:ano\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:gema\" label=\"exe:gema\"></span> \n</div> \nEmphasising o is the most common interjection. Typically clause-final,\nit emphasises what has been said before. It is typically uttered at a\nlow pitch, and may be lengthened, vaguely reminiscent of the long and\nhigh e used for excessivity in some other eastern Indonesian languages\n. By adding o to the clause\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nino\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nino\">[exe:nino]</a>), the speaker emphasises that\nthe subject did not catch any fish.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:dungo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dungo\">[exe:dungo]</a>), o stresses that it was\nvery early. It is also typically added to reinforce curses\n(§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a>). Clause-initial o is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sor ramiet=nin o\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> fish\npull=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘He didn’t catch any fish.’ <span id=\"exe:nino\" label=\"exe:nino\"></span>\ngo_dung o\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘In the early morning...’ <span id=\"exe:dungo\" label=\"exe:dungo\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vowel e has several uses as an interjection. It is commonly used\nto introduce quotes, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ehila\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehila\">[exe:ehila]</a>) with speech verb toni\n‘say’ and(<a href=\"#exe:ehan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehan\">[exe:ehan]</a>) without speech verb (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:speech\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:speech\">[sec:speech]</a>). Some other less frequent\nuses of e are subsumed under the gloss int.e and include emphasis,\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:eemph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eemph\">[exe:eemph]</a>), or contempt, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eresign\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eresign\">[exe:eresign]</a>). Encouragement was\nexemplified in §(<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMuji esun=a toni eh Ila Pak gosomin\nMuji father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span> Ila Pak disappear\n‘Muji’s father said: “Ila Pak has disappeared.”’ <span id=\"exe:ehila\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehila\"></span> Santi eh an ma ema_caun=bon taruo\nSanti <span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> move_seawards\naunt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> say\n‘Santi said: “I went to tell aunt...”’ <span id=\"exe:ehan\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehan\"></span> nokin-tar e in sikola=teba\nbe_silent-<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nschool=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘Be silent! We’re schooling.’ <span id=\"exe:eemph\"\nlabel=\"exe:eemph\"></span> kon∼kon mindi=ten me e kuar=kin=et eba\nmetko padi-un=at kajiet=et\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\ncook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nrice_hull-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\npick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘\\[If we have\\] one \\[sack of rice\\] at a time like that, who cares, if\nyou’re about to cook then you pick out the rice hulls.’\n<span id=\"exe:eresign\" label=\"exe:eresign\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag eh and the\nencouraging interjection e are exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ansebot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ansebot\">[exe:ansebot]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bote1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bote1\">[exe:bote1]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ansebot\" label=\"exe:ansebot\"></span> \n<span id=\"exe:bote1\" label=\"exe:bote1\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag can express more\ninsecurity than Malay loan to(h) ‘right’ (which can only be used for\nconfirmation-seeking), and leaves room for the addressee to either\nanswer the question or disagree with the statement, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nebasor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nebasor\">[exe:nebasor]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa me neba-sor eh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span>-fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘What kind of fish is this, huh?’ <span id=\"exe:nebasor\"\nlabel=\"exe:nebasor\"></span> \n</div> \nA clause-initial open vowel a \\[a\\]\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>’ is used as indicator of a clause\nthat introduces a new stage in the narrative.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:int\">[exe:int]</a>), I have attempted to show the\nintonation pattern of a clause with ah. There is a rise (and\nlengthening) at the end of the first clause, a pause, and then the start\nof a new clause with low intonation on the interjection and a low\nboundary tone. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nTebonggan koi ecien=i mia kewe=ko, ah ter-na.\nH $\\mid$ L HL\nall again return=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> come\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> tea-consume\n‘Everyone returned to the house, ah, \\[then we\\] drank tea.’\n<span id=\"exe:int\" label=\"exe:int\"></span> \n</div> \nTwo interjections are likely derived from the Malay interjection aduh,\nan interjection of pain or disappointed surprise. These are adi(h)\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span>, an expression of pain or\ndiscomfort, also in use in the local Malay, and (a)dih or (a)deh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>, an interjection of contempt or\ndissatisfaction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adih mang=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span> bitter=too\n‘He said: “Yuck, too bitter!”’ <span id=\"exe:adih\"\nlabel=\"exe:adih\"></span> ma ka=kongga=ta mia reon adeh alangan-rep\nweinun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg=an.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ncome maybe <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> trouble-get too\n‘He came to you maybe, oh god, looking for trouble too.’\n<span id=\"exe:adeh\" label=\"exe:adeh\"></span> \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:adehin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adehin\">[exe:adehin]</a>), the speaker turns adeh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> into a verb while scolding their\nchild for not wanting to eat their food. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adeh eh ka-mun adeh=in na na na na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej=proh</span> consume consume consume\nconsume\n‘She said: “Oh no.” \\[I’m like:\\] “Don’t you “oh no” me, eat, eat, eat,\neat!”’ <span id=\"exe:adehin\" label=\"exe:adehin\"></span> \n</div> \nSome is used for encouragement, often in a slightly annoyed fashion,\nwhen stating or confirming something that should have been obvious to\nthe addressee. It is translated into local Malay as ‘sudah mu’. Two\nexamples are given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nhari_minggu seng-paku some karajang reidak=ten me\nSunday roof-nail <span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> work\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘Of course we nail the roof on Sunday, there’s a lot of work.’\n<span id=\"exe:sengsome\" label=\"exe:sengsome\"></span> tabai met kosom=ta\nnarasaun tamandi pen ye pen some 2014\ntobacco <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\nsmoke=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> taste how good or good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> 2014\n“That tobacco \\[you’re\\] smoking, how does it taste, good, or what?” “Of\ncourse it’s good, it’s from 2014!” <span id=\"exe:kosome\"\nlabel=\"exe:kosome\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother interjection with a similar function to some is mera, which\nis used to downplay the importance of a reply to a question, or to mark\nthat you are stating the obvious. It is also translated into Malay as\n‘sudah mu’. Consider the following examples. The speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) uses mera to indicate\nthat what she says is obvious.\n(<a href=\"#exe:besm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:besm\">[exe:besm]</a>)\nfollows(<a href=\"#exe:adih\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adih\">[exe:adih]</a>) in the narrative, and is used\nto encourage the speaker, downplaying the fact that the food is bitter.\nMera is also used in standard answers to the question ‘what are you\ndoing?’, as discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:inittermconv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inittermconv\">[sec:inittermconv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \no mu=a ruo reon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=foc</span> dig maybe\n‘Oh maybe they dug.’ o ge mera sontum ruot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> person\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Of course not, people didn’t dig.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:meraruo\" label=\"exe:meraruo\"></span> an toni bes mera\nna\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> consume\n‘I said: “It’s fine, eat.”’ <span id=\"exe:besm\" label=\"exe:besm\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vocative or calling sound for human beings is uei\n(§<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a>). I am not sure what the\nappropriate response is, but at least women, when inside the house when\nsomeone outside is calling, may answer with a rising u or hu at a\nhigh pitch. Another observation made in the field which is not recorded\nin the corpus is that repeated dental clicks are made to express\namazement or incredulity (identified as a common trait in mainland and\nparts of insular South East Asia in )." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Mood, aspect and modality marking", "Header 3": "Aspect", "Header 4": "Completive =i koyet ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish’" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:compl\" label=\"sec:compl\"></span> The combination of\npredicate linker =i and the verb koyet ‘to be finished’ expresses\ncompletive aspect. The construction is part of a complex predicate also\ndescribed in §<a href=\"#sec:ikoyetsvc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ikoyetsvc\">[sec:ikoyetsvc]</a>. Completive =i\nkoyet is only used to link one action to another, and is therefore\noften best translated as ‘after’. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:tailhead\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:tailhead\">[sec:tailhead]</a>.\n(<a href=\"#exe:lemarat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lemarat\">[exe:lemarat]</a>) is taken from a\nnarrative about building a house, and illustrates a typical string of\nactions linked by =i koyet. \nLemarat paruoni koyet metko komangganggowet. Salat diran, sal rani\nkoyet, eba metko komangganggowet. Komangganggowi koyet, eba pi koi\nparararunat diraret.\nlemat=at paruon=i koyet metko komanggangguop=et sal=at di=ran\nsal ran=i koyet eba metko komanggangguop=et komanggangguop=i\nkoyet eba pi koi pararar-un=at di=rat=et\nbamboo_string=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nput_on_roof=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nroof_wood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move roof_wood\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish then there\nput_on_roof=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nput_on_roof=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> again\nfloor-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=go=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After making string, \\[we\\] put on the roof. Installing the roof wood,\nafter installing the roof wood, then we put on the roof. After putting\non the roof, then we install the floor again.’ <span id=\"exe:lemarat\"\nlabel=\"exe:lemarat\"></span> \nThe construction Verb-i koyet can also be a quantifying expression\nmeaning ‘all; until finished’, as described in\n§<a href=\"#ch:quant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:quant\">[ch:quant]</a>. Completive aspect typically\nexpresses that a totality of referents is affected, which is close in\nmeaning to the quantifying use of -i koyet. However, like other\nlanguages in East Indonesia, the completive is used also when an actor\ndeliberately ends an event .\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:lemarat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lemarat\">[exe:lemarat]</a>), there are clear agents,\nbut one could argue that a totality of referents is affected (all the\nroof wood is installed, the whole roof is closed).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:neweri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:neweri\">[exe:neweri]</a>), however, the referent is\nfirewood, and not all the firewood is bought, and neither is it probable\nthat all the money was spent. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme ma kai=at jien=i koyet=ta me newer=i koyet kusukusu\ntoni pier koi bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nfirewood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nbuy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\npay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish cuscus say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span> again\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After she bought firewood and paid, the cuscus said: “Shall we go?”’\n<span id=\"exe:neweri\" label=\"exe:neweri\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 30, "level": "low_resource", "question": "This wood is bent.", "split": "train" }
Leng dekta an narasa.	There was an earthquake, I felt it.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: There was an earthquake, I felt it.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"There\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like here\nKalamang translation: owandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"There\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: up there\nKalamang translation: osatko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"was\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: wash face\nKalamang translation: kanggisawuo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"was\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: wasp\nKalamang translation: kier\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"an\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: clean pandanus\nKalamang translation: us\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"an\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: at an angle\nKalamang translation: kaling\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"earthquake\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: earthworm\nKalamang translation: kalabet\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"earthquake\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: earthquake\nKalamang translation: leng dek\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"felt\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: female\nKalamang translation: pas\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"felt\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: few\nKalamang translation: etaman; -taman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"it\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that's it\nKalamang translation: ma he me\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"it\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: with a hole in it\nKalamang translation: durcie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"There\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are no lontar palms here.\nKalamang translation: Naiar me watko saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"There\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"was\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That day there was a lot of fish.\nKalamang translation: Yuol me sorat fakurat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"was\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother went fishing, her fishing line was entangled.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun bo warta nikaun kolkol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"an\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They go live in an empty place.\nKalamang translation: Mu bo go saerak tua reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"an\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There's an eel in the stone.\nKalamang translation: Kawarsuop yar nerunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"earthquake\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm getting bamboo to make a basket with.\nKalamang translation: An gousat repte minggi kiemparuo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"earthquake\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many earthworms at the banana tree.\nKalamang translation: Im ewun me kalabet reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"felt\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Unyil walked into her mother and her mother fell.\nKalamang translation: Unyil marmarta emunat kosara, emun tur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"felt\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rehan's tooth fell out but a new one grows.\nKalamang translation: Rehan gierun tur ba giartena kos.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"it\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Keep it still already!\nKalamang translation: Mat malelinde geǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"it\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When it rains we can see the other island close-by.\nKalamang translation: Kalis urta pi lenggonat komera kokir.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:wcq\" label=\"sec:wcq\"></span> Question words or content\ninterrogatives are words that are used to make non-polar questions,\nindicating the part of the proposition that the speaker is asking about.\nThey form a closed class. Question words take the slot of the\nconstituent that the speaker is asking about. They cut across several\nword classes , with Kalamang having nominal, adnominal, predicative and\nadverbial question words, and one quantifier question word. Their main\nshared feature is that they structurally replace other constituents,\nwhich is why they are discussed together here. As for their form, all\nquestion words but neba ‘what’ contain a sequence ama, and all but\nneba and naman ‘who’ contain the sequence tama or its allophonic\nvariant rama. The question words are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:wcques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:wcques\">[tab:wcques]</a>. Neba ‘what’ is a very\ngeneric question word which can question both items and actions. It also\nfunctions as a placeholder for any constituent, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a>. \nNaman ‘who’ and neba ‘what’ are nominal, taking the place of\nsubjects and objects, with the ability to carry postpositions\n(§<a href=\"#sec:wcnoun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcnoun\">[sec:wcnoun]</a>). Naman replaces\npronouns, being unable to carry possessive morphology, but having the\npossibility to carry generic possessive =kin or animate lative and\nlocative postpositions =kongga and =konggo, respectively. Naman\nand neba, as well as tama below, can be followed by a focus marker\n=ba. In question-answer pairs, the answer may then also be followed by\n=ba, as in(<a href=\"#exe:namanba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namanba\">[exe:namanba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=ba\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘Who?’ an=ba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘Me.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:namanba\" label=\"exe:namanba\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmena mu neba=at=a paruot=kin\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\ndo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Then, what do they want to do?’ <span id=\"exe:menamu\"\nlabel=\"exe:menamu\"></span> \n</div> \nTama ‘which’ usually modifies the noun in the NP, replacing a\ndemonstrative. Neba does not occur replacing demonstratives. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nanggas=at tarat-un eranun\ndoor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nclose-<span class=\"smallcaps\">nmlz</span> cannot\n‘Couldn’t you close the door?’ anggas tama\ndoor which\n‘Which door?’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:tama\" label=\"exe:tama\"></span> \n</div> \nTamangga ‘to/from where’ and tamatko ‘where’ are formed with tama\nplus the lative or the locative enclitic, respectively (for the\nmorphosyntax see §<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>). They have verbal\nproperties. Tamangga, like other words carrying lative =ka, is\nprimarily used in complex predicates (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:svc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:svc\">[ch:svc]</a>), for example with jie ‘get’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tamjie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamjie\">[exe:tamjie]</a>). Tamatko, like other\nwords carrying locative =ko, is usually in predicate function. It can\nstand on its own, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tamatko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamatko\">[exe:tamatko]</a>), or be accompanied by\nanother verb. A short form of tamatko is tama. These suffixes are\nalso described in §<a href=\"#sec:lat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lat\">[sec:lat]</a>\nand<a href=\"#sec:loc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:loc\">[sec:loc]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka tamangga=ta jie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nfrom_where=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> get\n‘Where did you get \\[it\\] from?’ <span id=\"exe:tamjie\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamjie\"></span> ema tamatko\nmother where\n‘Where is mother?’ <span id=\"exe:tamatko\" label=\"exe:tamatko\"></span> \n</div> \nTamandi is an adverbial question word. It is illustrated modifying\nkomele ‘burn’ in(<a href=\"#exe:qadv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:qadv\">[exe:qadv]</a>), and paruo ‘do’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:babut\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:babut\">[exe:babut]</a>) below. In addition, it is\nused as a greeting with the meaning ‘how are you doing?’. It seems to\ncontain the suffix -ndi, which is also found on manner demonstratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mqqd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mqqd\">[sec:mqqd]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ndin saerak in tamandi=a lampur=at komele\nfire <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nlamp=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> burn\n‘There was no fire, how could we burn the lamps?’ <span id=\"exe:qadv\"\nlabel=\"exe:qadv\"></span> \n</div> \nPuraman ‘how many’ replaces a quantifier.\n(<a href=\"#exe:pel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pel\">[exe:pel]</a>) illustrates puraman following\na classifier (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwat nak-puraman-i mindi kajie\ncoconut\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_fruit1</span>-how_many-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nlike_that pick\n‘How many coconuts did \\[we\\] pick like that?’ <span id=\"exe:pel\"\nlabel=\"exe:pel\"></span> \n</div> \nNote that there is no question word for time. Yuol tama ‘which day’\nwas elicited, but does not occur in the natural speech corpus. There is\none occurrence of yuol puraman ‘which day’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni yuol puraman usar=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say day how_many\nbuild_frame_house=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Which day do \\[we\\] install the frame of the house?’ \n</div> \nThe syntax of questions with question words is further described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:opq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:opq\">[sec:opq]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"ch:maps\" label=\"ch:maps\"></span>\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnarrnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">23.1</a> displays those names\nmentioned in the traditional narratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>).\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnames\">23.2</a> shows all recorded coastal\nnames of the big Karas island, and a few additional place names. For a\nbigger version, zoom in on the digital version of this page, or download\nthe map from the Kalamang archive.[^104] \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names_narratives.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Place names of Karas mentioned in traditional\nnarratives</figcaption>\n</figure> \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Coastal place names of Karas</figcaption>\n</figure> \n[^1]: Data taken from the 2018 and 2019 publications of Statistik Daerah\nKabupaten Fakfak \\[Statistics Fakfak Regency Area\\], published by\nthe Badan Pusat Statistik Daerah Fakfak \\[Central Bureau of\nStatistics Fakfak Area\\]. Publications can be found at\n<https://fakfakkab.bps.go.id/publication.html>. \n[^2]: This map seems to be an unpublished draft, but is for example used\nin . \n[^3]: (Sub)grouping in this paragraph according to Glottolog. \n[^4]: Data on the map (series 1501, sheet SA 53-13, edition 1) comes\nfrom the years 1956-1960. \n[^5]: Archived at <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF4-4> \n[^6]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFB-1> \n[^7]: Recordings of prayers can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF7-4>,\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D> and\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6>. Picture\nmaterial of shared meals is available at the last two links. \n[^8]: These comprise the water in Sebakor Bay, extending southwards at\nleast as far as Kitikiti waterfall (3°50’25.7\"S 132°47’57.5\"E). I do\nnot know if the waters west of the biggest Karas island belong to\nKaras district, or if the water is divided between the\nKalamang-speaking and Uruangnirin-speaking communities. \n[^9]: Of whom at least one has passed away since. \n[^10]: This was operationalised in Indonesian as lancar; yang tahu\nbahasa bagus sekali and kurang lancar; yang masih pikir-pikir. \n[^11]: While there is obviously a cline in proficiency from fluent to\nnon-fluent to minimal, it was no matter of discussion for my two\nconsultants whom to include as fluent and non-fluent speakers, and\nwhom to exclude from the speaker count. \n[^12]: The only instance where I have noticed people showing off with\nKalamang is when in public places in Fakfak with me, but it is used\nto trick others into believing that they are speaking English with\nme. \n[^13]: Kapaur in . \n[^14]: Patimuni in . In other sources spelled as Bah(a)am or Mbahaam. \n[^15]: explain well how the descriptive linguist both informs and is\ninformed by typology and formal linguistics. I can only hope I have\nstruck the right balance. \n[^16]: Audio recordings for phonetic analysis and of paradigms, made in\n2015, contain the voices of four other (partial) speakers. Their\nmetadata can be found in the corpus. \n[^17]: Other people to whom gifts were extended are my hosts in Fakfak\nand Mas, the village head of Mas, my local aunts, uncles and\ngrandmother, and other people with whom I maintained a personal\nrelationship. \n[^18]: The corpus, called The Kalamang collection: an archive of\nlinguistic and cultural material from Karas can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^19]: A fifth field trip was planned for 2020 but had to be cancelled\ndue to COVID-19. Luckily, I had enough data to finish the current\nstudy. Things that I had planned for the last field trip included\ndouble-checking the transcriptions of recordings made in 2019,\ndouble-checking all the examples used in this study, double-checking\nsome lemmas in the dictionary, collecting more pictures for the\ndictionary, recording audio samples of all lemmas, collecting\nrecordings of more genres (such as making offerings, ghost stories,\nand action camera recordings of people in their gardens and loading\na canoe), collecting supplementary grammaticality judgements on\nvarious topics (such as the apprehensive construction, classifiers,\npossessive constructions, prosody, quantifiers and reflexives) and\ncarrying out ethnobotanic/linguistic fieldwork in collaboration with\nan MA student in ethnobotany. \n[^20]: A breath group is what the speaker manages to say between two\nbreaths, and is a convenient way to divide utterances. This division\nwas not strictly followed. Sometimes people would pause without\nbreathing – for example at the end of a non-final clause. Some\nspeakers had a habit of uttering very long stretches of speech,\nseemingly without breathing. These stretches were divided wherever\nit seemed practical to do so during the transcription. \n[^21]: Transcribed recordings are archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^22]: Annotated elicited data is archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A>. \n[^23]: While I do think that there are differences in style and\nnaturalness between the three categories stimulus-based, narrative\nand conversations, I have not actually investigated this. Also, the\ncategories are not clear-cut. The stimulus-based recordings\nobviously can be narratives or conversations, conversations may\ncontain stretches of narrative, narratives may contain a short\nconversation with a passer-by, etc. This classification is just one\nway to give the reader at least some degree of context when reading\nan example. \n[^24]: Defined in as “connected naturally occurring utterance\\[s\\]”. \n[^25]: Some of it can be found in the conversations between Fajaria\nYarkuran and Nurmia Yarkuran (conv9–11, conv13–16), which are\ninterrupted by children entering the room. Some speakers also\naddress the linguist in an opening and a closing of a narrative in\nPapuan Malay (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>). Note that code switching\nbetween Kalamang and Papuan Malay without a change of audience,\ntypically for just a few words at a time, is very common and occurs\nin all recordings. \n[^26]: One song, Loflof, can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF9-5>, and the\nnarratives narr18 and narr19 contain short songs. The ritual chant\ntenggelele can be found in conv8. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:formula\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:formula\">[sec:formula]</a>. \n[^27]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^28]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^29]: These can currently be found at\n<https://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/representations/gloss/index.php?open=../../../../../includes/gramm_category_labels.inc>. \n[^30]: According to . I do not have access to the original report. \n[^31]: In fact, if one takes into account the WALS features and\nlanguages, the Papuan languages do not stand apart from the rest of\nthe world’s languages at all . \n[^32]: : “\\[W\\]e define East Nusantara as a geographical area that\nextends from Sumbawa to the west, across the islands of East Nusa\nTenggara, Maluku including Halmahera, and to the Bird’s Head of New\nGuinea in the east \\[...\\]. In the northwest, the area is bounded by\nSulawesi.” \n[^33]: Melanesia, based on the features considered in , “begins in the\narea of Flores-Sumba-Timor, reaches through New Guinea and into the\nBismarck Archipelago, and concludes in Vanuatu-New Caledonia”\n(p.122). Linguistic Wallacea is similar to East Nusantara.\nLinguistic Wallacea differs from Biological Wallacea in that the\nformer does not include Sulawesi and the latter does not include any\nparts of New Guinea. \n[^34]: Voiced stops do not occur syllable-finally, also not as\nunderlying phonemes. The voiceless stops that are syllable-final are\nso also underlyingly. \n[^35]: As counted in April 2019. \n[^36]: Timothy Usher (p.c.) suggests that this is the case because it\nderives historically from a longer form \\kinV. \n[^37]: Note that this is an intonational* pitch accent, not to be\nconfounded with lexical tones. \n[^38]: I checked 96 Papuan grammars and grammar sketches in 2018. Of\nthese, 29 make some mention of intonation, ranging from a brief\nmention in the chapter on discourse structuring to a number or arrow\nsystem to describe intonation created by the author of the grammar.\nOf these 29, only five grammars include pitch contours. Of those\nfive, only three have pitch contours generated with help of\nsoftware. Those three languages are described here. For the other\ntwo languages, Mauwake and Menggwa Dla, only hand-drawn pitch\ncontours without alignment or a Hz scale are available. The\ndescription of prosody in Qaqet came to my attention in 2020 and was\nadded subsequently. \n[^39]: There are other comparative data that may give a clue to the\norigin of /t/ and /n/. The West Bomberai language Iha has the\n(singular patient) -ny and (plural patient) -te conjugations in\nsome verbs , and the East Timorese language Fataluku has the same\nsubject clitic =n(u) and different subject =t(u) . Although\nKalamang has no synchronic number marking for patients or\nswitch-reference marking, the phonemes /t/ and /n/ may be remnants\nof something similar. \n[^40]: The forms wat and met are underlyingly or diachronically\nwa=at ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span>’ and me=at\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=obj</span>’ (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), respectively, and cannot be\ncompared to a verb such as bo ‘to go’, which has two uninflected\nforms: bo and bot. \n[^41]: Note also that there are instances where there has been an\nobvious loss of prenasalisation between vowels – for example, in the\nnumerals /kodak/ ‘just one’ and /kodaet/ ‘one more’. These are\ndiachronically /kon/ + /tak/ and /kon/ + /taet/, respectively. It is\nlikely that these forms originally were \\[kondak̚\\] and \\[kondaet̚\\]\n(nasal assimilation, §<a href=\"#sec:assim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:assim\">[sec:assim]</a>), which were reanalysed\nas monomorphemic words before the nasal was removed for some reason.\nOtherwise, we would expect \\[korak̚\\] and \\[koraet̚\\] (lenition of\nintervocalic stops, §<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). \n[^42]: I started a test where I let different speakers transcribe the\nsame 11 sentences from corpus recordings, to see how they would\nsegment units. I did not do the test with more than two speakers,\nhowever, because I realised there was a lack of good speakers who\ncould write clearly enough to determine segments. Although most\nKalamang speakers are literate, many of them are not experienced or\nfluent writers. \n[^43]: Except for verbs in the imperative mood, which distinguish\nbetween singular and plural subjects\n(§<a href=\"#sec:verbdistr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbdistr\">[sec:verbdistr]</a>). \n[^44]: Note the similarity of this suffix with the last part of the\npronominal suffix -autak ‘alone’,\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>, and the last part of\nreidak ‘many’,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:inreidak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inreidak\">[exe:inreidak]</a>. \n[^45]: These are analysed as postpositions, not case markers, because of\nthe domain of attachment (the NP, not the noun), a lack of agreement\nor declension paradigms, and because the forms are almost mutually\nexclusive. The author has no strong preference for either analysis,\nand encourages the reader to replace “postposition” with “case\nmarker” in their mind if they wish. \n[^46]: See and for a definition of and information about the categories\niamitive and nondum, respectively. \n[^47]: A sixth root, teit- ‘neighbour’, was elicited as inalienable\nbut does not occur in the natural spoken corpus. \n[^48]: Several data points suggest a link between agentive nominaliser\n-et and a more general “animator”. Many animal names, especially\nthose for insects, end in -et or -let (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:letet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:letet\">48</a>). This is not a productive suffix\non animal names, and there is no proof of a diachronic relation with\nthe agentive nominaliser -et. However, note also the animate\nclassifier et- (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). A speculative relation\ncould be made between donenet ‘black ant’ and -nenen ‘body hair’\n(‘that which is hairy’), and between kalabet ‘earth worm’ and\nkalawen ‘soft’ (‘that which is soft’). Kedederet ‘k.o. bird’\ncould be derived from an onomatopoeion. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndonenet ‘black ant’ kalabet ‘earth worm’ kalkalet ‘mosquito’\nkapapet ‘glassy sweeper (k.o. fish)’ kedederet ‘k.o. small black\nbird’ pabalet ‘fly’ pueselet ‘spider’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:letet\" label=\"exe:letet\"></span> \n</div> \n[^49]: The general associative marker =kin is used to make similar\nconstructions to these. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>. \n[^50]: Japanese and Korean have similar phenomena, where quantifiers can\nbe both inside and outside the NP . \n[^51]: Contra the preliminary analysis of the Kalamang pronominal system\nin , clusivity is a well-established distinction in Kalamang. \n[^52]: This observation is impressionistic. It is based on a corpus\nsearch for pronouns with a suffixed numeral. A confounding factor is\nthat lower numerals are more common than higher numerals. \n[^53]: This is parallel to the local Malay, where mama tua and bapak\ntua are father or mother’s older sister and brother, respectively.\nA parent’s younger sister can be called (mama) ci, but I am not\naware of a corresponding term for men in use on Karas. \n[^54]: Using the established abbreviations for kinship terms: e = elder,\ny = younger, F = father, M = mother, B = brother, Z = sister, S =\nson, D = daughter, H = husband, W = wife. I.e. FeZ means ‘father’s\nelder sister’. \n[^55]: In other words, lineal kin of both two generations up and two\ngenerations down from ego is referred to as tara- \n[^56]: Polygamy is legal in Indonesia but not currently practiced on\nKaras. \n[^57]: Anak piara in local Malay. The parents of such a child are\ntypically alive and capable of taking care of children, and are in\ncontact with the child they have fostered out. This may be a\npractice that takes care of individuals or families that do not or\ncannot have children themselves, while at the same time lifting the\nburden from families with many children. \n[^58]: 7 = 6 + 1 is found in several languages of the area, among which\nare the Aru languages, Onin, Sekar and Uruangnirin . \n[^59]: There might be an intonational difference, but this was not\ntested for. \n[^60]: The West Bomberai language Mbaham has a word muur ‘branch’ and\na transport classifier mu- , and Iha has a classifier mur for\nboats, ‘motor’ and branches (Katherine Walker, p.c.). \n[^61]: While I elicited negative grammaticality judgments for mir-\nwith, for example, other modes of transport or other things made of\nwood, I have not had the chance to test pel- in combination with\nnouns other than ‘banana’. In other words, the status of pel- as a\nunique classifier is based on its lack of appearance in combination\nwith nouns other than ‘banana’ in the current corpus. \n[^62]: maybe tau ‘?’ + eir ‘two’, although ‘two sides’ is tawirir \n[^63]: These are pendapat ‘opinion’ (Malay loan), toman ‘bag’, hak\n‘right’ (Malay loan), kewe ‘house’, asal ‘origin’ (Malay loan)\nand guru ‘teacher’ (Malay loan). A reason that many of these are\nMalay loans might be that possessive constructions in Papuan Malay\nare made with a periphrastic construction (possessor + ‘have’ +\npossessum), which might trigger the use of a possessive pronoun\ninstead of a suffix in Kalamang. In any case, the number of\noccurrences of these words is so low in comparison to those of esa\n‘father’ and ema ‘mother’ that we will not consider them any\nfurther. \n[^64]: There is no restriction against a possessive suffix on a noun\nending in /a/, cf. nika-an ‘my fishing line’. \n[^65]: Compare also tamandi ‘how’, apparently formed with the question\nword root tama and the suffix -ndi. \n[^66]: Karas is spoken on a limestone island that rises out of the sea.\nBoth villages, Mas and Antalisa, are built on a strip of beach and\nthe adjacent slopes. \n[^67]: Note that the phonemes -n and -t (~ -d ~ -r) also occur\non demonstratives and question words, and pose a morphophonological\nproblem that is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>. \n[^68]: Other predicate enclitics, such as non-final =te and =ta or\nprogressive =teba, do not trigger the insertion of -t or -n. \n[^69]: The fact that the form with -n does not carry y- and vice\nversa may be related to them having different stress patterns:\nˈyecie vs eˈcien. All “uninflected” verbs with -n carry stress\non the last syllable, even if the verb without -n carries stress\non the first (e.g. ˈpotma vs potˈman ‘to cut’, ˈparuo vs\npaˈruon ‘to do’, ˈosie vs oˈsien) but yecie is the only one\nwith a difference in initial vowel. Syllable weight does not\nnormally play a role in stress assignment in Kalamang (as described\nin§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>). \n[^70]: Exceptions are gocie ‘to live’ and yecie ‘to return’, but\nbecause these have different semantics I have not listed them here.\nNote, however, that -cie in gocie may also be a morpheme, as\ngo means ‘place’. Those counterparts in -cie marked with an\nasterisk in the table were rejected in elicitation; the gaps remain\nto be tested. \n[^71]: A distinction between na in the meaning ‘to drink’ and in the\nmeaning ‘to eat’ was made to make the dataset comparable with other\nlanguages. Na ‘to eat’ was very unlikely to incorporate. For\ndetails, see . \n[^72]: This is why some reduplications are glossed as\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>’, instead of forcing a specific\nreading on them. \n[^73]: Four words in the lexicon might contain a fossilised prefix\nun-. These are unmasir ‘to give birth’ (cf, masir ‘to weed’),\nunkoryap ‘to divide’ (cf. koryap ‘to divide’, yap ‘to\ndivide’), unkawer ‘body fat’ (kawer not attested) and unsor\n‘orange-spotted trevally’ (cf. sor ‘fish’). \n[^74]: This construction was elicited with a picture of child washing\nits own hair, which was contrasted with a picture of a mother\nbathing a child. Showing the picture was accompanied by a request\nfor a translation of Malay anak mandi diri ‘the child bathes\nitself’ and saya mandi diri ‘I bathe myself’. \n[^75]: The translational equivalent of two applicatives and three\npromoted arguments is not entirely clear and therefore given with a\nquestion mark. \n[^76]: Other languages with a zero morpheme for ‘give’ are the Gum\nlanguages of Papua New Guinea, notably , and , a Muskogean language\n. \n[^77]: For comparative constructions, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:compcon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compcon\">[sec:compcon]</a>. \n[^78]: This is reminiscent of languages such as Candoshi (isolate,\nPeru), which describes colours with terms that translate as ‘like\nthe feathers of a Milvago bird’ . For Candoshi, it is claimed that\nthese terms only have secondary use as colour terms, and that the\nlanguage therefore does not really have colour terms. An overarching\nword ‘colour’ is also lacking. Although the latter is the case for\nKalamang as well, and Kalamang colour terms are clearly derived\nterms, the words mentioned here are used primarily as colour terms.\nPeople backtranslate baranggap as ‘yellow’, for example, and not\nas ‘like turmeric’. \n[^79]: The relation between aspect and universal quantification is\ndiscussed for Timor-Alor languages in . See also : “Completives\ndiffer from finish semantics in that the endpoint of the event is\nnot reached by some actor wilfully ending it, but because a totality\nof referents is affected”. In\n§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>, I argue that Kalamang\n=i koyet does both. \n[^80]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin (§<a href=\"#sec:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kin\">[sec:kin]</a>). The corpus instances of\ntoni followed by a verb that is not marked with =kin are\nambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’ reading. \n[^81]: This is a morphosyntactic definition for a morphosyntactic\nphenomenon. Often-used criteria such as intonation and event\nstructure (in e.g. ) are argued to be hard to falsify and to follow\nfrom a morphosyntactic definition (e.g. ). \n[^82]: Alternatively, it could be argued that bo is an independent\nform of bot. In that case, complex predicates with bo are not\nSVCs. \n[^83]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin. Toni can also mean ‘say; think’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvctoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvctoni\">14.2.3</a>), so many of the corpus\ninstances of toni followed by a verb that is not marked with\n=kin are ambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’\nreading. \n[^84]: In examples like this, I do not know whether the volitional\nmarker refers to the third person plural subject or to the subject\nof the matrix clause. \n[^85]: Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the\nuse of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only\noccurs on pronouns). \n[^86]: The iamitive can co-occur with the progressive, the iamitive can\nco-occur with the completive, the nondum can co-occur with the\nprogressive and the nondum can co-occur with the completive. The\niamitive and nondum cannot co-occur with each other. The progressive\nand completive cannot co-occur with each other either. \n[^87]: Similar to English ‘yet’. \n[^88]: There is not currently enough data to determine whether the\nposition in the clause has an effect on the scope of the modal\nmarkers. Also, the exact word class of these markers remains\nunclear. Most of them are verb-like (and three of them are borrowed\nfrom Malay verbs), but again, data is too scarce to make a coherent\nproposal, and hence they are just discussed as ‘modal markers’ here. \n[^89]: Suka is likely a nominalised verb or a noun, and hence examples\nwith suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> could be paraphrased as ‘is not\nof subject’s liking’. \n[^90]: Compare Papuan Malay jadi as a sentence-final particle that\nindicates the reason for the sentence, according to . \n[^91]: suggest that temporal-anaphoric adverbs are often diachronic\nsources of apprehensive markers. This also seems to be the case for\nKalamang mena ‘later; otherwise; in case’, which corresponds to\nlocal Malay nanti ‘later’, also used in precautionary\nconstructions . \n[^92]: for the similarities between conditionals and topics see . \n[^93]: As well as into copulas and definite markers . \n[^94]: mention demonstratives as sources for fillers to deal with\nword-formation trouble, but I have only observed me functioning as\na filler between clauses (see\nalso§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a> for placeholder neba). \n[^95]: An adapted version of this section, with focus on the structure\nof The money-defecating cow, will appear in . \n[^96]: There are more indications the latter is the case, e.g. speakers\nasking others for names of protagonists (narr20), giving their names\nat the end of the story (narr28) or supplying background information\n(switching to Malay) after the start of the story (narr18). The only\nstory that was recorded twice, once in Kalamang for the camera and\nan audience of one (besides the linguist) and once in Papuan Malay\nbefore a class of school children, has more background information\nin the second version. This may be due to practice, but it may also\nbe an adaptation to the audience. Alternatively, names and other\ndetails I consider to be ‘background information’ are not deemed\nimportant by the Kalamang storytellers whose narratives were\nanalysed here. \n[^97]: There are more rock formations that are thought to be boat or\nship wrecks, sometimes from as recently as the Second World War.\nSimilar explanations for geographical features in other societies in\neastern Indonesia are given in . Pannell writes that one of her\ninformants noted that “all places which have a name, have a person\nand a history associated with them”. This is the case for Kalamang\nas well, judging from some descriptive coastal place names on the\nbig Karas island, such as Grandmother’s Cape, Women’s Foothill,\nButon Fish House Cape. \n[^98]: I have the impression that this is more used towards outsiders\nwith passive knowledge of Kalamang (such as frequent visitors to the\nisland, or myself) than between Kalamang speakers themselves. There\nare no examples of it in the corpus. \n[^99]: There are three reasons yor is not analysed as meaning ‘yes’.\nFirst, an affirmative answer to a yes/no question is not typically\ngiven with yor but with a repetition of the subject and the verb.\nSecond, Kalamang speakers translate it into Papuan Malay as betul\n‘true’, not as (i)ya ‘yes’. Third, diachronically yor also seems\nto mean ‘true’ or ‘right’. It is used in words and expressions like\nkabor se yor-tayun ‘pregnant’ (lit. ‘stomach already yor-side’)\nand yorsik ‘straight’. \n[^100]: Such obscured or polite forms may also be made in other ways.\nAnother obscured/polite word for sugar or rice is muap iriskap,\nlit. ‘white food’, and another obscured/polite word for pitis\n‘money’ is lolok ‘leaf’. \n[^101]: Archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC6-C>. This text\nserves as an example. Five other glossed and translated texts are\npublished as . ELAN and XML files with glosses and translations are\navailable for all texts in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^102]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFE-F>. \n[^103]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^104]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BEC-7>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: There was an earthquake, I felt it.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Leng dekta an narasa.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Leng dekta an narasa.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Word classes", "Header 2": "Question words", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:wcq\" label=\"sec:wcq\"></span> Question words or content\ninterrogatives are words that are used to make non-polar questions,\nindicating the part of the proposition that the speaker is asking about.\nThey form a closed class. Question words take the slot of the\nconstituent that the speaker is asking about. They cut across several\nword classes , with Kalamang having nominal, adnominal, predicative and\nadverbial question words, and one quantifier question word. Their main\nshared feature is that they structurally replace other constituents,\nwhich is why they are discussed together here. As for their form, all\nquestion words but neba ‘what’ contain a sequence ama, and all but\nneba and naman ‘who’ contain the sequence tama or its allophonic\nvariant rama. The question words are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:wcques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:wcques\">[tab:wcques]</a>. Neba ‘what’ is a very\ngeneric question word which can question both items and actions. It also\nfunctions as a placeholder for any constituent, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a>. \nNaman ‘who’ and neba ‘what’ are nominal, taking the place of\nsubjects and objects, with the ability to carry postpositions\n(§<a href=\"#sec:wcnoun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcnoun\">[sec:wcnoun]</a>). Naman replaces\npronouns, being unable to carry possessive morphology, but having the\npossibility to carry generic possessive =kin or animate lative and\nlocative postpositions =kongga and =konggo, respectively. Naman\nand neba, as well as tama below, can be followed by a focus marker\n=ba. In question-answer pairs, the answer may then also be followed by\n=ba, as in(<a href=\"#exe:namanba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namanba\">[exe:namanba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=ba\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘Who?’ an=ba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘Me.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:namanba\" label=\"exe:namanba\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmena mu neba=at=a paruot=kin\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\ndo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Then, what do they want to do?’ <span id=\"exe:menamu\"\nlabel=\"exe:menamu\"></span> \n</div> \nTama ‘which’ usually modifies the noun in the NP, replacing a\ndemonstrative. Neba does not occur replacing demonstratives. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nanggas=at tarat-un eranun\ndoor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nclose-<span class=\"smallcaps\">nmlz</span> cannot\n‘Couldn’t you close the door?’ anggas tama\ndoor which\n‘Which door?’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:tama\" label=\"exe:tama\"></span> \n</div> \nTamangga ‘to/from where’ and tamatko ‘where’ are formed with tama\nplus the lative or the locative enclitic, respectively (for the\nmorphosyntax see §<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>). They have verbal\nproperties. Tamangga, like other words carrying lative =ka, is\nprimarily used in complex predicates (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:svc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:svc\">[ch:svc]</a>), for example with jie ‘get’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tamjie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamjie\">[exe:tamjie]</a>). Tamatko, like other\nwords carrying locative =ko, is usually in predicate function. It can\nstand on its own, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tamatko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamatko\">[exe:tamatko]</a>), or be accompanied by\nanother verb. A short form of tamatko is tama. These suffixes are\nalso described in §<a href=\"#sec:lat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lat\">[sec:lat]</a>\nand<a href=\"#sec:loc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:loc\">[sec:loc]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka tamangga=ta jie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nfrom_where=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> get\n‘Where did you get \\[it\\] from?’ <span id=\"exe:tamjie\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamjie\"></span> ema tamatko\nmother where\n‘Where is mother?’ <span id=\"exe:tamatko\" label=\"exe:tamatko\"></span> \n</div> \nTamandi is an adverbial question word. It is illustrated modifying\nkomele ‘burn’ in(<a href=\"#exe:qadv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:qadv\">[exe:qadv]</a>), and paruo ‘do’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:babut\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:babut\">[exe:babut]</a>) below. In addition, it is\nused as a greeting with the meaning ‘how are you doing?’. It seems to\ncontain the suffix -ndi, which is also found on manner demonstratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mqqd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mqqd\">[sec:mqqd]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ndin saerak in tamandi=a lampur=at komele\nfire <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nlamp=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> burn\n‘There was no fire, how could we burn the lamps?’ <span id=\"exe:qadv\"\nlabel=\"exe:qadv\"></span> \n</div> \nPuraman ‘how many’ replaces a quantifier.\n(<a href=\"#exe:pel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pel\">[exe:pel]</a>) illustrates puraman following\na classifier (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwat nak-puraman-i mindi kajie\ncoconut\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_fruit1</span>-how_many-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nlike_that pick\n‘How many coconuts did \\[we\\] pick like that?’ <span id=\"exe:pel\"\nlabel=\"exe:pel\"></span> \n</div> \nNote that there is no question word for time. Yuol tama ‘which day’\nwas elicited, but does not occur in the natural speech corpus. There is\none occurrence of yuol puraman ‘which day’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni yuol puraman usar=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say day how_many\nbuild_frame_house=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Which day do \\[we\\] install the frame of the house?’ \n</div> \nThe syntax of questions with question words is further described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:opq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:opq\">[sec:opq]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Maps", "Header 2": null, "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"ch:maps\" label=\"ch:maps\"></span>\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnarrnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">23.1</a> displays those names\nmentioned in the traditional narratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>).\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnames\">23.2</a> shows all recorded coastal\nnames of the big Karas island, and a few additional place names. For a\nbigger version, zoom in on the digital version of this page, or download\nthe map from the Kalamang archive.[^104] \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names_narratives.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Place names of Karas mentioned in traditional\nnarratives</figcaption>\n</figure> \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Coastal place names of Karas</figcaption>\n</figure> \n[^1]: Data taken from the 2018 and 2019 publications of Statistik Daerah\nKabupaten Fakfak \\[Statistics Fakfak Regency Area\\], published by\nthe Badan Pusat Statistik Daerah Fakfak \\[Central Bureau of\nStatistics Fakfak Area\\]. Publications can be found at\n<https://fakfakkab.bps.go.id/publication.html>. \n[^2]: This map seems to be an unpublished draft, but is for example used\nin . \n[^3]: (Sub)grouping in this paragraph according to Glottolog. \n[^4]: Data on the map (series 1501, sheet SA 53-13, edition 1) comes\nfrom the years 1956-1960. \n[^5]: Archived at <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF4-4> \n[^6]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFB-1> \n[^7]: Recordings of prayers can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF7-4>,\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D> and\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6>. Picture\nmaterial of shared meals is available at the last two links. \n[^8]: These comprise the water in Sebakor Bay, extending southwards at\nleast as far as Kitikiti waterfall (3°50’25.7\"S 132°47’57.5\"E). I do\nnot know if the waters west of the biggest Karas island belong to\nKaras district, or if the water is divided between the\nKalamang-speaking and Uruangnirin-speaking communities. \n[^9]: Of whom at least one has passed away since. \n[^10]: This was operationalised in Indonesian as lancar; yang tahu\nbahasa bagus sekali and kurang lancar; yang masih pikir-pikir. \n[^11]: While there is obviously a cline in proficiency from fluent to\nnon-fluent to minimal, it was no matter of discussion for my two\nconsultants whom to include as fluent and non-fluent speakers, and\nwhom to exclude from the speaker count. \n[^12]: The only instance where I have noticed people showing off with\nKalamang is when in public places in Fakfak with me, but it is used\nto trick others into believing that they are speaking English with\nme. \n[^13]: Kapaur in . \n[^14]: Patimuni in . In other sources spelled as Bah(a)am or Mbahaam. \n[^15]: explain well how the descriptive linguist both informs and is\ninformed by typology and formal linguistics. I can only hope I have\nstruck the right balance. \n[^16]: Audio recordings for phonetic analysis and of paradigms, made in\n2015, contain the voices of four other (partial) speakers. Their\nmetadata can be found in the corpus. \n[^17]: Other people to whom gifts were extended are my hosts in Fakfak\nand Mas, the village head of Mas, my local aunts, uncles and\ngrandmother, and other people with whom I maintained a personal\nrelationship. \n[^18]: The corpus, called The Kalamang collection: an archive of\nlinguistic and cultural material from Karas can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^19]: A fifth field trip was planned for 2020 but had to be cancelled\ndue to COVID-19. Luckily, I had enough data to finish the current\nstudy. Things that I had planned for the last field trip included\ndouble-checking the transcriptions of recordings made in 2019,\ndouble-checking all the examples used in this study, double-checking\nsome lemmas in the dictionary, collecting more pictures for the\ndictionary, recording audio samples of all lemmas, collecting\nrecordings of more genres (such as making offerings, ghost stories,\nand action camera recordings of people in their gardens and loading\na canoe), collecting supplementary grammaticality judgements on\nvarious topics (such as the apprehensive construction, classifiers,\npossessive constructions, prosody, quantifiers and reflexives) and\ncarrying out ethnobotanic/linguistic fieldwork in collaboration with\nan MA student in ethnobotany. \n[^20]: A breath group is what the speaker manages to say between two\nbreaths, and is a convenient way to divide utterances. This division\nwas not strictly followed. Sometimes people would pause without\nbreathing – for example at the end of a non-final clause. Some\nspeakers had a habit of uttering very long stretches of speech,\nseemingly without breathing. These stretches were divided wherever\nit seemed practical to do so during the transcription. \n[^21]: Transcribed recordings are archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^22]: Annotated elicited data is archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A>. \n[^23]: While I do think that there are differences in style and\nnaturalness between the three categories stimulus-based, narrative\nand conversations, I have not actually investigated this. Also, the\ncategories are not clear-cut. The stimulus-based recordings\nobviously can be narratives or conversations, conversations may\ncontain stretches of narrative, narratives may contain a short\nconversation with a passer-by, etc. This classification is just one\nway to give the reader at least some degree of context when reading\nan example. \n[^24]: Defined in as “connected naturally occurring utterance\\[s\\]”. \n[^25]: Some of it can be found in the conversations between Fajaria\nYarkuran and Nurmia Yarkuran (conv9–11, conv13–16), which are\ninterrupted by children entering the room. Some speakers also\naddress the linguist in an opening and a closing of a narrative in\nPapuan Malay (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>). Note that code switching\nbetween Kalamang and Papuan Malay without a change of audience,\ntypically for just a few words at a time, is very common and occurs\nin all recordings. \n[^26]: One song, Loflof, can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF9-5>, and the\nnarratives narr18 and narr19 contain short songs. The ritual chant\ntenggelele can be found in conv8. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:formula\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:formula\">[sec:formula]</a>. \n[^27]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^28]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^29]: These can currently be found at\n<https://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/representations/gloss/index.php?open=../../../../../includes/gramm_category_labels.inc>. \n[^30]: According to . I do not have access to the original report. \n[^31]: In fact, if one takes into account the WALS features and\nlanguages, the Papuan languages do not stand apart from the rest of\nthe world’s languages at all . \n[^32]: : “\\[W\\]e define East Nusantara as a geographical area that\nextends from Sumbawa to the west, across the islands of East Nusa\nTenggara, Maluku including Halmahera, and to the Bird’s Head of New\nGuinea in the east \\[...\\]. In the northwest, the area is bounded by\nSulawesi.” \n[^33]: Melanesia, based on the features considered in , “begins in the\narea of Flores-Sumba-Timor, reaches through New Guinea and into the\nBismarck Archipelago, and concludes in Vanuatu-New Caledonia”\n(p.122). Linguistic Wallacea is similar to East Nusantara.\nLinguistic Wallacea differs from Biological Wallacea in that the\nformer does not include Sulawesi and the latter does not include any\nparts of New Guinea. \n[^34]: Voiced stops do not occur syllable-finally, also not as\nunderlying phonemes. The voiceless stops that are syllable-final are\nso also underlyingly. \n[^35]: As counted in April 2019. \n[^36]: Timothy Usher (p.c.) suggests that this is the case because it\nderives historically from a longer form \\kinV. \n[^37]: Note that this is an intonational* pitch accent, not to be\nconfounded with lexical tones. \n[^38]: I checked 96 Papuan grammars and grammar sketches in 2018. Of\nthese, 29 make some mention of intonation, ranging from a brief\nmention in the chapter on discourse structuring to a number or arrow\nsystem to describe intonation created by the author of the grammar.\nOf these 29, only five grammars include pitch contours. Of those\nfive, only three have pitch contours generated with help of\nsoftware. Those three languages are described here. For the other\ntwo languages, Mauwake and Menggwa Dla, only hand-drawn pitch\ncontours without alignment or a Hz scale are available. The\ndescription of prosody in Qaqet came to my attention in 2020 and was\nadded subsequently. \n[^39]: There are other comparative data that may give a clue to the\norigin of /t/ and /n/. The West Bomberai language Iha has the\n(singular patient) -ny and (plural patient) -te conjugations in\nsome verbs , and the East Timorese language Fataluku has the same\nsubject clitic =n(u) and different subject =t(u) . Although\nKalamang has no synchronic number marking for patients or\nswitch-reference marking, the phonemes /t/ and /n/ may be remnants\nof something similar. \n[^40]: The forms wat and met are underlyingly or diachronically\nwa=at ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span>’ and me=at\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=obj</span>’ (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), respectively, and cannot be\ncompared to a verb such as bo ‘to go’, which has two uninflected\nforms: bo and bot. \n[^41]: Note also that there are instances where there has been an\nobvious loss of prenasalisation between vowels – for example, in the\nnumerals /kodak/ ‘just one’ and /kodaet/ ‘one more’. These are\ndiachronically /kon/ + /tak/ and /kon/ + /taet/, respectively. It is\nlikely that these forms originally were \\[kondak̚\\] and \\[kondaet̚\\]\n(nasal assimilation, §<a href=\"#sec:assim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:assim\">[sec:assim]</a>), which were reanalysed\nas monomorphemic words before the nasal was removed for some reason.\nOtherwise, we would expect \\[korak̚\\] and \\[koraet̚\\] (lenition of\nintervocalic stops, §<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). \n[^42]: I started a test where I let different speakers transcribe the\nsame 11 sentences from corpus recordings, to see how they would\nsegment units. I did not do the test with more than two speakers,\nhowever, because I realised there was a lack of good speakers who\ncould write clearly enough to determine segments. Although most\nKalamang speakers are literate, many of them are not experienced or\nfluent writers. \n[^43]: Except for verbs in the imperative mood, which distinguish\nbetween singular and plural subjects\n(§<a href=\"#sec:verbdistr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbdistr\">[sec:verbdistr]</a>). \n[^44]: Note the similarity of this suffix with the last part of the\npronominal suffix -autak ‘alone’,\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>, and the last part of\nreidak ‘many’,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:inreidak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inreidak\">[exe:inreidak]</a>. \n[^45]: These are analysed as postpositions, not case markers, because of\nthe domain of attachment (the NP, not the noun), a lack of agreement\nor declension paradigms, and because the forms are almost mutually\nexclusive. The author has no strong preference for either analysis,\nand encourages the reader to replace “postposition” with “case\nmarker” in their mind if they wish. \n[^46]: See and for a definition of and information about the categories\niamitive and nondum, respectively. \n[^47]: A sixth root, teit- ‘neighbour’, was elicited as inalienable\nbut does not occur in the natural spoken corpus. \n[^48]: Several data points suggest a link between agentive nominaliser\n-et and a more general “animator”. Many animal names, especially\nthose for insects, end in -et or -let (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:letet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:letet\">48</a>). This is not a productive suffix\non animal names, and there is no proof of a diachronic relation with\nthe agentive nominaliser -et. However, note also the animate\nclassifier et- (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). A speculative relation\ncould be made between donenet ‘black ant’ and -nenen ‘body hair’\n(‘that which is hairy’), and between kalabet ‘earth worm’ and\nkalawen ‘soft’ (‘that which is soft’). Kedederet ‘k.o. bird’\ncould be derived from an onomatopoeion. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndonenet ‘black ant’ kalabet ‘earth worm’ kalkalet ‘mosquito’\nkapapet ‘glassy sweeper (k.o. fish)’ kedederet ‘k.o. small black\nbird’ pabalet ‘fly’ pueselet ‘spider’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:letet\" label=\"exe:letet\"></span> \n</div> \n[^49]: The general associative marker =kin is used to make similar\nconstructions to these. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>. \n[^50]: Japanese and Korean have similar phenomena, where quantifiers can\nbe both inside and outside the NP . \n[^51]: Contra the preliminary analysis of the Kalamang pronominal system\nin , clusivity is a well-established distinction in Kalamang. \n[^52]: This observation is impressionistic. It is based on a corpus\nsearch for pronouns with a suffixed numeral. A confounding factor is\nthat lower numerals are more common than higher numerals. \n[^53]: This is parallel to the local Malay, where mama tua and bapak\ntua are father or mother’s older sister and brother, respectively.\nA parent’s younger sister can be called (mama) ci, but I am not\naware of a corresponding term for men in use on Karas. \n[^54]: Using the established abbreviations for kinship terms: e = elder,\ny = younger, F = father, M = mother, B = brother, Z = sister, S =\nson, D = daughter, H = husband, W = wife. I.e. FeZ means ‘father’s\nelder sister’. \n[^55]: In other words, lineal kin of both two generations up and two\ngenerations down from ego is referred to as tara- \n[^56]: Polygamy is legal in Indonesia but not currently practiced on\nKaras. \n[^57]: Anak piara in local Malay. The parents of such a child are\ntypically alive and capable of taking care of children, and are in\ncontact with the child they have fostered out. This may be a\npractice that takes care of individuals or families that do not or\ncannot have children themselves, while at the same time lifting the\nburden from families with many children. \n[^58]: 7 = 6 + 1 is found in several languages of the area, among which\nare the Aru languages, Onin, Sekar and Uruangnirin . \n[^59]: There might be an intonational difference, but this was not\ntested for. \n[^60]: The West Bomberai language Mbaham has a word muur ‘branch’ and\na transport classifier mu- , and Iha has a classifier mur for\nboats, ‘motor’ and branches (Katherine Walker, p.c.). \n[^61]: While I elicited negative grammaticality judgments for mir-\nwith, for example, other modes of transport or other things made of\nwood, I have not had the chance to test pel- in combination with\nnouns other than ‘banana’. In other words, the status of pel- as a\nunique classifier is based on its lack of appearance in combination\nwith nouns other than ‘banana’ in the current corpus. \n[^62]: maybe tau ‘?’ + eir ‘two’, although ‘two sides’ is tawirir \n[^63]: These are pendapat ‘opinion’ (Malay loan), toman ‘bag’, hak\n‘right’ (Malay loan), kewe ‘house’, asal ‘origin’ (Malay loan)\nand guru ‘teacher’ (Malay loan). A reason that many of these are\nMalay loans might be that possessive constructions in Papuan Malay\nare made with a periphrastic construction (possessor + ‘have’ +\npossessum), which might trigger the use of a possessive pronoun\ninstead of a suffix in Kalamang. In any case, the number of\noccurrences of these words is so low in comparison to those of esa\n‘father’ and ema ‘mother’ that we will not consider them any\nfurther. \n[^64]: There is no restriction against a possessive suffix on a noun\nending in /a/, cf. nika-an ‘my fishing line’. \n[^65]: Compare also tamandi ‘how’, apparently formed with the question\nword root tama and the suffix -ndi. \n[^66]: Karas is spoken on a limestone island that rises out of the sea.\nBoth villages, Mas and Antalisa, are built on a strip of beach and\nthe adjacent slopes. \n[^67]: Note that the phonemes -n and -t (~ -d ~ -r) also occur\non demonstratives and question words, and pose a morphophonological\nproblem that is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>. \n[^68]: Other predicate enclitics, such as non-final =te and =ta or\nprogressive =teba, do not trigger the insertion of -t or -n. \n[^69]: The fact that the form with -n does not carry y- and vice\nversa may be related to them having different stress patterns:\nˈyecie vs eˈcien. All “uninflected” verbs with -n carry stress\non the last syllable, even if the verb without -n carries stress\non the first (e.g. ˈpotma vs potˈman ‘to cut’, ˈparuo vs\npaˈruon ‘to do’, ˈosie vs oˈsien) but yecie is the only one\nwith a difference in initial vowel. Syllable weight does not\nnormally play a role in stress assignment in Kalamang (as described\nin§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>). \n[^70]: Exceptions are gocie ‘to live’ and yecie ‘to return’, but\nbecause these have different semantics I have not listed them here.\nNote, however, that -cie in gocie may also be a morpheme, as\ngo means ‘place’. Those counterparts in -cie marked with an\nasterisk in the table were rejected in elicitation; the gaps remain\nto be tested. \n[^71]: A distinction between na in the meaning ‘to drink’ and in the\nmeaning ‘to eat’ was made to make the dataset comparable with other\nlanguages. Na ‘to eat’ was very unlikely to incorporate. For\ndetails, see . \n[^72]: This is why some reduplications are glossed as\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>’, instead of forcing a specific\nreading on them. \n[^73]: Four words in the lexicon might contain a fossilised prefix\nun-. These are unmasir ‘to give birth’ (cf, masir ‘to weed’),\nunkoryap ‘to divide’ (cf. koryap ‘to divide’, yap ‘to\ndivide’), unkawer ‘body fat’ (kawer not attested) and unsor\n‘orange-spotted trevally’ (cf. sor ‘fish’). \n[^74]: This construction was elicited with a picture of child washing\nits own hair, which was contrasted with a picture of a mother\nbathing a child. Showing the picture was accompanied by a request\nfor a translation of Malay anak mandi diri ‘the child bathes\nitself’ and saya mandi diri ‘I bathe myself’. \n[^75]: The translational equivalent of two applicatives and three\npromoted arguments is not entirely clear and therefore given with a\nquestion mark. \n[^76]: Other languages with a zero morpheme for ‘give’ are the Gum\nlanguages of Papua New Guinea, notably , and , a Muskogean language\n. \n[^77]: For comparative constructions, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:compcon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compcon\">[sec:compcon]</a>. \n[^78]: This is reminiscent of languages such as Candoshi (isolate,\nPeru), which describes colours with terms that translate as ‘like\nthe feathers of a Milvago bird’ . For Candoshi, it is claimed that\nthese terms only have secondary use as colour terms, and that the\nlanguage therefore does not really have colour terms. An overarching\nword ‘colour’ is also lacking. Although the latter is the case for\nKalamang as well, and Kalamang colour terms are clearly derived\nterms, the words mentioned here are used primarily as colour terms.\nPeople backtranslate baranggap as ‘yellow’, for example, and not\nas ‘like turmeric’. \n[^79]: The relation between aspect and universal quantification is\ndiscussed for Timor-Alor languages in . See also : “Completives\ndiffer from finish semantics in that the endpoint of the event is\nnot reached by some actor wilfully ending it, but because a totality\nof referents is affected”. In\n§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>, I argue that Kalamang\n=i koyet does both. \n[^80]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin (§<a href=\"#sec:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kin\">[sec:kin]</a>). The corpus instances of\ntoni followed by a verb that is not marked with =kin are\nambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’ reading. \n[^81]: This is a morphosyntactic definition for a morphosyntactic\nphenomenon. Often-used criteria such as intonation and event\nstructure (in e.g. ) are argued to be hard to falsify and to follow\nfrom a morphosyntactic definition (e.g. ). \n[^82]: Alternatively, it could be argued that bo is an independent\nform of bot. In that case, complex predicates with bo are not\nSVCs. \n[^83]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin. Toni can also mean ‘say; think’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvctoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvctoni\">14.2.3</a>), so many of the corpus\ninstances of toni followed by a verb that is not marked with\n=kin are ambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’\nreading. \n[^84]: In examples like this, I do not know whether the volitional\nmarker refers to the third person plural subject or to the subject\nof the matrix clause. \n[^85]: Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the\nuse of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only\noccurs on pronouns). \n[^86]: The iamitive can co-occur with the progressive, the iamitive can\nco-occur with the completive, the nondum can co-occur with the\nprogressive and the nondum can co-occur with the completive. The\niamitive and nondum cannot co-occur with each other. The progressive\nand completive cannot co-occur with each other either. \n[^87]: Similar to English ‘yet’. \n[^88]: There is not currently enough data to determine whether the\nposition in the clause has an effect on the scope of the modal\nmarkers. Also, the exact word class of these markers remains\nunclear. Most of them are verb-like (and three of them are borrowed\nfrom Malay verbs), but again, data is too scarce to make a coherent\nproposal, and hence they are just discussed as ‘modal markers’ here. \n[^89]: Suka is likely a nominalised verb or a noun, and hence examples\nwith suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> could be paraphrased as ‘is not\nof subject’s liking’. \n[^90]: Compare Papuan Malay jadi as a sentence-final particle that\nindicates the reason for the sentence, according to . \n[^91]: suggest that temporal-anaphoric adverbs are often diachronic\nsources of apprehensive markers. This also seems to be the case for\nKalamang mena ‘later; otherwise; in case’, which corresponds to\nlocal Malay nanti ‘later’, also used in precautionary\nconstructions . \n[^92]: for the similarities between conditionals and topics see . \n[^93]: As well as into copulas and definite markers . \n[^94]: mention demonstratives as sources for fillers to deal with\nword-formation trouble, but I have only observed me functioning as\na filler between clauses (see\nalso§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a> for placeholder neba). \n[^95]: An adapted version of this section, with focus on the structure\nof The money-defecating cow, will appear in . \n[^96]: There are more indications the latter is the case, e.g. speakers\nasking others for names of protagonists (narr20), giving their names\nat the end of the story (narr28) or supplying background information\n(switching to Malay) after the start of the story (narr18). The only\nstory that was recorded twice, once in Kalamang for the camera and\nan audience of one (besides the linguist) and once in Papuan Malay\nbefore a class of school children, has more background information\nin the second version. This may be due to practice, but it may also\nbe an adaptation to the audience. Alternatively, names and other\ndetails I consider to be ‘background information’ are not deemed\nimportant by the Kalamang storytellers whose narratives were\nanalysed here. \n[^97]: There are more rock formations that are thought to be boat or\nship wrecks, sometimes from as recently as the Second World War.\nSimilar explanations for geographical features in other societies in\neastern Indonesia are given in . Pannell writes that one of her\ninformants noted that “all places which have a name, have a person\nand a history associated with them”. This is the case for Kalamang\nas well, judging from some descriptive coastal place names on the\nbig Karas island, such as Grandmother’s Cape, Women’s Foothill,\nButon Fish House Cape. \n[^98]: I have the impression that this is more used towards outsiders\nwith passive knowledge of Kalamang (such as frequent visitors to the\nisland, or myself) than between Kalamang speakers themselves. There\nare no examples of it in the corpus. \n[^99]: There are three reasons yor is not analysed as meaning ‘yes’.\nFirst, an affirmative answer to a yes/no question is not typically\ngiven with yor but with a repetition of the subject and the verb.\nSecond, Kalamang speakers translate it into Papuan Malay as betul\n‘true’, not as (i)ya ‘yes’. Third, diachronically yor also seems\nto mean ‘true’ or ‘right’. It is used in words and expressions like\nkabor se yor-tayun ‘pregnant’ (lit. ‘stomach already yor-side’)\nand yorsik ‘straight’. \n[^100]: Such obscured or polite forms may also be made in other ways.\nAnother obscured/polite word for sugar or rice is muap iriskap,\nlit. ‘white food’, and another obscured/polite word for pitis\n‘money’ is lolok ‘leaf’. \n[^101]: Archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC6-C>. This text\nserves as an example. Five other glossed and translated texts are\npublished as . ELAN and XML files with glosses and translations are\navailable for all texts in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^102]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFE-F>. \n[^103]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^104]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BEC-7>." } ], "index": 31, "level": "low_resource", "question": "There was an earthquake, I felt it.", "split": "train" }
Go saun in garung deba.	In the evening we chat.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: In the evening we chat.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"In\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: moon\nKalamang translation: pak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"In\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"evening\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: ear opening\nKalamang translation: kelkampos\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"evening\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cold evening wind\nKalamang translation: pelelu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"we\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: west-wind season\nKalamang translation: kemanurpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"we\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: well\nKalamang translation: nabestai\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"chat\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chase\nKalamang translation: namasawuot; sarie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"chat\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chat\nKalamang translation: rer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"In\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: In all three baskets is fish.\nKalamang translation: Bakul karuogan sor neko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"In\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: In Gorom there are many clove trees, not so many nutmegs.\nKalamang translation: Walaka me cengki reidak, sayang me kurang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"evening\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: (We are) burning ironwood leftovers and the flames are rising.\nKalamang translation: Suar pespesat komarukta din se bo paras.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"evening\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: It's evening, Dalima is tired.\nKalamang translation: Go he saun, Dalima he kanggir pop.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"we\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Thirty we bought.\nKalamang translation: Putkon karuia pi jieret.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"we\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We sat chatting, Bobi's mother said something wrong, we laughed at her.\nKalamang translation: In melalu garungda, Bobi emun salai garungda, in mat komayeki.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"chat\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Those women just sit chatting\nKalamang translation: Emumur yume melalu garung deba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"chat\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We sat chatting, Bobi's mother said something wrong, we laughed at her.\nKalamang translation: In melalu garungda, Bobi emun salai garungda, in mat komayeki.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe single most common asymmetrical SVC is with bo ‘to go’, an\nindependent verb that can be modified with all mood, aspect and modality\nmarkers available in Kalamang. It is, however, also an irregular verb,\nwhich always takes the form bot when it is the only verb in the\nconstruction, but bo when it occurs in a SVC (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:stems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stems\">4.4.6.1</a> for an introduction to verb roots\nin -t, and §<a href=\"#sec:ntverbs\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ntverbs\">[sec:ntverbs]</a> for a discussion of these\nas a separate verb class).[^82] It is multifunctional, and always occurs\nas the first verb in the SVC. \nFirst, it occurs in purposive motion serialisation, where bo ‘to go’\nindicates the movement of the subject, and the second verb indicates the\npurpose. The second verb can be any dynamic verb, transitive or\nintransitive. Consider the following examples with an intransitive verb,\na transitive verb with incorporated object, and a transitive verb with\nobject, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni e an bo war=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He said: “Eh, I go fishing.”’ <span id=\"exe:bowark\"\nlabel=\"exe:bowark\"></span> tumun kon se bo kai-rep\nchild one <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go firewood-get\n‘One of the children went to collect firewood.’ <span id=\"exe:tumkon\"\nlabel=\"exe:tumkon\"></span> mu tok bo walor=at saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> first go\ncoconut_leaf=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> ascend\n‘They first went to harvest \\[lit. ascend\\] coconut leaves.’\n<span id=\"exe:walsar\" label=\"exe:walsar\"></span> \n</div> \nSecond, bo ‘to go’ occurs in SVCs with stative intransitive verbs in\nchange-of-state serialisation. Like in purposive motion serialisation,\nbo ‘to go’ needs to be the first verb in the construction.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:borei\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:borei\">[exe:borei]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:eiririr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiririr\">[exe:eiririr]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum bo reidak mindi\nperson go many like_that\n‘We became many people, like that.’ <span id=\"exe:borei\"\nlabel=\"exe:borei\"></span> bungkus eir∼eir-i kahetma gelas bo\nmikon\nsachet two∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr-objqnt</span> open glass go\nfull\n‘Open two sachets each, until the glass is full.’ <span id=\"exe:eiririr\"\nlabel=\"exe:eiririr\"></span> \n</div> \nA fixed expression that is a variant of change-of-state serialisation\nwith bo ‘to go’ and tik ‘to take a long time’ is bo tik ‘before\nlong’. Note that change-of-state can also be expressed with nominals\nreferring to times of the day in predicate function, e.g. bo go saun\n‘until the evening; after it had turned evening’ (with go saun\n‘evening’ ). \nThird, bo ‘to go’ occurs in constructions with locatives and latives\nto indicate motion towards a goal (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:svcloclat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:svcloclat\">[sec:svcloclat]</a>).\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThere is no previous ethnographic research conducted on Karas or the\nKalamang-speaking community. In this section, I share my own\nethnographic observations. All fieldwork was carried out in Mas, and\nthese ethnographic remarks are based on what I observed there,\nsupplemented by a cultural questionnaire I completed in 2019 with three\npeople from Mas.[^5] I have regularly visited Antalisa during all field\ntrips, and have no reason to believe that there are substantial\ndifferences between the villages. \nThe Kalamang-speaking community is largely comprised of fishermen and\nfarmers of nutmeg. They live in two villages, each with their own\nvillage head, following Indonesian social organisation. The kinship\nsystem is patrilineal. Close relationships, outside the nuclear family,\nare maintained with parents, aunts and uncles, and cousins. Resources\nare often pooled within the extended family for large undertakings like\nbuilding a house, or expensive events like tertiary education or\nmarriage. The woman is the head of the household, and the man is mainly\nresponsible for fishing. Nutmeg farming is an extended family business.\nThe inhabitants of Mas and Antalisa are Muslims, observing many Islamic\ncustoms, though mixing them with local ones. The majority live in\nconcrete houses roughly organized around a central square containing the\nvillage mosque. There is no known art. The skills for other material\nculture, such as woven products and canoes, are still practised but are\non the verge of being superseded by purchased modern materials. \nI have knowledge of rites connected to the following life events:\npregnancy, the first time a newborn leaves the house, the child’s first\nhaircut, circumcision, prenuptial negotiations, welcoming a new wife to\nthe island, marriage, the third day of marriage, entering other people’s\nhouses for the first time (for wives from outside the island), putting\nthe roof on a house, burial and memorials of a death. The following is a\nlist of recordings in the corpus where these rites are illustrated. The\ncode is a unique corpus tag. With help of this tag, the relevant\nrecordings and supplementary material like photographs can be found in\nthe corpus. An overview of all recordings can be found in the Appendix\non page. \n- prenuptial negotiations:\n[narr2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BCF-3) \n- welcoming a new wife (Tenggelele):\n[conv8](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D) \n- marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- third day of marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- putting the roof on a house:\n[narr3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD7-2) \n- burial: [conv7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC3-B) \n- death memorials:\n[narr1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD8-4) \nI have observed first-hand all the above-mentioned rituals with three\nexceptions: the rituals relating to entering someone’s house for the\nfirst time, pregnancy, and circumcision. Consultants have described\nthese as follows. \nWhen a wife from outside the island marries a man from Mas or Antalisa,\nshe cannot enter other people’s houses before the following ritual is\nperformed. The owners of the house must spread out a white cloth from\nthe entrance of their house, via which the woman enters. After that, she\nreceives another piece of cloth (typically an industrially-made\n“sarong”, a square piece or tube of cloth that can be worn wrapped\naround the waist). \nAt six months into a woman’s first pregnancy, one of her brothers ties a\nstring of pandanus leaf around her clothed belly and cuts it with a\nknife or scissors. This string is tied around a tree, e.g. a coconut\ntree, by the father-to-be, which is a sign that this tree now belongs to\nthe brother. The name of this ritual is koramtolma (koram has no\nindependent meaning; tolma means ‘to cut a string’). \nTwo other marked events are the bathing of the child at less than three\ndays after birth, and the bathing of the mother 40 days after giving\nbirth, after which the child may come out of the house (‘see the sun’)\nfor the first time. The first feeding of the child is also around this\ntime, and is accompanied by bestowing a name upon the child (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a> about names). The name is\nchosen by an older, respected community member. The child’s first\nhaircut is a festive gathering where a brother of the mother cuts off a\nbit of the child’s first hair. Attendees give money to the parents. The\nfirst haircut was traditionally observed in earlier times, but has only\nrecently become celebrated as a festive event. \nCircumcision is practised on both boys and girls when they are around\nnine years of age. The ritual is only attended and performed by people\nof the same sex as the child(ren) to be circumcised. Male circumcision\nis the cutting of the foreskin. It is unknown what female circumcision\non Karas consists of. The ritual is typically performed for more than\none child at the same time, and with inhabitants from both Kalamang- and\nUruangnirin-speaking villages combined. It is a big festive occasion\nthat is combined with dancing in the evening, comparable to marriages. \nDances are called nasula or tarian (Indonesian tarian; menari).\nConsultants report that people used to dance together in double pairs\n(two men and two women) lead by a foreman, but this practice has\ndisappeared. People dance on their own when performing traditional\ndances. The dances are accompanied by the beating of two types of drums\n(tiri, a flat drum with hide on top, hit with the hand, and tetetas,\na tall drum with hide on the side, hit with a stick), a gong and a\nflute. During my visits, no flute was available and a recording of the\nflute was played instead, while the drums were played live. Recordings\nof drumming and dancing are available in the corpus.[^6] Contemporary\ndancing (Indonesian joget) is mainly performed by adolescents to\ncontemporary Indonesian music and often takes the form of line-dancing\nor dancing in groups where everyone performs the same movements. \nAll rituals are accompanied by Islamic prayers, recited by the imam, who\nsits in front of a tray with a glass of cigarettes, betel leaves and\nincense. The prayers are joined by the men, and sometimes also the\nwomen. Another regular feature of rituals is a shared meal or tea. For\nboth prayers and the meal, it is common that the men sit in the guest\nreception room (the most important and biggest room of the house,\nlocated at the front, Indonesian ruang tamu) and the women and\nchildren are in the back of the house, close to the kitchen. This\npractice is not always strictly observed, and especially older women may\njoin the men in the front. A meal consists at least of coffee and tea\nserved with tea sweets (various cakes and fried tubers and banana), and\noften also includes warm food (rice and several fish and meat\naccompaniments). While people sit in a big rectangle on the floor along\nthe wall, the food is served in the middle of the room in a smaller\nsquare or rectangle, typically on a cloth or a banner on the floor. Food\nis served on evenly spaced plates, from which people serve to their own\nplates. Water is served in sealed plastic cups. Very sweet coffee and\ntea is served in glasses filled to the brim as a sign of respect (this\nalso applies to serving coffee and tea at home, whereas boiled water is\nthe norm to drink and serve at home).[^7] \nThe feeding of ancestors is practised when people want to build on a new\nsite, or get rid of pain or an illness they think they have contracted\nfrom a certain place (say a root that they stumbled over). I have not\nwitnessed this, but the ritual is described by consultants as follows.\nIn the house of the traditional authority (Indonesian tokoh adat), a\nplate is prepared with bits of betel nut, betel leaf, cooked fish,\ncoconut, tobacco, root vegetables or banana, rice, black cloth, cooking\noil and an egg. Sometimes prayers are read. The tokoh adat then takes\nthe plate to the place in question, or to a small rock in the sea in\nfront of Mas village (which is said to be related to the tokoh adat’s\nancestors), and confers with the ancestors (without speaking out loud).\nFor particularly important matters, a freshly washed white chicken may\nbe brought to the place in question, where its throat is cut and its\nblood is spread. The chicken is then buried in the middle of the area\nwhere the blood was spread. \nMany people file their teeth as adolescents or young adults. It is\nunknown why. Tattoos and piercings are not allowed, but reports tattoos\non the chest and scarifications of crosses on the arms and shoulders.\nOne consultant says body paint was used in former times during war and\nhongi raids. Men wear their hair short and women long. Most people go\nbareheaded, but cover their heads on formal and religious occasions.\nPeople wear contemporary Indonesian attire. On formal, festive and\nreligious occasions this means a sarong, shirt and black cap (Indonesian\nsongkok) for men, and a sarong, blouse (Indonesian kebaya) and\nheadcloth for women. While some of the older women wear headcloths that\nonly cover the hair, most younger women choose to wear a tight-fitting\nhijab. \nThe main religion in Mas and Antalisa is Islam. While daily prayers\nafter sunset are only attended by a handful of pious men in Mas, the\nmidday Friday prayers are attended by most men and boys. Women are\nhardly seen in the mosque. Most children take lessons in learning to\nread Arabic and recite prayers for several years. Gatherings for\nblessing prayers (Indonesian doa selamat) are very common, and are\nheld for blessing e.g. new boats, children who are about to take an\nexam, people who are about to set off on a long journey, etc. Although\nthere are many wild pigs on Karas, no one eats pork. On Thursdays in the\nlate afternoon, prayers for the dead are recited in several homes, after\nwhich a visit to the graves is paid. \nIslam probably arrived on the island around the time when it fell under\nthe sultanate of Tidore, which existed from 1450 to 1904. J.C. Keyts,\nwho visited the Karas Islands in 1678, describes the inhabitants as\nheathens . In 1872, when J.G. Coorengel visited, the inhabitants of at\nleast Faor are described as Muslims . There might have been an\nin-between stage when only leaders were converted . The oldest people in\nMas confirm that their grandparents were Muslims as well. The Islamic\nreligion, as in many places in Indonesia, is mixed with local customs .\nAn example of this are the small offerings that accompany prayer\nrecital, usually in the form of betel nuts, cigarettes, betel leaves and\nsometimes pastries. \nKalamang people residing on the island have two main sources of income:\nfishing and the production of nutmeg and mace (from Myristica\nargentea). While some people have small businesses selling their fish\nin Fakfak on an irregular basis, most people sell their fish to a\nBalinese trading company that has a storage place for live fish floating\nin the water close to Antalisa or Mas . Species sold are groupers\n(Plectropomus leopardus, areolatus, maculatus and oligacanthus,\nCromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and mixed groupers,\naccording to ) and lobsters (Panulirus versicolor). Different kinds of\ndried trepang (species unknown) are sold in Fakfak. Kalamang people may\nfish anywhere in Karas district waters, although people have their\npreferred spots for finding certain fish. People may set up temporary\ncamps on beaches close to lobster-diving places, to collect lobsters\nover several days before selling. A semi-permanent camp, where people\nmay reside for up to several months, is Timi Nepnep in the southern part\nof Sebakor Bay (on the New Guinea mainland). Outsiders who want to fish\nin Karas waters[^8] must ask permission from one of the village heads. \nNutmeg and mace are planted in family gardens behind the white sand\nbeaches on the big Karas island. These gardens are inherited by the\neldest son, who must divide the land among the siblings, though men\ninherit more than women. One may only harvest one’s own nutmeg. Nutmeg\nand mace are sold to traders in Fakfak, the regency capital. Between\ntheir nutmeg plantations and the white sand beaches, people plant\ncoconut trees. These are mainly harvested for personal use. People also\nuse their land to source firewood and collect wild edible things such as\nTahitian chestnuts (Inocarpus fagifer). Some people have a vegetable\ngarden which may or may not be on the same beach as their nutmeg\nplantation. This is for personal use or to sell produce on a small scale\nto people in the village. The crops planted in gardens are typically\nmaize, tomato, aubergine, beans, root vegetables, several banana species\nand various leafy greens. The gardens are usually kept by couples. \nBesides a health station (Indonesian puskesmas), a community building\nand a mosque, both Mas and Antalisa have a primary school with six\ngrades. In Mas, the head of the school is currently a civil servant\ndeployed from his native Sulawesi. A group of two to four teachers,\nmostly local people, teach in the three classrooms. For junior high,\nchildren move to Malakuli or Fakfak. Although the official statistics\nfor Fakfak regency report a 99% school participation level, I estimate\nthe level to be a little lower, at least in Mas, where several children\nwere out of school during my visits. Those people who complete higher\neducation move to work in the district capital Malakuli, in Fakfak, or\nelsewhere in Indonesia. The only Karas-born person with higher education\nliving in Mas is one of the school teachers. \nChildren’s work consists of small jobs like getting water from the well,\nsweeping the floor and, for girls, washing clothes. Line fishing from\nthe dock is a common activity for both boys and girls, as well as female\nadolescents. Adolescent boys join their fathers fishing and diving.\nWomen may also join their husbands to assist in fishing and diving, and\nmay also be seen fishing from the dock at night, fishing from small\npaddle canoes, or searching for shells at low tide. Night fishing at low\ntide seems to be a men’s activity. Other men’s tasks are constructing\nhouses, repairing machines, maintaining canoes and chopping firewood.\nWomen are responsible for cleaning, cooking, gardening and washing.\nHandicrafts such as weaving baskets and mats are also practised by\nwomen, but many of the women under 40 no longer have these skills, as\ncheap plastic replacements for these items are now available. In the\nnutmeg plantations much of the work is joint, although it is the men who\nclimb the trees to pluck the nutmeg (with the help of a bamboo stick\nwith a barb on it), while the women gather the fruits on the ground and\nsplit them open. \nAlthough some of the rituals described earlier seem to suggest that\nKalamang society has a custom of marrying women and not men from outside\nthe island, both variants of exogamy are currently practised. Kalamang\npeople have intermarried with people from Java, the Moluccas (especially\nGorom), Sulawesi (especially Bugis and Muna) and closer islands such as\nthe Kei islands and the other Karas Islands. This process has been going\non for at least several decades, with one of my oldest consultants\nhaving a Buginese father. The reason many partners come from the same\nareas in Indonesia is that these people may suggest new partners from\ntheir home town for Kalamang people looking for a suitable partner.\nEndogamy is also allowed and, judging from the different terms for\ncross-cousins (korapmur, who can be married), and parallel cousins\n(dudanmur, who count as siblings and cannot be married) this has also\nbeen tradition. Polygamy is permitted but is not currently practised.\nBridewealth must be paid by the groom’s side to the bride’s side. This\nmay range from several million rupiah to several dozen million rupiah,\ndepending on the wealth of the family and status of the people to be\nmarried. A village marriage usually does not involve more than 10\nmillion rupiah (approximately € 600), but the bridewealth for a city\nmarriage between high earners with high-status jobs (such as civil\nservant or business owner) may approach 100 million rupiah\n(approximately € 6000). It is mainly the bride’s family’s responsibility\nto organise and pay for the wedding, but the groom’s family may help\nwith this as well. \nPeople live in large concrete or (increasingly rare) wooden houses with\none or sometimes two nuclear families, often accompanied by\n(grand)parents and sometimes unmarried siblings of the parents. It is\nalso common to live together with an adopted child if one is childless\n(typically the child of a sibling of the caretaker) or if the child is\nan orphan. Nieces and nephews are considered children by their aunts and\nuncles. Aunts and uncles of the same sex as the parent (mother’s sisters\nand father’s brothers) are called ema and esa, respectively, the\nsame word as used for ‘mother’ and ‘father’. The Kalamang kinship system\nis similar to an Iroquois kinship system (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a> for details). Everyone\nhas a surname. There are five surnames considered indigenous in Mas:\nGusek, Yarkuran, Yorkuran, Yorre and Wambur. People feel connected to\npeople with the same surname. Surnames are inherited from the father.\nMore information about kinship terms and terms of address can be found\nin §<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: In the evening we chat.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Go saun in garung deba.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Go saun in garung deba.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Complex predicates", "Header 2": "Serial verb constructions", "Header 3": "Asymmetrical SVCs", "Header 4": "With bo ‘go’" }, "passage": "The single most common asymmetrical SVC is with bo ‘to go’, an\nindependent verb that can be modified with all mood, aspect and modality\nmarkers available in Kalamang. It is, however, also an irregular verb,\nwhich always takes the form bot when it is the only verb in the\nconstruction, but bo when it occurs in a SVC (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:stems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stems\">4.4.6.1</a> for an introduction to verb roots\nin -t, and §<a href=\"#sec:ntverbs\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ntverbs\">[sec:ntverbs]</a> for a discussion of these\nas a separate verb class).[^82] It is multifunctional, and always occurs\nas the first verb in the SVC. \nFirst, it occurs in purposive motion serialisation, where bo ‘to go’\nindicates the movement of the subject, and the second verb indicates the\npurpose. The second verb can be any dynamic verb, transitive or\nintransitive. Consider the following examples with an intransitive verb,\na transitive verb with incorporated object, and a transitive verb with\nobject, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni e an bo war=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He said: “Eh, I go fishing.”’ <span id=\"exe:bowark\"\nlabel=\"exe:bowark\"></span> tumun kon se bo kai-rep\nchild one <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go firewood-get\n‘One of the children went to collect firewood.’ <span id=\"exe:tumkon\"\nlabel=\"exe:tumkon\"></span> mu tok bo walor=at saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> first go\ncoconut_leaf=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> ascend\n‘They first went to harvest \\[lit. ascend\\] coconut leaves.’\n<span id=\"exe:walsar\" label=\"exe:walsar\"></span> \n</div> \nSecond, bo ‘to go’ occurs in SVCs with stative intransitive verbs in\nchange-of-state serialisation. Like in purposive motion serialisation,\nbo ‘to go’ needs to be the first verb in the construction.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:borei\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:borei\">[exe:borei]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:eiririr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiririr\">[exe:eiririr]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum bo reidak mindi\nperson go many like_that\n‘We became many people, like that.’ <span id=\"exe:borei\"\nlabel=\"exe:borei\"></span> bungkus eir∼eir-i kahetma gelas bo\nmikon\nsachet two∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr-objqnt</span> open glass go\nfull\n‘Open two sachets each, until the glass is full.’ <span id=\"exe:eiririr\"\nlabel=\"exe:eiririr\"></span> \n</div> \nA fixed expression that is a variant of change-of-state serialisation\nwith bo ‘to go’ and tik ‘to take a long time’ is bo tik ‘before\nlong’. Note that change-of-state can also be expressed with nominals\nreferring to times of the day in predicate function, e.g. bo go saun\n‘until the evening; after it had turned evening’ (with go saun\n‘evening’ ). \nThird, bo ‘to go’ occurs in constructions with locatives and latives\nto indicate motion towards a goal (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:svcloclat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:svcloclat\">[sec:svcloclat]</a>)." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "Ethnographic and socio-economic remarks", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "There is no previous ethnographic research conducted on Karas or the\nKalamang-speaking community. In this section, I share my own\nethnographic observations. All fieldwork was carried out in Mas, and\nthese ethnographic remarks are based on what I observed there,\nsupplemented by a cultural questionnaire I completed in 2019 with three\npeople from Mas.[^5] I have regularly visited Antalisa during all field\ntrips, and have no reason to believe that there are substantial\ndifferences between the villages. \nThe Kalamang-speaking community is largely comprised of fishermen and\nfarmers of nutmeg. They live in two villages, each with their own\nvillage head, following Indonesian social organisation. The kinship\nsystem is patrilineal. Close relationships, outside the nuclear family,\nare maintained with parents, aunts and uncles, and cousins. Resources\nare often pooled within the extended family for large undertakings like\nbuilding a house, or expensive events like tertiary education or\nmarriage. The woman is the head of the household, and the man is mainly\nresponsible for fishing. Nutmeg farming is an extended family business.\nThe inhabitants of Mas and Antalisa are Muslims, observing many Islamic\ncustoms, though mixing them with local ones. The majority live in\nconcrete houses roughly organized around a central square containing the\nvillage mosque. There is no known art. The skills for other material\nculture, such as woven products and canoes, are still practised but are\non the verge of being superseded by purchased modern materials. \nI have knowledge of rites connected to the following life events:\npregnancy, the first time a newborn leaves the house, the child’s first\nhaircut, circumcision, prenuptial negotiations, welcoming a new wife to\nthe island, marriage, the third day of marriage, entering other people’s\nhouses for the first time (for wives from outside the island), putting\nthe roof on a house, burial and memorials of a death. The following is a\nlist of recordings in the corpus where these rites are illustrated. The\ncode is a unique corpus tag. With help of this tag, the relevant\nrecordings and supplementary material like photographs can be found in\nthe corpus. An overview of all recordings can be found in the Appendix\non page. \n- prenuptial negotiations:\n[narr2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BCF-3) \n- welcoming a new wife (Tenggelele):\n[conv8](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D) \n- marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- third day of marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- putting the roof on a house:\n[narr3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD7-2) \n- burial: [conv7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC3-B) \n- death memorials:\n[narr1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD8-4) \nI have observed first-hand all the above-mentioned rituals with three\nexceptions: the rituals relating to entering someone’s house for the\nfirst time, pregnancy, and circumcision. Consultants have described\nthese as follows. \nWhen a wife from outside the island marries a man from Mas or Antalisa,\nshe cannot enter other people’s houses before the following ritual is\nperformed. The owners of the house must spread out a white cloth from\nthe entrance of their house, via which the woman enters. After that, she\nreceives another piece of cloth (typically an industrially-made\n“sarong”, a square piece or tube of cloth that can be worn wrapped\naround the waist). \nAt six months into a woman’s first pregnancy, one of her brothers ties a\nstring of pandanus leaf around her clothed belly and cuts it with a\nknife or scissors. This string is tied around a tree, e.g. a coconut\ntree, by the father-to-be, which is a sign that this tree now belongs to\nthe brother. The name of this ritual is koramtolma (koram has no\nindependent meaning; tolma means ‘to cut a string’). \nTwo other marked events are the bathing of the child at less than three\ndays after birth, and the bathing of the mother 40 days after giving\nbirth, after which the child may come out of the house (‘see the sun’)\nfor the first time. The first feeding of the child is also around this\ntime, and is accompanied by bestowing a name upon the child (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a> about names). The name is\nchosen by an older, respected community member. The child’s first\nhaircut is a festive gathering where a brother of the mother cuts off a\nbit of the child’s first hair. Attendees give money to the parents. The\nfirst haircut was traditionally observed in earlier times, but has only\nrecently become celebrated as a festive event. \nCircumcision is practised on both boys and girls when they are around\nnine years of age. The ritual is only attended and performed by people\nof the same sex as the child(ren) to be circumcised. Male circumcision\nis the cutting of the foreskin. It is unknown what female circumcision\non Karas consists of. The ritual is typically performed for more than\none child at the same time, and with inhabitants from both Kalamang- and\nUruangnirin-speaking villages combined. It is a big festive occasion\nthat is combined with dancing in the evening, comparable to marriages. \nDances are called nasula or tarian (Indonesian tarian; menari).\nConsultants report that people used to dance together in double pairs\n(two men and two women) lead by a foreman, but this practice has\ndisappeared. People dance on their own when performing traditional\ndances. The dances are accompanied by the beating of two types of drums\n(tiri, a flat drum with hide on top, hit with the hand, and tetetas,\na tall drum with hide on the side, hit with a stick), a gong and a\nflute. During my visits, no flute was available and a recording of the\nflute was played instead, while the drums were played live. Recordings\nof drumming and dancing are available in the corpus.[^6] Contemporary\ndancing (Indonesian joget) is mainly performed by adolescents to\ncontemporary Indonesian music and often takes the form of line-dancing\nor dancing in groups where everyone performs the same movements. \nAll rituals are accompanied by Islamic prayers, recited by the imam, who\nsits in front of a tray with a glass of cigarettes, betel leaves and\nincense. The prayers are joined by the men, and sometimes also the\nwomen. Another regular feature of rituals is a shared meal or tea. For\nboth prayers and the meal, it is common that the men sit in the guest\nreception room (the most important and biggest room of the house,\nlocated at the front, Indonesian ruang tamu) and the women and\nchildren are in the back of the house, close to the kitchen. This\npractice is not always strictly observed, and especially older women may\njoin the men in the front. A meal consists at least of coffee and tea\nserved with tea sweets (various cakes and fried tubers and banana), and\noften also includes warm food (rice and several fish and meat\naccompaniments). While people sit in a big rectangle on the floor along\nthe wall, the food is served in the middle of the room in a smaller\nsquare or rectangle, typically on a cloth or a banner on the floor. Food\nis served on evenly spaced plates, from which people serve to their own\nplates. Water is served in sealed plastic cups. Very sweet coffee and\ntea is served in glasses filled to the brim as a sign of respect (this\nalso applies to serving coffee and tea at home, whereas boiled water is\nthe norm to drink and serve at home).[^7] \nThe feeding of ancestors is practised when people want to build on a new\nsite, or get rid of pain or an illness they think they have contracted\nfrom a certain place (say a root that they stumbled over). I have not\nwitnessed this, but the ritual is described by consultants as follows.\nIn the house of the traditional authority (Indonesian tokoh adat), a\nplate is prepared with bits of betel nut, betel leaf, cooked fish,\ncoconut, tobacco, root vegetables or banana, rice, black cloth, cooking\noil and an egg. Sometimes prayers are read. The tokoh adat then takes\nthe plate to the place in question, or to a small rock in the sea in\nfront of Mas village (which is said to be related to the tokoh adat’s\nancestors), and confers with the ancestors (without speaking out loud).\nFor particularly important matters, a freshly washed white chicken may\nbe brought to the place in question, where its throat is cut and its\nblood is spread. The chicken is then buried in the middle of the area\nwhere the blood was spread. \nMany people file their teeth as adolescents or young adults. It is\nunknown why. Tattoos and piercings are not allowed, but reports tattoos\non the chest and scarifications of crosses on the arms and shoulders.\nOne consultant says body paint was used in former times during war and\nhongi raids. Men wear their hair short and women long. Most people go\nbareheaded, but cover their heads on formal and religious occasions.\nPeople wear contemporary Indonesian attire. On formal, festive and\nreligious occasions this means a sarong, shirt and black cap (Indonesian\nsongkok) for men, and a sarong, blouse (Indonesian kebaya) and\nheadcloth for women. While some of the older women wear headcloths that\nonly cover the hair, most younger women choose to wear a tight-fitting\nhijab. \nThe main religion in Mas and Antalisa is Islam. While daily prayers\nafter sunset are only attended by a handful of pious men in Mas, the\nmidday Friday prayers are attended by most men and boys. Women are\nhardly seen in the mosque. Most children take lessons in learning to\nread Arabic and recite prayers for several years. Gatherings for\nblessing prayers (Indonesian doa selamat) are very common, and are\nheld for blessing e.g. new boats, children who are about to take an\nexam, people who are about to set off on a long journey, etc. Although\nthere are many wild pigs on Karas, no one eats pork. On Thursdays in the\nlate afternoon, prayers for the dead are recited in several homes, after\nwhich a visit to the graves is paid. \nIslam probably arrived on the island around the time when it fell under\nthe sultanate of Tidore, which existed from 1450 to 1904. J.C. Keyts,\nwho visited the Karas Islands in 1678, describes the inhabitants as\nheathens . In 1872, when J.G. Coorengel visited, the inhabitants of at\nleast Faor are described as Muslims . There might have been an\nin-between stage when only leaders were converted . The oldest people in\nMas confirm that their grandparents were Muslims as well. The Islamic\nreligion, as in many places in Indonesia, is mixed with local customs .\nAn example of this are the small offerings that accompany prayer\nrecital, usually in the form of betel nuts, cigarettes, betel leaves and\nsometimes pastries. \nKalamang people residing on the island have two main sources of income:\nfishing and the production of nutmeg and mace (from Myristica\nargentea). While some people have small businesses selling their fish\nin Fakfak on an irregular basis, most people sell their fish to a\nBalinese trading company that has a storage place for live fish floating\nin the water close to Antalisa or Mas . Species sold are groupers\n(Plectropomus leopardus, areolatus, maculatus and oligacanthus,\nCromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and mixed groupers,\naccording to ) and lobsters (Panulirus versicolor). Different kinds of\ndried trepang (species unknown) are sold in Fakfak. Kalamang people may\nfish anywhere in Karas district waters, although people have their\npreferred spots for finding certain fish. People may set up temporary\ncamps on beaches close to lobster-diving places, to collect lobsters\nover several days before selling. A semi-permanent camp, where people\nmay reside for up to several months, is Timi Nepnep in the southern part\nof Sebakor Bay (on the New Guinea mainland). Outsiders who want to fish\nin Karas waters[^8] must ask permission from one of the village heads. \nNutmeg and mace are planted in family gardens behind the white sand\nbeaches on the big Karas island. These gardens are inherited by the\neldest son, who must divide the land among the siblings, though men\ninherit more than women. One may only harvest one’s own nutmeg. Nutmeg\nand mace are sold to traders in Fakfak, the regency capital. Between\ntheir nutmeg plantations and the white sand beaches, people plant\ncoconut trees. These are mainly harvested for personal use. People also\nuse their land to source firewood and collect wild edible things such as\nTahitian chestnuts (Inocarpus fagifer). Some people have a vegetable\ngarden which may or may not be on the same beach as their nutmeg\nplantation. This is for personal use or to sell produce on a small scale\nto people in the village. The crops planted in gardens are typically\nmaize, tomato, aubergine, beans, root vegetables, several banana species\nand various leafy greens. The gardens are usually kept by couples. \nBesides a health station (Indonesian puskesmas), a community building\nand a mosque, both Mas and Antalisa have a primary school with six\ngrades. In Mas, the head of the school is currently a civil servant\ndeployed from his native Sulawesi. A group of two to four teachers,\nmostly local people, teach in the three classrooms. For junior high,\nchildren move to Malakuli or Fakfak. Although the official statistics\nfor Fakfak regency report a 99% school participation level, I estimate\nthe level to be a little lower, at least in Mas, where several children\nwere out of school during my visits. Those people who complete higher\neducation move to work in the district capital Malakuli, in Fakfak, or\nelsewhere in Indonesia. The only Karas-born person with higher education\nliving in Mas is one of the school teachers. \nChildren’s work consists of small jobs like getting water from the well,\nsweeping the floor and, for girls, washing clothes. Line fishing from\nthe dock is a common activity for both boys and girls, as well as female\nadolescents. Adolescent boys join their fathers fishing and diving.\nWomen may also join their husbands to assist in fishing and diving, and\nmay also be seen fishing from the dock at night, fishing from small\npaddle canoes, or searching for shells at low tide. Night fishing at low\ntide seems to be a men’s activity. Other men’s tasks are constructing\nhouses, repairing machines, maintaining canoes and chopping firewood.\nWomen are responsible for cleaning, cooking, gardening and washing.\nHandicrafts such as weaving baskets and mats are also practised by\nwomen, but many of the women under 40 no longer have these skills, as\ncheap plastic replacements for these items are now available. In the\nnutmeg plantations much of the work is joint, although it is the men who\nclimb the trees to pluck the nutmeg (with the help of a bamboo stick\nwith a barb on it), while the women gather the fruits on the ground and\nsplit them open. \nAlthough some of the rituals described earlier seem to suggest that\nKalamang society has a custom of marrying women and not men from outside\nthe island, both variants of exogamy are currently practised. Kalamang\npeople have intermarried with people from Java, the Moluccas (especially\nGorom), Sulawesi (especially Bugis and Muna) and closer islands such as\nthe Kei islands and the other Karas Islands. This process has been going\non for at least several decades, with one of my oldest consultants\nhaving a Buginese father. The reason many partners come from the same\nareas in Indonesia is that these people may suggest new partners from\ntheir home town for Kalamang people looking for a suitable partner.\nEndogamy is also allowed and, judging from the different terms for\ncross-cousins (korapmur, who can be married), and parallel cousins\n(dudanmur, who count as siblings and cannot be married) this has also\nbeen tradition. Polygamy is permitted but is not currently practised.\nBridewealth must be paid by the groom’s side to the bride’s side. This\nmay range from several million rupiah to several dozen million rupiah,\ndepending on the wealth of the family and status of the people to be\nmarried. A village marriage usually does not involve more than 10\nmillion rupiah (approximately € 600), but the bridewealth for a city\nmarriage between high earners with high-status jobs (such as civil\nservant or business owner) may approach 100 million rupiah\n(approximately € 6000). It is mainly the bride’s family’s responsibility\nto organise and pay for the wedding, but the groom’s family may help\nwith this as well. \nPeople live in large concrete or (increasingly rare) wooden houses with\none or sometimes two nuclear families, often accompanied by\n(grand)parents and sometimes unmarried siblings of the parents. It is\nalso common to live together with an adopted child if one is childless\n(typically the child of a sibling of the caretaker) or if the child is\nan orphan. Nieces and nephews are considered children by their aunts and\nuncles. Aunts and uncles of the same sex as the parent (mother’s sisters\nand father’s brothers) are called ema and esa, respectively, the\nsame word as used for ‘mother’ and ‘father’. The Kalamang kinship system\nis similar to an Iroquois kinship system (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a> for details). Everyone\nhas a surname. There are five surnames considered indigenous in Mas:\nGusek, Yarkuran, Yorkuran, Yorre and Wambur. People feel connected to\npeople with the same surname. Surnames are inherited from the father.\nMore information about kinship terms and terms of address can be found\nin §<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>." } ], "index": 32, "level": "low_resource", "question": "In the evening we chat.", "split": "train" }
An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.	I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"bathed\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: gather\nKalamang translation: merengguen\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"bathed\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: bathe\nKalamang translation: boubou; waruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"in\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tuck in\nKalamang translation: nasuat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"in\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: parent in law\nKalamang translation: ketan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sea\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sea fern\nKalamang translation: sere kokokteng\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sea\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sea current\nKalamang translation: paisor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"then\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: then\nKalamang translation: baru; eba; koi; mera; siktak; terus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"then\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"scrubbed\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: rubber tree\nKalamang translation: ror garta\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"scrubbed\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: scrubfowl\nKalamang translation: geries emun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"my\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Saturday\nKalamang translation: sabtu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"my\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: slimy\nKalamang translation: kanggarom\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"skin\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: skin\nKalamang translation: kulun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"skin\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: skin dirt\nKalamang translation: lamut\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"bathed\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We went to get Mustafa's father to read the Thursday prayers.\nKalamang translation: In Mustafa esun rewet malamat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"bathed\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's father hit and wounded his toenail.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun kor tanggalip dukta patin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"in\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Of rabbitfish, there are many in the soft coral.\nKalamang translation: Malkesi me ram nerunggo reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"in\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Place that rack in the light.\nKalamang translation: Rak yume di goraruo maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sea\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sea\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's mother and they are processing sea cucumbers at Kanastangan.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun mu Kanstanganggoa kibi paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sunday Unyil's father and family will return.\nKalamang translation: Hari ahat Unyil esun mu he yecie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"then\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I slept until morning, then I got up.\nKalamang translation: An minda go dungda an parar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"then\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I hit a sharp thing, then I screamed: ouch!\nKalamang translation: An don kang komain, eba an arekmang: adihǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"scrubbed\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I hit a sharp thing, then I screamed: ouch!\nKalamang translation: An don kang komain, eba an arekmang: adihǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"scrubbed\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We scrape the papaya stem.\nKalamang translation: In polkayak arunat kowaren.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"my\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm eating maize, my jaw is tired.\nKalamang translation: An ketelesat nara kanggusan nauware.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"my\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I sleep with my face up (i.e. on my back).\nKalamang translation: An keitpisia min.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"skin\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That dog is all skin and bones.\nKalamang translation: Bal yumene kirkangkangunsaet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"skin\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I saw Hidayat's father and family skin a deer.\nKalamang translation: An kona Hidayat esun mu rusat kawaruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:tempadv\" label=\"sec:tempadv\"></span> Temporal adverbials\nset the temporal scene for a clause and modify the entire clause.\nTemporal adverbials come in the clause-initial (i.e. pre-subject) slot.\nExamples of temporal adverbials are listed\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tempadv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tempadv\">[exe:tempadv]</a>) below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄ keitar day before yesterday\nwis yesterday; past\nopa yuwa earlier today\nopa earlier; just now\nkasur tomorrow\nkeirko day after tomorrow \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:tempadv\" label=\"exe:tempadv\"></span> \n</div> \nAn example with wis ‘yesterday’ is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wis1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wis1\">[exe:wis1]</a>), and opa yuwa ‘(earlier)\ntoday’ and kasur ‘tomorrow’ are shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kasur\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kasur\">[exe:kasur]</a>). \nwis sekitar jam satu in wa kaluar\nyesterday around hour one <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> exit\n‘Yesterday around one o’clock we left from here.’ <span id=\"exe:wis1\"\nlabel=\"exe:wis1\"></span> \nma toni opa_yuwa an dodon waruo=teba kasur mu kolak=ka bot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say today\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> clothes\nwash=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nmountain=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘She said: “Today I was washing clothes.” Tomorrow they want to go to\nthe mountains.’ <span id=\"exe:kasur\" label=\"exe:kasur\"></span> \nThe Kalamang day is divided into four: from the time around sunrise\nuntil it starts getting hot (approximately 5 a.m. to 10 a.m.), around\nthe hottest hours of the day (approximately 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.), the late\nafternoon until sunset (approximately 4 p.m. to 6 p.m.), and the dark\nhours (approximately 6 p.m. to 5 a.m.). Adverbial phrases referring to\nthe times of the day are formed with go ‘place; (weather) condition’.\nGo and the time of day can be separated by aspectual markers se\n‘already’ and tok ‘still; yet; first’, e.g. go se saun ‘it’s already\nevening’. The times of the day are listed below with their translations\nand their corresponding nouns, if available. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄̄̄ go dung in the morning\ngo yuol during the day yuol day; light\ngo ginggir in the (late) afternoon ginggir (late) afternoon\ngo saun in the night/evening saun night; dark \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:partday\" label=\"exe:partday\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen used adverbially, the times of day always occur at the beginning of\nthe clause, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:godung\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:godung\">[exe:godung]</a>). They can be accompanied\nby bo ‘go’ to create the meaning ‘when it had turned \\[part of day\\]’,\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:bogosaun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bogosaun\">[exe:bogosaun]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo_dung inier se koi bot\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> again go\n‘In the morning we left again.’ <span id=\"exe:godung\"\nlabel=\"exe:godung\"></span> bo go.saun mu se muap=at maraouk\ngo evening <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> put_out\n‘When it turned evening they put out the food.’ <span id=\"exe:bogosaun\"\nlabel=\"exe:bogosaun\"></span> \n</div> \nTo make the construction ‘last/earlier this + part of day’ opa\n‘earlier’ is used. Opa cannot be combined with (go) dung ‘(in the)\nmorning’, but can be combined with another temporal adverbial, naupar\n‘morning’. The only time of day that retains go in combination with\nopa is go yuol, perhaps because yuol can also mean ‘light’. See\nthe overview in(<a href=\"#exe:partdayopa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:partdayopa\">[exe:partdayopa]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:opasaun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:opasaun\">[exe:opasaun]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄̄̄ opa naupar earlier this morning \\*opa go dung\nopa go yuol earlier today \\*opa yuol\nopa ginggir earlier this (late) afternoon\nopa saun last night; earlier tonight; this evening \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:partdayopa\" label=\"exe:partdayopa\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nopa saun jam tiga an se toni min=kin\nlast night o’clock three <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> want\nsleep=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Last night at three o’clock I wanted to go sleep.’\n<span id=\"exe:opasaun\" label=\"exe:opasaun\"></span> \n</div> \nThe days of the week are all derived from the Malay terms, which in turn\nare loans from Arabic. They are usually preceded by the Malay loan\nhari ‘day’. The days are listed\nin(<a href=\"#exe:weekdays\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:weekdays\">[exe:weekdays]</a>). The pronunciation\nroba for ‘Wednesday’ seems to be rather marginal; most people use\nMalay rabu. An example with ariemun ‘Friday’ is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ariemun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ariemun\">[exe:ariemun]</a>). Ariemun seems to be a\ncontraction of hari ‘day’ and emun ‘mother; big’ (since Friday is\nthe most important day in Islam) rather than a loan from\nMalay/Indonesian jumat, ultimately Arabic aljumʕa. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄̄ weekday term loan from\nsenen ‘Monday’ \\< Malay senin\nselasa ‘Tuesday’ \\< Malay selasa\nroba ‘Wednesday \\< Malay rabu\nkamis ‘Thursday’ \\< Malay kamis\nariemun ‘Friday’\nsaptu ‘Saturday’ \\< Malay sabtu\nahat ‘Sunday’ \\< Malay ahad \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:weekdays\" label=\"exe:weekdays\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan toni ariemun eba in tok bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say Friday then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> first\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I said we wait until Friday and then we go.’ <span id=\"exe:ariemun\"\nlabel=\"exe:ariemun\"></span> \n</div> \nThe moon phases are designated pak talawak ‘new moon’ and pak tubak\n‘full moon’. Four months from the Arabic calendar with Kalamang names\nare currently in use in a twelve-month system. They are listed\nin(<a href=\"#exe:months\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:months\">[exe:months]</a>), with the corresponding\nMalay names and the number of the month in the Arabic calendar. Three of\nthe four month names are derived from nouns that are currently in use in\nKalamang. The reason the month known as ‘safar’ in Arabic is derived\nfrom Kalamang roba ‘Wednesday’ is that people in Malaysia and parts of\nIndonesia, including the Karas Islands, celebrate the last bath of the\nprophet Muhammad by bathing in the sea and having a picnic on the beach\non the last Wednesday of that month. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nrobaherpak, from roba ‘Wednesday’, Malay bulan shafar, 2nd month\ndilurpak, from dilur ‘?’, Malay bulan maulud; rabiul akhir, 6th\nmonth tolaspak, from tolas ‘break the fast’, Malay bulan puasa;\nbulan ramadhan, 9th month hajiwak, from haji ‘hajj’, Malay bulan\nhaji; dzulhijjah, 12th month \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:months\" label=\"exe:months\"></span> \n</div> \nThe Karas Islands have two main meteorological seasons: kemanurpak,\nlit. ‘west month’, the wet season with winds from the west, and\ntagurpak, lit. ‘east month’, the dry season with winds from the east.\nThese are not encountered in the corpus, and it remains unclear which\nposition in the clause they take. \nTo make the construction ‘... ago’, the period of time is put in\nclause-initial position with a high boundary tone. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nminggu kon in ar=teba\nH L\nweek one <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘One week ago we were fishing.’ \n</div> \nAll ‘... ago’ constructions were elicited. In practice, people prefer to\nuse wis to indicate that the event took place in the past. Like\nkemarin in Malay, wis can be yesterday, but also any other time\nbefore today. To indicate a really long time ago (usually when talking\nabout another generation, or when telling fictional stories), one can\nuse wiseme ‘a long time ago’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:wiseme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wiseme\">[exe:wiseme]</a>) is the beginning of a\nstory about the Second World War. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwiseme Jepang=bon Amerika=bon nau=sair=ten\nlong_time_ago Japan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nAmerica=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=shoot=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n‘A long time ago, Japan and America were at war.’ <span id=\"exe:wiseme\"\nlabel=\"exe:wiseme\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nDistal demonstrative me occurs adnominally, pronominally and\nidentificationally, prototypically to indicate referents that are\nrelatively far from the speaker. There are no adnominal examples in the\nnaturalistic corpus that are clearly spatial, so an elicited example is\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:demadme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demadme\">[exe:demadme]</a>). It was elicited for a\nsituation where the speaker points at one of the addressee’s teeth\n(scene 2 from ). \n<span id=\"exe:demadme\" label=\"exe:demadme\"></span> gier-ca me me\nten\ntooth-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbad\n‘That tooth of yours is bad.’ \nIn object position, the distal demonstrative has the form met, as is\nillustrated for pronominal use\nin(<a href=\"#exe:demprome\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demprome\">[exe:demprome]</a>). The distal\ndemonstrative refers to betel nuts, which the referent of ma ‘she’\nwent to look for in another house. \n<span id=\"exe:demprome\" label=\"exe:demprome\"></span> ma met=a\nsanggara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj=foc</span> search\n‘She searches for that.’ \nIdentificational examples are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:demidme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demidme\">[exe:demidme]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:demidmeme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demidmeme\">[exe:demidmeme]</a>). Like for proximal\nforms, the distal demonstrative follows a focused noun and precedes a\ntopic marker. \n<span id=\"exe:demidme\" label=\"exe:demidme\"></span> naharen-un=a me\nleftover-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘That is the leftover.’ \n<span id=\"exe:demidmeme\" label=\"exe:demidmeme\"></span> et me me\ncanoe <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘That is the canoe.’ \nDistal metko ‘there’ is used for indicating the location of referents\naway from the speaker.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:maulma\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:maulma\">[exe:maulma]</a>), the distal location is\nfirst specified (the sea) and then referred to with metko.\n(<a href=\"#exe:kasawari\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kasawari\">[exe:kasawari]</a>) is from a story about\na dog and a cassowary which chased each other into the sea and became\nrock formations. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nse kewe=ka kuru di=maruat=kin=ta to me karena ... mu maulma ran\nmetko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> bring\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nright <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> because\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> bend move\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n‘They wanted to bring \\[the corpse\\] from the house to the sea, right,\nbecause \\[...\\] they go there and bend \\[it straight\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:maulma\" label=\"exe:maulma\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nbal=nan ma dalang=i pasier=ko yie marua\ndog=too <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\njump=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> swim move_seawards\n‘The dog also jumped in the sea and swam away from the shore.’ kasawari\nse metko telin\ncassowary <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span> stay\n‘The cassowary stayed there.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:kasawari\" label=\"exe:kasawari\"></span> \n</div> \nMetko, like other NPs carrying a locative postposition, can be used\npredicatively, essentially meaning ‘to be there’. Mengga, like other\nNPs carrying the lative postposition, must always be used in combination\nwith other verbs. An example is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mengga1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mengga1\">[exe:mengga1]</a>). Complex source, goal\nand location constructions are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcgoal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcgoal\">[sec:mvcgoal]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nterus mengga koi Ibrahim tanbes=ko mengga koi Arepnengga bara\nfurther <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> then Ibrahim\nright=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> from_there then\nArepner.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> descend\n‘Further from there there’s Ibrahim on the right, from there down to\nArepner.’ <span id=\"exe:mengga1\" label=\"exe:mengga1\"></span> \n</div> \nIme is occasionally used as short for (i)metko. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkanas ep-kon=a marua ime\nkind_of_fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_group</span>-one=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘A school of kanas swims towards sea (there?).’ <span id=\"exe:ime\"\nlabel=\"exe:ime\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Adverbial modifiers", "Header 3": "Temporal adverbials", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:tempadv\" label=\"sec:tempadv\"></span> Temporal adverbials\nset the temporal scene for a clause and modify the entire clause.\nTemporal adverbials come in the clause-initial (i.e. pre-subject) slot.\nExamples of temporal adverbials are listed\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tempadv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tempadv\">[exe:tempadv]</a>) below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄ keitar day before yesterday\nwis yesterday; past\nopa yuwa earlier today\nopa earlier; just now\nkasur tomorrow\nkeirko day after tomorrow \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:tempadv\" label=\"exe:tempadv\"></span> \n</div> \nAn example with wis ‘yesterday’ is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wis1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wis1\">[exe:wis1]</a>), and opa yuwa ‘(earlier)\ntoday’ and kasur ‘tomorrow’ are shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kasur\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kasur\">[exe:kasur]</a>). \nwis sekitar jam satu in wa kaluar\nyesterday around hour one <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> exit\n‘Yesterday around one o’clock we left from here.’ <span id=\"exe:wis1\"\nlabel=\"exe:wis1\"></span> \nma toni opa_yuwa an dodon waruo=teba kasur mu kolak=ka bot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say today\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> clothes\nwash=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nmountain=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘She said: “Today I was washing clothes.” Tomorrow they want to go to\nthe mountains.’ <span id=\"exe:kasur\" label=\"exe:kasur\"></span> \nThe Kalamang day is divided into four: from the time around sunrise\nuntil it starts getting hot (approximately 5 a.m. to 10 a.m.), around\nthe hottest hours of the day (approximately 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.), the late\nafternoon until sunset (approximately 4 p.m. to 6 p.m.), and the dark\nhours (approximately 6 p.m. to 5 a.m.). Adverbial phrases referring to\nthe times of the day are formed with go ‘place; (weather) condition’.\nGo and the time of day can be separated by aspectual markers se\n‘already’ and tok ‘still; yet; first’, e.g. go se saun ‘it’s already\nevening’. The times of the day are listed below with their translations\nand their corresponding nouns, if available. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄̄̄ go dung in the morning\ngo yuol during the day yuol day; light\ngo ginggir in the (late) afternoon ginggir (late) afternoon\ngo saun in the night/evening saun night; dark \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:partday\" label=\"exe:partday\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen used adverbially, the times of day always occur at the beginning of\nthe clause, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:godung\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:godung\">[exe:godung]</a>). They can be accompanied\nby bo ‘go’ to create the meaning ‘when it had turned \\[part of day\\]’,\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:bogosaun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bogosaun\">[exe:bogosaun]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo_dung inier se koi bot\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> again go\n‘In the morning we left again.’ <span id=\"exe:godung\"\nlabel=\"exe:godung\"></span> bo go.saun mu se muap=at maraouk\ngo evening <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> put_out\n‘When it turned evening they put out the food.’ <span id=\"exe:bogosaun\"\nlabel=\"exe:bogosaun\"></span> \n</div> \nTo make the construction ‘last/earlier this + part of day’ opa\n‘earlier’ is used. Opa cannot be combined with (go) dung ‘(in the)\nmorning’, but can be combined with another temporal adverbial, naupar\n‘morning’. The only time of day that retains go in combination with\nopa is go yuol, perhaps because yuol can also mean ‘light’. See\nthe overview in(<a href=\"#exe:partdayopa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:partdayopa\">[exe:partdayopa]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:opasaun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:opasaun\">[exe:opasaun]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄̄̄ opa naupar earlier this morning \\*opa go dung\nopa go yuol earlier today \\*opa yuol\nopa ginggir earlier this (late) afternoon\nopa saun last night; earlier tonight; this evening \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:partdayopa\" label=\"exe:partdayopa\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nopa saun jam tiga an se toni min=kin\nlast night o’clock three <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> want\nsleep=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Last night at three o’clock I wanted to go sleep.’\n<span id=\"exe:opasaun\" label=\"exe:opasaun\"></span> \n</div> \nThe days of the week are all derived from the Malay terms, which in turn\nare loans from Arabic. They are usually preceded by the Malay loan\nhari ‘day’. The days are listed\nin(<a href=\"#exe:weekdays\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:weekdays\">[exe:weekdays]</a>). The pronunciation\nroba for ‘Wednesday’ seems to be rather marginal; most people use\nMalay rabu. An example with ariemun ‘Friday’ is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ariemun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ariemun\">[exe:ariemun]</a>). Ariemun seems to be a\ncontraction of hari ‘day’ and emun ‘mother; big’ (since Friday is\nthe most important day in Islam) rather than a loan from\nMalay/Indonesian jumat, ultimately Arabic aljumʕa. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄̄ weekday term loan from\nsenen ‘Monday’ \\< Malay senin\nselasa ‘Tuesday’ \\< Malay selasa\nroba ‘Wednesday \\< Malay rabu\nkamis ‘Thursday’ \\< Malay kamis\nariemun ‘Friday’\nsaptu ‘Saturday’ \\< Malay sabtu\nahat ‘Sunday’ \\< Malay ahad \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:weekdays\" label=\"exe:weekdays\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan toni ariemun eba in tok bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say Friday then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> first\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I said we wait until Friday and then we go.’ <span id=\"exe:ariemun\"\nlabel=\"exe:ariemun\"></span> \n</div> \nThe moon phases are designated pak talawak ‘new moon’ and pak tubak\n‘full moon’. Four months from the Arabic calendar with Kalamang names\nare currently in use in a twelve-month system. They are listed\nin(<a href=\"#exe:months\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:months\">[exe:months]</a>), with the corresponding\nMalay names and the number of the month in the Arabic calendar. Three of\nthe four month names are derived from nouns that are currently in use in\nKalamang. The reason the month known as ‘safar’ in Arabic is derived\nfrom Kalamang roba ‘Wednesday’ is that people in Malaysia and parts of\nIndonesia, including the Karas Islands, celebrate the last bath of the\nprophet Muhammad by bathing in the sea and having a picnic on the beach\non the last Wednesday of that month. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nrobaherpak, from roba ‘Wednesday’, Malay bulan shafar, 2nd month\ndilurpak, from dilur ‘?’, Malay bulan maulud; rabiul akhir, 6th\nmonth tolaspak, from tolas ‘break the fast’, Malay bulan puasa;\nbulan ramadhan, 9th month hajiwak, from haji ‘hajj’, Malay bulan\nhaji; dzulhijjah, 12th month \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:months\" label=\"exe:months\"></span> \n</div> \nThe Karas Islands have two main meteorological seasons: kemanurpak,\nlit. ‘west month’, the wet season with winds from the west, and\ntagurpak, lit. ‘east month’, the dry season with winds from the east.\nThese are not encountered in the corpus, and it remains unclear which\nposition in the clause they take. \nTo make the construction ‘... ago’, the period of time is put in\nclause-initial position with a high boundary tone. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nminggu kon in ar=teba\nH L\nweek one <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘One week ago we were fishing.’ \n</div> \nAll ‘... ago’ constructions were elicited. In practice, people prefer to\nuse wis to indicate that the event took place in the past. Like\nkemarin in Malay, wis can be yesterday, but also any other time\nbefore today. To indicate a really long time ago (usually when talking\nabout another generation, or when telling fictional stories), one can\nuse wiseme ‘a long time ago’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:wiseme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wiseme\">[exe:wiseme]</a>) is the beginning of a\nstory about the Second World War. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwiseme Jepang=bon Amerika=bon nau=sair=ten\nlong_time_ago Japan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nAmerica=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=shoot=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n‘A long time ago, Japan and America were at war.’ <span id=\"exe:wiseme\"\nlabel=\"exe:wiseme\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Demonstratives", "Header 2": "Demonstrative function", "Header 3": "Distal me ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>’", "Header 4": "Spatial use" }, "passage": "Distal demonstrative me occurs adnominally, pronominally and\nidentificationally, prototypically to indicate referents that are\nrelatively far from the speaker. There are no adnominal examples in the\nnaturalistic corpus that are clearly spatial, so an elicited example is\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:demadme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demadme\">[exe:demadme]</a>). It was elicited for a\nsituation where the speaker points at one of the addressee’s teeth\n(scene 2 from ). \n<span id=\"exe:demadme\" label=\"exe:demadme\"></span> gier-ca me me\nten\ntooth-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbad\n‘That tooth of yours is bad.’ \nIn object position, the distal demonstrative has the form met, as is\nillustrated for pronominal use\nin(<a href=\"#exe:demprome\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demprome\">[exe:demprome]</a>). The distal\ndemonstrative refers to betel nuts, which the referent of ma ‘she’\nwent to look for in another house. \n<span id=\"exe:demprome\" label=\"exe:demprome\"></span> ma met=a\nsanggara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj=foc</span> search\n‘She searches for that.’ \nIdentificational examples are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:demidme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demidme\">[exe:demidme]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:demidmeme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demidmeme\">[exe:demidmeme]</a>). Like for proximal\nforms, the distal demonstrative follows a focused noun and precedes a\ntopic marker. \n<span id=\"exe:demidme\" label=\"exe:demidme\"></span> naharen-un=a me\nleftover-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘That is the leftover.’ \n<span id=\"exe:demidmeme\" label=\"exe:demidmeme\"></span> et me me\ncanoe <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘That is the canoe.’ \nDistal metko ‘there’ is used for indicating the location of referents\naway from the speaker.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:maulma\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:maulma\">[exe:maulma]</a>), the distal location is\nfirst specified (the sea) and then referred to with metko.\n(<a href=\"#exe:kasawari\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kasawari\">[exe:kasawari]</a>) is from a story about\na dog and a cassowary which chased each other into the sea and became\nrock formations. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nse kewe=ka kuru di=maruat=kin=ta to me karena ... mu maulma ran\nmetko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> bring\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nright <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> because\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> bend move\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n‘They wanted to bring \\[the corpse\\] from the house to the sea, right,\nbecause \\[...\\] they go there and bend \\[it straight\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:maulma\" label=\"exe:maulma\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nbal=nan ma dalang=i pasier=ko yie marua\ndog=too <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\njump=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> swim move_seawards\n‘The dog also jumped in the sea and swam away from the shore.’ kasawari\nse metko telin\ncassowary <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span> stay\n‘The cassowary stayed there.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:kasawari\" label=\"exe:kasawari\"></span> \n</div> \nMetko, like other NPs carrying a locative postposition, can be used\npredicatively, essentially meaning ‘to be there’. Mengga, like other\nNPs carrying the lative postposition, must always be used in combination\nwith other verbs. An example is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mengga1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mengga1\">[exe:mengga1]</a>). Complex source, goal\nand location constructions are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcgoal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcgoal\">[sec:mvcgoal]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nterus mengga koi Ibrahim tanbes=ko mengga koi Arepnengga bara\nfurther <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> then Ibrahim\nright=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> from_there then\nArepner.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> descend\n‘Further from there there’s Ibrahim on the right, from there down to\nArepner.’ <span id=\"exe:mengga1\" label=\"exe:mengga1\"></span> \n</div> \nIme is occasionally used as short for (i)metko. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkanas ep-kon=a marua ime\nkind_of_fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_group</span>-one=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘A school of kanas swims towards sea (there?).’ <span id=\"exe:ime\"\nlabel=\"exe:ime\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 33, "level": "low_resource", "question": "I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.", "split": "train" }
Fatima mu bo kairep teba.	Fatima and family go collect firewood.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Fatima and family go collect firewood.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Fatima\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Kilimala language\nKalamang translation: Kueimang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Fatima\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Fatar\nKalamang translation: Parar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"family\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: have a family\nKalamang translation: ruma tangga\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"family\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: family\nKalamang translation: wol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go out\nKalamang translation: keluar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go quickly\nKalamang translation: sasat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"collect\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: collect water\nKalamang translation: natada\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"collect\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: collect\nKalamang translation: olol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"firewood\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: New Guinea Rosewood\nKalamang translation: kayu nani\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"firewood\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: firewood\nKalamang translation: kaipur; kai\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Fatima\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: It's evening, Dalima is tired.\nKalamang translation: Go he saun, Dalima he kanggir pop.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Fatima\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima is cooking rice.\nKalamang translation: Salima pasakuar teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"family\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mustafa's father and family want to go to the garden, they are still waiting for Sakina.\nKalamang translation: Mustafa esun mu amdirga botkin mu tok Sakinat nawanggar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"family\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tuti and family go to the mountain to harvest nutmeg.\nKalamang translation: Tuti mu bo keleka ra sayangsara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother and family go searching for worms.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun mu bo ibanruo reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I go landwards at that edge.\nKalamang translation: An asun menggara mara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"collect\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The house has collapsed.\nKalamang translation: Kewe me he rouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"collect\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The rain is falling, I'm collecting water.\nKalamang translation: Kalis barara an per natada.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"firewood\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We were boiling water and the fire burnt the fireplace.\nKalamang translation: In perlalangat kuarta didir din na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"firewood\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is firewood up there.\nKalamang translation: Kai me keit owatko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nI identify four devices for structuring narratives. The first is\ntail-head linkage, described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:tailhead\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:tailhead\">[sec:tailhead]</a>. The second is\nrepetition of verbs to indicate iteration or duration, discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:verbred\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbred\">[sec:verbred]</a>. The third is the use of\nconjunctions, see §<a href=\"#sec:clauseconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clauseconj\">16.1.2</a>. The fourth is repetition of\nthe structure of a story to create chapters and paragraphs. Because the\nfirst three devices are also used in other speech genres in Kalamang and\nare treated elsewhere, I focus here on the repetition of events. \nSeveral of the stories have some kind of repeated event within chapters\nof the story. Linglong, for example, has two chapters, each with an\nevent that is repeated six times, creating six paragraphs per chapter.\nIn the first chapter, the protagonists, the monkey and the cuscus, visit\nseveral villages by canoe to sell firewood. In each village they sing\ntheir sales song, women come to the shore to buy their firewood, they\ncomment on the ugliness of ‘him in the back’ or ‘him in the front’\n(depending on where the monkey is seated), and after concluding the\nsales they paddle to the next village and switch places. This scene is\nrepeated six times. In the second part of the story, the cuscus (who is\ntired of switching places and of the monkey) puts the monkey in a cage\nin the water, saying he knows a trick to make the monkey white. As the\ntide rises and the monkey sees his body in the water, it indeed looks\nlighter. At several stages there is a recurring conversation between the\nmonkey and the cuscus, where the monkey indicates that he is white now,\nso the cuscus can let him out, and the cuscus tries to reassure the\nmonkey that he’s not quite there yet. This is also repeated six times,\nafter which the monkey drowns. \nThe money-defecating cow is also highly structured through repetition of\nevents. The narrative can be divided into five chapters, which can be\ndivided into three paragraphs each in which more or less the same events\nhappen. About 70% of all the linguistic material in the narrative is\nrepeated. This is illustrated by the three sentences given\nin<a href=\"#exe:kang1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kang1\">[exe:kang1]</a>\nto<a href=\"#exe:kang3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kang3\">[exe:kang3]</a>, from chapter 1. Each\nsentence is from a different paragraph, but is a near copy of the\nothers. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma se kanggeit=i kanggeit=i ma se yecie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nplay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nplay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn\n‘She played and played, she returned...’ <span id=\"exe:kang1\"\nlabel=\"exe:kang1\"></span> ma kanggeit=i kanggeit=i ma se yecie me\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nplay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nplay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘She played and played, she returned...’ ma se yecie kanggeit=i\nkanggeit=i ma se yecie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn play=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nplay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn\n‘She returned, she played and played, she returned...’\n<span id=\"exe:kang3\" label=\"exe:kang3\"></span> \n</div> \nChapter 1 describes how a mother sends her daughter to sell food at the\nmarket. The daughter, instead of selling the food, eats it, plays, then\ngoes home and tells her mother that a man chased her away and ate her\nfood. In chapter 2, the daughter, who is sent away from home, encounters\nthree giants, one after another. With each giant she meets, the girl\nobtains a magic item: first a cloth that when you spread it out on the\nfloor is filled with food, then a money-defecating cow, and lastly a\nclub that hits by itself. The way in which she meets the giants and\nobtains the magic items is described with roughly the same phrases each\ntime. Chapters 3 to 5 describe more events involving the girl and her\nthree items. Each chapter describes first the events with the cloth,\nthen with the cow, and lastly with the club, again using very similar\nphrases. Similar phrases are also used across chapters, not only across\nparagraphs, to describe the three magic items. For example, the trick\nperformed by the cow is described in chapters 2, 4 and 5 as follows.\nNote that the command for the cow to do its trick is always in Malay,\nand the descriptive parts are partly in Malay, partly in Kalamang. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nsapi me conto-un tamandi\ncow <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntrick-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> how\n‘“The cow, what’s his trick?’” sapi berak uang\ncow defecate money\n‘“Cow, defecate money!’” sapi se kietkiet=ta me pitis=at kietkiet o\ncow <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndefecate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nmoney=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> defecate\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘The cow already defecates, defecates money.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nsapi berak uang\ncow defecate money\n‘“Cow, defecate money!’” sapi berak=nin\ncow defecate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘The cow doesn’t defecate.’ \n</div> \nsapi berak uang o sapi me se kietkiet\ncow defecate money <span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> cow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndefecate\n‘“Cow, defecate money!’’ The cow already defecates.’ \n</div> \nThe structure of The money-defecating cow is visualised in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:money\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:money\">18.2</a>. It shows that in all chapters,\nthere is repetition across paragraphs. In chapters 2–5, there is also\nrepetition across chapters. \n<div id=\"tab:money\"> \n\| \| §1 \| §2 \| §3 \|\n\|:-----\|:-----------------------\|:---------------------\|:----------------------\|\n\| Ch 1 \| selling food \| selling food \| selling food \|\n\| Ch 2 \| obtaining cloth \| obtaining cow \| obtaining club \|\n\| Ch 3 \| losing cloth \| losing cow \| losing club \|\n\| Ch 4 \| cloth doesn’t work \| cow doesn’t work \| club doesn’t work \|\n\| Ch 5 \| getting back cloth \| getting back cow \| getting back club \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nStructure of The money-defecating cow (narr25) \n</div> \nA third story that displays paragraphing through repetition is Crab.\nAfter the introduction (chapter 1), where Mother catches a crab, tells\nher children to bake it but not eat it, and then disappears, the\nchildren go to search for her in the sea. In that chapter, they ask four\nfish for help: a parrotfish, a kanas, a mackerel and a shark. Each\nfish conversation goes along the same lines and constitutes a paragraph:\n‘They paddle to \\[fish\\]. “\\[Fish\\], have you seen our mother?” “No, I\nhaven’t seen your mother. Try and ask \\[other fish\\].” They paddle to\n\\[other fish\\].’ The shark is able to retrieve their mother from the\nsea, which is described in the third and final chapter. \nOther stories that structure through repetition of events, at varying\ndegrees, are Makuteli, Kuawi, Kelengkeleng woman, Married to a\nmermaid, The providing tree, Suagibaba, The talking coconut and\nTenggelele. Of the traditional narratives, only Finding water at Sui\nhas no repetition. One of the personal narratives (Exchanging tobacco)\nalso has some degree of repetition. The stimuli-based stories do not.\nRepetition often revolves around formulae, which are discussed in the\nnext section.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe single most common asymmetrical SVC is with bo ‘to go’, an\nindependent verb that can be modified with all mood, aspect and modality\nmarkers available in Kalamang. It is, however, also an irregular verb,\nwhich always takes the form bot when it is the only verb in the\nconstruction, but bo when it occurs in a SVC (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:stems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stems\">4.4.6.1</a> for an introduction to verb roots\nin -t, and §<a href=\"#sec:ntverbs\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ntverbs\">[sec:ntverbs]</a> for a discussion of these\nas a separate verb class).[^82] It is multifunctional, and always occurs\nas the first verb in the SVC. \nFirst, it occurs in purposive motion serialisation, where bo ‘to go’\nindicates the movement of the subject, and the second verb indicates the\npurpose. The second verb can be any dynamic verb, transitive or\nintransitive. Consider the following examples with an intransitive verb,\na transitive verb with incorporated object, and a transitive verb with\nobject, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni e an bo war=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He said: “Eh, I go fishing.”’ <span id=\"exe:bowark\"\nlabel=\"exe:bowark\"></span> tumun kon se bo kai-rep\nchild one <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go firewood-get\n‘One of the children went to collect firewood.’ <span id=\"exe:tumkon\"\nlabel=\"exe:tumkon\"></span> mu tok bo walor=at saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> first go\ncoconut_leaf=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> ascend\n‘They first went to harvest \\[lit. ascend\\] coconut leaves.’\n<span id=\"exe:walsar\" label=\"exe:walsar\"></span> \n</div> \nSecond, bo ‘to go’ occurs in SVCs with stative intransitive verbs in\nchange-of-state serialisation. Like in purposive motion serialisation,\nbo ‘to go’ needs to be the first verb in the construction.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:borei\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:borei\">[exe:borei]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:eiririr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiririr\">[exe:eiririr]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum bo reidak mindi\nperson go many like_that\n‘We became many people, like that.’ <span id=\"exe:borei\"\nlabel=\"exe:borei\"></span> bungkus eir∼eir-i kahetma gelas bo\nmikon\nsachet two∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr-objqnt</span> open glass go\nfull\n‘Open two sachets each, until the glass is full.’ <span id=\"exe:eiririr\"\nlabel=\"exe:eiririr\"></span> \n</div> \nA fixed expression that is a variant of change-of-state serialisation\nwith bo ‘to go’ and tik ‘to take a long time’ is bo tik ‘before\nlong’. Note that change-of-state can also be expressed with nominals\nreferring to times of the day in predicate function, e.g. bo go saun\n‘until the evening; after it had turned evening’ (with go saun\n‘evening’ ). \nThird, bo ‘to go’ occurs in constructions with locatives and latives\nto indicate motion towards a goal (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:svcloclat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:svcloclat\">[sec:svcloclat]</a>).\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Fatima and family go collect firewood.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Fatima mu bo kairep teba.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Fatima mu bo kairep teba.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "The structure of narratives", "Header 3": "Devices for structuring", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "I identify four devices for structuring narratives. The first is\ntail-head linkage, described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:tailhead\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:tailhead\">[sec:tailhead]</a>. The second is\nrepetition of verbs to indicate iteration or duration, discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:verbred\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbred\">[sec:verbred]</a>. The third is the use of\nconjunctions, see §<a href=\"#sec:clauseconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clauseconj\">16.1.2</a>. The fourth is repetition of\nthe structure of a story to create chapters and paragraphs. Because the\nfirst three devices are also used in other speech genres in Kalamang and\nare treated elsewhere, I focus here on the repetition of events. \nSeveral of the stories have some kind of repeated event within chapters\nof the story. Linglong, for example, has two chapters, each with an\nevent that is repeated six times, creating six paragraphs per chapter.\nIn the first chapter, the protagonists, the monkey and the cuscus, visit\nseveral villages by canoe to sell firewood. In each village they sing\ntheir sales song, women come to the shore to buy their firewood, they\ncomment on the ugliness of ‘him in the back’ or ‘him in the front’\n(depending on where the monkey is seated), and after concluding the\nsales they paddle to the next village and switch places. This scene is\nrepeated six times. In the second part of the story, the cuscus (who is\ntired of switching places and of the monkey) puts the monkey in a cage\nin the water, saying he knows a trick to make the monkey white. As the\ntide rises and the monkey sees his body in the water, it indeed looks\nlighter. At several stages there is a recurring conversation between the\nmonkey and the cuscus, where the monkey indicates that he is white now,\nso the cuscus can let him out, and the cuscus tries to reassure the\nmonkey that he’s not quite there yet. This is also repeated six times,\nafter which the monkey drowns. \nThe money-defecating cow is also highly structured through repetition of\nevents. The narrative can be divided into five chapters, which can be\ndivided into three paragraphs each in which more or less the same events\nhappen. About 70% of all the linguistic material in the narrative is\nrepeated. This is illustrated by the three sentences given\nin<a href=\"#exe:kang1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kang1\">[exe:kang1]</a>\nto<a href=\"#exe:kang3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kang3\">[exe:kang3]</a>, from chapter 1. Each\nsentence is from a different paragraph, but is a near copy of the\nothers. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma se kanggeit=i kanggeit=i ma se yecie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nplay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nplay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn\n‘She played and played, she returned...’ <span id=\"exe:kang1\"\nlabel=\"exe:kang1\"></span> ma kanggeit=i kanggeit=i ma se yecie me\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nplay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nplay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘She played and played, she returned...’ ma se yecie kanggeit=i\nkanggeit=i ma se yecie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn play=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nplay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn\n‘She returned, she played and played, she returned...’\n<span id=\"exe:kang3\" label=\"exe:kang3\"></span> \n</div> \nChapter 1 describes how a mother sends her daughter to sell food at the\nmarket. The daughter, instead of selling the food, eats it, plays, then\ngoes home and tells her mother that a man chased her away and ate her\nfood. In chapter 2, the daughter, who is sent away from home, encounters\nthree giants, one after another. With each giant she meets, the girl\nobtains a magic item: first a cloth that when you spread it out on the\nfloor is filled with food, then a money-defecating cow, and lastly a\nclub that hits by itself. The way in which she meets the giants and\nobtains the magic items is described with roughly the same phrases each\ntime. Chapters 3 to 5 describe more events involving the girl and her\nthree items. Each chapter describes first the events with the cloth,\nthen with the cow, and lastly with the club, again using very similar\nphrases. Similar phrases are also used across chapters, not only across\nparagraphs, to describe the three magic items. For example, the trick\nperformed by the cow is described in chapters 2, 4 and 5 as follows.\nNote that the command for the cow to do its trick is always in Malay,\nand the descriptive parts are partly in Malay, partly in Kalamang. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nsapi me conto-un tamandi\ncow <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntrick-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> how\n‘“The cow, what’s his trick?’” sapi berak uang\ncow defecate money\n‘“Cow, defecate money!’” sapi se kietkiet=ta me pitis=at kietkiet o\ncow <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndefecate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nmoney=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> defecate\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘The cow already defecates, defecates money.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nsapi berak uang\ncow defecate money\n‘“Cow, defecate money!’” sapi berak=nin\ncow defecate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘The cow doesn’t defecate.’ \n</div> \nsapi berak uang o sapi me se kietkiet\ncow defecate money <span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> cow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndefecate\n‘“Cow, defecate money!’’ The cow already defecates.’ \n</div> \nThe structure of The money-defecating cow is visualised in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:money\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:money\">18.2</a>. It shows that in all chapters,\nthere is repetition across paragraphs. In chapters 2–5, there is also\nrepetition across chapters. \n<div id=\"tab:money\"> \n\| \| §1 \| §2 \| §3 \|\n\|:-----\|:-----------------------\|:---------------------\|:----------------------\|\n\| Ch 1 \| selling food \| selling food \| selling food \|\n\| Ch 2 \| obtaining cloth \| obtaining cow \| obtaining club \|\n\| Ch 3 \| losing cloth \| losing cow \| losing club \|\n\| Ch 4 \| cloth doesn’t work \| cow doesn’t work \| club doesn’t work \|\n\| Ch 5 \| getting back cloth \| getting back cow \| getting back club \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nStructure of The money-defecating cow (narr25) \n</div> \nA third story that displays paragraphing through repetition is Crab.\nAfter the introduction (chapter 1), where Mother catches a crab, tells\nher children to bake it but not eat it, and then disappears, the\nchildren go to search for her in the sea. In that chapter, they ask four\nfish for help: a parrotfish, a kanas, a mackerel and a shark. Each\nfish conversation goes along the same lines and constitutes a paragraph:\n‘They paddle to \\[fish\\]. “\\[Fish\\], have you seen our mother?” “No, I\nhaven’t seen your mother. Try and ask \\[other fish\\].” They paddle to\n\\[other fish\\].’ The shark is able to retrieve their mother from the\nsea, which is described in the third and final chapter. \nOther stories that structure through repetition of events, at varying\ndegrees, are Makuteli, Kuawi, Kelengkeleng woman, Married to a\nmermaid, The providing tree, Suagibaba, The talking coconut and\nTenggelele. Of the traditional narratives, only Finding water at Sui\nhas no repetition. One of the personal narratives (Exchanging tobacco)\nalso has some degree of repetition. The stimuli-based stories do not.\nRepetition often revolves around formulae, which are discussed in the\nnext section." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Complex predicates", "Header 2": "Serial verb constructions", "Header 3": "Asymmetrical SVCs", "Header 4": "With bo ‘go’" }, "passage": "The single most common asymmetrical SVC is with bo ‘to go’, an\nindependent verb that can be modified with all mood, aspect and modality\nmarkers available in Kalamang. It is, however, also an irregular verb,\nwhich always takes the form bot when it is the only verb in the\nconstruction, but bo when it occurs in a SVC (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:stems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stems\">4.4.6.1</a> for an introduction to verb roots\nin -t, and §<a href=\"#sec:ntverbs\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ntverbs\">[sec:ntverbs]</a> for a discussion of these\nas a separate verb class).[^82] It is multifunctional, and always occurs\nas the first verb in the SVC. \nFirst, it occurs in purposive motion serialisation, where bo ‘to go’\nindicates the movement of the subject, and the second verb indicates the\npurpose. The second verb can be any dynamic verb, transitive or\nintransitive. Consider the following examples with an intransitive verb,\na transitive verb with incorporated object, and a transitive verb with\nobject, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni e an bo war=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He said: “Eh, I go fishing.”’ <span id=\"exe:bowark\"\nlabel=\"exe:bowark\"></span> tumun kon se bo kai-rep\nchild one <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go firewood-get\n‘One of the children went to collect firewood.’ <span id=\"exe:tumkon\"\nlabel=\"exe:tumkon\"></span> mu tok bo walor=at saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> first go\ncoconut_leaf=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> ascend\n‘They first went to harvest \\[lit. ascend\\] coconut leaves.’\n<span id=\"exe:walsar\" label=\"exe:walsar\"></span> \n</div> \nSecond, bo ‘to go’ occurs in SVCs with stative intransitive verbs in\nchange-of-state serialisation. Like in purposive motion serialisation,\nbo ‘to go’ needs to be the first verb in the construction.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:borei\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:borei\">[exe:borei]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:eiririr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiririr\">[exe:eiririr]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum bo reidak mindi\nperson go many like_that\n‘We became many people, like that.’ <span id=\"exe:borei\"\nlabel=\"exe:borei\"></span> bungkus eir∼eir-i kahetma gelas bo\nmikon\nsachet two∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr-objqnt</span> open glass go\nfull\n‘Open two sachets each, until the glass is full.’ <span id=\"exe:eiririr\"\nlabel=\"exe:eiririr\"></span> \n</div> \nA fixed expression that is a variant of change-of-state serialisation\nwith bo ‘to go’ and tik ‘to take a long time’ is bo tik ‘before\nlong’. Note that change-of-state can also be expressed with nominals\nreferring to times of the day in predicate function, e.g. bo go saun\n‘until the evening; after it had turned evening’ (with go saun\n‘evening’ ). \nThird, bo ‘to go’ occurs in constructions with locatives and latives\nto indicate motion towards a goal (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:svcloclat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:svcloclat\">[sec:svcloclat]</a>)." } ], "index": 34, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Fatima and family go collect firewood.", "split": "train" }
Tumtum Sakina mu pasaromunat parua mu muat koewat.	The childen are picking Sakina's family's ambarella's, they are angry at them.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: The childen are picking Sakina's family's ambarella's, they are angry at them.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: The Netherlands\nKalamang translation: Beladar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"childen\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: small child\nKalamang translation: tumun caun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"childen\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: child in law\nKalamang translation: ketan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"picking\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: king\nKalamang translation: leit\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"picking\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pick\nKalamang translation: kajie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Sakina\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: vagina\nKalamang translation: kar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Sakina\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: casuarina (tree)\nKalamang translation: rur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"family\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: have a family\nKalamang translation: ruma tangga\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"family\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: family\nKalamang translation: wol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ambarella\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Kilimala language\nKalamang translation: Kueimang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ambarella\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: ambarella\nKalamang translation: pasarom\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"they\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thermos\nKalamang translation: termus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"they\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: then\nKalamang translation: baru; eba; koi; mera; siktak; terus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"angry\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: angry\nKalamang translation: kacok; kademor; koewa; kouran\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"angry\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: be angry\nKalamang translation: bonaras\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: laugh at\nKalamang translation: komayeki\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: at its place\nKalamang translation: terunggo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"them\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"them\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: then\nKalamang translation: baru; eba; koi; mera; siktak; terus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The ananas isn't ripe yet.\nKalamang translation: Kainasu me tok sawaunin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The fish's gall bladder exploded.\nKalamang translation: Sar iemuna kararcie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"childen\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The man looks at his child.\nKalamang translation: Canam tumununat komet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"childen\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Hawa's child sleeps.\nKalamang translation: Hawa tumunun se min.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"picking\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Two chickens are picking each other.\nKalamang translation: Kokok eir naunatuka.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"picking\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are picking gogit leaves to cook.\nKalamang translation: Mu gogit olunat parua kuar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Sakina\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sakina's mother can steer a motor boat.\nKalamang translation: Sakina emun jongsongat bisa kinkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Sakina\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dalima goes up to buy noodles but Sakina and family are still eating.\nKalamang translation: Dalima sara mijie ba Sakina mu tok muap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"family\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mustafa's father and family want to go to the garden, they are still waiting for Sakina.\nKalamang translation: Mustafa esun mu amdirga botkin mu tok Sakinat nawanggar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"family\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tuti and family go to the mountain to harvest nutmeg.\nKalamang translation: Tuti mu bo keleka ra sayangsara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ambarella\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That dog is barking at a cat.\nKalamang translation: Bal imene sikanara koboukbouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ambarella\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are organising Hawa and Darfin's third day, (they are) extending a mat.\nKalamang translation: Mu Hawabon Darfinbon yuol karuonat paruo elat parapara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"they\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: First time they came they didn't know people yet.\nKalamang translation: Giarun mu lukta mu tok sontumat komahal.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"they\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Taros they sell at Fakfak: one heap fifty thousand (rupiah).\nKalamang translation: Manadu mu Pakpao parinda tumpuk konde ripi purap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"angry\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They come back from the mountain, they are hungry.\nKalamang translation: Mu kolaka bore yecie mu he muisese.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"angry\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many waspfish in the mangrove.\nKalamang translation: Kambanau me tanggor nenekoa reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many pandanus at the cape.\nKalamang translation: Diwadiwal karimunggo reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to go fishing at the dock.\nKalamang translation: An bo jambatanggoa warkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"them\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dalima and Salima were fighting and Nazua blocked them.\nKalamang translation: Dalimabon Salimabon naras Nazua namot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"them\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Grandfather Nostal splits planks, La Deka carries them on his shoulder.\nKalamang translation: Tata Nostala pawanat parair La Deka bitko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:corpus\" label=\"sec:corpus\"></span> In this section, I give\nan overview of the types of data I gathered and how they are referred to\nin this study. I make a main distinction between naturalistic recordings\nand elicited material. I also introduce the online corpus that\naccompanies this study.[^18] \nAll data were gathered during four field trips between 2015 and 2019.\nThe first field trip in 2015 was conducted for my master’s thesis, and\nthe other three as part of my PhD programme.[^19]\nTable<a href=\"#tab:stays\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:stays\">2.4</a> gives an overview of time spent in\nthe field: 23 weeks. This time excludes travel to and from, stays in\ncities to deal with administrative matters, etc., and thus represents\nthe ‘net time’ spent on Karas. I stayed in Mas village\n(Figure<a href=\"#fig:mas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:mas\">2.5</a>) during all field trips, but made\nfrequent visits to Antalisa, the other Kalamang-speaking village. The\nmain consultants and all speakers were inhabitants of Mas at the time of\nrecording, but some of them had spent a part of their lives in Antalisa. \n<div id=\"tab:stays\"> \n\| year \| months \| weeks \|\n\|:------\|:--------\|------:\|\n\| 2015 \| Oct-Nov \| 6 \|\n\| 2017 \| Feb-Apr \| 11 \|\n\| 2018 \| Mar-May \| 8 \|\n\| 2019 \| Feb-Apr \| 8 \|\n\| Total \| \| 23 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nTime spent on Karas \n</div> \n<figure id=\"fig:mas\">\n<img src=\"Images/Masvillage-cropped.jpg\" style=\"width:70.0%\" />\n<figcaption>Mas village</figcaption>\n</figure> \nThe backbone of this grammar is the data corpus with time-aligned\nannotated video recordings of naturalistic spoken language ,\nsupplemented by elicited data in the form of translated sentences and\ngrammaticality judgements. Following (advice iterated in fieldwork\nguides like ), the naturalistic spoken data consist of different genres.\nI started with the recording of short personal histories, descriptive\nand prescriptive procedures, picture-matching tasks, and narratives\nrecorded with the help of picture stimuli, such as Frog, where are\nyou? , because these were relatively easy to transcribe. In subsequent\nyears, I recorded among other things free conversations and traditional\nnarratives, and used an action camera to film people at work and\ntravelling. Naturalistic data is typically video recorded, and a large\npart of it is annotated, roughly divided into breath groups[^20] with\nthe following information: an English and Papuan Malay translation, a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis and part-of-speech information, sometimes\nsupplemented by notes on grammar or (cultural) background.[^21] Elicited\ndata was typically written down in notebooks and subsequently digitised.\nSome of the elicited data was also audio recorded, and most of it was\nalso translated into English and Papuan Malay, and supplemented with a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis, part-of-speech information and\nnotes.[^22] \nFor naturalistic recordings, I make a rough distinction between three\ndifferent kinds: data obtained with the help of stimuli, narratives and\nconversations.[^23] Stimuli are all recordings with a narrative or\nconversation-like character that are made with the help of a\npre-designed stimulus. This includes narratives told with the help of a\npicture book or video stimulus, picture-matching tasks, people\ndiscussing certain fishing gear that I had brought and asked them to\ndiscuss, route descriptions based on videos that I made, and recordings\nof people doing the Family problems picture task . Although some of\nthese narratives and conversations proceed in quite a naturalistic way,\nand they are definitely much more naturalistic than elicited data, they\nare at least stylistically artificial in the sense that they are genres\nthat do not naturally occur in Kalamang speech, and were therefore\ngrouped together. Narratives are all recordings where only one person\nspeaks, or where one person is the main speaker. These include personal\nhistories, traditional narratives and descriptive procedures. Most\nnarratives are prompted: I asked a speaker whether they could talk about\nwhen they went fishing, about how to make a canoe, or to tell me a tale.\nWhile some are quite directed, such as the plant medicine videos where\nspeakers hold up specimens of plants and explain how they are used in\nmedicine, others are very naturalistic examples of narratives which\nroughly stick to the theme I requested, but where the topic is filled in\nfreely by the narrator. Conversations are recordings with two people\nengaging in a conversation. Most of these were prompted: I would ask\nsomeone to explain how to make a basket to someone else, to talk with\ntheir friend about cooking with vegetables or about making medicine with\nroots, or to discuss the most recent funeral. I judge these to be very\nnaturalistic, with the speakers often trailing off from the requested\ntopic and just chatting along. Two long recordings are completely\nunprompted: a kitchen conversation between two grandmothers\n([conv12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BBD-5)) and a\nliving room conversation between two mothers\n([conv9](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9F-F)). I have\nnot attempted to record with more than two main speakers, although a\nthird or fourth speaker sometimes makes a guest appearance in a\nrecording. Examples used in this study taken from video-recorded\nnaturalistic data are tagged as ‘stim’, ‘narr’ and ‘conv’, respectively,\nfollowed by a running number and a time stamp indicating where in the\nrecording the utterance can be found. An example of each is given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbal se sor=at koraru\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bite\n‘The dog has bitten the fish.’ <span id=\"exe:tri\"\nlabel=\"exe:tri\"></span> mu kiem\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> run\n‘They run.’ <span id=\"exe:SV33\" label=\"exe:SV33\"></span> ma reitkon\npurap-i an=at kamat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> hundred\nfifty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nsend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘He sent me one hundred and fifty \\[thousand rupiah\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:kamatt\" label=\"exe:kamatt\"></span> \n</div> \nA list of the 104 naturalistic recordings in the corpus that are\ntranscribed and annotated can be found in the Appendix on page. More\ncontext can be found in the description of the recording in the corpus.\nA summary of the transcribed minutes and amount of words per recording\ntype is given in Table<a href=\"#tab:vidsum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:vidsum\">2.5</a>. An additional five hours of\nuntranscribed Kalamang speech can also be found in the corpus. \n<div id=\"tab:vidsum\"> \n\| type \| amt. \| hh:mm:ss \| words \|\n\|:---------------\|-----:\|---------:\|------:\|\n\| stimulus-based \| 32 \| 03:22:28 \| 11998 \|\n\| narratives \| 45 \| 06:21:02 \| 32422 \|\n\| conversation \| 27 \| 05:49:14 \| 25286 \|\n\| total \| 104 \| 15:32:44 \| 69706 \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSummary of naturalistic annotated recordings \n</div> \nTo get a better understanding of certain topics that seemed worth\ninvestigating or that did not yield clear enough data in the\nnaturalistic corpus, or to inform other people’s typological studies, I\nalso elicited data with the help of questionnaires and video stimuli. I\nused some questionnaires and video stimuli designed by others, but also\ndesigned roughly 70 tailor-made questionnaires myself, with the aim to\nfill in gaps from the naturalistic spoken corpus. These tailor-made\nquestionnaires can be found in the corpus with two-to-four-letter tags,\nsometimes supplemented with a two-digit indicator for a year or a\nrunning number. For example, ‘adj’ is a questionnaire about adjectives\nused in 2018, and ‘adj19’ is a questionnaire about adjectives used in\n2019. These questionnaires contain a mix of requests for translations\n(from Indonesian or Papuan Malay) and grammaticality checks of Kalamang\nsentences that I constructed, typically based on a similar example from\nthe corpus. Examples from these, as well as examples from data resulting\nfrom using other people’s questionnaires and video stimuli, are referred\nto in this study with the tag ‘elic’, followed by the corpus tag of the\nquestionnaire and the line number of the example. An example is\n(<a href=\"#exe:elicex\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:elicex\">[exe:elicex]</a>). Elicited examples are\nonly used when no naturalistic examples are available, or when\nnaturalistic examples do not illustrate the point clearly (for example,\nwhen there is no minimal pair available). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu pas sem=ten=at koup\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> woman\nafraid-<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj=obj</span> hug\n‘They hugged the scared woman.’ <span id=\"exe:elicex\"\nlabel=\"exe:elicex\"></span> \n</div> \nAn overview of the questionnaires, picture-matching tasks, picture\nstimuli and video stimuli designed by others that were used to collect\nKalamang data can be found on page. Some of these are classified as\nelicited material, while others are classified as naturalistic data and\nare referred to with the ‘stim’ tag. In this study, I sometimes make\nreference to the naturalistic spoken corpus, to oppose it to the\nelicited data – for example, when a certain construction type is only\nfound in the one and not in the other. Recordings in the naturalistic\nspoken corpus are also sometimes referred to as texts.[^24] Other\nexamples quoted in this study are marked as \\[overheard\\] or \\[dict\\].\nThe former are examples that I personally overheard. They are typically\ngreetings or other utterances that are highly frequent in daily life but\nthat have not made their way into the recorded corpus. In a very few\ninstances, they are utterances that I found interesting when I heard\nthem and which I noted down straight after. Examples quoted as \\[dict\\]\nare example sentences written by Fajaria Yarkuran for the dictionary\n(see §<a href=\"#sec:teachers\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:teachers\">[sec:teachers]</a>).\nTable<a href=\"#tab:examples\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:examples\">2.6</a> is an overview of the example\ntypes used in this study, and how they are referred to. \n<div id=\"tab:examples\"> \n\| type \| subtype \| tag example \| tag format \|\n\|:-------------\|:---------------\|:-----------------\|:-----------------------------------\|\n\| naturalistic \| stimulus-based \| \\[stim13_2:15\\] \| stim+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| narrative \| \\[narr45_23:04\\] \| narr+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| conversation \| \\[conv2_13:59\\] \| conv+running number_time stamp \|\n\| elicited \| \| \\[elic_wc_16\\] \| elic_questionnaire tag_line number \|\n\| naturalistic \| overheard \| \\[overheard\\] \| \|\n\| dictionary \| \| \\[dict_yuor\\] \| dict_lemma \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSources of examples used in this study \n</div> \nFor examples where I deem the linguistic or pragmatic context necessary\nto understand the example, or to understand the point the example\nillustrates, I have added information about the context of the example,\neither in the text preceding the example or in square brackets in the\nexample itself. Of course, this does not mean that a great many examples\ncould not have benefited from more information about the linguistic or\npragmatic context. To this end, I provide direct links to the corpus for\neach example so that the reader can inspect at least the linguistic\ncontext on their own. In the digital version of this grammar, the corpus\ntag that accompanies each example is clickable and leads to the bundle\npage that contains the relevant files. \nThe corpus also contains videos and pictures illustrating daily life in\nMas; a cultural questionnaire; recordings of music, prayer calls and\nsermons; pictures illustrating the natural world around Karas; and sound\nclips of words and phrases for phonetic and intonation analysis. All\ncorpus materials are accompanied by rich metadata, including a\ndescription of the contents, key words, genre, cross-references,\nlocation and, for the naturalistic recordings, extensive speaker\ninformation. Where possible, I have bundled recordings on a certain\ntopic together with supplementary materials such as pictures, such that\na narrative about the village’s last wedding is supplemented with\npictures of the wedding. A guide to the corpus with more details about\nits contents can be found in the corpus itself. \nAt a later stage, it would be good to supplement the corpus with\nrecordings that show code switching in addressing different audiences or\naddressees, to show more of the dynamic sociolinguistic context in which\nKalamang is spoken ,[^25] ritual and ceremonial language use, and songs\n.[^26] Certain formal genres, like public speeches or meetings, are not\nattested in the Kalamang speech community because of its status as a\nshifting language (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:socioling\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:socioling\">[sec:socioling]</a>).\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nA clitic on the predicate =ten was introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:attr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:attr\">[sec:attr]</a> as an attributive marker, which\nalso functions as a relative clause marker\n(§<a href=\"#sec:relcla\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:relcla\">[sec:relcla]</a>). Besides these occurrences\nof =ten, several dozen examples in the natural spoken corpus cannot be\nanalysed as an attributively used predicate or as a relativiser. With\nthe data currently available I cannot arrive at a unified analysis for\nthem, which is why the clitic remains glossed as\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>. I briefly present some data here. \nThe clitic occurs several times on the manner demonstratives wandi\n‘like this’ and mindi ‘like that’ (the latter is illustrated in\nexample<a href=\"#exe:keweneko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:keweneko\">[exe:keweneko]</a>), following similative\nmarker =kap (example<a href=\"#exe:rombon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rombon\">[exe:rombon]</a>), and on the question word\ntamandi ‘how’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:manditen\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:manditen\">[exe:manditen]</a>). Another example, on\nthe verb pue ‘to hit’, is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:purenme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:purenme\">[exe:purenme]</a>). An analysis that might\nfit for part of the data, represented by these examples, is that of a\nsubordinate clause marker, expressing meanings like ‘since’, ‘as’ or\n‘after’. This potential reading is indicated in brackets in the\ntranslation. If this analysis is correct, the relativiser use of =ten\nis a specific example of this more general use. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan kewe neko=et me mindi=ten me eranun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> house\ninside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> cannot\n‘If I’m in the house (as it is like that) I can’t do it.\n<span id=\"exe:keweneko\" label=\"exe:keweneko\"></span> in opa rombongan\nbaran=ten=kap me tengguen=i koyet in se mengga kubirar=ka bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> group\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten=sim</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ngather=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>\ngraveyard=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go\n‘(When) we, that group, moved down, had all gathered, we went from there\nto the graveyard.’ <span id=\"exe:rombon\" label=\"exe:rombon\"></span>\nsayang tamandi=ten ma wandi pi nak=komahal\nnutmeg how=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> like_this\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> just=not_know\n‘Why (how come) is the nutmeg like this? We just don’t know.’\n<span id=\"exe:manditen\" label=\"exe:manditen\"></span> kaden-un metko\npue=ten me supaya tu=te di=metko=et bisa balama=te mindi naladur=et\nbisa\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nhit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> so_that\nhit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\ncan heat_in_fire=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> like_that\nmassage=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> can\n‘(When?) \\[you\\] hit the body there, so that hitting and putting it\nthere is possible, and heating in the fire and massaging is possible.’\n<span id=\"exe:purenme\" label=\"exe:purenme\"></span> \n</div> \nNot all examples can get a subordinate clause reading, however. The\nfollowing example shows =ten at the end of an utterance. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka nan=et me mesang=ten=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ndregs=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten=sim</span>\n‘If you eat, \\[it tastes\\] like dregs.’ nain plastik mindi\nlike plastic like_that\n‘Like plastic.’ ema\nmother\n‘Mother!’ \n</div> \n</div> \nA combination of =ten and =saet ‘all; only; exclusively’ is found in\nindefinite pronoun constructions. Both emphatic clitics, like ‘only’ and\nconstructions similar to non-specific free relative clauses, are\ncross-linguistically common in the expression of concessive conditionals\n, so it is possible that this is a use of the relative clitic =ten. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npi don kon se jien=ten=saet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> thing one\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>=only\n‘Whatever thing we obtain...’ set me memang tebonggan bes=ten=saet\nbait <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> true all\ngood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>=only\n‘The bait, to be honest, they are all good.’ \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: The childen are picking Sakina's family's ambarella's, they are angry at them.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Tumtum Sakina mu pasaromunat parua mu muat koewat.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Tumtum Sakina mu pasaromunat parua mu muat koewat.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "This study", "Header 3": "Data and research methods", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:corpus\" label=\"sec:corpus\"></span> In this section, I give\nan overview of the types of data I gathered and how they are referred to\nin this study. I make a main distinction between naturalistic recordings\nand elicited material. I also introduce the online corpus that\naccompanies this study.[^18] \nAll data were gathered during four field trips between 2015 and 2019.\nThe first field trip in 2015 was conducted for my master’s thesis, and\nthe other three as part of my PhD programme.[^19]\nTable<a href=\"#tab:stays\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:stays\">2.4</a> gives an overview of time spent in\nthe field: 23 weeks. This time excludes travel to and from, stays in\ncities to deal with administrative matters, etc., and thus represents\nthe ‘net time’ spent on Karas. I stayed in Mas village\n(Figure<a href=\"#fig:mas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:mas\">2.5</a>) during all field trips, but made\nfrequent visits to Antalisa, the other Kalamang-speaking village. The\nmain consultants and all speakers were inhabitants of Mas at the time of\nrecording, but some of them had spent a part of their lives in Antalisa. \n<div id=\"tab:stays\"> \n\| year \| months \| weeks \|\n\|:------\|:--------\|------:\|\n\| 2015 \| Oct-Nov \| 6 \|\n\| 2017 \| Feb-Apr \| 11 \|\n\| 2018 \| Mar-May \| 8 \|\n\| 2019 \| Feb-Apr \| 8 \|\n\| Total \| \| 23 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nTime spent on Karas \n</div> \n<figure id=\"fig:mas\">\n<img src=\"Images/Masvillage-cropped.jpg\" style=\"width:70.0%\" />\n<figcaption>Mas village</figcaption>\n</figure> \nThe backbone of this grammar is the data corpus with time-aligned\nannotated video recordings of naturalistic spoken language ,\nsupplemented by elicited data in the form of translated sentences and\ngrammaticality judgements. Following (advice iterated in fieldwork\nguides like ), the naturalistic spoken data consist of different genres.\nI started with the recording of short personal histories, descriptive\nand prescriptive procedures, picture-matching tasks, and narratives\nrecorded with the help of picture stimuli, such as Frog, where are\nyou? , because these were relatively easy to transcribe. In subsequent\nyears, I recorded among other things free conversations and traditional\nnarratives, and used an action camera to film people at work and\ntravelling. Naturalistic data is typically video recorded, and a large\npart of it is annotated, roughly divided into breath groups[^20] with\nthe following information: an English and Papuan Malay translation, a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis and part-of-speech information, sometimes\nsupplemented by notes on grammar or (cultural) background.[^21] Elicited\ndata was typically written down in notebooks and subsequently digitised.\nSome of the elicited data was also audio recorded, and most of it was\nalso translated into English and Papuan Malay, and supplemented with a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis, part-of-speech information and\nnotes.[^22] \nFor naturalistic recordings, I make a rough distinction between three\ndifferent kinds: data obtained with the help of stimuli, narratives and\nconversations.[^23] Stimuli are all recordings with a narrative or\nconversation-like character that are made with the help of a\npre-designed stimulus. This includes narratives told with the help of a\npicture book or video stimulus, picture-matching tasks, people\ndiscussing certain fishing gear that I had brought and asked them to\ndiscuss, route descriptions based on videos that I made, and recordings\nof people doing the Family problems picture task . Although some of\nthese narratives and conversations proceed in quite a naturalistic way,\nand they are definitely much more naturalistic than elicited data, they\nare at least stylistically artificial in the sense that they are genres\nthat do not naturally occur in Kalamang speech, and were therefore\ngrouped together. Narratives are all recordings where only one person\nspeaks, or where one person is the main speaker. These include personal\nhistories, traditional narratives and descriptive procedures. Most\nnarratives are prompted: I asked a speaker whether they could talk about\nwhen they went fishing, about how to make a canoe, or to tell me a tale.\nWhile some are quite directed, such as the plant medicine videos where\nspeakers hold up specimens of plants and explain how they are used in\nmedicine, others are very naturalistic examples of narratives which\nroughly stick to the theme I requested, but where the topic is filled in\nfreely by the narrator. Conversations are recordings with two people\nengaging in a conversation. Most of these were prompted: I would ask\nsomeone to explain how to make a basket to someone else, to talk with\ntheir friend about cooking with vegetables or about making medicine with\nroots, or to discuss the most recent funeral. I judge these to be very\nnaturalistic, with the speakers often trailing off from the requested\ntopic and just chatting along. Two long recordings are completely\nunprompted: a kitchen conversation between two grandmothers\n([conv12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BBD-5)) and a\nliving room conversation between two mothers\n([conv9](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9F-F)). I have\nnot attempted to record with more than two main speakers, although a\nthird or fourth speaker sometimes makes a guest appearance in a\nrecording. Examples used in this study taken from video-recorded\nnaturalistic data are tagged as ‘stim’, ‘narr’ and ‘conv’, respectively,\nfollowed by a running number and a time stamp indicating where in the\nrecording the utterance can be found. An example of each is given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbal se sor=at koraru\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bite\n‘The dog has bitten the fish.’ <span id=\"exe:tri\"\nlabel=\"exe:tri\"></span> mu kiem\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> run\n‘They run.’ <span id=\"exe:SV33\" label=\"exe:SV33\"></span> ma reitkon\npurap-i an=at kamat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> hundred\nfifty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nsend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘He sent me one hundred and fifty \\[thousand rupiah\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:kamatt\" label=\"exe:kamatt\"></span> \n</div> \nA list of the 104 naturalistic recordings in the corpus that are\ntranscribed and annotated can be found in the Appendix on page. More\ncontext can be found in the description of the recording in the corpus.\nA summary of the transcribed minutes and amount of words per recording\ntype is given in Table<a href=\"#tab:vidsum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:vidsum\">2.5</a>. An additional five hours of\nuntranscribed Kalamang speech can also be found in the corpus. \n<div id=\"tab:vidsum\"> \n\| type \| amt. \| hh:mm:ss \| words \|\n\|:---------------\|-----:\|---------:\|------:\|\n\| stimulus-based \| 32 \| 03:22:28 \| 11998 \|\n\| narratives \| 45 \| 06:21:02 \| 32422 \|\n\| conversation \| 27 \| 05:49:14 \| 25286 \|\n\| total \| 104 \| 15:32:44 \| 69706 \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSummary of naturalistic annotated recordings \n</div> \nTo get a better understanding of certain topics that seemed worth\ninvestigating or that did not yield clear enough data in the\nnaturalistic corpus, or to inform other people’s typological studies, I\nalso elicited data with the help of questionnaires and video stimuli. I\nused some questionnaires and video stimuli designed by others, but also\ndesigned roughly 70 tailor-made questionnaires myself, with the aim to\nfill in gaps from the naturalistic spoken corpus. These tailor-made\nquestionnaires can be found in the corpus with two-to-four-letter tags,\nsometimes supplemented with a two-digit indicator for a year or a\nrunning number. For example, ‘adj’ is a questionnaire about adjectives\nused in 2018, and ‘adj19’ is a questionnaire about adjectives used in\n2019. These questionnaires contain a mix of requests for translations\n(from Indonesian or Papuan Malay) and grammaticality checks of Kalamang\nsentences that I constructed, typically based on a similar example from\nthe corpus. Examples from these, as well as examples from data resulting\nfrom using other people’s questionnaires and video stimuli, are referred\nto in this study with the tag ‘elic’, followed by the corpus tag of the\nquestionnaire and the line number of the example. An example is\n(<a href=\"#exe:elicex\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:elicex\">[exe:elicex]</a>). Elicited examples are\nonly used when no naturalistic examples are available, or when\nnaturalistic examples do not illustrate the point clearly (for example,\nwhen there is no minimal pair available). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu pas sem=ten=at koup\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> woman\nafraid-<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj=obj</span> hug\n‘They hugged the scared woman.’ <span id=\"exe:elicex\"\nlabel=\"exe:elicex\"></span> \n</div> \nAn overview of the questionnaires, picture-matching tasks, picture\nstimuli and video stimuli designed by others that were used to collect\nKalamang data can be found on page. Some of these are classified as\nelicited material, while others are classified as naturalistic data and\nare referred to with the ‘stim’ tag. In this study, I sometimes make\nreference to the naturalistic spoken corpus, to oppose it to the\nelicited data – for example, when a certain construction type is only\nfound in the one and not in the other. Recordings in the naturalistic\nspoken corpus are also sometimes referred to as texts.[^24] Other\nexamples quoted in this study are marked as \\[overheard\\] or \\[dict\\].\nThe former are examples that I personally overheard. They are typically\ngreetings or other utterances that are highly frequent in daily life but\nthat have not made their way into the recorded corpus. In a very few\ninstances, they are utterances that I found interesting when I heard\nthem and which I noted down straight after. Examples quoted as \\[dict\\]\nare example sentences written by Fajaria Yarkuran for the dictionary\n(see §<a href=\"#sec:teachers\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:teachers\">[sec:teachers]</a>).\nTable<a href=\"#tab:examples\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:examples\">2.6</a> is an overview of the example\ntypes used in this study, and how they are referred to. \n<div id=\"tab:examples\"> \n\| type \| subtype \| tag example \| tag format \|\n\|:-------------\|:---------------\|:-----------------\|:-----------------------------------\|\n\| naturalistic \| stimulus-based \| \\[stim13_2:15\\] \| stim+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| narrative \| \\[narr45_23:04\\] \| narr+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| conversation \| \\[conv2_13:59\\] \| conv+running number_time stamp \|\n\| elicited \| \| \\[elic_wc_16\\] \| elic_questionnaire tag_line number \|\n\| naturalistic \| overheard \| \\[overheard\\] \| \|\n\| dictionary \| \| \\[dict_yuor\\] \| dict_lemma \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSources of examples used in this study \n</div> \nFor examples where I deem the linguistic or pragmatic context necessary\nto understand the example, or to understand the point the example\nillustrates, I have added information about the context of the example,\neither in the text preceding the example or in square brackets in the\nexample itself. Of course, this does not mean that a great many examples\ncould not have benefited from more information about the linguistic or\npragmatic context. To this end, I provide direct links to the corpus for\neach example so that the reader can inspect at least the linguistic\ncontext on their own. In the digital version of this grammar, the corpus\ntag that accompanies each example is clickable and leads to the bundle\npage that contains the relevant files. \nThe corpus also contains videos and pictures illustrating daily life in\nMas; a cultural questionnaire; recordings of music, prayer calls and\nsermons; pictures illustrating the natural world around Karas; and sound\nclips of words and phrases for phonetic and intonation analysis. All\ncorpus materials are accompanied by rich metadata, including a\ndescription of the contents, key words, genre, cross-references,\nlocation and, for the naturalistic recordings, extensive speaker\ninformation. Where possible, I have bundled recordings on a certain\ntopic together with supplementary materials such as pictures, such that\na narrative about the village’s last wedding is supplemented with\npictures of the wedding. A guide to the corpus with more details about\nits contents can be found in the corpus itself. \nAt a later stage, it would be good to supplement the corpus with\nrecordings that show code switching in addressing different audiences or\naddressees, to show more of the dynamic sociolinguistic context in which\nKalamang is spoken ,[^25] ritual and ceremonial language use, and songs\n.[^26] Certain formal genres, like public speeches or meetings, are not\nattested in the Kalamang speech community because of its status as a\nshifting language (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:socioling\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:socioling\">[sec:socioling]</a>)." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Unresolved uses of =ten", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "A clitic on the predicate =ten was introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:attr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:attr\">[sec:attr]</a> as an attributive marker, which\nalso functions as a relative clause marker\n(§<a href=\"#sec:relcla\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:relcla\">[sec:relcla]</a>). Besides these occurrences\nof =ten, several dozen examples in the natural spoken corpus cannot be\nanalysed as an attributively used predicate or as a relativiser. With\nthe data currently available I cannot arrive at a unified analysis for\nthem, which is why the clitic remains glossed as\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>. I briefly present some data here. \nThe clitic occurs several times on the manner demonstratives wandi\n‘like this’ and mindi ‘like that’ (the latter is illustrated in\nexample<a href=\"#exe:keweneko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:keweneko\">[exe:keweneko]</a>), following similative\nmarker =kap (example<a href=\"#exe:rombon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rombon\">[exe:rombon]</a>), and on the question word\ntamandi ‘how’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:manditen\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:manditen\">[exe:manditen]</a>). Another example, on\nthe verb pue ‘to hit’, is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:purenme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:purenme\">[exe:purenme]</a>). An analysis that might\nfit for part of the data, represented by these examples, is that of a\nsubordinate clause marker, expressing meanings like ‘since’, ‘as’ or\n‘after’. This potential reading is indicated in brackets in the\ntranslation. If this analysis is correct, the relativiser use of =ten\nis a specific example of this more general use. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan kewe neko=et me mindi=ten me eranun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> house\ninside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> cannot\n‘If I’m in the house (as it is like that) I can’t do it.\n<span id=\"exe:keweneko\" label=\"exe:keweneko\"></span> in opa rombongan\nbaran=ten=kap me tengguen=i koyet in se mengga kubirar=ka bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> group\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten=sim</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ngather=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>\ngraveyard=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go\n‘(When) we, that group, moved down, had all gathered, we went from there\nto the graveyard.’ <span id=\"exe:rombon\" label=\"exe:rombon\"></span>\nsayang tamandi=ten ma wandi pi nak=komahal\nnutmeg how=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> like_this\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> just=not_know\n‘Why (how come) is the nutmeg like this? We just don’t know.’\n<span id=\"exe:manditen\" label=\"exe:manditen\"></span> kaden-un metko\npue=ten me supaya tu=te di=metko=et bisa balama=te mindi naladur=et\nbisa\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nhit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> so_that\nhit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\ncan heat_in_fire=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> like_that\nmassage=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> can\n‘(When?) \\[you\\] hit the body there, so that hitting and putting it\nthere is possible, and heating in the fire and massaging is possible.’\n<span id=\"exe:purenme\" label=\"exe:purenme\"></span> \n</div> \nNot all examples can get a subordinate clause reading, however. The\nfollowing example shows =ten at the end of an utterance. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka nan=et me mesang=ten=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ndregs=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten=sim</span>\n‘If you eat, \\[it tastes\\] like dregs.’ nain plastik mindi\nlike plastic like_that\n‘Like plastic.’ ema\nmother\n‘Mother!’ \n</div> \n</div> \nA combination of =ten and =saet ‘all; only; exclusively’ is found in\nindefinite pronoun constructions. Both emphatic clitics, like ‘only’ and\nconstructions similar to non-specific free relative clauses, are\ncross-linguistically common in the expression of concessive conditionals\n, so it is possible that this is a use of the relative clitic =ten. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npi don kon se jien=ten=saet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> thing one\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>=only\n‘Whatever thing we obtain...’ set me memang tebonggan bes=ten=saet\nbait <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> true all\ngood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>=only\n‘The bait, to be honest, they are all good.’ \n</div>" } ], "index": 35, "level": "low_resource", "question": "The childen are picking Sakina's family's ambarella's, they are angry at them.", "split": "train" }
Mayor muawi koyet, ma kanggursau reba.	Mayor has finished eating, he's rinsing his mouth.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Mayor has finished eating, he's rinsing his mouth.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Mayor\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: bachelor\nKalamang translation: towari\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Mayor\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: for\nKalamang translation: untuk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"has\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: handpalm\nKalamang translation: tan laus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"has\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: harlequin shrimp\nKalamang translation: sairarar ladok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"finished\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: finish\nKalamang translation: koyet\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"finished\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: finished\nKalamang translation: habis; se koyet\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"eating\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sting\nKalamang translation: sie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"eating\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"he\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: The Netherlands\nKalamang translation: Beladar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"he\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"rinsing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: rinse\nKalamang translation: komurkomur; nasanggur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"rinsing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: rising tide\nKalamang translation: laur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"his\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like this\nKalamang translation: wandi; yuwandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"his\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: his wife\nKalamang translation: kieun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mouth\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mouth\nKalamang translation: kanggur; bol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mouth\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: rinse mouth\nKalamang translation: kanggursau\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Mayor\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor's machete is sharp.\nKalamang translation: Mayor sadawaun me kang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Mayor\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor ordered Salima's grandfather to make a window.\nKalamang translation: Mayora sirie Salima taraun jendela paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"has\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Malik has an illness in his veins.\nKalamang translation: Malik kaden kiesun ning.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"has\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's mother has sore lips.\nKalamang translation: Nabil emun bolkulun lalang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"finished\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Our rice is finished.\nKalamang translation: In pasaun se koyet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"finished\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The sugar is finished, what do we eat now.\nKalamang translation: Don iriskap koyet neba mindi muap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"eating\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's mother is heating banana leaves, she wants to make a \"lamet\".\nKalamang translation: Ruslan emuna imolat balare lamerat paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"eating\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm eating maize, my jaw is tired.\nKalamang translation: An ketelesat nara kanggusan nauware.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"he\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"he\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Kalamang broke his fast, he isn't fasting.\nKalamang translation: Kalamang me nasek ma tolasnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"rinsing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"rinsing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's mother and they are processing sea cucumbers at Kanastangan.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun mu Kanstanganggoa kibi paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"his\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends planted a girawar tree at the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu girawarat oskol owatko kawaya.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"his\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends live on the mainland over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu distrik owa gocie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mouth\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tuti and family go to the mountain to harvest nutmeg.\nKalamang translation: Tuti mu bo keleka ra sayangsara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mouth\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They come back from the mountain, they are hungry.\nKalamang translation: Mu kolaka bore yecie mu he muisese.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:comi\" label=\"sec:comi\"></span> Comitative =bon typically\nexpresses accompaniment. If both members of a pair are mentioned they\nare usually both marked with comitative =bon, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kiunbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiunbon\">[exe:kiunbon]</a>). When a dual pronoun is\nfollowed by a noun marked with =bon it refers to two people, not\nthree, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:konbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konbon\">[exe:konbon]</a>). The dual is in that case\nnot marked with the comitative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=bon kiun=bon pasar=ka=ta bo don jiet=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=com</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmarket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo thing buy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He and his wife want to go to the market to buy things.’\n<span id=\"exe:kiunbon\" label=\"exe:kiunbon\"></span> terus ter-nan=i koyet\ninier tamu kon=bon misis wis go_dung\nthen tea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du</span> guest\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> miss yesterday morning\n‘Then we finished drinking tea, me and a guest, miss, yesterday\nmorning.’ <span id=\"exe:konbon\" label=\"exe:konbon\"></span> \n</div> \nIf an inanimate accompanies an animate (typically someone bringing or\ncarrying something), only the inanimate is marked with =bon. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma hukat=bon mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nnet=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> come\n‘He is coming with the net.’ <span id=\"exe:hukatbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:hukatbon\"></span> \n</div> \nThe marker =bon is also used to express more abstract meanings, such\nas ‘with’ in ‘to be busy with work’ and ‘chat with’, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:karajangbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:karajangbon\">[exe:karajangbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:mebon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mebon\">[exe:mebon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum saerak sontum tok sibuk karajang=bon\nperson <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span> person still busy\nwork=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n‘There are no people, people are still busy with work.’\n<span id=\"exe:karajangbon\" label=\"exe:karajangbon\"></span> kiar opa me\nma ra canam me=bon garung\nwife <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=com</span> chat\n‘That wife, she went to chat with that man.’ <span id=\"exe:mebon\"\nlabel=\"exe:mebon\"></span> \n</div> \nIn object function, =bon must be followed by the object marker =at\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:bonat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bonat\">[exe:bonat]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma kaden-un=bon nakal-un=bon=at maling=i taikon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com=obj</span>\ntilt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> side\n‘He tilts his body and his head to one side.’ <span id=\"exe:bonat\"\nlabel=\"exe:bonat\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few corpus instances bon stands on its own, with the complement\nelided but retrievable from the context.\n(<a href=\"#exe:hebonbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hebonbon\">[exe:hebonbon]</a>) is taken from a\nconversation about how to prepare a dish with certain leaves. Speaker A\nmentions a coconut, whereupon speaker B says it should be grated and\nmixed with the leaves. Both the leaves and the coconut can be retrieved\nfrom the context, and so bon can stand on its own. This, and the fact\nthat =bon can be combined with other postpositions, suggests that it\nis slightly different from the other postpositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \npi (...) wat=at suon kawaren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\ncoconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> peel grate\n‘We peel and grate the coconut.’ se bon kir=et se bon\ncampur=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\ngrate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmix=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Grate \\[the coconut\\] with \\[the leaves\\], mix \\[the coconut\\] with\n\\[the leaves\\].’ <span id=\"exe:hebonbon\" label=\"exe:hebonbon\"></span> \n</div> \n</div> \nA homophonous dependent verb bon ‘bring’ is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcbon\">14.2.2</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:setok\" label=\"sec:setok\"></span> Kalamang has one\naspectual particle, se ‘already’, and one aspectual word, tok\n‘still; yet; first’. Both follow the subject NP. Se has an allomorph\nhe, which is usually used after vowels (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). This is not a watertight rule:\none does find se after vowels and (less commonly) he after\nconsonants. This suggests that se/he is developing into a clitic\n(which attaches to the subject NP). Because the form se or he is not\ncompletely predictable from the phonological context, I give both\nvariants as they are found in the corpus examples. I gloss se\n‘already’ as <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> for iamitive, which are\n“more or less grammaticalised markers that have functions shared by\n‘already’ and the perfect” .\n(<a href=\"#exe:se1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se1\">[exe:se1]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) illustrate the\nsyntactic position of se and tok, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npas opa me dudan-mur-un se mat panok∼panok\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ncousin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">kin.pl-3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\norder∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘That woman, her cousins already ordered him.’ <span id=\"exe:se1\"\nlabel=\"exe:se1\"></span> sayang-un tok kalom\\<lom\\>un\nnutmeg-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> still\nyoung\\<<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\\>\n‘Their nutmeg is still young.’ <span id=\"exe:tokstill\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokstill\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can have one of three meanings. The meaning ‘still’ is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) above. The meaning\n‘first’ is demonstrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokfirst\">[exe:tokfirst]</a>). When tok is\ncombined with a negated verb, it is translated as ‘yet’. Expressions\nwith the meaning ‘not yet’ are also known as nondums . \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok ecien=i kewe=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> first\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘First he went home.’ <span id=\"exe:tokfirst\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokfirst\"></span> pi taruot=et pi tok sampi=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> yet\narrive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘We are talking, we haven’t finished yet.’ <span id=\"exe:toksampi\"\nlabel=\"exe:toksampi\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can also be a free-standing negative answer (an interjection)\nmeaning either ‘still’ or ‘not yet’, depending on whether the question\ncontained a negative or not. Consider the contrast\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:stillschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:stillschool\">[exe:stillschool]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:notschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:notschool\">[exe:notschool]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> still go.to.school\n‘Do you still go to school?’ tok\nstill\n‘Yes \\[I still go to school\\].’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:stillschool\" label=\"exe:stillschool\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> yet\ngo_to_school=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Don’t you go to school yet?’ tok\nnot.yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:notschool\" label=\"exe:notschool\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:nakalcatok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nakalcatok\">[exe:nakalcatok]</a>) is taken from a\nstory about a black-haired monkey and a white-haired cuscus. The monkey\nasks the cuscus how to become white-haired. The cuscus then traps the\nmonkey in a narrow cage and puts him in the rising sea, whereupon the\nmonkey sees first his feet, then his belly, and then his entire body\nbecome lighter. The first tok in utterance B, an interjection,\ncontrasts with se ‘already’ in utterance A, and hence takes the\nnegative ‘not yet’ meaning. The second tok in answer B is an instance\nof the aspectual marker, here meaning ‘still’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan=at kahetmei eren-an se iren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nopen.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> white\n‘Release me, my body is white!’ o kusukusu toni tok nakal-ca tok\nkuskap=ta ime\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> cuscus say not_yet\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span> still\nblack=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘The cuscus says: “Not yet, your head is still black.”’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nakalcatok\" label=\"exe:nakalcatok\"></span> \n</div> \nIamitive se can often be translated with English ‘already’ or a\nperfect. In(<a href=\"#exe:seboet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:seboet\">[exe:seboet]</a>), the first se acts like\na perfect, while the second can be translated as ‘already’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:seboet\" label=\"exe:seboet\"></span> in se bo watko mu\ntoni wowa kain se bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say aunt\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘We went here, they said your aunt has (already) left.’ \n</div> \nSe is also used to make reference to (cultural) expectations (as is\nthe case in Malay usage/culture, see also ). One cannot ask ‘Are you\nmarried?’ or ‘Do you have children?’ without using se. In Kalamang,\nsince one is expected to marry and reproduce at some point, the use of\nse reflects this expectation.[^87] Likewise, the answer to these\nquestions cannot be ‘yes’ or ‘no’, but has to be se ‘already’ (plus at\nleast a repetition of the predicate and possibly also including a\nsubject) or tok ‘not yet’. An example is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:senamgon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:senamgon\">[exe:senamgon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka se namgon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmarried_female\n‘Are you married?’ tok\nnot_yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:senamgon\" label=\"exe:senamgon\"></span> \n</div> \nThese (cultural) expectations are also expressed through se for more\neveryday situations. In Maas, the village of the speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lampurse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lampurse\">[exe:lampurse]</a>), lights are\nautomatically turned on at 5:30PM. By using se with yuol ‘shine’,\nthe speaker expresses that an expected situation has occurred. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo se ginggir lampur se yuol\ncondition <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> late_afternoon lamp\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> shine\n‘It was late afternoon, the lamps were already on.’\n<span id=\"exe:lampurse\" label=\"exe:lampurse\"></span> \n</div> \nThe iamitive can also be used for changes of state, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sebotemun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sebotemun\">[exe:sebotemun]</a>), where a child has\ngrown up in the course of the story. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan bo lembaga nerun tumun-an se bo temun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go cell inside\nchild-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go big\n‘I went into prison, my child has grown up.’ <span id=\"exe:sebotemun\"\nlabel=\"exe:sebotemun\"></span> \n</div> \nFinally, iamitive se occurs in a fixed expression with koyet ‘to be\nfinished’ to indicate the end of a state or event, or of an entire\nstory. (<a href=\"#exe:pakuin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pakuin\">[exe:pakuin]</a>) narrates the building of a\nhouse. Se koyet is used to indicate that a day’s work is finished.\n(<a href=\"#exe:maraouk\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:maraouk\">[exe:maraouk]</a>) is the last utterance in\na story about a feast. The last events are listed (the serving and\nconsuming of tea and food), and then the story is closed off with se\nkoyet ‘the end’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntoni eh ma se me se koyet kasur=et eba paku=kin\nsay hey <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\ntomorrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\nnail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘\\[He\\] said: “Hey, that’s it, \\[we’re\\] finished, tomorrow we’ll nail.’\n<span id=\"exe:pakuin\" label=\"exe:pakuin\"></span> mu ter=at maraouk\nmuaw=at maraouk in ter-nan=i koyet muap=i koyet se koyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n‘They served the tea, served the food, we finished drinking tea,\nfinished eating, the end.’ <span id=\"exe:maraouk\"\nlabel=\"exe:maraouk\"></span> \n</div> \nThe two aspectual markers are compatible with negated or inherently\nnegative verbs (§<a href=\"#sec:lexicalneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lexicalneg\">[sec:lexicalneg]</a>), but change in\nmeaning. The aspectual markers have scope over the negation. The\naspectual word tok ‘still; yet; first’ can be combined with a negated\npredicate to form the meaning ‘not yet’, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokki\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokki\">[exe:tokki]</a>) (see\nalso<a href=\"#exe:toksampi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:toksampi\">[exe:toksampi]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:tokki\" label=\"exe:tokki\"></span> <span id=\"exe:tokna\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokna\"></span> ma tok nawanggar\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still wait\n‘He still waits.’ \n<span id=\"exe:tokbotnin\" label=\"exe:tokbotnin\"></span> Nyong esun\ntok bot=nin\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> yet\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Nyong’s father doesn’t go yet.’ \nWhen iamitive se is combined with a negative verb or negated\npredicate, it forms the meaning ‘not any more’. This is illustrated in\nexample(<a href=\"#exe:se\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se\">[exe:se]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:se\" label=\"exe:se\"></span> <span id=\"exe:inse\"\nlabel=\"exe:inse\"></span> in se mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> come\n‘We had already come.’ \n<span id=\"exe:heparuotnin\" label=\"exe:heparuotnin\"></span> ma se\nparuot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He won’t do it any more.’ \nTable<a href=\"#tab:setok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:setok\">15.1</a> shows the meanings associated with\nse and tok in affirmative and negative clauses. \n<div id=\"tab:setok\"> \n\| \| iamitive se \| nondum tok \|\n\|:------------\|:--------------------\|:------------------\|\n\| affirmative \| perfective; already \| still; yet; first \|\n\| negative \| not anymore \| not yet \|\n\| \| \| \| \nAspectual markers se and tok in affirmative and negative clauses \n</div> \nThe aspectual markers have scope over quantifiers and predicates.\nConsider (<a href=\"#exe:redai\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:redai\">[exe:redai]</a>), where negator =nin has\nscope over reidak ‘much’ and na ‘eat’, and tok has scope over\nboth. For a further description of the behaviour of quantifiers with\nrespect to the NP and the predicate, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:nmodqnt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nmodqnt\">[sec:nmodqnt]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok reidak-i nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> yet\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He hasn’t eaten much yet.’ <span id=\"exe:redai\"\nlabel=\"exe:redai\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Mayor has finished eating, he's rinsing his mouth.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Mayor muawi koyet, ma kanggursau reba.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Mayor muawi koyet, ma kanggursau reba.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Nouns, noun phrases and postpositional phrases", "Header 2": "Postpositions", "Header 3": "Comitative =bon ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>’", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:comi\" label=\"sec:comi\"></span> Comitative =bon typically\nexpresses accompaniment. If both members of a pair are mentioned they\nare usually both marked with comitative =bon, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kiunbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiunbon\">[exe:kiunbon]</a>). When a dual pronoun is\nfollowed by a noun marked with =bon it refers to two people, not\nthree, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:konbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konbon\">[exe:konbon]</a>). The dual is in that case\nnot marked with the comitative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=bon kiun=bon pasar=ka=ta bo don jiet=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=com</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmarket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo thing buy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He and his wife want to go to the market to buy things.’\n<span id=\"exe:kiunbon\" label=\"exe:kiunbon\"></span> terus ter-nan=i koyet\ninier tamu kon=bon misis wis go_dung\nthen tea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du</span> guest\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> miss yesterday morning\n‘Then we finished drinking tea, me and a guest, miss, yesterday\nmorning.’ <span id=\"exe:konbon\" label=\"exe:konbon\"></span> \n</div> \nIf an inanimate accompanies an animate (typically someone bringing or\ncarrying something), only the inanimate is marked with =bon. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma hukat=bon mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nnet=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> come\n‘He is coming with the net.’ <span id=\"exe:hukatbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:hukatbon\"></span> \n</div> \nThe marker =bon is also used to express more abstract meanings, such\nas ‘with’ in ‘to be busy with work’ and ‘chat with’, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:karajangbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:karajangbon\">[exe:karajangbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:mebon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mebon\">[exe:mebon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum saerak sontum tok sibuk karajang=bon\nperson <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span> person still busy\nwork=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n‘There are no people, people are still busy with work.’\n<span id=\"exe:karajangbon\" label=\"exe:karajangbon\"></span> kiar opa me\nma ra canam me=bon garung\nwife <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=com</span> chat\n‘That wife, she went to chat with that man.’ <span id=\"exe:mebon\"\nlabel=\"exe:mebon\"></span> \n</div> \nIn object function, =bon must be followed by the object marker =at\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:bonat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bonat\">[exe:bonat]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma kaden-un=bon nakal-un=bon=at maling=i taikon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com=obj</span>\ntilt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> side\n‘He tilts his body and his head to one side.’ <span id=\"exe:bonat\"\nlabel=\"exe:bonat\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few corpus instances bon stands on its own, with the complement\nelided but retrievable from the context.\n(<a href=\"#exe:hebonbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hebonbon\">[exe:hebonbon]</a>) is taken from a\nconversation about how to prepare a dish with certain leaves. Speaker A\nmentions a coconut, whereupon speaker B says it should be grated and\nmixed with the leaves. Both the leaves and the coconut can be retrieved\nfrom the context, and so bon can stand on its own. This, and the fact\nthat =bon can be combined with other postpositions, suggests that it\nis slightly different from the other postpositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \npi (...) wat=at suon kawaren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\ncoconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> peel grate\n‘We peel and grate the coconut.’ se bon kir=et se bon\ncampur=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\ngrate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmix=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Grate \\[the coconut\\] with \\[the leaves\\], mix \\[the coconut\\] with\n\\[the leaves\\].’ <span id=\"exe:hebonbon\" label=\"exe:hebonbon\"></span> \n</div> \n</div> \nA homophonous dependent verb bon ‘bring’ is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcbon\">14.2.2</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Mood, aspect and modality marking", "Header 3": "Aspect", "Header 4": "Iamitive se ‘already’ and nondum tok ‘still; yet; first’" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:setok\" label=\"sec:setok\"></span> Kalamang has one\naspectual particle, se ‘already’, and one aspectual word, tok\n‘still; yet; first’. Both follow the subject NP. Se has an allomorph\nhe, which is usually used after vowels (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). This is not a watertight rule:\none does find se after vowels and (less commonly) he after\nconsonants. This suggests that se/he is developing into a clitic\n(which attaches to the subject NP). Because the form se or he is not\ncompletely predictable from the phonological context, I give both\nvariants as they are found in the corpus examples. I gloss se\n‘already’ as <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> for iamitive, which are\n“more or less grammaticalised markers that have functions shared by\n‘already’ and the perfect” .\n(<a href=\"#exe:se1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se1\">[exe:se1]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) illustrate the\nsyntactic position of se and tok, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npas opa me dudan-mur-un se mat panok∼panok\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ncousin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">kin.pl-3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\norder∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘That woman, her cousins already ordered him.’ <span id=\"exe:se1\"\nlabel=\"exe:se1\"></span> sayang-un tok kalom\\<lom\\>un\nnutmeg-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> still\nyoung\\<<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\\>\n‘Their nutmeg is still young.’ <span id=\"exe:tokstill\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokstill\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can have one of three meanings. The meaning ‘still’ is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) above. The meaning\n‘first’ is demonstrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokfirst\">[exe:tokfirst]</a>). When tok is\ncombined with a negated verb, it is translated as ‘yet’. Expressions\nwith the meaning ‘not yet’ are also known as nondums . \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok ecien=i kewe=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> first\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘First he went home.’ <span id=\"exe:tokfirst\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokfirst\"></span> pi taruot=et pi tok sampi=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> yet\narrive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘We are talking, we haven’t finished yet.’ <span id=\"exe:toksampi\"\nlabel=\"exe:toksampi\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can also be a free-standing negative answer (an interjection)\nmeaning either ‘still’ or ‘not yet’, depending on whether the question\ncontained a negative or not. Consider the contrast\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:stillschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:stillschool\">[exe:stillschool]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:notschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:notschool\">[exe:notschool]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> still go.to.school\n‘Do you still go to school?’ tok\nstill\n‘Yes \\[I still go to school\\].’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:stillschool\" label=\"exe:stillschool\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> yet\ngo_to_school=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Don’t you go to school yet?’ tok\nnot.yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:notschool\" label=\"exe:notschool\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:nakalcatok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nakalcatok\">[exe:nakalcatok]</a>) is taken from a\nstory about a black-haired monkey and a white-haired cuscus. The monkey\nasks the cuscus how to become white-haired. The cuscus then traps the\nmonkey in a narrow cage and puts him in the rising sea, whereupon the\nmonkey sees first his feet, then his belly, and then his entire body\nbecome lighter. The first tok in utterance B, an interjection,\ncontrasts with se ‘already’ in utterance A, and hence takes the\nnegative ‘not yet’ meaning. The second tok in answer B is an instance\nof the aspectual marker, here meaning ‘still’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan=at kahetmei eren-an se iren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nopen.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> white\n‘Release me, my body is white!’ o kusukusu toni tok nakal-ca tok\nkuskap=ta ime\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> cuscus say not_yet\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span> still\nblack=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘The cuscus says: “Not yet, your head is still black.”’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nakalcatok\" label=\"exe:nakalcatok\"></span> \n</div> \nIamitive se can often be translated with English ‘already’ or a\nperfect. In(<a href=\"#exe:seboet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:seboet\">[exe:seboet]</a>), the first se acts like\na perfect, while the second can be translated as ‘already’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:seboet\" label=\"exe:seboet\"></span> in se bo watko mu\ntoni wowa kain se bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say aunt\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘We went here, they said your aunt has (already) left.’ \n</div> \nSe is also used to make reference to (cultural) expectations (as is\nthe case in Malay usage/culture, see also ). One cannot ask ‘Are you\nmarried?’ or ‘Do you have children?’ without using se. In Kalamang,\nsince one is expected to marry and reproduce at some point, the use of\nse reflects this expectation.[^87] Likewise, the answer to these\nquestions cannot be ‘yes’ or ‘no’, but has to be se ‘already’ (plus at\nleast a repetition of the predicate and possibly also including a\nsubject) or tok ‘not yet’. An example is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:senamgon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:senamgon\">[exe:senamgon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka se namgon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmarried_female\n‘Are you married?’ tok\nnot_yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:senamgon\" label=\"exe:senamgon\"></span> \n</div> \nThese (cultural) expectations are also expressed through se for more\neveryday situations. In Maas, the village of the speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lampurse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lampurse\">[exe:lampurse]</a>), lights are\nautomatically turned on at 5:30PM. By using se with yuol ‘shine’,\nthe speaker expresses that an expected situation has occurred. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo se ginggir lampur se yuol\ncondition <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> late_afternoon lamp\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> shine\n‘It was late afternoon, the lamps were already on.’\n<span id=\"exe:lampurse\" label=\"exe:lampurse\"></span> \n</div> \nThe iamitive can also be used for changes of state, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sebotemun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sebotemun\">[exe:sebotemun]</a>), where a child has\ngrown up in the course of the story. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan bo lembaga nerun tumun-an se bo temun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go cell inside\nchild-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go big\n‘I went into prison, my child has grown up.’ <span id=\"exe:sebotemun\"\nlabel=\"exe:sebotemun\"></span> \n</div> \nFinally, iamitive se occurs in a fixed expression with koyet ‘to be\nfinished’ to indicate the end of a state or event, or of an entire\nstory. (<a href=\"#exe:pakuin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pakuin\">[exe:pakuin]</a>) narrates the building of a\nhouse. Se koyet is used to indicate that a day’s work is finished.\n(<a href=\"#exe:maraouk\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:maraouk\">[exe:maraouk]</a>) is the last utterance in\na story about a feast. The last events are listed (the serving and\nconsuming of tea and food), and then the story is closed off with se\nkoyet ‘the end’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntoni eh ma se me se koyet kasur=et eba paku=kin\nsay hey <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\ntomorrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\nnail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘\\[He\\] said: “Hey, that’s it, \\[we’re\\] finished, tomorrow we’ll nail.’\n<span id=\"exe:pakuin\" label=\"exe:pakuin\"></span> mu ter=at maraouk\nmuaw=at maraouk in ter-nan=i koyet muap=i koyet se koyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n‘They served the tea, served the food, we finished drinking tea,\nfinished eating, the end.’ <span id=\"exe:maraouk\"\nlabel=\"exe:maraouk\"></span> \n</div> \nThe two aspectual markers are compatible with negated or inherently\nnegative verbs (§<a href=\"#sec:lexicalneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lexicalneg\">[sec:lexicalneg]</a>), but change in\nmeaning. The aspectual markers have scope over the negation. The\naspectual word tok ‘still; yet; first’ can be combined with a negated\npredicate to form the meaning ‘not yet’, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokki\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokki\">[exe:tokki]</a>) (see\nalso<a href=\"#exe:toksampi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:toksampi\">[exe:toksampi]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:tokki\" label=\"exe:tokki\"></span> <span id=\"exe:tokna\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokna\"></span> ma tok nawanggar\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still wait\n‘He still waits.’ \n<span id=\"exe:tokbotnin\" label=\"exe:tokbotnin\"></span> Nyong esun\ntok bot=nin\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> yet\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Nyong’s father doesn’t go yet.’ \nWhen iamitive se is combined with a negative verb or negated\npredicate, it forms the meaning ‘not any more’. This is illustrated in\nexample(<a href=\"#exe:se\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se\">[exe:se]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:se\" label=\"exe:se\"></span> <span id=\"exe:inse\"\nlabel=\"exe:inse\"></span> in se mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> come\n‘We had already come.’ \n<span id=\"exe:heparuotnin\" label=\"exe:heparuotnin\"></span> ma se\nparuot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He won’t do it any more.’ \nTable<a href=\"#tab:setok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:setok\">15.1</a> shows the meanings associated with\nse and tok in affirmative and negative clauses. \n<div id=\"tab:setok\"> \n\| \| iamitive se \| nondum tok \|\n\|:------------\|:--------------------\|:------------------\|\n\| affirmative \| perfective; already \| still; yet; first \|\n\| negative \| not anymore \| not yet \|\n\| \| \| \| \nAspectual markers se and tok in affirmative and negative clauses \n</div> \nThe aspectual markers have scope over quantifiers and predicates.\nConsider (<a href=\"#exe:redai\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:redai\">[exe:redai]</a>), where negator =nin has\nscope over reidak ‘much’ and na ‘eat’, and tok has scope over\nboth. For a further description of the behaviour of quantifiers with\nrespect to the NP and the predicate, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:nmodqnt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nmodqnt\">[sec:nmodqnt]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok reidak-i nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> yet\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He hasn’t eaten much yet.’ <span id=\"exe:redai\"\nlabel=\"exe:redai\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 36, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Mayor has finished eating, he's rinsing his mouth.", "split": "train" }
Im me arun temun.	That banana tree is big.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: That banana tree is big.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"That\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chat\nKalamang translation: rer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"That\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: with that\nKalamang translation: minggi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"banana\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: banana leaf\nKalamang translation: imol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"banana\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: banana sap\nKalamang translation: im polun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tree\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tree trunk\nKalamang translation: ewun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tree\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: male tree\nKalamang translation: kumkum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"big\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: big bamboo type\nKalamang translation: saban\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"big\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"That\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person has a wide anus.\nKalamang translation: Som yumene kahamanpos luas.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"That\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person sells garlic, not onion.\nKalamang translation: Sontum me bawang iriskaptenara parin, bawang kerkap ge.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"banana\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many earthworms at the banana tree.\nKalamang translation: Im ewun me kalabet reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"banana\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's mother is heating banana leaves, she wants to make a \"lamet\".\nKalamang translation: Ruslan emuna imolat balare lamerat paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tree\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A parrot laid eggs in the tree hole.\nKalamang translation: Busbus kon ma ror poskoa amkeit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tree\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The cannonball tree broke and flew away.\nKalamang translation: Kai taul me parairte lele.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"big\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a big kerker tree at Mas.\nKalamang translation: Kerker aremun kon Masko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"big\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The basket has big holes, stick leaves to it.\nKalamang translation: Kiem ma me posposun temun, loloki nawolet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:opq\" label=\"sec:opq\"></span> <span id=\"sec:convquest\"\nlabel=\"sec:convquest\"></span> Content questions (also question-word\nquestions, wh-questions or information questions) are formed with the\nquestion words listed in §<a href=\"#sec:wcq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcq\">[sec:wcq]</a>. Question words occur in the\nsyntactic position of the argument they are replacing and are typically\nfocused with =a. Thus,\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nebaO\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nebaO\">[exe:nebaO]</a>), neba ‘what’ occurs in\nobject position, because that is the syntactic position that the\nquestion is after. In(<a href=\"#exe:whereLOC\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:whereLOC\">[exe:whereLOC]</a>), tamatko ‘where’\ncomes before the verb kos ‘to grow’, just as any locative would. And\nin(<a href=\"#exe:whoA\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:whoA\">[exe:whoA]</a>), naman ‘who’ occurs in\nsubject position. The question posed in the narrative\nin(<a href=\"#exe:whoA\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:whoA\">[exe:whoA]</a>) is not answered, whereas for\nthe other two examples the answer is also given. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nesun neba=at=a tanggo=ta yuwa\nfather.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\nhold=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘What is his father holding here?’ \nkarajang=at=a tanggo\nbasket.<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> hold\n‘\\[He’s\\] holding a basket.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nebaO\" label=\"exe:nebaO\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nror tamatko=a kos\ntree where=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> grow\n‘Where does the tree grow?’ ror kir-un=ko tanbes=ko\ntree side-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\nright_side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘The tree is on his side, on the right side.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:whereLOC\" label=\"exe:whereLOC\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnaman=a kat sirie\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span> follow\n‘Who follows you?’ <span id=\"exe:whoA\" label=\"exe:whoA\"></span> \n</div> \nA subtype of content questions are conventionalised questions Kalamang\nspeakers use to greet each other. Upon meeting each other outside or\npassing by someone’s house, one asks either ‘what are you doing’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:geo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:geo\">[exe:geo]</a>) or ‘where are you going/where\nare you coming from?’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:tamanggarabot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamanggarabot\">[exe:tamanggarabot]</a>). These\nquestions have the same syntax as normal content questions. To the\nquestion ‘what are you doing?’ one may either answer with a verb marked\nwith progressive =teba, or with the phrases ge o or ge mera,\nindicating that one does not want or feel the need to specify what one\nis doing. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:geo\" label=\"exe:geo\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnebara paruo\nwhat.<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj.foc</span> do\n’What are \\[you\\] doing?’ an muap=teba / ge o / ge_mera\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span> / nothing\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> / nothing\n‘I’m eating. / Nothing. / Nothing.’ \n</div> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:tamanggarabot\" label=\"exe:tamanggarabot\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tamangga=ta bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo\n‘Where are you going?’ \nka tamangga=ta mia/yecie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ncome/return\n‘Where are you coming/returning from?’ \n</div> \n</div> \nSee also §<a href=\"#sec:inittermconv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inittermconv\">[sec:inittermconv]</a> on the\ninitiation and termination of conversations.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:discme\" label=\"sec:discme\"></span>\n<span id=\"sec:clauseinme\" label=\"sec:clauseinme\"></span> Me is a topic\nmarker that follows either the NP/PP or the predicate. A topic marker is\nan “entity that the speaker identifies, about which information (...) is\nthen given” . It is the starting point of an utterance with presupposed\ninformation that is then commented on . When me follows a NP or PP,\nthe NP or PP is topicalised. When me follows the predicate, the whole\nclause is topicalised, for example by making it conditional. Anti-topics\n(specified or reactivated topics) are not marked morphologically, but by\nplacing the anti-topic at the right edge of the clause, as described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>. In the examples in this section,\nthe topicalised constituents are given within square brackets. \nMe can be used after a NP or PP to mark it as the topic in clauses\nwith a verbal (see <a href=\"#exe:metrans\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:metrans\">[exe:metrans]</a>,\n<a href=\"#exe:mepron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mepron\">[exe:mepron]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:mestat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mestat\">[exe:mestat]</a>), nominal (see\n<a href=\"#exe:menom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menom\">[exe:menom]</a>), quantifier (see\n<a href=\"#exe:mequant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mequant\">[exe:mequant]</a>) or locative (see\n<a href=\"#exe:meloc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meloc\">[exe:meloc]</a>) predicate, but is not\nobligatory in any of these contexts. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme buok=at kuru bara pier=ki bes to\nwoman Netherlands-woman <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbetel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bring descend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.in=ben</span> good right\n‘The Dutchwoman brought down betel for us, good, right?’ (Context:\nsubject is given but not recently mentioned.) <span id=\"exe:metrans\"\nlabel=\"exe:metrans\"></span> me an se kat percai=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nbelieve=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for you, I don’t believe you any more.’ <span id=\"exe:mepron\"\nlabel=\"exe:mepron\"></span> ki Tanggor=ka=ta rar \\[Tanggor\\] me\nmambon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nTanggor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span> Tanggor\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘You go to Tanggor, at Tanggor there are \\[fish\\].’ (Context: Tanggor is\ngiven, in this very example.) <span id=\"exe:mestat\"\nlabel=\"exe:mestat\"></span> me mungkin berupa jim\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> maybe be_a_form_of jinn\n‘That woman is maybe a kind of jinn.’ (Context: description of a\nvideo. The woman has been mentioned; this is a comment about her\nidentity.) <span id=\"exe:menom\" label=\"exe:menom\"></span> me eir\neh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntwo <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘These are two, right?’ (Context: learning to weave a basket, pointing\nat strips of material in the teacher’s hand.) <span id=\"exe:mequant\"\nlabel=\"exe:mequant\"></span> me kewe-un=ko\nchildren two <span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘Two children are in their house.’ (Context: frog story. Children have\nbeen mentioned; description of a new page in the book.)\n<span id=\"exe:meloc\" label=\"exe:meloc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe topic marker follows postpositions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:finbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:finbon\">[exe:finbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:komeneko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:komeneko\">[exe:komeneko]</a>). Topicalised objects\nlack object postposition =at\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bobmun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bobmun\">[exe:bobmun]</a>). The topic marker is\ntypically used following NPs or PPs that refer to given referents. It\ncan also topicalise a time adverbial\n(example<a href=\"#exe:ambun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ambun\">[exe:ambun]</a>). Another way to mark topics,\nwhich may be combined with topic marker me, is fronting of the\ntopicalised constituent (§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme nat=nin\nArifin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nMei=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nconsum=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Arifin and Mei don’t eat.’ <span id=\"exe:finbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:finbon\"></span> me lempuang-tumun wilak=ko me neko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> island-child\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> inside\n‘Here, the small island inside the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:komeneko\"\nlabel=\"exe:komeneko\"></span> <sub>Obj</sub> me Bobi emun=a kona\nchildren few <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Bobi\nmother=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> see\n‘A few children, Bobi’s mother saw \\[them\\].’ <span id=\"exe:bobmun\"\nlabel=\"exe:bobmun\"></span> kier Luis=bon \\[kasur\\] me bo\nsor-sanggara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span>\nLuis=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> go fish-search\n‘(As for) tomorrow, you and Luis go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:ambun\"\nlabel=\"exe:ambun\"></span> \n</div> \nMore seldomly, new participants are introduced with me. This is\nlimited to unimportant participants.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:sikank\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikank\">[exe:sikank]</a>), the cat is introduced; it\nis not mentioned thereafter, and is only used in the story as a prop to\ncreate a slightly threatening atmosphere. In examples of the type\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wameta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wameta\">[exe:wameta]</a>), where properties of\nreferents are described out of context, me is also used, often\ncombined with a demonstrative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme in=at tiri pareir\ncat one <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=obj</span> run follow\n‘A cat ran after us.’ (Context: a story about going to someone’s house,\nfirst mention of the cat.) <span id=\"exe:sikank\"\nlabel=\"exe:sikank\"></span> me tabusik\ntree <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> short\n‘This tree is short.’ (Context: no context, elicitation, transl. of\nMalay pohon ini pendek ‘this tree is short’.) <span id=\"exe:wameta\"\nlabel=\"exe:wameta\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few instances, me marks two referents in the same clause.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:anmed\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anmed\">[exe:anmed]</a>), the second instance of me\ncould alternately be analysed as a distal demonstrative (but would still\nbe topicalised because it is fronted), but\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lekop\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lekop\">[exe:lekop]</a>) the analysis seems untlikely\nto fit, as there is already a demonstrative modifying each noun.\nAnalysing me as a definite marker also does not fit, as it does not\nappear consistently on anaphoric definites (referents that have been\nmentioned in the text). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme \\[don\\] me ka an ∅=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nthing <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for me, and as for that thing, you didn’t give \\[it\\] to me.’\n<span id=\"exe:anmed\" label=\"exe:anmed\"></span> me \\[afokat opa\\]\nme kona\ngoat <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> avocado\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nsee\n‘That goat sees those avocados.’ <span id=\"exe:lekop\"\nlabel=\"exe:lekop\"></span> \n</div> \nMe is also very common after the predicate, topicalising the entire\nclause. In most cases, this predicate carries irrealis =et\n(§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>) or non-final =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMustafa esun toni \\[ka ruot=et\\] me kamun naun=saet=in\nMustafa father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\nearth=only=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n‘Mustafa’s father said if you go digging, don’t \\[bring\\] earth only.’\n<span id=\"exe:ruretme\" label=\"exe:ruretme\"></span> pulor opa \\[ka\ntu=ta\\] me tama-ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere-<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf \\[that\\] you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:pulor\" label=\"exe:pulor\"></span> newer=i\nkoyet, \\[mindi=ta\\] me mier se marua\npay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n‘After paying, they went seawards.’ <span id=\"exe:mindita\"\nlabel=\"exe:mindita\"></span> \n</div> \nThe combination of irrealis =et followed by me is also seen in\npre-posed topic constructions as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eiretme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiretme\">[exe:eiretme]</a>). This is an unusual way\nto present a topic: it is much more common to do so without =et. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme ma se taraouk\nkind_of_fish two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> store\n‘As for those two siadas, he had already stored \\[them\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:eiretme\" label=\"exe:eiretme\"></span> \n</div> \nTopic marker me is homophonous with distal demonstrative me, and has\nlikely developed from it. Demonstratives are known to develop into topic\nmarkers .[^93] They have also been shown to have clause-combining and\ndiscourse-structuring functions . The Kalamang process of\ngrammaticalisation is likely ongoing, judging by the various uses of\nme sketched in this section, and moving away from a demonstrative use,\njudging by its few occurrences as an ordinary exophoric demonstrative. \nThere are also a considerable number of occurrences of me at the\nbeginning of a clause, whose function cannot be determined based on the\ncurrently available data. There are various possible analyses: it can be\nshort for mera ‘then, so’, mena ‘later, otherwise’, it can be a\nfiller,[^94] or it can be a specific use of topic marker or distal\ndemonstrative me. The following four examples show two subsequent\nutterances each, where the second utterance starts with me. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu toni kasur yuwa=ba seng paku=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> want tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nroof nail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They want to nail the roof tomorow.’ me sobas=ta me di=saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\ndawn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘? in the morning, put \\[carry it\\] up.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmier se bara sabua nerunggo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndescend tent inside\n‘They go down into the tent.’ me mu mu=at bon taluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=obj</span> bring exit\n‘? they bring them out.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kor opa se duk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> leg\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbump_into\n‘They already bumped that leg into something.’ me mera kasian Rani\nemun toni ...\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> then anyway Rani\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n‘? then anyway, Rani’s mother said...’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan se mara ki perusahan=ka bot=kin=ta me\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\ncompany=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘I went to sea: “Are you going to the mainland \\[lit. to the\ncompany\\]?”’ me an se mara me eh suol-ca se bes o bes mera\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.quot</span>\nback-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n‘? I went to sea like: “How is your back?” “Oh fine, of course.”’ \n</div> \n</div> \nMuch remains to be investigated regarding the exact functions of\nKalamang me. For example, a more thorough analysis is needed to\nunderstand what guides the use vs. non-use of me with new and given\nreferents, with non-verbal predicates, and when combining clauses.\nAlthough me is one of the most frequent words in the corpus, which\nmeans there is a relative wealth of data available, the mechanisms that\nregulate its use seem quite refined, and a more sophisticated analysis\nis therefore outside the scope of this grammar.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: That banana tree is big.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Im me arun temun.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Im me arun temun.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "The clause", "Header 2": "Non-declarative clauses", "Header 3": "Interrogative clauses", "Header 4": "Content questions" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:opq\" label=\"sec:opq\"></span> <span id=\"sec:convquest\"\nlabel=\"sec:convquest\"></span> Content questions (also question-word\nquestions, wh-questions or information questions) are formed with the\nquestion words listed in §<a href=\"#sec:wcq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcq\">[sec:wcq]</a>. Question words occur in the\nsyntactic position of the argument they are replacing and are typically\nfocused with =a. Thus,\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nebaO\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nebaO\">[exe:nebaO]</a>), neba ‘what’ occurs in\nobject position, because that is the syntactic position that the\nquestion is after. In(<a href=\"#exe:whereLOC\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:whereLOC\">[exe:whereLOC]</a>), tamatko ‘where’\ncomes before the verb kos ‘to grow’, just as any locative would. And\nin(<a href=\"#exe:whoA\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:whoA\">[exe:whoA]</a>), naman ‘who’ occurs in\nsubject position. The question posed in the narrative\nin(<a href=\"#exe:whoA\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:whoA\">[exe:whoA]</a>) is not answered, whereas for\nthe other two examples the answer is also given. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nesun neba=at=a tanggo=ta yuwa\nfather.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\nhold=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘What is his father holding here?’ \nkarajang=at=a tanggo\nbasket.<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> hold\n‘\\[He’s\\] holding a basket.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nebaO\" label=\"exe:nebaO\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nror tamatko=a kos\ntree where=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> grow\n‘Where does the tree grow?’ ror kir-un=ko tanbes=ko\ntree side-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\nright_side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘The tree is on his side, on the right side.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:whereLOC\" label=\"exe:whereLOC\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnaman=a kat sirie\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span> follow\n‘Who follows you?’ <span id=\"exe:whoA\" label=\"exe:whoA\"></span> \n</div> \nA subtype of content questions are conventionalised questions Kalamang\nspeakers use to greet each other. Upon meeting each other outside or\npassing by someone’s house, one asks either ‘what are you doing’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:geo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:geo\">[exe:geo]</a>) or ‘where are you going/where\nare you coming from?’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:tamanggarabot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamanggarabot\">[exe:tamanggarabot]</a>). These\nquestions have the same syntax as normal content questions. To the\nquestion ‘what are you doing?’ one may either answer with a verb marked\nwith progressive =teba, or with the phrases ge o or ge mera,\nindicating that one does not want or feel the need to specify what one\nis doing. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:geo\" label=\"exe:geo\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnebara paruo\nwhat.<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj.foc</span> do\n’What are \\[you\\] doing?’ an muap=teba / ge o / ge_mera\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span> / nothing\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> / nothing\n‘I’m eating. / Nothing. / Nothing.’ \n</div> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:tamanggarabot\" label=\"exe:tamanggarabot\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tamangga=ta bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo\n‘Where are you going?’ \nka tamangga=ta mia/yecie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ncome/return\n‘Where are you coming/returning from?’ \n</div> \n</div> \nSee also §<a href=\"#sec:inittermconv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inittermconv\">[sec:inittermconv]</a> on the\ninitiation and termination of conversations." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Information structure", "Header 2": "Topic marker me", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:discme\" label=\"sec:discme\"></span>\n<span id=\"sec:clauseinme\" label=\"sec:clauseinme\"></span> Me is a topic\nmarker that follows either the NP/PP or the predicate. A topic marker is\nan “entity that the speaker identifies, about which information (...) is\nthen given” . It is the starting point of an utterance with presupposed\ninformation that is then commented on . When me follows a NP or PP,\nthe NP or PP is topicalised. When me follows the predicate, the whole\nclause is topicalised, for example by making it conditional. Anti-topics\n(specified or reactivated topics) are not marked morphologically, but by\nplacing the anti-topic at the right edge of the clause, as described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>. In the examples in this section,\nthe topicalised constituents are given within square brackets. \nMe can be used after a NP or PP to mark it as the topic in clauses\nwith a verbal (see <a href=\"#exe:metrans\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:metrans\">[exe:metrans]</a>,\n<a href=\"#exe:mepron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mepron\">[exe:mepron]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:mestat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mestat\">[exe:mestat]</a>), nominal (see\n<a href=\"#exe:menom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menom\">[exe:menom]</a>), quantifier (see\n<a href=\"#exe:mequant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mequant\">[exe:mequant]</a>) or locative (see\n<a href=\"#exe:meloc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meloc\">[exe:meloc]</a>) predicate, but is not\nobligatory in any of these contexts. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme buok=at kuru bara pier=ki bes to\nwoman Netherlands-woman <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbetel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bring descend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.in=ben</span> good right\n‘The Dutchwoman brought down betel for us, good, right?’ (Context:\nsubject is given but not recently mentioned.) <span id=\"exe:metrans\"\nlabel=\"exe:metrans\"></span> me an se kat percai=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nbelieve=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for you, I don’t believe you any more.’ <span id=\"exe:mepron\"\nlabel=\"exe:mepron\"></span> ki Tanggor=ka=ta rar \\[Tanggor\\] me\nmambon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nTanggor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span> Tanggor\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘You go to Tanggor, at Tanggor there are \\[fish\\].’ (Context: Tanggor is\ngiven, in this very example.) <span id=\"exe:mestat\"\nlabel=\"exe:mestat\"></span> me mungkin berupa jim\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> maybe be_a_form_of jinn\n‘That woman is maybe a kind of jinn.’ (Context: description of a\nvideo. The woman has been mentioned; this is a comment about her\nidentity.) <span id=\"exe:menom\" label=\"exe:menom\"></span> me eir\neh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntwo <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘These are two, right?’ (Context: learning to weave a basket, pointing\nat strips of material in the teacher’s hand.) <span id=\"exe:mequant\"\nlabel=\"exe:mequant\"></span> me kewe-un=ko\nchildren two <span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘Two children are in their house.’ (Context: frog story. Children have\nbeen mentioned; description of a new page in the book.)\n<span id=\"exe:meloc\" label=\"exe:meloc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe topic marker follows postpositions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:finbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:finbon\">[exe:finbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:komeneko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:komeneko\">[exe:komeneko]</a>). Topicalised objects\nlack object postposition =at\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bobmun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bobmun\">[exe:bobmun]</a>). The topic marker is\ntypically used following NPs or PPs that refer to given referents. It\ncan also topicalise a time adverbial\n(example<a href=\"#exe:ambun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ambun\">[exe:ambun]</a>). Another way to mark topics,\nwhich may be combined with topic marker me, is fronting of the\ntopicalised constituent (§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme nat=nin\nArifin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nMei=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nconsum=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Arifin and Mei don’t eat.’ <span id=\"exe:finbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:finbon\"></span> me lempuang-tumun wilak=ko me neko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> island-child\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> inside\n‘Here, the small island inside the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:komeneko\"\nlabel=\"exe:komeneko\"></span> <sub>Obj</sub> me Bobi emun=a kona\nchildren few <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Bobi\nmother=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> see\n‘A few children, Bobi’s mother saw \\[them\\].’ <span id=\"exe:bobmun\"\nlabel=\"exe:bobmun\"></span> kier Luis=bon \\[kasur\\] me bo\nsor-sanggara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span>\nLuis=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> go fish-search\n‘(As for) tomorrow, you and Luis go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:ambun\"\nlabel=\"exe:ambun\"></span> \n</div> \nMore seldomly, new participants are introduced with me. This is\nlimited to unimportant participants.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:sikank\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikank\">[exe:sikank]</a>), the cat is introduced; it\nis not mentioned thereafter, and is only used in the story as a prop to\ncreate a slightly threatening atmosphere. In examples of the type\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wameta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wameta\">[exe:wameta]</a>), where properties of\nreferents are described out of context, me is also used, often\ncombined with a demonstrative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme in=at tiri pareir\ncat one <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=obj</span> run follow\n‘A cat ran after us.’ (Context: a story about going to someone’s house,\nfirst mention of the cat.) <span id=\"exe:sikank\"\nlabel=\"exe:sikank\"></span> me tabusik\ntree <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> short\n‘This tree is short.’ (Context: no context, elicitation, transl. of\nMalay pohon ini pendek ‘this tree is short’.) <span id=\"exe:wameta\"\nlabel=\"exe:wameta\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few instances, me marks two referents in the same clause.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:anmed\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anmed\">[exe:anmed]</a>), the second instance of me\ncould alternately be analysed as a distal demonstrative (but would still\nbe topicalised because it is fronted), but\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lekop\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lekop\">[exe:lekop]</a>) the analysis seems untlikely\nto fit, as there is already a demonstrative modifying each noun.\nAnalysing me as a definite marker also does not fit, as it does not\nappear consistently on anaphoric definites (referents that have been\nmentioned in the text). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme \\[don\\] me ka an ∅=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nthing <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for me, and as for that thing, you didn’t give \\[it\\] to me.’\n<span id=\"exe:anmed\" label=\"exe:anmed\"></span> me \\[afokat opa\\]\nme kona\ngoat <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> avocado\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nsee\n‘That goat sees those avocados.’ <span id=\"exe:lekop\"\nlabel=\"exe:lekop\"></span> \n</div> \nMe is also very common after the predicate, topicalising the entire\nclause. In most cases, this predicate carries irrealis =et\n(§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>) or non-final =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMustafa esun toni \\[ka ruot=et\\] me kamun naun=saet=in\nMustafa father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\nearth=only=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n‘Mustafa’s father said if you go digging, don’t \\[bring\\] earth only.’\n<span id=\"exe:ruretme\" label=\"exe:ruretme\"></span> pulor opa \\[ka\ntu=ta\\] me tama-ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere-<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf \\[that\\] you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:pulor\" label=\"exe:pulor\"></span> newer=i\nkoyet, \\[mindi=ta\\] me mier se marua\npay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n‘After paying, they went seawards.’ <span id=\"exe:mindita\"\nlabel=\"exe:mindita\"></span> \n</div> \nThe combination of irrealis =et followed by me is also seen in\npre-posed topic constructions as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eiretme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiretme\">[exe:eiretme]</a>). This is an unusual way\nto present a topic: it is much more common to do so without =et. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme ma se taraouk\nkind_of_fish two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> store\n‘As for those two siadas, he had already stored \\[them\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:eiretme\" label=\"exe:eiretme\"></span> \n</div> \nTopic marker me is homophonous with distal demonstrative me, and has\nlikely developed from it. Demonstratives are known to develop into topic\nmarkers .[^93] They have also been shown to have clause-combining and\ndiscourse-structuring functions . The Kalamang process of\ngrammaticalisation is likely ongoing, judging by the various uses of\nme sketched in this section, and moving away from a demonstrative use,\njudging by its few occurrences as an ordinary exophoric demonstrative. \nThere are also a considerable number of occurrences of me at the\nbeginning of a clause, whose function cannot be determined based on the\ncurrently available data. There are various possible analyses: it can be\nshort for mera ‘then, so’, mena ‘later, otherwise’, it can be a\nfiller,[^94] or it can be a specific use of topic marker or distal\ndemonstrative me. The following four examples show two subsequent\nutterances each, where the second utterance starts with me. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu toni kasur yuwa=ba seng paku=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> want tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nroof nail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They want to nail the roof tomorow.’ me sobas=ta me di=saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\ndawn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘? in the morning, put \\[carry it\\] up.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmier se bara sabua nerunggo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndescend tent inside\n‘They go down into the tent.’ me mu mu=at bon taluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=obj</span> bring exit\n‘? they bring them out.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kor opa se duk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> leg\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbump_into\n‘They already bumped that leg into something.’ me mera kasian Rani\nemun toni ...\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> then anyway Rani\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n‘? then anyway, Rani’s mother said...’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan se mara ki perusahan=ka bot=kin=ta me\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\ncompany=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘I went to sea: “Are you going to the mainland \\[lit. to the\ncompany\\]?”’ me an se mara me eh suol-ca se bes o bes mera\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.quot</span>\nback-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n‘? I went to sea like: “How is your back?” “Oh fine, of course.”’ \n</div> \n</div> \nMuch remains to be investigated regarding the exact functions of\nKalamang me. For example, a more thorough analysis is needed to\nunderstand what guides the use vs. non-use of me with new and given\nreferents, with non-verbal predicates, and when combining clauses.\nAlthough me is one of the most frequent words in the corpus, which\nmeans there is a relative wealth of data available, the mechanisms that\nregulate its use seem quite refined, and a more sophisticated analysis\nis therefore outside the scope of this grammar." } ], "index": 37, "level": "low_resource", "question": "That banana tree is big.", "split": "train" }
An sanggara ba kibi saerak.	I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"looked\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: crooked\nKalamang translation: maulcie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"looked\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cooked\nKalamang translation: ruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"but\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: butterfly\nKalamang translation: pulpul\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"but\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: but\nKalamang translation: ba; tapi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"there\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"there\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: over there\nKalamang translation: owa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"were\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: where\nKalamang translation: tamatko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"were\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: up there\nKalamang translation: osatko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"no\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: not know\nKalamang translation: komahal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"no\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: no\nKalamang translation: ge\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sea\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sea fern\nKalamang translation: sere kokokteng\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sea\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sea current\nKalamang translation: paisor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cucumbers\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: leopard sea cucumber\nKalamang translation: sikasika\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cucumbers\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: k.o. sea cucumber\nKalamang translation: sarsar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I have nits.\nKalamang translation: Anan mun sunsun mambon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"looked\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: (If) I look at food I already feel full.\nKalamang translation: An muawat komera an se narasa kabor.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"looked\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Fit cooked rice (but) it's undercooked.\nKalamang translation: Fit pasat kuarta kangguar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"but\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: This day, it was already late afternoon but the lamps weren't lighted.\nKalamang translation: Yuol wa me go he girgir lampur tok yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"but\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to dry clothes but it's cloudy.\nKalamang translation: An dodonara masatkin ba go git git.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"there\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Is there fish or not?\nKalamang translation: Sor mambon ye saerak?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"there\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"were\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They kindled a fire and there were many embers.\nKalamang translation: Mu dinat upta din songsong reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"were\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We were boiling water and the fire burnt the fireplace.\nKalamang translation: In perlalangat kuarta didir din na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"no\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are no lontar palms here.\nKalamang translation: Naiar me watko saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"no\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are no horses here.\nKalamang translation: Lajarang watkoet saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sea\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sea\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's mother and they are processing sea cucumbers at Kanastangan.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun mu Kanstanganggoa kibi paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cucumbers\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They kindled a fire and there were many embers.\nKalamang translation: Mu dinat upta din songsong reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cucumbers\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's mother and they are processing sea cucumbers at Kanastangan.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun mu Kanstanganggoa kibi paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:syntel\" label=\"sec:syntel\"></span> In natural spoken\nKalamang, when retrievable from the context, either the subject or the\nobject may be elided, depending on which stays the same across clauses\nor utterances. \nAn example of subject elision is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:subel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:subel\">[exe:subel]</a>). The first clause contains\nboth subject and object. The object and predicate are repeated in the\nnext clause as an instance of tail-head linkage\n(§<a href=\"#sec:tailhead\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:tailhead\">[sec:tailhead]</a>). In the second and\nthird clause, the subject is elided. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMu he erat dimarua. Erat dimarua, kaiat disara.\nmu se et=at di=marua et=at di=marua kai=at di=sara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncanoe=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\ncanoe=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\nfirewood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘They moved the canoe towards the water. Moved the canoe towards the\nwater, put the firewood on.’ <span id=\"exe:subel\"\nlabel=\"exe:subel\"></span> \n</div> \nSubject elision is also possible when the subject has been mentioned by\nanother speaker. Consider the following dialogue, where speaker B\nresponds to speaker A eliding the transitive subject (the first response\nof speaker B) and the intransitive subject (the second response of\nspeaker B). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ntaman-un mat ajak=te kasi minuman\nfriend-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\ninvite=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> give drink\n‘His friends invite him, give him drinks.’ <span id=\"exe:A1\"\nlabel=\"exe:A1\"></span> mat nacoba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> try\n‘\\[They\\] try him’ <span id=\"exe:B1\" label=\"exe:B1\"></span> nacoba\nto ma toni ma se tobat\ntry <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nrepent\n‘Try, right, he says he repents.’ <span id=\"exe:A2\"\nlabel=\"exe:A2\"></span> tobat yor se koyet\nrepent true <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n‘\\[He\\] repents, true, finished.’ <span id=\"exe:B2\"\nlabel=\"exe:B2\"></span> \n</div> \n</div> \nIn procedural descriptions, the subject may be elided throughout the\nwhole text, being generic or non-referential . Consider the beginning of\nthe monologue of a woman explaining how to weave baskets\nin(<a href=\"#exe:zeropro\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:zeropro\">[exe:zeropro]</a>). There is no subject,\nand throughout the whole explanation she does not introduce one. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:zeropro\" label=\"exe:zeropro\"></span> kiem=at paruot=kin\n... gous=at potman\nbasket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span> ...\nbamboo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> cut\n‘Making a basket. \\[One\\] cuts the bamboo.’ \n</div> \nThe first-person inclusive pronoun also occurs in a generic sense. In\nsome stretches of discourse, it occurs once every now and then, being\nleft out for a few clauses in a row, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:genericwe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:genericwe\">[exe:genericwe]</a>), a description of\nhow traditional houses were built. Here, pi ‘we’ does not refer to a\nspecific group of people building a house on a specific occasion, but is\na generic pronoun referring to whoever used to build houses the\ntraditional way. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:genericwe\" label=\"exe:genericwe\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nKewe opa me pi he usar.\nkewe opa me pi se usar\nhouse <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> erect\n‘We erected that house.’ Usari koyet pi he mulai padenat usar,\nusar=i koyet pi se mulai paden=at usar\nerect=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> begin\npole=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> erect\n‘After erecting we started erecting the poles,’ terus larat napasan,\nterus lat=at napasan\nthen plank.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=obj</span> put.up\n‘then \\[we\\] put up the planks,’ \nkarena pak saerak karekia kanie.\nkarena pak saerak karek-ki=a kanie\nbecause nail <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\nstring-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins=foc</span> tie\n‘because there were no nails \\[we\\] tied with string.’ \n</div> \n</div> \nAn example of object elision is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:giergit\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:giergit\">[exe:giergit]</a>). The object, karek\n‘string’, is mentioned in the first clause and elided in the second. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMa kareat tolma to, ma giergi tolma.\nma karek=at tolma to ma gier=ki tolma\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nstring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> cut tight\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nteeth=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins</span> cut\n‘She cut string, right, she cut \\[it\\] with her teeth.’\n<span id=\"exe:giergit\" label=\"exe:giergit\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother example comes from a narrative of which the object is tobacco,\nbut only has tobacco in object position three times in the beginning,\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:tabai3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tabai3\">[exe:tabai3]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nSu tabaiat kasi kaluar, nene mu. Tabaiat kasi kaluarkan an me kan\ntabaiat kosomnin.\nsu tabai=at kasi kaluar nene mu tabai=at kasi kaluarkan an me\nkan tabai=at kosom=nin\nalready tobacco=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> make go_out\ngrandmother <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ntobacco=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> make go_out\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.mly</span>\ntobacco=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nsmoke=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Already got out the tobacco, grandmother and those. Got out the\ntobacco, you know, as for me, I don’t smoke, you know.’\n<span id=\"exe:tabai3\" label=\"exe:tabai3\"></span> \n</div> \nThroughout the rest of the story there is reference to tobacco, or\nspecific packages of tobacco that are introduced later, but the object\nis always elided. Object elision is not limited to narratives only; it\ncan occur anywhere in Kalamang discourse. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \njadi mu se kasi keluar=ta me\nso <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmake go_out=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘So they already got \\[the tobacco\\] out.’ kodaet koi sarat=et\nmayilma komet=et\none_more then ascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> flip\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Then one more came up, flipped \\[the tobacco\\] and looked \\[at\nit\\].’ an se kuru bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbring descend\n‘I brought \\[the tobacco\\] down.’ mu kasetma kasetman=i koyet mu se\nkies\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> open\nopen=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwrap\n‘They opened \\[the tobacco pouch\\], after opening \\[it\\], they\nrolled \\[a cigarette\\].’ mu se potman=i koyet mier yap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> divide\n‘After cutting \\[the tobacco pouch\\] they two divided \\[it\\].’ \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:negnonv\" label=\"sec:negnonv\"></span> Non-verbal clauses\nmay have a NP headed by a noun, a demonstrative or a quantifier as\npredicate, or a noun inflected with the locative or similative\npostposition (§<a href=\"#sec:nomclau\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nomclau\">[sec:nomclau]</a>\nto§<a href=\"#sec:sim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:sim\">[sec:sim]</a>). Locative and similative\npredicates can be negated with negator =nin. This also counts for\nadverbial demonstratives. Predicative NPs may be negated with negator\n=nin or with clause-final propositional negator ge. Possessive and\ndemonstrative clauses must be negated with propositional negator ge.\nQuantifiers are not negated. Not-having and negative existential clauses\nare made with negative existential verb saerak. \n(<a href=\"#exe:negloc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:negloc\">[exe:negloc]</a>) is a negated locative,\n(<a href=\"#exe:mengganin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mengganin\">[exe:mengganin]</a>) a negated lative\ndemonstrative, (<a href=\"#exe:inggonggonin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inggonggonin\">[exe:inggonggonin]</a>) a negated\nanimate locative, (<a href=\"#exe:wisenggap\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wisenggap\">[exe:wisenggap]</a>) a negated similative\nand (<a href=\"#exe:mindinin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mindinin\">[exe:mindinin]</a>) a negated manner\nadverbial. \n<span id=\"exe:negloc\" label=\"exe:negloc\"></span> ma ewun\nnaun-kit=ko=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nroot.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nsoil-inside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Its root is not inside the soil.’ \n<span id=\"exe:mengganin\" label=\"exe:mengganin\"></span> tete Manggan mu\ntok mengga=nin weinun\ngrandfather Manggan <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> yet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat=neg</span> too\n‘\\[I\\] haven’t yet been to grandfather Manggan’s either.’ \n<span id=\"exe:inggonggonin\" label=\"exe:inggonggonin\"></span> pengalaman\nkon yume sampi in=konggo=nin\nexperience one <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> until\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=an.loc=neg</span>\n‘That experience hasn’t reached us yet.’ \n<span id=\"exe:wisenggap\" label=\"exe:wisenggap\"></span>\nwise=kap=nin\nlong_time_ago=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim=neg</span>\n‘It’s not like it used to be.’ \n<span id=\"exe:mindinin\" label=\"exe:mindinin\"></span> mindi=nin\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘It’s not like that.’ \nClauses with a NP as predicate, typically clauses of proper inclusion or\nascriptive clauses, may be negated with negator =nin or with\npropositional negator ge.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:guruneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:guruneg\">[exe:guruneg]</a>). What the (pragmatic)\ndifference between the two constructions is remains for further\nresearch. \n<span id=\"exe:guruneg\" label=\"exe:guruneg\"></span> <span id=\"exe:guruge\"\nlabel=\"exe:guruge\"></span> dun-an me me guru ge\ncross.sex.sibling-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nteacher not\n‘That sibling of mine is not a teacher.’ \n<span id=\"exe:gurunin\" label=\"exe:gurunin\"></span> ma me guru=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nteacher=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He is not a teacher.’ \nPossessives and demonstratives in predicate function may not be negated\nwith negator =nin, but must be negated with propositional negator\nge. This is illustrated for possessive clauses\nin(<a href=\"#exe:posneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:posneg\">[exe:posneg]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:posneg\" label=\"exe:posneg\"></span> \nWhile the proposition ‘that stuff is mine’ is negated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:anggonge\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anggonge\">[exe:anggonge]</a>), non-possession (i.e.\nnot-having) is expressed with negative existential saerak. \n<span id=\"exe:nohouse\" label=\"exe:nohouse\"></span> tumtum-un\nsaerak\nchildren-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg.exist</span>\n‘We don’t have children.’ \nQuantifiers are not negated, but some have negative counterparts. The\nnegative counterpart of tebonggan ‘all’ is negative existential\nsaerak. The negative counterpart of reidak ‘much; many’ is reingge\n‘not much; not many’. The latter contains the (prenasalised) morpheme\nge ‘no(t)’. \nFinally, existential clauses are negated with negative existential\nsaerak. Examples(<a href=\"#exe:sorsaerak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sorsaerak\">[exe:sorsaerak]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:saerak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:saerak\">[exe:saerak]</a>) show existential negation.\nSaerak is the opposite of existential mambon, as shown in\nexample(<a href=\"#exe:mamsae\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mamsae\">[exe:mamsae]</a>). It is ungrammatical to\ncombine either mambon or saerak with negator =nin. Saerak has a\nslightly more differentiated use than mambon. For non-possession,\nsaerak is obligatory, whereas for affirmative possessive clauses\nmambon only stresses the presence of a possessed item, but is not\nnecessary to express possession. \n<span id=\"exe:sorsaerak\" label=\"exe:sorsaerak\"></span> sor saerak\nfish <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n‘There is no fish.’ \n<span id=\"exe:saerak\" label=\"exe:saerak\"></span> karena pak saerak\nkarek=ki=a kanie\nbecause nail <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\nstring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins=foc</span> tie\n‘Because there were no nails \\[we\\] tied with string.’\n<span id=\"exe:mamsae\" label=\"exe:mamsae\"></span> utkon kadok-un\nmambon utkon muin saerak\nsome cloth-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span> some\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n‘Some had their cloths, some didn’t have theirs.’ \nThe aspectual particle se ‘already’ and the aspectual word tok ‘yet;\nstill; first’ combine with saerak as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sesaerak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sesaerak\">[exe:sesaerak]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:toksaerak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:toksaerak\">[exe:toksaerak]</a>): they get the\nmeaning ‘not any more’ and ‘not yet’ respectively. \n<span id=\"exe:sesaerak\" label=\"exe:sesaerak\"></span> ma nan=et me me\ntadon se saerak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ncough <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n‘If they drink that, the cough disappears \\[is not anymore\\].’ \n<span id=\"exe:toksaerak\" label=\"exe:toksaerak\"></span> pitis tok\nsaerak\nmoney yet <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n‘The money isn’t there yet.’\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "An sanggara ba kibi saerak.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "An sanggara ba kibi saerak.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "The clause", "Header 2": "Variation in clausal structure", "Header 3": "Elision of arguments", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:syntel\" label=\"sec:syntel\"></span> In natural spoken\nKalamang, when retrievable from the context, either the subject or the\nobject may be elided, depending on which stays the same across clauses\nor utterances. \nAn example of subject elision is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:subel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:subel\">[exe:subel]</a>). The first clause contains\nboth subject and object. The object and predicate are repeated in the\nnext clause as an instance of tail-head linkage\n(§<a href=\"#sec:tailhead\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:tailhead\">[sec:tailhead]</a>). In the second and\nthird clause, the subject is elided. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMu he erat dimarua. Erat dimarua, kaiat disara.\nmu se et=at di=marua et=at di=marua kai=at di=sara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncanoe=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\ncanoe=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\nfirewood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘They moved the canoe towards the water. Moved the canoe towards the\nwater, put the firewood on.’ <span id=\"exe:subel\"\nlabel=\"exe:subel\"></span> \n</div> \nSubject elision is also possible when the subject has been mentioned by\nanother speaker. Consider the following dialogue, where speaker B\nresponds to speaker A eliding the transitive subject (the first response\nof speaker B) and the intransitive subject (the second response of\nspeaker B). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ntaman-un mat ajak=te kasi minuman\nfriend-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\ninvite=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> give drink\n‘His friends invite him, give him drinks.’ <span id=\"exe:A1\"\nlabel=\"exe:A1\"></span> mat nacoba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> try\n‘\\[They\\] try him’ <span id=\"exe:B1\" label=\"exe:B1\"></span> nacoba\nto ma toni ma se tobat\ntry <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nrepent\n‘Try, right, he says he repents.’ <span id=\"exe:A2\"\nlabel=\"exe:A2\"></span> tobat yor se koyet\nrepent true <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n‘\\[He\\] repents, true, finished.’ <span id=\"exe:B2\"\nlabel=\"exe:B2\"></span> \n</div> \n</div> \nIn procedural descriptions, the subject may be elided throughout the\nwhole text, being generic or non-referential . Consider the beginning of\nthe monologue of a woman explaining how to weave baskets\nin(<a href=\"#exe:zeropro\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:zeropro\">[exe:zeropro]</a>). There is no subject,\nand throughout the whole explanation she does not introduce one. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:zeropro\" label=\"exe:zeropro\"></span> kiem=at paruot=kin\n... gous=at potman\nbasket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span> ...\nbamboo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> cut\n‘Making a basket. \\[One\\] cuts the bamboo.’ \n</div> \nThe first-person inclusive pronoun also occurs in a generic sense. In\nsome stretches of discourse, it occurs once every now and then, being\nleft out for a few clauses in a row, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:genericwe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:genericwe\">[exe:genericwe]</a>), a description of\nhow traditional houses were built. Here, pi ‘we’ does not refer to a\nspecific group of people building a house on a specific occasion, but is\na generic pronoun referring to whoever used to build houses the\ntraditional way. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:genericwe\" label=\"exe:genericwe\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nKewe opa me pi he usar.\nkewe opa me pi se usar\nhouse <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> erect\n‘We erected that house.’ Usari koyet pi he mulai padenat usar,\nusar=i koyet pi se mulai paden=at usar\nerect=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> begin\npole=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> erect\n‘After erecting we started erecting the poles,’ terus larat napasan,\nterus lat=at napasan\nthen plank.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=obj</span> put.up\n‘then \\[we\\] put up the planks,’ \nkarena pak saerak karekia kanie.\nkarena pak saerak karek-ki=a kanie\nbecause nail <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\nstring-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins=foc</span> tie\n‘because there were no nails \\[we\\] tied with string.’ \n</div> \n</div> \nAn example of object elision is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:giergit\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:giergit\">[exe:giergit]</a>). The object, karek\n‘string’, is mentioned in the first clause and elided in the second. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMa kareat tolma to, ma giergi tolma.\nma karek=at tolma to ma gier=ki tolma\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nstring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> cut tight\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nteeth=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins</span> cut\n‘She cut string, right, she cut \\[it\\] with her teeth.’\n<span id=\"exe:giergit\" label=\"exe:giergit\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother example comes from a narrative of which the object is tobacco,\nbut only has tobacco in object position three times in the beginning,\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:tabai3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tabai3\">[exe:tabai3]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nSu tabaiat kasi kaluar, nene mu. Tabaiat kasi kaluarkan an me kan\ntabaiat kosomnin.\nsu tabai=at kasi kaluar nene mu tabai=at kasi kaluarkan an me\nkan tabai=at kosom=nin\nalready tobacco=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> make go_out\ngrandmother <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ntobacco=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> make go_out\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.mly</span>\ntobacco=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nsmoke=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Already got out the tobacco, grandmother and those. Got out the\ntobacco, you know, as for me, I don’t smoke, you know.’\n<span id=\"exe:tabai3\" label=\"exe:tabai3\"></span> \n</div> \nThroughout the rest of the story there is reference to tobacco, or\nspecific packages of tobacco that are introduced later, but the object\nis always elided. Object elision is not limited to narratives only; it\ncan occur anywhere in Kalamang discourse. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \njadi mu se kasi keluar=ta me\nso <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmake go_out=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘So they already got \\[the tobacco\\] out.’ kodaet koi sarat=et\nmayilma komet=et\none_more then ascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> flip\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Then one more came up, flipped \\[the tobacco\\] and looked \\[at\nit\\].’ an se kuru bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbring descend\n‘I brought \\[the tobacco\\] down.’ mu kasetma kasetman=i koyet mu se\nkies\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> open\nopen=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwrap\n‘They opened \\[the tobacco pouch\\], after opening \\[it\\], they\nrolled \\[a cigarette\\].’ mu se potman=i koyet mier yap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> divide\n‘After cutting \\[the tobacco pouch\\] they two divided \\[it\\].’ \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "The clause", "Header 2": "Negative clauses", "Header 3": "Negation in non-verbal clauses", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:negnonv\" label=\"sec:negnonv\"></span> Non-verbal clauses\nmay have a NP headed by a noun, a demonstrative or a quantifier as\npredicate, or a noun inflected with the locative or similative\npostposition (§<a href=\"#sec:nomclau\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nomclau\">[sec:nomclau]</a>\nto§<a href=\"#sec:sim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:sim\">[sec:sim]</a>). Locative and similative\npredicates can be negated with negator =nin. This also counts for\nadverbial demonstratives. Predicative NPs may be negated with negator\n=nin or with clause-final propositional negator ge. Possessive and\ndemonstrative clauses must be negated with propositional negator ge.\nQuantifiers are not negated. Not-having and negative existential clauses\nare made with negative existential verb saerak. \n(<a href=\"#exe:negloc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:negloc\">[exe:negloc]</a>) is a negated locative,\n(<a href=\"#exe:mengganin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mengganin\">[exe:mengganin]</a>) a negated lative\ndemonstrative, (<a href=\"#exe:inggonggonin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inggonggonin\">[exe:inggonggonin]</a>) a negated\nanimate locative, (<a href=\"#exe:wisenggap\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wisenggap\">[exe:wisenggap]</a>) a negated similative\nand (<a href=\"#exe:mindinin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mindinin\">[exe:mindinin]</a>) a negated manner\nadverbial. \n<span id=\"exe:negloc\" label=\"exe:negloc\"></span> ma ewun\nnaun-kit=ko=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nroot.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nsoil-inside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Its root is not inside the soil.’ \n<span id=\"exe:mengganin\" label=\"exe:mengganin\"></span> tete Manggan mu\ntok mengga=nin weinun\ngrandfather Manggan <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> yet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat=neg</span> too\n‘\\[I\\] haven’t yet been to grandfather Manggan’s either.’ \n<span id=\"exe:inggonggonin\" label=\"exe:inggonggonin\"></span> pengalaman\nkon yume sampi in=konggo=nin\nexperience one <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> until\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=an.loc=neg</span>\n‘That experience hasn’t reached us yet.’ \n<span id=\"exe:wisenggap\" label=\"exe:wisenggap\"></span>\nwise=kap=nin\nlong_time_ago=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim=neg</span>\n‘It’s not like it used to be.’ \n<span id=\"exe:mindinin\" label=\"exe:mindinin\"></span> mindi=nin\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘It’s not like that.’ \nClauses with a NP as predicate, typically clauses of proper inclusion or\nascriptive clauses, may be negated with negator =nin or with\npropositional negator ge.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:guruneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:guruneg\">[exe:guruneg]</a>). What the (pragmatic)\ndifference between the two constructions is remains for further\nresearch. \n<span id=\"exe:guruneg\" label=\"exe:guruneg\"></span> <span id=\"exe:guruge\"\nlabel=\"exe:guruge\"></span> dun-an me me guru ge\ncross.sex.sibling-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nteacher not\n‘That sibling of mine is not a teacher.’ \n<span id=\"exe:gurunin\" label=\"exe:gurunin\"></span> ma me guru=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nteacher=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He is not a teacher.’ \nPossessives and demonstratives in predicate function may not be negated\nwith negator =nin, but must be negated with propositional negator\nge. This is illustrated for possessive clauses\nin(<a href=\"#exe:posneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:posneg\">[exe:posneg]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:posneg\" label=\"exe:posneg\"></span> \nWhile the proposition ‘that stuff is mine’ is negated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:anggonge\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anggonge\">[exe:anggonge]</a>), non-possession (i.e.\nnot-having) is expressed with negative existential saerak. \n<span id=\"exe:nohouse\" label=\"exe:nohouse\"></span> tumtum-un\nsaerak\nchildren-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg.exist</span>\n‘We don’t have children.’ \nQuantifiers are not negated, but some have negative counterparts. The\nnegative counterpart of tebonggan ‘all’ is negative existential\nsaerak. The negative counterpart of reidak ‘much; many’ is reingge\n‘not much; not many’. The latter contains the (prenasalised) morpheme\nge ‘no(t)’. \nFinally, existential clauses are negated with negative existential\nsaerak. Examples(<a href=\"#exe:sorsaerak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sorsaerak\">[exe:sorsaerak]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:saerak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:saerak\">[exe:saerak]</a>) show existential negation.\nSaerak is the opposite of existential mambon, as shown in\nexample(<a href=\"#exe:mamsae\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mamsae\">[exe:mamsae]</a>). It is ungrammatical to\ncombine either mambon or saerak with negator =nin. Saerak has a\nslightly more differentiated use than mambon. For non-possession,\nsaerak is obligatory, whereas for affirmative possessive clauses\nmambon only stresses the presence of a possessed item, but is not\nnecessary to express possession. \n<span id=\"exe:sorsaerak\" label=\"exe:sorsaerak\"></span> sor saerak\nfish <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n‘There is no fish.’ \n<span id=\"exe:saerak\" label=\"exe:saerak\"></span> karena pak saerak\nkarek=ki=a kanie\nbecause nail <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\nstring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins=foc</span> tie\n‘Because there were no nails \\[we\\] tied with string.’\n<span id=\"exe:mamsae\" label=\"exe:mamsae\"></span> utkon kadok-un\nmambon utkon muin saerak\nsome cloth-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span> some\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n‘Some had their cloths, some didn’t have theirs.’ \nThe aspectual particle se ‘already’ and the aspectual word tok ‘yet;\nstill; first’ combine with saerak as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sesaerak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sesaerak\">[exe:sesaerak]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:toksaerak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:toksaerak\">[exe:toksaerak]</a>): they get the\nmeaning ‘not any more’ and ‘not yet’ respectively. \n<span id=\"exe:sesaerak\" label=\"exe:sesaerak\"></span> ma nan=et me me\ntadon se saerak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ncough <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n‘If they drink that, the cough disappears \\[is not anymore\\].’ \n<span id=\"exe:toksaerak\" label=\"exe:toksaerak\"></span> pitis tok\nsaerak\nmoney yet <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n‘The money isn’t there yet.’" } ], "index": 38, "level": "low_resource", "question": "I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.", "split": "train" }
Tamandi emun kiwat semda bo dalangdalang.	Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Tamandi\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: speak Kalamang\nKalamang translation: Kalamangmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Tamandi\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: command\nKalamang translation: parenta\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: greatgrandmother\nKalamang translation: ninanus; tataninanus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mother\nKalamang translation: ema\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"was\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: wash face\nKalamang translation: kanggisawuo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"was\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: wasp\nKalamang translation: kier\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"afraid\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: braid\nKalamang translation: pakpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"afraid\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: afraid\nKalamang translation: sem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"of\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: falling of fruit\nKalamang translation: ruak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"of\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: smaller birds of prey\nKalamang translation: tanggal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"snake\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sea snake\nKalamang translation: sileng\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"snake\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: snake\nKalamang translation: kip\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"jumped\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: jump\nKalamang translation: dalang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"jumped\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: jump over\nKalamang translation: korabir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"around\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: look around\nKalamang translation: guanggarien\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"around\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fly around\nKalamang translation: pulpulkon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Tamandi\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi's father and family go push the canoe in the sea.\nKalamang translation: Tamandi esun mu bo erat kosiauri maruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Tamandi\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi is playing in the sea.\nKalamang translation: Tamandia pasierko kanggeit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother lost weight, she's small.\nKalamang translation: Saiilima emun kadenun tur, kaden cicaun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's mother and family are closing the roof of their house.\nKalamang translation: Nyong emun mu tok keweunat komanggangguop.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"was\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That day there was a lot of fish.\nKalamang translation: Yuol me sorat fakurat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"was\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother went fishing, her fishing line was entangled.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun bo warta nikaun kolkol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"afraid\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"afraid\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A parrot laid eggs in the tree hole.\nKalamang translation: Busbus kon ma ror poskoa amkeit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"of\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The top of the rice is still undercooked.\nKalamang translation: Pasa me keirun tok kangguar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"of\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Kiba's family have a lot of blossom with red flowers.\nKalamang translation: Kiba mu bunga arun bo reidak pusun kerkapten.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I saw Hidayat's father and family skin a deer.\nKalamang translation: An kona Hidayat esun mu rusat kawaruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That crow is making a nest in the coconut.\nKalamang translation: Goras yume eunara wat kerunggo paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"snake\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A snake circles Unyil's chicken.\nKalamang translation: Kip Unyil kokounat kokarap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"snake\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That snake is slithering up the tree.\nKalamang translation: Elteng me me gareni wiekerungga sara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"jumped\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Above the school there is red soil.\nKalamang translation: Naun kerkap sikola kerun me.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"jumped\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The divided the rice and there were leftovers.\nKalamang translation: Pasa jatat mu yapta tok naharen.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"around\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He ran aground first.\nKalamang translation: Ma borani narorik.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"around\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Hairul is steering the motor boat sailing around.\nKalamang translation: Hairul yonsongat kinkinde tiri naurar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nKalamang has a common and versatile topic marker me and two focus\nmarkers =a and =ba. The topic marker typically follows the NP or PP\nand the focus markers attach to the NP or PP. The most typical uses are\nillustrated here. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ncanam me me ma kip=at sem\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nsnake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> afraid\n‘As for that man, he is afraid of snakes.’ canam me me kip=at sem\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nsnake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> afraid\n‘That man is afraid of snakes.’ ka neba=at=a paruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> do\n‘What are you doing?’ \n</div> \nTopic and focus are described in\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:inf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:inf\">[ch:inf]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:verbred\" label=\"sec:verbred\"></span> Verbs can be\nreduplicated with several functions. Stative intransitive verbs are\nreduplicated to intensify their meaning. Other verbs are reduplicated to\nindicate habitual aspect, durativity (or maybe repetition) or\ndistribution. The formal aspects of reduplication are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:redup\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:redup\">[sec:redup]</a>. \nMost intransitive verbs may be intensified through a combination of\nreduplication and the use of enclitic =tun ‘very’. It is not attested\nwith transitive verbs. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmon ‘quick’ → monmontun ‘very quick’ yor ‘true’ → yoryortun\n‘very true’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:tun\" label=\"exe:tun\"></span> \n</div> \nStative intransitive verbs ending in -kap (colour terms) and -sik\nare partially reduplicated. An example of each is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sikkap\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikkap\">[exe:sikkap]</a>). This (rightward)\nreduplication may be combined with =tun ‘very’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ntabusik ‘short’ → tabusiksik ‘very short’ kerkap ‘red’ →\nkerkapkap ‘very red’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:sikkap\" label=\"exe:sikkap\"></span> \n</div> \nSome intransitive verbs are reduplicated leftward. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ntemun ‘big’ → temtemun ‘very big’ alus ‘soft’ → alalus ‘very\nsoft’ gawar ‘fragrant’ → gawagawar ‘very fragrant’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:alalus\" label=\"exe:alalus\"></span> \n</div> \nCicaun ‘small’ cannot be reduplicated in this way, but notice the\nother word for small: kinkinun, which looks to be analogous in form to\ntemtemun ‘very big’. Kinun, however, has no meaning in the\ncontemporary language. \nBoth transitive and intransitive verbs may be reduplicated to denote\nduration, repetition or progressive aspect\n(examples<a href=\"#exe:winyy\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:winyy\">[exe:winyy]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:paruopp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paruopp\">[exe:paruopp]</a>), or distribution\n(examples<a href=\"#exe:dalangd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dalangd\">[exe:dalangd]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:ciep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ciep\">[exe:ciep]</a> with distributive marker -p).\nAt least one verb, paruo ‘to do; to make’ can be used in a habitual\nsense (example<a href=\"#exe:paruop\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paruop\">[exe:paruop]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan se yal=i mengga bo karimun=at kuangi bo Mas=ko, winyal, metko\nwinyal∼winyal\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\npaddle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> go\ncape=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> pass go\nMas=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nfish∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘I paddled from there, passed the cape to go to Mas, and fished, there\n\\[I\\] was fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:winyy\" label=\"exe:winyy\"></span> mu\nyalyal ba menyanyi-un=at paruo∼paruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> paddle and\nsong.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly-3poss=obj</span>\nmake∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘They paddled making their song.’ <span id=\"exe:paruopp\"\nlabel=\"exe:paruopp\"></span> kamamual tumun opa dalang∼dalang=ta opa\nme\nneedlefish small <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\njump∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘That needlefish just jumped around there.’ <span id=\"exe:dalangd\"\nlabel=\"exe:dalangd\"></span> sontum se ecie-p∼cie-p\nperson <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr∼distr-distr</span>\n‘People were returning (one by one/in small groups).’\n<span id=\"exe:ciep\" label=\"exe:ciep\"></span> amdir=at=a\nparuo∼paruo\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\nmake∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">hab</span>\n‘gardening; work in the garden’ <span id=\"exe:paruop\"\nlabel=\"exe:paruop\"></span> \n</div> \nWhile duration and distribution or a combination of both are the most\ncommon functions of reduplicated verbs, there are a number of examples\nin the corpus that suggest other readings are possible.[^72]\nIstiraharearet in(<a href=\"#exe:harew\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:harew\">[exe:harew]</a>) could be interpreted as\n‘rest for a little’ (diminutive) or ‘rest for a while’ (durative,\nprogressive). Narasnaras\nin(<a href=\"#exe:narasn\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:narasn\">[exe:narasn]</a>) could mean ‘fight often’\n(repetitive) or ‘fight habitually’ (habitual), or ‘fighting’\n(progressive). Marmarmarmar\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mmmm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mmmm\">[exe:mmmm]</a>) could mean ‘walk a little’ or\n‘walk slowly’ (attenuative) or ‘walking’ (progressive). Konawaruowaruo\nin(<a href=\"#exe:knowa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:knowa\">[exe:knowa]</a>), where the conversation\npartners list traditional medicines that they know, could refer to\nforgetting some things (distributive?), or to slowly forgetting them\n(progressive? attenuative?). Kalomlomun\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lomlom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lomlom\">[exe:lomlom]</a>), derived from a stative\nintransitive verb, may mean ‘very young’ (intensification), ‘a little\nyoung’ (attenuative) or ‘some are young’ (distributive).\nGosomingosomin in(<a href=\"#exe:gosgos\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gosgos\">[exe:gosgos]</a>) could be an attenuative\n‘disappear a little’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan toni Nyong emun pier tok istirahare∼are∼t warkin tok bes=et eba\nmetko pi war=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say Nyong\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.in</span> first\nrest∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span> tide first\ngood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I said: “Nyong’s mother, we two rest first. First when the tide is\ngood, we go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:harew\" label=\"exe:harew\"></span> doa\nsupaya mier sanang=et mier hidup-un bes mu-mun naras∼naras=in\nprayer so_that <span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\nhappy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\nlife-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\nfight∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red=proh</span>\n‘A prayer so that they will be happy, they have a good life, \\[so that\\]\nthey don’t fight.’” <span id=\"exe:narasn\" label=\"exe:narasn\"></span> pi\nwilak yuwatko marmar∼marmar=et Nyong esun=at nawanggar=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> sea\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\nwalk∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\nwait=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘We walk to the sea over there \\[while we\\] wait for Nyong’s father.’\n<span id=\"exe:mmmm\" label=\"exe:mmmm\"></span> \nikon se konawaruo∼waruo ge\nsome <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nforget∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span> no\n‘Some \\[we\\] already forgot, didn’t we?’ <span id=\"exe:knowa\"\nlabel=\"exe:knowa\"></span> \nTima emun mu mu=nan muin teun reidak ba tok kalom∼lom∼un\nTima mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>=too\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> fruit many but still\nunripe∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘Tima’s mother’s family have a lot of fruits, but \\[they\\] are still\nunripe.’ <span id=\"exe:lomlom\" label=\"exe:lomlom\"></span> \nnasuena bolon baran pi-mun talalu pen=sawet=in o pen koi neba∼neba\ngosomin∼gosomin\nsugar little descend <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl-proh</span> too\nsweet=too=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> tasty then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph∼red</span>\ndisappear∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘Put in a little sugar, we shouldn’t make it too sweet, the tastiness\n\\[could\\] disappear.’ <span id=\"exe:gosgos\" label=\"exe:gosgos\"></span> \n</div> \nThere is one example of a pair composed of a transitive and an\nintransitive verb, where the latter is formed through reduplication. The\ntransitive verb carries ma-, which is found in some other derived\ntransitives (like masa ‘to dry in the sun’ from sa ‘to be dried’ and\nmaraouk ‘to put’ from taouk ‘to lie’). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmasarut ‘to tear’ → sarusarut ‘to be torn’ <span id=\"exe:sarus\"\nlabel=\"exe:sarus\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Tamandi emun kiwat semda bo dalangdalang.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Tamandi emun kiwat semda bo dalangdalang.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Short grammatical overview of Kalamang", "Header 2": "Topic and focus", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "Kalamang has a common and versatile topic marker me and two focus\nmarkers =a and =ba. The topic marker typically follows the NP or PP\nand the focus markers attach to the NP or PP. The most typical uses are\nillustrated here. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ncanam me me ma kip=at sem\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nsnake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> afraid\n‘As for that man, he is afraid of snakes.’ canam me me kip=at sem\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nsnake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> afraid\n‘That man is afraid of snakes.’ ka neba=at=a paruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> do\n‘What are you doing?’ \n</div> \nTopic and focus are described in\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:inf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:inf\">[ch:inf]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Verbs", "Header 2": "Reduplication of verbs", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:verbred\" label=\"sec:verbred\"></span> Verbs can be\nreduplicated with several functions. Stative intransitive verbs are\nreduplicated to intensify their meaning. Other verbs are reduplicated to\nindicate habitual aspect, durativity (or maybe repetition) or\ndistribution. The formal aspects of reduplication are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:redup\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:redup\">[sec:redup]</a>. \nMost intransitive verbs may be intensified through a combination of\nreduplication and the use of enclitic =tun ‘very’. It is not attested\nwith transitive verbs. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmon ‘quick’ → monmontun ‘very quick’ yor ‘true’ → yoryortun\n‘very true’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:tun\" label=\"exe:tun\"></span> \n</div> \nStative intransitive verbs ending in -kap (colour terms) and -sik\nare partially reduplicated. An example of each is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sikkap\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikkap\">[exe:sikkap]</a>). This (rightward)\nreduplication may be combined with =tun ‘very’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ntabusik ‘short’ → tabusiksik ‘very short’ kerkap ‘red’ →\nkerkapkap ‘very red’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:sikkap\" label=\"exe:sikkap\"></span> \n</div> \nSome intransitive verbs are reduplicated leftward. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ntemun ‘big’ → temtemun ‘very big’ alus ‘soft’ → alalus ‘very\nsoft’ gawar ‘fragrant’ → gawagawar ‘very fragrant’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:alalus\" label=\"exe:alalus\"></span> \n</div> \nCicaun ‘small’ cannot be reduplicated in this way, but notice the\nother word for small: kinkinun, which looks to be analogous in form to\ntemtemun ‘very big’. Kinun, however, has no meaning in the\ncontemporary language. \nBoth transitive and intransitive verbs may be reduplicated to denote\nduration, repetition or progressive aspect\n(examples<a href=\"#exe:winyy\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:winyy\">[exe:winyy]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:paruopp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paruopp\">[exe:paruopp]</a>), or distribution\n(examples<a href=\"#exe:dalangd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dalangd\">[exe:dalangd]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:ciep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ciep\">[exe:ciep]</a> with distributive marker -p).\nAt least one verb, paruo ‘to do; to make’ can be used in a habitual\nsense (example<a href=\"#exe:paruop\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paruop\">[exe:paruop]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan se yal=i mengga bo karimun=at kuangi bo Mas=ko, winyal, metko\nwinyal∼winyal\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\npaddle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> go\ncape=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> pass go\nMas=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nfish∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘I paddled from there, passed the cape to go to Mas, and fished, there\n\\[I\\] was fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:winyy\" label=\"exe:winyy\"></span> mu\nyalyal ba menyanyi-un=at paruo∼paruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> paddle and\nsong.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly-3poss=obj</span>\nmake∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘They paddled making their song.’ <span id=\"exe:paruopp\"\nlabel=\"exe:paruopp\"></span> kamamual tumun opa dalang∼dalang=ta opa\nme\nneedlefish small <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\njump∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘That needlefish just jumped around there.’ <span id=\"exe:dalangd\"\nlabel=\"exe:dalangd\"></span> sontum se ecie-p∼cie-p\nperson <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr∼distr-distr</span>\n‘People were returning (one by one/in small groups).’\n<span id=\"exe:ciep\" label=\"exe:ciep\"></span> amdir=at=a\nparuo∼paruo\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\nmake∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">hab</span>\n‘gardening; work in the garden’ <span id=\"exe:paruop\"\nlabel=\"exe:paruop\"></span> \n</div> \nWhile duration and distribution or a combination of both are the most\ncommon functions of reduplicated verbs, there are a number of examples\nin the corpus that suggest other readings are possible.[^72]\nIstiraharearet in(<a href=\"#exe:harew\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:harew\">[exe:harew]</a>) could be interpreted as\n‘rest for a little’ (diminutive) or ‘rest for a while’ (durative,\nprogressive). Narasnaras\nin(<a href=\"#exe:narasn\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:narasn\">[exe:narasn]</a>) could mean ‘fight often’\n(repetitive) or ‘fight habitually’ (habitual), or ‘fighting’\n(progressive). Marmarmarmar\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mmmm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mmmm\">[exe:mmmm]</a>) could mean ‘walk a little’ or\n‘walk slowly’ (attenuative) or ‘walking’ (progressive). Konawaruowaruo\nin(<a href=\"#exe:knowa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:knowa\">[exe:knowa]</a>), where the conversation\npartners list traditional medicines that they know, could refer to\nforgetting some things (distributive?), or to slowly forgetting them\n(progressive? attenuative?). Kalomlomun\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lomlom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lomlom\">[exe:lomlom]</a>), derived from a stative\nintransitive verb, may mean ‘very young’ (intensification), ‘a little\nyoung’ (attenuative) or ‘some are young’ (distributive).\nGosomingosomin in(<a href=\"#exe:gosgos\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gosgos\">[exe:gosgos]</a>) could be an attenuative\n‘disappear a little’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan toni Nyong emun pier tok istirahare∼are∼t warkin tok bes=et eba\nmetko pi war=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say Nyong\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.in</span> first\nrest∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span> tide first\ngood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I said: “Nyong’s mother, we two rest first. First when the tide is\ngood, we go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:harew\" label=\"exe:harew\"></span> doa\nsupaya mier sanang=et mier hidup-un bes mu-mun naras∼naras=in\nprayer so_that <span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\nhappy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\nlife-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\nfight∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red=proh</span>\n‘A prayer so that they will be happy, they have a good life, \\[so that\\]\nthey don’t fight.’” <span id=\"exe:narasn\" label=\"exe:narasn\"></span> pi\nwilak yuwatko marmar∼marmar=et Nyong esun=at nawanggar=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> sea\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\nwalk∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\nwait=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘We walk to the sea over there \\[while we\\] wait for Nyong’s father.’\n<span id=\"exe:mmmm\" label=\"exe:mmmm\"></span> \nikon se konawaruo∼waruo ge\nsome <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nforget∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span> no\n‘Some \\[we\\] already forgot, didn’t we?’ <span id=\"exe:knowa\"\nlabel=\"exe:knowa\"></span> \nTima emun mu mu=nan muin teun reidak ba tok kalom∼lom∼un\nTima mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>=too\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> fruit many but still\nunripe∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘Tima’s mother’s family have a lot of fruits, but \\[they\\] are still\nunripe.’ <span id=\"exe:lomlom\" label=\"exe:lomlom\"></span> \nnasuena bolon baran pi-mun talalu pen=sawet=in o pen koi neba∼neba\ngosomin∼gosomin\nsugar little descend <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl-proh</span> too\nsweet=too=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> tasty then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph∼red</span>\ndisappear∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘Put in a little sugar, we shouldn’t make it too sweet, the tastiness\n\\[could\\] disappear.’ <span id=\"exe:gosgos\" label=\"exe:gosgos\"></span> \n</div> \nThere is one example of a pair composed of a transitive and an\nintransitive verb, where the latter is formed through reduplication. The\ntransitive verb carries ma-, which is found in some other derived\ntransitives (like masa ‘to dry in the sun’ from sa ‘to be dried’ and\nmaraouk ‘to put’ from taouk ‘to lie’). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmasarut ‘to tear’ → sarusarut ‘to be torn’ <span id=\"exe:sarus\"\nlabel=\"exe:sarus\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 39, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.", "split": "train" }
Sontum me bawang iriskaptenara parin, bawang kerkap ge.	That person sells garlic, not onion.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: That person sells garlic, not onion.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"That\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chat\nKalamang translation: rer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"That\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: with that\nKalamang translation: minggi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"person\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: person\nKalamang translation: -et; som; sontum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"person\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: white person\nKalamang translation: guarten\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sells\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: gills\nKalamang translation: mesang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sells\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sell\nKalamang translation: parein\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"garlic\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: nutmeg garden\nKalamang translation: sayangar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"garlic\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: garlic\nKalamang translation: bawang iriskapten\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"not\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: not yet\nKalamang translation: tok; tok tok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"not\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: if not\nKalamang translation: get me\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"onion\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: onion\nKalamang translation: lawilawi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"onion\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: red onion\nKalamang translation: bawang kerkapten\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"That\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person has a wide anus.\nKalamang translation: Som yumene kahamanpos luas.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"That\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That betel leaf that you pounded, which side is it from, from the beach?\nKalamang translation: Pulor opa ka tura me tamabadok, oskadok?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"person\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person has a wide anus.\nKalamang translation: Som yumene kahamanpos luas.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"person\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person is suffering from scabies.\nKalamang translation: Som yume kapis mat na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sells\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Taros they sell at Fakfak: one heap fifty thousand (rupiah).\nKalamang translation: Manadu mu Pakpao parinda tumpuk konde ripi purap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sells\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mister Agus sells sarongs.\nKalamang translation: Bapak Agusa kadokparin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"garlic\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mustafa's father and family want to go to the garden, they are still waiting for Sakina.\nKalamang translation: Mustafa esun mu amdirga botkin mu tok Sakinat nawanggar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"garlic\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Granny Ruslan's grandmother and family planted maize in their garden.\nKalamang translation: Nina Ruslan taraun mu keteles kowaya amdirunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"not\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm lazy, I'm not going.\nKalamang translation: An jabul o, an botnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"not\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: In Gorom there are many clove trees, not so many nutmegs.\nKalamang translation: Walaka me cengki reidak, sayang me kurang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"onion\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alam's father works on the mainland overthere.\nKalamang translation: Alam esun gantor distrik owa karajang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"onion\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Abas's mother's family are making a garden on the cape with grass.\nKalamang translation: Abas emun mu kaman karimunggoa amdirat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:recp\" label=\"sec:recp\"></span> In a reciprocal clause, two\n(groups of) participants have a symmetrical relation to each other. That\nis, what counts for the one group or individual counts for the other\ngroup or individual, as in ‘they push each other’ . In Kalamang,\nreciprocal constructions are made with a verbal proclitic nau=. In\nthese constructions, the valency of the verb is typically reduced by one\nsuch that there is only a subject argument. The reciprocal proclitic is\nalso, but less commonly, used in distributive constructions, as\ndescribed at the end of this section. \nThe following examples illustrate simultaneous reciprocal actions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:nautabarak\" label=\"exe:nautabarak\"></span> mier\nnau=tabarak to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=crash right\n‘They crash into each other, right?’ in se tan nau=kinkin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> hand\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hold\n‘We already shake hands.’ <span id=\"exe:naukinkin\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukinkin\"></span> \n</div> \nIn the Reciprocal constructions and situation type field stimulus kit\n, which consists of short video clips that speakers are asked to\ndescribe, nau= was applied to events of hugging, chasing, hitting and\nexchanging where more than two people were acting upon each other in a\nunidirectional chain, pairwise, radially or mixed. The reciprocal\nproclitic is also used for asymmetrical actions, i.e. actions that one\ngroup or individual do(es) to another, but not vice versa (for example\none person shaking others’ hands, one person giving things to several\nothers, a person chasing another who is being chased by a third). It can\nalso be used for sequentially reciprocal events (like people hitting\neach other in turn).\n(<a href=\"#exe:naukosalir\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukosalir\">[exe:naukosalir]</a>) is the description\nof a clip (no. 21) of four people sitting at a table, giving each other\ndifferent items of food and drink. Each person gives and receives, but\nnot necessarily to and from the same person. The verb kosalir ‘to\nexchange’ retains its valency, but changes in meaning. In non-reciprocal\nconstructions, its object is replaced with another version of itself\n(another set of clothes, a part of the house when renovating, fresh food\non the table). In reciprocal constructions, the object changes owner but\nis not replaced. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu muap=at nau=kosalir\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=exchange\n‘They exchange food with each other.’ <span id=\"exe:naukosalir\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukosalir\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:naukoup\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukoup\">[exe:naukoup]</a>) describes a clip (no.\n16) where three people hug a fourth person sequentially. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu nau=koup\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hug\n‘They hug each other.’ <span id=\"exe:naukoup\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukoup\"></span> \n</div> \nSome verbs, when used in reciprocal constructions, take a more abstract\nmeaning. The verbs tu ‘to hit’ and sair ‘to shoot (with a gun)’ are\nused for expressing fighting or even war.\n(<a href=\"#exe:nausair\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nausair\">[exe:nausair]</a>) is about the Second\nWorld War, and(<a href=\"#exe:nautu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nautu\">[exe:nautu]</a>) describes picture 4 from the\nFamily problems picture task with angry-looking people drinking beer.\nOne person is touching another on the shoulder and another is raising\nhis fist but they are not actually hitting each other. While nausair\nis only attested in war contexts, nautu can also simply mean ‘hit each\nother’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwiseme Jepang=bon Amerika=bon nau=sair=ten\nlong_time_ago Japan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nAmerica=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=shoot=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n‘A long time ago, Japan and America were at war.’ <span id=\"exe:nausair\"\nlabel=\"exe:nausair\"></span> mu bir namabuk=teba nau=tu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> beer\ndrunk=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hit\n‘They’re drunk on beer, fighting.’ <span id=\"exe:nautu\"\nlabel=\"exe:nautu\"></span> \n</div> \nOther verbs that get a more abstract meaning when used reciprocally are\ntan nau=kinkin ‘hand <span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hold’, which\nmeans ‘to shake hands’, and nau=bes ‘to make up’, from bes ‘to be\ngood’. The latter is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:naubes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naubes\">[exe:naubes]</a>), which describes people\nmaking up after a fight. The intransitive verb bes is transitivised\nwith help of paruo ‘to make’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:caus\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:caus\">[sec:caus]</a>), and then reduced in valency\nagain with help of reciprocal nau=. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu paruo nau=bes\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> make\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=good\n‘They are making up.’ <span id=\"exe:naubes\" label=\"exe:naubes\"></span> \n</div> \nA verb that gets a more specific reading with nau= is komahal ‘to\nnot know’, which means ‘to not have encountered’ when inflected with the\nreciprocal. This is also valid where one of the parts is inanimate, such\nas the forest to which the speaker describes fleeing\nin(<a href=\"#exe:naukomahal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukomahal\">[exe:naukomahal]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka tamandi=a kiem=et, ka tamangga=ta, in se nau=komahal=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nflee=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=not_know=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘How could you flee, where? We had never encountered \\[that part of the\nforest\\] before.’ <span id=\"exe:naukomahal\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukomahal\"></span> \n</div> \nAt least one verb, munmun ‘to delouse’ (derived from mun ‘louse’)\ncannot be used with the reciprocal marker, regardless of whether the\naction is symmetrical or asymmetrical, simultaneous or sequential. \nReciprocal nau= is found on two nouns in the corpus. It is unclear\nwhether this is a productive process, but attaching reciprocal nau=\nappears to change these nouns into verbs with a meaning related to the\nnoun. The root kia- ‘same-sex sibling’ turns into nau=kia(ka) ‘to\nbe/have siblings’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:naukia\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukia\">[exe:naukia]</a>), and the root kahaman\n‘bottom’ turns into nau=kahaman ‘to be close to or touch each other’s\nbottoms’ (example<a href=\"#exe:naukahaman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukahaman\">[exe:naukahaman]</a>). (The example is\nfrom a picture-matching task with pictures of two building blocks.) \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma koi nau=kiaka mambon=ta (...)\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=be_sibling\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘He, then, has siblings \\[who\\] are there (...).’ <span id=\"exe:naukia\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukia\"></span> <span id=\"exe:naukahaman\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukahaman\"></span> \n</div> \nNau= is in a few cases used in a distributive sense.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:naunggang\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naunggang\">[exe:naunggang]</a>), it is prefixed to\ngang ‘to hang’ to talk about items hanging in a tree. It is\ndistributive in the sense that the items hang in different places.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:us\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:us\">[exe:us]</a>), it is used to describe a naked\nman. That example is distributive in the sense that the man’s penis is\nseen in movement, dangling from the body. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nse nau=gang\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hang\n‘\\[They\\] hung everywhere.’ <span id=\"exe:naunggang\"\nlabel=\"exe:naunggang\"></span> ma handuk=at jien=i koyet paruak=i kor\nkerunggo us nau=gang\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntowel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nthrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> leg on_top penis\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hang\n‘After getting a towel he threw it over his legs. His penis was\ndangling.’ <span id=\"exe:us\" label=\"exe:us\"></span> \n</div> \nOne corpus example suggests that reciprocal constructions may also be\nused to express the omnipresence or perhaps the duration of a feeling,\nsimilar to a distributive reading. The reciprocal proclitic is not\nattested with other bodily sensations, and a clear example illustrating\nthe meaning of layier ‘to itch’ without the reciprocal is lacking. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:naulaier\" label=\"exe:naulaier\"></span> kaden-un\nnau=layier=te\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=itch=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘His body is itchy.’ \n</div> \nLastly, the form nauleluk ‘to meet each other’ might be a lexicalised\nform of nau= and koluk ‘to meet’. \\[k\\] → \\[l\\] is not a synchronic\nmorphophonological process.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:names\" label=\"sec:names\"></span> Besides kinship terms,\npersonal proper names are a common strategy for non-pronominal reference\nand address. Because it is customary to avoid first names, most people\nare known by a variety of names. Names can be divided into three\ncategories: given names, nicknames and teknonyms. \nMost Kalamang speakers have an Arabic name as their given name. Some\nnon-Arabic names of community members are Erna, Sabtu (Malay ‘Saturday’)\nand Bini (Malay ‘wife’). I am not aware of any names that are regarded\nas Kalamang proper names. \nNicknames can be of many kinds, and can change throughout a person’s\nlifetime. Nicknames may be regular first names, such as Manto, which was\ngiven to a Kalamang speaker by visiting fishermen. Nicknames may also\noriginate in other entities, such as Mester, the name of the boat on\nwhich that person was born. One boy is called Kalamang, after the name\nof his people. Nicknames also commonly refer to someone’s place of\norigin, especially if they are the first or only person from that place:\nKei-ca stands for Kei-man Walaka-ca for Gorom-man. \nAs soon as someone becomes a parent, that person can be referred to and\naddressed with their teknonym (the name of their first child) followed\nby esun ‘father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ or emun\n‘mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. This is exemplified with\nNyong esun ‘Nyong’s father’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nyong\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nyong\">[exe:nyong]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNyong esun=a marua yuwa\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=foc</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘Nyong’s father comes towards sea here.’ <span id=\"exe:nyong\"\nlabel=\"exe:nyong\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen someone becomes a grandparent, the teknonym is usually replaced\nwith the name of the first grandchild, although the name of the first\nchild may also still be used. Someone can thus be known as ‘X’s\ngrandmother’ and ‘Y’s mother’ at the same time. For married people\nwithout children, the name of the spouse may be used: ‘X’s wife’, or\n‘Y’s husband’. If the spouse is not Kalamang, his or her name is\ngenerally avoided, and the person is referred to with a nickname.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: That person sells garlic, not onion.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Sontum me bawang iriskaptenara parin, bawang kerkap ge.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Sontum me bawang iriskaptenara parin, bawang kerkap ge.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Verbs", "Header 2": "Valency changing", "Header 3": "Reciprocal constructions", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:recp\" label=\"sec:recp\"></span> In a reciprocal clause, two\n(groups of) participants have a symmetrical relation to each other. That\nis, what counts for the one group or individual counts for the other\ngroup or individual, as in ‘they push each other’ . In Kalamang,\nreciprocal constructions are made with a verbal proclitic nau=. In\nthese constructions, the valency of the verb is typically reduced by one\nsuch that there is only a subject argument. The reciprocal proclitic is\nalso, but less commonly, used in distributive constructions, as\ndescribed at the end of this section. \nThe following examples illustrate simultaneous reciprocal actions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:nautabarak\" label=\"exe:nautabarak\"></span> mier\nnau=tabarak to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=crash right\n‘They crash into each other, right?’ in se tan nau=kinkin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> hand\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hold\n‘We already shake hands.’ <span id=\"exe:naukinkin\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukinkin\"></span> \n</div> \nIn the Reciprocal constructions and situation type field stimulus kit\n, which consists of short video clips that speakers are asked to\ndescribe, nau= was applied to events of hugging, chasing, hitting and\nexchanging where more than two people were acting upon each other in a\nunidirectional chain, pairwise, radially or mixed. The reciprocal\nproclitic is also used for asymmetrical actions, i.e. actions that one\ngroup or individual do(es) to another, but not vice versa (for example\none person shaking others’ hands, one person giving things to several\nothers, a person chasing another who is being chased by a third). It can\nalso be used for sequentially reciprocal events (like people hitting\neach other in turn).\n(<a href=\"#exe:naukosalir\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukosalir\">[exe:naukosalir]</a>) is the description\nof a clip (no. 21) of four people sitting at a table, giving each other\ndifferent items of food and drink. Each person gives and receives, but\nnot necessarily to and from the same person. The verb kosalir ‘to\nexchange’ retains its valency, but changes in meaning. In non-reciprocal\nconstructions, its object is replaced with another version of itself\n(another set of clothes, a part of the house when renovating, fresh food\non the table). In reciprocal constructions, the object changes owner but\nis not replaced. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu muap=at nau=kosalir\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=exchange\n‘They exchange food with each other.’ <span id=\"exe:naukosalir\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukosalir\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:naukoup\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukoup\">[exe:naukoup]</a>) describes a clip (no.\n16) where three people hug a fourth person sequentially. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu nau=koup\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hug\n‘They hug each other.’ <span id=\"exe:naukoup\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukoup\"></span> \n</div> \nSome verbs, when used in reciprocal constructions, take a more abstract\nmeaning. The verbs tu ‘to hit’ and sair ‘to shoot (with a gun)’ are\nused for expressing fighting or even war.\n(<a href=\"#exe:nausair\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nausair\">[exe:nausair]</a>) is about the Second\nWorld War, and(<a href=\"#exe:nautu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nautu\">[exe:nautu]</a>) describes picture 4 from the\nFamily problems picture task with angry-looking people drinking beer.\nOne person is touching another on the shoulder and another is raising\nhis fist but they are not actually hitting each other. While nausair\nis only attested in war contexts, nautu can also simply mean ‘hit each\nother’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwiseme Jepang=bon Amerika=bon nau=sair=ten\nlong_time_ago Japan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nAmerica=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=shoot=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n‘A long time ago, Japan and America were at war.’ <span id=\"exe:nausair\"\nlabel=\"exe:nausair\"></span> mu bir namabuk=teba nau=tu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> beer\ndrunk=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hit\n‘They’re drunk on beer, fighting.’ <span id=\"exe:nautu\"\nlabel=\"exe:nautu\"></span> \n</div> \nOther verbs that get a more abstract meaning when used reciprocally are\ntan nau=kinkin ‘hand <span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hold’, which\nmeans ‘to shake hands’, and nau=bes ‘to make up’, from bes ‘to be\ngood’. The latter is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:naubes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naubes\">[exe:naubes]</a>), which describes people\nmaking up after a fight. The intransitive verb bes is transitivised\nwith help of paruo ‘to make’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:caus\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:caus\">[sec:caus]</a>), and then reduced in valency\nagain with help of reciprocal nau=. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu paruo nau=bes\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> make\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=good\n‘They are making up.’ <span id=\"exe:naubes\" label=\"exe:naubes\"></span> \n</div> \nA verb that gets a more specific reading with nau= is komahal ‘to\nnot know’, which means ‘to not have encountered’ when inflected with the\nreciprocal. This is also valid where one of the parts is inanimate, such\nas the forest to which the speaker describes fleeing\nin(<a href=\"#exe:naukomahal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukomahal\">[exe:naukomahal]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka tamandi=a kiem=et, ka tamangga=ta, in se nau=komahal=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nflee=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=not_know=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘How could you flee, where? We had never encountered \\[that part of the\nforest\\] before.’ <span id=\"exe:naukomahal\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukomahal\"></span> \n</div> \nAt least one verb, munmun ‘to delouse’ (derived from mun ‘louse’)\ncannot be used with the reciprocal marker, regardless of whether the\naction is symmetrical or asymmetrical, simultaneous or sequential. \nReciprocal nau= is found on two nouns in the corpus. It is unclear\nwhether this is a productive process, but attaching reciprocal nau=\nappears to change these nouns into verbs with a meaning related to the\nnoun. The root kia- ‘same-sex sibling’ turns into nau=kia(ka) ‘to\nbe/have siblings’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:naukia\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukia\">[exe:naukia]</a>), and the root kahaman\n‘bottom’ turns into nau=kahaman ‘to be close to or touch each other’s\nbottoms’ (example<a href=\"#exe:naukahaman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naukahaman\">[exe:naukahaman]</a>). (The example is\nfrom a picture-matching task with pictures of two building blocks.) \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma koi nau=kiaka mambon=ta (...)\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=be_sibling\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘He, then, has siblings \\[who\\] are there (...).’ <span id=\"exe:naukia\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukia\"></span> <span id=\"exe:naukahaman\"\nlabel=\"exe:naukahaman\"></span> \n</div> \nNau= is in a few cases used in a distributive sense.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:naunggang\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naunggang\">[exe:naunggang]</a>), it is prefixed to\ngang ‘to hang’ to talk about items hanging in a tree. It is\ndistributive in the sense that the items hang in different places.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:us\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:us\">[exe:us]</a>), it is used to describe a naked\nman. That example is distributive in the sense that the man’s penis is\nseen in movement, dangling from the body. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nse nau=gang\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hang\n‘\\[They\\] hung everywhere.’ <span id=\"exe:naunggang\"\nlabel=\"exe:naunggang\"></span> ma handuk=at jien=i koyet paruak=i kor\nkerunggo us nau=gang\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntowel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nthrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> leg on_top penis\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=hang\n‘After getting a towel he threw it over his legs. His penis was\ndangling.’ <span id=\"exe:us\" label=\"exe:us\"></span> \n</div> \nOne corpus example suggests that reciprocal constructions may also be\nused to express the omnipresence or perhaps the duration of a feeling,\nsimilar to a distributive reading. The reciprocal proclitic is not\nattested with other bodily sensations, and a clear example illustrating\nthe meaning of layier ‘to itch’ without the reciprocal is lacking. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:naulaier\" label=\"exe:naulaier\"></span> kaden-un\nnau=layier=te\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=itch=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘His body is itchy.’ \n</div> \nLastly, the form nauleluk ‘to meet each other’ might be a lexicalised\nform of nau= and koluk ‘to meet’. \\[k\\] → \\[l\\] is not a synchronic\nmorphophonological process." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Non-pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "Names", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:names\" label=\"sec:names\"></span> Besides kinship terms,\npersonal proper names are a common strategy for non-pronominal reference\nand address. Because it is customary to avoid first names, most people\nare known by a variety of names. Names can be divided into three\ncategories: given names, nicknames and teknonyms. \nMost Kalamang speakers have an Arabic name as their given name. Some\nnon-Arabic names of community members are Erna, Sabtu (Malay ‘Saturday’)\nand Bini (Malay ‘wife’). I am not aware of any names that are regarded\nas Kalamang proper names. \nNicknames can be of many kinds, and can change throughout a person’s\nlifetime. Nicknames may be regular first names, such as Manto, which was\ngiven to a Kalamang speaker by visiting fishermen. Nicknames may also\noriginate in other entities, such as Mester, the name of the boat on\nwhich that person was born. One boy is called Kalamang, after the name\nof his people. Nicknames also commonly refer to someone’s place of\norigin, especially if they are the first or only person from that place:\nKei-ca stands for Kei-man Walaka-ca for Gorom-man. \nAs soon as someone becomes a parent, that person can be referred to and\naddressed with their teknonym (the name of their first child) followed\nby esun ‘father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ or emun\n‘mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. This is exemplified with\nNyong esun ‘Nyong’s father’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nyong\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nyong\">[exe:nyong]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNyong esun=a marua yuwa\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=foc</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘Nyong’s father comes towards sea here.’ <span id=\"exe:nyong\"\nlabel=\"exe:nyong\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen someone becomes a grandparent, the teknonym is usually replaced\nwith the name of the first grandchild, although the name of the first\nchild may also still be used. Someone can thus be known as ‘X’s\ngrandmother’ and ‘Y’s mother’ at the same time. For married people\nwithout children, the name of the spouse may be used: ‘X’s wife’, or\n‘Y’s husband’. If the spouse is not Kalamang, his or her name is\ngenerally avoided, and the person is referred to with a nickname." } ], "index": 40, "level": "low_resource", "question": "That person sells garlic, not onion.", "split": "train" }
An Elin Kalamangmangunara natulis.	I'm writing down Eline's Kalamang.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: I'm writing down Eline's Kalamang.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: month name\nKalamang translation: hajiwak; robaherpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: early morning\nKalamang translation: go dung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"writing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: write\nKalamang translation: natulis\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"writing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"down\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: down\nKalamang translation: yawe\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"down\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: break down\nKalamang translation: maorek\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Eline\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: line up\nKalamang translation: nabaris\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Eline\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: draw a line\nKalamang translation: kasep\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Kalamang\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Kalamang language\nKalamang translation: Kalamangmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Kalamang\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: speak Kalamang\nKalamang translation: Kalamangmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomorrow we go to Antalisa to marry Anafia and spouse.\nKalamang translation: Kasur in bo Tamisengga nahalarkin Anafia mu.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: How many glasses do you have?\nKalamang translation: Don pernananja losing puraman?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"writing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm eating maize, my jaw is tired.\nKalamang translation: An ketelesat nara kanggusan nauware.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"writing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mustafa's father and family want to go to the garden, they are still waiting for Sakina.\nKalamang translation: Mustafa esun mu amdirga botkin mu tok Sakinat nawanggar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"down\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Onin's father and family break down their house's roof.\nKalamang translation: Onin esun mu keweun sengunara maorek.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"down\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi and family are gone to cut down a forest breadfruit.\nKalamang translation: Bobi mu bo katawenggawuorma reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Eline\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomi's mother was throwing fishing line and caught a shark.\nKalamang translation: Tomi emun wienmukta loptengat ramie reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Eline\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Later, in February, Eline and her father come.\nKalamang translation: Mena pak eir Elinbon esunbon se koi mia.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Kalamang\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Kalamang broke his fast, he isn't fasting.\nKalamang translation: Kalamang me nasek ma tolasnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Kalamang\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Who's that? Oh, just Kalamang and family.\nKalamang translation: Naman ba me? Geo, Kalamang mu ba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:incorp\" label=\"sec:incorp\"></span> Nouns can, and\nfrequently are, incorporated in the verb in Kalamang. Noun incorporation\nis a process whereby a verb is derived from the compounding of a noun\nand a verb , as introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:compounding\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compounding\">5.2.2</a>. Only objects can be\nincorporated in Kalamang, and incorporated objects are recognised by\ntheir lack of object marking and the fact that the compound is treated\nas one phonological word. It is a common but optional parallel strategy\nto having a full (case-marked, stress-carrying) object NP. \nIn 2018, a count of all incorporations in the Kalamang corpus was\nconducted for a larger typological study (published as, which also\nincludes more details on frequencies and verb semantics). In 11 hours of\ntranscribed recordings, 155 incorporations with 60 different nouns and\n53 different verbs were found. The most commonly incorporating verbs\nwere na ‘to consume’, jie ‘to get; to buy’, paruo ‘to make’, rep\n‘to get; to collect’ and suban ‘to fish’. The most commonly\nincorporated nouns, excluding don ‘thing’, which is always\nincorporated, were sor ‘fish’, ter ‘tea’, kai ‘firewood’, muap\n‘food’ and per ‘water’. Some examples are given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:incorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:incorp\">12.5</a>. Proportions of incorporations per\nverb were calculated. The top four were sair ‘to shoot’ (4 out of 4\noccurrences of this verb are incorporations), suban ‘to fish’ (10/11),\nna in the meaning ‘to drink’[^71] (24/29) and jie ‘to get; to\ncollect’ (12/24) . \n<div id=\"tab:incorp\"> \n\| incorporating <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \| examples \| \|\n\|:-----------------------------------------------\|:------------------------------------------------------------\|:----\|\n\| na ‘consume’ \| per-na ‘water-drink’, wat-na ‘coconut-eat’ \| \|\n\| jie ‘get; buy’ \| kabun-jie ‘innards-get’, tabai-jie ‘tobacco-buy’ \| \|\n\| paruo ‘make’ \| kurera-paruo ‘basket-make’, amdir-paruo ‘garden-make’ \| \|\n\| rep ‘get; collect’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, alangan-rep ‘trouble-get’ \| \|\n\| suban ‘fish’ \| tebol-suban ‘reef_edge-fish’ \| \|\n\| incorporated <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \| examples \| \|\n\| sor ‘fish’ \| sor-rur ‘fish-skewer’, sor-pasor ‘fish-fry’ \| \|\n\| ter ‘tea’ \| ter-na ‘tea-consume’, ter-garewor ‘tea-pour’ \| \|\n\| kai ‘firewood’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, kai-narorar ‘firewood-drag’ \| \|\n\| muap ‘food’ \| muap-ruon ‘food-cook’, muap-koya ‘food-plant’ \| \|\n\| per ‘water’ \| per-na ‘water-consume’, per-jie ‘water-collect’ \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \nMost commonly incorporating verbs and incorporated nouns. \n</div> \nWhile there is one noun that cannot be the object of a verb but instead\nmust be incorporated, don ‘thing’, there are also restrictions on\nwhich elements can be incorporated. Pronouns, demonstratives and\nmodified nouns cannot be incorporated. As for the verbs, intransitive\nverbs cannot incorporate. Incorporation can take place on verbs that are\npart of a complex predicate. Both the first and the second verb in such\na construction may incorporate, as\n(<a href=\"#exe:jiena\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:jiena\">[exe:jiena]</a>) and\n(<a href=\"#exe:bomuapruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bomuapruo\">[exe:bomuapruo]</a>) illustrate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin=a per-jie na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=foc</span> water-get drink\n‘We got and drank the water.’ <span id=\"exe:jiena\"\nlabel=\"exe:jiena\"></span> ma ... bo amdir=ka bo muap-ruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go food-dig\n‘She goes to the garden to dig up food.’ <span id=\"exe:bomuapruo\"\nlabel=\"exe:bomuapruo\"></span> \n</div> \nMany pairs of incorporated noun and verb are also found in the corpus as\nnormal pairs of object + verb. For those incorporations for which an\nobject + verb counterpart was not found in the corpus, it was checked\nwhether not incorporating that noun in that verb was allowed. This was\nthe case for all, except combinations with don ‘thing’, and the\ncombination of min ‘adam’s apple; liver’ and tolma ‘to cut’. The\nincorporation mintolma ‘to cut \\[the\\] throat’ is a fixed expression\nused as a curse, and must be incorporated (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a> on cursing for examples). \nIt is unclear what the semantic or pragmatic difference is between\nincorporated and non-incorporated noun-verb pairs, and thus it remains\nfor further research what guides the choice between incorporating or not\nincorporating. Some incorporations are more abstract expressions.\nTer-na ‘tea-consume’, for example, does not necessarily mean ‘drinking\ntea’, but can also mean ‘having breakfast’. Incorporations with tree\nnames and sara ‘to ascend’ mean ‘to climb that tree in order to\nharvest’. However, we also find object + verb pairs with the same nouns\nand verbs which also have the more abstract meanings, suggesting that\nincorporation is not a requirement for the abstract reading. This is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:terincorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terincorp\">[exe:terincorp]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>), the speaker first uses\nter ‘tea’ as the object and na ‘consume’ as the verb. Two turns\nlater, in(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), he incorporates ter into\nna with the same meaning, ‘to have breakfast’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:ternatnin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ternatnin\">[exe:ternatnin]</a>) shows that negation\ndoes not play a role in the difference\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), and that ter may be\nincorporated in na also when the verb is negated. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan tok ter=at nat=nin an se sontum=at gonggung\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> yet\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nperson=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> call\n‘I haven’t had breakfast yet, I’m already calling people.’\n<span id=\"exe:teratna\" label=\"exe:teratna\"></span> Nur an=at gonggung=te\ntok ter-na\nNur <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\ncall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> first tea-consume\n‘Nur calls me to have breakfast first.’ <span id=\"exe:terna\"\nlabel=\"exe:terna\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:terincorp\" label=\"exe:terincorp\"></span> mu muap ba mu\nter-nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> eat but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘They ate but they didn’t drink tea.’ <span id=\"exe:ternatnin\"\nlabel=\"exe:ternatnin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis is not a question of referentiality (singling out a new referent by\nmeans of a non-incorporated noun), as on several occasions in the corpus\nthe first mention of a referent is already incorporated. Other possible\nfactors, such as whether or not the verb was inflected for mood or\naspect, or the animacy or plurality of the referent, do not seem to have\nan effect on the choice of incorporation vs. no incorporation. From\nlooking at the corpus examples, the only factor that was found to play a\nrole in the choice between incorporation or no incorporation is\nrepetition in the same or adjacent turns. Whenever a speaker repeats\nthemselves or the words of another speaker, there seems to be a\nheightened chance of repeating the previously used construction. But\neven after three repetitions of bir-na ‘beer-consume’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:birnana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:birnana\">[exe:birnana]</a>), speaker A suddenly opts\nfor a non-incorporated bir ‘beer’. \nThe functions of reduplication of verbs are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:verbred\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbred\">[sec:verbred]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThis is a description of Kalamang (ISO 639-3 code kgv, glottocode\nkara1499), a Papuan language of the Greater West Bomberai family. It is\nspoken by around 130 people in East Indonesia. The majority of speakers\nlive on the biggest of the Karas Islands, which lie just off the coast\nof the Bomberai Peninsula in West Papua province. The language is known\nas Karas in older literature (). Karas is the Indonesian name of a group\nof three islands and the administrative unit (Indonesian distrik,\n‘district’) these belong to. Kalamang is spoken only on the biggest of\nthese islands. Uruangnirin, an Austronesian language, is spoken on the\nother two. In Indonesian, Kalamang is sometimes referred to as Karas\nLaut ‘Seaside Karas’ and Uruangnirin as Karas Darat ‘Landside Karas’.\nFollowing requests from Kalamang speakers, and also to avoid confusion\nwith Uruangnirin, I refer to Karas or Karas Laut as Kalamang. Kalamang\nspeakers refer to their own language as Kalamang-mang\n‘Kalamang-language’, and to the island as Kalamang lempuang ‘Kalamang\nisland’. Both are typically shortened to Kalamang. Perhaps Kalamang\ncomes from an original local place name Kala(s), supplemented with the\nword for ‘voice’ or ‘language’, now bleached in meaning, hence compounds\nlike Kalamang-mang. Kalamang belongs to the Greater West Bomberai\nfamily together with Iha (ihp, ihaa1241), Mbaham (bdw, baha1258) and the\nTimor-Alor-Pantar languages. \nThis chapter gives background information to the Kalamang language and\nits speakers, and explains how the data for this grammar were gathered,\nprocessed and stored.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: I'm writing down Eline's Kalamang.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "An Elin Kalamangmangunara natulis.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "An Elin Kalamangmangunara natulis.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Verbs", "Header 2": "Verb derivation", "Header 3": "Noun incorporation", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:incorp\" label=\"sec:incorp\"></span> Nouns can, and\nfrequently are, incorporated in the verb in Kalamang. Noun incorporation\nis a process whereby a verb is derived from the compounding of a noun\nand a verb , as introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:compounding\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compounding\">5.2.2</a>. Only objects can be\nincorporated in Kalamang, and incorporated objects are recognised by\ntheir lack of object marking and the fact that the compound is treated\nas one phonological word. It is a common but optional parallel strategy\nto having a full (case-marked, stress-carrying) object NP. \nIn 2018, a count of all incorporations in the Kalamang corpus was\nconducted for a larger typological study (published as, which also\nincludes more details on frequencies and verb semantics). In 11 hours of\ntranscribed recordings, 155 incorporations with 60 different nouns and\n53 different verbs were found. The most commonly incorporating verbs\nwere na ‘to consume’, jie ‘to get; to buy’, paruo ‘to make’, rep\n‘to get; to collect’ and suban ‘to fish’. The most commonly\nincorporated nouns, excluding don ‘thing’, which is always\nincorporated, were sor ‘fish’, ter ‘tea’, kai ‘firewood’, muap\n‘food’ and per ‘water’. Some examples are given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:incorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:incorp\">12.5</a>. Proportions of incorporations per\nverb were calculated. The top four were sair ‘to shoot’ (4 out of 4\noccurrences of this verb are incorporations), suban ‘to fish’ (10/11),\nna in the meaning ‘to drink’[^71] (24/29) and jie ‘to get; to\ncollect’ (12/24) . \n<div id=\"tab:incorp\"> \n\| incorporating <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \| examples \| \|\n\|:-----------------------------------------------\|:------------------------------------------------------------\|:----\|\n\| na ‘consume’ \| per-na ‘water-drink’, wat-na ‘coconut-eat’ \| \|\n\| jie ‘get; buy’ \| kabun-jie ‘innards-get’, tabai-jie ‘tobacco-buy’ \| \|\n\| paruo ‘make’ \| kurera-paruo ‘basket-make’, amdir-paruo ‘garden-make’ \| \|\n\| rep ‘get; collect’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, alangan-rep ‘trouble-get’ \| \|\n\| suban ‘fish’ \| tebol-suban ‘reef_edge-fish’ \| \|\n\| incorporated <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \| examples \| \|\n\| sor ‘fish’ \| sor-rur ‘fish-skewer’, sor-pasor ‘fish-fry’ \| \|\n\| ter ‘tea’ \| ter-na ‘tea-consume’, ter-garewor ‘tea-pour’ \| \|\n\| kai ‘firewood’ \| kai-rep ‘firewood-collect’, kai-narorar ‘firewood-drag’ \| \|\n\| muap ‘food’ \| muap-ruon ‘food-cook’, muap-koya ‘food-plant’ \| \|\n\| per ‘water’ \| per-na ‘water-consume’, per-jie ‘water-collect’ \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \nMost commonly incorporating verbs and incorporated nouns. \n</div> \nWhile there is one noun that cannot be the object of a verb but instead\nmust be incorporated, don ‘thing’, there are also restrictions on\nwhich elements can be incorporated. Pronouns, demonstratives and\nmodified nouns cannot be incorporated. As for the verbs, intransitive\nverbs cannot incorporate. Incorporation can take place on verbs that are\npart of a complex predicate. Both the first and the second verb in such\na construction may incorporate, as\n(<a href=\"#exe:jiena\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:jiena\">[exe:jiena]</a>) and\n(<a href=\"#exe:bomuapruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bomuapruo\">[exe:bomuapruo]</a>) illustrate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin=a per-jie na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=foc</span> water-get drink\n‘We got and drank the water.’ <span id=\"exe:jiena\"\nlabel=\"exe:jiena\"></span> ma ... bo amdir=ka bo muap-ruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go food-dig\n‘She goes to the garden to dig up food.’ <span id=\"exe:bomuapruo\"\nlabel=\"exe:bomuapruo\"></span> \n</div> \nMany pairs of incorporated noun and verb are also found in the corpus as\nnormal pairs of object + verb. For those incorporations for which an\nobject + verb counterpart was not found in the corpus, it was checked\nwhether not incorporating that noun in that verb was allowed. This was\nthe case for all, except combinations with don ‘thing’, and the\ncombination of min ‘adam’s apple; liver’ and tolma ‘to cut’. The\nincorporation mintolma ‘to cut \\[the\\] throat’ is a fixed expression\nused as a curse, and must be incorporated (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a> on cursing for examples). \nIt is unclear what the semantic or pragmatic difference is between\nincorporated and non-incorporated noun-verb pairs, and thus it remains\nfor further research what guides the choice between incorporating or not\nincorporating. Some incorporations are more abstract expressions.\nTer-na ‘tea-consume’, for example, does not necessarily mean ‘drinking\ntea’, but can also mean ‘having breakfast’. Incorporations with tree\nnames and sara ‘to ascend’ mean ‘to climb that tree in order to\nharvest’. However, we also find object + verb pairs with the same nouns\nand verbs which also have the more abstract meanings, suggesting that\nincorporation is not a requirement for the abstract reading. This is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:terincorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terincorp\">[exe:terincorp]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>), the speaker first uses\nter ‘tea’ as the object and na ‘consume’ as the verb. Two turns\nlater, in(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), he incorporates ter into\nna with the same meaning, ‘to have breakfast’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:ternatnin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ternatnin\">[exe:ternatnin]</a>) shows that negation\ndoes not play a role in the difference\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:teratna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:teratna\">[exe:teratna]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:terna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terna\">[exe:terna]</a>), and that ter may be\nincorporated in na also when the verb is negated. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan tok ter=at nat=nin an se sontum=at gonggung\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> yet\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nperson=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> call\n‘I haven’t had breakfast yet, I’m already calling people.’\n<span id=\"exe:teratna\" label=\"exe:teratna\"></span> Nur an=at gonggung=te\ntok ter-na\nNur <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\ncall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> first tea-consume\n‘Nur calls me to have breakfast first.’ <span id=\"exe:terna\"\nlabel=\"exe:terna\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:terincorp\" label=\"exe:terincorp\"></span> mu muap ba mu\nter-nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> eat but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘They ate but they didn’t drink tea.’ <span id=\"exe:ternatnin\"\nlabel=\"exe:ternatnin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis is not a question of referentiality (singling out a new referent by\nmeans of a non-incorporated noun), as on several occasions in the corpus\nthe first mention of a referent is already incorporated. Other possible\nfactors, such as whether or not the verb was inflected for mood or\naspect, or the animacy or plurality of the referent, do not seem to have\nan effect on the choice of incorporation vs. no incorporation. From\nlooking at the corpus examples, the only factor that was found to play a\nrole in the choice between incorporation or no incorporation is\nrepetition in the same or adjacent turns. Whenever a speaker repeats\nthemselves or the words of another speaker, there seems to be a\nheightened chance of repeating the previously used construction. But\neven after three repetitions of bir-na ‘beer-consume’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:birnana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:birnana\">[exe:birnana]</a>), speaker A suddenly opts\nfor a non-incorporated bir ‘beer’. \nThe functions of reduplication of verbs are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:verbred\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbred\">[sec:verbred]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": null, "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "This is a description of Kalamang (ISO 639-3 code kgv, glottocode\nkara1499), a Papuan language of the Greater West Bomberai family. It is\nspoken by around 130 people in East Indonesia. The majority of speakers\nlive on the biggest of the Karas Islands, which lie just off the coast\nof the Bomberai Peninsula in West Papua province. The language is known\nas Karas in older literature (). Karas is the Indonesian name of a group\nof three islands and the administrative unit (Indonesian distrik,\n‘district’) these belong to. Kalamang is spoken only on the biggest of\nthese islands. Uruangnirin, an Austronesian language, is spoken on the\nother two. In Indonesian, Kalamang is sometimes referred to as Karas\nLaut ‘Seaside Karas’ and Uruangnirin as Karas Darat ‘Landside Karas’.\nFollowing requests from Kalamang speakers, and also to avoid confusion\nwith Uruangnirin, I refer to Karas or Karas Laut as Kalamang. Kalamang\nspeakers refer to their own language as Kalamang-mang\n‘Kalamang-language’, and to the island as Kalamang lempuang ‘Kalamang\nisland’. Both are typically shortened to Kalamang. Perhaps Kalamang\ncomes from an original local place name Kala(s), supplemented with the\nword for ‘voice’ or ‘language’, now bleached in meaning, hence compounds\nlike Kalamang-mang. Kalamang belongs to the Greater West Bomberai\nfamily together with Iha (ihp, ihaa1241), Mbaham (bdw, baha1258) and the\nTimor-Alor-Pantar languages. \nThis chapter gives background information to the Kalamang language and\nits speakers, and explains how the data for this grammar were gathered,\nprocessed and stored." } ], "index": 41, "level": "low_resource", "question": "I'm writing down Eline's Kalamang.", "split": "train" }
Som yumene barala mat paruo.	That person, barala-illness is disturbing him.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: That person, barala-illness is disturbing him.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"That\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chat\nKalamang translation: rer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"That\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: with that\nKalamang translation: minggi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"person\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: person\nKalamang translation: -et; som; sontum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"person\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: white person\nKalamang translation: guarten\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"barala\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: bark\nKalamang translation: boukbouk; gobukbuk; lokul; ror kulun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"barala\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: barrel\nKalamang translation: dorom; tong\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"illness\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: illness\nKalamang translation: barala; ning; penyakit\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"illness\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: k.o. illness\nKalamang translation: inamurin; langgulanggur; naseduk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"disturbing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: distal demonstrative\nKalamang translation: ime; imene; me; yume; yumene\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"disturbing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: disturb\nKalamang translation: koyal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"him\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: hit\nKalamang translation: burbur; duk; kararma; pue; tu; kosara\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"him\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: make rim\nKalamang translation: kangjie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"That\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person has a wide anus.\nKalamang translation: Som yumene kahamanpos luas.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"That\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person sells garlic, not onion.\nKalamang translation: Sontum me bawang iriskaptenara parin, bawang kerkap ge.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"person\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person has a wide anus.\nKalamang translation: Som yumene kahamanpos luas.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"person\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person sells garlic, not onion.\nKalamang translation: Sontum me bawang iriskaptenara parin, bawang kerkap ge.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"barala\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That dog is barking at a cat.\nKalamang translation: Bal imene sikanara koboukbouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"barala\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Moktar's father is speaking Kilimala language.\nKalamang translation: Moktar esun Kueimang deba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"illness\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He has ill lungs.\nKalamang translation: Ma gawaruna ning.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"illness\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Malik has an illness in his veins.\nKalamang translation: Malik kaden kiesun ning.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"disturbing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm getting strings for a basket.\nKalamang translation: An kiemalunara rep.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"disturbing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Desi sits but Fit is disturbing her too much.\nKalamang translation: Desi melalu ba Fit mat koyalsawe.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"him\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yes, hit him again.\nKalamang translation: Esie, mat ture weinun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"him\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I give him this water.\nKalamang translation: An ter wat kosiauri ma.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:names\" label=\"sec:names\"></span> Besides kinship terms,\npersonal proper names are a common strategy for non-pronominal reference\nand address. Because it is customary to avoid first names, most people\nare known by a variety of names. Names can be divided into three\ncategories: given names, nicknames and teknonyms. \nMost Kalamang speakers have an Arabic name as their given name. Some\nnon-Arabic names of community members are Erna, Sabtu (Malay ‘Saturday’)\nand Bini (Malay ‘wife’). I am not aware of any names that are regarded\nas Kalamang proper names. \nNicknames can be of many kinds, and can change throughout a person’s\nlifetime. Nicknames may be regular first names, such as Manto, which was\ngiven to a Kalamang speaker by visiting fishermen. Nicknames may also\noriginate in other entities, such as Mester, the name of the boat on\nwhich that person was born. One boy is called Kalamang, after the name\nof his people. Nicknames also commonly refer to someone’s place of\norigin, especially if they are the first or only person from that place:\nKei-ca stands for Kei-man Walaka-ca for Gorom-man. \nAs soon as someone becomes a parent, that person can be referred to and\naddressed with their teknonym (the name of their first child) followed\nby esun ‘father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ or emun\n‘mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. This is exemplified with\nNyong esun ‘Nyong’s father’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nyong\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nyong\">[exe:nyong]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNyong esun=a marua yuwa\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=foc</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘Nyong’s father comes towards sea here.’ <span id=\"exe:nyong\"\nlabel=\"exe:nyong\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen someone becomes a grandparent, the teknonym is usually replaced\nwith the name of the first grandchild, although the name of the first\nchild may also still be used. Someone can thus be known as ‘X’s\ngrandmother’ and ‘Y’s mother’ at the same time. For married people\nwithout children, the name of the spouse may be used: ‘X’s wife’, or\n‘Y’s husband’. If the spouse is not Kalamang, his or her name is\ngenerally avoided, and the person is referred to with a nickname.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:compcon\" label=\"sec:compcon\"></span> In a comparative\nconstruction, two referents are compared on a gradable property. One\nreferent, the comparee, is compared to a standard of comparison, the\nother referent. The construction also typically involves a parameter of\ncomparison (the property that is compared). Kalamang employs two\ncomparative constructions: a monoclausal ‘exceed’ construction and a\nbiclausal construction with antonyms, neither of which involve a\nparameter of comparison. \nThe majority of elicited and natural speech comparative constructions\nare monoclausal, making use of lebe ‘to exceed’, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:matlebe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:matlebe\">[exe:matlebe]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:hargalebe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hargalebe\">[exe:hargalebe]</a>). Lebe ‘to exceed’\nis a loan from Malay lebih ‘more (than)’, which is also used in\ncomparative constructions in Malay varieties. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:matlebe\" label=\"exe:matlebe\"></span> ma tanbes=ko ror mat\nlebe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nright=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> tree\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> exceed\n‘He’s on the right, the tree exceeds him.’ \n<span id=\"exe:hargalebe\" label=\"exe:hargalebe\"></span> harga-un main me\ntang-un=at lebe\nprice-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nseed-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> exceed\n‘Its price exceeds the seed\\[’s price\\].’ \n</div> \nA monoclausal exceed construction may also be made with nemies ‘to\nexceed’, but is much less frequent (one natural speech example and one\ncorpus example, against at least ten of each for lebe).\n(<a href=\"#exe:nemies\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nemies\">[exe:nemies]</a>) and\n(<a href=\"#exe:nemies2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nemies2\">[exe:nemies2]</a>) are the two attested\ninstances. Based on these two examples, it is possible that nemies\nactually has the more specific meaning ‘to exceed in height’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:nemies\" label=\"exe:nemies\"></span> warkin se mat\nnemies\ntide <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> exceed\n‘The tide exceeded him.’ <span id=\"exe:nemies2\"\nlabel=\"exe:nemies2\"></span> ibu me ririn-un an=at nemies\nmiss <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntall-<span class=\"smallcaps\">nmlz</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span> exceed\n‘Miss’s length exceeds mine.’ \n</div> \nIn elicitation, speakers sometimes phrased a comparative construction\nwith antonyms. That construction consists of two independent clauses,\nwhere one clause contains the standard and the other the comparee. This\nis possibly an artefact of the elicitation, which involved stimulus\nmaterials showing opposite types (e.g. a skinny and a fat person, or an\nold and a new house). An example of such a construction with antonymous\npredicates is seen\nin(<a href=\"#exe:temuncicaun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:temuncicaun\">[exe:temuncicaun]</a>). It remains for\nfurther research whether this is a construction that is also used in\nnaturalistic speech. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:temuncicaun\" label=\"exe:temuncicaun\"></span> pas wa me\nkaden-un temun pas wa me kaden-un cicaun\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> big woman\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> small\n‘This woman’s body is big, this woman’s body is small.’ \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: That person, barala-illness is disturbing him.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Som yumene barala mat paruo.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Som yumene barala mat paruo.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Non-pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "Names", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:names\" label=\"sec:names\"></span> Besides kinship terms,\npersonal proper names are a common strategy for non-pronominal reference\nand address. Because it is customary to avoid first names, most people\nare known by a variety of names. Names can be divided into three\ncategories: given names, nicknames and teknonyms. \nMost Kalamang speakers have an Arabic name as their given name. Some\nnon-Arabic names of community members are Erna, Sabtu (Malay ‘Saturday’)\nand Bini (Malay ‘wife’). I am not aware of any names that are regarded\nas Kalamang proper names. \nNicknames can be of many kinds, and can change throughout a person’s\nlifetime. Nicknames may be regular first names, such as Manto, which was\ngiven to a Kalamang speaker by visiting fishermen. Nicknames may also\noriginate in other entities, such as Mester, the name of the boat on\nwhich that person was born. One boy is called Kalamang, after the name\nof his people. Nicknames also commonly refer to someone’s place of\norigin, especially if they are the first or only person from that place:\nKei-ca stands for Kei-man Walaka-ca for Gorom-man. \nAs soon as someone becomes a parent, that person can be referred to and\naddressed with their teknonym (the name of their first child) followed\nby esun ‘father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ or emun\n‘mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. This is exemplified with\nNyong esun ‘Nyong’s father’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nyong\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nyong\">[exe:nyong]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNyong esun=a marua yuwa\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=foc</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘Nyong’s father comes towards sea here.’ <span id=\"exe:nyong\"\nlabel=\"exe:nyong\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen someone becomes a grandparent, the teknonym is usually replaced\nwith the name of the first grandchild, although the name of the first\nchild may also still be used. Someone can thus be known as ‘X’s\ngrandmother’ and ‘Y’s mother’ at the same time. For married people\nwithout children, the name of the spouse may be used: ‘X’s wife’, or\n‘Y’s husband’. If the spouse is not Kalamang, his or her name is\ngenerally avoided, and the person is referred to with a nickname." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "The clause", "Header 2": "Verbal clauses", "Header 3": "Comparative constructions", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:compcon\" label=\"sec:compcon\"></span> In a comparative\nconstruction, two referents are compared on a gradable property. One\nreferent, the comparee, is compared to a standard of comparison, the\nother referent. The construction also typically involves a parameter of\ncomparison (the property that is compared). Kalamang employs two\ncomparative constructions: a monoclausal ‘exceed’ construction and a\nbiclausal construction with antonyms, neither of which involve a\nparameter of comparison. \nThe majority of elicited and natural speech comparative constructions\nare monoclausal, making use of lebe ‘to exceed’, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:matlebe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:matlebe\">[exe:matlebe]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:hargalebe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hargalebe\">[exe:hargalebe]</a>). Lebe ‘to exceed’\nis a loan from Malay lebih ‘more (than)’, which is also used in\ncomparative constructions in Malay varieties. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:matlebe\" label=\"exe:matlebe\"></span> ma tanbes=ko ror mat\nlebe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nright=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> tree\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> exceed\n‘He’s on the right, the tree exceeds him.’ \n<span id=\"exe:hargalebe\" label=\"exe:hargalebe\"></span> harga-un main me\ntang-un=at lebe\nprice-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nseed-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> exceed\n‘Its price exceeds the seed\\[’s price\\].’ \n</div> \nA monoclausal exceed construction may also be made with nemies ‘to\nexceed’, but is much less frequent (one natural speech example and one\ncorpus example, against at least ten of each for lebe).\n(<a href=\"#exe:nemies\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nemies\">[exe:nemies]</a>) and\n(<a href=\"#exe:nemies2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nemies2\">[exe:nemies2]</a>) are the two attested\ninstances. Based on these two examples, it is possible that nemies\nactually has the more specific meaning ‘to exceed in height’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:nemies\" label=\"exe:nemies\"></span> warkin se mat\nnemies\ntide <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> exceed\n‘The tide exceeded him.’ <span id=\"exe:nemies2\"\nlabel=\"exe:nemies2\"></span> ibu me ririn-un an=at nemies\nmiss <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntall-<span class=\"smallcaps\">nmlz</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span> exceed\n‘Miss’s length exceeds mine.’ \n</div> \nIn elicitation, speakers sometimes phrased a comparative construction\nwith antonyms. That construction consists of two independent clauses,\nwhere one clause contains the standard and the other the comparee. This\nis possibly an artefact of the elicitation, which involved stimulus\nmaterials showing opposite types (e.g. a skinny and a fat person, or an\nold and a new house). An example of such a construction with antonymous\npredicates is seen\nin(<a href=\"#exe:temuncicaun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:temuncicaun\">[exe:temuncicaun]</a>). It remains for\nfurther research whether this is a construction that is also used in\nnaturalistic speech. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:temuncicaun\" label=\"exe:temuncicaun\"></span> pas wa me\nkaden-un temun pas wa me kaden-un cicaun\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> big woman\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> small\n‘This woman’s body is big, this woman’s body is small.’ \n</div>" } ], "index": 42, "level": "low_resource", "question": "That person, barala-illness is disturbing him.", "split": "train" }
Naiar me watko saerak.	There are no lontar palms here.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: There are no lontar palms here.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"There\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like here\nKalamang translation: owandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"There\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: up there\nKalamang translation: osatko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"no\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: not know\nKalamang translation: komahal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"no\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: no\nKalamang translation: ge\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"lontar\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: water container\nKalamang translation: tarapa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"lontar\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: lontar palm\nKalamang translation: naiar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"palms\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: palm oil\nKalamang translation: mingtun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"palms\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: palm roof\nKalamang translation: sanong\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"here\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: where from\nKalamang translation: tamangga\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"here\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like here\nKalamang translation: owandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"There\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There was an earthquake, I felt it.\nKalamang translation: Leng dekta an narasa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"There\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"no\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"no\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are no horses here.\nKalamang translation: Lajarang watkoet saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"lontar\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Halim's kid's fontanelle isn't hard yet.\nKalamang translation: Halim tumunun nakal pokpok tok karanin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"lontar\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"palms\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Laka's wife is tearing pandanus leaf.\nKalamang translation: Laka kieun padamualmasarut.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"palms\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are making a broom with hairs from the sugar palm.\nKalamang translation: Mu coknenenggia sirarai gamutuat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"here\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"here\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many earthworms at the banana tree.\nKalamang translation: Im ewun me kalabet reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:malay\" label=\"sec:malay\"></span> Throughout this study, I\nfrequently refer to Indonesian, Papuan Malay and Malay. Indonesian or\nBahasa Indonesia is the official language of Indonesia, and is a\nstandardised variety of Malay. Papuan Malay is a cover term for the\nlocal varieties of Malay used in Papua and West Papua provinces in\nIndonesia. Kalamang speakers have learned Indonesian in school and hear\nit on national television, and most people are able to read government\ncommunication in Indonesian. They use a variant of Papuan Malay for\ndaily communication within the region. I use Indonesian to refer to the\nofficial, standardised, national variant, and Papuan Malay to refer to\nthe non-standardised local variant as I have heard it spoken by\ninhabitants of Mas and, to a lesser degree, Antalisa. However, most\nreferences in this grammar are to loanwords from Indonesian and/or\nPapuan Malay, and as it is often not clear which variant is the donor\nfor a borrowed word, I simply use the term Malay as a cover term for\nstandard and non-standard varieties. \nOne local Papuan Malay variant, that of the north coast, is described in\n. The variety spoken by people on Karas and in Fakfak, the regional\ncapital, has characteristics from Papuan Malay and another non-standard\nvariety of Malay: Ambon Malay . proposes four varieties of Papuan Malay,\nwith the Fakfak variety belonging to Bird’s Head Malay and described as\nclosely related to Ambon Malay. A sociolinguistic survey proposing an\neastern and western Papuan Malay variety is , with the Fakfak variety\nbelonging to western Papuan Malay.[^30] The Karas variety is similar to\nthe Fakfak variety (as I have heard it used in shops, at the market and\nby visitors). Because the Fakfak variety is similar to Ambon Malay, and\nbecause Papuan Malay is not a homogeneous entity, I sometimes refer to\nnon-standardised local Malay as local Malay rather than Papuan Malay. In\nthe following, I provide a non-exhaustive list of the characteristics of\nthe local Malay spoken in Mas. The interested reader may contrast these\nwith the characteristics described in , , and . This list might help to\ngive insight into certain characteristics of Kalamang, and to understand\nthe frequent code switching and borrowing. \nIn the phonology, I observed the following differences between\nIndonesian and local Malay. Word-initial /h/ may be dropped, as in\ncompletive habis: \\[abis\\]. Word-final /h/ and /k/ are always dropped:\nkasih ‘to give’ is \\[kasi\\] and banyak ‘much; many’ is \\[banja\\].\nWord-final /t/ is often dropped, especially when unstressed: lompat\n‘to jump’ is \\[lompa\\]. Indonesian /ə/ is pronounced \\[a\\] or \\[e\\],\nsuch as \\[maŋarti\\] for mengerti ‘to understand’. /u/ is neutralised\nto /o/: taruh is \\[taro\\]. The vowels in words with both /u/ and /ə/\nor with /e/ are replaced with \\[o\\]: lembek ‘soft’ is \\[lombo\\],\nperut ‘stomach’ is \\[poro\\], penuh is \\[pono\\]. /au/ is\nmonophthongised to \\[o\\] or \\[u\\], such as \\[kalo\\] or \\[kalu\\] for\nkalau ‘if’. Final /ai/ is monophthongised to \\[e\\]: sampai ‘until’\nis \\[sampe\\]. Final /n/ and /ŋ/ (but not /m/) are often, but not always,\nneutralised to \\[ŋ\\]. There is great variation, both within and between\nspeakers, in whether /p/ and /f/ are neutralised to /p/ or not. /l/ and\n/r/ occur in free variation for some speakers. \nThe pronouns are saya or beta <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>,\nkau <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>, dia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>, katong\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl</span> (no clusivity), kamong\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span> and dong\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>, which is partly similar to Ambon\nMalay. There are no shorter clitic variants of the pronouns, as in some\nMalay varieties. The following frequent words with a grammatical meaning\nare typically shortened: sudah ‘already’ or iamitive is su, pergi\n‘to go’ is pi or pigi (also used in serial verb constructions),\nnegative existential tidak ada is tarada (also used as negative\nanswer) and punya ‘to have’ is pu (used also in possessive\nconstructions). The preposition di ‘on; at’ is used for both movement\nand location, or can be entirely left out: pi sekola means ‘go to\nschool’. The negation of tahu ‘to know’ may be tara tau (from\nIndonesian tidak tahu ‘do not know’) or a high-pitched tau.\nDemonstratives are not cliticised (contra ). Di lau ‘sea-side’ and di\ndara ‘land-side’ are common locationals and directionals. Indonesian\nseperti ‘as’ is replaced with kaya. \nVerbal morphology is scarce. Progressive aspect is expressed with ada,\nvolitional or future with mau (\\[mo\\]) and perfective (or iamitive)\nwith su. Bole ‘may’, bisa ‘can’ and harus ‘must’ are the main\nmodal markers. Causatives are expressed with serial verb constructions\nwith bikin/biking ‘to make; to do’ or kasi ‘to give’. Passives are\nformed with dapa ‘to find; to meet’ (not with kena, contra ).\nReciprocal constructions are formed with baku. Detransitiviser ba-\ncan be found on words like bacuci ‘to wash’ or bajalan ‘to walk’.\nThe latter forms a durative (). \nVerbs that often occur in serial verb constructions are pi ‘to go’,\nbawa ‘to bring’ and directional verbs such as turun ‘to go down’ and\npulang ‘to return’. Examples are buang naik ‘throw up in the air’,\njatuh turun ‘fall down’ and bawa pulang ‘bring back’. \nConstituent order is SV and AVP. Numerals modifying nouns which come\nbefore the noun in Indonesian may come both before and after the noun in\nthe local Malay, although the latter may come from code switching\nbetween Indonesian and Malay rather than variation within Malay. \nTypical terms of reference and address are pace for men and mace for\nwomen. A husband is referred to as laki or pae tua and a wife as\nmae tua. The latter two are also terms of address, and are borrowings\nfrom Portuguese pai ‘father’ and mãe ‘mother’ . Other Portuguese\nloans that are not in use in Indonesian are kadera ‘chair’ from\ncadeira (also in use in Kalamang), pasiar ‘to take a stroll’ from\npassear, salobar ‘brackish water’ from salobre, sono ‘sleep’\nfrom sono, tataruga ‘tortoise’ from tartaruga and testa\n‘forehead’ from testa (these are also found in Ambonese Malay, see ).\nCertain loans are only in use by the oldest generation. These include\nistup ‘terrace’ from stoep, istrat ‘street’ from straat and\nistrep ‘stripe’ from streep. Younger speakers use teras, jalan\nand garis, respectively. The kinship term om ‘uncle’ (from Dutch\noom) is used, but tante ‘aunt’ (Dutch tante), used elsewhere in\nIndonesia, is not. Words that have a different meaning in Indonesian and\nthe local Malay are too many to mention. The interested reader is\nreferred to the dictionary ( and archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFF-9>), which gives a\ngood impression. \nThe most common clause-linkers are abis, also the completive, or\nterus/tarus/trus ‘then’. The clause-chaining element la from lalu\n‘then’ is sometimes used. Lagi ‘again; more’, pronounced \\[lai\\], is\nused with the meaning ‘too’. (Borrowed conjunctions used in Kalamang\nspeech, which are many, are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:clauseconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clauseconj\">16.1.2</a>.) A popular interjection is\nsuda mu ‘of course’, also an expression of (annoyed) encouragement.\nPost-verbal suda is also used an emphatic marker, as in North Moluccan\nMalay, Ambon Malay and Kupang Malay . Hari apa ‘which day’ and apa\nkabar ‘how are you’ are not valid questions; instead, kapan ‘when’\nand bagaimana ‘how’ are used. Ka is a common tag for polar questions\nor as a confirmation-seeker. O is commonly used for emphasis: tarada\noooo ‘nothing; don’t worry; nothing’s going on’. \nThere are several parallels between the local Malay and Kalamang\ngrammar, especially in discourse and information structure, but because\nmy knowledge of Malay varieties is limited I cannot determine the\ndirection of influence. Examples are the use of the question word ‘how’\nas a greeting or curses with a subject + makan kau ‘eat you’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a>). Several interjections show\nsimilarities, e.g. Malay sudah mu with some and Malay o with o\n(also tarada o with ge o\n§<a href=\"#sec:opq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:opq\">[sec:opq]</a>). They are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:idphon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:idphon\">[sec:idphon]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nDistal demonstrative me occurs adnominally, pronominally and\nidentificationally, prototypically to indicate referents that are\nrelatively far from the speaker. There are no adnominal examples in the\nnaturalistic corpus that are clearly spatial, so an elicited example is\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:demadme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demadme\">[exe:demadme]</a>). It was elicited for a\nsituation where the speaker points at one of the addressee’s teeth\n(scene 2 from ). \n<span id=\"exe:demadme\" label=\"exe:demadme\"></span> gier-ca me me\nten\ntooth-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbad\n‘That tooth of yours is bad.’ \nIn object position, the distal demonstrative has the form met, as is\nillustrated for pronominal use\nin(<a href=\"#exe:demprome\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demprome\">[exe:demprome]</a>). The distal\ndemonstrative refers to betel nuts, which the referent of ma ‘she’\nwent to look for in another house. \n<span id=\"exe:demprome\" label=\"exe:demprome\"></span> ma met=a\nsanggara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj=foc</span> search\n‘She searches for that.’ \nIdentificational examples are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:demidme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demidme\">[exe:demidme]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:demidmeme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demidmeme\">[exe:demidmeme]</a>). Like for proximal\nforms, the distal demonstrative follows a focused noun and precedes a\ntopic marker. \n<span id=\"exe:demidme\" label=\"exe:demidme\"></span> naharen-un=a me\nleftover-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘That is the leftover.’ \n<span id=\"exe:demidmeme\" label=\"exe:demidmeme\"></span> et me me\ncanoe <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘That is the canoe.’ \nDistal metko ‘there’ is used for indicating the location of referents\naway from the speaker.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:maulma\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:maulma\">[exe:maulma]</a>), the distal location is\nfirst specified (the sea) and then referred to with metko.\n(<a href=\"#exe:kasawari\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kasawari\">[exe:kasawari]</a>) is from a story about\na dog and a cassowary which chased each other into the sea and became\nrock formations. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nse kewe=ka kuru di=maruat=kin=ta to me karena ... mu maulma ran\nmetko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> bring\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nright <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> because\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> bend move\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n‘They wanted to bring \\[the corpse\\] from the house to the sea, right,\nbecause \\[...\\] they go there and bend \\[it straight\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:maulma\" label=\"exe:maulma\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nbal=nan ma dalang=i pasier=ko yie marua\ndog=too <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\njump=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> swim move_seawards\n‘The dog also jumped in the sea and swam away from the shore.’ kasawari\nse metko telin\ncassowary <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span> stay\n‘The cassowary stayed there.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:kasawari\" label=\"exe:kasawari\"></span> \n</div> \nMetko, like other NPs carrying a locative postposition, can be used\npredicatively, essentially meaning ‘to be there’. Mengga, like other\nNPs carrying the lative postposition, must always be used in combination\nwith other verbs. An example is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mengga1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mengga1\">[exe:mengga1]</a>). Complex source, goal\nand location constructions are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcgoal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcgoal\">[sec:mvcgoal]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nterus mengga koi Ibrahim tanbes=ko mengga koi Arepnengga bara\nfurther <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> then Ibrahim\nright=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> from_there then\nArepner.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> descend\n‘Further from there there’s Ibrahim on the right, from there down to\nArepner.’ <span id=\"exe:mengga1\" label=\"exe:mengga1\"></span> \n</div> \nIme is occasionally used as short for (i)metko. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkanas ep-kon=a marua ime\nkind_of_fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_group</span>-one=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘A school of kanas swims towards sea (there?).’ <span id=\"exe:ime\"\nlabel=\"exe:ime\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: There are no lontar palms here.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Naiar me watko saerak.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Naiar me watko saerak.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "This study", "Header 3": "Malay and Indonesian", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:malay\" label=\"sec:malay\"></span> Throughout this study, I\nfrequently refer to Indonesian, Papuan Malay and Malay. Indonesian or\nBahasa Indonesia is the official language of Indonesia, and is a\nstandardised variety of Malay. Papuan Malay is a cover term for the\nlocal varieties of Malay used in Papua and West Papua provinces in\nIndonesia. Kalamang speakers have learned Indonesian in school and hear\nit on national television, and most people are able to read government\ncommunication in Indonesian. They use a variant of Papuan Malay for\ndaily communication within the region. I use Indonesian to refer to the\nofficial, standardised, national variant, and Papuan Malay to refer to\nthe non-standardised local variant as I have heard it spoken by\ninhabitants of Mas and, to a lesser degree, Antalisa. However, most\nreferences in this grammar are to loanwords from Indonesian and/or\nPapuan Malay, and as it is often not clear which variant is the donor\nfor a borrowed word, I simply use the term Malay as a cover term for\nstandard and non-standard varieties. \nOne local Papuan Malay variant, that of the north coast, is described in\n. The variety spoken by people on Karas and in Fakfak, the regional\ncapital, has characteristics from Papuan Malay and another non-standard\nvariety of Malay: Ambon Malay . proposes four varieties of Papuan Malay,\nwith the Fakfak variety belonging to Bird’s Head Malay and described as\nclosely related to Ambon Malay. A sociolinguistic survey proposing an\neastern and western Papuan Malay variety is , with the Fakfak variety\nbelonging to western Papuan Malay.[^30] The Karas variety is similar to\nthe Fakfak variety (as I have heard it used in shops, at the market and\nby visitors). Because the Fakfak variety is similar to Ambon Malay, and\nbecause Papuan Malay is not a homogeneous entity, I sometimes refer to\nnon-standardised local Malay as local Malay rather than Papuan Malay. In\nthe following, I provide a non-exhaustive list of the characteristics of\nthe local Malay spoken in Mas. The interested reader may contrast these\nwith the characteristics described in , , and . This list might help to\ngive insight into certain characteristics of Kalamang, and to understand\nthe frequent code switching and borrowing. \nIn the phonology, I observed the following differences between\nIndonesian and local Malay. Word-initial /h/ may be dropped, as in\ncompletive habis: \\[abis\\]. Word-final /h/ and /k/ are always dropped:\nkasih ‘to give’ is \\[kasi\\] and banyak ‘much; many’ is \\[banja\\].\nWord-final /t/ is often dropped, especially when unstressed: lompat\n‘to jump’ is \\[lompa\\]. Indonesian /ə/ is pronounced \\[a\\] or \\[e\\],\nsuch as \\[maŋarti\\] for mengerti ‘to understand’. /u/ is neutralised\nto /o/: taruh is \\[taro\\]. The vowels in words with both /u/ and /ə/\nor with /e/ are replaced with \\[o\\]: lembek ‘soft’ is \\[lombo\\],\nperut ‘stomach’ is \\[poro\\], penuh is \\[pono\\]. /au/ is\nmonophthongised to \\[o\\] or \\[u\\], such as \\[kalo\\] or \\[kalu\\] for\nkalau ‘if’. Final /ai/ is monophthongised to \\[e\\]: sampai ‘until’\nis \\[sampe\\]. Final /n/ and /ŋ/ (but not /m/) are often, but not always,\nneutralised to \\[ŋ\\]. There is great variation, both within and between\nspeakers, in whether /p/ and /f/ are neutralised to /p/ or not. /l/ and\n/r/ occur in free variation for some speakers. \nThe pronouns are saya or beta <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>,\nkau <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>, dia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>, katong\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl</span> (no clusivity), kamong\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span> and dong\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>, which is partly similar to Ambon\nMalay. There are no shorter clitic variants of the pronouns, as in some\nMalay varieties. The following frequent words with a grammatical meaning\nare typically shortened: sudah ‘already’ or iamitive is su, pergi\n‘to go’ is pi or pigi (also used in serial verb constructions),\nnegative existential tidak ada is tarada (also used as negative\nanswer) and punya ‘to have’ is pu (used also in possessive\nconstructions). The preposition di ‘on; at’ is used for both movement\nand location, or can be entirely left out: pi sekola means ‘go to\nschool’. The negation of tahu ‘to know’ may be tara tau (from\nIndonesian tidak tahu ‘do not know’) or a high-pitched tau.\nDemonstratives are not cliticised (contra ). Di lau ‘sea-side’ and di\ndara ‘land-side’ are common locationals and directionals. Indonesian\nseperti ‘as’ is replaced with kaya. \nVerbal morphology is scarce. Progressive aspect is expressed with ada,\nvolitional or future with mau (\\[mo\\]) and perfective (or iamitive)\nwith su. Bole ‘may’, bisa ‘can’ and harus ‘must’ are the main\nmodal markers. Causatives are expressed with serial verb constructions\nwith bikin/biking ‘to make; to do’ or kasi ‘to give’. Passives are\nformed with dapa ‘to find; to meet’ (not with kena, contra ).\nReciprocal constructions are formed with baku. Detransitiviser ba-\ncan be found on words like bacuci ‘to wash’ or bajalan ‘to walk’.\nThe latter forms a durative (). \nVerbs that often occur in serial verb constructions are pi ‘to go’,\nbawa ‘to bring’ and directional verbs such as turun ‘to go down’ and\npulang ‘to return’. Examples are buang naik ‘throw up in the air’,\njatuh turun ‘fall down’ and bawa pulang ‘bring back’. \nConstituent order is SV and AVP. Numerals modifying nouns which come\nbefore the noun in Indonesian may come both before and after the noun in\nthe local Malay, although the latter may come from code switching\nbetween Indonesian and Malay rather than variation within Malay. \nTypical terms of reference and address are pace for men and mace for\nwomen. A husband is referred to as laki or pae tua and a wife as\nmae tua. The latter two are also terms of address, and are borrowings\nfrom Portuguese pai ‘father’ and mãe ‘mother’ . Other Portuguese\nloans that are not in use in Indonesian are kadera ‘chair’ from\ncadeira (also in use in Kalamang), pasiar ‘to take a stroll’ from\npassear, salobar ‘brackish water’ from salobre, sono ‘sleep’\nfrom sono, tataruga ‘tortoise’ from tartaruga and testa\n‘forehead’ from testa (these are also found in Ambonese Malay, see ).\nCertain loans are only in use by the oldest generation. These include\nistup ‘terrace’ from stoep, istrat ‘street’ from straat and\nistrep ‘stripe’ from streep. Younger speakers use teras, jalan\nand garis, respectively. The kinship term om ‘uncle’ (from Dutch\noom) is used, but tante ‘aunt’ (Dutch tante), used elsewhere in\nIndonesia, is not. Words that have a different meaning in Indonesian and\nthe local Malay are too many to mention. The interested reader is\nreferred to the dictionary ( and archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFF-9>), which gives a\ngood impression. \nThe most common clause-linkers are abis, also the completive, or\nterus/tarus/trus ‘then’. The clause-chaining element la from lalu\n‘then’ is sometimes used. Lagi ‘again; more’, pronounced \\[lai\\], is\nused with the meaning ‘too’. (Borrowed conjunctions used in Kalamang\nspeech, which are many, are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:clauseconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clauseconj\">16.1.2</a>.) A popular interjection is\nsuda mu ‘of course’, also an expression of (annoyed) encouragement.\nPost-verbal suda is also used an emphatic marker, as in North Moluccan\nMalay, Ambon Malay and Kupang Malay . Hari apa ‘which day’ and apa\nkabar ‘how are you’ are not valid questions; instead, kapan ‘when’\nand bagaimana ‘how’ are used. Ka is a common tag for polar questions\nor as a confirmation-seeker. O is commonly used for emphasis: tarada\noooo ‘nothing; don’t worry; nothing’s going on’. \nThere are several parallels between the local Malay and Kalamang\ngrammar, especially in discourse and information structure, but because\nmy knowledge of Malay varieties is limited I cannot determine the\ndirection of influence. Examples are the use of the question word ‘how’\nas a greeting or curses with a subject + makan kau ‘eat you’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a>). Several interjections show\nsimilarities, e.g. Malay sudah mu with some and Malay o with o\n(also tarada o with ge o\n§<a href=\"#sec:opq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:opq\">[sec:opq]</a>). They are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:idphon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:idphon\">[sec:idphon]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Demonstratives", "Header 2": "Demonstrative function", "Header 3": "Distal me ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>’", "Header 4": "Spatial use" }, "passage": "Distal demonstrative me occurs adnominally, pronominally and\nidentificationally, prototypically to indicate referents that are\nrelatively far from the speaker. There are no adnominal examples in the\nnaturalistic corpus that are clearly spatial, so an elicited example is\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:demadme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demadme\">[exe:demadme]</a>). It was elicited for a\nsituation where the speaker points at one of the addressee’s teeth\n(scene 2 from ). \n<span id=\"exe:demadme\" label=\"exe:demadme\"></span> gier-ca me me\nten\ntooth-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbad\n‘That tooth of yours is bad.’ \nIn object position, the distal demonstrative has the form met, as is\nillustrated for pronominal use\nin(<a href=\"#exe:demprome\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demprome\">[exe:demprome]</a>). The distal\ndemonstrative refers to betel nuts, which the referent of ma ‘she’\nwent to look for in another house. \n<span id=\"exe:demprome\" label=\"exe:demprome\"></span> ma met=a\nsanggara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj=foc</span> search\n‘She searches for that.’ \nIdentificational examples are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:demidme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demidme\">[exe:demidme]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:demidmeme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:demidmeme\">[exe:demidmeme]</a>). Like for proximal\nforms, the distal demonstrative follows a focused noun and precedes a\ntopic marker. \n<span id=\"exe:demidme\" label=\"exe:demidme\"></span> naharen-un=a me\nleftover-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘That is the leftover.’ \n<span id=\"exe:demidmeme\" label=\"exe:demidmeme\"></span> et me me\ncanoe <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘That is the canoe.’ \nDistal metko ‘there’ is used for indicating the location of referents\naway from the speaker.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:maulma\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:maulma\">[exe:maulma]</a>), the distal location is\nfirst specified (the sea) and then referred to with metko.\n(<a href=\"#exe:kasawari\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kasawari\">[exe:kasawari]</a>) is from a story about\na dog and a cassowary which chased each other into the sea and became\nrock formations. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nse kewe=ka kuru di=maruat=kin=ta to me karena ... mu maulma ran\nmetko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> bring\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nright <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> because\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> bend move\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n‘They wanted to bring \\[the corpse\\] from the house to the sea, right,\nbecause \\[...\\] they go there and bend \\[it straight\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:maulma\" label=\"exe:maulma\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nbal=nan ma dalang=i pasier=ko yie marua\ndog=too <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\njump=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> swim move_seawards\n‘The dog also jumped in the sea and swam away from the shore.’ kasawari\nse metko telin\ncassowary <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span> stay\n‘The cassowary stayed there.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:kasawari\" label=\"exe:kasawari\"></span> \n</div> \nMetko, like other NPs carrying a locative postposition, can be used\npredicatively, essentially meaning ‘to be there’. Mengga, like other\nNPs carrying the lative postposition, must always be used in combination\nwith other verbs. An example is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mengga1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mengga1\">[exe:mengga1]</a>). Complex source, goal\nand location constructions are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcgoal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcgoal\">[sec:mvcgoal]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nterus mengga koi Ibrahim tanbes=ko mengga koi Arepnengga bara\nfurther <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> then Ibrahim\nright=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> from_there then\nArepner.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> descend\n‘Further from there there’s Ibrahim on the right, from there down to\nArepner.’ <span id=\"exe:mengga1\" label=\"exe:mengga1\"></span> \n</div> \nIme is occasionally used as short for (i)metko. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkanas ep-kon=a marua ime\nkind_of_fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_group</span>-one=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘A school of kanas swims towards sea (there?).’ <span id=\"exe:ime\"\nlabel=\"exe:ime\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 43, "level": "low_resource", "question": "There are no lontar palms here.", "split": "train" }
Ma kadenunat muk, naunun nasuarik.	He shook his body, his soil scattered.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: He shook his body, his soil scattered.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"He\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: receive\nKalamang translation: tarima\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"He\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"shook\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fishing hook\nKalamang translation: kaling\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"shook\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: shoot with gun\nKalamang translation: sair\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"his\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like this\nKalamang translation: wandi; yuwandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"his\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: his wife\nKalamang translation: kieun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"body\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: body hair\nKalamang translation: kadenenen\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"body\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: body\nKalamang translation: eren; kaden\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"his\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like this\nKalamang translation: wandi; yuwandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"his\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: his wife\nKalamang translation: kieun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"soil\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: boil\nKalamang translation: nasomit; sabet; laur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"soil\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: soil\nKalamang translation: naun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"scattered\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: it doesn't matter\nKalamang translation: don konkonin\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"scattered\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: scattered\nKalamang translation: nasuarik\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"He\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He wants to go to school but he doesn't have a book.\nKalamang translation: Ma sekolain ba buk saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"He\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He is talking with Yaban's father.\nKalamang translation: Mier Yaban esaunbona garunggarung.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"shook\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My shoulder hurts, I'm sending for Ruslan's grandmother to heal it.\nKalamang translation: Bekieman ningda an sirie nene Ruslan paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"shook\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: (If) I look at food I already feel full.\nKalamang translation: An muawat komera an se narasa kabor.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"his\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends planted a girawar tree at the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu girawarat oskol owatko kawaya.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"his\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends live on the mainland over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu distrik owa gocie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"body\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That Javanese man has long body hair.\nKalamang translation: Jawaca yumene ma kadenenun kahen.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"body\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alif doesn't eat, his body is weak.\nKalamang translation: Alif me ma muapninda, ma kaloum.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"his\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends planted a girawar tree at the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu girawarat oskol owatko kawaya.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"his\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends live on the mainland over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu distrik owa gocie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"soil\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: In Gorom there are many clove trees, not so many nutmegs.\nKalamang translation: Walaka me cengki reidak, sayang me kurang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"soil\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Above the school there is red soil.\nKalamang translation: Naun kerkap sikola kerun me.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"scattered\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I have a shirt with a white pattern.\nKalamang translation: Ladanan me bungaun iriskap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"scattered\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor ordered Salima's grandfather to make a window.\nKalamang translation: Mayora sirie Salima taraun jendela paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nA suffix -p was attested on reduplicated directional verbs, and is\nlikely a distributive or pluractional marker, though there are not\ncurrently enough data to determine this. Both attested examples are from\ndescriptions of big events: a wedding and a funeral. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum reidak me marua-p∼marua-p=te\nperson many <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nmove_seawards-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Many people came.’ sontum se tan-kinkin=te ecie-p∼cie-p\nperson <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nhand-hold=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nreturn-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\n‘People shook hands and returned.’ \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe predicate clitic =te marks a predicate as non-final. It can be\nfound on predicates followed by a clause with the same arguments, in\nwhich case the arguments are typically left out and the two predicates\ndirectly follow each other.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tankin\">[exe:tankin]</a>), tankinkin ‘to shake\nhands’ is followed by ecie ‘to return’. The clause following a\npredicate with =te may also have different arguments.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:mure\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mure\">[exe:mure]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:gonggungde\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gonggungde\">[exe:gonggungde]</a>), =te occurs on\nthe last verb of a clause, which is followed by a clause with another\nsubject, but which expresses an event that is related to the event in\nthe first clause. The relation is typically temporal (sequential) and\nslightly causal, but note that =te is never obligatory, and that\nsequentiality and causality may be expressed in other ways (as touched\nupon earlier in §<a href=\"#sec:clacomb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clacomb\">[sec:clacomb]</a>). =te is a versatile\nway of tying states and events together, without forcing a particular\nreading of the exact relation between the propositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum se tankinkin=te ecie-p∼cie-p\nperson <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nshake_hands=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nreturn-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\n‘People shook hands and returned.’ <span id=\"exe:tankin\"\nlabel=\"exe:tankin\"></span> ka mu ∅=te mu na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> consume\n‘You give \\[the food\\] to them, they eat. <span id=\"exe:mure\"\nlabel=\"exe:mure\"></span> kiun=at me ma gonggung=te ma kirarun=ko\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ncall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘His wife he calls, she \\[comes and sits\\] beside him.’\n<span id=\"exe:gonggungde\" label=\"exe:gonggungde\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =te is very common on bo ‘to go’ when it has the meaning\n‘to turn’, ‘to become’, or ‘until’. The predicates that follow bo=te\nin(<a href=\"#exe:borenain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:borenain\">[exe:borenain]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:boreyuol\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:boreyuol\">[exe:boreyuol]</a>) are nominal. Bo is\nalso used with non-final =te in its original sense, ‘to go’, when\ncombined with a location predicate, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sikanbo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikanbo\">[exe:sikanbo]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:borenain\" label=\"exe:borenain\"></span> se bo=te nain\npanggala naun=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\"><span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span></span>\nlike cassava fruit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\n‘\\[It’s\\] already becoming as big as a cassava.’ bo=te yuol me eba\nmetko nene toni o an kona\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> day\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span> grandmother say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">surpr</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nsee\n‘Until that day, only then grandmother said: “Oh, I see.”’\n<span id=\"exe:boreyuol\" label=\"exe:boreyuol\"></span> sikan bo=te\ntepeles nerun=ko\ncat go=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> jar\ninside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘The cat goes inside the jar.’ <span id=\"exe:sikanbo\"\nlabel=\"exe:sikanbo\"></span> \n</div> \nThe difference between non-final =te and eba ‘then’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:seqconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:seqconj\">[sec:seqconj]</a>) or tail-head linking\nwith =ikoyet (§<a href=\"#sec:tailhead\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:tailhead\">[sec:tailhead]</a>) is that the latter two\nstrategies are clause-chaining strategies, and non-final =te only\nlinks one event or action to another. \nThe difference between predicate linker =i\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvci\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvci\">14.1</a>) and non-final =te is that =i is\nexclusively used within the clause, which means that the verbs linked by\n=i must have the same arguments, whereas =te relates states and\nevents across clauses. Moreover, verb linker =i is used in complex\npredicates with certain semantics such as those expressing complex\nmotion, while =te is not associated with specific verb semantics.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: He shook his body, his soil scattered.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Ma kadenunat muk, naunun nasuarik.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Ma kadenunat muk, naunun nasuarik.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Mood, aspect and modality marking", "Header 3": "Aspect", "Header 4": "Distributive -p ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>’" }, "passage": "A suffix -p was attested on reduplicated directional verbs, and is\nlikely a distributive or pluractional marker, though there are not\ncurrently enough data to determine this. Both attested examples are from\ndescriptions of big events: a wedding and a funeral. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum reidak me marua-p∼marua-p=te\nperson many <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nmove_seawards-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Many people came.’ sontum se tan-kinkin=te ecie-p∼cie-p\nperson <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nhand-hold=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nreturn-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\n‘People shook hands and returned.’ \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Multiclausal constructions", "Header 2": "Coordination-like clause combining", "Header 3": "Non-final clauses", "Header 4": "Non-final =te" }, "passage": "The predicate clitic =te marks a predicate as non-final. It can be\nfound on predicates followed by a clause with the same arguments, in\nwhich case the arguments are typically left out and the two predicates\ndirectly follow each other.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tankin\">[exe:tankin]</a>), tankinkin ‘to shake\nhands’ is followed by ecie ‘to return’. The clause following a\npredicate with =te may also have different arguments.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:mure\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mure\">[exe:mure]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:gonggungde\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gonggungde\">[exe:gonggungde]</a>), =te occurs on\nthe last verb of a clause, which is followed by a clause with another\nsubject, but which expresses an event that is related to the event in\nthe first clause. The relation is typically temporal (sequential) and\nslightly causal, but note that =te is never obligatory, and that\nsequentiality and causality may be expressed in other ways (as touched\nupon earlier in §<a href=\"#sec:clacomb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clacomb\">[sec:clacomb]</a>). =te is a versatile\nway of tying states and events together, without forcing a particular\nreading of the exact relation between the propositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum se tankinkin=te ecie-p∼cie-p\nperson <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nshake_hands=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nreturn-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\n‘People shook hands and returned.’ <span id=\"exe:tankin\"\nlabel=\"exe:tankin\"></span> ka mu ∅=te mu na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> consume\n‘You give \\[the food\\] to them, they eat. <span id=\"exe:mure\"\nlabel=\"exe:mure\"></span> kiun=at me ma gonggung=te ma kirarun=ko\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ncall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘His wife he calls, she \\[comes and sits\\] beside him.’\n<span id=\"exe:gonggungde\" label=\"exe:gonggungde\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =te is very common on bo ‘to go’ when it has the meaning\n‘to turn’, ‘to become’, or ‘until’. The predicates that follow bo=te\nin(<a href=\"#exe:borenain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:borenain\">[exe:borenain]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:boreyuol\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:boreyuol\">[exe:boreyuol]</a>) are nominal. Bo is\nalso used with non-final =te in its original sense, ‘to go’, when\ncombined with a location predicate, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sikanbo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikanbo\">[exe:sikanbo]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:borenain\" label=\"exe:borenain\"></span> se bo=te nain\npanggala naun=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\"><span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span></span>\nlike cassava fruit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\n‘\\[It’s\\] already becoming as big as a cassava.’ bo=te yuol me eba\nmetko nene toni o an kona\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> day\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span> grandmother say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">surpr</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nsee\n‘Until that day, only then grandmother said: “Oh, I see.”’\n<span id=\"exe:boreyuol\" label=\"exe:boreyuol\"></span> sikan bo=te\ntepeles nerun=ko\ncat go=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> jar\ninside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘The cat goes inside the jar.’ <span id=\"exe:sikanbo\"\nlabel=\"exe:sikanbo\"></span> \n</div> \nThe difference between non-final =te and eba ‘then’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:seqconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:seqconj\">[sec:seqconj]</a>) or tail-head linking\nwith =ikoyet (§<a href=\"#sec:tailhead\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:tailhead\">[sec:tailhead]</a>) is that the latter two\nstrategies are clause-chaining strategies, and non-final =te only\nlinks one event or action to another. \nThe difference between predicate linker =i\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvci\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvci\">14.1</a>) and non-final =te is that =i is\nexclusively used within the clause, which means that the verbs linked by\n=i must have the same arguments, whereas =te relates states and\nevents across clauses. Moreover, verb linker =i is used in complex\npredicates with certain semantics such as those expressing complex\nmotion, while =te is not associated with specific verb semantics." } ], "index": 44, "level": "low_resource", "question": "He shook his body, his soil scattered.", "split": "train" }
Moktar esun Kueimang deba.	Moktar's father is speaking Kilimala language.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Moktar's father is speaking Kilimala language.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Moktar\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mortar\nKalamang translation: rusing\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Moktar\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Fatar\nKalamang translation: Parar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: grandfather\nKalamang translation: tara esnem; tata; tete; esnem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: father\nKalamang translation: esa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"speaking\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: speak\nKalamang translation: ewa; ewawa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"speaking\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: speak Kalamang\nKalamang translation: Kalamangmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Kilimala\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: palala\nKalamang translation: kababa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Kilimala\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Kilimala language\nKalamang translation: Kueimang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"language\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Kalamang language\nKalamang translation: Kalamangmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"language\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: language\nKalamang translation: mang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Moktar\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are no lontar palms here.\nKalamang translation: Naiar me watko saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Moktar\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Moktar's father prohibited the harvest of his coconuts at Terar.\nKalamang translation: Moktar esun Terarko warat kalour.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's father hit and wounded his toenail.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun kor tanggalip dukta patin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Onin's father and family break down their house's roof.\nKalamang translation: Onin esun mu keweun sengunara maorek.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"speaking\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That crow is making a nest in the coconut.\nKalamang translation: Goras yume eunara wat kerunggo paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"speaking\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Grandmother is making a mat.\nKalamang translation: Nina irarparuo reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Kilimala\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother lost weight, she's small.\nKalamang translation: Saiilima emun kadenun tur, kaden cicaun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Kilimala\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dalima and Salima were fighting and Nazua blocked them.\nKalamang translation: Dalimabon Salimabon naras Nazua namot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"language\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"language\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: (She) comes from the Netherlands to learn our language.\nKalamang translation: Beladargara mia mangberat belajar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:discdems\" label=\"sec:discdems\"></span>\n<span id=\"sec:medisc\" label=\"sec:medisc\"></span> Several distal\ndemonstrative forms help in the organisation of discourse: as a\nsequential marker, to indicate the start of a new scene, or to end a\nsection of discourse. Topic marker me, probably related to the distal\nme, is discussed in §<a href=\"#sec:discme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discme\">[sec:discme]</a>. \nThe distal locative metko is used as a sequential marker in\nconditional clauses, often in combination with eba ‘then’, which can\nbe used on its own to express sequentiality. Adding distal metko to\neba ‘then’ focuses on the ending of the first state or event, before\nthe next can be started. This is illustrated in the following two\nexamples, where certain conditions must be met (the tide must be good,\nFriday must have passed) before the next event can take place. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwarkin tok bes=et eba metko pi war=et\ntide first good=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘When (lit. first) the tide is good, we go fishing.’\n<span id=\"exe:warkon\" label=\"exe:warkon\"></span> ka-mun tok bo=in\nariemun nasal=et eba metko bo=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span> yet\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span> friday\nopen=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘Don’t you go yet, after Friday has passed, go!’ <span id=\"exe:nasal\"\nlabel=\"exe:nasal\"></span> \n</div> \nDistal manner demonstrative mindi is used to indicate a new scene in a\nstory. (<a href=\"#exe:mindimu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mindimu\">[exe:mindimu]</a>) is uttered after an\nintermezzo in Papuan Malay. The story is taken up again starting with\nmindi. In (<a href=\"#exe:matyie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:matyie\">[exe:matyie]</a>), mindi marks the\ntransition between two scenes: that of the speaker going off for a swim,\nand that of his friend calling him. Mindi also indicates that some\ntime has passed between the speaker going off for a swim, and his friend\ncalling him. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n... Mindi mu he mara.\nmindi mu se mara\nlike_that <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_landwards\n‘And so they moved towards land.’ <span id=\"exe:mindimu\"\nlabel=\"exe:mindimu\"></span> An se mat jie mamuni kahen. Mindi ma anat\ngonggung ....\nan se mat yie mamun=i kahen mindi ma an=at gonggung ...\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> swim\nleave=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> far like_that\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span> call ...\n‘I went swimming, leaving him far behind. Then, he called me.’\n<span id=\"exe:matyie\" label=\"exe:matyie\"></span> \n</div> \nThe expression ma he me ‘that’s it’, containing distal me, is used\nto indicate the end of a paragraph, usually one that has a summary of\ndifferent things or actions, such as the list of ingredients\nin(<a href=\"#exe:gelompang\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gelompang\">[exe:gelompang]</a>). It can also close\noff an entire story, in combination with se koyet ‘finished’ (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:theend\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:theend\">[exe:theend]</a>, see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:closing\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:closing\">[sec:closing]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngelompang eba wat santang=bon terus kokok-nar eba nasuena ma se\nme\nbatter then coconut coconut_milk=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> then\nchicken-egg then sugar <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘The batter. With coconut milk, eggs, sugar, that’s it.’\n<span id=\"exe:gelompang\" label=\"exe:gelompang\"></span> ma se\nme se koyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfinish\n‘That’s it, finished.’ <span id=\"exe:theend\" label=\"exe:theend\"></span> \n</div> \nMa he me can also mean ‘that’s enough’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eih\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eih\">[exe:eih]</a>), where a monkey wants to be\nreleased from his cage. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \neih ma se me ma se me an=at kahetmei\nhey <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nopen.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘Hey, that’s enough, that’s enough, release me!’ <span id=\"exe:eih\"\nlabel=\"exe:eih\"></span> \n</div> \nFinally mera, possibly derived from distal demonstrative or topic\nmarker me and non-final =ta (homonymous with the focused object form\nof the distal demonstrative), is used as a conjunction for either\nsequential events as in(<a href=\"#exe:davite\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:davite\">[exe:davite]</a>) or for reason and\nconsequence as in(<a href=\"#exe:merame\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:merame\">[exe:merame]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nDavit esun tok Pakpao, ah mara nawanggaret. Mera Bilal esun toni oh\nNostal Arepneko.\nDavit esun tok Pakpak=ko ah ma=at=a nawanggar=et mera Bilal esun toni oh\nNostal Arep-neko\nDavit father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> still\nFakfak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=obj=foc</span>\nwait=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then Bilal\nfather.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> Nostal Arep-inside\n‘Davit’s father is still in Fakfak, we’ll wait for him \\[to do the\njob\\]. Then Bilal’s father said “Oh, Nostal in Arep!”’\n<span id=\"exe:davite\" label=\"exe:davite\"></span> Ma lalaren. Mera ma\nhe ecua.\nma lalat=ten mera ma se ecua\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ndead=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span> so\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncry\n‘She died. So he cried.’ <span id=\"exe:merame\"\nlabel=\"exe:merame\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Moktar's father is speaking Kilimala language.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Moktar esun Kueimang deba.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Moktar esun Kueimang deba.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Demonstratives", "Header 2": "Demonstrative function", "Header 3": "Distal me ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>’", "Header 4": "Discourse" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:discdems\" label=\"sec:discdems\"></span>\n<span id=\"sec:medisc\" label=\"sec:medisc\"></span> Several distal\ndemonstrative forms help in the organisation of discourse: as a\nsequential marker, to indicate the start of a new scene, or to end a\nsection of discourse. Topic marker me, probably related to the distal\nme, is discussed in §<a href=\"#sec:discme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discme\">[sec:discme]</a>. \nThe distal locative metko is used as a sequential marker in\nconditional clauses, often in combination with eba ‘then’, which can\nbe used on its own to express sequentiality. Adding distal metko to\neba ‘then’ focuses on the ending of the first state or event, before\nthe next can be started. This is illustrated in the following two\nexamples, where certain conditions must be met (the tide must be good,\nFriday must have passed) before the next event can take place. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwarkin tok bes=et eba metko pi war=et\ntide first good=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘When (lit. first) the tide is good, we go fishing.’\n<span id=\"exe:warkon\" label=\"exe:warkon\"></span> ka-mun tok bo=in\nariemun nasal=et eba metko bo=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span> yet\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span> friday\nopen=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘Don’t you go yet, after Friday has passed, go!’ <span id=\"exe:nasal\"\nlabel=\"exe:nasal\"></span> \n</div> \nDistal manner demonstrative mindi is used to indicate a new scene in a\nstory. (<a href=\"#exe:mindimu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mindimu\">[exe:mindimu]</a>) is uttered after an\nintermezzo in Papuan Malay. The story is taken up again starting with\nmindi. In (<a href=\"#exe:matyie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:matyie\">[exe:matyie]</a>), mindi marks the\ntransition between two scenes: that of the speaker going off for a swim,\nand that of his friend calling him. Mindi also indicates that some\ntime has passed between the speaker going off for a swim, and his friend\ncalling him. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n... Mindi mu he mara.\nmindi mu se mara\nlike_that <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_landwards\n‘And so they moved towards land.’ <span id=\"exe:mindimu\"\nlabel=\"exe:mindimu\"></span> An se mat jie mamuni kahen. Mindi ma anat\ngonggung ....\nan se mat yie mamun=i kahen mindi ma an=at gonggung ...\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> swim\nleave=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> far like_that\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span> call ...\n‘I went swimming, leaving him far behind. Then, he called me.’\n<span id=\"exe:matyie\" label=\"exe:matyie\"></span> \n</div> \nThe expression ma he me ‘that’s it’, containing distal me, is used\nto indicate the end of a paragraph, usually one that has a summary of\ndifferent things or actions, such as the list of ingredients\nin(<a href=\"#exe:gelompang\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gelompang\">[exe:gelompang]</a>). It can also close\noff an entire story, in combination with se koyet ‘finished’ (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:theend\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:theend\">[exe:theend]</a>, see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:closing\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:closing\">[sec:closing]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngelompang eba wat santang=bon terus kokok-nar eba nasuena ma se\nme\nbatter then coconut coconut_milk=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> then\nchicken-egg then sugar <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘The batter. With coconut milk, eggs, sugar, that’s it.’\n<span id=\"exe:gelompang\" label=\"exe:gelompang\"></span> ma se\nme se koyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfinish\n‘That’s it, finished.’ <span id=\"exe:theend\" label=\"exe:theend\"></span> \n</div> \nMa he me can also mean ‘that’s enough’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eih\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eih\">[exe:eih]</a>), where a monkey wants to be\nreleased from his cage. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \neih ma se me ma se me an=at kahetmei\nhey <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nopen.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘Hey, that’s enough, that’s enough, release me!’ <span id=\"exe:eih\"\nlabel=\"exe:eih\"></span> \n</div> \nFinally mera, possibly derived from distal demonstrative or topic\nmarker me and non-final =ta (homonymous with the focused object form\nof the distal demonstrative), is used as a conjunction for either\nsequential events as in(<a href=\"#exe:davite\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:davite\">[exe:davite]</a>) or for reason and\nconsequence as in(<a href=\"#exe:merame\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:merame\">[exe:merame]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nDavit esun tok Pakpao, ah mara nawanggaret. Mera Bilal esun toni oh\nNostal Arepneko.\nDavit esun tok Pakpak=ko ah ma=at=a nawanggar=et mera Bilal esun toni oh\nNostal Arep-neko\nDavit father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> still\nFakfak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=obj=foc</span>\nwait=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then Bilal\nfather.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> Nostal Arep-inside\n‘Davit’s father is still in Fakfak, we’ll wait for him \\[to do the\njob\\]. Then Bilal’s father said “Oh, Nostal in Arep!”’\n<span id=\"exe:davite\" label=\"exe:davite\"></span> Ma lalaren. Mera ma\nhe ecua.\nma lalat=ten mera ma se ecua\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ndead=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span> so\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncry\n‘She died. So he cried.’ <span id=\"exe:merame\"\nlabel=\"exe:merame\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Wordlist", "Header 2": "Wordlist Kalamang-English", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut" } ], "index": 45, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Moktar's father is speaking Kilimala language.", "split": "train" }
An asun menggara mara.	I go landwards at that edge.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: I go landwards at that edge.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go out\nKalamang translation: keluar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go quickly\nKalamang translation: sasat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"landwards\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go backwards\nKalamang translation: nasuk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"landwards\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: move towards land\nKalamang translation: mara; masara\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: laugh at\nKalamang translation: komayeki\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: at its place\nKalamang translation: terunggo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"that\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that have gone bad\nKalamang translation: tenenun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"that\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that\nKalamang translation: me\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"edge\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: beach edge\nKalamang translation: oskol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"edge\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: reef edge\nKalamang translation: tebol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother and family go searching for worms.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun mu bo ibanruo reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We go pick shells.\nKalamang translation: In bo tabuonkajie reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"landwards\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He went to land, and brought his brother back (seawards).\nKalamang translation: Ma he mara adiunat kuru marua.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"landwards\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Go seawards, seawards, seawards, there's tuna playing in the sea.\nKalamang translation: Ak, ak, ak, suagi wilao laur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many pandanus at the cape.\nKalamang translation: Diwadiwal karimunggo reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to go fishing at the dock.\nKalamang translation: An bo jambatanggoa warkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"that\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Aprilia's wish is that they go quickly.\nKalamang translation: Aprilia maun toni mu he loi boet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"that\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The rainbow that comes down from there blocks the wind.\nKalamang translation: Kalis tanggira he osangga bara urat namot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"edge\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They walked until the edge of the beach.\nKalamang translation: Mu marmari os koldun bo duk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"edge\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends planted a girawar tree at the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu girawarat oskol owatko kawaya.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nMalik: ‘I went fishing. I looked like this, “Hey, a ship at the shore up\nthere!” Then I sailed landwards. I sailed landwards, oh, it was a\ntourist.’ Eline: ‘What kind of ship?’ Malik: ‘A tourist ship, it was at\nTanggor.’ Sebi: ‘A small ship.’ Malik: ‘He came from Pulo Pisang, I\nasked, from Pulo Pisang. Then we watched. He went to throw the anchor.\nThen, a man. Is he wearing trousers or not? We were curious, right. So\nwe went. Mas said: “Let’s sail that way to look.” “Yes,” we sailed that\nway. We sailed that way until we stranded. Stranded, we looked, Mas\nsaid: “Hey, he isn’t wearing trousers!” He wasn’t wearing trousers, Mas\nsaid: “Hey, put on trousers!” He said: “Yes, yes, yes!” After getting a\ntowel, he threw it over his legs. His penis dangled.’ Sebi: ‘His bottom\nwas very white.’ Malik: ‘His penis dangled, then we sat chatting.\nChatting, he said: “Do you want to drink?” We said: “No.” He said: “I\njust give that to you guys, okay.” He gave us two bottles. Then he said:\n“If it’s possible, can I exchange the alcohol for lobster?” “Oh, yes,\nyes, yes.” Then we sailed back, got two lobsters, brought them back and\ngave them to him.’\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThere are three recurrent ways of presenting the protagonist(s) of a\nnarrative. In contrast to conversations, where the use of pronouns,\ndemonstratives and personal names is common, for the first mention of a\nnew subject, the protagonists of a narrative need to be introduced to\nthe audience. \nFirst, the protagonist(s) may be introduced by a generic category (e.g.\ntumun ‘child’), sometimes together with a numeral (typically kon\n‘one’, see for<a href=\"#exe:kelubg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kelubg\">[exe:kelubg]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:turison\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:turison\">[exe:turison]</a>) illustrates the\nintroduction of a person that the protagonist had spotted from afar. The\nperson is introduced as ‘a tourist’. The names of protagonists may or\nmay not be given later in the narrative. In Crab, the names of the\nprotagonists are given at the end of the story. In Married to a\nmermaid, they are given straight after introducing them (as part of the\nbackground information), and in The naked tourist the name of the\ntourist is never given. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan tiri mara o padahal turis-sontum\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> sail move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> actually tourist-person\n‘I sailed landwards, oh, in fact it was a tourist.’\n<span id=\"exe:turison\" label=\"exe:turison\"></span> \n</div> \nSecond, the protagonist(s) are introduced by a generic category and\nanaphoric demonstrative opa\n(§<a href=\"#sec:demopa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:demopa\">[sec:demopa]</a>), as was illustrated\nin<a href=\"#exe:miertet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:miertet\">[exe:miertet]</a>. A similar example\nis(<a href=\"#exe:kahopa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kahopa\">[exe:kahopa]</a>). The use of opa reveals\nthat the audience has or is supposed to have knowledge of the referent,\neither because it has been mentioned before (off-camera) or because it\nis assumed to be shared knowledge. The use of opa is also common in\nother genres, and can be combined with generic categories as well as\nwith personal names. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsekarang kahamin opa me mu se\nnow bird <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n‘Now, those birds, they...’ <span id=\"exe:kahopa\"\nlabel=\"exe:kahopa\"></span> \n</div> \nThird, the narrator may “fail” to introduce the protagonist(s) and refer\nto them with a pronoun. This happens in two stories that are about the\nKalamang forefathers (Kuawi and Finding water at Sui), who are\nreferred to with the third-person plural pronoun mu, and in\nKelengkeleng woman. The speaker starts the story with a third-person\nsingular pronoun\n(example<a href=\"#exe:wakmake\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wakmake\">[exe:wakmake]</a>), which refers to the\nmurderer which dominates the first half of the story. It is unclear\nwhether this is the consequence of some kind of introduction that was\ndone off-camera. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwaktu ma kewe-un yawetko ma tua=ta me\nwhen <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">down.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nlive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘When she lived in her house down there...’ <span id=\"exe:wakmake\"\nlabel=\"exe:wakmake\"></span> \n</div> \nAfter the first introduction, the protagonists are as much as possible\nreferred to with pronouns, or with names or their generic terms when\nthey need to be differentiated, for example, because of\nswitch-reference. This is no different from other genres in Kalamang.\nEither subject or object may be elided if they stay the same across\nclauses. See also §<a href=\"#sec:pragvar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:pragvar\">[sec:pragvar]</a>. \nThe switch from generic term to pronoun is illustrated\nin<a href=\"#exe:emunmasu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:emunmasu\">[exe:emunmasu]</a>. After the presentation\nof the protagonists (a mother and her two children) and some background\ninformation in Crab\n(example<a href=\"#exe:kelubg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kelubg\">[exe:kelubg]</a>), the narrator sets the\nsubject as emun ‘their mother’, and refers to the children as mier\n‘they two’. She repeats ‘their mother’ two times while setting the\nscene, and then switches to the pronoun. The pronoun use is maintained\nfor three clauses, when there is a change of subject to one of the\nchildren. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nemun se bo masu\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go night_fish\n‘Mother went night fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:emunmasu\"\nlabel=\"exe:emunmasu\"></span> mier kewe=ko emun se bo masu\nemun bo masu masu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go night_fish\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> go night_fish night_fish\n‘They two stayed in the house, their mother went fishing. Mother went\nfishing and fishing,’ sor saerak keluer-un et-kon\nfish <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\ncrab-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-one\n‘\\[but\\] there was no fish, she had one crab.’ keluer-un et-kon=a ma\nse kuru masara kiem neko mangang∼gang\ncrab-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-one=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbring move_landwards basket inside\nhang∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘She had one crab, she brought it landwards hanging in her basket.’ bo\ngo_dung ma toni keluer=at sair=tar eh an amdir=ka bo=et\ngo morning <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\ncrab=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nbake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘In the morning she said: “Bake the crab, I’ll go to the garden.”’\nma amdir=ka bo muap-ruo ... sair ba ki-mun na=in eh keluer-an=a\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go food-dig bake but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl-proh</span>\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\ncrab-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=foc</span>\n‘She went to the garden to dig up food. “Bake, but don’t you eat \\[it\\],\neh, my crab!”’ keluer opa sair=i koyet adik-un cicaun se minta\ncrab <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\nbake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nyounger_sibling.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly-3poss</span> small\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> beg\n‘After baking that crab, the younger brother already begs.’ ma se\npaning\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbeg\n‘He already begs.’ \n</div> \n</div> \nThe use of pronouns is less common in Linglong, where there is a\nconstant switch between the monkey and the cuscus. However, when they\nare referred to as a pair, the narrator always uses a third person dual\nor plural pronoun. Only when they are introduced are they referred to as\n‘cuscus and monkey’. (<a href=\"#exe:cusmon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:cusmon\">[exe:cusmon]</a>) shows a switch in\nreference from the monkey to the cuscus, followed by a pronominal\nreference to both of them. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nleki toni yo pi se bo parin=te\nmonkey say yes <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\nsell=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Monkey says: “Yes, let’s go sell.”’ kusukusu toni yo\ncuscus say yes\n‘Cuscus says: “Yes.”’ mu se et=at di=marua\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncanoe=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\n‘They moved the canoe towards sea \\[launched the canoe\\].’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:cusmon\" label=\"exe:cusmon\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: I go landwards at that edge.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "An asun menggara mara.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "An asun menggara mara.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Text", "Header 2": "Free translation", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "Malik: ‘I went fishing. I looked like this, “Hey, a ship at the shore up\nthere!” Then I sailed landwards. I sailed landwards, oh, it was a\ntourist.’ Eline: ‘What kind of ship?’ Malik: ‘A tourist ship, it was at\nTanggor.’ Sebi: ‘A small ship.’ Malik: ‘He came from Pulo Pisang, I\nasked, from Pulo Pisang. Then we watched. He went to throw the anchor.\nThen, a man. Is he wearing trousers or not? We were curious, right. So\nwe went. Mas said: “Let’s sail that way to look.” “Yes,” we sailed that\nway. We sailed that way until we stranded. Stranded, we looked, Mas\nsaid: “Hey, he isn’t wearing trousers!” He wasn’t wearing trousers, Mas\nsaid: “Hey, put on trousers!” He said: “Yes, yes, yes!” After getting a\ntowel, he threw it over his legs. His penis dangled.’ Sebi: ‘His bottom\nwas very white.’ Malik: ‘His penis dangled, then we sat chatting.\nChatting, he said: “Do you want to drink?” We said: “No.” He said: “I\njust give that to you guys, okay.” He gave us two bottles. Then he said:\n“If it’s possible, can I exchange the alcohol for lobster?” “Oh, yes,\nyes, yes.” Then we sailed back, got two lobsters, brought them back and\ngave them to him.’" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "The structure of narratives", "Header 3": "Presenting the protagonist(s) and participant tracking", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "There are three recurrent ways of presenting the protagonist(s) of a\nnarrative. In contrast to conversations, where the use of pronouns,\ndemonstratives and personal names is common, for the first mention of a\nnew subject, the protagonists of a narrative need to be introduced to\nthe audience. \nFirst, the protagonist(s) may be introduced by a generic category (e.g.\ntumun ‘child’), sometimes together with a numeral (typically kon\n‘one’, see for<a href=\"#exe:kelubg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kelubg\">[exe:kelubg]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:turison\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:turison\">[exe:turison]</a>) illustrates the\nintroduction of a person that the protagonist had spotted from afar. The\nperson is introduced as ‘a tourist’. The names of protagonists may or\nmay not be given later in the narrative. In Crab, the names of the\nprotagonists are given at the end of the story. In Married to a\nmermaid, they are given straight after introducing them (as part of the\nbackground information), and in The naked tourist the name of the\ntourist is never given. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan tiri mara o padahal turis-sontum\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> sail move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> actually tourist-person\n‘I sailed landwards, oh, in fact it was a tourist.’\n<span id=\"exe:turison\" label=\"exe:turison\"></span> \n</div> \nSecond, the protagonist(s) are introduced by a generic category and\nanaphoric demonstrative opa\n(§<a href=\"#sec:demopa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:demopa\">[sec:demopa]</a>), as was illustrated\nin<a href=\"#exe:miertet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:miertet\">[exe:miertet]</a>. A similar example\nis(<a href=\"#exe:kahopa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kahopa\">[exe:kahopa]</a>). The use of opa reveals\nthat the audience has or is supposed to have knowledge of the referent,\neither because it has been mentioned before (off-camera) or because it\nis assumed to be shared knowledge. The use of opa is also common in\nother genres, and can be combined with generic categories as well as\nwith personal names. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsekarang kahamin opa me mu se\nnow bird <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n‘Now, those birds, they...’ <span id=\"exe:kahopa\"\nlabel=\"exe:kahopa\"></span> \n</div> \nThird, the narrator may “fail” to introduce the protagonist(s) and refer\nto them with a pronoun. This happens in two stories that are about the\nKalamang forefathers (Kuawi and Finding water at Sui), who are\nreferred to with the third-person plural pronoun mu, and in\nKelengkeleng woman. The speaker starts the story with a third-person\nsingular pronoun\n(example<a href=\"#exe:wakmake\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wakmake\">[exe:wakmake]</a>), which refers to the\nmurderer which dominates the first half of the story. It is unclear\nwhether this is the consequence of some kind of introduction that was\ndone off-camera. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwaktu ma kewe-un yawetko ma tua=ta me\nwhen <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">down.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nlive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘When she lived in her house down there...’ <span id=\"exe:wakmake\"\nlabel=\"exe:wakmake\"></span> \n</div> \nAfter the first introduction, the protagonists are as much as possible\nreferred to with pronouns, or with names or their generic terms when\nthey need to be differentiated, for example, because of\nswitch-reference. This is no different from other genres in Kalamang.\nEither subject or object may be elided if they stay the same across\nclauses. See also §<a href=\"#sec:pragvar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:pragvar\">[sec:pragvar]</a>. \nThe switch from generic term to pronoun is illustrated\nin<a href=\"#exe:emunmasu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:emunmasu\">[exe:emunmasu]</a>. After the presentation\nof the protagonists (a mother and her two children) and some background\ninformation in Crab\n(example<a href=\"#exe:kelubg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kelubg\">[exe:kelubg]</a>), the narrator sets the\nsubject as emun ‘their mother’, and refers to the children as mier\n‘they two’. She repeats ‘their mother’ two times while setting the\nscene, and then switches to the pronoun. The pronoun use is maintained\nfor three clauses, when there is a change of subject to one of the\nchildren. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nemun se bo masu\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go night_fish\n‘Mother went night fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:emunmasu\"\nlabel=\"exe:emunmasu\"></span> mier kewe=ko emun se bo masu\nemun bo masu masu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go night_fish\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> go night_fish night_fish\n‘They two stayed in the house, their mother went fishing. Mother went\nfishing and fishing,’ sor saerak keluer-un et-kon\nfish <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\ncrab-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-one\n‘\\[but\\] there was no fish, she had one crab.’ keluer-un et-kon=a ma\nse kuru masara kiem neko mangang∼gang\ncrab-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-one=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbring move_landwards basket inside\nhang∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘She had one crab, she brought it landwards hanging in her basket.’ bo\ngo_dung ma toni keluer=at sair=tar eh an amdir=ka bo=et\ngo morning <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\ncrab=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nbake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘In the morning she said: “Bake the crab, I’ll go to the garden.”’\nma amdir=ka bo muap-ruo ... sair ba ki-mun na=in eh keluer-an=a\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go food-dig bake but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl-proh</span>\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\ncrab-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=foc</span>\n‘She went to the garden to dig up food. “Bake, but don’t you eat \\[it\\],\neh, my crab!”’ keluer opa sair=i koyet adik-un cicaun se minta\ncrab <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\nbake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nyounger_sibling.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly-3poss</span> small\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> beg\n‘After baking that crab, the younger brother already begs.’ ma se\npaning\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbeg\n‘He already begs.’ \n</div> \n</div> \nThe use of pronouns is less common in Linglong, where there is a\nconstant switch between the monkey and the cuscus. However, when they\nare referred to as a pair, the narrator always uses a third person dual\nor plural pronoun. Only when they are introduced are they referred to as\n‘cuscus and monkey’. (<a href=\"#exe:cusmon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:cusmon\">[exe:cusmon]</a>) shows a switch in\nreference from the monkey to the cuscus, followed by a pronominal\nreference to both of them. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nleki toni yo pi se bo parin=te\nmonkey say yes <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\nsell=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Monkey says: “Yes, let’s go sell.”’ kusukusu toni yo\ncuscus say yes\n‘Cuscus says: “Yes.”’ mu se et=at di=marua\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncanoe=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\n‘They moved the canoe towards sea \\[launched the canoe\\].’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:cusmon\" label=\"exe:cusmon\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 46, "level": "low_resource", "question": "I go landwards at that edge.", "split": "train" }
An keitpisia min.	I sleep with my face up (i.e. on my back).	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: I sleep with my face up (i.e. on my back).\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sleep\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: deep\nKalamang translation: karan; naman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sleep\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sleep\nKalamang translation: min\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"with\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: shore birds with long feet\nKalamang translation: sikekan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"with\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: run away with woman\nKalamang translation: girgir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"my\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Saturday\nKalamang translation: sabtu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"my\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: slimy\nKalamang translation: kanggarom\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"face\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: face\nKalamang translation: kanggirar; konasur; namangadap\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"face\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: wash face\nKalamang translation: kanggisawuo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"up\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: put up\nKalamang translation: napasang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"up\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: line up\nKalamang translation: nabaris\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"i\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: inside canoe\nKalamang translation: kanggurun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"i\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: imam\nKalamang translation: leba\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"e\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: space under a house\nKalamang translation: sabarak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"e\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"on\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pass on\nKalamang translation: sarakan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"on\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: on coral\nKalamang translation: terarkeit\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"my\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Saturday\nKalamang translation: sabtu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"my\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: slimy\nKalamang translation: kanggarom\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"back\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: turn back to\nKalamang translation: kosilep\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"back\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: back\nKalamang translation: ep; silep; suol; or\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sleep\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: His sleeping area is dirty.\nKalamang translation: Minggalorun me kotur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sleep\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother sleeps but Desi woke her up.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun min ba Desi mat nawarar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"with\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Muklis' mother have sack of rice with many husks.\nKalamang translation: Muklis emun me pasun goni kon me kupkuwun reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"with\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Before, they fetched water with a spoon.\nKalamang translation: Wiseme mu gusigia perjie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"my\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm eating maize, my jaw is tired.\nKalamang translation: An ketelesat nara kanggusan nauware.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"my\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'll comb my hear first.\nKalamang translation: An tok nakalanat sisiret.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"face\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Place that rack in the light.\nKalamang translation: Rak yume di goraruo maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"face\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That Javanese woman has a slightly wide face.\nKalamang translation: Jawawas yumene kanggirarun lauskaning bolon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"up\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He himself tidied his house up there.\nKalamang translation: Marain keweun osane nawanona.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"up\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is firewood up there.\nKalamang translation: Kai me keit owatko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"i\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many lusi muaun trees at Sar, but they are dry.\nKalamang translation: Lusi muaun me Sarko reidak ma ma he sasa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"i\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They go live in an empty place.\nKalamang translation: Mu bo go saerak tua reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"e\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They kindled a fire and there were many embers.\nKalamang translation: Mu dinat upta din songsong reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"e\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They two are diving for red cluster whip.\nKalamang translation: Mier waranggeit koar teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"on\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dian's mother went to pour water on Binkur's father.\nKalamang translation: Dian emun Binkur esunat pergi konggareor.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"on\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Abas's mother's family are making a garden on the cape with grass.\nKalamang translation: Abas emun mu kaman karimunggoa amdirat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"my\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm eating maize, my jaw is tired.\nKalamang translation: An ketelesat nara kanggusan nauware.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"my\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'll comb my hear first.\nKalamang translation: An tok nakalanat sisiret.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"back\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He went to land, and brought his brother back (seawards).\nKalamang translation: Ma he mara adiunat kuru marua.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"back\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun gave back his shirt to Jikri.\nKalamang translation: Alun ladanunat namasuk Jikri kongga.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nFollowing , I briefly sketch the background to this study and disclose\nthe identity and roles of stakeholders in the project. This project\nbegan with an exploratory field trip to Karas (following the advice of\nMark Donohue), which resulted in a grammar sketch with a focus on\nphonology , my master’s thesis. For my PhD, my goal was to write a\nreference grammar of Kalamang, supplemented with an audiovisual corpus\nof Kalamang speech and a Kalamang-English-Papuan Malay dictionary. This\nformed the most important part of my PhD studies, with my salary and\nsome expenses paid for by Lund University, Sweden. While the topic for\nthe PhD thesis was chosen by myself, the methodology and analysis were\ndeveloped in consultation with supervisors. Field trips, equipment and\nconferences were sponsored by several Swedish foundations, which are\nlisted in the acknowledgements. None of the funding bodies had influence\non the topic, methodology or outcomes of this study. This grammar is a\nslightly adapted version of my PhD thesis.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThere are two elements, a clitic and a word, that mark when a\nproposition is repeated. They can be combined. \nThe clitic =taet ‘more; again’, which is attached to the predicate,\nindicates that the proposition is repeated, continued or extended. It\nalmost invariably co-occurs with koi ‘again’, which is further\nillustrated below. (<a href=\"#exe:taet1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:taet1\">[exe:taet1]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:taet2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:taet2\">[exe:taet2]</a>) show =taet together with\nkoi. In the latter, the meaning conveyed is slightly more that of\nrepetition than of continuation. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma koi baran=taet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> then descend=more\n‘Then he goes further down.’ <span id=\"exe:taet1\"\nlabel=\"exe:taet1\"></span> ibu nawanggar in koi sanggaran=taet\nmiss wait <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> again search=again\n‘Miss waits and we search again.’ <span id=\"exe:taet2\"\nlabel=\"exe:taet2\"></span> ma se kamera nerun=ka keluar=taet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncamera inside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> exit-again\n‘She already went out of (the view of) the camera again.’ \n</div> \nIn a few cases, =taet is also found on pronouns, when the actor is in\nfocus rather than the action.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:taet3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:taet3\">[exe:taet3]</a>), where the speaker and the\naddressee are taking turns describing objects, the speaker encliticises\n=taet to the pronoun, because the focus is on who is talking. (Cf.\nEnglish ‘Now YOU again speak’ vs. ‘Now you SPEAK again’). Similarly,\nin(<a href=\"#exe:andaet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:andaet\">[exe:andaet]</a>), which is take from a\nstory about a monkey and a cuscus who keep switching places in a boat,\nthe focus is on the pronoun an ‘I’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka=taet ewa=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>=again\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘You speak again.’ <span id=\"exe:taet3\" label=\"exe:taet3\"></span> ka me\nor=ko an=taet bo sabar=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nstern=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>=again go\nbow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘You are at the stern, I again go to the bow.’ <span id=\"exe:andaet\"\nlabel=\"exe:andaet\"></span> \n</div> \nKoi ‘again’ indicates repetition of an event. Its placement is\nvariable. In(<a href=\"#exe:koi1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:koi1\">[exe:koi1]</a>), koi precedes the object and\nthe verb, but in(<a href=\"#exe:koi2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:koi2\">[exe:koi2]</a>) it follows the object and\nprecedes the verb. In clauses without object, such\nas(<a href=\"#exe:koi3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:koi3\">[exe:koi3]</a>), koi is between the subject\nand the verb. Koi always follows aspectual markers se and tok. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma koi kaluar ma koi kiun=at tu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again exit\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nhit\n‘\\[If\\] he goes out again he’ll hit his wife again.’ <span id=\"exe:koi1\"\nlabel=\"exe:koi1\"></span> an se mat koi pouk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> again carry_on_back\n‘I carried him on my back again.’ <span id=\"exe:koi2\"\nlabel=\"exe:koi2\"></span> go_dung inier se koi bot\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> again go\n‘In the morning we left again.’ <span id=\"exe:koi3\"\nlabel=\"exe:koi3\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: I sleep with my face up (i.e. on my back).\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "An keitpisia min.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "An keitpisia min.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "This study", "Header 3": "Background to this study", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "Following , I briefly sketch the background to this study and disclose\nthe identity and roles of stakeholders in the project. This project\nbegan with an exploratory field trip to Karas (following the advice of\nMark Donohue), which resulted in a grammar sketch with a focus on\nphonology , my master’s thesis. For my PhD, my goal was to write a\nreference grammar of Kalamang, supplemented with an audiovisual corpus\nof Kalamang speech and a Kalamang-English-Papuan Malay dictionary. This\nformed the most important part of my PhD studies, with my salary and\nsome expenses paid for by Lund University, Sweden. While the topic for\nthe PhD thesis was chosen by myself, the methodology and analysis were\ndeveloped in consultation with supervisors. Field trips, equipment and\nconferences were sponsored by several Swedish foundations, which are\nlisted in the acknowledgements. None of the funding bodies had influence\non the topic, methodology or outcomes of this study. This grammar is a\nslightly adapted version of my PhD thesis." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Adverbial modifiers", "Header 3": "More, again", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "There are two elements, a clitic and a word, that mark when a\nproposition is repeated. They can be combined. \nThe clitic =taet ‘more; again’, which is attached to the predicate,\nindicates that the proposition is repeated, continued or extended. It\nalmost invariably co-occurs with koi ‘again’, which is further\nillustrated below. (<a href=\"#exe:taet1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:taet1\">[exe:taet1]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:taet2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:taet2\">[exe:taet2]</a>) show =taet together with\nkoi. In the latter, the meaning conveyed is slightly more that of\nrepetition than of continuation. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma koi baran=taet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> then descend=more\n‘Then he goes further down.’ <span id=\"exe:taet1\"\nlabel=\"exe:taet1\"></span> ibu nawanggar in koi sanggaran=taet\nmiss wait <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> again search=again\n‘Miss waits and we search again.’ <span id=\"exe:taet2\"\nlabel=\"exe:taet2\"></span> ma se kamera nerun=ka keluar=taet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncamera inside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> exit-again\n‘She already went out of (the view of) the camera again.’ \n</div> \nIn a few cases, =taet is also found on pronouns, when the actor is in\nfocus rather than the action.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:taet3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:taet3\">[exe:taet3]</a>), where the speaker and the\naddressee are taking turns describing objects, the speaker encliticises\n=taet to the pronoun, because the focus is on who is talking. (Cf.\nEnglish ‘Now YOU again speak’ vs. ‘Now you SPEAK again’). Similarly,\nin(<a href=\"#exe:andaet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:andaet\">[exe:andaet]</a>), which is take from a\nstory about a monkey and a cuscus who keep switching places in a boat,\nthe focus is on the pronoun an ‘I’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka=taet ewa=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>=again\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘You speak again.’ <span id=\"exe:taet3\" label=\"exe:taet3\"></span> ka me\nor=ko an=taet bo sabar=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nstern=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>=again go\nbow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘You are at the stern, I again go to the bow.’ <span id=\"exe:andaet\"\nlabel=\"exe:andaet\"></span> \n</div> \nKoi ‘again’ indicates repetition of an event. Its placement is\nvariable. In(<a href=\"#exe:koi1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:koi1\">[exe:koi1]</a>), koi precedes the object and\nthe verb, but in(<a href=\"#exe:koi2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:koi2\">[exe:koi2]</a>) it follows the object and\nprecedes the verb. In clauses without object, such\nas(<a href=\"#exe:koi3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:koi3\">[exe:koi3]</a>), koi is between the subject\nand the verb. Koi always follows aspectual markers se and tok. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma koi kaluar ma koi kiun=at tu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again exit\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nhit\n‘\\[If\\] he goes out again he’ll hit his wife again.’ <span id=\"exe:koi1\"\nlabel=\"exe:koi1\"></span> an se mat koi pouk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> again carry_on_back\n‘I carried him on my back again.’ <span id=\"exe:koi2\"\nlabel=\"exe:koi2\"></span> go_dung inier se koi bot\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> again go\n‘In the morning we left again.’ <span id=\"exe:koi3\"\nlabel=\"exe:koi3\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 47, "level": "low_resource", "question": "I sleep with my face up (i.e. on my back).", "split": "train" }
Rustam kokoun nalat.	Rustam's chicken is dead.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Rustam's chicken is dead.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Rustam\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: stab\nKalamang translation: komain; konamin\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Rustam\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: ark clam\nKalamang translation: wasorak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"chicken\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chicken egg\nKalamang translation: kokok narun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"chicken\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chicken\nKalamang translation: kokok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"dead\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: read\nKalamang translation: nabaca\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"dead\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: dead\nKalamang translation: korek; somin\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Rustam\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rustam's grandmother has a mole on her eyelid.\nKalamang translation: Rustam taraun merar kon kanggir pulunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Rustam\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rustam's grandmother spit on me by accident.\nKalamang translation: Rustam taraun anat salai koalom.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"chicken\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The lizard ate a chicken.\nKalamang translation: Iwora ma me kokowara na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"chicken\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Expel the chicken first!\nKalamang translation: Ka tok kokoat arteǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"dead\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi and family are gone to cut down a forest breadfruit.\nKalamang translation: Bobi mu bo katawenggawuorma reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"dead\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We went to get Mustafa's father to read the Thursday prayers.\nKalamang translation: In Mustafa esun rewet malamat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:wcnoun\" label=\"sec:wcnoun\"></span> The open class of nouns\nconsists of words that can be marked with possessive morphology.\nSemantically, nouns refer to (animate) beings, places, substances and\n(abstract or inanimate) things. They head NPs, which typically function\nas arguments in the clause. (NPs may also occur in predicate function in\nnominal or equational clauses, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:nonverbal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonverbal\">[sec:nonverbal]</a>.) \nNPs function as the clausal arguments subject and object. Esnem ‘man’\nis the subject of an intransitive verb\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nSV\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nSV\">[exe:nSV]</a>). Emun ‘his/her mother’ is the\nsubject of a transitive verb and tumun ‘child’ is the object\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nAP\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nAP\">[exe:nAP]</a>). Both direct and indirect object\nNPs are marked with the object postposition =at. There is no gender\nmarking and no obligatory number marking. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nesnem se lalat\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> dead\n‘The man is dead.’ <span id=\"exe:nSV\" label=\"exe:nSV\"></span> emun\ntumun=at narorar\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nchild=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> take_by_hand\n‘The mother takes the child by the hand.’ <span id=\"exe:nAP\"\nlabel=\"exe:nAP\"></span> \n</div> \nNouns are the head of the NP and can be followed by one or more\nmodifiers. (<a href=\"#exe:towari\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:towari\">[exe:towari]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:pasaluren\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pasaluren\">[exe:pasaluren]</a>) show an attributive\nmodifier with and without attributive marker =ten, respectively.\n(<a href=\"#exe:sontumreidak2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sontumreidak2\">[exe:sontumreidak2]</a>) shows\nquantifier reidak ‘many’ modifying a noun, and\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tumtumkar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tumtumkar\">[exe:tumtumkar]</a>) numeral quantifier\nkaruok ‘four’ modifies a noun. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npebis towari∼wari<sub>NP</sub> marua\nwoman young∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span> move_seawards\n‘The young women went towards sea.’ <span id=\"exe:towari\"\nlabel=\"exe:towari\"></span> pasa lu=ten<sub>NP</sub> mambon\nrice cold=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘Is there cold rice?’ <span id=\"exe:pasaluren\"\nlabel=\"exe:pasaluren\"></span> sontum reidak<sub>NP</sub> toni mu\n...\nperson many say <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n‘Many people say they \\[...\\].’ <span id=\"exe:sontumreidak2\"\nlabel=\"exe:sontumreidak2\"></span> tumtum karuok<sub>NP</sub>\nmarmar=i mia\nchildren four walk=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> come\n‘Four children come walking.’ <span id=\"exe:tumtumkar\"\nlabel=\"exe:tumtumkar\"></span> \n</div> \nSome nouns require the insertion of a classifier on a numeral modifier\n(§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). \nNouns are the only words that may carry possessive morphology. They can\nbe both possessed (kewe ‘house’ in\n<a href=\"#exe:nposd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nposd\">[exe:nposd]</a>) and possessors (kewe\n‘house’ in <a href=\"#exe:nposs\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nposs\">[exe:nposs]</a>). The possessive suffix is\nalways on the head and never on the dependent\n(§<a href=\"#sec:possphr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:possphr\">[sec:possphr]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMalik kewe-un\nMalik house-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘Malik’s house’ <span id=\"exe:nposd\" label=\"exe:nposd\"></span> kewe\nanggas-un\nhouse door-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘the house’s door’ <span id=\"exe:nposs\" label=\"exe:nposs\"></span> \n</div> \n</div> \nIf a noun inflected with a possessive suffix is in object position, the\npossessive suffix comes before the postposition.\nSee(<a href=\"#exe:eranat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eranat\">[exe:eranat]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:eranat\" label=\"exe:eranat\"></span> et-an=at\ncanoe-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=obj</span>\n‘my canoe’ \n</div> \nNouns and NPs are described in\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:noun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:noun\">7</a>. That chapter also includes a description\nof Kalamang noun subclasses\n(§<a href=\"#sec:nouncl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nouncl\">[sec:nouncl]</a>), which have some minor\nmorphosyntactic differences but which mainly form semantic classes:\nproper nouns and common nouns, alienable and inalienable nouns, mass and\ncount nouns, relational nouns, and kinship terms. Most kinship terms\n(§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a>), for example, have a\nplural form. Proper nouns\n(§<a href=\"#sec:prop\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:prop\">[sec:prop]</a>) differ from other nouns in\nthat they cannot carry possessive morphology or be reduplicated. Common\nnouns may be reduplicated to create plurals, to indicate distributivity\nor extremity, or to create other nouns by associations\n(§<a href=\"#sec:nounredup\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nounredup\">[sec:nounredup]</a>).\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThere is no previous ethnographic research conducted on Karas or the\nKalamang-speaking community. In this section, I share my own\nethnographic observations. All fieldwork was carried out in Mas, and\nthese ethnographic remarks are based on what I observed there,\nsupplemented by a cultural questionnaire I completed in 2019 with three\npeople from Mas.[^5] I have regularly visited Antalisa during all field\ntrips, and have no reason to believe that there are substantial\ndifferences between the villages. \nThe Kalamang-speaking community is largely comprised of fishermen and\nfarmers of nutmeg. They live in two villages, each with their own\nvillage head, following Indonesian social organisation. The kinship\nsystem is patrilineal. Close relationships, outside the nuclear family,\nare maintained with parents, aunts and uncles, and cousins. Resources\nare often pooled within the extended family for large undertakings like\nbuilding a house, or expensive events like tertiary education or\nmarriage. The woman is the head of the household, and the man is mainly\nresponsible for fishing. Nutmeg farming is an extended family business.\nThe inhabitants of Mas and Antalisa are Muslims, observing many Islamic\ncustoms, though mixing them with local ones. The majority live in\nconcrete houses roughly organized around a central square containing the\nvillage mosque. There is no known art. The skills for other material\nculture, such as woven products and canoes, are still practised but are\non the verge of being superseded by purchased modern materials. \nI have knowledge of rites connected to the following life events:\npregnancy, the first time a newborn leaves the house, the child’s first\nhaircut, circumcision, prenuptial negotiations, welcoming a new wife to\nthe island, marriage, the third day of marriage, entering other people’s\nhouses for the first time (for wives from outside the island), putting\nthe roof on a house, burial and memorials of a death. The following is a\nlist of recordings in the corpus where these rites are illustrated. The\ncode is a unique corpus tag. With help of this tag, the relevant\nrecordings and supplementary material like photographs can be found in\nthe corpus. An overview of all recordings can be found in the Appendix\non page. \n- prenuptial negotiations:\n[narr2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BCF-3) \n- welcoming a new wife (Tenggelele):\n[conv8](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D) \n- marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- third day of marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- putting the roof on a house:\n[narr3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD7-2) \n- burial: [conv7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC3-B) \n- death memorials:\n[narr1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD8-4) \nI have observed first-hand all the above-mentioned rituals with three\nexceptions: the rituals relating to entering someone’s house for the\nfirst time, pregnancy, and circumcision. Consultants have described\nthese as follows. \nWhen a wife from outside the island marries a man from Mas or Antalisa,\nshe cannot enter other people’s houses before the following ritual is\nperformed. The owners of the house must spread out a white cloth from\nthe entrance of their house, via which the woman enters. After that, she\nreceives another piece of cloth (typically an industrially-made\n“sarong”, a square piece or tube of cloth that can be worn wrapped\naround the waist). \nAt six months into a woman’s first pregnancy, one of her brothers ties a\nstring of pandanus leaf around her clothed belly and cuts it with a\nknife or scissors. This string is tied around a tree, e.g. a coconut\ntree, by the father-to-be, which is a sign that this tree now belongs to\nthe brother. The name of this ritual is koramtolma (koram has no\nindependent meaning; tolma means ‘to cut a string’). \nTwo other marked events are the bathing of the child at less than three\ndays after birth, and the bathing of the mother 40 days after giving\nbirth, after which the child may come out of the house (‘see the sun’)\nfor the first time. The first feeding of the child is also around this\ntime, and is accompanied by bestowing a name upon the child (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a> about names). The name is\nchosen by an older, respected community member. The child’s first\nhaircut is a festive gathering where a brother of the mother cuts off a\nbit of the child’s first hair. Attendees give money to the parents. The\nfirst haircut was traditionally observed in earlier times, but has only\nrecently become celebrated as a festive event. \nCircumcision is practised on both boys and girls when they are around\nnine years of age. The ritual is only attended and performed by people\nof the same sex as the child(ren) to be circumcised. Male circumcision\nis the cutting of the foreskin. It is unknown what female circumcision\non Karas consists of. The ritual is typically performed for more than\none child at the same time, and with inhabitants from both Kalamang- and\nUruangnirin-speaking villages combined. It is a big festive occasion\nthat is combined with dancing in the evening, comparable to marriages. \nDances are called nasula or tarian (Indonesian tarian; menari).\nConsultants report that people used to dance together in double pairs\n(two men and two women) lead by a foreman, but this practice has\ndisappeared. People dance on their own when performing traditional\ndances. The dances are accompanied by the beating of two types of drums\n(tiri, a flat drum with hide on top, hit with the hand, and tetetas,\na tall drum with hide on the side, hit with a stick), a gong and a\nflute. During my visits, no flute was available and a recording of the\nflute was played instead, while the drums were played live. Recordings\nof drumming and dancing are available in the corpus.[^6] Contemporary\ndancing (Indonesian joget) is mainly performed by adolescents to\ncontemporary Indonesian music and often takes the form of line-dancing\nor dancing in groups where everyone performs the same movements. \nAll rituals are accompanied by Islamic prayers, recited by the imam, who\nsits in front of a tray with a glass of cigarettes, betel leaves and\nincense. The prayers are joined by the men, and sometimes also the\nwomen. Another regular feature of rituals is a shared meal or tea. For\nboth prayers and the meal, it is common that the men sit in the guest\nreception room (the most important and biggest room of the house,\nlocated at the front, Indonesian ruang tamu) and the women and\nchildren are in the back of the house, close to the kitchen. This\npractice is not always strictly observed, and especially older women may\njoin the men in the front. A meal consists at least of coffee and tea\nserved with tea sweets (various cakes and fried tubers and banana), and\noften also includes warm food (rice and several fish and meat\naccompaniments). While people sit in a big rectangle on the floor along\nthe wall, the food is served in the middle of the room in a smaller\nsquare or rectangle, typically on a cloth or a banner on the floor. Food\nis served on evenly spaced plates, from which people serve to their own\nplates. Water is served in sealed plastic cups. Very sweet coffee and\ntea is served in glasses filled to the brim as a sign of respect (this\nalso applies to serving coffee and tea at home, whereas boiled water is\nthe norm to drink and serve at home).[^7] \nThe feeding of ancestors is practised when people want to build on a new\nsite, or get rid of pain or an illness they think they have contracted\nfrom a certain place (say a root that they stumbled over). I have not\nwitnessed this, but the ritual is described by consultants as follows.\nIn the house of the traditional authority (Indonesian tokoh adat), a\nplate is prepared with bits of betel nut, betel leaf, cooked fish,\ncoconut, tobacco, root vegetables or banana, rice, black cloth, cooking\noil and an egg. Sometimes prayers are read. The tokoh adat then takes\nthe plate to the place in question, or to a small rock in the sea in\nfront of Mas village (which is said to be related to the tokoh adat’s\nancestors), and confers with the ancestors (without speaking out loud).\nFor particularly important matters, a freshly washed white chicken may\nbe brought to the place in question, where its throat is cut and its\nblood is spread. The chicken is then buried in the middle of the area\nwhere the blood was spread. \nMany people file their teeth as adolescents or young adults. It is\nunknown why. Tattoos and piercings are not allowed, but reports tattoos\non the chest and scarifications of crosses on the arms and shoulders.\nOne consultant says body paint was used in former times during war and\nhongi raids. Men wear their hair short and women long. Most people go\nbareheaded, but cover their heads on formal and religious occasions.\nPeople wear contemporary Indonesian attire. On formal, festive and\nreligious occasions this means a sarong, shirt and black cap (Indonesian\nsongkok) for men, and a sarong, blouse (Indonesian kebaya) and\nheadcloth for women. While some of the older women wear headcloths that\nonly cover the hair, most younger women choose to wear a tight-fitting\nhijab. \nThe main religion in Mas and Antalisa is Islam. While daily prayers\nafter sunset are only attended by a handful of pious men in Mas, the\nmidday Friday prayers are attended by most men and boys. Women are\nhardly seen in the mosque. Most children take lessons in learning to\nread Arabic and recite prayers for several years. Gatherings for\nblessing prayers (Indonesian doa selamat) are very common, and are\nheld for blessing e.g. new boats, children who are about to take an\nexam, people who are about to set off on a long journey, etc. Although\nthere are many wild pigs on Karas, no one eats pork. On Thursdays in the\nlate afternoon, prayers for the dead are recited in several homes, after\nwhich a visit to the graves is paid. \nIslam probably arrived on the island around the time when it fell under\nthe sultanate of Tidore, which existed from 1450 to 1904. J.C. Keyts,\nwho visited the Karas Islands in 1678, describes the inhabitants as\nheathens . In 1872, when J.G. Coorengel visited, the inhabitants of at\nleast Faor are described as Muslims . There might have been an\nin-between stage when only leaders were converted . The oldest people in\nMas confirm that their grandparents were Muslims as well. The Islamic\nreligion, as in many places in Indonesia, is mixed with local customs .\nAn example of this are the small offerings that accompany prayer\nrecital, usually in the form of betel nuts, cigarettes, betel leaves and\nsometimes pastries. \nKalamang people residing on the island have two main sources of income:\nfishing and the production of nutmeg and mace (from Myristica\nargentea). While some people have small businesses selling their fish\nin Fakfak on an irregular basis, most people sell their fish to a\nBalinese trading company that has a storage place for live fish floating\nin the water close to Antalisa or Mas . Species sold are groupers\n(Plectropomus leopardus, areolatus, maculatus and oligacanthus,\nCromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and mixed groupers,\naccording to ) and lobsters (Panulirus versicolor). Different kinds of\ndried trepang (species unknown) are sold in Fakfak. Kalamang people may\nfish anywhere in Karas district waters, although people have their\npreferred spots for finding certain fish. People may set up temporary\ncamps on beaches close to lobster-diving places, to collect lobsters\nover several days before selling. A semi-permanent camp, where people\nmay reside for up to several months, is Timi Nepnep in the southern part\nof Sebakor Bay (on the New Guinea mainland). Outsiders who want to fish\nin Karas waters[^8] must ask permission from one of the village heads. \nNutmeg and mace are planted in family gardens behind the white sand\nbeaches on the big Karas island. These gardens are inherited by the\neldest son, who must divide the land among the siblings, though men\ninherit more than women. One may only harvest one’s own nutmeg. Nutmeg\nand mace are sold to traders in Fakfak, the regency capital. Between\ntheir nutmeg plantations and the white sand beaches, people plant\ncoconut trees. These are mainly harvested for personal use. People also\nuse their land to source firewood and collect wild edible things such as\nTahitian chestnuts (Inocarpus fagifer). Some people have a vegetable\ngarden which may or may not be on the same beach as their nutmeg\nplantation. This is for personal use or to sell produce on a small scale\nto people in the village. The crops planted in gardens are typically\nmaize, tomato, aubergine, beans, root vegetables, several banana species\nand various leafy greens. The gardens are usually kept by couples. \nBesides a health station (Indonesian puskesmas), a community building\nand a mosque, both Mas and Antalisa have a primary school with six\ngrades. In Mas, the head of the school is currently a civil servant\ndeployed from his native Sulawesi. A group of two to four teachers,\nmostly local people, teach in the three classrooms. For junior high,\nchildren move to Malakuli or Fakfak. Although the official statistics\nfor Fakfak regency report a 99% school participation level, I estimate\nthe level to be a little lower, at least in Mas, where several children\nwere out of school during my visits. Those people who complete higher\neducation move to work in the district capital Malakuli, in Fakfak, or\nelsewhere in Indonesia. The only Karas-born person with higher education\nliving in Mas is one of the school teachers. \nChildren’s work consists of small jobs like getting water from the well,\nsweeping the floor and, for girls, washing clothes. Line fishing from\nthe dock is a common activity for both boys and girls, as well as female\nadolescents. Adolescent boys join their fathers fishing and diving.\nWomen may also join their husbands to assist in fishing and diving, and\nmay also be seen fishing from the dock at night, fishing from small\npaddle canoes, or searching for shells at low tide. Night fishing at low\ntide seems to be a men’s activity. Other men’s tasks are constructing\nhouses, repairing machines, maintaining canoes and chopping firewood.\nWomen are responsible for cleaning, cooking, gardening and washing.\nHandicrafts such as weaving baskets and mats are also practised by\nwomen, but many of the women under 40 no longer have these skills, as\ncheap plastic replacements for these items are now available. In the\nnutmeg plantations much of the work is joint, although it is the men who\nclimb the trees to pluck the nutmeg (with the help of a bamboo stick\nwith a barb on it), while the women gather the fruits on the ground and\nsplit them open. \nAlthough some of the rituals described earlier seem to suggest that\nKalamang society has a custom of marrying women and not men from outside\nthe island, both variants of exogamy are currently practised. Kalamang\npeople have intermarried with people from Java, the Moluccas (especially\nGorom), Sulawesi (especially Bugis and Muna) and closer islands such as\nthe Kei islands and the other Karas Islands. This process has been going\non for at least several decades, with one of my oldest consultants\nhaving a Buginese father. The reason many partners come from the same\nareas in Indonesia is that these people may suggest new partners from\ntheir home town for Kalamang people looking for a suitable partner.\nEndogamy is also allowed and, judging from the different terms for\ncross-cousins (korapmur, who can be married), and parallel cousins\n(dudanmur, who count as siblings and cannot be married) this has also\nbeen tradition. Polygamy is permitted but is not currently practised.\nBridewealth must be paid by the groom’s side to the bride’s side. This\nmay range from several million rupiah to several dozen million rupiah,\ndepending on the wealth of the family and status of the people to be\nmarried. A village marriage usually does not involve more than 10\nmillion rupiah (approximately € 600), but the bridewealth for a city\nmarriage between high earners with high-status jobs (such as civil\nservant or business owner) may approach 100 million rupiah\n(approximately € 6000). It is mainly the bride’s family’s responsibility\nto organise and pay for the wedding, but the groom’s family may help\nwith this as well. \nPeople live in large concrete or (increasingly rare) wooden houses with\none or sometimes two nuclear families, often accompanied by\n(grand)parents and sometimes unmarried siblings of the parents. It is\nalso common to live together with an adopted child if one is childless\n(typically the child of a sibling of the caretaker) or if the child is\nan orphan. Nieces and nephews are considered children by their aunts and\nuncles. Aunts and uncles of the same sex as the parent (mother’s sisters\nand father’s brothers) are called ema and esa, respectively, the\nsame word as used for ‘mother’ and ‘father’. The Kalamang kinship system\nis similar to an Iroquois kinship system (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a> for details). Everyone\nhas a surname. There are five surnames considered indigenous in Mas:\nGusek, Yarkuran, Yorkuran, Yorre and Wambur. People feel connected to\npeople with the same surname. Surnames are inherited from the father.\nMore information about kinship terms and terms of address can be found\nin §<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Rustam's chicken is dead.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Rustam kokoun nalat.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Rustam kokoun nalat.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Word classes", "Header 2": "Nouns", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:wcnoun\" label=\"sec:wcnoun\"></span> The open class of nouns\nconsists of words that can be marked with possessive morphology.\nSemantically, nouns refer to (animate) beings, places, substances and\n(abstract or inanimate) things. They head NPs, which typically function\nas arguments in the clause. (NPs may also occur in predicate function in\nnominal or equational clauses, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:nonverbal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonverbal\">[sec:nonverbal]</a>.) \nNPs function as the clausal arguments subject and object. Esnem ‘man’\nis the subject of an intransitive verb\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nSV\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nSV\">[exe:nSV]</a>). Emun ‘his/her mother’ is the\nsubject of a transitive verb and tumun ‘child’ is the object\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nAP\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nAP\">[exe:nAP]</a>). Both direct and indirect object\nNPs are marked with the object postposition =at. There is no gender\nmarking and no obligatory number marking. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nesnem se lalat\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> dead\n‘The man is dead.’ <span id=\"exe:nSV\" label=\"exe:nSV\"></span> emun\ntumun=at narorar\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nchild=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> take_by_hand\n‘The mother takes the child by the hand.’ <span id=\"exe:nAP\"\nlabel=\"exe:nAP\"></span> \n</div> \nNouns are the head of the NP and can be followed by one or more\nmodifiers. (<a href=\"#exe:towari\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:towari\">[exe:towari]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:pasaluren\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pasaluren\">[exe:pasaluren]</a>) show an attributive\nmodifier with and without attributive marker =ten, respectively.\n(<a href=\"#exe:sontumreidak2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sontumreidak2\">[exe:sontumreidak2]</a>) shows\nquantifier reidak ‘many’ modifying a noun, and\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tumtumkar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tumtumkar\">[exe:tumtumkar]</a>) numeral quantifier\nkaruok ‘four’ modifies a noun. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npebis towari∼wari<sub>NP</sub> marua\nwoman young∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span> move_seawards\n‘The young women went towards sea.’ <span id=\"exe:towari\"\nlabel=\"exe:towari\"></span> pasa lu=ten<sub>NP</sub> mambon\nrice cold=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘Is there cold rice?’ <span id=\"exe:pasaluren\"\nlabel=\"exe:pasaluren\"></span> sontum reidak<sub>NP</sub> toni mu\n...\nperson many say <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n‘Many people say they \\[...\\].’ <span id=\"exe:sontumreidak2\"\nlabel=\"exe:sontumreidak2\"></span> tumtum karuok<sub>NP</sub>\nmarmar=i mia\nchildren four walk=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> come\n‘Four children come walking.’ <span id=\"exe:tumtumkar\"\nlabel=\"exe:tumtumkar\"></span> \n</div> \nSome nouns require the insertion of a classifier on a numeral modifier\n(§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). \nNouns are the only words that may carry possessive morphology. They can\nbe both possessed (kewe ‘house’ in\n<a href=\"#exe:nposd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nposd\">[exe:nposd]</a>) and possessors (kewe\n‘house’ in <a href=\"#exe:nposs\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nposs\">[exe:nposs]</a>). The possessive suffix is\nalways on the head and never on the dependent\n(§<a href=\"#sec:possphr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:possphr\">[sec:possphr]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMalik kewe-un\nMalik house-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘Malik’s house’ <span id=\"exe:nposd\" label=\"exe:nposd\"></span> kewe\nanggas-un\nhouse door-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘the house’s door’ <span id=\"exe:nposs\" label=\"exe:nposs\"></span> \n</div> \n</div> \nIf a noun inflected with a possessive suffix is in object position, the\npossessive suffix comes before the postposition.\nSee(<a href=\"#exe:eranat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eranat\">[exe:eranat]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:eranat\" label=\"exe:eranat\"></span> et-an=at\ncanoe-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=obj</span>\n‘my canoe’ \n</div> \nNouns and NPs are described in\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:noun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:noun\">7</a>. That chapter also includes a description\nof Kalamang noun subclasses\n(§<a href=\"#sec:nouncl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nouncl\">[sec:nouncl]</a>), which have some minor\nmorphosyntactic differences but which mainly form semantic classes:\nproper nouns and common nouns, alienable and inalienable nouns, mass and\ncount nouns, relational nouns, and kinship terms. Most kinship terms\n(§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a>), for example, have a\nplural form. Proper nouns\n(§<a href=\"#sec:prop\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:prop\">[sec:prop]</a>) differ from other nouns in\nthat they cannot carry possessive morphology or be reduplicated. Common\nnouns may be reduplicated to create plurals, to indicate distributivity\nor extremity, or to create other nouns by associations\n(§<a href=\"#sec:nounredup\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nounredup\">[sec:nounredup]</a>)." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "Ethnographic and socio-economic remarks", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "There is no previous ethnographic research conducted on Karas or the\nKalamang-speaking community. In this section, I share my own\nethnographic observations. All fieldwork was carried out in Mas, and\nthese ethnographic remarks are based on what I observed there,\nsupplemented by a cultural questionnaire I completed in 2019 with three\npeople from Mas.[^5] I have regularly visited Antalisa during all field\ntrips, and have no reason to believe that there are substantial\ndifferences between the villages. \nThe Kalamang-speaking community is largely comprised of fishermen and\nfarmers of nutmeg. They live in two villages, each with their own\nvillage head, following Indonesian social organisation. The kinship\nsystem is patrilineal. Close relationships, outside the nuclear family,\nare maintained with parents, aunts and uncles, and cousins. Resources\nare often pooled within the extended family for large undertakings like\nbuilding a house, or expensive events like tertiary education or\nmarriage. The woman is the head of the household, and the man is mainly\nresponsible for fishing. Nutmeg farming is an extended family business.\nThe inhabitants of Mas and Antalisa are Muslims, observing many Islamic\ncustoms, though mixing them with local ones. The majority live in\nconcrete houses roughly organized around a central square containing the\nvillage mosque. There is no known art. The skills for other material\nculture, such as woven products and canoes, are still practised but are\non the verge of being superseded by purchased modern materials. \nI have knowledge of rites connected to the following life events:\npregnancy, the first time a newborn leaves the house, the child’s first\nhaircut, circumcision, prenuptial negotiations, welcoming a new wife to\nthe island, marriage, the third day of marriage, entering other people’s\nhouses for the first time (for wives from outside the island), putting\nthe roof on a house, burial and memorials of a death. The following is a\nlist of recordings in the corpus where these rites are illustrated. The\ncode is a unique corpus tag. With help of this tag, the relevant\nrecordings and supplementary material like photographs can be found in\nthe corpus. An overview of all recordings can be found in the Appendix\non page. \n- prenuptial negotiations:\n[narr2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BCF-3) \n- welcoming a new wife (Tenggelele):\n[conv8](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D) \n- marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- third day of marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- putting the roof on a house:\n[narr3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD7-2) \n- burial: [conv7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC3-B) \n- death memorials:\n[narr1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD8-4) \nI have observed first-hand all the above-mentioned rituals with three\nexceptions: the rituals relating to entering someone’s house for the\nfirst time, pregnancy, and circumcision. Consultants have described\nthese as follows. \nWhen a wife from outside the island marries a man from Mas or Antalisa,\nshe cannot enter other people’s houses before the following ritual is\nperformed. The owners of the house must spread out a white cloth from\nthe entrance of their house, via which the woman enters. After that, she\nreceives another piece of cloth (typically an industrially-made\n“sarong”, a square piece or tube of cloth that can be worn wrapped\naround the waist). \nAt six months into a woman’s first pregnancy, one of her brothers ties a\nstring of pandanus leaf around her clothed belly and cuts it with a\nknife or scissors. This string is tied around a tree, e.g. a coconut\ntree, by the father-to-be, which is a sign that this tree now belongs to\nthe brother. The name of this ritual is koramtolma (koram has no\nindependent meaning; tolma means ‘to cut a string’). \nTwo other marked events are the bathing of the child at less than three\ndays after birth, and the bathing of the mother 40 days after giving\nbirth, after which the child may come out of the house (‘see the sun’)\nfor the first time. The first feeding of the child is also around this\ntime, and is accompanied by bestowing a name upon the child (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a> about names). The name is\nchosen by an older, respected community member. The child’s first\nhaircut is a festive gathering where a brother of the mother cuts off a\nbit of the child’s first hair. Attendees give money to the parents. The\nfirst haircut was traditionally observed in earlier times, but has only\nrecently become celebrated as a festive event. \nCircumcision is practised on both boys and girls when they are around\nnine years of age. The ritual is only attended and performed by people\nof the same sex as the child(ren) to be circumcised. Male circumcision\nis the cutting of the foreskin. It is unknown what female circumcision\non Karas consists of. The ritual is typically performed for more than\none child at the same time, and with inhabitants from both Kalamang- and\nUruangnirin-speaking villages combined. It is a big festive occasion\nthat is combined with dancing in the evening, comparable to marriages. \nDances are called nasula or tarian (Indonesian tarian; menari).\nConsultants report that people used to dance together in double pairs\n(two men and two women) lead by a foreman, but this practice has\ndisappeared. People dance on their own when performing traditional\ndances. The dances are accompanied by the beating of two types of drums\n(tiri, a flat drum with hide on top, hit with the hand, and tetetas,\na tall drum with hide on the side, hit with a stick), a gong and a\nflute. During my visits, no flute was available and a recording of the\nflute was played instead, while the drums were played live. Recordings\nof drumming and dancing are available in the corpus.[^6] Contemporary\ndancing (Indonesian joget) is mainly performed by adolescents to\ncontemporary Indonesian music and often takes the form of line-dancing\nor dancing in groups where everyone performs the same movements. \nAll rituals are accompanied by Islamic prayers, recited by the imam, who\nsits in front of a tray with a glass of cigarettes, betel leaves and\nincense. The prayers are joined by the men, and sometimes also the\nwomen. Another regular feature of rituals is a shared meal or tea. For\nboth prayers and the meal, it is common that the men sit in the guest\nreception room (the most important and biggest room of the house,\nlocated at the front, Indonesian ruang tamu) and the women and\nchildren are in the back of the house, close to the kitchen. This\npractice is not always strictly observed, and especially older women may\njoin the men in the front. A meal consists at least of coffee and tea\nserved with tea sweets (various cakes and fried tubers and banana), and\noften also includes warm food (rice and several fish and meat\naccompaniments). While people sit in a big rectangle on the floor along\nthe wall, the food is served in the middle of the room in a smaller\nsquare or rectangle, typically on a cloth or a banner on the floor. Food\nis served on evenly spaced plates, from which people serve to their own\nplates. Water is served in sealed plastic cups. Very sweet coffee and\ntea is served in glasses filled to the brim as a sign of respect (this\nalso applies to serving coffee and tea at home, whereas boiled water is\nthe norm to drink and serve at home).[^7] \nThe feeding of ancestors is practised when people want to build on a new\nsite, or get rid of pain or an illness they think they have contracted\nfrom a certain place (say a root that they stumbled over). I have not\nwitnessed this, but the ritual is described by consultants as follows.\nIn the house of the traditional authority (Indonesian tokoh adat), a\nplate is prepared with bits of betel nut, betel leaf, cooked fish,\ncoconut, tobacco, root vegetables or banana, rice, black cloth, cooking\noil and an egg. Sometimes prayers are read. The tokoh adat then takes\nthe plate to the place in question, or to a small rock in the sea in\nfront of Mas village (which is said to be related to the tokoh adat’s\nancestors), and confers with the ancestors (without speaking out loud).\nFor particularly important matters, a freshly washed white chicken may\nbe brought to the place in question, where its throat is cut and its\nblood is spread. The chicken is then buried in the middle of the area\nwhere the blood was spread. \nMany people file their teeth as adolescents or young adults. It is\nunknown why. Tattoos and piercings are not allowed, but reports tattoos\non the chest and scarifications of crosses on the arms and shoulders.\nOne consultant says body paint was used in former times during war and\nhongi raids. Men wear their hair short and women long. Most people go\nbareheaded, but cover their heads on formal and religious occasions.\nPeople wear contemporary Indonesian attire. On formal, festive and\nreligious occasions this means a sarong, shirt and black cap (Indonesian\nsongkok) for men, and a sarong, blouse (Indonesian kebaya) and\nheadcloth for women. While some of the older women wear headcloths that\nonly cover the hair, most younger women choose to wear a tight-fitting\nhijab. \nThe main religion in Mas and Antalisa is Islam. While daily prayers\nafter sunset are only attended by a handful of pious men in Mas, the\nmidday Friday prayers are attended by most men and boys. Women are\nhardly seen in the mosque. Most children take lessons in learning to\nread Arabic and recite prayers for several years. Gatherings for\nblessing prayers (Indonesian doa selamat) are very common, and are\nheld for blessing e.g. new boats, children who are about to take an\nexam, people who are about to set off on a long journey, etc. Although\nthere are many wild pigs on Karas, no one eats pork. On Thursdays in the\nlate afternoon, prayers for the dead are recited in several homes, after\nwhich a visit to the graves is paid. \nIslam probably arrived on the island around the time when it fell under\nthe sultanate of Tidore, which existed from 1450 to 1904. J.C. Keyts,\nwho visited the Karas Islands in 1678, describes the inhabitants as\nheathens . In 1872, when J.G. Coorengel visited, the inhabitants of at\nleast Faor are described as Muslims . There might have been an\nin-between stage when only leaders were converted . The oldest people in\nMas confirm that their grandparents were Muslims as well. The Islamic\nreligion, as in many places in Indonesia, is mixed with local customs .\nAn example of this are the small offerings that accompany prayer\nrecital, usually in the form of betel nuts, cigarettes, betel leaves and\nsometimes pastries. \nKalamang people residing on the island have two main sources of income:\nfishing and the production of nutmeg and mace (from Myristica\nargentea). While some people have small businesses selling their fish\nin Fakfak on an irregular basis, most people sell their fish to a\nBalinese trading company that has a storage place for live fish floating\nin the water close to Antalisa or Mas . Species sold are groupers\n(Plectropomus leopardus, areolatus, maculatus and oligacanthus,\nCromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and mixed groupers,\naccording to ) and lobsters (Panulirus versicolor). Different kinds of\ndried trepang (species unknown) are sold in Fakfak. Kalamang people may\nfish anywhere in Karas district waters, although people have their\npreferred spots for finding certain fish. People may set up temporary\ncamps on beaches close to lobster-diving places, to collect lobsters\nover several days before selling. A semi-permanent camp, where people\nmay reside for up to several months, is Timi Nepnep in the southern part\nof Sebakor Bay (on the New Guinea mainland). Outsiders who want to fish\nin Karas waters[^8] must ask permission from one of the village heads. \nNutmeg and mace are planted in family gardens behind the white sand\nbeaches on the big Karas island. These gardens are inherited by the\neldest son, who must divide the land among the siblings, though men\ninherit more than women. One may only harvest one’s own nutmeg. Nutmeg\nand mace are sold to traders in Fakfak, the regency capital. Between\ntheir nutmeg plantations and the white sand beaches, people plant\ncoconut trees. These are mainly harvested for personal use. People also\nuse their land to source firewood and collect wild edible things such as\nTahitian chestnuts (Inocarpus fagifer). Some people have a vegetable\ngarden which may or may not be on the same beach as their nutmeg\nplantation. This is for personal use or to sell produce on a small scale\nto people in the village. The crops planted in gardens are typically\nmaize, tomato, aubergine, beans, root vegetables, several banana species\nand various leafy greens. The gardens are usually kept by couples. \nBesides a health station (Indonesian puskesmas), a community building\nand a mosque, both Mas and Antalisa have a primary school with six\ngrades. In Mas, the head of the school is currently a civil servant\ndeployed from his native Sulawesi. A group of two to four teachers,\nmostly local people, teach in the three classrooms. For junior high,\nchildren move to Malakuli or Fakfak. Although the official statistics\nfor Fakfak regency report a 99% school participation level, I estimate\nthe level to be a little lower, at least in Mas, where several children\nwere out of school during my visits. Those people who complete higher\neducation move to work in the district capital Malakuli, in Fakfak, or\nelsewhere in Indonesia. The only Karas-born person with higher education\nliving in Mas is one of the school teachers. \nChildren’s work consists of small jobs like getting water from the well,\nsweeping the floor and, for girls, washing clothes. Line fishing from\nthe dock is a common activity for both boys and girls, as well as female\nadolescents. Adolescent boys join their fathers fishing and diving.\nWomen may also join their husbands to assist in fishing and diving, and\nmay also be seen fishing from the dock at night, fishing from small\npaddle canoes, or searching for shells at low tide. Night fishing at low\ntide seems to be a men’s activity. Other men’s tasks are constructing\nhouses, repairing machines, maintaining canoes and chopping firewood.\nWomen are responsible for cleaning, cooking, gardening and washing.\nHandicrafts such as weaving baskets and mats are also practised by\nwomen, but many of the women under 40 no longer have these skills, as\ncheap plastic replacements for these items are now available. In the\nnutmeg plantations much of the work is joint, although it is the men who\nclimb the trees to pluck the nutmeg (with the help of a bamboo stick\nwith a barb on it), while the women gather the fruits on the ground and\nsplit them open. \nAlthough some of the rituals described earlier seem to suggest that\nKalamang society has a custom of marrying women and not men from outside\nthe island, both variants of exogamy are currently practised. Kalamang\npeople have intermarried with people from Java, the Moluccas (especially\nGorom), Sulawesi (especially Bugis and Muna) and closer islands such as\nthe Kei islands and the other Karas Islands. This process has been going\non for at least several decades, with one of my oldest consultants\nhaving a Buginese father. The reason many partners come from the same\nareas in Indonesia is that these people may suggest new partners from\ntheir home town for Kalamang people looking for a suitable partner.\nEndogamy is also allowed and, judging from the different terms for\ncross-cousins (korapmur, who can be married), and parallel cousins\n(dudanmur, who count as siblings and cannot be married) this has also\nbeen tradition. Polygamy is permitted but is not currently practised.\nBridewealth must be paid by the groom’s side to the bride’s side. This\nmay range from several million rupiah to several dozen million rupiah,\ndepending on the wealth of the family and status of the people to be\nmarried. A village marriage usually does not involve more than 10\nmillion rupiah (approximately € 600), but the bridewealth for a city\nmarriage between high earners with high-status jobs (such as civil\nservant or business owner) may approach 100 million rupiah\n(approximately € 6000). It is mainly the bride’s family’s responsibility\nto organise and pay for the wedding, but the groom’s family may help\nwith this as well. \nPeople live in large concrete or (increasingly rare) wooden houses with\none or sometimes two nuclear families, often accompanied by\n(grand)parents and sometimes unmarried siblings of the parents. It is\nalso common to live together with an adopted child if one is childless\n(typically the child of a sibling of the caretaker) or if the child is\nan orphan. Nieces and nephews are considered children by their aunts and\nuncles. Aunts and uncles of the same sex as the parent (mother’s sisters\nand father’s brothers) are called ema and esa, respectively, the\nsame word as used for ‘mother’ and ‘father’. The Kalamang kinship system\nis similar to an Iroquois kinship system (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a> for details). Everyone\nhas a surname. There are five surnames considered indigenous in Mas:\nGusek, Yarkuran, Yorkuran, Yorre and Wambur. People feel connected to\npeople with the same surname. Surnames are inherited from the father.\nMore information about kinship terms and terms of address can be found\nin §<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>." } ], "index": 48, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Rustam's chicken is dead.", "split": "train" }
Luasun me mungkin meter apkon.	Its width is maybe five metres.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Its width is maybe five metres.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Its\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thoughts\nKalamang translation: pikiran\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Its\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: water between roots\nKalamang translation: pearip\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"width\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: opened wide\nKalamang translation: tororo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"width\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: widow(er)\nKalamang translation: sian\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"maybe\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: may the sun pull out your liver\nKalamang translation: yuon ba mintolmaretkon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"maybe\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: maybe\nKalamang translation: gen; reon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"five\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: five\nKalamang translation: ap\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"five\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: five hundred\nKalamang translation: reirap\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"metres\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: gum tree\nKalamang translation: ror iriskap\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"metres\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: messy\nKalamang translation: purarar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Its\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Grandfather Nostal splits planks, La Deka carries them on his shoulder.\nKalamang translation: Tata Nostala pawanat parair La Deka bitko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Its\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Its leaves are like chili's leaves.\nKalamang translation: Ya olun lenggalenggainggap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"width\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That Javanese woman has a slightly wide face.\nKalamang translation: Jawawas yumene kanggirarun lauskaning bolon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"width\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person has a wide anus.\nKalamang translation: Som yumene kahamanpos luas.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"maybe\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They want to go diving but they don't have a diving mask.\nKalamang translation: Mu bo arkin ba ginana saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"maybe\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Some I chop up, maybe twenty pieces or so.\nKalamang translation: Ikoni an se parair mungkin etpurirkonggap ye.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"five\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends live on the mainland over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu distrik owa gocie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"five\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I give him this water.\nKalamang translation: An ter wat kosiauri ma.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"metres\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: (We are) burning ironwood leftovers and the flames are rising.\nKalamang translation: Suar pespesat komarukta din se bo paras.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"metres\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The marungga tree has become big.\nKalamang translation: Kai modar me arun se temun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:discme\" label=\"sec:discme\"></span>\n<span id=\"sec:clauseinme\" label=\"sec:clauseinme\"></span> Me is a topic\nmarker that follows either the NP/PP or the predicate. A topic marker is\nan “entity that the speaker identifies, about which information (...) is\nthen given” . It is the starting point of an utterance with presupposed\ninformation that is then commented on . When me follows a NP or PP,\nthe NP or PP is topicalised. When me follows the predicate, the whole\nclause is topicalised, for example by making it conditional. Anti-topics\n(specified or reactivated topics) are not marked morphologically, but by\nplacing the anti-topic at the right edge of the clause, as described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>. In the examples in this section,\nthe topicalised constituents are given within square brackets. \nMe can be used after a NP or PP to mark it as the topic in clauses\nwith a verbal (see <a href=\"#exe:metrans\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:metrans\">[exe:metrans]</a>,\n<a href=\"#exe:mepron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mepron\">[exe:mepron]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:mestat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mestat\">[exe:mestat]</a>), nominal (see\n<a href=\"#exe:menom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menom\">[exe:menom]</a>), quantifier (see\n<a href=\"#exe:mequant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mequant\">[exe:mequant]</a>) or locative (see\n<a href=\"#exe:meloc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meloc\">[exe:meloc]</a>) predicate, but is not\nobligatory in any of these contexts. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme buok=at kuru bara pier=ki bes to\nwoman Netherlands-woman <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbetel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bring descend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.in=ben</span> good right\n‘The Dutchwoman brought down betel for us, good, right?’ (Context:\nsubject is given but not recently mentioned.) <span id=\"exe:metrans\"\nlabel=\"exe:metrans\"></span> me an se kat percai=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nbelieve=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for you, I don’t believe you any more.’ <span id=\"exe:mepron\"\nlabel=\"exe:mepron\"></span> ki Tanggor=ka=ta rar \\[Tanggor\\] me\nmambon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nTanggor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span> Tanggor\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘You go to Tanggor, at Tanggor there are \\[fish\\].’ (Context: Tanggor is\ngiven, in this very example.) <span id=\"exe:mestat\"\nlabel=\"exe:mestat\"></span> me mungkin berupa jim\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> maybe be_a_form_of jinn\n‘That woman is maybe a kind of jinn.’ (Context: description of a\nvideo. The woman has been mentioned; this is a comment about her\nidentity.) <span id=\"exe:menom\" label=\"exe:menom\"></span> me eir\neh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntwo <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘These are two, right?’ (Context: learning to weave a basket, pointing\nat strips of material in the teacher’s hand.) <span id=\"exe:mequant\"\nlabel=\"exe:mequant\"></span> me kewe-un=ko\nchildren two <span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘Two children are in their house.’ (Context: frog story. Children have\nbeen mentioned; description of a new page in the book.)\n<span id=\"exe:meloc\" label=\"exe:meloc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe topic marker follows postpositions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:finbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:finbon\">[exe:finbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:komeneko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:komeneko\">[exe:komeneko]</a>). Topicalised objects\nlack object postposition =at\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bobmun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bobmun\">[exe:bobmun]</a>). The topic marker is\ntypically used following NPs or PPs that refer to given referents. It\ncan also topicalise a time adverbial\n(example<a href=\"#exe:ambun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ambun\">[exe:ambun]</a>). Another way to mark topics,\nwhich may be combined with topic marker me, is fronting of the\ntopicalised constituent (§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme nat=nin\nArifin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nMei=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nconsum=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Arifin and Mei don’t eat.’ <span id=\"exe:finbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:finbon\"></span> me lempuang-tumun wilak=ko me neko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> island-child\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> inside\n‘Here, the small island inside the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:komeneko\"\nlabel=\"exe:komeneko\"></span> <sub>Obj</sub> me Bobi emun=a kona\nchildren few <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Bobi\nmother=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> see\n‘A few children, Bobi’s mother saw \\[them\\].’ <span id=\"exe:bobmun\"\nlabel=\"exe:bobmun\"></span> kier Luis=bon \\[kasur\\] me bo\nsor-sanggara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span>\nLuis=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> go fish-search\n‘(As for) tomorrow, you and Luis go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:ambun\"\nlabel=\"exe:ambun\"></span> \n</div> \nMore seldomly, new participants are introduced with me. This is\nlimited to unimportant participants.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:sikank\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikank\">[exe:sikank]</a>), the cat is introduced; it\nis not mentioned thereafter, and is only used in the story as a prop to\ncreate a slightly threatening atmosphere. In examples of the type\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wameta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wameta\">[exe:wameta]</a>), where properties of\nreferents are described out of context, me is also used, often\ncombined with a demonstrative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme in=at tiri pareir\ncat one <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=obj</span> run follow\n‘A cat ran after us.’ (Context: a story about going to someone’s house,\nfirst mention of the cat.) <span id=\"exe:sikank\"\nlabel=\"exe:sikank\"></span> me tabusik\ntree <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> short\n‘This tree is short.’ (Context: no context, elicitation, transl. of\nMalay pohon ini pendek ‘this tree is short’.) <span id=\"exe:wameta\"\nlabel=\"exe:wameta\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few instances, me marks two referents in the same clause.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:anmed\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anmed\">[exe:anmed]</a>), the second instance of me\ncould alternately be analysed as a distal demonstrative (but would still\nbe topicalised because it is fronted), but\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lekop\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lekop\">[exe:lekop]</a>) the analysis seems untlikely\nto fit, as there is already a demonstrative modifying each noun.\nAnalysing me as a definite marker also does not fit, as it does not\nappear consistently on anaphoric definites (referents that have been\nmentioned in the text). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme \\[don\\] me ka an ∅=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nthing <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for me, and as for that thing, you didn’t give \\[it\\] to me.’\n<span id=\"exe:anmed\" label=\"exe:anmed\"></span> me \\[afokat opa\\]\nme kona\ngoat <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> avocado\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nsee\n‘That goat sees those avocados.’ <span id=\"exe:lekop\"\nlabel=\"exe:lekop\"></span> \n</div> \nMe is also very common after the predicate, topicalising the entire\nclause. In most cases, this predicate carries irrealis =et\n(§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>) or non-final =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMustafa esun toni \\[ka ruot=et\\] me kamun naun=saet=in\nMustafa father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\nearth=only=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n‘Mustafa’s father said if you go digging, don’t \\[bring\\] earth only.’\n<span id=\"exe:ruretme\" label=\"exe:ruretme\"></span> pulor opa \\[ka\ntu=ta\\] me tama-ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere-<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf \\[that\\] you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:pulor\" label=\"exe:pulor\"></span> newer=i\nkoyet, \\[mindi=ta\\] me mier se marua\npay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n‘After paying, they went seawards.’ <span id=\"exe:mindita\"\nlabel=\"exe:mindita\"></span> \n</div> \nThe combination of irrealis =et followed by me is also seen in\npre-posed topic constructions as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eiretme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiretme\">[exe:eiretme]</a>). This is an unusual way\nto present a topic: it is much more common to do so without =et. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme ma se taraouk\nkind_of_fish two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> store\n‘As for those two siadas, he had already stored \\[them\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:eiretme\" label=\"exe:eiretme\"></span> \n</div> \nTopic marker me is homophonous with distal demonstrative me, and has\nlikely developed from it. Demonstratives are known to develop into topic\nmarkers .[^93] They have also been shown to have clause-combining and\ndiscourse-structuring functions . The Kalamang process of\ngrammaticalisation is likely ongoing, judging by the various uses of\nme sketched in this section, and moving away from a demonstrative use,\njudging by its few occurrences as an ordinary exophoric demonstrative. \nThere are also a considerable number of occurrences of me at the\nbeginning of a clause, whose function cannot be determined based on the\ncurrently available data. There are various possible analyses: it can be\nshort for mera ‘then, so’, mena ‘later, otherwise’, it can be a\nfiller,[^94] or it can be a specific use of topic marker or distal\ndemonstrative me. The following four examples show two subsequent\nutterances each, where the second utterance starts with me. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu toni kasur yuwa=ba seng paku=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> want tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nroof nail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They want to nail the roof tomorow.’ me sobas=ta me di=saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\ndawn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘? in the morning, put \\[carry it\\] up.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmier se bara sabua nerunggo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndescend tent inside\n‘They go down into the tent.’ me mu mu=at bon taluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=obj</span> bring exit\n‘? they bring them out.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kor opa se duk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> leg\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbump_into\n‘They already bumped that leg into something.’ me mera kasian Rani\nemun toni ...\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> then anyway Rani\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n‘? then anyway, Rani’s mother said...’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan se mara ki perusahan=ka bot=kin=ta me\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\ncompany=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘I went to sea: “Are you going to the mainland \\[lit. to the\ncompany\\]?”’ me an se mara me eh suol-ca se bes o bes mera\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.quot</span>\nback-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n‘? I went to sea like: “How is your back?” “Oh fine, of course.”’ \n</div> \n</div> \nMuch remains to be investigated regarding the exact functions of\nKalamang me. For example, a more thorough analysis is needed to\nunderstand what guides the use vs. non-use of me with new and given\nreferents, with non-verbal predicates, and when combining clauses.\nAlthough me is one of the most frequent words in the corpus, which\nmeans there is a relative wealth of data available, the mechanisms that\nregulate its use seem quite refined, and a more sophisticated analysis\nis therefore outside the scope of this grammar.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:quantinfl\" label=\"sec:quantinfl\"></span> Quantifiers may\nbe inflected in a number of ways except for its use with classifiers as\ndescribed in §<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>. Suffixes and clitics are only\nattested with lower numerals and bolon ‘little’. Numeral quantifiers\nand pronouns inflected with a numeral may carry the suffix -gan ‘all’\nas shown in(<a href=\"#exe:karugan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:karugan\">[exe:karugan]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:rgan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rgan\">[exe:rgan]</a>). The enclitic =tak ‘just;\nonly’ (example<a href=\"#exe:rtak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rtak\">[exe:rtak]</a>) is found on the numeral two,\npronouns inflected with a numeral, and (fossilised) in bolodak ‘just a\nlittle’ and kodak ‘just one’. Intensification with =tun is found\nwith bolon ‘little’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:sei\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sei\">[exe:sei]</a>) and kodak ‘just one’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:kodakk\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kodakk\">[exe:kodakk]</a>). Tebonggan ‘all’ seems\nto contain the morpheme -gan ‘all’. While tebon cannot be used on\nits own, it is a root that can be reduplicated and intensified with\n=tun as in(<a href=\"#exe:tebonteb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tebonteb\">[exe:tebonteb]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngorun karuok-gan kodak-pis\nstalk three-all just_one-side\n‘All three stalks are on one side.’ <span id=\"exe:karugan\"\nlabel=\"exe:karugan\"></span> inier-gan arekmang\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>-all be_mad\n‘Both of us were mad.’ <span id=\"exe:rgan\" label=\"exe:rgan\"></span> an\nbara komet=ta me kies-eir=tak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> descend\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_long</span>-two=only\n‘I went down to look; \\[there were\\] only two pieces.’\n<span id=\"exe:rtak\" label=\"exe:rtak\"></span> ma mat sei\nbolon∼bolon=tun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> askew\nlittle∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints=ints</span>\n‘He is a tiny bit askew from it.’ <span id=\"exe:sei\"\nlabel=\"exe:sei\"></span> ma-autak kodak∼dak=tun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone\njust_one∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints=ints</span>\n‘He was all alone.’ <span id=\"exe:kodakk\" label=\"exe:kodakk\"></span>\nesun=kin tebon∼tebon=tun mu don kon∼kon paning=nin\nfather.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\nall∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> thing\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\nask=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘From his father’s side everyone didn’t ask for anything.’\n<span id=\"exe:tebonteb\" label=\"exe:tebonteb\"></span> \n</div> \nBoth numeral and non-numeral quantifiers may be reduplicated. The\nnon-numeral quantifiers that are found reduplicated in the corpus are\nbolon ‘little’ and tebonggan ‘all’. These have already been\nexemplified in combination with =tun ‘very’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tebonteb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tebonteb\">[exe:tebonteb]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:sei\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sei\">[exe:sei]</a>). Bolon ‘little’ is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:bolbol\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bolbol\">[exe:bolbol]</a>) without =tun ‘very’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntok bolon∼bolon\nstill little∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints</span>\n‘A little bit more.’ <span id=\"exe:bolbol\" label=\"exe:bolbol\"></span> \n</div> \nThe reduplication of numeral quantifiers creates distributives. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkiel-un jien=i koyet kirakira neba ... potma kies-kan∼san∼suor ye\nroot-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish approximately\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span> cut\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_long</span>-four∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\nor\n‘After getting its root, \\[you\\] eh, cut about four long pieces.’ koi\ntanbes=kin=at bor=taet purir-ba-ka∼ra∼ruok\nthen right_side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span> drill=again\ntwenty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">num.lnk</span>-three∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\n‘Then \\[I\\] drilled the right side, twenty-three \\[holes\\] on each\nside.’ kanien kanien o poup-un wa∼ra∼rip ukir-te sen putkon∼kon\ntie tie <span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\nbundle-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.qlt</span>∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\nmeasure=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> cent\nten∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\n‘Tying, bundles this big each, measure \\[for the price of\\] ten cents\neach.’ \n</div> \nIn addition, reduplication of kon ‘one’ has indefinite-like meanings.\nThe use of konkon with a negated verb and combined with don ‘thing’\nso that we get don konkon Verb=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\nresults in the meaning ‘nothing’, as exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:dkonkon1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dkonkon1\">[exe:dkonkon1]</a>). Konkon=nin can also\nbe used predicatively, inflected with the negator =nin itself, where\nit means ‘it doesn’t matter’.\nSee(<a href=\"#exe:dkonkonn2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dkonkonn2\">[exe:dkonkonn2]</a>). These constructions\nare well-established in the corpus. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nlembaga nerun=ko an don kon∼kon konat=nin\nprison in=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> thing\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\nsee=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He saw nothing / he didn’t see a thing.’ <span id=\"exe:dkonkon1\"\nlabel=\"exe:dkonkon1\"></span> kian ma sala-un don kon∼kon=nin\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nmistake-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> thing\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red=neg</span>\n‘My wife’s mistake doesn’t matter.’ <span id=\"exe:dkonkonn2\"\nlabel=\"exe:dkonkonn2\"></span> \n</div> \nThe corpus also contains two other indefinite-like examples of\nreduplicated kon ‘one’.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:samuret\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:samuret\">[exe:samuret]</a>), the best translation of\nkonkon is ‘few’ or ’some’. It is taken from a discussion about who was\ninvited to a big funeral on Karas. The context\nof(<a href=\"#exe:obatkon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:obatkon\">[exe:obatkon]</a>) gives fewer clues about\nthe meaning of konkon, but it seems to mean ‘other’, or alternatively,\n‘not any’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsamur-et kon∼kon\nMbaham-person one∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘A few Mbaham people.’ <span id=\"exe:samuret\"\nlabel=\"exe:samuret\"></span> sontum pasier=ka bot=nin ... obat\nkon∼kon eranun pi neba=et me ... pirawilak met koyak\nperson beach=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> medicine\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span> cannot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> kind_of_tree\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span> cut\n‘\\[When\\] people can’t go to the toilet, \\[... if we\\] cannot use other\nmedicine, we whatsit \\[...\\] cut that pirawilak.’\n<span id=\"exe:obatkon\" label=\"exe:obatkon\"></span> \n</div> \nBesides reduplication, there is another, less common strategy to create\ndistributive numerals: the suffix -te. Consider the following two\nexamples. In(<a href=\"#exe:nakkon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nakkon\">[exe:nakkon]</a>), this strategy is combined\nwith reduplication. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan se taruon ripi-ap-te karung kon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay thousand-five-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span> sack one\n‘I said five thousand per sack.’ som-kon-te nak-kon∼kon\nperson-one-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\nfruit-one∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\n‘Each person one fruit.’ <span id=\"exe:nakkon\"\nlabel=\"exe:nakkon\"></span> \n</div> \nApproximate quantities are expressed by attaching -kon (homonymous\nwith kon ‘one’) to a numeral. This construction may be accompanied by\nthe similative marker =kap, and the Malay loans kirakira\n‘approximately’ or mungkin ‘maybe’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nikon-i an se parair mungkin et-purir-kon=kap ye\nsome-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsplit maybe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-twenty-approximately=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\nor\n‘Some I already split, maybe twenty or so?’ <span id=\"exe:purirkon\"\nlabel=\"exe:purirkon\"></span> luas-un me mungkin meter ap-kon\nwide-<span class=\"smallcaps\">nmlz</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> maybe metre five-approximately\n‘The width is maybe five metres.’ \n</div> \nThe last inflection attested on quantifiers is the quantifier object\nmarker -i (§<a href=\"#sec:numobj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:numobj\">[sec:numobj]</a>), for quantifiers in object\nNPs. An example of this is ikon ‘some’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:purirkon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:purirkon\">[exe:purirkon]</a>) above.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Its width is maybe five metres.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Luasun me mungkin meter apkon.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Luasun me mungkin meter apkon.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Information structure", "Header 2": "Topic marker me", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:discme\" label=\"sec:discme\"></span>\n<span id=\"sec:clauseinme\" label=\"sec:clauseinme\"></span> Me is a topic\nmarker that follows either the NP/PP or the predicate. A topic marker is\nan “entity that the speaker identifies, about which information (...) is\nthen given” . It is the starting point of an utterance with presupposed\ninformation that is then commented on . When me follows a NP or PP,\nthe NP or PP is topicalised. When me follows the predicate, the whole\nclause is topicalised, for example by making it conditional. Anti-topics\n(specified or reactivated topics) are not marked morphologically, but by\nplacing the anti-topic at the right edge of the clause, as described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>. In the examples in this section,\nthe topicalised constituents are given within square brackets. \nMe can be used after a NP or PP to mark it as the topic in clauses\nwith a verbal (see <a href=\"#exe:metrans\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:metrans\">[exe:metrans]</a>,\n<a href=\"#exe:mepron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mepron\">[exe:mepron]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:mestat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mestat\">[exe:mestat]</a>), nominal (see\n<a href=\"#exe:menom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menom\">[exe:menom]</a>), quantifier (see\n<a href=\"#exe:mequant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mequant\">[exe:mequant]</a>) or locative (see\n<a href=\"#exe:meloc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meloc\">[exe:meloc]</a>) predicate, but is not\nobligatory in any of these contexts. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme buok=at kuru bara pier=ki bes to\nwoman Netherlands-woman <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbetel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bring descend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.in=ben</span> good right\n‘The Dutchwoman brought down betel for us, good, right?’ (Context:\nsubject is given but not recently mentioned.) <span id=\"exe:metrans\"\nlabel=\"exe:metrans\"></span> me an se kat percai=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nbelieve=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for you, I don’t believe you any more.’ <span id=\"exe:mepron\"\nlabel=\"exe:mepron\"></span> ki Tanggor=ka=ta rar \\[Tanggor\\] me\nmambon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nTanggor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span> Tanggor\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘You go to Tanggor, at Tanggor there are \\[fish\\].’ (Context: Tanggor is\ngiven, in this very example.) <span id=\"exe:mestat\"\nlabel=\"exe:mestat\"></span> me mungkin berupa jim\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> maybe be_a_form_of jinn\n‘That woman is maybe a kind of jinn.’ (Context: description of a\nvideo. The woman has been mentioned; this is a comment about her\nidentity.) <span id=\"exe:menom\" label=\"exe:menom\"></span> me eir\neh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntwo <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘These are two, right?’ (Context: learning to weave a basket, pointing\nat strips of material in the teacher’s hand.) <span id=\"exe:mequant\"\nlabel=\"exe:mequant\"></span> me kewe-un=ko\nchildren two <span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘Two children are in their house.’ (Context: frog story. Children have\nbeen mentioned; description of a new page in the book.)\n<span id=\"exe:meloc\" label=\"exe:meloc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe topic marker follows postpositions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:finbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:finbon\">[exe:finbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:komeneko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:komeneko\">[exe:komeneko]</a>). Topicalised objects\nlack object postposition =at\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bobmun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bobmun\">[exe:bobmun]</a>). The topic marker is\ntypically used following NPs or PPs that refer to given referents. It\ncan also topicalise a time adverbial\n(example<a href=\"#exe:ambun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ambun\">[exe:ambun]</a>). Another way to mark topics,\nwhich may be combined with topic marker me, is fronting of the\ntopicalised constituent (§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme nat=nin\nArifin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nMei=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nconsum=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Arifin and Mei don’t eat.’ <span id=\"exe:finbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:finbon\"></span> me lempuang-tumun wilak=ko me neko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> island-child\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> inside\n‘Here, the small island inside the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:komeneko\"\nlabel=\"exe:komeneko\"></span> <sub>Obj</sub> me Bobi emun=a kona\nchildren few <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Bobi\nmother=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> see\n‘A few children, Bobi’s mother saw \\[them\\].’ <span id=\"exe:bobmun\"\nlabel=\"exe:bobmun\"></span> kier Luis=bon \\[kasur\\] me bo\nsor-sanggara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span>\nLuis=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> go fish-search\n‘(As for) tomorrow, you and Luis go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:ambun\"\nlabel=\"exe:ambun\"></span> \n</div> \nMore seldomly, new participants are introduced with me. This is\nlimited to unimportant participants.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:sikank\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikank\">[exe:sikank]</a>), the cat is introduced; it\nis not mentioned thereafter, and is only used in the story as a prop to\ncreate a slightly threatening atmosphere. In examples of the type\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wameta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wameta\">[exe:wameta]</a>), where properties of\nreferents are described out of context, me is also used, often\ncombined with a demonstrative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme in=at tiri pareir\ncat one <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=obj</span> run follow\n‘A cat ran after us.’ (Context: a story about going to someone’s house,\nfirst mention of the cat.) <span id=\"exe:sikank\"\nlabel=\"exe:sikank\"></span> me tabusik\ntree <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> short\n‘This tree is short.’ (Context: no context, elicitation, transl. of\nMalay pohon ini pendek ‘this tree is short’.) <span id=\"exe:wameta\"\nlabel=\"exe:wameta\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few instances, me marks two referents in the same clause.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:anmed\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anmed\">[exe:anmed]</a>), the second instance of me\ncould alternately be analysed as a distal demonstrative (but would still\nbe topicalised because it is fronted), but\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lekop\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lekop\">[exe:lekop]</a>) the analysis seems untlikely\nto fit, as there is already a demonstrative modifying each noun.\nAnalysing me as a definite marker also does not fit, as it does not\nappear consistently on anaphoric definites (referents that have been\nmentioned in the text). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme \\[don\\] me ka an ∅=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nthing <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for me, and as for that thing, you didn’t give \\[it\\] to me.’\n<span id=\"exe:anmed\" label=\"exe:anmed\"></span> me \\[afokat opa\\]\nme kona\ngoat <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> avocado\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nsee\n‘That goat sees those avocados.’ <span id=\"exe:lekop\"\nlabel=\"exe:lekop\"></span> \n</div> \nMe is also very common after the predicate, topicalising the entire\nclause. In most cases, this predicate carries irrealis =et\n(§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>) or non-final =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMustafa esun toni \\[ka ruot=et\\] me kamun naun=saet=in\nMustafa father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\nearth=only=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n‘Mustafa’s father said if you go digging, don’t \\[bring\\] earth only.’\n<span id=\"exe:ruretme\" label=\"exe:ruretme\"></span> pulor opa \\[ka\ntu=ta\\] me tama-ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere-<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf \\[that\\] you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:pulor\" label=\"exe:pulor\"></span> newer=i\nkoyet, \\[mindi=ta\\] me mier se marua\npay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n‘After paying, they went seawards.’ <span id=\"exe:mindita\"\nlabel=\"exe:mindita\"></span> \n</div> \nThe combination of irrealis =et followed by me is also seen in\npre-posed topic constructions as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eiretme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiretme\">[exe:eiretme]</a>). This is an unusual way\nto present a topic: it is much more common to do so without =et. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme ma se taraouk\nkind_of_fish two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> store\n‘As for those two siadas, he had already stored \\[them\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:eiretme\" label=\"exe:eiretme\"></span> \n</div> \nTopic marker me is homophonous with distal demonstrative me, and has\nlikely developed from it. Demonstratives are known to develop into topic\nmarkers .[^93] They have also been shown to have clause-combining and\ndiscourse-structuring functions . The Kalamang process of\ngrammaticalisation is likely ongoing, judging by the various uses of\nme sketched in this section, and moving away from a demonstrative use,\njudging by its few occurrences as an ordinary exophoric demonstrative. \nThere are also a considerable number of occurrences of me at the\nbeginning of a clause, whose function cannot be determined based on the\ncurrently available data. There are various possible analyses: it can be\nshort for mera ‘then, so’, mena ‘later, otherwise’, it can be a\nfiller,[^94] or it can be a specific use of topic marker or distal\ndemonstrative me. The following four examples show two subsequent\nutterances each, where the second utterance starts with me. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu toni kasur yuwa=ba seng paku=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> want tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nroof nail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They want to nail the roof tomorow.’ me sobas=ta me di=saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\ndawn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘? in the morning, put \\[carry it\\] up.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmier se bara sabua nerunggo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndescend tent inside\n‘They go down into the tent.’ me mu mu=at bon taluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=obj</span> bring exit\n‘? they bring them out.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kor opa se duk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> leg\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbump_into\n‘They already bumped that leg into something.’ me mera kasian Rani\nemun toni ...\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> then anyway Rani\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n‘? then anyway, Rani’s mother said...’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan se mara ki perusahan=ka bot=kin=ta me\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\ncompany=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘I went to sea: “Are you going to the mainland \\[lit. to the\ncompany\\]?”’ me an se mara me eh suol-ca se bes o bes mera\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.quot</span>\nback-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n‘? I went to sea like: “How is your back?” “Oh fine, of course.”’ \n</div> \n</div> \nMuch remains to be investigated regarding the exact functions of\nKalamang me. For example, a more thorough analysis is needed to\nunderstand what guides the use vs. non-use of me with new and given\nreferents, with non-verbal predicates, and when combining clauses.\nAlthough me is one of the most frequent words in the corpus, which\nmeans there is a relative wealth of data available, the mechanisms that\nregulate its use seem quite refined, and a more sophisticated analysis\nis therefore outside the scope of this grammar." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Quantifiers", "Header 2": "Quantifier inflection", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:quantinfl\" label=\"sec:quantinfl\"></span> Quantifiers may\nbe inflected in a number of ways except for its use with classifiers as\ndescribed in §<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>. Suffixes and clitics are only\nattested with lower numerals and bolon ‘little’. Numeral quantifiers\nand pronouns inflected with a numeral may carry the suffix -gan ‘all’\nas shown in(<a href=\"#exe:karugan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:karugan\">[exe:karugan]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:rgan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rgan\">[exe:rgan]</a>). The enclitic =tak ‘just;\nonly’ (example<a href=\"#exe:rtak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rtak\">[exe:rtak]</a>) is found on the numeral two,\npronouns inflected with a numeral, and (fossilised) in bolodak ‘just a\nlittle’ and kodak ‘just one’. Intensification with =tun is found\nwith bolon ‘little’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:sei\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sei\">[exe:sei]</a>) and kodak ‘just one’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:kodakk\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kodakk\">[exe:kodakk]</a>). Tebonggan ‘all’ seems\nto contain the morpheme -gan ‘all’. While tebon cannot be used on\nits own, it is a root that can be reduplicated and intensified with\n=tun as in(<a href=\"#exe:tebonteb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tebonteb\">[exe:tebonteb]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngorun karuok-gan kodak-pis\nstalk three-all just_one-side\n‘All three stalks are on one side.’ <span id=\"exe:karugan\"\nlabel=\"exe:karugan\"></span> inier-gan arekmang\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>-all be_mad\n‘Both of us were mad.’ <span id=\"exe:rgan\" label=\"exe:rgan\"></span> an\nbara komet=ta me kies-eir=tak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> descend\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_long</span>-two=only\n‘I went down to look; \\[there were\\] only two pieces.’\n<span id=\"exe:rtak\" label=\"exe:rtak\"></span> ma mat sei\nbolon∼bolon=tun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> askew\nlittle∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints=ints</span>\n‘He is a tiny bit askew from it.’ <span id=\"exe:sei\"\nlabel=\"exe:sei\"></span> ma-autak kodak∼dak=tun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone\njust_one∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints=ints</span>\n‘He was all alone.’ <span id=\"exe:kodakk\" label=\"exe:kodakk\"></span>\nesun=kin tebon∼tebon=tun mu don kon∼kon paning=nin\nfather.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\nall∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> thing\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\nask=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘From his father’s side everyone didn’t ask for anything.’\n<span id=\"exe:tebonteb\" label=\"exe:tebonteb\"></span> \n</div> \nBoth numeral and non-numeral quantifiers may be reduplicated. The\nnon-numeral quantifiers that are found reduplicated in the corpus are\nbolon ‘little’ and tebonggan ‘all’. These have already been\nexemplified in combination with =tun ‘very’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tebonteb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tebonteb\">[exe:tebonteb]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:sei\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sei\">[exe:sei]</a>). Bolon ‘little’ is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:bolbol\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bolbol\">[exe:bolbol]</a>) without =tun ‘very’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntok bolon∼bolon\nstill little∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints</span>\n‘A little bit more.’ <span id=\"exe:bolbol\" label=\"exe:bolbol\"></span> \n</div> \nThe reduplication of numeral quantifiers creates distributives. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkiel-un jien=i koyet kirakira neba ... potma kies-kan∼san∼suor ye\nroot-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish approximately\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span> cut\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_long</span>-four∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\nor\n‘After getting its root, \\[you\\] eh, cut about four long pieces.’ koi\ntanbes=kin=at bor=taet purir-ba-ka∼ra∼ruok\nthen right_side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span> drill=again\ntwenty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">num.lnk</span>-three∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\n‘Then \\[I\\] drilled the right side, twenty-three \\[holes\\] on each\nside.’ kanien kanien o poup-un wa∼ra∼rip ukir-te sen putkon∼kon\ntie tie <span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\nbundle-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.qlt</span>∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\nmeasure=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> cent\nten∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\n‘Tying, bundles this big each, measure \\[for the price of\\] ten cents\neach.’ \n</div> \nIn addition, reduplication of kon ‘one’ has indefinite-like meanings.\nThe use of konkon with a negated verb and combined with don ‘thing’\nso that we get don konkon Verb=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\nresults in the meaning ‘nothing’, as exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:dkonkon1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dkonkon1\">[exe:dkonkon1]</a>). Konkon=nin can also\nbe used predicatively, inflected with the negator =nin itself, where\nit means ‘it doesn’t matter’.\nSee(<a href=\"#exe:dkonkonn2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dkonkonn2\">[exe:dkonkonn2]</a>). These constructions\nare well-established in the corpus. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nlembaga nerun=ko an don kon∼kon konat=nin\nprison in=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> thing\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\nsee=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He saw nothing / he didn’t see a thing.’ <span id=\"exe:dkonkon1\"\nlabel=\"exe:dkonkon1\"></span> kian ma sala-un don kon∼kon=nin\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nmistake-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> thing\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red=neg</span>\n‘My wife’s mistake doesn’t matter.’ <span id=\"exe:dkonkonn2\"\nlabel=\"exe:dkonkonn2\"></span> \n</div> \nThe corpus also contains two other indefinite-like examples of\nreduplicated kon ‘one’.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:samuret\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:samuret\">[exe:samuret]</a>), the best translation of\nkonkon is ‘few’ or ’some’. It is taken from a discussion about who was\ninvited to a big funeral on Karas. The context\nof(<a href=\"#exe:obatkon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:obatkon\">[exe:obatkon]</a>) gives fewer clues about\nthe meaning of konkon, but it seems to mean ‘other’, or alternatively,\n‘not any’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsamur-et kon∼kon\nMbaham-person one∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘A few Mbaham people.’ <span id=\"exe:samuret\"\nlabel=\"exe:samuret\"></span> sontum pasier=ka bot=nin ... obat\nkon∼kon eranun pi neba=et me ... pirawilak met koyak\nperson beach=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> medicine\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span> cannot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> kind_of_tree\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span> cut\n‘\\[When\\] people can’t go to the toilet, \\[... if we\\] cannot use other\nmedicine, we whatsit \\[...\\] cut that pirawilak.’\n<span id=\"exe:obatkon\" label=\"exe:obatkon\"></span> \n</div> \nBesides reduplication, there is another, less common strategy to create\ndistributive numerals: the suffix -te. Consider the following two\nexamples. In(<a href=\"#exe:nakkon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nakkon\">[exe:nakkon]</a>), this strategy is combined\nwith reduplication. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan se taruon ripi-ap-te karung kon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay thousand-five-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span> sack one\n‘I said five thousand per sack.’ som-kon-te nak-kon∼kon\nperson-one-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\nfruit-one∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\n‘Each person one fruit.’ <span id=\"exe:nakkon\"\nlabel=\"exe:nakkon\"></span> \n</div> \nApproximate quantities are expressed by attaching -kon (homonymous\nwith kon ‘one’) to a numeral. This construction may be accompanied by\nthe similative marker =kap, and the Malay loans kirakira\n‘approximately’ or mungkin ‘maybe’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nikon-i an se parair mungkin et-purir-kon=kap ye\nsome-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsplit maybe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-twenty-approximately=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\nor\n‘Some I already split, maybe twenty or so?’ <span id=\"exe:purirkon\"\nlabel=\"exe:purirkon\"></span> luas-un me mungkin meter ap-kon\nwide-<span class=\"smallcaps\">nmlz</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> maybe metre five-approximately\n‘The width is maybe five metres.’ \n</div> \nThe last inflection attested on quantifiers is the quantifier object\nmarker -i (§<a href=\"#sec:numobj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:numobj\">[sec:numobj]</a>), for quantifiers in object\nNPs. An example of this is ikon ‘some’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:purirkon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:purirkon\">[exe:purirkon]</a>) above." } ], "index": 49, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Its width is maybe five metres.", "split": "train" }
Mu marmari os koldun bo duk.	They walked until the edge of the beach.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: They walked until the edge of the beach.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"They\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: brush turkey\nKalamang translation: maniktambang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"They\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: The Netherlands\nKalamang translation: Beladar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"walked\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: walk with big steps\nKalamang translation: panggat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"walked\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: walk\nKalamang translation: korgi marmar; marmar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"until\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: untroubled\nKalamang translation: komisternin\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"until\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: until\nKalamang translation: bo; sampai; sampi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"edge\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: beach edge\nKalamang translation: oskol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"edge\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: reef edge\nKalamang translation: tebol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"of\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: falling of fruit\nKalamang translation: ruak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"of\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: smaller birds of prey\nKalamang translation: tanggal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"beach\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: on/at beach\nKalamang translation: oskeit\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"beach\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: beach\nKalamang translation: osep\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"They\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are picking gogit leaves to cook.\nKalamang translation: Mu gogit olunat parua kuar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"They\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They three stand, one in the front, two in the back.\nKalamang translation: Munggaruok mambara, kon borara, eir epkadok.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"walked\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are walking down those stairs.\nKalamang translation: Mu but yumenggara marmari bara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"walked\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Unyil walked into her mother and her mother fell.\nKalamang translation: Unyil marmarta emunat kosara, emun tur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"until\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother has many chickens, but they are still small.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun kokoun reidak ba tok kinkinun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"until\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I slept until morning, then I got up.\nKalamang translation: An minda go dungda an parar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"edge\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends planted a girawar tree at the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu girawarat oskol owatko kawaya.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"edge\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Someone is whistling on the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Somkona oskol owangga filoit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"of\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The top of the rice is still undercooked.\nKalamang translation: Pasa me keirun tok kangguar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"of\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Kiba's family have a lot of blossom with red flowers.\nKalamang translation: Kiba mu bunga arun bo reidak pusun kerkapten.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"beach\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Someone is whistling on the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Somkona oskol owangga filoit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"beach\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends planted a girawar tree at the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu girawarat oskol owatko kawaya.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:inal\" label=\"sec:inal\"></span> Kalamang common nouns\ndisplay an alienable/inalienable distinction. Alienable forms are free\nroots, which means they can always occur uninflected. The large majority\nof Kalamang nouns are alienable, and include words referring to places,\nobjects, substances and abstract things, such as kolak ‘mountain;\nmainland’, sasul ‘spoon’, ror ‘tree; wood’, ema ‘mother’ and rer\n‘story’. A small minority of the nouns are inalienable; they are bound\nroots that must carry a possessive suffix\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:poss\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:poss\">[ch:poss]</a>). \nInalienable roots include certain kinship terms, part-of-whole terms and\nrelational nouns. They can be divided into three groups based on the\nmorphology they take and their semantic categories. \nFirst, there is a small group of five roots[^47] which can never occur\nwithout a possessive suffix. They all refer to family members, and are\nlisted in(<a href=\"#exe:fammembers\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:fammembers\">[exe:fammembers]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndun- ‘opposite-sex sibling’ kia- ‘same-sex sibling; cousin’\nkiar-/kie- ‘wife’ nam- ‘husband’ tara- ‘grandparent; grandchild’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:fammembers\" label=\"exe:fammembers\"></span> \n</div> \nOther kinship terms (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinnouns\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinnouns\">[sec:kinnouns]</a> and\n§<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>) are alienable, as\nare words like lidan ‘friend’ and kiekter ‘shadow’. One kinship\nterm, tumun ‘child’, looks like it has the fossilised third-person\npossessive suffix -un, but is a free root. It has a reduplicated form\ntumtum ‘children’, showing that the root is tum. Possessive\nsuffixes, however, are attached to the root tumun: tumun-an\n‘child-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>’ and tumun-un\n‘child-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. \nSecond, there is a larger group of inalienable nouns that specify parts\nof a whole. They almost always modify another noun, and tend to carry\nthe third-person possessive marker -un. They typically refer to parts\nof plants or to ways of grouping units (e.g. poup- ‘bundle’).\nTable<a href=\"#tab:pwhnouns\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:pwhnouns\">7.1</a> contains the currently known\nexamples from the corpus, but it is likely that more such forms exist.\nForms marked with an asterisk are also classifiers, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>. \n<div id=\"tab:pwhnouns\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:----------\|:---------------------------------\|\n\| al-\\* \| ‘string’ \|\n\| ar-\\* \| ‘stem’ \|\n\| kang- \| ‘thorn’ \|\n\| kiel- \| ‘root’ \|\n\| kun- \| ‘pith’ \|\n\| nak-\\* \| ‘fruit’ \|\n\| ol- \| ‘leaf’ \|\n\| or- \| ‘tail’ \|\n\| pan- \| ‘heap’ \|\n\| poup-\\* \| ‘bundle’ \|\n\| tak-\\* \| ‘leaf; page; thin, flat surface’ \|\n\| tang-\\* \| ‘seed’ \|\n\| tem- \| ‘stem’ \|\n\| tep-\\* \| ‘fruit’ \|\n\| \| \| \nPart-whole nouns \n</div> \nThird, Kalamang has ten attested relational nouns. These must be in a\nlocative or lative NP (e.g. elak yumetko ‘bottom there’ or elak=ka\n‘to/from below’), or carry one of the following suffixes: \n- third-person possessive -un (indicating a part/whole-relationship),\ne.g. kewe mul-un ‘house side-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’,\n‘the side of the house’ \n- -pis ‘side’, e.g. kit-pis ‘top-side’ \n- -kadok ‘side’, e.g. raor-kadok ‘middle-side’ \nThe relational nouns are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:locationals\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:locationals\">7.2</a>. They are commonly inflected\nwith the possessive suffix -un and sometimes also carry the locative\npostposition =ko. Some forms may directly carry =ko.\nTable<a href=\"#tab:locationals\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:locationals\">7.2</a> shows the roots, the inflected\nforms and the forms with postpositions as they occur in the corpus. \n<div id=\"tab:locationals\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:----------------------------\|:--------------------------\|\n\| root \| inflected/ \|\n\| \| with postposition \|\n\| as- ‘edge’ \| asun(ggo) \|\n\| elak- ‘bottom, underside’ \| elaun(ggo), elao \|\n\| keit- ‘top, upper side’ \| ke(i)run(ggo), k(e)itko \|\n\| kol- ‘outside’ \| kolko \|\n\| mul- ‘side’ \| mulun(ggo), mulko \|\n\| ne(r)- ‘inside’ \| nerun(ggo), ne(r)ko \|\n\| siep- ‘edge’ \| siun(ggo) \|\n\| (sil)ep- ‘backside’ \| sileunggo, (sil)epko \|\n\| talep- ‘outside’ \| talepko \|\n\| tim- ‘edge; tip’ \| timun, timgo \|\n\| \| \| \nRelational nouns \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:siepsiep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:siepsiep\">[exe:siepsiep]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:siun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:siun\">[exe:siun]</a>) show siep- ‘edge’ inflected\nwith third-person possessive -un and with both -un and locative\n=ko. (<a href=\"#exe:kitko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitko\">[exe:kitko]</a>),(<a href=\"#exe:kitpis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitpis\">[exe:kitpis]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:kitkadok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitkadok\">[exe:kitkadok]</a>) show kit- ‘top’ with\nlocative =ko, -pis ‘side’ and -kadok ‘side’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmier-gan neba-un kit-pis siep∼siep-un eir-gan\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-both\nwhat-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> top-side\nedge∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints-3poss</span> two-both\n‘Both their whatsits point up, both on the very edge.’\n<span id=\"exe:siepsiep\" label=\"exe:siepsiep\"></span> mu se koi wat\npes=at di=kahalong siep-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nthen coconut shell=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=spear\nedge-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘Then they put coconut shell on the edge of the spear.’\n<span id=\"exe:siun\" label=\"exe:siun\"></span> ma kit=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntop=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘He’s up \\[there\\].’ <span id=\"exe:kitko\" label=\"exe:kitko\"></span> ma\nkit-pis=i sarat=nin ma elak-pis=i=a barat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntop-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ndown-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘It doesn’t go up, it goes down.’ <span id=\"exe:kitpis\"\nlabel=\"exe:kitpis\"></span> kewe-un kit-kadok\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> top-side\n‘His house is at the top.’ <span id=\"exe:kitkadok\"\nlabel=\"exe:kitkadok\"></span> \n</div> \nNote that nouns with -pis and -kadok can be used predicatively\n(illustrated for -pis\nin<a href=\"#exe:kitpis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitpis\">[exe:kitpis]</a> and for -kadok\nin<a href=\"#exe:kitkadok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitkadok\">[exe:kitkadok]</a>), or can be arguments,\nas illustrated for the object NPs\nin(<a href=\"#exe:pisat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pisat\">[exe:pisat]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:kosat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kosat\">[exe:kosat]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkiel-un yuon talawak-pis=at jiet=et\nroot-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> sun\neast-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘If \\[you\\] get an east-side root...’ <span id=\"exe:pisat\"\nlabel=\"exe:pisat\"></span> dinding kibis-kadok=at mera kosalir=kin\nwall shore-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> then\nchange=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘(They) then want to change the shore-side wall.’ <span id=\"exe:kosat\"\nlabel=\"exe:kosat\"></span> \n</div> \nThese suffixes, like locative =ko and lative =ka, are not exclusive\nto locational nouns. One example with predicative nouns -pis is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:pis1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pis1\">[exe:pis1]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon kahaman-un kit-pis kon elak-pis ba temun\none bottom-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> top-side one\ndown-side but big\n‘One’s bottom is at the top, one is at the bottom, but \\[it’s\\] big.’\n<span id=\"exe:pis1\" label=\"exe:pis1\"></span> \n</div> \nA fourth group of bound roots related to noun categorisation are numeral\nclassifiers. Though likely derived from nouns, they are not nouns\nthemselves, but prefixes to numerals. There are fifteen classifiers,\nwhich occur in combination with a subset of the nouns. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a> for further discussion.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:distrnoun\" label=\"sec:distrnoun\"></span> Reduplication of\nnouns that refer to a location can be used to indicate distributivity.\n(<a href=\"#exe:oskitkit\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:oskitkit\">[exe:oskitkit]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:osewep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:osewep\">[exe:osewep]</a>) are from recordings about\nwhere certain plants can be found.\n(<a href=\"#exe:oskitkit\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:oskitkit\">[exe:oskitkit]</a>) has a reduplicated\noskeit ‘beach’ (from os ‘sand’ and keit ‘top’), as well as a\nreduplicated verb kos ‘to grow’ to indicate distribution or\nhabituality (§<a href=\"#sec:verbred\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbred\">[sec:verbred]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:osewep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:osewep\">[exe:osewep]</a>) has a reduplicated osep\n‘beach’ (perhaps from os ‘sand’ and ep ‘back’). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbiasa oskeit∼keit=ko kos∼kos=te\nnormally\nbeach∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\ngrow∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Normally it grows at the beach.’ <span id=\"exe:oskitkit\"\nlabel=\"exe:oskitkit\"></span> ma osep∼ep=ko Tat me reidak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbeach∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr=loc</span> Tat\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> much\n‘It’s at the beach. At Tat there are many.’ <span id=\"exe:osewep\"\nlabel=\"exe:osewep\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:rumrum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rumrum\">[exe:rumrum]</a>) makes use of reduplicated\ntim ‘edge; tip’ (modifying a plant name) to indicate a path. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier yecie ... rumrum-tim∼tim mera se pareir\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span> return\nkind_of_plant-edge∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> follow\n‘We returned following the edge of the rumrum plants.’\n<span id=\"exe:rumrum\" label=\"exe:rumrum\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: They walked until the edge of the beach.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Mu marmari os koldun bo duk.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Mu marmari os koldun bo duk.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Nouns, noun phrases and postpositional phrases", "Header 2": "Noun subclasses", "Header 3": "Common nouns", "Header 4": "Alienability" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:inal\" label=\"sec:inal\"></span> Kalamang common nouns\ndisplay an alienable/inalienable distinction. Alienable forms are free\nroots, which means they can always occur uninflected. The large majority\nof Kalamang nouns are alienable, and include words referring to places,\nobjects, substances and abstract things, such as kolak ‘mountain;\nmainland’, sasul ‘spoon’, ror ‘tree; wood’, ema ‘mother’ and rer\n‘story’. A small minority of the nouns are inalienable; they are bound\nroots that must carry a possessive suffix\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:poss\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:poss\">[ch:poss]</a>). \nInalienable roots include certain kinship terms, part-of-whole terms and\nrelational nouns. They can be divided into three groups based on the\nmorphology they take and their semantic categories. \nFirst, there is a small group of five roots[^47] which can never occur\nwithout a possessive suffix. They all refer to family members, and are\nlisted in(<a href=\"#exe:fammembers\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:fammembers\">[exe:fammembers]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndun- ‘opposite-sex sibling’ kia- ‘same-sex sibling; cousin’\nkiar-/kie- ‘wife’ nam- ‘husband’ tara- ‘grandparent; grandchild’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:fammembers\" label=\"exe:fammembers\"></span> \n</div> \nOther kinship terms (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinnouns\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinnouns\">[sec:kinnouns]</a> and\n§<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>) are alienable, as\nare words like lidan ‘friend’ and kiekter ‘shadow’. One kinship\nterm, tumun ‘child’, looks like it has the fossilised third-person\npossessive suffix -un, but is a free root. It has a reduplicated form\ntumtum ‘children’, showing that the root is tum. Possessive\nsuffixes, however, are attached to the root tumun: tumun-an\n‘child-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>’ and tumun-un\n‘child-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. \nSecond, there is a larger group of inalienable nouns that specify parts\nof a whole. They almost always modify another noun, and tend to carry\nthe third-person possessive marker -un. They typically refer to parts\nof plants or to ways of grouping units (e.g. poup- ‘bundle’).\nTable<a href=\"#tab:pwhnouns\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:pwhnouns\">7.1</a> contains the currently known\nexamples from the corpus, but it is likely that more such forms exist.\nForms marked with an asterisk are also classifiers, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>. \n<div id=\"tab:pwhnouns\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:----------\|:---------------------------------\|\n\| al-\\* \| ‘string’ \|\n\| ar-\\* \| ‘stem’ \|\n\| kang- \| ‘thorn’ \|\n\| kiel- \| ‘root’ \|\n\| kun- \| ‘pith’ \|\n\| nak-\\* \| ‘fruit’ \|\n\| ol- \| ‘leaf’ \|\n\| or- \| ‘tail’ \|\n\| pan- \| ‘heap’ \|\n\| poup-\\* \| ‘bundle’ \|\n\| tak-\\* \| ‘leaf; page; thin, flat surface’ \|\n\| tang-\\* \| ‘seed’ \|\n\| tem- \| ‘stem’ \|\n\| tep-\\* \| ‘fruit’ \|\n\| \| \| \nPart-whole nouns \n</div> \nThird, Kalamang has ten attested relational nouns. These must be in a\nlocative or lative NP (e.g. elak yumetko ‘bottom there’ or elak=ka\n‘to/from below’), or carry one of the following suffixes: \n- third-person possessive -un (indicating a part/whole-relationship),\ne.g. kewe mul-un ‘house side-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’,\n‘the side of the house’ \n- -pis ‘side’, e.g. kit-pis ‘top-side’ \n- -kadok ‘side’, e.g. raor-kadok ‘middle-side’ \nThe relational nouns are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:locationals\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:locationals\">7.2</a>. They are commonly inflected\nwith the possessive suffix -un and sometimes also carry the locative\npostposition =ko. Some forms may directly carry =ko.\nTable<a href=\"#tab:locationals\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:locationals\">7.2</a> shows the roots, the inflected\nforms and the forms with postpositions as they occur in the corpus. \n<div id=\"tab:locationals\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:----------------------------\|:--------------------------\|\n\| root \| inflected/ \|\n\| \| with postposition \|\n\| as- ‘edge’ \| asun(ggo) \|\n\| elak- ‘bottom, underside’ \| elaun(ggo), elao \|\n\| keit- ‘top, upper side’ \| ke(i)run(ggo), k(e)itko \|\n\| kol- ‘outside’ \| kolko \|\n\| mul- ‘side’ \| mulun(ggo), mulko \|\n\| ne(r)- ‘inside’ \| nerun(ggo), ne(r)ko \|\n\| siep- ‘edge’ \| siun(ggo) \|\n\| (sil)ep- ‘backside’ \| sileunggo, (sil)epko \|\n\| talep- ‘outside’ \| talepko \|\n\| tim- ‘edge; tip’ \| timun, timgo \|\n\| \| \| \nRelational nouns \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:siepsiep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:siepsiep\">[exe:siepsiep]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:siun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:siun\">[exe:siun]</a>) show siep- ‘edge’ inflected\nwith third-person possessive -un and with both -un and locative\n=ko. (<a href=\"#exe:kitko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitko\">[exe:kitko]</a>),(<a href=\"#exe:kitpis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitpis\">[exe:kitpis]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:kitkadok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitkadok\">[exe:kitkadok]</a>) show kit- ‘top’ with\nlocative =ko, -pis ‘side’ and -kadok ‘side’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmier-gan neba-un kit-pis siep∼siep-un eir-gan\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-both\nwhat-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> top-side\nedge∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints-3poss</span> two-both\n‘Both their whatsits point up, both on the very edge.’\n<span id=\"exe:siepsiep\" label=\"exe:siepsiep\"></span> mu se koi wat\npes=at di=kahalong siep-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nthen coconut shell=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=spear\nedge-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘Then they put coconut shell on the edge of the spear.’\n<span id=\"exe:siun\" label=\"exe:siun\"></span> ma kit=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntop=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘He’s up \\[there\\].’ <span id=\"exe:kitko\" label=\"exe:kitko\"></span> ma\nkit-pis=i sarat=nin ma elak-pis=i=a barat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntop-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ndown-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘It doesn’t go up, it goes down.’ <span id=\"exe:kitpis\"\nlabel=\"exe:kitpis\"></span> kewe-un kit-kadok\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> top-side\n‘His house is at the top.’ <span id=\"exe:kitkadok\"\nlabel=\"exe:kitkadok\"></span> \n</div> \nNote that nouns with -pis and -kadok can be used predicatively\n(illustrated for -pis\nin<a href=\"#exe:kitpis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitpis\">[exe:kitpis]</a> and for -kadok\nin<a href=\"#exe:kitkadok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitkadok\">[exe:kitkadok]</a>), or can be arguments,\nas illustrated for the object NPs\nin(<a href=\"#exe:pisat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pisat\">[exe:pisat]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:kosat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kosat\">[exe:kosat]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkiel-un yuon talawak-pis=at jiet=et\nroot-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> sun\neast-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘If \\[you\\] get an east-side root...’ <span id=\"exe:pisat\"\nlabel=\"exe:pisat\"></span> dinding kibis-kadok=at mera kosalir=kin\nwall shore-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> then\nchange=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘(They) then want to change the shore-side wall.’ <span id=\"exe:kosat\"\nlabel=\"exe:kosat\"></span> \n</div> \nThese suffixes, like locative =ko and lative =ka, are not exclusive\nto locational nouns. One example with predicative nouns -pis is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:pis1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pis1\">[exe:pis1]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon kahaman-un kit-pis kon elak-pis ba temun\none bottom-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> top-side one\ndown-side but big\n‘One’s bottom is at the top, one is at the bottom, but \\[it’s\\] big.’\n<span id=\"exe:pis1\" label=\"exe:pis1\"></span> \n</div> \nA fourth group of bound roots related to noun categorisation are numeral\nclassifiers. Though likely derived from nouns, they are not nouns\nthemselves, but prefixes to numerals. There are fifteen classifiers,\nwhich occur in combination with a subset of the nouns. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a> for further discussion." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Nouns, noun phrases and postpositional phrases", "Header 2": "Noun derivation", "Header 3": "Reduplication of nouns", "Header 4": "Distributivity" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:distrnoun\" label=\"sec:distrnoun\"></span> Reduplication of\nnouns that refer to a location can be used to indicate distributivity.\n(<a href=\"#exe:oskitkit\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:oskitkit\">[exe:oskitkit]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:osewep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:osewep\">[exe:osewep]</a>) are from recordings about\nwhere certain plants can be found.\n(<a href=\"#exe:oskitkit\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:oskitkit\">[exe:oskitkit]</a>) has a reduplicated\noskeit ‘beach’ (from os ‘sand’ and keit ‘top’), as well as a\nreduplicated verb kos ‘to grow’ to indicate distribution or\nhabituality (§<a href=\"#sec:verbred\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbred\">[sec:verbred]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:osewep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:osewep\">[exe:osewep]</a>) has a reduplicated osep\n‘beach’ (perhaps from os ‘sand’ and ep ‘back’). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbiasa oskeit∼keit=ko kos∼kos=te\nnormally\nbeach∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\ngrow∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Normally it grows at the beach.’ <span id=\"exe:oskitkit\"\nlabel=\"exe:oskitkit\"></span> ma osep∼ep=ko Tat me reidak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbeach∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr=loc</span> Tat\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> much\n‘It’s at the beach. At Tat there are many.’ <span id=\"exe:osewep\"\nlabel=\"exe:osewep\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:rumrum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rumrum\">[exe:rumrum]</a>) makes use of reduplicated\ntim ‘edge; tip’ (modifying a plant name) to indicate a path. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier yecie ... rumrum-tim∼tim mera se pareir\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span> return\nkind_of_plant-edge∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> follow\n‘We returned following the edge of the rumrum plants.’\n<span id=\"exe:rumrum\" label=\"exe:rumrum\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 50, "level": "low_resource", "question": "They walked until the edge of the beach.", "split": "train" }
Keitar me kalis ur.	The day before yesterday it rained.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: The day before yesterday it rained.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: The Netherlands\nKalamang translation: Beladar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"day\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: day\nKalamang translation: go yuol; hari; yuol; yuor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"day\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: day after tomorrow\nKalamang translation: keirko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"before\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: day before yesterday\nKalamang translation: keitar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"before\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: before too long\nKalamang translation: tikninda\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"yesterday\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: yesterday\nKalamang translation: wis\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"yesterday\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: day before yesterday\nKalamang translation: keitar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"it\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that's it\nKalamang translation: ma he me\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"it\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: with a hole in it\nKalamang translation: durcie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"rained\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: rainbow\nKalamang translation: kalis tanggir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"rained\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: drizzle, light rain\nKalamang translation: kalis sasarawe\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The ananas isn't ripe yet.\nKalamang translation: Kainasu me tok sawaunin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The fish's gall bladder exploded.\nKalamang translation: Sar iemuna kararcie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"day\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We went to get Mustafa's father to read the Thursday prayers.\nKalamang translation: In Mustafa esun rewet malamat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"day\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That day there was a lot of fish.\nKalamang translation: Yuol me sorat fakurat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"before\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Before, they wore loin cloths.\nKalamang translation: Wise me mu kewara sabur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"before\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Before, they went to pick mangosteen to cook and eat.\nKalamang translation: Wiseme mu bo gainkajie kuarte na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"yesterday\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They two are diving for red cluster whip.\nKalamang translation: Mier waranggeit koar teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"yesterday\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yesterday it rained, today the weather is clear.\nKalamang translation: Wis kalis ourta, opa yua go sir.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"it\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Keep it still already!\nKalamang translation: Mat malelinde geǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"it\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When it rains we can see the other island close-by.\nKalamang translation: Kalis urta pi lenggonat komera kokir.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"rained\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: In the late afternoon it rained.\nKalamang translation: Go ginggirta kalis se our.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"rained\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yesterday it rained, today the weather is clear.\nKalamang translation: Wis kalis ourta, opa yua go sir.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:tempadv\" label=\"sec:tempadv\"></span> Temporal adverbials\nset the temporal scene for a clause and modify the entire clause.\nTemporal adverbials come in the clause-initial (i.e. pre-subject) slot.\nExamples of temporal adverbials are listed\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tempadv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tempadv\">[exe:tempadv]</a>) below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄ keitar day before yesterday\nwis yesterday; past\nopa yuwa earlier today\nopa earlier; just now\nkasur tomorrow\nkeirko day after tomorrow \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:tempadv\" label=\"exe:tempadv\"></span> \n</div> \nAn example with wis ‘yesterday’ is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wis1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wis1\">[exe:wis1]</a>), and opa yuwa ‘(earlier)\ntoday’ and kasur ‘tomorrow’ are shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kasur\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kasur\">[exe:kasur]</a>). \nwis sekitar jam satu in wa kaluar\nyesterday around hour one <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> exit\n‘Yesterday around one o’clock we left from here.’ <span id=\"exe:wis1\"\nlabel=\"exe:wis1\"></span> \nma toni opa_yuwa an dodon waruo=teba kasur mu kolak=ka bot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say today\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> clothes\nwash=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nmountain=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘She said: “Today I was washing clothes.” Tomorrow they want to go to\nthe mountains.’ <span id=\"exe:kasur\" label=\"exe:kasur\"></span> \nThe Kalamang day is divided into four: from the time around sunrise\nuntil it starts getting hot (approximately 5 a.m. to 10 a.m.), around\nthe hottest hours of the day (approximately 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.), the late\nafternoon until sunset (approximately 4 p.m. to 6 p.m.), and the dark\nhours (approximately 6 p.m. to 5 a.m.). Adverbial phrases referring to\nthe times of the day are formed with go ‘place; (weather) condition’.\nGo and the time of day can be separated by aspectual markers se\n‘already’ and tok ‘still; yet; first’, e.g. go se saun ‘it’s already\nevening’. The times of the day are listed below with their translations\nand their corresponding nouns, if available. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄̄̄ go dung in the morning\ngo yuol during the day yuol day; light\ngo ginggir in the (late) afternoon ginggir (late) afternoon\ngo saun in the night/evening saun night; dark \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:partday\" label=\"exe:partday\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen used adverbially, the times of day always occur at the beginning of\nthe clause, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:godung\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:godung\">[exe:godung]</a>). They can be accompanied\nby bo ‘go’ to create the meaning ‘when it had turned \\[part of day\\]’,\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:bogosaun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bogosaun\">[exe:bogosaun]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo_dung inier se koi bot\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> again go\n‘In the morning we left again.’ <span id=\"exe:godung\"\nlabel=\"exe:godung\"></span> bo go.saun mu se muap=at maraouk\ngo evening <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> put_out\n‘When it turned evening they put out the food.’ <span id=\"exe:bogosaun\"\nlabel=\"exe:bogosaun\"></span> \n</div> \nTo make the construction ‘last/earlier this + part of day’ opa\n‘earlier’ is used. Opa cannot be combined with (go) dung ‘(in the)\nmorning’, but can be combined with another temporal adverbial, naupar\n‘morning’. The only time of day that retains go in combination with\nopa is go yuol, perhaps because yuol can also mean ‘light’. See\nthe overview in(<a href=\"#exe:partdayopa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:partdayopa\">[exe:partdayopa]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:opasaun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:opasaun\">[exe:opasaun]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄̄̄ opa naupar earlier this morning \\*opa go dung\nopa go yuol earlier today \\*opa yuol\nopa ginggir earlier this (late) afternoon\nopa saun last night; earlier tonight; this evening \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:partdayopa\" label=\"exe:partdayopa\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nopa saun jam tiga an se toni min=kin\nlast night o’clock three <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> want\nsleep=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Last night at three o’clock I wanted to go sleep.’\n<span id=\"exe:opasaun\" label=\"exe:opasaun\"></span> \n</div> \nThe days of the week are all derived from the Malay terms, which in turn\nare loans from Arabic. They are usually preceded by the Malay loan\nhari ‘day’. The days are listed\nin(<a href=\"#exe:weekdays\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:weekdays\">[exe:weekdays]</a>). The pronunciation\nroba for ‘Wednesday’ seems to be rather marginal; most people use\nMalay rabu. An example with ariemun ‘Friday’ is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ariemun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ariemun\">[exe:ariemun]</a>). Ariemun seems to be a\ncontraction of hari ‘day’ and emun ‘mother; big’ (since Friday is\nthe most important day in Islam) rather than a loan from\nMalay/Indonesian jumat, ultimately Arabic aljumʕa. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄̄ weekday term loan from\nsenen ‘Monday’ \\< Malay senin\nselasa ‘Tuesday’ \\< Malay selasa\nroba ‘Wednesday \\< Malay rabu\nkamis ‘Thursday’ \\< Malay kamis\nariemun ‘Friday’\nsaptu ‘Saturday’ \\< Malay sabtu\nahat ‘Sunday’ \\< Malay ahad \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:weekdays\" label=\"exe:weekdays\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan toni ariemun eba in tok bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say Friday then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> first\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I said we wait until Friday and then we go.’ <span id=\"exe:ariemun\"\nlabel=\"exe:ariemun\"></span> \n</div> \nThe moon phases are designated pak talawak ‘new moon’ and pak tubak\n‘full moon’. Four months from the Arabic calendar with Kalamang names\nare currently in use in a twelve-month system. They are listed\nin(<a href=\"#exe:months\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:months\">[exe:months]</a>), with the corresponding\nMalay names and the number of the month in the Arabic calendar. Three of\nthe four month names are derived from nouns that are currently in use in\nKalamang. The reason the month known as ‘safar’ in Arabic is derived\nfrom Kalamang roba ‘Wednesday’ is that people in Malaysia and parts of\nIndonesia, including the Karas Islands, celebrate the last bath of the\nprophet Muhammad by bathing in the sea and having a picnic on the beach\non the last Wednesday of that month. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nrobaherpak, from roba ‘Wednesday’, Malay bulan shafar, 2nd month\ndilurpak, from dilur ‘?’, Malay bulan maulud; rabiul akhir, 6th\nmonth tolaspak, from tolas ‘break the fast’, Malay bulan puasa;\nbulan ramadhan, 9th month hajiwak, from haji ‘hajj’, Malay bulan\nhaji; dzulhijjah, 12th month \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:months\" label=\"exe:months\"></span> \n</div> \nThe Karas Islands have two main meteorological seasons: kemanurpak,\nlit. ‘west month’, the wet season with winds from the west, and\ntagurpak, lit. ‘east month’, the dry season with winds from the east.\nThese are not encountered in the corpus, and it remains unclear which\nposition in the clause they take. \nTo make the construction ‘... ago’, the period of time is put in\nclause-initial position with a high boundary tone. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nminggu kon in ar=teba\nH L\nweek one <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘One week ago we were fishing.’ \n</div> \nAll ‘... ago’ constructions were elicited. In practice, people prefer to\nuse wis to indicate that the event took place in the past. Like\nkemarin in Malay, wis can be yesterday, but also any other time\nbefore today. To indicate a really long time ago (usually when talking\nabout another generation, or when telling fictional stories), one can\nuse wiseme ‘a long time ago’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:wiseme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wiseme\">[exe:wiseme]</a>) is the beginning of a\nstory about the Second World War. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwiseme Jepang=bon Amerika=bon nau=sair=ten\nlong_time_ago Japan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nAmerica=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=shoot=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n‘A long time ago, Japan and America were at war.’ <span id=\"exe:wiseme\"\nlabel=\"exe:wiseme\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: The day before yesterday it rained.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Keitar me kalis ur.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Keitar me kalis ur.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Wordlist", "Header 2": "Wordlist Kalamang-English", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Adverbial modifiers", "Header 3": "Temporal adverbials", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:tempadv\" label=\"sec:tempadv\"></span> Temporal adverbials\nset the temporal scene for a clause and modify the entire clause.\nTemporal adverbials come in the clause-initial (i.e. pre-subject) slot.\nExamples of temporal adverbials are listed\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tempadv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tempadv\">[exe:tempadv]</a>) below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄ keitar day before yesterday\nwis yesterday; past\nopa yuwa earlier today\nopa earlier; just now\nkasur tomorrow\nkeirko day after tomorrow \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:tempadv\" label=\"exe:tempadv\"></span> \n</div> \nAn example with wis ‘yesterday’ is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wis1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wis1\">[exe:wis1]</a>), and opa yuwa ‘(earlier)\ntoday’ and kasur ‘tomorrow’ are shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kasur\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kasur\">[exe:kasur]</a>). \nwis sekitar jam satu in wa kaluar\nyesterday around hour one <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> exit\n‘Yesterday around one o’clock we left from here.’ <span id=\"exe:wis1\"\nlabel=\"exe:wis1\"></span> \nma toni opa_yuwa an dodon waruo=teba kasur mu kolak=ka bot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say today\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> clothes\nwash=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nmountain=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘She said: “Today I was washing clothes.” Tomorrow they want to go to\nthe mountains.’ <span id=\"exe:kasur\" label=\"exe:kasur\"></span> \nThe Kalamang day is divided into four: from the time around sunrise\nuntil it starts getting hot (approximately 5 a.m. to 10 a.m.), around\nthe hottest hours of the day (approximately 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.), the late\nafternoon until sunset (approximately 4 p.m. to 6 p.m.), and the dark\nhours (approximately 6 p.m. to 5 a.m.). Adverbial phrases referring to\nthe times of the day are formed with go ‘place; (weather) condition’.\nGo and the time of day can be separated by aspectual markers se\n‘already’ and tok ‘still; yet; first’, e.g. go se saun ‘it’s already\nevening’. The times of the day are listed below with their translations\nand their corresponding nouns, if available. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄̄̄ go dung in the morning\ngo yuol during the day yuol day; light\ngo ginggir in the (late) afternoon ginggir (late) afternoon\ngo saun in the night/evening saun night; dark \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:partday\" label=\"exe:partday\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen used adverbially, the times of day always occur at the beginning of\nthe clause, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:godung\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:godung\">[exe:godung]</a>). They can be accompanied\nby bo ‘go’ to create the meaning ‘when it had turned \\[part of day\\]’,\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:bogosaun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bogosaun\">[exe:bogosaun]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo_dung inier se koi bot\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> again go\n‘In the morning we left again.’ <span id=\"exe:godung\"\nlabel=\"exe:godung\"></span> bo go.saun mu se muap=at maraouk\ngo evening <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> put_out\n‘When it turned evening they put out the food.’ <span id=\"exe:bogosaun\"\nlabel=\"exe:bogosaun\"></span> \n</div> \nTo make the construction ‘last/earlier this + part of day’ opa\n‘earlier’ is used. Opa cannot be combined with (go) dung ‘(in the)\nmorning’, but can be combined with another temporal adverbial, naupar\n‘morning’. The only time of day that retains go in combination with\nopa is go yuol, perhaps because yuol can also mean ‘light’. See\nthe overview in(<a href=\"#exe:partdayopa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:partdayopa\">[exe:partdayopa]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:opasaun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:opasaun\">[exe:opasaun]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄̄̄ opa naupar earlier this morning \\*opa go dung\nopa go yuol earlier today \\*opa yuol\nopa ginggir earlier this (late) afternoon\nopa saun last night; earlier tonight; this evening \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:partdayopa\" label=\"exe:partdayopa\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nopa saun jam tiga an se toni min=kin\nlast night o’clock three <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> want\nsleep=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Last night at three o’clock I wanted to go sleep.’\n<span id=\"exe:opasaun\" label=\"exe:opasaun\"></span> \n</div> \nThe days of the week are all derived from the Malay terms, which in turn\nare loans from Arabic. They are usually preceded by the Malay loan\nhari ‘day’. The days are listed\nin(<a href=\"#exe:weekdays\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:weekdays\">[exe:weekdays]</a>). The pronunciation\nroba for ‘Wednesday’ seems to be rather marginal; most people use\nMalay rabu. An example with ariemun ‘Friday’ is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ariemun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ariemun\">[exe:ariemun]</a>). Ariemun seems to be a\ncontraction of hari ‘day’ and emun ‘mother; big’ (since Friday is\nthe most important day in Islam) rather than a loan from\nMalay/Indonesian jumat, ultimately Arabic aljumʕa. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄̄ weekday term loan from\nsenen ‘Monday’ \\< Malay senin\nselasa ‘Tuesday’ \\< Malay selasa\nroba ‘Wednesday \\< Malay rabu\nkamis ‘Thursday’ \\< Malay kamis\nariemun ‘Friday’\nsaptu ‘Saturday’ \\< Malay sabtu\nahat ‘Sunday’ \\< Malay ahad \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:weekdays\" label=\"exe:weekdays\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan toni ariemun eba in tok bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say Friday then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> first\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I said we wait until Friday and then we go.’ <span id=\"exe:ariemun\"\nlabel=\"exe:ariemun\"></span> \n</div> \nThe moon phases are designated pak talawak ‘new moon’ and pak tubak\n‘full moon’. Four months from the Arabic calendar with Kalamang names\nare currently in use in a twelve-month system. They are listed\nin(<a href=\"#exe:months\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:months\">[exe:months]</a>), with the corresponding\nMalay names and the number of the month in the Arabic calendar. Three of\nthe four month names are derived from nouns that are currently in use in\nKalamang. The reason the month known as ‘safar’ in Arabic is derived\nfrom Kalamang roba ‘Wednesday’ is that people in Malaysia and parts of\nIndonesia, including the Karas Islands, celebrate the last bath of the\nprophet Muhammad by bathing in the sea and having a picnic on the beach\non the last Wednesday of that month. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nrobaherpak, from roba ‘Wednesday’, Malay bulan shafar, 2nd month\ndilurpak, from dilur ‘?’, Malay bulan maulud; rabiul akhir, 6th\nmonth tolaspak, from tolas ‘break the fast’, Malay bulan puasa;\nbulan ramadhan, 9th month hajiwak, from haji ‘hajj’, Malay bulan\nhaji; dzulhijjah, 12th month \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:months\" label=\"exe:months\"></span> \n</div> \nThe Karas Islands have two main meteorological seasons: kemanurpak,\nlit. ‘west month’, the wet season with winds from the west, and\ntagurpak, lit. ‘east month’, the dry season with winds from the east.\nThese are not encountered in the corpus, and it remains unclear which\nposition in the clause they take. \nTo make the construction ‘... ago’, the period of time is put in\nclause-initial position with a high boundary tone. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nminggu kon in ar=teba\nH L\nweek one <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘One week ago we were fishing.’ \n</div> \nAll ‘... ago’ constructions were elicited. In practice, people prefer to\nuse wis to indicate that the event took place in the past. Like\nkemarin in Malay, wis can be yesterday, but also any other time\nbefore today. To indicate a really long time ago (usually when talking\nabout another generation, or when telling fictional stories), one can\nuse wiseme ‘a long time ago’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:wiseme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wiseme\">[exe:wiseme]</a>) is the beginning of a\nstory about the Second World War. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwiseme Jepang=bon Amerika=bon nau=sair=ten\nlong_time_ago Japan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nAmerica=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=shoot=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n‘A long time ago, Japan and America were at war.’ <span id=\"exe:wiseme\"\nlabel=\"exe:wiseme\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 51, "level": "low_resource", "question": "The day before yesterday it rained.", "split": "train" }
Pakpaet opa me he bot?	Did those people from Fakfak already leave?	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Did those people from Fakfak already leave?\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Did\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: lid\nKalamang translation: sanggan; sangganun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Did\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: orchid\nKalamang translation: kamaser\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"those\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thoughts\nKalamang translation: pikiran\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"those\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: close\nKalamang translation: komasasuk; koyen; sanggie; tara\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"people\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: all people\nKalamang translation: sontumahap\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"people\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: many hungry people\nKalamang translation: muawesese\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"from\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: from outside\nKalamang translation: kolga\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"from\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: run away from\nKalamang translation: kokiem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Fakfak\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Fakfak person\nKalamang translation: Mata\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Fakfak\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Fakfak (town)\nKalamang translation: Pakpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"already\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thread\nKalamang translation: kawas\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"already\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: ready\nKalamang translation: kalar; siap\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"leave\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: leave\nKalamang translation: mamun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"leave\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: ask permission to leave\nKalamang translation: panokpanok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Did\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That kid is white like a Javanese.\nKalamang translation: Tumun imene iren nain Jawasontumgap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Did\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Did your wife go up the mountain?\nKalamang translation: Ka kiar kolakara era?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"those\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Those women just sit chatting\nKalamang translation: Emumur yume melalu garung deba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"those\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are walking down those stairs.\nKalamang translation: Mu but yumenggara marmari bara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"people\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A canoe came from Fakfak with many people.\nKalamang translation: Et kon Pakpaka mahara, sontum imbuang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"people\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: First time they came they didn't know people yet.\nKalamang translation: Giarun mu lukta mu tok sontumat komahal.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"from\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: (She) comes from the Netherlands to learn our language.\nKalamang translation: Beladargara mia mangberat belajar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"from\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That betel leaf that you pounded, which side is it from, from the beach?\nKalamang translation: Pulor opa ka tura me tamabadok, oskadok?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Fakfak\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A canoe came from Fakfak with many people.\nKalamang translation: Et kon Pakpaka mahara, sontum imbuang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Fakfak\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: People went to Fakfak to sell durian.\nKalamang translation: Sontom Pakpaka mahara duran parin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"already\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: This day, it was already late afternoon but the lamps weren't lighted.\nKalamang translation: Yuol wa me go he girgir lampur tok yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"already\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That nutmeg's base is already dry.\nKalamang translation: Sayang me ewuna he sa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"leave\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That bird has feathers like leaves.\nKalamang translation: Kahamin me tengtengun nain lolokap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"leave\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Its leaves are like chili's leaves.\nKalamang translation: Ya olun lenggalenggainggap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:rhcomp\" label=\"sec:rhcomp\"></span> Right-headed compounds\ninclude all part-whole compounds, all compounds with a people’s name and\nmang ‘language’, sontum ‘person’ or -ca/-pas ‘man/woman’, and some\nbody parts. \nThe second constituent of many right-headed compounds is marked by\nthird-person possessive -un.[^49] \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nkewe mul-un\nhouse side-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘the side of the house’ takurera ol-un\nstarfruit leaf-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘starfruit leaf’ \n</div> \n</div> \nPart-whole compounds are compounds where the second constituent is\neither a bound root which typically specifies a plant part\n(§<a href=\"#sec:inal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inal\">[sec:inal]</a>) or a free root (a word)\nspecifying another part-whole relationship. The second constituent is\nthe head and is marked with third-person possessive marker -un. There\nis no recorded meaning for bel in am belun ‘nipple’ (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:ambel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ambel\">[exe:ambel]</a>), but there is a stative verb\nbelbel ‘(of a tip) to be sharp’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npart-whole compounds \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nsayang tang-un\nnutmeg seed-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘nutmeg seed’ am bel-un\nbreast tip?-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘nipple’ <span id=\"exe:ambel\" label=\"exe:ambel\"></span> anggas ror-un\ndoor wood-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘doorpost’ \n</div> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:urkiet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:urkiet\">[exe:urkiet]</a>) is a common way to form\nthe meaning ‘cloud’ in Maritime Melanesian languages . \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nur kiet-un\nwind faeces-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘cloud’ <span id=\"exe:urkiet\" label=\"exe:urkiet\"></span> \n</div> \nAll place names, such as Kalamang (the biggest Karas island), Lenggon\n(smaller Karas Islands), Rarait (Seram) and Walaka (Gorom), can be\ncompounded with mang ‘language’, sontum ‘person’ or -ca/-pas\n‘man/woman’. Note that in these right-headed compounds, one cannot use\nthe independent nouns canam ‘man’ and pas ‘woman’. Another way to\nderive the name of a people from a place name is with the suffix -et,\nsee §<a href=\"#sec:nounorig\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nounorig\">[sec:nounorig]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ncompounds for peoples and languages \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nKalamang-mang\nKalamang-language\n‘Kalamang language’ Kalamang-sontum\nKalamang-person\n‘Kalamang person’ Kalamang-ca\nKalamang-man\n‘Kalamang man’ Kalamang-pas\nKalamang-woman\n‘Kalamang woman’ \n</div> \n</div> \nWhile most body parts are expressed as part-whole compounds, with the\nhelp of -un <span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>, some can be\ncompounded without overt morphology, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nakedcomp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nakedcomp\">[exe:nakedcomp]</a>). It is also\ngrammatical to add -un ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ to the\nsecond constituent. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbody part compounds \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nkaden kies\nbody wrap?\n‘vein’ tan laus\nhand wide\n‘hand palm’ kor kasir\nleg joint\n‘ankle’ kor-pak\nleg-moon\n‘knee’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nakedcomp\" label=\"exe:nakedcomp\"></span> \n</div> \nFor many right-headed compounds, the choice between using or not using\n-un ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ is free. They are both\ncompounds because the first constituent cannot be independently marked\nor inflected. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ncompounds with and without -un <span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nkokok-nar\nchicken-egg\n‘chicken egg’ kokok nar-un\nchicken egg\n‘chicken egg’ \n</div> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:elevdem\" label=\"sec:elevdem\"></span> Kalamang has two\nelevational demonstratives: yawe ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">down</span>’\nand osa ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">up</span>’. They can be used\nadnominally, but are often used adverbially or predicatively, inflected\nwith locative =ko or lative =ka. They index referents and locations. \nElevationals are typically used to describe referents and locations\ninside the village, such as the beach (down) and other places in the\nvillage (up).[^66] (<a href=\"#exe:keweosa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:keweosa\">[exe:keweosa]</a>) shows the adnominal\nobject form osanet <span class=\"smallcaps\">up.obj</span>,\nand(<a href=\"#exe:yawetko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yawetko\">[exe:yawetko]</a>) contains the locative\nform yawetko <span class=\"smallcaps\">down.loc</span>. Though yawe\nand osa (and their longer forms) are typically used adnominally, they\nmay also be used as locative and lative forms, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:desi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:desi\">[exe:desi]</a>), where one would expect the\nlocative form yawetko. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu era kewe osanet nawanona\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> ascend house\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up.obj</span> tidy\n‘They went up to tidy the house up there.’ <span id=\"exe:keweosa\"\nlabel=\"exe:keweosa\"></span> an toni eh ka bo yawetko war=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say hey\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> go\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">down.loc</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘I said: “Hey, you go fishing down there!”’ <span id=\"exe:yawetko\"\nlabel=\"exe:yawetko\"></span> Desi opa me yal∼yal=te yawe\nDesi <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\npaddle∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">down</span>\n‘Desi is paddling down there.’ <span id=\"exe:desi\"\nlabel=\"exe:desi\"></span> \n</div> \nElevationals may be applied on both a smaller and bigger scale than the\nvillage. On a smaller scale, a speaker may use elevationals to refer to\nthe immediate environment such as a house or a tree.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tekya\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tekya\">[exe:tekya]</a>), the speaker is looking for\na knife in her house, and refers to her bedroom as being ‘down’. Yawe\nis not used to single out which bedroom, as the speaker has only one\nbedroom (and has already singled it out anyway by inflecting minggalot\n‘bedroom’ with a possessive marker). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tamatko ka bo minggalot-an yawe kome=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> where\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> go\nbedroom-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">down</span>\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘Where is it? You go look in my bedroom!’ <span id=\"exe:tekya\"\nlabel=\"exe:tekya\"></span> \n</div> \nOn a larger scale, elevationals are used to talk about the wider\nlandscape surrounding Mas, the village where all recordings for the\nKalamang corpus were made. The direction of movement from the Karas\nIslands to Fakfak (the regency capital, NNE of the Karas Islands) is\ndescribed as bara ‘move down’, and from Fakfak to the Karas Islands as\nsara ‘move up’. Consequently, Fakfak is yawetko ‘down there’. This\nis illustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:muyawe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:muyawe\">[exe:muyawe]</a>), which is about\nmoneylenders in Fakfak. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu yawetko in=bon sampaikan=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">down.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=com</span>\nlet.know=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They down there let us know.’ <span id=\"exe:muyawe\"\nlabel=\"exe:muyawe\"></span> \n</div> \nThe direction of movement from the Karas Islands to Malakuli (the\ndistrict capital, east of the Karas Islands) is described as landwards,\nbecause it lies on the mainland of New Guinea. Nevertheless, Malakuli is\nosatko, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kiosa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiosa\">[exe:kiosa]</a>), which refers to a house for\nschoolchildren from Mas which was being built in Malakuli at the time. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nki osatko=a kewe-paruot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up.loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nhouse-make=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Do you up there want to work on the house?’ <span id=\"exe:kiosa\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiosa\"></span> \n</div> \nThe same applies within the Karas Islands archipelago. Mas is on the\nbiggest Karas island. To the west, between Mas and the mainland, lie the\ntwo smaller Karas Islands, with the villages Tarak, Tuburuasa, Kiaba and\nFaor. When marriage negotiations between a man from Kiaba and a woman\nfrom Mas were held, the Mas community used the fact that they had sent\nmany people osatko ‘up there’ as an argument for the man to come and\nlive in Mas. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npi reidak bo osatko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> many go\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up.loc</span>\n‘Many of us went up there.’ \n</div> \n<figure id=\"fig:dir\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas-Fakfak_directionals.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Directional verbs from Mas to Fakfak, Kiaba and Malakuli and\nvice versa</figcaption>\n</figure> \nThe directional verbs and villages described here are illustrated in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:dir\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:dir\">11.3</a>. More on directional verbs can be\nfound in §<a href=\"#sec:dir\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:dir\">[sec:dir]</a>. \nAll these places lie at the same elevation as Mas: they are all villages\nthat are directly situated at the beach, slightly above sea level. If\nanything, Kiaba and Malakuli are lower than (parts of) Mas, because the\nland rises more steeply from the beach in Mas than in Kiaba and\nMalakuli. The choice of directional verbs is thus not guided by actual\nelevation. Other factors such as sea currents or the direction of\n(former) centres of power remain to be investigated. There are no\nexamples in the corpus where the location of Mas (or another place on\nthe biggest Karas island) is described as yawetko or osatko when\ncontrasted with Kiaba, Malakuli or Fakfak. Yawetko and osatko seem\nreserved, on this bigger scale, to refer only to places outside the\nbiggest Karas island.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Did those people from Fakfak already leave?\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Pakpaet opa me he bot?", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Pakpaet opa me he bot?", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Nouns, noun phrases and postpositional phrases", "Header 2": "Noun derivation", "Header 3": "Nominal compounds", "Header 4": "Right-headed compounds" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:rhcomp\" label=\"sec:rhcomp\"></span> Right-headed compounds\ninclude all part-whole compounds, all compounds with a people’s name and\nmang ‘language’, sontum ‘person’ or -ca/-pas ‘man/woman’, and some\nbody parts. \nThe second constituent of many right-headed compounds is marked by\nthird-person possessive -un.[^49] \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nkewe mul-un\nhouse side-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘the side of the house’ takurera ol-un\nstarfruit leaf-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘starfruit leaf’ \n</div> \n</div> \nPart-whole compounds are compounds where the second constituent is\neither a bound root which typically specifies a plant part\n(§<a href=\"#sec:inal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inal\">[sec:inal]</a>) or a free root (a word)\nspecifying another part-whole relationship. The second constituent is\nthe head and is marked with third-person possessive marker -un. There\nis no recorded meaning for bel in am belun ‘nipple’ (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:ambel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ambel\">[exe:ambel]</a>), but there is a stative verb\nbelbel ‘(of a tip) to be sharp’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npart-whole compounds \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nsayang tang-un\nnutmeg seed-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘nutmeg seed’ am bel-un\nbreast tip?-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘nipple’ <span id=\"exe:ambel\" label=\"exe:ambel\"></span> anggas ror-un\ndoor wood-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘doorpost’ \n</div> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:urkiet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:urkiet\">[exe:urkiet]</a>) is a common way to form\nthe meaning ‘cloud’ in Maritime Melanesian languages . \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nur kiet-un\nwind faeces-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘cloud’ <span id=\"exe:urkiet\" label=\"exe:urkiet\"></span> \n</div> \nAll place names, such as Kalamang (the biggest Karas island), Lenggon\n(smaller Karas Islands), Rarait (Seram) and Walaka (Gorom), can be\ncompounded with mang ‘language’, sontum ‘person’ or -ca/-pas\n‘man/woman’. Note that in these right-headed compounds, one cannot use\nthe independent nouns canam ‘man’ and pas ‘woman’. Another way to\nderive the name of a people from a place name is with the suffix -et,\nsee §<a href=\"#sec:nounorig\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nounorig\">[sec:nounorig]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ncompounds for peoples and languages \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nKalamang-mang\nKalamang-language\n‘Kalamang language’ Kalamang-sontum\nKalamang-person\n‘Kalamang person’ Kalamang-ca\nKalamang-man\n‘Kalamang man’ Kalamang-pas\nKalamang-woman\n‘Kalamang woman’ \n</div> \n</div> \nWhile most body parts are expressed as part-whole compounds, with the\nhelp of -un <span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>, some can be\ncompounded without overt morphology, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nakedcomp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nakedcomp\">[exe:nakedcomp]</a>). It is also\ngrammatical to add -un ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ to the\nsecond constituent. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbody part compounds \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nkaden kies\nbody wrap?\n‘vein’ tan laus\nhand wide\n‘hand palm’ kor kasir\nleg joint\n‘ankle’ kor-pak\nleg-moon\n‘knee’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nakedcomp\" label=\"exe:nakedcomp\"></span> \n</div> \nFor many right-headed compounds, the choice between using or not using\n-un ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ is free. They are both\ncompounds because the first constituent cannot be independently marked\nor inflected. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ncompounds with and without -un <span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nkokok-nar\nchicken-egg\n‘chicken egg’ kokok nar-un\nchicken egg\n‘chicken egg’ \n</div> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Demonstratives", "Header 2": "Demonstrative function", "Header 3": "Elevational demonstratives yawe ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">down</span>’ and osa ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">up</span>’", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:elevdem\" label=\"sec:elevdem\"></span> Kalamang has two\nelevational demonstratives: yawe ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">down</span>’\nand osa ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">up</span>’. They can be used\nadnominally, but are often used adverbially or predicatively, inflected\nwith locative =ko or lative =ka. They index referents and locations. \nElevationals are typically used to describe referents and locations\ninside the village, such as the beach (down) and other places in the\nvillage (up).[^66] (<a href=\"#exe:keweosa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:keweosa\">[exe:keweosa]</a>) shows the adnominal\nobject form osanet <span class=\"smallcaps\">up.obj</span>,\nand(<a href=\"#exe:yawetko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yawetko\">[exe:yawetko]</a>) contains the locative\nform yawetko <span class=\"smallcaps\">down.loc</span>. Though yawe\nand osa (and their longer forms) are typically used adnominally, they\nmay also be used as locative and lative forms, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:desi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:desi\">[exe:desi]</a>), where one would expect the\nlocative form yawetko. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu era kewe osanet nawanona\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> ascend house\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up.obj</span> tidy\n‘They went up to tidy the house up there.’ <span id=\"exe:keweosa\"\nlabel=\"exe:keweosa\"></span> an toni eh ka bo yawetko war=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say hey\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> go\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">down.loc</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘I said: “Hey, you go fishing down there!”’ <span id=\"exe:yawetko\"\nlabel=\"exe:yawetko\"></span> Desi opa me yal∼yal=te yawe\nDesi <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\npaddle∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">down</span>\n‘Desi is paddling down there.’ <span id=\"exe:desi\"\nlabel=\"exe:desi\"></span> \n</div> \nElevationals may be applied on both a smaller and bigger scale than the\nvillage. On a smaller scale, a speaker may use elevationals to refer to\nthe immediate environment such as a house or a tree.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tekya\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tekya\">[exe:tekya]</a>), the speaker is looking for\na knife in her house, and refers to her bedroom as being ‘down’. Yawe\nis not used to single out which bedroom, as the speaker has only one\nbedroom (and has already singled it out anyway by inflecting minggalot\n‘bedroom’ with a possessive marker). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tamatko ka bo minggalot-an yawe kome=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> where\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> go\nbedroom-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">down</span>\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘Where is it? You go look in my bedroom!’ <span id=\"exe:tekya\"\nlabel=\"exe:tekya\"></span> \n</div> \nOn a larger scale, elevationals are used to talk about the wider\nlandscape surrounding Mas, the village where all recordings for the\nKalamang corpus were made. The direction of movement from the Karas\nIslands to Fakfak (the regency capital, NNE of the Karas Islands) is\ndescribed as bara ‘move down’, and from Fakfak to the Karas Islands as\nsara ‘move up’. Consequently, Fakfak is yawetko ‘down there’. This\nis illustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:muyawe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:muyawe\">[exe:muyawe]</a>), which is about\nmoneylenders in Fakfak. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu yawetko in=bon sampaikan=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">down.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=com</span>\nlet.know=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They down there let us know.’ <span id=\"exe:muyawe\"\nlabel=\"exe:muyawe\"></span> \n</div> \nThe direction of movement from the Karas Islands to Malakuli (the\ndistrict capital, east of the Karas Islands) is described as landwards,\nbecause it lies on the mainland of New Guinea. Nevertheless, Malakuli is\nosatko, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kiosa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiosa\">[exe:kiosa]</a>), which refers to a house for\nschoolchildren from Mas which was being built in Malakuli at the time. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nki osatko=a kewe-paruot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up.loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nhouse-make=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Do you up there want to work on the house?’ <span id=\"exe:kiosa\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiosa\"></span> \n</div> \nThe same applies within the Karas Islands archipelago. Mas is on the\nbiggest Karas island. To the west, between Mas and the mainland, lie the\ntwo smaller Karas Islands, with the villages Tarak, Tuburuasa, Kiaba and\nFaor. When marriage negotiations between a man from Kiaba and a woman\nfrom Mas were held, the Mas community used the fact that they had sent\nmany people osatko ‘up there’ as an argument for the man to come and\nlive in Mas. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npi reidak bo osatko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> many go\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up.loc</span>\n‘Many of us went up there.’ \n</div> \n<figure id=\"fig:dir\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas-Fakfak_directionals.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Directional verbs from Mas to Fakfak, Kiaba and Malakuli and\nvice versa</figcaption>\n</figure> \nThe directional verbs and villages described here are illustrated in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:dir\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:dir\">11.3</a>. More on directional verbs can be\nfound in §<a href=\"#sec:dir\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:dir\">[sec:dir]</a>. \nAll these places lie at the same elevation as Mas: they are all villages\nthat are directly situated at the beach, slightly above sea level. If\nanything, Kiaba and Malakuli are lower than (parts of) Mas, because the\nland rises more steeply from the beach in Mas than in Kiaba and\nMalakuli. The choice of directional verbs is thus not guided by actual\nelevation. Other factors such as sea currents or the direction of\n(former) centres of power remain to be investigated. There are no\nexamples in the corpus where the location of Mas (or another place on\nthe biggest Karas island) is described as yawetko or osatko when\ncontrasted with Kiaba, Malakuli or Fakfak. Yawetko and osatko seem\nreserved, on this bigger scale, to refer only to places outside the\nbiggest Karas island." } ], "index": 52, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Did those people from Fakfak already leave?", "split": "train" }
Salima emun weleat nawan weinun.	Salima's mother is serving vegetables again.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Salima's mother is serving vegetables again.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Salima\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: approximately\nKalamang translation: -konggap\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Salima\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Kilimala language\nKalamang translation: Kueimang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: greatgrandmother\nKalamang translation: ninanus; tataninanus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mother\nKalamang translation: ema\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"serving\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: carry living being on back\nKalamang translation: poup\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"serving\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: hold service\nKalamang translation: nasambian\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"vegetables\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: root vegetable\nKalamang translation: kalip; teltel\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"vegetables\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: vegetables\nKalamang translation: wele\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"again\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: drizzle, light rain\nKalamang translation: kalis sasarawe\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"again\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: again\nKalamang translation: kodaet; koi; =taet\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Salima\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's father's family has one fibre boat.\nKalamang translation: Salima esun mu fiberun kon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Salima\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dalima and Salima were fighting and Nazua blocked them.\nKalamang translation: Dalimabon Salimabon naras Nazua namot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother lost weight, she's small.\nKalamang translation: Saiilima emun kadenun tur, kaden cicaun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.\nKalamang translation: Tamandi emun kiwat semda bo dalangdalang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"serving\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They want to go diving but they don't have a diving mask.\nKalamang translation: Mu bo arkin ba ginana saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"serving\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sara is diving for clams\nKalamang translation: Sara bo kanyuotkowar teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"vegetables\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The meat, the cat has eaten it from the tabletop.\nKalamang translation: Dagim sikana sor meja kerunggoat na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"vegetables\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's grandmother planted root vegetables next to the house.\nKalamang translation: Ruslan taraun kaliwat kewe mulko kawaya.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"again\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yes, hit him again.\nKalamang translation: Esie, mat ture weinun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"again\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Is your back fine again? Oh, of course it is.\nKalamang translation: Suolca he bes? O bes mera.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:corpusapp\" label=\"sec:corpusapp\"></span> This section\nprovides an overview of the transcribed recordings and elicited data in\nthe corpus, with their corpus tags, titles, length and number of words. \n<div class=\"longtable\"> \np1cmp7cmEE \n& &mm:ss&words \nstim 1 & Jackal and crow narrated by Binkur mama & 1:15&84\nstim 2 & Jackal and crow narrated by Mohtar pu bapak & 4:35&247\nstim 3 & Jackal and crow retold by Mohtar pu bapak & 2:58&341\nstim4 & Family problems part 1: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n5:41&382\nstim6 & Family problems part 2: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n19:32&788\nstim7 & Family problems part 2: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos &\n10:40&1468\nstim12 & Family problems part 3: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos & 7:29&706\nstim13 & Farm animals: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak & 3:48&283\nstim14 & Farm animals: Binkur pu mama and Mohtar pu bapak & 2:55&113\nstim15 & Discussing fishing gear 1 & 5:45&272\nstim16 & Discussing fishing gear 2 & 6:24&193\nstim20 & Frog, where are you narrated by Mohtar’s father& 6:46&394\nstim21 & Frog, where are you narrated by Om Nos for Yeni & 4:30&502\nstim24 & Japanese mute video narration by Mohtar’s father & 3:37&294\nstim25 & Man and tree picture matching 1& 9:41&293\nstim26 & Man and tree picture matching 2& 9:08&522\nstim27 & Man and tree picture matching 3& 17:28&454\nstim29 & Pear movie narrated by Om Nos and Bilal’s father & 2:30&296\nstim30 & Pear movie narrated by Djusman & 2:25&241\nstim31 & Pear movie narrated by Binkur’s mother & 3:24&338\nstim33 & Pear movie narrated by Mohtar’s father & 2:00&160\nstim34 & Pear movie narrated by Ruslan’s grandmother & 1:24&105\nstim35 & Route description from Arepner to the harbour & 2:25&118\nstim36 & Route description from the school to Arepner & 1:49&106\nstim37 & Route description from Tat to the school & 1:28&108\nstim38 & Space games & 12:22&547\nstim39 & Tinker toy picture matching 1 & 2:05&170\nstim40 & Tinker toy picture matching 2 & 2:55 &84\nstim42 & Village pictures picture matching 2 & 17:15&1248\nstim43 & Village pictures picture matching 3 & 23:32&862\nstim44 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:40&190\nstim45 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:02&89\nsubtotal && 3:22:28&11998 \nnarr1 & Remembering the dead & 8:24&489\nnarr2 & Marriage negotiations & 14:09&1296\nnarr3 & The rituals for putting the roof on a house & 13:55&1338\nnarr4 & A wedding & 8:05&712\nnarr5 & Wedding rituals & 5:04&449\nnarr6 & How to build a bamboo house & 6:38&319\nnarr7 & How to build a house & 14:48&1357\nnarr8 & When me and my husband went fishing & 7:20&600\nnarr9 & Making fried cookies part 1 & 7:01&98\nnarr10 & Making fried cookies part 2 & 5:02&30\nnarr11 & How to weave mats and baskets & 3:20&238\nnarr12 & Nutmegs& 9:20&716\nnarr13 & Offerings in the nutmeg plantations&5:42&541\nnarr14 & How to make a wooden canoe&6:22&725\nnarr16 & Malik’s funny story about cigarettes&5:53&467\nnarr17 & Malik’s funny story about the naked tourist&2:40&273\nnarr18 & Makuteli: birds on a boat&21:04&1180\nnarr19 & Linglong: Monkey and Cuscus sell firewood&16:59&1502\nnarr20 & Cassowary and Dog&4:24&363\nnarr21 & Crab& 5:34&527\nnarr22 & Kuawi&8:53&943\nnarr23 & The woman who turned into a lime&6:53&755\nnarr24 & Kelengkeleng woman&6:23&535\nnarr25 & The money-defecating cow&10:23&1181\nnarr26 & Married to a mermaid& 22:10&1787\nnarr27 & The providing tree&4:38&542\nnarr28 & Suagibaba&13:14&1378\nnarr29 & Finding water at Sui&8:00&820\nnarr30 & The talking coconut&2:08&228\nnarr31 & Traditional medicines that grow on Tat&6:39&505\nnarr32 & When I went to cure someone&2:28&158\nnarr33 & Leaf medicines part 1&6:16&253\nnarr34 & Leaf medicines part 2&5:30&367\nnarr35 & Leaf medicines part 3&6:23&426\nnarr36 & Leaf medicines part 4&2:22&102\nnarr37 & Route description from Mas to Antalisa&5:15&462\nnarr38 & Route description within Mas&2:08&144\nnarr39 & Why the crow is black&4:35&330\nnarr40 & Japanese bombings in WWII&22:45&1529\nnarr41 & What I did yesterday&2:42&230\nnarr42 & The last two canoes Om Nos built&16:00&1704\nnarr43 & When I was young&4:50&288\nnarr44 & Fishing and lobster diving with Keica&28:10&3909\nnarr45 & When Mayor went to Fakfak to get loans&4:37&417\nnarr46 & How to make the frame of a house &5:20&509\nsubtotal && 6:16:02&32422 \nconv1 & Netfishing 1 & 7:30&439\nconv2 & Netfishing 2 & 7:30&346\nconv3 & Netfishing 3 & 7:30&425\nconv4 & Netfishing 4 & 7:30&629\nconv5 & Netfishing 5 & 7:30&477\nconv7 & The Funeral of Tete Loklomin & 15:08&2109\nconv8 & Tenggelele ritual& 5:36&511\nconv9 & Binkur mama and Bakri mama talk current affairs & 32:45&3537\nconv10 & A conversation about fish & 23:02&3345\nconv11 & A conversation about chestnuts&6:41&1074\nconv12 & A kitchen conversation between two grandmothers&22:20&1901\nconv13 & A conversation about rice&13:08&1898\nconv14 & Two grandfathers talk current affairs&9:16&648\nconv15 & A conversation about cooking aubergine and papaya&6:27&588\nconv16 & A conversation about cooking vegetables&15:50&1445\nconv17 & How to weave a wallet part 1&45:00&1014\nconv18 & How to weave a wallet part 2&12:30&69\nconv19 & How to weave a wallet part 3&24:00&292\nconv20 & Mohtar’s father and Lamani’s father discuss root\nmedicines&49:07&4084\nconv21 & Boat trip around Karas Island 1& 07:30&190\nconv22 & Boat trip around Karas Island 10&1:29&41\nconv23 & Boat trip around Karas Island 12&0:39&14\nconv24 & Boat trip around Karas Island 13&0:44&14\nconv25 & Boat trip around Karas Island 14&4:51&47\nconv26 & Boat trip around Karas Island 6&0:41&16\nconv27 & Boat trip around Karas Island 7&7:30 &33\nconv28 & Boat trip around Karas Island 8&7:30&100\nsubtotal && 5:49:14&25286\ntotal && 15:27:44&69706 \n</div> \n<div class=\"tabularx\"> \nllQ\nBinominals & &\n[bin](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C4D-3)\nDemonstratives & &\n[thi](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C52-A)\nIamitives and nondums & &\n[iam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C55-7)\nIdematives & &\n[idem](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNaming & Handschuh p.c. &\n[nam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNegation & Veselinova and Miestamo& [neg,\nneg19](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nRelative clauses & &\n[rel](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nTMA & & [tam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C62-D)\nValency & &\n[val](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C65-5) \nMan and tree & Space games & &\n[stim13](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAC-8),\n[stim14](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAB-6)\n[stim25-27](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim38-40](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim42](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BE7-5) \nFamily problems & &\n[stim4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA8-B),\n[stim6](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA9-9),\n[stim7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAA-C),\n[stim12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BB0-D)\nFocus & via Arthur Holmer &\n[foc](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nFrog story& &\n[stim20](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAF-5),\n[stim21](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B94-F)\nJackal and crow& &\n[stim1-3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nTopological relations & &\n[top](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C63-9) \nCut and break &&\n[cut](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C50-E)\nDitransitives && [notebook 3, page\n345](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B66-5)\nJapanese story& via Arthur Holmer&\n[stim24](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C9C-7)\nMotion verbs & &\n[mot](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C56-3)\nPear movie& &\n[stim29-34](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nPut && [put1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5E-6),\n[put2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5F-7)\nReciprocal constructions &&\n[rec](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C61-7)\nStaged events &&\n[stag](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C64-3) \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:post\" label=\"sec:post\"></span> SVCs with melelu ‘to sit’\nand mambara ‘to stand’ (introduced in\nexamples<a href=\"#exe:mggt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mggt\">[exe:mggt]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:mtggt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mtggt\">[exe:mtggt]</a> above) can tentatively be\ngrouped as posture SVCs. The first verb in the construction is the\nposture verb, and the second is a transitive or intransitive verb\nexpressing some kind of activity. The verbs share the same subject. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkaman-neko mambara komet∼komet\ngrass-inside stand look∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘\\[He\\] stands looking in the grass.’ <span id=\"exe:mambakom\"\nlabel=\"exe:mambakom\"></span> Afin mambara pi=at=a komet=et\nAfin stand <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=obj=foc</span>\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Afin stands looking at us.’ <span id=\"exe:piarakom\"\nlabel=\"exe:piarakom\"></span> in-naninggan melelu ewa\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-all sit talk\n‘We all sat talking.’ <span id=\"exe:inmelel\" label=\"exe:inmelel\"></span>\nMustafa emun melelu wele-narari\nMustafa mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> sit\nvegetables-slice\n‘Mustafa’s mother sits slicing vegetables.’ <span id=\"exe:welen\"\nlabel=\"exe:welen\"></span> kon melelu main=at na\none sit <span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> consume\n‘One sits eating his.’ <span id=\"exe:mainatna\"\nlabel=\"exe:mainatna\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Salima's mother is serving vegetables again.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Salima emun weleat nawan weinun.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Salima emun weleat nawan weinun.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Corpus", "Header 2": null, "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:corpusapp\" label=\"sec:corpusapp\"></span> This section\nprovides an overview of the transcribed recordings and elicited data in\nthe corpus, with their corpus tags, titles, length and number of words. \n<div class=\"longtable\"> \np1cmp7cmEE \n& &mm:ss&words \nstim 1 & Jackal and crow narrated by Binkur mama & 1:15&84\nstim 2 & Jackal and crow narrated by Mohtar pu bapak & 4:35&247\nstim 3 & Jackal and crow retold by Mohtar pu bapak & 2:58&341\nstim4 & Family problems part 1: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n5:41&382\nstim6 & Family problems part 2: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n19:32&788\nstim7 & Family problems part 2: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos &\n10:40&1468\nstim12 & Family problems part 3: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos & 7:29&706\nstim13 & Farm animals: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak & 3:48&283\nstim14 & Farm animals: Binkur pu mama and Mohtar pu bapak & 2:55&113\nstim15 & Discussing fishing gear 1 & 5:45&272\nstim16 & Discussing fishing gear 2 & 6:24&193\nstim20 & Frog, where are you narrated by Mohtar’s father& 6:46&394\nstim21 & Frog, where are you narrated by Om Nos for Yeni & 4:30&502\nstim24 & Japanese mute video narration by Mohtar’s father & 3:37&294\nstim25 & Man and tree picture matching 1& 9:41&293\nstim26 & Man and tree picture matching 2& 9:08&522\nstim27 & Man and tree picture matching 3& 17:28&454\nstim29 & Pear movie narrated by Om Nos and Bilal’s father & 2:30&296\nstim30 & Pear movie narrated by Djusman & 2:25&241\nstim31 & Pear movie narrated by Binkur’s mother & 3:24&338\nstim33 & Pear movie narrated by Mohtar’s father & 2:00&160\nstim34 & Pear movie narrated by Ruslan’s grandmother & 1:24&105\nstim35 & Route description from Arepner to the harbour & 2:25&118\nstim36 & Route description from the school to Arepner & 1:49&106\nstim37 & Route description from Tat to the school & 1:28&108\nstim38 & Space games & 12:22&547\nstim39 & Tinker toy picture matching 1 & 2:05&170\nstim40 & Tinker toy picture matching 2 & 2:55 &84\nstim42 & Village pictures picture matching 2 & 17:15&1248\nstim43 & Village pictures picture matching 3 & 23:32&862\nstim44 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:40&190\nstim45 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:02&89\nsubtotal && 3:22:28&11998 \nnarr1 & Remembering the dead & 8:24&489\nnarr2 & Marriage negotiations & 14:09&1296\nnarr3 & The rituals for putting the roof on a house & 13:55&1338\nnarr4 & A wedding & 8:05&712\nnarr5 & Wedding rituals & 5:04&449\nnarr6 & How to build a bamboo house & 6:38&319\nnarr7 & How to build a house & 14:48&1357\nnarr8 & When me and my husband went fishing & 7:20&600\nnarr9 & Making fried cookies part 1 & 7:01&98\nnarr10 & Making fried cookies part 2 & 5:02&30\nnarr11 & How to weave mats and baskets & 3:20&238\nnarr12 & Nutmegs& 9:20&716\nnarr13 & Offerings in the nutmeg plantations&5:42&541\nnarr14 & How to make a wooden canoe&6:22&725\nnarr16 & Malik’s funny story about cigarettes&5:53&467\nnarr17 & Malik’s funny story about the naked tourist&2:40&273\nnarr18 & Makuteli: birds on a boat&21:04&1180\nnarr19 & Linglong: Monkey and Cuscus sell firewood&16:59&1502\nnarr20 & Cassowary and Dog&4:24&363\nnarr21 & Crab& 5:34&527\nnarr22 & Kuawi&8:53&943\nnarr23 & The woman who turned into a lime&6:53&755\nnarr24 & Kelengkeleng woman&6:23&535\nnarr25 & The money-defecating cow&10:23&1181\nnarr26 & Married to a mermaid& 22:10&1787\nnarr27 & The providing tree&4:38&542\nnarr28 & Suagibaba&13:14&1378\nnarr29 & Finding water at Sui&8:00&820\nnarr30 & The talking coconut&2:08&228\nnarr31 & Traditional medicines that grow on Tat&6:39&505\nnarr32 & When I went to cure someone&2:28&158\nnarr33 & Leaf medicines part 1&6:16&253\nnarr34 & Leaf medicines part 2&5:30&367\nnarr35 & Leaf medicines part 3&6:23&426\nnarr36 & Leaf medicines part 4&2:22&102\nnarr37 & Route description from Mas to Antalisa&5:15&462\nnarr38 & Route description within Mas&2:08&144\nnarr39 & Why the crow is black&4:35&330\nnarr40 & Japanese bombings in WWII&22:45&1529\nnarr41 & What I did yesterday&2:42&230\nnarr42 & The last two canoes Om Nos built&16:00&1704\nnarr43 & When I was young&4:50&288\nnarr44 & Fishing and lobster diving with Keica&28:10&3909\nnarr45 & When Mayor went to Fakfak to get loans&4:37&417\nnarr46 & How to make the frame of a house &5:20&509\nsubtotal && 6:16:02&32422 \nconv1 & Netfishing 1 & 7:30&439\nconv2 & Netfishing 2 & 7:30&346\nconv3 & Netfishing 3 & 7:30&425\nconv4 & Netfishing 4 & 7:30&629\nconv5 & Netfishing 5 & 7:30&477\nconv7 & The Funeral of Tete Loklomin & 15:08&2109\nconv8 & Tenggelele ritual& 5:36&511\nconv9 & Binkur mama and Bakri mama talk current affairs & 32:45&3537\nconv10 & A conversation about fish & 23:02&3345\nconv11 & A conversation about chestnuts&6:41&1074\nconv12 & A kitchen conversation between two grandmothers&22:20&1901\nconv13 & A conversation about rice&13:08&1898\nconv14 & Two grandfathers talk current affairs&9:16&648\nconv15 & A conversation about cooking aubergine and papaya&6:27&588\nconv16 & A conversation about cooking vegetables&15:50&1445\nconv17 & How to weave a wallet part 1&45:00&1014\nconv18 & How to weave a wallet part 2&12:30&69\nconv19 & How to weave a wallet part 3&24:00&292\nconv20 & Mohtar’s father and Lamani’s father discuss root\nmedicines&49:07&4084\nconv21 & Boat trip around Karas Island 1& 07:30&190\nconv22 & Boat trip around Karas Island 10&1:29&41\nconv23 & Boat trip around Karas Island 12&0:39&14\nconv24 & Boat trip around Karas Island 13&0:44&14\nconv25 & Boat trip around Karas Island 14&4:51&47\nconv26 & Boat trip around Karas Island 6&0:41&16\nconv27 & Boat trip around Karas Island 7&7:30 &33\nconv28 & Boat trip around Karas Island 8&7:30&100\nsubtotal && 5:49:14&25286\ntotal && 15:27:44&69706 \n</div> \n<div class=\"tabularx\"> \nllQ\nBinominals & &\n[bin](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C4D-3)\nDemonstratives & &\n[thi](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C52-A)\nIamitives and nondums & &\n[iam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C55-7)\nIdematives & &\n[idem](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNaming & Handschuh p.c. &\n[nam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNegation & Veselinova and Miestamo& [neg,\nneg19](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nRelative clauses & &\n[rel](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nTMA & & [tam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C62-D)\nValency & &\n[val](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C65-5) \nMan and tree & Space games & &\n[stim13](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAC-8),\n[stim14](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAB-6)\n[stim25-27](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim38-40](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim42](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BE7-5) \nFamily problems & &\n[stim4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA8-B),\n[stim6](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA9-9),\n[stim7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAA-C),\n[stim12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BB0-D)\nFocus & via Arthur Holmer &\n[foc](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nFrog story& &\n[stim20](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAF-5),\n[stim21](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B94-F)\nJackal and crow& &\n[stim1-3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nTopological relations & &\n[top](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C63-9) \nCut and break &&\n[cut](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C50-E)\nDitransitives && [notebook 3, page\n345](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B66-5)\nJapanese story& via Arthur Holmer&\n[stim24](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C9C-7)\nMotion verbs & &\n[mot](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C56-3)\nPear movie& &\n[stim29-34](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nPut && [put1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5E-6),\n[put2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5F-7)\nReciprocal constructions &&\n[rec](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C61-7)\nStaged events &&\n[stag](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C64-3) \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Complex predicates", "Header 2": "Serial verb constructions", "Header 3": "Asymmetrical SVCs", "Header 4": "With melelu ‘sit’ and mambara ‘stand’" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:post\" label=\"sec:post\"></span> SVCs with melelu ‘to sit’\nand mambara ‘to stand’ (introduced in\nexamples<a href=\"#exe:mggt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mggt\">[exe:mggt]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:mtggt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mtggt\">[exe:mtggt]</a> above) can tentatively be\ngrouped as posture SVCs. The first verb in the construction is the\nposture verb, and the second is a transitive or intransitive verb\nexpressing some kind of activity. The verbs share the same subject. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkaman-neko mambara komet∼komet\ngrass-inside stand look∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘\\[He\\] stands looking in the grass.’ <span id=\"exe:mambakom\"\nlabel=\"exe:mambakom\"></span> Afin mambara pi=at=a komet=et\nAfin stand <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=obj=foc</span>\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Afin stands looking at us.’ <span id=\"exe:piarakom\"\nlabel=\"exe:piarakom\"></span> in-naninggan melelu ewa\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-all sit talk\n‘We all sat talking.’ <span id=\"exe:inmelel\" label=\"exe:inmelel\"></span>\nMustafa emun melelu wele-narari\nMustafa mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> sit\nvegetables-slice\n‘Mustafa’s mother sits slicing vegetables.’ <span id=\"exe:welen\"\nlabel=\"exe:welen\"></span> kon melelu main=at na\none sit <span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> consume\n‘One sits eating his.’ <span id=\"exe:mainatna\"\nlabel=\"exe:mainatna\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 53, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Salima's mother is serving vegetables again.", "split": "train" }
Binkur esun komanggasirun ning.	Binkur's father neckbone hurts.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Binkur's father neckbone hurts.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Binkur\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: wheat flour\nKalamang translation: tapong\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Binkur\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pour\nKalamang translation: gareor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: grandfather\nKalamang translation: tara esnem; tata; tete; esnem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: father\nKalamang translation: esa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"neckbone\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: backbone, spine\nKalamang translation: suolkang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"neckbone\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: neckbone\nKalamang translation: komanggasir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"hurts\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thoughts\nKalamang translation: pikiran\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"hurts\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: one hundred\nKalamang translation: reitkon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Binkur\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father's machete broke.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun me sadawaun se kawarcie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Binkur\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father sits smoking.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun melalu tabaikosom deba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's father hit and wounded his toenail.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun kor tanggalip dukta patin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Onin's father and family break down their house's roof.\nKalamang translation: Onin esun mu keweun sengunara maorek.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"neckbone\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi and family are gone to cut down a forest breadfruit.\nKalamang translation: Bobi mu bo katawenggawuorma reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"neckbone\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That dog is all skin and bones.\nKalamang translation: Bal yumene kirkangkangunsaet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"hurts\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My shoulder hurts, I'm sending for Ruslan's grandmother to heal it.\nKalamang translation: Bekieman ningda an sirie nene Ruslan paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"hurts\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Your leg hurts.\nKalamang translation: Korcara ning.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:give\" label=\"sec:give\"></span> In all ditranstive clauses,\nthe subject/agent is unmarked and the direct object/theme is marked with\nobject marker =at. Ditransitive clauses with different verbs are\nmarked in different ways. The verbs for showing and sending require that\nboth the theme and recipient are marked with object marker =at. The\nverbs for selling, buying, asking and saying require that the theme is\nmarked with object marker =at and the recipient with animate locative\n=konggo or animate lative =kongga. Give-constructions are also\nmonoclausal constructions with three arguments. The recipient is\noptionally preceded by causative di= and, if the recipient is nominal\nrather than pronominal, followed by benefactive =ki.\nTable<a href=\"#tab:ditrans\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:ditrans\">13.1</a> gives an overview of the different\nconstructions found with ditransitive verbs. \n<div id=\"tab:ditrans\"> \n\| \| \| \| \|\n\|:--------------------------------\|:----\|:-------------------------------------\|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\|\n\| to show; to send \| A \| T=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> \| R=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> \|\n\| to sell; to buy; to ask; to say \| A \| T=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> \| R=<span class=\"smallcaps\">an.loc/an.lat</span> \|\n\| to give \| A \| T=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> \| (<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=)R(=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ben</span>) \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nDitransitive clause constructions \n</div> \nThe first strategy, with object marker =at on both theme and\nrecipient, was elicited with the verbs naunak ‘to show’, kiempanaet\n‘to send’ and kama ‘to send’. The constituent order can be either\nagent-theme-recipient-verb (ATRV) or agent-recipient-theme-verb (ARTV),\nas illustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:naunak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naunak\">[exe:naunak]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ntumun<sub>A</sub> guru=at<sub>T</sub> buk=at<sub>R</sub> naunak\nchild teacher=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nbook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> show\n‘The child shows the teacher the book.’ tumun<sub>A</sub>\nbuk=at<sub>R</sub> guru=at<sub>T</sub> naunak\nchild book=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nteacher=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> show\n‘The child shows the teacher the book.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:naunak\" label=\"exe:naunak\"></span> \n</div> \nIn elicitation it was easy to get all three participants mentioned, but\nin the corpus the theme is almost always elided, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:naunakte\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naunakte\">[exe:naunakte]</a>). The theme, the object\nthat the speaker wants the addressee to show, is clear from the context. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka<sub>A</sub> enem=at<sub>R</sub> naunak=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwoman=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nshow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘You show \\[it\\] to the woman!’ <span id=\"exe:naunakte\"\nlabel=\"exe:naunakte\"></span> \n</div> \nOnly one example in the corpus also has the theme mentioned. The theme,\n150,000 rupiah, expressed as just a numeral, is marked with the number\nobject marker -i (§<a href=\"#sec:quantinfl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:quantinfl\">[sec:quantinfl]</a>). The recipient, an\n‘me’, is marked with the general object marker =at. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma<sub>A</sub> reitkon purap-i<sub>T</sub> an=at<sub>R</sub> kama=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> hundred\nfifty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nsend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘He sent me one hundred and fifty \\[thousand rupiah\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:kamat\" label=\"exe:kamat\"></span> \n</div> \nThe second strategy, with the recipient marked with animate locative\n=konggo or lative =kongga, can be used with (at least) parin ‘to\nsell’, jie ‘to buy’, gerket ‘to ask’ and toni ‘to say’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:angonggoparin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:angonggoparin\">[exe:angonggoparin]</a>) shows an\nobject marker on the theme and a locative marker on the pronoun.\n(<a href=\"#exe:esunkonggara\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:esunkonggara\">[exe:esunkonggara]</a>), on the other\nhand, has the number object -i suffix on the number (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:kamat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kamat\">[exe:kamat]</a> above) and both locative and\nobject marking on the recipient. The constituent order is\nagent-theme-recipient-verb, and in this case theme and recipient cannot\nbe swapped. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma<sub>A</sub> sor=at<sub>T</sub> an=konggo<sub>R</sub> parin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=an.loc</span> sell\n‘He sells me fish.’ <span id=\"exe:angonggoparin\"\nlabel=\"exe:angonggoparin\"></span> tumun me me<sub>A</sub> don\nkon-i=a<sub>T</sub> esun-kongga=at=a<sub>R</sub> gerket\nchild <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> thing\none-<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nfather.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">an.lat=obj=foc</span>\nask\n‘The child asks its father a thing.’ <span id=\"exe:esunkonggara\"\nlabel=\"exe:esunkonggara\"></span> \n</div> \nAs with the first strategy above, the theme is usually elided in natural\nspeech. Consider the following example, where the theme (et ‘canoe’)\nis understood from the context. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan<sub>A</sub> ki=konggo<sub>R</sub> parin=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl=an.loc</span>\nsell=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘I don’t want to sell \\[my canoe\\] to you guys.’ \n</div> \nThe only corpus example using the second strategy with the theme present\nhas a theme NP with a number modifying the noun, again with the number\nobject -i suffix present. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin<sub>A</sub> me goni kon-i<sub>T</sub> emun_caun\nmu=kongga=at-a<sub>R</sub> jie=ta me\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> sack\none-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span> aunt\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=an.lat=obj=foc</span>\nbuy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘We bought a sack from his aunt’s family.’ \n</div> \nThe verb for ‘give’ is a zero morpheme that requires three\narguments.[^76] The three participants in a give-construction are the\nagent (A), the theme (T) and the recipient (R). There are two elements\nthat are combined in various constellations to make give-constructions.\nThese are causative di= (§<a href=\"#sec:di\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:di\">12.4.4.1</a>) and benefactive =ki\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ben\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ben\">[sec:ben]</a>). Give-constructions differ\ndepending on whether the recipient NP is a noun or a pronoun.\nConstructions with a noun as recipient take the form A\nT=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n(<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=)R=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ben</span>\n∅, where the causative proclitic is optional. The benefactive =ki is\nobligatory here. Constructions with a pronoun as recipient take the form\nA T=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n(<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=)R ∅. Again, the causative\nproclitic is optional. Note that in the case of pronominal recipients,\nhowever, the benefactive enclitic =ki is ungrammatical.\nTable<a href=\"#tab:give\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:give\">[tab:give]</a> gives an overview of the\npossible constructions. These were elicited based on the corpus example\nin(<a href=\"#exe:give1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:give1\">[exe:give1]</a>). All constructions in the\ntable are found in the corpus. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma<sub>A</sub> sandal=bon ladan=bon=at<sub>T</sub>\ndi=teman-un=ki<sub>R</sub> ∅\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nsandal=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nshirt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com=obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=friend-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ben</span>\ngive\n‘He gives the sandals and shirt to his friend.’ <span id=\"exe:give1\"\nlabel=\"exe:give1\"></span> \n</div> \nBecause Kalamang lacks an overt lexeme ‘give’, the meaning of giving is\nessentially expressed by the presence and order of the participants,\n(optionally) accompanied by di= and/or =ki. The theme often remains\nunexpressed. The least elaborate give-construction therefore is two\nsubsequent NPs: A and R, if the recipient NP is a pronoun. Despite this\nvery minimal construction, a clause consisting of a noun followed by a\npronoun (ema ma ‘mother gives him/her’) or of two pronouns (ma ma\n‘he/she gives him/her’) is always interpreted as a give-construction by\nKalamang speakers. \nThe position of the zero morpheme is after the recipient as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:main\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:main\">[exe:main]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:amat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:amat\">[exe:amat]</a>), or after the benefactive if\npresent as in(<a href=\"#exe:ditumunggi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ditumunggi\">[exe:ditumunggi]</a>). This is evident\nfrom the position of, for example, mood or negation marking. On the\nsurface, everything that is attached to the verb is attached to the\nrecipient, and is also sometimes morphophonologically integrated, as\nshown in(<a href=\"#exe:main\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:main\">[exe:main]</a>). Give-constructions may also\nbe part of complex predicates\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:svc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:svc\">[ch:svc]</a>), such as the one\nin(<a href=\"#exe:pada\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pada\">[exe:pada]</a>), where the verbs are linked\nwith predicate linker =i. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMa birara main.\nma bir=at=a ma ∅=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbeer=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He wants to give him beer.’ <span id=\"exe:main\"\nlabel=\"exe:main\"></span> ma am=at ma ∅=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbreast_milk=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘She didn’t give him milk.’ <span id=\"exe:amat\" label=\"exe:amat\"></span>\nsor me selet-kon-i tete=ki ∅=te\nfish <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\npiece-one-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\ngrandfather=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ben</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘Give one piece of fish to grandfather!’ <span id=\"exe:ditumunggi\"\nlabel=\"exe:ditumunggi\"></span> naman=a padanual=at rep=i ka ∅\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\npandanus=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> give\n‘Who got pandanus \\[leaf\\] and gave it to you?’ <span id=\"exe:pada\"\nlabel=\"exe:pada\"></span> \n</div> \nBenefactive =ki was also elicited in non-give constructions such as\nthe one exemplified in(<a href=\"#exe:kiunggi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiunggi\">[exe:kiunggi]</a>). Benefactive =ki does\nnot occur on pronouns, parallel to =ki in give-constructions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma kewe giar=ten=at paruon=i kiun=ki\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> house\nnew=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at=obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=ben</span>\n‘He makes a new house for his wife.’ <span id=\"exe:kiunggi\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiunggi\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:names\" label=\"sec:names\"></span> Besides kinship terms,\npersonal proper names are a common strategy for non-pronominal reference\nand address. Because it is customary to avoid first names, most people\nare known by a variety of names. Names can be divided into three\ncategories: given names, nicknames and teknonyms. \nMost Kalamang speakers have an Arabic name as their given name. Some\nnon-Arabic names of community members are Erna, Sabtu (Malay ‘Saturday’)\nand Bini (Malay ‘wife’). I am not aware of any names that are regarded\nas Kalamang proper names. \nNicknames can be of many kinds, and can change throughout a person’s\nlifetime. Nicknames may be regular first names, such as Manto, which was\ngiven to a Kalamang speaker by visiting fishermen. Nicknames may also\noriginate in other entities, such as Mester, the name of the boat on\nwhich that person was born. One boy is called Kalamang, after the name\nof his people. Nicknames also commonly refer to someone’s place of\norigin, especially if they are the first or only person from that place:\nKei-ca stands for Kei-man Walaka-ca for Gorom-man. \nAs soon as someone becomes a parent, that person can be referred to and\naddressed with their teknonym (the name of their first child) followed\nby esun ‘father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ or emun\n‘mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. This is exemplified with\nNyong esun ‘Nyong’s father’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nyong\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nyong\">[exe:nyong]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNyong esun=a marua yuwa\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=foc</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘Nyong’s father comes towards sea here.’ <span id=\"exe:nyong\"\nlabel=\"exe:nyong\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen someone becomes a grandparent, the teknonym is usually replaced\nwith the name of the first grandchild, although the name of the first\nchild may also still be used. Someone can thus be known as ‘X’s\ngrandmother’ and ‘Y’s mother’ at the same time. For married people\nwithout children, the name of the spouse may be used: ‘X’s wife’, or\n‘Y’s husband’. If the spouse is not Kalamang, his or her name is\ngenerally avoided, and the person is referred to with a nickname.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Binkur's father neckbone hurts.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Binkur esun komanggasirun ning.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Binkur esun komanggasirun ning.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "The clause", "Header 2": "Verbal clauses", "Header 3": "Valency", "Header 4": "Ditransitive clauses" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:give\" label=\"sec:give\"></span> In all ditranstive clauses,\nthe subject/agent is unmarked and the direct object/theme is marked with\nobject marker =at. Ditransitive clauses with different verbs are\nmarked in different ways. The verbs for showing and sending require that\nboth the theme and recipient are marked with object marker =at. The\nverbs for selling, buying, asking and saying require that the theme is\nmarked with object marker =at and the recipient with animate locative\n=konggo or animate lative =kongga. Give-constructions are also\nmonoclausal constructions with three arguments. The recipient is\noptionally preceded by causative di= and, if the recipient is nominal\nrather than pronominal, followed by benefactive =ki.\nTable<a href=\"#tab:ditrans\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:ditrans\">13.1</a> gives an overview of the different\nconstructions found with ditransitive verbs. \n<div id=\"tab:ditrans\"> \n\| \| \| \| \|\n\|:--------------------------------\|:----\|:-------------------------------------\|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\|\n\| to show; to send \| A \| T=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> \| R=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> \|\n\| to sell; to buy; to ask; to say \| A \| T=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> \| R=<span class=\"smallcaps\">an.loc/an.lat</span> \|\n\| to give \| A \| T=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> \| (<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=)R(=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ben</span>) \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nDitransitive clause constructions \n</div> \nThe first strategy, with object marker =at on both theme and\nrecipient, was elicited with the verbs naunak ‘to show’, kiempanaet\n‘to send’ and kama ‘to send’. The constituent order can be either\nagent-theme-recipient-verb (ATRV) or agent-recipient-theme-verb (ARTV),\nas illustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:naunak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naunak\">[exe:naunak]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ntumun<sub>A</sub> guru=at<sub>T</sub> buk=at<sub>R</sub> naunak\nchild teacher=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nbook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> show\n‘The child shows the teacher the book.’ tumun<sub>A</sub>\nbuk=at<sub>R</sub> guru=at<sub>T</sub> naunak\nchild book=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nteacher=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> show\n‘The child shows the teacher the book.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:naunak\" label=\"exe:naunak\"></span> \n</div> \nIn elicitation it was easy to get all three participants mentioned, but\nin the corpus the theme is almost always elided, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:naunakte\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naunakte\">[exe:naunakte]</a>). The theme, the object\nthat the speaker wants the addressee to show, is clear from the context. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka<sub>A</sub> enem=at<sub>R</sub> naunak=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwoman=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nshow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘You show \\[it\\] to the woman!’ <span id=\"exe:naunakte\"\nlabel=\"exe:naunakte\"></span> \n</div> \nOnly one example in the corpus also has the theme mentioned. The theme,\n150,000 rupiah, expressed as just a numeral, is marked with the number\nobject marker -i (§<a href=\"#sec:quantinfl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:quantinfl\">[sec:quantinfl]</a>). The recipient, an\n‘me’, is marked with the general object marker =at. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma<sub>A</sub> reitkon purap-i<sub>T</sub> an=at<sub>R</sub> kama=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> hundred\nfifty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nsend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘He sent me one hundred and fifty \\[thousand rupiah\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:kamat\" label=\"exe:kamat\"></span> \n</div> \nThe second strategy, with the recipient marked with animate locative\n=konggo or lative =kongga, can be used with (at least) parin ‘to\nsell’, jie ‘to buy’, gerket ‘to ask’ and toni ‘to say’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:angonggoparin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:angonggoparin\">[exe:angonggoparin]</a>) shows an\nobject marker on the theme and a locative marker on the pronoun.\n(<a href=\"#exe:esunkonggara\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:esunkonggara\">[exe:esunkonggara]</a>), on the other\nhand, has the number object -i suffix on the number (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:kamat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kamat\">[exe:kamat]</a> above) and both locative and\nobject marking on the recipient. The constituent order is\nagent-theme-recipient-verb, and in this case theme and recipient cannot\nbe swapped. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma<sub>A</sub> sor=at<sub>T</sub> an=konggo<sub>R</sub> parin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=an.loc</span> sell\n‘He sells me fish.’ <span id=\"exe:angonggoparin\"\nlabel=\"exe:angonggoparin\"></span> tumun me me<sub>A</sub> don\nkon-i=a<sub>T</sub> esun-kongga=at=a<sub>R</sub> gerket\nchild <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> thing\none-<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nfather.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">an.lat=obj=foc</span>\nask\n‘The child asks its father a thing.’ <span id=\"exe:esunkonggara\"\nlabel=\"exe:esunkonggara\"></span> \n</div> \nAs with the first strategy above, the theme is usually elided in natural\nspeech. Consider the following example, where the theme (et ‘canoe’)\nis understood from the context. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan<sub>A</sub> ki=konggo<sub>R</sub> parin=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl=an.loc</span>\nsell=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘I don’t want to sell \\[my canoe\\] to you guys.’ \n</div> \nThe only corpus example using the second strategy with the theme present\nhas a theme NP with a number modifying the noun, again with the number\nobject -i suffix present. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin<sub>A</sub> me goni kon-i<sub>T</sub> emun_caun\nmu=kongga=at-a<sub>R</sub> jie=ta me\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> sack\none-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span> aunt\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=an.lat=obj=foc</span>\nbuy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘We bought a sack from his aunt’s family.’ \n</div> \nThe verb for ‘give’ is a zero morpheme that requires three\narguments.[^76] The three participants in a give-construction are the\nagent (A), the theme (T) and the recipient (R). There are two elements\nthat are combined in various constellations to make give-constructions.\nThese are causative di= (§<a href=\"#sec:di\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:di\">12.4.4.1</a>) and benefactive =ki\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ben\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ben\">[sec:ben]</a>). Give-constructions differ\ndepending on whether the recipient NP is a noun or a pronoun.\nConstructions with a noun as recipient take the form A\nT=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n(<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=)R=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ben</span>\n∅, where the causative proclitic is optional. The benefactive =ki is\nobligatory here. Constructions with a pronoun as recipient take the form\nA T=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n(<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=)R ∅. Again, the causative\nproclitic is optional. Note that in the case of pronominal recipients,\nhowever, the benefactive enclitic =ki is ungrammatical.\nTable<a href=\"#tab:give\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:give\">[tab:give]</a> gives an overview of the\npossible constructions. These were elicited based on the corpus example\nin(<a href=\"#exe:give1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:give1\">[exe:give1]</a>). All constructions in the\ntable are found in the corpus. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma<sub>A</sub> sandal=bon ladan=bon=at<sub>T</sub>\ndi=teman-un=ki<sub>R</sub> ∅\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nsandal=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nshirt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com=obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=friend-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ben</span>\ngive\n‘He gives the sandals and shirt to his friend.’ <span id=\"exe:give1\"\nlabel=\"exe:give1\"></span> \n</div> \nBecause Kalamang lacks an overt lexeme ‘give’, the meaning of giving is\nessentially expressed by the presence and order of the participants,\n(optionally) accompanied by di= and/or =ki. The theme often remains\nunexpressed. The least elaborate give-construction therefore is two\nsubsequent NPs: A and R, if the recipient NP is a pronoun. Despite this\nvery minimal construction, a clause consisting of a noun followed by a\npronoun (ema ma ‘mother gives him/her’) or of two pronouns (ma ma\n‘he/she gives him/her’) is always interpreted as a give-construction by\nKalamang speakers. \nThe position of the zero morpheme is after the recipient as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:main\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:main\">[exe:main]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:amat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:amat\">[exe:amat]</a>), or after the benefactive if\npresent as in(<a href=\"#exe:ditumunggi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ditumunggi\">[exe:ditumunggi]</a>). This is evident\nfrom the position of, for example, mood or negation marking. On the\nsurface, everything that is attached to the verb is attached to the\nrecipient, and is also sometimes morphophonologically integrated, as\nshown in(<a href=\"#exe:main\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:main\">[exe:main]</a>). Give-constructions may also\nbe part of complex predicates\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:svc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:svc\">[ch:svc]</a>), such as the one\nin(<a href=\"#exe:pada\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pada\">[exe:pada]</a>), where the verbs are linked\nwith predicate linker =i. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMa birara main.\nma bir=at=a ma ∅=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbeer=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He wants to give him beer.’ <span id=\"exe:main\"\nlabel=\"exe:main\"></span> ma am=at ma ∅=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbreast_milk=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘She didn’t give him milk.’ <span id=\"exe:amat\" label=\"exe:amat\"></span>\nsor me selet-kon-i tete=ki ∅=te\nfish <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\npiece-one-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\ngrandfather=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ben</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘Give one piece of fish to grandfather!’ <span id=\"exe:ditumunggi\"\nlabel=\"exe:ditumunggi\"></span> naman=a padanual=at rep=i ka ∅\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\npandanus=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> give\n‘Who got pandanus \\[leaf\\] and gave it to you?’ <span id=\"exe:pada\"\nlabel=\"exe:pada\"></span> \n</div> \nBenefactive =ki was also elicited in non-give constructions such as\nthe one exemplified in(<a href=\"#exe:kiunggi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiunggi\">[exe:kiunggi]</a>). Benefactive =ki does\nnot occur on pronouns, parallel to =ki in give-constructions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma kewe giar=ten=at paruon=i kiun=ki\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> house\nnew=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at=obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=ben</span>\n‘He makes a new house for his wife.’ <span id=\"exe:kiunggi\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiunggi\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Non-pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "Names", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:names\" label=\"sec:names\"></span> Besides kinship terms,\npersonal proper names are a common strategy for non-pronominal reference\nand address. Because it is customary to avoid first names, most people\nare known by a variety of names. Names can be divided into three\ncategories: given names, nicknames and teknonyms. \nMost Kalamang speakers have an Arabic name as their given name. Some\nnon-Arabic names of community members are Erna, Sabtu (Malay ‘Saturday’)\nand Bini (Malay ‘wife’). I am not aware of any names that are regarded\nas Kalamang proper names. \nNicknames can be of many kinds, and can change throughout a person’s\nlifetime. Nicknames may be regular first names, such as Manto, which was\ngiven to a Kalamang speaker by visiting fishermen. Nicknames may also\noriginate in other entities, such as Mester, the name of the boat on\nwhich that person was born. One boy is called Kalamang, after the name\nof his people. Nicknames also commonly refer to someone’s place of\norigin, especially if they are the first or only person from that place:\nKei-ca stands for Kei-man Walaka-ca for Gorom-man. \nAs soon as someone becomes a parent, that person can be referred to and\naddressed with their teknonym (the name of their first child) followed\nby esun ‘father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ or emun\n‘mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. This is exemplified with\nNyong esun ‘Nyong’s father’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nyong\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nyong\">[exe:nyong]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNyong esun=a marua yuwa\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=foc</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘Nyong’s father comes towards sea here.’ <span id=\"exe:nyong\"\nlabel=\"exe:nyong\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen someone becomes a grandparent, the teknonym is usually replaced\nwith the name of the first grandchild, although the name of the first\nchild may also still be used. Someone can thus be known as ‘X’s\ngrandmother’ and ‘Y’s mother’ at the same time. For married people\nwithout children, the name of the spouse may be used: ‘X’s wife’, or\n‘Y’s husband’. If the spouse is not Kalamang, his or her name is\ngenerally avoided, and the person is referred to with a nickname." } ], "index": 54, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Binkur's father neckbone hurts.", "split": "train" }
An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.	I put fish on the drying rack.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: I put fish on the drying rack.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"put\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: put away\nKalamang translation: lawat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"put\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: put up wall\nKalamang translation: paran\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fish\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fish place\nKalamang translation: sair\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fish\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: k.o. fish\nKalamang translation: alar; birbir; bugardadir; golip; gorip; goyas; gual; kamandi; kanaisasen; kanas; kanas kolkol; kas; kelikeli; kir; kolpanggat; kous; koutpol; kul; labis; labor; manggi; manman; momar; mormor; nebir; oioi; ora; ospulpul; paksanual; pous; pungpunggat; rum; rum timbang; sek; seik; sialar; sorbir; suban; tebolsuban; telenggues; torak; tup; u; war; wariam; winyal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"on\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pass on\nKalamang translation: sarakan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"on\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: on coral\nKalamang translation: terarkeit\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"drying\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: frying pan\nKalamang translation: kaling\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"drying\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: drying rack\nKalamang translation: karuar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"rack\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: turn back to\nKalamang translation: kosilep\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"rack\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: drying rack\nKalamang translation: karuar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I have nits.\nKalamang translation: Anan mun sunsun mambon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"put\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"put\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fish\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I fried fish but I still hide it.\nKalamang translation: An sorat pasor ba an tok mormor.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fish\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When the tide is very low Tamandi's mother and friends go fishing for small fish with poisonous root.\nKalamang translation: Warkin emun kararak Tamandi emun mu birbir tup.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"on\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dian's mother went to pour water on Binkur's father.\nKalamang translation: Dian emun Binkur esunat pergi konggareor.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"on\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Abas's mother's family are making a garden on the cape with grass.\nKalamang translation: Abas emun mu kaman karimunggoa amdirat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"drying\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother was drying her sarong and it flew off.\nKalamang translation: Salima emun kadounat masara ma lele.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"drying\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Randa's mother and family are drying clothes.\nKalamang translation: Randa emun mu dodon masa reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"rack\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Muklis' mother have sack of rice with many husks.\nKalamang translation: Muklis emun me pasun goni kon me kupkuwun reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"rack\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Place that rack in the light.\nKalamang translation: Rak yume di goraruo maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:quantall\" label=\"sec:quantall\"></span> As introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcquant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcquant\">6.4.2</a>, Kalamang has six non-numeral\nquantifiers. They are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:quant2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:quant2\">9.2</a>. \n<div id=\"tab:quant2\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:------------\|:--------------\|\n\| bolon \| a little \|\n\| taukon \| some \|\n\| ikon \| some \|\n\| reidak \| much/many \|\n\| reingge \| not much/many \|\n\| tebonggan \| all \|\n\| \| \| \nNon-numeral quantifiers \n</div> \nBolon occurs with non-count referents. It is the only non-numeral\nquantifier that co-occurs with -tak ‘only, just’, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:buoksarun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:buoksarun\">[exe:buoksarun]</a>). Like with kon\n‘one’ + -tak, which becomes kodak, the final nasal of the root is\ndeleted and the plosive is voiced: bolon + -tak = bolodak. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu buoksarun=at paruo ba bolodak to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\noffering=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> make but little_only right\n‘They are making the offering, but just a little, right.’\n<span id=\"exe:buoksarun\" label=\"exe:buoksarun\"></span> \n</div> \nTaukon ‘some’ and ikon ‘some’ appear to have the same meaning,\nalthough the former only occurs seven times in the natural spoken\ncorpus, whereas the latter has 28 occurrences. Both can be used with\nanimate and inanimate referents. They are illustrated modifying an\nanimate noun in(<a href=\"#exe:tumtau\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tumtau\">[exe:tumtau]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:murkon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:murkon\">[exe:murkon]</a>). It is likely that these\nquantifiers were originally morphologically complex (cf. words like\nkon ‘one’, tawir ‘side’[^62] and taikon ‘half; one side’). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \no tumtum taukon me Bobi emun=a kona\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> children some\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Bobi\nmother=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> see\n‘O, some children, Bobi’s mother saw them.’ <span id=\"exe:tumtau\"\nlabel=\"exe:tumtau\"></span> emumur ikon toni a ma se me\nwoman.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span> some say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘Some women said: “Ah, that’s it.”’ <span id=\"exe:murkon\"\nlabel=\"exe:murkon\"></span> \n</div> \nReidak ‘much; many’ and reingge ‘not much; not many’ each consist of\ntwo morphemes. The first, rei, may be related to the numeral building\nblock reit- ‘hundred’. The second morpheme in reingge is a\nprenasalised ge ‘no’ (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:prenas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:prenas\">[sec:prenas]</a> on remnants of\nprenasalisation and §<a href=\"#sec:negnonv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negnonv\">[sec:negnonv]</a> on negation). The second\nmorpheme in reidak is reminiscent of -tak ‘just, only’. The fact\nthat -tak (or -dak) is found on numerals and on bolon ‘a little’\nsuggests that -dak in reidak is the same morpheme, unique to the\nquantifier word class. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum reidak toni mu\nperson many say <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n‘Many people say they \\[...\\].’ <span id=\"exe:sontumreidak\"\nlabel=\"exe:sontumreidak\"></span> sontum reingge opa me sinara=at\nparuon\nperson not_many <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\noffering=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> do\n‘Those few people did the offering.’ <span id=\"exe:sontumreingge\"\nlabel=\"exe:sontumreingge\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough Kalamang has a quantifier tebonggan ‘all’, the construction\nVerb-i koyet can be used to express the same meaning. This\nconstruction is also a completive\n(§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>), and refers in its\nquantifier use to a totality of referents being affected. In contrast to\nthe use of the construction with completive events, it can be negated\nwhen it is used to express ‘all’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa me elak∼lak=ko=i koyet paden-un saerak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbottom∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red=loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish pole-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n‘The \\[one\\] has everything at the bottom, there are no poles.’ mu tok\nnan=i koyet=nin mu tok karuar keit=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> yet\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> still drying_rack\ntop=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘They had not yet eaten everything, they still \\[had food\\] on the\ndrying rack.’ <span id=\"exe:koyetnin\" label=\"exe:koyetnin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis construction may be used in combination with suffixes and words\nthat express ‘all’, such as the nominal suffix -mahap, the pronominal\nsuffix -naninggan and the quantifier tebonggan (illustrated\nin<a href=\"#exe:mmah\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mmah\">[exe:mmah]</a>–<a href=\"#exe:nggan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nggan\">[exe:nggan]</a>). Although this makes it\npossible to combine the meaning ‘all’ with the completive aspect, there\nare no clear examples where this is the case. It is difficult to tease\nthe two meanings apart: when a totality of referents is affected, a\ncompletive reading is often possible. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum-mahap taluk=te kome=i koyet\nperson-all come_out=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n‘Everyone came out to look.’ <span id=\"exe:mmah\"\nlabel=\"exe:mmah\"></span> in-naninggan kiem-i kelek=ko koyet\nmu leng-un=ko kiem\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-all\nflee=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nmountain=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nvillage-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=loc</span> flee\n‘We all fled to the mountains, they from the village (also) fled.’\ntebonggan muin=bon=i koyet ... tamandi=et muap\nall\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish how=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> eat\n‘Everyone had theirs \\[... otherwise\\] how \\[could they\\] eat.’\n<span id=\"exe:nggan\" label=\"exe:nggan\"></span> \n</div> \nKalamang also has two negative polarity items -barak ‘any’ and don\nkon∼kon ‘any’ which are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:negpol\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negpol\">13.5.5</a>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Wordlist", "Header 2": "Wordlist Kalamang-English", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Quantifiers", "Header 2": "Non-numeral quantifiers", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:quantall\" label=\"sec:quantall\"></span> As introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcquant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcquant\">6.4.2</a>, Kalamang has six non-numeral\nquantifiers. They are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:quant2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:quant2\">9.2</a>. \n<div id=\"tab:quant2\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:------------\|:--------------\|\n\| bolon \| a little \|\n\| taukon \| some \|\n\| ikon \| some \|\n\| reidak \| much/many \|\n\| reingge \| not much/many \|\n\| tebonggan \| all \|\n\| \| \| \nNon-numeral quantifiers \n</div> \nBolon occurs with non-count referents. It is the only non-numeral\nquantifier that co-occurs with -tak ‘only, just’, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:buoksarun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:buoksarun\">[exe:buoksarun]</a>). Like with kon\n‘one’ + -tak, which becomes kodak, the final nasal of the root is\ndeleted and the plosive is voiced: bolon + -tak = bolodak. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu buoksarun=at paruo ba bolodak to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\noffering=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> make but little_only right\n‘They are making the offering, but just a little, right.’\n<span id=\"exe:buoksarun\" label=\"exe:buoksarun\"></span> \n</div> \nTaukon ‘some’ and ikon ‘some’ appear to have the same meaning,\nalthough the former only occurs seven times in the natural spoken\ncorpus, whereas the latter has 28 occurrences. Both can be used with\nanimate and inanimate referents. They are illustrated modifying an\nanimate noun in(<a href=\"#exe:tumtau\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tumtau\">[exe:tumtau]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:murkon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:murkon\">[exe:murkon]</a>). It is likely that these\nquantifiers were originally morphologically complex (cf. words like\nkon ‘one’, tawir ‘side’[^62] and taikon ‘half; one side’). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \no tumtum taukon me Bobi emun=a kona\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> children some\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Bobi\nmother=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> see\n‘O, some children, Bobi’s mother saw them.’ <span id=\"exe:tumtau\"\nlabel=\"exe:tumtau\"></span> emumur ikon toni a ma se me\nwoman.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span> some say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘Some women said: “Ah, that’s it.”’ <span id=\"exe:murkon\"\nlabel=\"exe:murkon\"></span> \n</div> \nReidak ‘much; many’ and reingge ‘not much; not many’ each consist of\ntwo morphemes. The first, rei, may be related to the numeral building\nblock reit- ‘hundred’. The second morpheme in reingge is a\nprenasalised ge ‘no’ (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:prenas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:prenas\">[sec:prenas]</a> on remnants of\nprenasalisation and §<a href=\"#sec:negnonv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negnonv\">[sec:negnonv]</a> on negation). The second\nmorpheme in reidak is reminiscent of -tak ‘just, only’. The fact\nthat -tak (or -dak) is found on numerals and on bolon ‘a little’\nsuggests that -dak in reidak is the same morpheme, unique to the\nquantifier word class. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum reidak toni mu\nperson many say <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n‘Many people say they \\[...\\].’ <span id=\"exe:sontumreidak\"\nlabel=\"exe:sontumreidak\"></span> sontum reingge opa me sinara=at\nparuon\nperson not_many <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\noffering=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> do\n‘Those few people did the offering.’ <span id=\"exe:sontumreingge\"\nlabel=\"exe:sontumreingge\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough Kalamang has a quantifier tebonggan ‘all’, the construction\nVerb-i koyet can be used to express the same meaning. This\nconstruction is also a completive\n(§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>), and refers in its\nquantifier use to a totality of referents being affected. In contrast to\nthe use of the construction with completive events, it can be negated\nwhen it is used to express ‘all’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa me elak∼lak=ko=i koyet paden-un saerak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbottom∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red=loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish pole-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n‘The \\[one\\] has everything at the bottom, there are no poles.’ mu tok\nnan=i koyet=nin mu tok karuar keit=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> yet\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> still drying_rack\ntop=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘They had not yet eaten everything, they still \\[had food\\] on the\ndrying rack.’ <span id=\"exe:koyetnin\" label=\"exe:koyetnin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis construction may be used in combination with suffixes and words\nthat express ‘all’, such as the nominal suffix -mahap, the pronominal\nsuffix -naninggan and the quantifier tebonggan (illustrated\nin<a href=\"#exe:mmah\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mmah\">[exe:mmah]</a>–<a href=\"#exe:nggan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nggan\">[exe:nggan]</a>). Although this makes it\npossible to combine the meaning ‘all’ with the completive aspect, there\nare no clear examples where this is the case. It is difficult to tease\nthe two meanings apart: when a totality of referents is affected, a\ncompletive reading is often possible. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum-mahap taluk=te kome=i koyet\nperson-all come_out=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n‘Everyone came out to look.’ <span id=\"exe:mmah\"\nlabel=\"exe:mmah\"></span> in-naninggan kiem-i kelek=ko koyet\nmu leng-un=ko kiem\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-all\nflee=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nmountain=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nvillage-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=loc</span> flee\n‘We all fled to the mountains, they from the village (also) fled.’\ntebonggan muin=bon=i koyet ... tamandi=et muap\nall\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish how=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> eat\n‘Everyone had theirs \\[... otherwise\\] how \\[could they\\] eat.’\n<span id=\"exe:nggan\" label=\"exe:nggan\"></span> \n</div> \nKalamang also has two negative polarity items -barak ‘any’ and don\nkon∼kon ‘any’ which are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:negpol\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negpol\">13.5.5</a>." } ], "index": 55, "level": "low_resource", "question": "I put fish on the drying rack.", "split": "train" }
Tomi emun wienmukta loptengat ramie reba.	Tomi's mother was throwing fishing line and caught a shark.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Tomi's mother was throwing fishing line and caught a shark.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Tomi\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: promise\nKalamang translation: panok; janji\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Tomi\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: vomit\nKalamang translation: emguk; emguk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: greatgrandmother\nKalamang translation: ninanus; tataninanus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mother\nKalamang translation: ema\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"was\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: wash face\nKalamang translation: kanggisawuo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"was\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: wasp\nKalamang translation: kier\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"throwing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: throw\nKalamang translation: mudi; muk; walawala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"throwing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: growing tip\nKalamang translation: timun sobangun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fishing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fishing line\nKalamang translation: nika; wien\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fishing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fishing hook\nKalamang translation: kaling\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"line\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: draw a line\nKalamang translation: kasep\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"line\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fishing line\nKalamang translation: nika; wien\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"caught\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: daughter\nKalamang translation: tumun pas\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"caught\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: caught with fear\nKalamang translation: semsuk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"shark\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: whale shark\nKalamang translation: war pasierkip\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"shark\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tawny nurse shark\nKalamang translation: ruar kanggir nungnung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Tomi\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomorrow we go to Antalisa to marry Anafia and spouse.\nKalamang translation: Kasur in bo Tamisengga nahalarkin Anafia mu.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Tomi\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomi's mother sits weaving a basket.\nKalamang translation: Tomi emun melalu kiemara kowam.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother lost weight, she's small.\nKalamang translation: Saiilima emun kadenun tur, kaden cicaun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.\nKalamang translation: Tamandi emun kiwat semda bo dalangdalang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"was\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That day there was a lot of fish.\nKalamang translation: Yuol me sorat fakurat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"was\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother went fishing, her fishing line was entangled.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun bo warta nikaun kolkol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"throwing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nona and Alun are throwing fishing line and (caught) many labis fish.\nKalamang translation: Nonabon Alunbon hukat paruakta labis reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"throwing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The kids are throwing stones at the mangos.\nKalamang translation: Tumtum yargi wiat mudi.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fishing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When the tide is very low Tamandi's mother and friends go fishing for small fish with poisonous root.\nKalamang translation: Warkin emun kararak Tamandi emun mu birbir tup.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fishing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother went fishing, her fishing line was entangled.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun bo warta nikaun kolkol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"line\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nona and Alun are throwing fishing line and (caught) many labis fish.\nKalamang translation: Nonabon Alunbon hukat paruakta labis reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"line\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother went fishing, her fishing line was entangled.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun bo warta nikaun kolkol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"caught\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Manado caught many groupers.\nKalamang translation: Manado lawanramie reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"caught\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The trevally bit, Dela's father and associates caught it.\nKalamang translation: Irausi na, Dela esun mua ramie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I saw Hidayat's father and family skin a deer.\nKalamang translation: An kona Hidayat esun mu rusat kawaruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That crow is making a nest in the coconut.\nKalamang translation: Goras yume eunara wat kerunggo paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"shark\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor's machete is sharp.\nKalamang translation: Mayor sadawaun me kang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"shark\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I hit a sharp thing, then I screamed: ouch!\nKalamang translation: An don kang komain, eba an arekmang: adihǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe clitic =kin, homophonous with second-person plural possessive\npronoun kin, expresses prospective or purposive association, spatial\nassociation, general (associative) ownership and representation of type.\nIt attaches to the right edge of the NP. The clitic does not display\nregular morphophonological behaviour\n(§<a href=\"#sec:elis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:elis\">[sec:elis]</a>). There is lenition of the /k/\nin, for example, the form neba=kin, but not in mu=kin. There is also\nno velarisation after /n/. This is perhaps a sign of recent\ngrammaticalisation. Note that in possessive relations with =kin, it is\nthe possessor that is marked. \nProspective or purposive association indicates that the word it is\nmarked on is the prospective or purposive use of the referent of another\nnoun. For instance, the compound nika warkin, from nika ‘line’ and\nwar ‘to fish’, indicates that the line is meant for fishing and not\nfor another activity such as tying. Muap terkin is used to indicate\nall food that is associated with drinking tea, such as cakes and\ncookies. Here, =kin may mark accompaniment or purpose. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnika war=kin\nline fish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘fishing line’ kai tolas=kin\nfirewood break_fast=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘firewood to be used when breaking the fast’ tumtum=kin\nchildren=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘children’s’ (used in the context of medicine) muap ter=kin\nfood tea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘food to consume together with tea’ <span id=\"exe:muapter\"\nlabel=\"exe:muapter\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin is also found on locations to indicate spatial association. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npasar Pakpak=kin\nmarket Fakfak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Fakfak’s market’ kewe Arepner=kin\nhouse Arepner=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Arepner’s houses’ \n</div> \nOther examples of spatial association are the names of certain species,\nespecially fish species, as shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wienart\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wienart\">[exe:wienart]</a>). The wienar\n‘parrotfish’ is contrasted with other wienar species, such as wienar\nsaruam ‘longnose parrotfish’. It can also be used in a more general\nsense to group for example all fish found close to the shore, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sorkis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sorkis\">[exe:sorkis]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwienar tebol=kin\nparrotfish reef_edge=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘roundhead parrotfish’ <span id=\"exe:wienart\"\nlabel=\"exe:wienart\"></span> sor kibis=kin\nfish shore=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘shore fish’ <span id=\"exe:sorkis\" label=\"exe:sorkis\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin can also express general (associative) ownership without\nspecifying the possessor. This can be used, for example, with the\nquestion word naman ‘who’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:namankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namankin\">[exe:namankin]</a>). The answer to this\nquestion also contains =kin, marking the possession of a group of\npeople. Thus, naman=kin functions as a placeholder for Dian taraun\nmu=kin. The answer also contains the third-person plural pronoun mu\nused as an associative plural. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=kin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Whose?’ Dian tara-un mu=kin\nDian grandfather-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Dian’s grandfather’s and associates’.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:namankin\" label=\"exe:namankin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis same marking of the possession of a group, often used with\nteknonyms (see §<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a>), is also illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass\">[exe:ass]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ass\" label=\"exe:ass\"></span> Pertama nebainggo,\nSainudinkin. Sainudinkin lewat, a terus menggara Kiba mukin.\npertama neba=kin=ko sainudin=kin sainudin=kin lewat a terus\nmengga=ta kiba mu=kin\nfirst <span class=\"smallcaps\">ph-poss=loc</span>\nSainudin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\nSainudin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> pass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> further\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nKiba <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=poss</span>\n‘First whose place, Sainudin’s. Pass Sainudin’s, ah then from there\n\\[you get to\\] Kiba’s.’ \n</div> \nInterestingly, because =kin is attached to the last element of the NP,\nit can also be attached to a possessive pronoun.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:esakainkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:esakainkin\">[exe:esakainkin]</a>), the use of =kin\n(instead of third-person possessive -un) signals that the possessed\nitem, some fishing equipment, belongs to the father’s household and not\nto him personally. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:esakainkin\" label=\"exe:esakainkin\"></span> mera ge esa\nkain=kin mera ki napaki=ta\nthen not father <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss=poss</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nuse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘If not, you can use your father’s.’ \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:konkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konkin\">[exe:konkin]</a>), =kin attaches to a\nnumeral, which refers to the price of a certain size of fishing line\n(the word nika ‘line’ is elided). =kin indicates that the numeral is\nrepresentative of a type. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nripi putkon=kin me minggi winyal\nthousand ten=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.ins</span> sail_fish\n‘With \\[fishing line of the kind that costs\\] ten thousand \\[you go\\]\nfishing while sailing around.’ <span id=\"exe:konkin\"\nlabel=\"exe:konkin\"></span> \n</div> \nLastly, =kin is used by one speaker in two recordings about canoe\nbuilding to refer to parts of the canoe.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), the left and\nright side of the canoe are described, and either side is marked with\n=kin. In(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the canoes are the parts, and\nthe whole is a tree from which three canoes are cut. An alternative\nanalysis is that these uses of =kin do not indicate a part-whole\nrelationship, but that there is an understood nominal referent with\nwhich =kin expresses an associative relationship.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), this could be\nthe drill holes (the left side’s drill holes), and\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the wood or the motor boat’s\nbase. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntantayon=kin di=saran=i koyet koi tanbes=kin=at koi bor=taet\nleft=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish then\nright=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nthen drill=again\n‘After putting up the left side, we drill the right side again.’\n<span id=\"exe:tantayonkin\" label=\"exe:tantayonkin\"></span> koi et\nmir-eir=kin=at kon-i potma raor=kin=at potma\nlimabelas=kin=at potma koi et pokpok=kin kon\nthen canoe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_canoe</span>-two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span>\none-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span> cut\nmiddle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span> cut\n15_hp_motor_boat.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=poss=obj</span> cut then\ncanoe small_motor_boat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> one\n‘Then \\[I\\] cut one canoe from two, cut it in the middle, cut a motor\nboat, then a small motorboat is one.’ <span id=\"exe:ass3\"\nlabel=\"exe:ass3\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:degradv\" label=\"sec:degradv\"></span> Kalamang has two\nenclitics that I classify as adverbials of degree. These are the clitics\n=sawe(t) ‘too’ and =tun, an intensifier which can also mean ‘too’.\nBoth attach to and scope over the predicate. \nThe clitic =sawe(t) usually attaches to predicates in the form of\nstative verbs, as in(<a href=\"#exe:sawe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sawe\">[exe:sawe]</a>), but can be on any predicate\nsuch as the incorporation construction halanganrep ‘to look for\ntrouble’ in(<a href=\"#exe:sawe2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sawe2\">[exe:sawe2]</a>) or the transitive verb\nkona ‘to see’ in(<a href=\"#exe:irulp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:irulp\">[exe:irulp]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma ririn=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> tall=too\n‘It’s too tall.’ <span id=\"exe:sawe\" label=\"exe:sawe\"></span> mu me\nhalangan-rep=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntrouble-get=too\n‘They’re looking for too much trouble.’ <span id=\"exe:sawe2\"\nlabel=\"exe:sawe2\"></span> Irul pi mat konan=sawe\nIrul <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> see=too\n‘Irul, we keep on seeing him.’ <span id=\"exe:irulp\"\nlabel=\"exe:irulp\"></span> \n</div> \nThe uses of =tun are illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tuntoo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tuntoo\">[exe:tuntoo]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tunvery\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tunvery\">[exe:tunvery]</a>). As an intensifier, it\nattaches only to reduplicated roots. These can be verbs, adverbials,\nnouns (as in example<a href=\"#exe:tunvery\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tunvery\">[exe:tunvery]</a>) or quantifiers. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnika kahen=tun ge nika taraman-kodak\nfishing_line long=too no fishing_line fathom-just_one\n‘Not a too long fishing line, just one fathom.’ <span id=\"exe:tuntoo\"\nlabel=\"exe:tuntoo\"></span> ma siun∼siun=tun timbang-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nedge∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints-ints</span>\nforehead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=loc</span>\n‘It’s at the very edge, at his forehead.’ <span id=\"exe:tunvery\"\nlabel=\"exe:tunvery\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Tomi's mother was throwing fishing line and caught a shark.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Tomi emun wienmukta loptengat ramie reba.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Tomi emun wienmukta loptengat ramie reba.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Possessive and associative constructions", "Header 2": "Associative relations with =kin", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "The clitic =kin, homophonous with second-person plural possessive\npronoun kin, expresses prospective or purposive association, spatial\nassociation, general (associative) ownership and representation of type.\nIt attaches to the right edge of the NP. The clitic does not display\nregular morphophonological behaviour\n(§<a href=\"#sec:elis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:elis\">[sec:elis]</a>). There is lenition of the /k/\nin, for example, the form neba=kin, but not in mu=kin. There is also\nno velarisation after /n/. This is perhaps a sign of recent\ngrammaticalisation. Note that in possessive relations with =kin, it is\nthe possessor that is marked. \nProspective or purposive association indicates that the word it is\nmarked on is the prospective or purposive use of the referent of another\nnoun. For instance, the compound nika warkin, from nika ‘line’ and\nwar ‘to fish’, indicates that the line is meant for fishing and not\nfor another activity such as tying. Muap terkin is used to indicate\nall food that is associated with drinking tea, such as cakes and\ncookies. Here, =kin may mark accompaniment or purpose. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnika war=kin\nline fish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘fishing line’ kai tolas=kin\nfirewood break_fast=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘firewood to be used when breaking the fast’ tumtum=kin\nchildren=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘children’s’ (used in the context of medicine) muap ter=kin\nfood tea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘food to consume together with tea’ <span id=\"exe:muapter\"\nlabel=\"exe:muapter\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin is also found on locations to indicate spatial association. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npasar Pakpak=kin\nmarket Fakfak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Fakfak’s market’ kewe Arepner=kin\nhouse Arepner=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Arepner’s houses’ \n</div> \nOther examples of spatial association are the names of certain species,\nespecially fish species, as shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wienart\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wienart\">[exe:wienart]</a>). The wienar\n‘parrotfish’ is contrasted with other wienar species, such as wienar\nsaruam ‘longnose parrotfish’. It can also be used in a more general\nsense to group for example all fish found close to the shore, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sorkis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sorkis\">[exe:sorkis]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwienar tebol=kin\nparrotfish reef_edge=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘roundhead parrotfish’ <span id=\"exe:wienart\"\nlabel=\"exe:wienart\"></span> sor kibis=kin\nfish shore=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘shore fish’ <span id=\"exe:sorkis\" label=\"exe:sorkis\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin can also express general (associative) ownership without\nspecifying the possessor. This can be used, for example, with the\nquestion word naman ‘who’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:namankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namankin\">[exe:namankin]</a>). The answer to this\nquestion also contains =kin, marking the possession of a group of\npeople. Thus, naman=kin functions as a placeholder for Dian taraun\nmu=kin. The answer also contains the third-person plural pronoun mu\nused as an associative plural. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=kin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Whose?’ Dian tara-un mu=kin\nDian grandfather-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Dian’s grandfather’s and associates’.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:namankin\" label=\"exe:namankin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis same marking of the possession of a group, often used with\nteknonyms (see §<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a>), is also illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass\">[exe:ass]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ass\" label=\"exe:ass\"></span> Pertama nebainggo,\nSainudinkin. Sainudinkin lewat, a terus menggara Kiba mukin.\npertama neba=kin=ko sainudin=kin sainudin=kin lewat a terus\nmengga=ta kiba mu=kin\nfirst <span class=\"smallcaps\">ph-poss=loc</span>\nSainudin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\nSainudin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> pass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> further\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nKiba <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=poss</span>\n‘First whose place, Sainudin’s. Pass Sainudin’s, ah then from there\n\\[you get to\\] Kiba’s.’ \n</div> \nInterestingly, because =kin is attached to the last element of the NP,\nit can also be attached to a possessive pronoun.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:esakainkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:esakainkin\">[exe:esakainkin]</a>), the use of =kin\n(instead of third-person possessive -un) signals that the possessed\nitem, some fishing equipment, belongs to the father’s household and not\nto him personally. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:esakainkin\" label=\"exe:esakainkin\"></span> mera ge esa\nkain=kin mera ki napaki=ta\nthen not father <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss=poss</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nuse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘If not, you can use your father’s.’ \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:konkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konkin\">[exe:konkin]</a>), =kin attaches to a\nnumeral, which refers to the price of a certain size of fishing line\n(the word nika ‘line’ is elided). =kin indicates that the numeral is\nrepresentative of a type. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nripi putkon=kin me minggi winyal\nthousand ten=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.ins</span> sail_fish\n‘With \\[fishing line of the kind that costs\\] ten thousand \\[you go\\]\nfishing while sailing around.’ <span id=\"exe:konkin\"\nlabel=\"exe:konkin\"></span> \n</div> \nLastly, =kin is used by one speaker in two recordings about canoe\nbuilding to refer to parts of the canoe.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), the left and\nright side of the canoe are described, and either side is marked with\n=kin. In(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the canoes are the parts, and\nthe whole is a tree from which three canoes are cut. An alternative\nanalysis is that these uses of =kin do not indicate a part-whole\nrelationship, but that there is an understood nominal referent with\nwhich =kin expresses an associative relationship.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), this could be\nthe drill holes (the left side’s drill holes), and\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the wood or the motor boat’s\nbase. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntantayon=kin di=saran=i koyet koi tanbes=kin=at koi bor=taet\nleft=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish then\nright=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nthen drill=again\n‘After putting up the left side, we drill the right side again.’\n<span id=\"exe:tantayonkin\" label=\"exe:tantayonkin\"></span> koi et\nmir-eir=kin=at kon-i potma raor=kin=at potma\nlimabelas=kin=at potma koi et pokpok=kin kon\nthen canoe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_canoe</span>-two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span>\none-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span> cut\nmiddle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span> cut\n15_hp_motor_boat.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=poss=obj</span> cut then\ncanoe small_motor_boat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> one\n‘Then \\[I\\] cut one canoe from two, cut it in the middle, cut a motor\nboat, then a small motorboat is one.’ <span id=\"exe:ass3\"\nlabel=\"exe:ass3\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Adverbial modifiers", "Header 3": "Adverbials of degree", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:degradv\" label=\"sec:degradv\"></span> Kalamang has two\nenclitics that I classify as adverbials of degree. These are the clitics\n=sawe(t) ‘too’ and =tun, an intensifier which can also mean ‘too’.\nBoth attach to and scope over the predicate. \nThe clitic =sawe(t) usually attaches to predicates in the form of\nstative verbs, as in(<a href=\"#exe:sawe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sawe\">[exe:sawe]</a>), but can be on any predicate\nsuch as the incorporation construction halanganrep ‘to look for\ntrouble’ in(<a href=\"#exe:sawe2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sawe2\">[exe:sawe2]</a>) or the transitive verb\nkona ‘to see’ in(<a href=\"#exe:irulp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:irulp\">[exe:irulp]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma ririn=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> tall=too\n‘It’s too tall.’ <span id=\"exe:sawe\" label=\"exe:sawe\"></span> mu me\nhalangan-rep=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntrouble-get=too\n‘They’re looking for too much trouble.’ <span id=\"exe:sawe2\"\nlabel=\"exe:sawe2\"></span> Irul pi mat konan=sawe\nIrul <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> see=too\n‘Irul, we keep on seeing him.’ <span id=\"exe:irulp\"\nlabel=\"exe:irulp\"></span> \n</div> \nThe uses of =tun are illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tuntoo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tuntoo\">[exe:tuntoo]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tunvery\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tunvery\">[exe:tunvery]</a>). As an intensifier, it\nattaches only to reduplicated roots. These can be verbs, adverbials,\nnouns (as in example<a href=\"#exe:tunvery\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tunvery\">[exe:tunvery]</a>) or quantifiers. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnika kahen=tun ge nika taraman-kodak\nfishing_line long=too no fishing_line fathom-just_one\n‘Not a too long fishing line, just one fathom.’ <span id=\"exe:tuntoo\"\nlabel=\"exe:tuntoo\"></span> ma siun∼siun=tun timbang-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nedge∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints-ints</span>\nforehead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=loc</span>\n‘It’s at the very edge, at his forehead.’ <span id=\"exe:tunvery\"\nlabel=\"exe:tunvery\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 56, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Tomi's mother was throwing fishing line and caught a shark.", "split": "train" }
Tamandi esun mu bo erat kosiauri maruan.	Tamandi's father and family go push the canoe in the sea.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Tamandi's father and family go push the canoe in the sea.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Tamandi\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: speak Kalamang\nKalamang translation: Kalamangmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Tamandi\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: command\nKalamang translation: parenta\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: grandfather\nKalamang translation: tara esnem; tata; tete; esnem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: father\nKalamang translation: esa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"family\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: have a family\nKalamang translation: ruma tangga\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"family\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: family\nKalamang translation: wol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go out\nKalamang translation: keluar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go quickly\nKalamang translation: sasat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"push\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: crush\nKalamang translation: maraok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"push\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: push\nKalamang translation: nadorong; deir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"canoe\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: canoe\nKalamang translation: et\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"canoe\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: canoe plank\nKalamang translation: pawan tabak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"in\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tuck in\nKalamang translation: nasuat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"in\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: parent in law\nKalamang translation: ketan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sea\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sea fern\nKalamang translation: sere kokokteng\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sea\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sea current\nKalamang translation: paisor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Tamandi\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.\nKalamang translation: Tamandi emun kiwat semda bo dalangdalang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Tamandi\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi is playing in the sea.\nKalamang translation: Tamandia pasierko kanggeit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's father hit and wounded his toenail.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun kor tanggalip dukta patin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Onin's father and family break down their house's roof.\nKalamang translation: Onin esun mu keweun sengunara maorek.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"family\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mustafa's father and family want to go to the garden, they are still waiting for Sakina.\nKalamang translation: Mustafa esun mu amdirga botkin mu tok Sakinat nawanggar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"family\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tuti and family go to the mountain to harvest nutmeg.\nKalamang translation: Tuti mu bo keleka ra sayangsara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother and family go searching for worms.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun mu bo ibanruo reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I go landwards at that edge.\nKalamang translation: An asun menggara mara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"push\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: An ibis is watching fish standing on a stone.\nKalamang translation: Kurua kona yarkeitko mambara sorara jaga.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"push\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The fire was burning and she pushed it aside.\nKalamang translation: Din susurta ma dikolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"canoe\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We want to go fishing but our canoe has a hole.\nKalamang translation: In bo warkin ba erun durcien.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"canoe\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"in\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Of rabbitfish, there are many in the soft coral.\nKalamang translation: Malkesi me ram nerunggo reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"in\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Place that rack in the light.\nKalamang translation: Rak yume di goraruo maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sea\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sea\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:ph\" label=\"sec:ph\"></span> Placeholders “serve as a\npreparatory constituent for a delayed constituent” . They replace the\nconstituent that the speaker cannot retrieve, or, in some cases, does\nnot want or bother to retrieve. Fillers are devices used to keep the\nfloor while thinking of what to say next. Fillers can be phonological\ndevices, such as lengthening a sound, or non-lexical conventionalised\nsounds (the hesitation interjections in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a>), or lexical, which is\nthe category described here. Fillers, in contrast to placeholders, do\nnot take the place of another constituent. Kalamang has three\nplaceholders and one lexical filler. \nThe most common Kalamang placeholder is neba\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span>’. It is homonymous with the nominal\nquestion word neba ‘what’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:wcq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcq\">[sec:wcq]</a>), which is likely to be its\nsource, as placeholders commonly develop from question words . Other\nKalamang question words cannot be used as placeholders. Placeholder\nneba occurs at a frequency of around six per 1000 words in the natural\nspoken Kalamang corpus. It can replace only nouns and verbs. Although\nplaceholder neba is nominal in origin, both NP and predicate\nmorphology can attach directly to the root. Most NP and predicate\nmorphology is attested on placeholder neba in the current corpus, and\nall morphology attested on placeholder neba is found on nouns and\nverbs. Neba always carries all morphology that the replaced verb or\nnoun would have carried. Neba does not have another distribution than\nthe verbs and nouns it replaces: it occurs in the same slot. The\nfollowing examples show some of the uses of this placeholder.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:parpas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:parpas\">[exe:parpas]</a>), neba stands in for a\npossessed object, and is inflected with the third-person possessive\nmarker -un and object marker =at.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:torime\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:torime\">[exe:torime]</a>), neba replaces a noun\nand is inflected with comitative postposition =bon.\n(<a href=\"#exe:gosogos\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gosogos\">[exe:gosogos]</a>) shows a reduplicated\nverbal placeholder. (<a href=\"#exe:nauneb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nauneb\">[exe:nauneb]</a>) shows the placeholder\nstanding in for a reciprocal verb, and is inflected with reciprocal\nnau= and non-final =ta.\n(<a href=\"#exe:basiren\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:basiren\">[exe:basiren]</a>, finally, shows neba\nstanding in for an attributively used verb. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan kona neba-un=at paruak=i pasier=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> see\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph-3poss=obj</span>\nthrow_away=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘I saw he threw its whatsit in the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:parpas\"\nlabel=\"exe:parpas\"></span> paruo lalang torim=nan torim eba kacang\nneba=bon=et\nmake hot aubergine=too aubergine then beans\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph=com</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Make \\[the dish\\] hot, aubergine too, aubergine, then beans, and with\nwhatsit.’ <span id=\"exe:torime\" label=\"exe:torime\"></span> nasuena bolon\nbaran pi-mun talalu pen=sawet=in o pen koi neba∼neba\ngosomin∼gosomin\nsugar little descend <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl-proh</span> too\nsweet=too=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> tasty then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph∼atten</span>\ndisappear∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">atten</span>\n‘Put in a little sugar, we shouldn’t make it too sweet, the tastiness\n\\[could\\] whatsit, disappear a little.’ <span id=\"exe:gosogos\"\nlabel=\"exe:gosogos\"></span> hukat eir nau=neba=ta\nnet two\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp=ph</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Two nets are whatsiting each other.’ <span id=\"exe:nauneb\"\nlabel=\"exe:nauneb\"></span> an toni pasa neba=ten se koyet eh\nbarsi=ten se koyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say rice\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph=at</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfinish <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\nclean=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n‘I said whatsit-rice is finished, right, clean \\[rice\\] is finished.’\n<span id=\"exe:basiren\" label=\"exe:basiren\"></span> \n</div> \nThese examples show that sometimes, the speaker retrieves the target and\nutters it after the placeholder (this happens for example after the\nutterance in<a href=\"#exe:torime\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:torime\">[exe:torime]</a>). When the speaker does not\ndo so, this is either because they fail to retrieve the target or\nbecause the target is not deemed important enough to be retrieved. There\nare no recorded uses of placeholder neba that deliberately obscure the\ntarget because it is taboo or inappropriate. Neba may be used as a\ngeneric expression. In(<a href=\"#exe:tink\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tink\">[exe:tink]</a>), the speaker describes a\nwooden toy construction. The speaker has never seen this toy (Tinkertoy)\nbefore, so there is no convention as to what to call the different\nconstruction parts. He describes some of the parts with neba, and\nleaves it to the addressee to identify the correct referent. In this\ncontext, it is not necessary to find a specific noun to describe all\nparts of the toy construction, because the addressee can deduce from\nother information (such as the location and numeral\nin<a href=\"#exe:tink\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tink\">[exe:tink]</a>) which parts the speaker\nintends. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nneba-un kit-kadok eir\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph-3poss</span> top-side two\n‘It has two thingies on the top.’ <span id=\"exe:tink\"\nlabel=\"exe:tink\"></span> \n</div> \nThe question word puraman ‘how many’ is used as a placeholder for\nquantifiers and as a generic quantifier. As a generic quantifier, it\nrefers to a large-ish number, the exact amount of which the speaker does\nnot know or does not feel the need to convey.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:watnakk\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:watnakk\">[exe:watnakk]</a>), puraman is used to\nconvey that there were many coconuts, so many that the speaker doesn’t\nknow the exact amount.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:yuolp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yuolp\">[exe:yuolp]</a>), it is used to indicate that\nseveral days had passed, but that the speaker doesn’t know exactly how\nmany. (<a href=\"#exe:nasuarikm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nasuarikm\">[exe:nasuarikm]</a>) is a genuine\nplaceholder, which is used to fill the slot of the quantifier until the\ntarget (‘three’) is found. When puraman ‘how many’ is used as a\nplaceholder, it carries the same inflection as the quantifier it\nreplaces, and occurs in the same slot. Note, however, that although the\nnumeral in(<a href=\"#exe:nasuarikm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nasuarikm\">[exe:nasuarikm]</a>) is suffixed to the\npronoun mu, puraman is not. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwat nak-puraman-i mindi kajie\ncoconut\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_fruit1</span>-how_many-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nlike_that pick\n‘We picked up I-don’t-know-how-many coconuts like that.’\n<span id=\"exe:watnakk\" label=\"exe:watnakk\"></span> torpes-un=at parin=i\nkoyet bo yuol puraman mungkin minggu kon ye eba inier koi bo=et\ntop_shell-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl.poss=obj</span>\nsell=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish go day how_many maybe\nweek one or then <span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span> again\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After selling our top shells, several days, maybe a week \\[passed\\],\nthen we went again.’ <span id=\"exe:yuolp\" label=\"exe:yuolp\"></span>\nAfukarun nasuarik, mu puraman? Munggaruok. Munggaruok mat rupte kajie.\nafukat-un nasuarik mu puraman mu-karuok mu-karuok mat rup=te kajie\navocado-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> scatter\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> how_many\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-three\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-three\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\nhelp=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> pick\n‘His avocados scatter, they how many? They three. They three help him\npick \\[them up\\].’ <span id=\"exe:nasuarikm\"\nlabel=\"exe:nasuarikm\"></span> \n</div> \nDon ‘thing’ is a generic noun that is used as a nominal placeholder\nthat deliberately obscures the target. This is done for one of three\nreasons: to make a polite version of a word, to express disdain or to\nmake generic reference. Don ‘thing’ is thus not, in contrast to\nplaceholder neba, used when the speaker has trouble retrieving the\ntarget. Examples of polite versions of words are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lamp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lamp\">[exe:lamp]</a>). These are used when the\nregular version is inappropriate: for example, when begging someone else\nfor these goods (which may be scarce), or when communicating with\nsomeone in your household about the lack of these items in front of a\nguest.[^100] In(<a href=\"#exe:naradon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naradon\">[exe:naradon]</a>), instead of saying sor\n‘fish’, the narrator uses derogatory don to express his disdain\ntowards the fact that a crow has eaten rotten fish.\n(<a href=\"#exe:donnab\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:donnab\">[exe:donnab]</a>) illustrates the generic\nuse of don; it is incorporated in the verb nabaca ‘to read’. Don\n‘thing’ is the only object noun that always incorporates\n(§<a href=\"#sec:incorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:incorp\">[sec:incorp]</a>). Don ‘thing’ can be used\nin combination with kon ‘one’ as an indefinite pronoun (for examples,\nsee §<a href=\"#sec:quantinfl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:quantinfl\">[sec:quantinfl]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndon pen∼pen\nthing sweet∼sweet\n‘sugar’ don iriskap\nthing white\n‘rice, sugar’ don yuolyuol\nthing shine\n‘lamp’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:lamp\" label=\"exe:lamp\"></span> o ka don yuwa=at=a\nna=tauna sehingga don mun=ten wandi=et ka bisa na=ta\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nthing <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj=foc</span> consume=so so_that\nthing rotten=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\nlike_this=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> can\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Oh, you eat this stuff, so that \\[this means\\] you can eat rotten stuff\nlike this.’ <span id=\"exe:naradon\" label=\"exe:naradon\"></span> mu\ndon-nabaca=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nthing-read=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘They are reading stuff.’ <span id=\"exe:donnab\"\nlabel=\"exe:donnab\"></span> \n</div> \nFinally, the word nain ‘like’ is used as a lexical filler.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kaaur\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kaaur\">[exe:kaaur]</a>), despite the fact that the\nspeaker used the filler, he later chooses the wrong word and has to\ncorrect himself. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nBo metko nain tok ka- ur.\nbo metko nain tok ka- ur\ngo <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span> like still rai- wind\n‘\\[We\\] want to go there, eh, still rai- windy.’ <span id=\"exe:kaaur\"\nlabel=\"exe:kaaur\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:corpusapp\" label=\"sec:corpusapp\"></span> This section\nprovides an overview of the transcribed recordings and elicited data in\nthe corpus, with their corpus tags, titles, length and number of words. \n<div class=\"longtable\"> \np1cmp7cmEE \n& &mm:ss&words \nstim 1 & Jackal and crow narrated by Binkur mama & 1:15&84\nstim 2 & Jackal and crow narrated by Mohtar pu bapak & 4:35&247\nstim 3 & Jackal and crow retold by Mohtar pu bapak & 2:58&341\nstim4 & Family problems part 1: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n5:41&382\nstim6 & Family problems part 2: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n19:32&788\nstim7 & Family problems part 2: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos &\n10:40&1468\nstim12 & Family problems part 3: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos & 7:29&706\nstim13 & Farm animals: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak & 3:48&283\nstim14 & Farm animals: Binkur pu mama and Mohtar pu bapak & 2:55&113\nstim15 & Discussing fishing gear 1 & 5:45&272\nstim16 & Discussing fishing gear 2 & 6:24&193\nstim20 & Frog, where are you narrated by Mohtar’s father& 6:46&394\nstim21 & Frog, where are you narrated by Om Nos for Yeni & 4:30&502\nstim24 & Japanese mute video narration by Mohtar’s father & 3:37&294\nstim25 & Man and tree picture matching 1& 9:41&293\nstim26 & Man and tree picture matching 2& 9:08&522\nstim27 & Man and tree picture matching 3& 17:28&454\nstim29 & Pear movie narrated by Om Nos and Bilal’s father & 2:30&296\nstim30 & Pear movie narrated by Djusman & 2:25&241\nstim31 & Pear movie narrated by Binkur’s mother & 3:24&338\nstim33 & Pear movie narrated by Mohtar’s father & 2:00&160\nstim34 & Pear movie narrated by Ruslan’s grandmother & 1:24&105\nstim35 & Route description from Arepner to the harbour & 2:25&118\nstim36 & Route description from the school to Arepner & 1:49&106\nstim37 & Route description from Tat to the school & 1:28&108\nstim38 & Space games & 12:22&547\nstim39 & Tinker toy picture matching 1 & 2:05&170\nstim40 & Tinker toy picture matching 2 & 2:55 &84\nstim42 & Village pictures picture matching 2 & 17:15&1248\nstim43 & Village pictures picture matching 3 & 23:32&862\nstim44 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:40&190\nstim45 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:02&89\nsubtotal && 3:22:28&11998 \nnarr1 & Remembering the dead & 8:24&489\nnarr2 & Marriage negotiations & 14:09&1296\nnarr3 & The rituals for putting the roof on a house & 13:55&1338\nnarr4 & A wedding & 8:05&712\nnarr5 & Wedding rituals & 5:04&449\nnarr6 & How to build a bamboo house & 6:38&319\nnarr7 & How to build a house & 14:48&1357\nnarr8 & When me and my husband went fishing & 7:20&600\nnarr9 & Making fried cookies part 1 & 7:01&98\nnarr10 & Making fried cookies part 2 & 5:02&30\nnarr11 & How to weave mats and baskets & 3:20&238\nnarr12 & Nutmegs& 9:20&716\nnarr13 & Offerings in the nutmeg plantations&5:42&541\nnarr14 & How to make a wooden canoe&6:22&725\nnarr16 & Malik’s funny story about cigarettes&5:53&467\nnarr17 & Malik’s funny story about the naked tourist&2:40&273\nnarr18 & Makuteli: birds on a boat&21:04&1180\nnarr19 & Linglong: Monkey and Cuscus sell firewood&16:59&1502\nnarr20 & Cassowary and Dog&4:24&363\nnarr21 & Crab& 5:34&527\nnarr22 & Kuawi&8:53&943\nnarr23 & The woman who turned into a lime&6:53&755\nnarr24 & Kelengkeleng woman&6:23&535\nnarr25 & The money-defecating cow&10:23&1181\nnarr26 & Married to a mermaid& 22:10&1787\nnarr27 & The providing tree&4:38&542\nnarr28 & Suagibaba&13:14&1378\nnarr29 & Finding water at Sui&8:00&820\nnarr30 & The talking coconut&2:08&228\nnarr31 & Traditional medicines that grow on Tat&6:39&505\nnarr32 & When I went to cure someone&2:28&158\nnarr33 & Leaf medicines part 1&6:16&253\nnarr34 & Leaf medicines part 2&5:30&367\nnarr35 & Leaf medicines part 3&6:23&426\nnarr36 & Leaf medicines part 4&2:22&102\nnarr37 & Route description from Mas to Antalisa&5:15&462\nnarr38 & Route description within Mas&2:08&144\nnarr39 & Why the crow is black&4:35&330\nnarr40 & Japanese bombings in WWII&22:45&1529\nnarr41 & What I did yesterday&2:42&230\nnarr42 & The last two canoes Om Nos built&16:00&1704\nnarr43 & When I was young&4:50&288\nnarr44 & Fishing and lobster diving with Keica&28:10&3909\nnarr45 & When Mayor went to Fakfak to get loans&4:37&417\nnarr46 & How to make the frame of a house &5:20&509\nsubtotal && 6:16:02&32422 \nconv1 & Netfishing 1 & 7:30&439\nconv2 & Netfishing 2 & 7:30&346\nconv3 & Netfishing 3 & 7:30&425\nconv4 & Netfishing 4 & 7:30&629\nconv5 & Netfishing 5 & 7:30&477\nconv7 & The Funeral of Tete Loklomin & 15:08&2109\nconv8 & Tenggelele ritual& 5:36&511\nconv9 & Binkur mama and Bakri mama talk current affairs & 32:45&3537\nconv10 & A conversation about fish & 23:02&3345\nconv11 & A conversation about chestnuts&6:41&1074\nconv12 & A kitchen conversation between two grandmothers&22:20&1901\nconv13 & A conversation about rice&13:08&1898\nconv14 & Two grandfathers talk current affairs&9:16&648\nconv15 & A conversation about cooking aubergine and papaya&6:27&588\nconv16 & A conversation about cooking vegetables&15:50&1445\nconv17 & How to weave a wallet part 1&45:00&1014\nconv18 & How to weave a wallet part 2&12:30&69\nconv19 & How to weave a wallet part 3&24:00&292\nconv20 & Mohtar’s father and Lamani’s father discuss root\nmedicines&49:07&4084\nconv21 & Boat trip around Karas Island 1& 07:30&190\nconv22 & Boat trip around Karas Island 10&1:29&41\nconv23 & Boat trip around Karas Island 12&0:39&14\nconv24 & Boat trip around Karas Island 13&0:44&14\nconv25 & Boat trip around Karas Island 14&4:51&47\nconv26 & Boat trip around Karas Island 6&0:41&16\nconv27 & Boat trip around Karas Island 7&7:30 &33\nconv28 & Boat trip around Karas Island 8&7:30&100\nsubtotal && 5:49:14&25286\ntotal && 15:27:44&69706 \n</div> \n<div class=\"tabularx\"> \nllQ\nBinominals & &\n[bin](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C4D-3)\nDemonstratives & &\n[thi](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C52-A)\nIamitives and nondums & &\n[iam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C55-7)\nIdematives & &\n[idem](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNaming & Handschuh p.c. &\n[nam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNegation & Veselinova and Miestamo& [neg,\nneg19](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nRelative clauses & &\n[rel](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nTMA & & [tam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C62-D)\nValency & &\n[val](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C65-5) \nMan and tree & Space games & &\n[stim13](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAC-8),\n[stim14](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAB-6)\n[stim25-27](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim38-40](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim42](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BE7-5) \nFamily problems & &\n[stim4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA8-B),\n[stim6](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA9-9),\n[stim7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAA-C),\n[stim12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BB0-D)\nFocus & via Arthur Holmer &\n[foc](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nFrog story& &\n[stim20](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAF-5),\n[stim21](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B94-F)\nJackal and crow& &\n[stim1-3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nTopological relations & &\n[top](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C63-9) \nCut and break &&\n[cut](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C50-E)\nDitransitives && [notebook 3, page\n345](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B66-5)\nJapanese story& via Arthur Holmer&\n[stim24](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C9C-7)\nMotion verbs & &\n[mot](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C56-3)\nPear movie& &\n[stim29-34](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nPut && [put1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5E-6),\n[put2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5F-7)\nReciprocal constructions &&\n[rec](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C61-7)\nStaged events &&\n[stag](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C64-3) \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Tamandi's father and family go push the canoe in the sea.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Tamandi esun mu bo erat kosiauri maruan.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Tamandi esun mu bo erat kosiauri maruan.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "Placeholders and lexical fillers", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:ph\" label=\"sec:ph\"></span> Placeholders “serve as a\npreparatory constituent for a delayed constituent” . They replace the\nconstituent that the speaker cannot retrieve, or, in some cases, does\nnot want or bother to retrieve. Fillers are devices used to keep the\nfloor while thinking of what to say next. Fillers can be phonological\ndevices, such as lengthening a sound, or non-lexical conventionalised\nsounds (the hesitation interjections in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a>), or lexical, which is\nthe category described here. Fillers, in contrast to placeholders, do\nnot take the place of another constituent. Kalamang has three\nplaceholders and one lexical filler. \nThe most common Kalamang placeholder is neba\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span>’. It is homonymous with the nominal\nquestion word neba ‘what’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:wcq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcq\">[sec:wcq]</a>), which is likely to be its\nsource, as placeholders commonly develop from question words . Other\nKalamang question words cannot be used as placeholders. Placeholder\nneba occurs at a frequency of around six per 1000 words in the natural\nspoken Kalamang corpus. It can replace only nouns and verbs. Although\nplaceholder neba is nominal in origin, both NP and predicate\nmorphology can attach directly to the root. Most NP and predicate\nmorphology is attested on placeholder neba in the current corpus, and\nall morphology attested on placeholder neba is found on nouns and\nverbs. Neba always carries all morphology that the replaced verb or\nnoun would have carried. Neba does not have another distribution than\nthe verbs and nouns it replaces: it occurs in the same slot. The\nfollowing examples show some of the uses of this placeholder.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:parpas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:parpas\">[exe:parpas]</a>), neba stands in for a\npossessed object, and is inflected with the third-person possessive\nmarker -un and object marker =at.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:torime\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:torime\">[exe:torime]</a>), neba replaces a noun\nand is inflected with comitative postposition =bon.\n(<a href=\"#exe:gosogos\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gosogos\">[exe:gosogos]</a>) shows a reduplicated\nverbal placeholder. (<a href=\"#exe:nauneb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nauneb\">[exe:nauneb]</a>) shows the placeholder\nstanding in for a reciprocal verb, and is inflected with reciprocal\nnau= and non-final =ta.\n(<a href=\"#exe:basiren\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:basiren\">[exe:basiren]</a>, finally, shows neba\nstanding in for an attributively used verb. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan kona neba-un=at paruak=i pasier=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> see\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph-3poss=obj</span>\nthrow_away=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘I saw he threw its whatsit in the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:parpas\"\nlabel=\"exe:parpas\"></span> paruo lalang torim=nan torim eba kacang\nneba=bon=et\nmake hot aubergine=too aubergine then beans\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph=com</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Make \\[the dish\\] hot, aubergine too, aubergine, then beans, and with\nwhatsit.’ <span id=\"exe:torime\" label=\"exe:torime\"></span> nasuena bolon\nbaran pi-mun talalu pen=sawet=in o pen koi neba∼neba\ngosomin∼gosomin\nsugar little descend <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl-proh</span> too\nsweet=too=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> tasty then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph∼atten</span>\ndisappear∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">atten</span>\n‘Put in a little sugar, we shouldn’t make it too sweet, the tastiness\n\\[could\\] whatsit, disappear a little.’ <span id=\"exe:gosogos\"\nlabel=\"exe:gosogos\"></span> hukat eir nau=neba=ta\nnet two\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp=ph</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Two nets are whatsiting each other.’ <span id=\"exe:nauneb\"\nlabel=\"exe:nauneb\"></span> an toni pasa neba=ten se koyet eh\nbarsi=ten se koyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say rice\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph=at</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfinish <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\nclean=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n‘I said whatsit-rice is finished, right, clean \\[rice\\] is finished.’\n<span id=\"exe:basiren\" label=\"exe:basiren\"></span> \n</div> \nThese examples show that sometimes, the speaker retrieves the target and\nutters it after the placeholder (this happens for example after the\nutterance in<a href=\"#exe:torime\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:torime\">[exe:torime]</a>). When the speaker does not\ndo so, this is either because they fail to retrieve the target or\nbecause the target is not deemed important enough to be retrieved. There\nare no recorded uses of placeholder neba that deliberately obscure the\ntarget because it is taboo or inappropriate. Neba may be used as a\ngeneric expression. In(<a href=\"#exe:tink\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tink\">[exe:tink]</a>), the speaker describes a\nwooden toy construction. The speaker has never seen this toy (Tinkertoy)\nbefore, so there is no convention as to what to call the different\nconstruction parts. He describes some of the parts with neba, and\nleaves it to the addressee to identify the correct referent. In this\ncontext, it is not necessary to find a specific noun to describe all\nparts of the toy construction, because the addressee can deduce from\nother information (such as the location and numeral\nin<a href=\"#exe:tink\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tink\">[exe:tink]</a>) which parts the speaker\nintends. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nneba-un kit-kadok eir\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph-3poss</span> top-side two\n‘It has two thingies on the top.’ <span id=\"exe:tink\"\nlabel=\"exe:tink\"></span> \n</div> \nThe question word puraman ‘how many’ is used as a placeholder for\nquantifiers and as a generic quantifier. As a generic quantifier, it\nrefers to a large-ish number, the exact amount of which the speaker does\nnot know or does not feel the need to convey.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:watnakk\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:watnakk\">[exe:watnakk]</a>), puraman is used to\nconvey that there were many coconuts, so many that the speaker doesn’t\nknow the exact amount.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:yuolp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yuolp\">[exe:yuolp]</a>), it is used to indicate that\nseveral days had passed, but that the speaker doesn’t know exactly how\nmany. (<a href=\"#exe:nasuarikm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nasuarikm\">[exe:nasuarikm]</a>) is a genuine\nplaceholder, which is used to fill the slot of the quantifier until the\ntarget (‘three’) is found. When puraman ‘how many’ is used as a\nplaceholder, it carries the same inflection as the quantifier it\nreplaces, and occurs in the same slot. Note, however, that although the\nnumeral in(<a href=\"#exe:nasuarikm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nasuarikm\">[exe:nasuarikm]</a>) is suffixed to the\npronoun mu, puraman is not. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwat nak-puraman-i mindi kajie\ncoconut\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_fruit1</span>-how_many-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nlike_that pick\n‘We picked up I-don’t-know-how-many coconuts like that.’\n<span id=\"exe:watnakk\" label=\"exe:watnakk\"></span> torpes-un=at parin=i\nkoyet bo yuol puraman mungkin minggu kon ye eba inier koi bo=et\ntop_shell-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl.poss=obj</span>\nsell=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish go day how_many maybe\nweek one or then <span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span> again\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After selling our top shells, several days, maybe a week \\[passed\\],\nthen we went again.’ <span id=\"exe:yuolp\" label=\"exe:yuolp\"></span>\nAfukarun nasuarik, mu puraman? Munggaruok. Munggaruok mat rupte kajie.\nafukat-un nasuarik mu puraman mu-karuok mu-karuok mat rup=te kajie\navocado-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> scatter\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> how_many\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-three\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-three\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\nhelp=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> pick\n‘His avocados scatter, they how many? They three. They three help him\npick \\[them up\\].’ <span id=\"exe:nasuarikm\"\nlabel=\"exe:nasuarikm\"></span> \n</div> \nDon ‘thing’ is a generic noun that is used as a nominal placeholder\nthat deliberately obscures the target. This is done for one of three\nreasons: to make a polite version of a word, to express disdain or to\nmake generic reference. Don ‘thing’ is thus not, in contrast to\nplaceholder neba, used when the speaker has trouble retrieving the\ntarget. Examples of polite versions of words are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lamp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lamp\">[exe:lamp]</a>). These are used when the\nregular version is inappropriate: for example, when begging someone else\nfor these goods (which may be scarce), or when communicating with\nsomeone in your household about the lack of these items in front of a\nguest.[^100] In(<a href=\"#exe:naradon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naradon\">[exe:naradon]</a>), instead of saying sor\n‘fish’, the narrator uses derogatory don to express his disdain\ntowards the fact that a crow has eaten rotten fish.\n(<a href=\"#exe:donnab\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:donnab\">[exe:donnab]</a>) illustrates the generic\nuse of don; it is incorporated in the verb nabaca ‘to read’. Don\n‘thing’ is the only object noun that always incorporates\n(§<a href=\"#sec:incorp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:incorp\">[sec:incorp]</a>). Don ‘thing’ can be used\nin combination with kon ‘one’ as an indefinite pronoun (for examples,\nsee §<a href=\"#sec:quantinfl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:quantinfl\">[sec:quantinfl]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndon pen∼pen\nthing sweet∼sweet\n‘sugar’ don iriskap\nthing white\n‘rice, sugar’ don yuolyuol\nthing shine\n‘lamp’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:lamp\" label=\"exe:lamp\"></span> o ka don yuwa=at=a\nna=tauna sehingga don mun=ten wandi=et ka bisa na=ta\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nthing <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj=foc</span> consume=so so_that\nthing rotten=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\nlike_this=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> can\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Oh, you eat this stuff, so that \\[this means\\] you can eat rotten stuff\nlike this.’ <span id=\"exe:naradon\" label=\"exe:naradon\"></span> mu\ndon-nabaca=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nthing-read=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘They are reading stuff.’ <span id=\"exe:donnab\"\nlabel=\"exe:donnab\"></span> \n</div> \nFinally, the word nain ‘like’ is used as a lexical filler.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kaaur\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kaaur\">[exe:kaaur]</a>), despite the fact that the\nspeaker used the filler, he later chooses the wrong word and has to\ncorrect himself. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nBo metko nain tok ka- ur.\nbo metko nain tok ka- ur\ngo <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span> like still rai- wind\n‘\\[We\\] want to go there, eh, still rai- windy.’ <span id=\"exe:kaaur\"\nlabel=\"exe:kaaur\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Corpus", "Header 2": null, "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:corpusapp\" label=\"sec:corpusapp\"></span> This section\nprovides an overview of the transcribed recordings and elicited data in\nthe corpus, with their corpus tags, titles, length and number of words. \n<div class=\"longtable\"> \np1cmp7cmEE \n& &mm:ss&words \nstim 1 & Jackal and crow narrated by Binkur mama & 1:15&84\nstim 2 & Jackal and crow narrated by Mohtar pu bapak & 4:35&247\nstim 3 & Jackal and crow retold by Mohtar pu bapak & 2:58&341\nstim4 & Family problems part 1: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n5:41&382\nstim6 & Family problems part 2: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n19:32&788\nstim7 & Family problems part 2: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos &\n10:40&1468\nstim12 & Family problems part 3: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos & 7:29&706\nstim13 & Farm animals: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak & 3:48&283\nstim14 & Farm animals: Binkur pu mama and Mohtar pu bapak & 2:55&113\nstim15 & Discussing fishing gear 1 & 5:45&272\nstim16 & Discussing fishing gear 2 & 6:24&193\nstim20 & Frog, where are you narrated by Mohtar’s father& 6:46&394\nstim21 & Frog, where are you narrated by Om Nos for Yeni & 4:30&502\nstim24 & Japanese mute video narration by Mohtar’s father & 3:37&294\nstim25 & Man and tree picture matching 1& 9:41&293\nstim26 & Man and tree picture matching 2& 9:08&522\nstim27 & Man and tree picture matching 3& 17:28&454\nstim29 & Pear movie narrated by Om Nos and Bilal’s father & 2:30&296\nstim30 & Pear movie narrated by Djusman & 2:25&241\nstim31 & Pear movie narrated by Binkur’s mother & 3:24&338\nstim33 & Pear movie narrated by Mohtar’s father & 2:00&160\nstim34 & Pear movie narrated by Ruslan’s grandmother & 1:24&105\nstim35 & Route description from Arepner to the harbour & 2:25&118\nstim36 & Route description from the school to Arepner & 1:49&106\nstim37 & Route description from Tat to the school & 1:28&108\nstim38 & Space games & 12:22&547\nstim39 & Tinker toy picture matching 1 & 2:05&170\nstim40 & Tinker toy picture matching 2 & 2:55 &84\nstim42 & Village pictures picture matching 2 & 17:15&1248\nstim43 & Village pictures picture matching 3 & 23:32&862\nstim44 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:40&190\nstim45 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:02&89\nsubtotal && 3:22:28&11998 \nnarr1 & Remembering the dead & 8:24&489\nnarr2 & Marriage negotiations & 14:09&1296\nnarr3 & The rituals for putting the roof on a house & 13:55&1338\nnarr4 & A wedding & 8:05&712\nnarr5 & Wedding rituals & 5:04&449\nnarr6 & How to build a bamboo house & 6:38&319\nnarr7 & How to build a house & 14:48&1357\nnarr8 & When me and my husband went fishing & 7:20&600\nnarr9 & Making fried cookies part 1 & 7:01&98\nnarr10 & Making fried cookies part 2 & 5:02&30\nnarr11 & How to weave mats and baskets & 3:20&238\nnarr12 & Nutmegs& 9:20&716\nnarr13 & Offerings in the nutmeg plantations&5:42&541\nnarr14 & How to make a wooden canoe&6:22&725\nnarr16 & Malik’s funny story about cigarettes&5:53&467\nnarr17 & Malik’s funny story about the naked tourist&2:40&273\nnarr18 & Makuteli: birds on a boat&21:04&1180\nnarr19 & Linglong: Monkey and Cuscus sell firewood&16:59&1502\nnarr20 & Cassowary and Dog&4:24&363\nnarr21 & Crab& 5:34&527\nnarr22 & Kuawi&8:53&943\nnarr23 & The woman who turned into a lime&6:53&755\nnarr24 & Kelengkeleng woman&6:23&535\nnarr25 & The money-defecating cow&10:23&1181\nnarr26 & Married to a mermaid& 22:10&1787\nnarr27 & The providing tree&4:38&542\nnarr28 & Suagibaba&13:14&1378\nnarr29 & Finding water at Sui&8:00&820\nnarr30 & The talking coconut&2:08&228\nnarr31 & Traditional medicines that grow on Tat&6:39&505\nnarr32 & When I went to cure someone&2:28&158\nnarr33 & Leaf medicines part 1&6:16&253\nnarr34 & Leaf medicines part 2&5:30&367\nnarr35 & Leaf medicines part 3&6:23&426\nnarr36 & Leaf medicines part 4&2:22&102\nnarr37 & Route description from Mas to Antalisa&5:15&462\nnarr38 & Route description within Mas&2:08&144\nnarr39 & Why the crow is black&4:35&330\nnarr40 & Japanese bombings in WWII&22:45&1529\nnarr41 & What I did yesterday&2:42&230\nnarr42 & The last two canoes Om Nos built&16:00&1704\nnarr43 & When I was young&4:50&288\nnarr44 & Fishing and lobster diving with Keica&28:10&3909\nnarr45 & When Mayor went to Fakfak to get loans&4:37&417\nnarr46 & How to make the frame of a house &5:20&509\nsubtotal && 6:16:02&32422 \nconv1 & Netfishing 1 & 7:30&439\nconv2 & Netfishing 2 & 7:30&346\nconv3 & Netfishing 3 & 7:30&425\nconv4 & Netfishing 4 & 7:30&629\nconv5 & Netfishing 5 & 7:30&477\nconv7 & The Funeral of Tete Loklomin & 15:08&2109\nconv8 & Tenggelele ritual& 5:36&511\nconv9 & Binkur mama and Bakri mama talk current affairs & 32:45&3537\nconv10 & A conversation about fish & 23:02&3345\nconv11 & A conversation about chestnuts&6:41&1074\nconv12 & A kitchen conversation between two grandmothers&22:20&1901\nconv13 & A conversation about rice&13:08&1898\nconv14 & Two grandfathers talk current affairs&9:16&648\nconv15 & A conversation about cooking aubergine and papaya&6:27&588\nconv16 & A conversation about cooking vegetables&15:50&1445\nconv17 & How to weave a wallet part 1&45:00&1014\nconv18 & How to weave a wallet part 2&12:30&69\nconv19 & How to weave a wallet part 3&24:00&292\nconv20 & Mohtar’s father and Lamani’s father discuss root\nmedicines&49:07&4084\nconv21 & Boat trip around Karas Island 1& 07:30&190\nconv22 & Boat trip around Karas Island 10&1:29&41\nconv23 & Boat trip around Karas Island 12&0:39&14\nconv24 & Boat trip around Karas Island 13&0:44&14\nconv25 & Boat trip around Karas Island 14&4:51&47\nconv26 & Boat trip around Karas Island 6&0:41&16\nconv27 & Boat trip around Karas Island 7&7:30 &33\nconv28 & Boat trip around Karas Island 8&7:30&100\nsubtotal && 5:49:14&25286\ntotal && 15:27:44&69706 \n</div> \n<div class=\"tabularx\"> \nllQ\nBinominals & &\n[bin](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C4D-3)\nDemonstratives & &\n[thi](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C52-A)\nIamitives and nondums & &\n[iam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C55-7)\nIdematives & &\n[idem](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNaming & Handschuh p.c. &\n[nam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNegation & Veselinova and Miestamo& [neg,\nneg19](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nRelative clauses & &\n[rel](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nTMA & & [tam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C62-D)\nValency & &\n[val](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C65-5) \nMan and tree & Space games & &\n[stim13](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAC-8),\n[stim14](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAB-6)\n[stim25-27](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim38-40](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim42](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BE7-5) \nFamily problems & &\n[stim4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA8-B),\n[stim6](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA9-9),\n[stim7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAA-C),\n[stim12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BB0-D)\nFocus & via Arthur Holmer &\n[foc](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nFrog story& &\n[stim20](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAF-5),\n[stim21](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B94-F)\nJackal and crow& &\n[stim1-3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nTopological relations & &\n[top](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C63-9) \nCut and break &&\n[cut](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C50-E)\nDitransitives && [notebook 3, page\n345](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B66-5)\nJapanese story& via Arthur Holmer&\n[stim24](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C9C-7)\nMotion verbs & &\n[mot](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C56-3)\nPear movie& &\n[stim29-34](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nPut && [put1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5E-6),\n[put2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5F-7)\nReciprocal constructions &&\n[rec](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C61-7)\nStaged events &&\n[stag](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C64-3) \n</div>" } ], "index": 57, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Tamandi's father and family go push the canoe in the sea.", "split": "train" }
Elteng me me gareni wiekerungga sara.	That snake is slithering up the tree.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: That snake is slithering up the tree.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"That\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chat\nKalamang translation: rer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"That\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: with that\nKalamang translation: minggi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"snake\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sea snake\nKalamang translation: sileng\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"snake\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: snake\nKalamang translation: kip\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"slithering\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: offering\nKalamang translation: buoksarun; sinara; saier\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"slithering\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: slither\nKalamang translation: gare\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"up\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: put up\nKalamang translation: napasang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"up\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: line up\nKalamang translation: nabaris\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tree\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tree trunk\nKalamang translation: ewun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tree\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: male tree\nKalamang translation: kumkum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"That\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person has a wide anus.\nKalamang translation: Som yumene kahamanpos luas.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"That\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person sells garlic, not onion.\nKalamang translation: Sontum me bawang iriskaptenara parin, bawang kerkap ge.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"snake\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.\nKalamang translation: Tamandi emun kiwat semda bo dalangdalang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"snake\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A snake circles Unyil's chicken.\nKalamang translation: Kip Unyil kokounat kokarap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"slithering\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person is suffering from scabies.\nKalamang translation: Som yume kapis mat na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"slithering\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Hairul is steering the motor boat sailing around.\nKalamang translation: Hairul yonsongat kinkinde tiri naurar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"up\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He himself tidied his house up there.\nKalamang translation: Marain keweun osane nawanona.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"up\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I sleep with my face up (i.e. on my back).\nKalamang translation: An keitpisia min.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tree\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A parrot laid eggs in the tree hole.\nKalamang translation: Busbus kon ma ror poskoa amkeit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tree\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The cannonball tree broke and flew away.\nKalamang translation: Kai taul me parairte lele.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe causative proclitic di= attaches to the left edge of the predicate\nand occurs with directional verbs (except era ‘to move up diagonally’)\nand with locative constructions. It is optional in give-constructions\n(see §<a href=\"#sec:give\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:give\">[sec:give]</a>). The three uses are\nillustrated below. \n(<a href=\"#exe:kiesiri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiesiri\">[exe:kiesiri]</a>) illustrates causative\ndi= on marua ‘to move seawards’. The subject of the intransitive\nverb (‘two poles’) becomes the object and a subject (‘they’) is\nintroduced into the clause.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:dibint\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dibint\">[exe:dibint]</a>), the predicate is a\nlocation. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nror=at mu kis-eir-i di=maruan<sub>Pred</sub>\nwood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_long</span>-two-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\n‘Of wood, they moved two poles to the sea-side.’ <span id=\"exe:kiesiri\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiesiri\"></span> ma se per=at di=bintang\nneko<sub>Pred</sub>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwater=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=tub inside\n‘He had put water inside the tub.’ <span id=\"exe:dibint\"\nlabel=\"exe:dibint\"></span> \n</div> \nLocative predicates may be quite long, even including a demonstrative,\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:dikar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dikar\">[exe:dikar]</a>). As this example also\nillustrates, the object may be elided, as is common in Kalamang\n(§<a href=\"#sec:syntel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:syntel\">[sec:syntel]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu=a kansuor mia kajie ... di=karanjang opa nerunggo<sub>Pred</sub>\nto\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=foc</span> four come pick\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=basket\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> inside right\n‘They four come and pick ..., put \\[the avocados\\] in that basket,\nright.’ <span id=\"exe:dikar\" label=\"exe:dikar\"></span> \n</div> \nLastly, causative di= is employed in give-constructions\n(§<a href=\"#sec:give\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:give\">[sec:give]</a>). It is not obligatory, and it\nremains unclear what guides the choice for using\n(example<a href=\"#exe:sungdi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sungdi\">[exe:sungdi]</a>) or omitting\n(example<a href=\"#exe:pitin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pitin\">[exe:pitin]</a>) causative di= in a\ngive-construction, and whether it is a valency-increasing device in\nthese constructions or not. In any case, the zero morpheme ‘give’ may be\nused with the theme (the indirect object argument that is most commonly\nomitted from the construction) whether di= is used or not, as the two\nexamples in(<a href=\"#exe:sungdi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sungdi\">[exe:sungdi]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:pitin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pitin\">[exe:pitin]</a>) illustrate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan sungsung=at di=tumun-an=ki ∅\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\npants=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">di</span>=child-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=ben</span>\ngive\n‘I give pants to my child.’ <span id=\"exe:sungdi\"\nlabel=\"exe:sungdi\"></span> ka pitis=at in ∅=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nmoney=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Do you want to give us money? <span id=\"exe:pitin\"\nlabel=\"exe:pitin\"></span> \n</div> \nIn fact, in the give-constructions, as in many other constructions with\ncausative di=, the proclitic seems to indicate movement towards an\nendpoint besides being a valency increaser. The use of di= seems to\nput the focus on the endpoint or the goal of a movement rather than on\nthe movement itself. When used with directional verbs, di= indicates\nthat the movement ends somewhere.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:disaran\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:disaran\">[exe:disaran]</a>), the endpoint is the\nedge of the canoe, on which a plank (the omitted object noun) is\nattached after drilling holes.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kiesirii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiesirii\">[exe:kiesirii]</a>), repeated\nfrom(<a href=\"#exe:kiesiri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiesiri\">[exe:kiesiri]</a>) above, the terminus is\nthe sea-side, and the object is two poles of wood. When used with\ndirectional verbs, di= can often be translated as ‘put’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin er=at bor=i koyet to eba taikon-i di=saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\ncanoe=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\ndrill=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish right then\none_side-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘After finishing drilling the canoe, right, \\[we\\] put up one side.’\n<span id=\"exe:disaran\" label=\"exe:disaran\"></span> ror=at mu kis-eir-i\ndi=maruan\nwood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_long</span>-two-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\n‘Of wood, they moved two poles to the sea-side.’ <span id=\"exe:kiesirii\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiesirii\"></span> \n</div> \nDirectional verbs may also be used with a subject and object argument\nwithout use of di=. In these cases, the verbs indicate ongoing\nmovement, or have less focus on the goal of the movement and more on the\nmovement itself. (<a href=\"#exe:waratsara\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:waratsara\">[exe:waratsara]</a>) is about climbing a\ncoconut palm in order to pick coconuts. The focus is on the entire\nharvesting action, which does not finish at the top of the tree. Also,\ndirectional verbs without causative di= take a subject that is the\nmoving referent, and an object that is a location. Directional verbs\nwith causative di=, on the other hand, take a subject that is the\ncauser, and an object that is the moving referent. See\nTable<a href=\"#tab:disubob\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:disubob\">12.6</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan bo wat=at sarat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go\ncoconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I climbed the coconut.’ <span id=\"exe:waratsara\"\nlabel=\"exe:waratsara\"></span> \n</div> \n<div id=\"tab:disubob\"> \n\| \| subject \| object \|\n\|:----------------------------------------------------\|:----------------\|:----------------\|\n\| with di= ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>’ \| causer \| moving referent \|\n\| without di= ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>’ \| moving referent \| location \|\n\| \| \| \| \nDirectional verbs with and without causative di=. \n</div> \nCausative di= is not productive; it is ungrammatical on\nnon-directional verbs. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:difail\" label=\"exe:difail\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \n</div> \n</div> \nDi= is not a verb: it cannot stand on its own and must be accompanied\nby a predicate, and it is never inflected for anything. Diachronically,\nhowever, it could derive from the verb jie ‘to get’ (palatalised, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:assib\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:assib\">[sec:assib]</a>), which could have taken on a\nmore grammatical role in complex predicates. Compare the Papuan language\nEastern Timor, where ‘to take’ was part of a serial verb construction\nfor give-constructions .\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe clitic =kin, homophonous with second-person plural possessive\npronoun kin, expresses prospective or purposive association, spatial\nassociation, general (associative) ownership and representation of type.\nIt attaches to the right edge of the NP. The clitic does not display\nregular morphophonological behaviour\n(§<a href=\"#sec:elis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:elis\">[sec:elis]</a>). There is lenition of the /k/\nin, for example, the form neba=kin, but not in mu=kin. There is also\nno velarisation after /n/. This is perhaps a sign of recent\ngrammaticalisation. Note that in possessive relations with =kin, it is\nthe possessor that is marked. \nProspective or purposive association indicates that the word it is\nmarked on is the prospective or purposive use of the referent of another\nnoun. For instance, the compound nika warkin, from nika ‘line’ and\nwar ‘to fish’, indicates that the line is meant for fishing and not\nfor another activity such as tying. Muap terkin is used to indicate\nall food that is associated with drinking tea, such as cakes and\ncookies. Here, =kin may mark accompaniment or purpose. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnika war=kin\nline fish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘fishing line’ kai tolas=kin\nfirewood break_fast=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘firewood to be used when breaking the fast’ tumtum=kin\nchildren=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘children’s’ (used in the context of medicine) muap ter=kin\nfood tea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘food to consume together with tea’ <span id=\"exe:muapter\"\nlabel=\"exe:muapter\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin is also found on locations to indicate spatial association. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npasar Pakpak=kin\nmarket Fakfak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Fakfak’s market’ kewe Arepner=kin\nhouse Arepner=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Arepner’s houses’ \n</div> \nOther examples of spatial association are the names of certain species,\nespecially fish species, as shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wienart\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wienart\">[exe:wienart]</a>). The wienar\n‘parrotfish’ is contrasted with other wienar species, such as wienar\nsaruam ‘longnose parrotfish’. It can also be used in a more general\nsense to group for example all fish found close to the shore, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sorkis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sorkis\">[exe:sorkis]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwienar tebol=kin\nparrotfish reef_edge=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘roundhead parrotfish’ <span id=\"exe:wienart\"\nlabel=\"exe:wienart\"></span> sor kibis=kin\nfish shore=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘shore fish’ <span id=\"exe:sorkis\" label=\"exe:sorkis\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin can also express general (associative) ownership without\nspecifying the possessor. This can be used, for example, with the\nquestion word naman ‘who’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:namankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namankin\">[exe:namankin]</a>). The answer to this\nquestion also contains =kin, marking the possession of a group of\npeople. Thus, naman=kin functions as a placeholder for Dian taraun\nmu=kin. The answer also contains the third-person plural pronoun mu\nused as an associative plural. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=kin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Whose?’ Dian tara-un mu=kin\nDian grandfather-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Dian’s grandfather’s and associates’.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:namankin\" label=\"exe:namankin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis same marking of the possession of a group, often used with\nteknonyms (see §<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a>), is also illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass\">[exe:ass]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ass\" label=\"exe:ass\"></span> Pertama nebainggo,\nSainudinkin. Sainudinkin lewat, a terus menggara Kiba mukin.\npertama neba=kin=ko sainudin=kin sainudin=kin lewat a terus\nmengga=ta kiba mu=kin\nfirst <span class=\"smallcaps\">ph-poss=loc</span>\nSainudin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\nSainudin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> pass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> further\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nKiba <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=poss</span>\n‘First whose place, Sainudin’s. Pass Sainudin’s, ah then from there\n\\[you get to\\] Kiba’s.’ \n</div> \nInterestingly, because =kin is attached to the last element of the NP,\nit can also be attached to a possessive pronoun.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:esakainkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:esakainkin\">[exe:esakainkin]</a>), the use of =kin\n(instead of third-person possessive -un) signals that the possessed\nitem, some fishing equipment, belongs to the father’s household and not\nto him personally. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:esakainkin\" label=\"exe:esakainkin\"></span> mera ge esa\nkain=kin mera ki napaki=ta\nthen not father <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss=poss</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nuse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘If not, you can use your father’s.’ \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:konkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konkin\">[exe:konkin]</a>), =kin attaches to a\nnumeral, which refers to the price of a certain size of fishing line\n(the word nika ‘line’ is elided). =kin indicates that the numeral is\nrepresentative of a type. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nripi putkon=kin me minggi winyal\nthousand ten=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.ins</span> sail_fish\n‘With \\[fishing line of the kind that costs\\] ten thousand \\[you go\\]\nfishing while sailing around.’ <span id=\"exe:konkin\"\nlabel=\"exe:konkin\"></span> \n</div> \nLastly, =kin is used by one speaker in two recordings about canoe\nbuilding to refer to parts of the canoe.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), the left and\nright side of the canoe are described, and either side is marked with\n=kin. In(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the canoes are the parts, and\nthe whole is a tree from which three canoes are cut. An alternative\nanalysis is that these uses of =kin do not indicate a part-whole\nrelationship, but that there is an understood nominal referent with\nwhich =kin expresses an associative relationship.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), this could be\nthe drill holes (the left side’s drill holes), and\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the wood or the motor boat’s\nbase. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntantayon=kin di=saran=i koyet koi tanbes=kin=at koi bor=taet\nleft=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish then\nright=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nthen drill=again\n‘After putting up the left side, we drill the right side again.’\n<span id=\"exe:tantayonkin\" label=\"exe:tantayonkin\"></span> koi et\nmir-eir=kin=at kon-i potma raor=kin=at potma\nlimabelas=kin=at potma koi et pokpok=kin kon\nthen canoe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_canoe</span>-two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span>\none-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span> cut\nmiddle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span> cut\n15_hp_motor_boat.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=poss=obj</span> cut then\ncanoe small_motor_boat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> one\n‘Then \\[I\\] cut one canoe from two, cut it in the middle, cut a motor\nboat, then a small motorboat is one.’ <span id=\"exe:ass3\"\nlabel=\"exe:ass3\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: That snake is slithering up the tree.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Elteng me me gareni wiekerungga sara.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Elteng me me gareni wiekerungga sara.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Verbs", "Header 2": "Valency changing", "Header 3": "Causative constructions", "Header 4": "Causatives with di= ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>’" }, "passage": "The causative proclitic di= attaches to the left edge of the predicate\nand occurs with directional verbs (except era ‘to move up diagonally’)\nand with locative constructions. It is optional in give-constructions\n(see §<a href=\"#sec:give\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:give\">[sec:give]</a>). The three uses are\nillustrated below. \n(<a href=\"#exe:kiesiri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiesiri\">[exe:kiesiri]</a>) illustrates causative\ndi= on marua ‘to move seawards’. The subject of the intransitive\nverb (‘two poles’) becomes the object and a subject (‘they’) is\nintroduced into the clause.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:dibint\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dibint\">[exe:dibint]</a>), the predicate is a\nlocation. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nror=at mu kis-eir-i di=maruan<sub>Pred</sub>\nwood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_long</span>-two-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\n‘Of wood, they moved two poles to the sea-side.’ <span id=\"exe:kiesiri\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiesiri\"></span> ma se per=at di=bintang\nneko<sub>Pred</sub>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwater=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=tub inside\n‘He had put water inside the tub.’ <span id=\"exe:dibint\"\nlabel=\"exe:dibint\"></span> \n</div> \nLocative predicates may be quite long, even including a demonstrative,\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:dikar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dikar\">[exe:dikar]</a>). As this example also\nillustrates, the object may be elided, as is common in Kalamang\n(§<a href=\"#sec:syntel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:syntel\">[sec:syntel]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu=a kansuor mia kajie ... di=karanjang opa nerunggo<sub>Pred</sub>\nto\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=foc</span> four come pick\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=basket\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> inside right\n‘They four come and pick ..., put \\[the avocados\\] in that basket,\nright.’ <span id=\"exe:dikar\" label=\"exe:dikar\"></span> \n</div> \nLastly, causative di= is employed in give-constructions\n(§<a href=\"#sec:give\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:give\">[sec:give]</a>). It is not obligatory, and it\nremains unclear what guides the choice for using\n(example<a href=\"#exe:sungdi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sungdi\">[exe:sungdi]</a>) or omitting\n(example<a href=\"#exe:pitin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pitin\">[exe:pitin]</a>) causative di= in a\ngive-construction, and whether it is a valency-increasing device in\nthese constructions or not. In any case, the zero morpheme ‘give’ may be\nused with the theme (the indirect object argument that is most commonly\nomitted from the construction) whether di= is used or not, as the two\nexamples in(<a href=\"#exe:sungdi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sungdi\">[exe:sungdi]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:pitin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pitin\">[exe:pitin]</a>) illustrate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan sungsung=at di=tumun-an=ki ∅\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\npants=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">di</span>=child-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=ben</span>\ngive\n‘I give pants to my child.’ <span id=\"exe:sungdi\"\nlabel=\"exe:sungdi\"></span> ka pitis=at in ∅=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nmoney=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Do you want to give us money? <span id=\"exe:pitin\"\nlabel=\"exe:pitin\"></span> \n</div> \nIn fact, in the give-constructions, as in many other constructions with\ncausative di=, the proclitic seems to indicate movement towards an\nendpoint besides being a valency increaser. The use of di= seems to\nput the focus on the endpoint or the goal of a movement rather than on\nthe movement itself. When used with directional verbs, di= indicates\nthat the movement ends somewhere.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:disaran\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:disaran\">[exe:disaran]</a>), the endpoint is the\nedge of the canoe, on which a plank (the omitted object noun) is\nattached after drilling holes.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kiesirii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiesirii\">[exe:kiesirii]</a>), repeated\nfrom(<a href=\"#exe:kiesiri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiesiri\">[exe:kiesiri]</a>) above, the terminus is\nthe sea-side, and the object is two poles of wood. When used with\ndirectional verbs, di= can often be translated as ‘put’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin er=at bor=i koyet to eba taikon-i di=saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\ncanoe=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\ndrill=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish right then\none_side-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘After finishing drilling the canoe, right, \\[we\\] put up one side.’\n<span id=\"exe:disaran\" label=\"exe:disaran\"></span> ror=at mu kis-eir-i\ndi=maruan\nwood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_long</span>-two-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\n‘Of wood, they moved two poles to the sea-side.’ <span id=\"exe:kiesirii\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiesirii\"></span> \n</div> \nDirectional verbs may also be used with a subject and object argument\nwithout use of di=. In these cases, the verbs indicate ongoing\nmovement, or have less focus on the goal of the movement and more on the\nmovement itself. (<a href=\"#exe:waratsara\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:waratsara\">[exe:waratsara]</a>) is about climbing a\ncoconut palm in order to pick coconuts. The focus is on the entire\nharvesting action, which does not finish at the top of the tree. Also,\ndirectional verbs without causative di= take a subject that is the\nmoving referent, and an object that is a location. Directional verbs\nwith causative di=, on the other hand, take a subject that is the\ncauser, and an object that is the moving referent. See\nTable<a href=\"#tab:disubob\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:disubob\">12.6</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan bo wat=at sarat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go\ncoconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I climbed the coconut.’ <span id=\"exe:waratsara\"\nlabel=\"exe:waratsara\"></span> \n</div> \n<div id=\"tab:disubob\"> \n\| \| subject \| object \|\n\|:----------------------------------------------------\|:----------------\|:----------------\|\n\| with di= ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>’ \| causer \| moving referent \|\n\| without di= ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>’ \| moving referent \| location \|\n\| \| \| \| \nDirectional verbs with and without causative di=. \n</div> \nCausative di= is not productive; it is ungrammatical on\nnon-directional verbs. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:difail\" label=\"exe:difail\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \n</div> \n</div> \nDi= is not a verb: it cannot stand on its own and must be accompanied\nby a predicate, and it is never inflected for anything. Diachronically,\nhowever, it could derive from the verb jie ‘to get’ (palatalised, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:assib\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:assib\">[sec:assib]</a>), which could have taken on a\nmore grammatical role in complex predicates. Compare the Papuan language\nEastern Timor, where ‘to take’ was part of a serial verb construction\nfor give-constructions ." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Possessive and associative constructions", "Header 2": "Associative relations with =kin", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "The clitic =kin, homophonous with second-person plural possessive\npronoun kin, expresses prospective or purposive association, spatial\nassociation, general (associative) ownership and representation of type.\nIt attaches to the right edge of the NP. The clitic does not display\nregular morphophonological behaviour\n(§<a href=\"#sec:elis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:elis\">[sec:elis]</a>). There is lenition of the /k/\nin, for example, the form neba=kin, but not in mu=kin. There is also\nno velarisation after /n/. This is perhaps a sign of recent\ngrammaticalisation. Note that in possessive relations with =kin, it is\nthe possessor that is marked. \nProspective or purposive association indicates that the word it is\nmarked on is the prospective or purposive use of the referent of another\nnoun. For instance, the compound nika warkin, from nika ‘line’ and\nwar ‘to fish’, indicates that the line is meant for fishing and not\nfor another activity such as tying. Muap terkin is used to indicate\nall food that is associated with drinking tea, such as cakes and\ncookies. Here, =kin may mark accompaniment or purpose. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnika war=kin\nline fish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘fishing line’ kai tolas=kin\nfirewood break_fast=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘firewood to be used when breaking the fast’ tumtum=kin\nchildren=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘children’s’ (used in the context of medicine) muap ter=kin\nfood tea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘food to consume together with tea’ <span id=\"exe:muapter\"\nlabel=\"exe:muapter\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin is also found on locations to indicate spatial association. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npasar Pakpak=kin\nmarket Fakfak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Fakfak’s market’ kewe Arepner=kin\nhouse Arepner=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Arepner’s houses’ \n</div> \nOther examples of spatial association are the names of certain species,\nespecially fish species, as shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wienart\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wienart\">[exe:wienart]</a>). The wienar\n‘parrotfish’ is contrasted with other wienar species, such as wienar\nsaruam ‘longnose parrotfish’. It can also be used in a more general\nsense to group for example all fish found close to the shore, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sorkis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sorkis\">[exe:sorkis]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwienar tebol=kin\nparrotfish reef_edge=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘roundhead parrotfish’ <span id=\"exe:wienart\"\nlabel=\"exe:wienart\"></span> sor kibis=kin\nfish shore=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘shore fish’ <span id=\"exe:sorkis\" label=\"exe:sorkis\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin can also express general (associative) ownership without\nspecifying the possessor. This can be used, for example, with the\nquestion word naman ‘who’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:namankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namankin\">[exe:namankin]</a>). The answer to this\nquestion also contains =kin, marking the possession of a group of\npeople. Thus, naman=kin functions as a placeholder for Dian taraun\nmu=kin. The answer also contains the third-person plural pronoun mu\nused as an associative plural. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=kin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Whose?’ Dian tara-un mu=kin\nDian grandfather-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Dian’s grandfather’s and associates’.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:namankin\" label=\"exe:namankin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis same marking of the possession of a group, often used with\nteknonyms (see §<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a>), is also illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass\">[exe:ass]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ass\" label=\"exe:ass\"></span> Pertama nebainggo,\nSainudinkin. Sainudinkin lewat, a terus menggara Kiba mukin.\npertama neba=kin=ko sainudin=kin sainudin=kin lewat a terus\nmengga=ta kiba mu=kin\nfirst <span class=\"smallcaps\">ph-poss=loc</span>\nSainudin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\nSainudin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> pass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> further\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nKiba <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=poss</span>\n‘First whose place, Sainudin’s. Pass Sainudin’s, ah then from there\n\\[you get to\\] Kiba’s.’ \n</div> \nInterestingly, because =kin is attached to the last element of the NP,\nit can also be attached to a possessive pronoun.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:esakainkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:esakainkin\">[exe:esakainkin]</a>), the use of =kin\n(instead of third-person possessive -un) signals that the possessed\nitem, some fishing equipment, belongs to the father’s household and not\nto him personally. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:esakainkin\" label=\"exe:esakainkin\"></span> mera ge esa\nkain=kin mera ki napaki=ta\nthen not father <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss=poss</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nuse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘If not, you can use your father’s.’ \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:konkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konkin\">[exe:konkin]</a>), =kin attaches to a\nnumeral, which refers to the price of a certain size of fishing line\n(the word nika ‘line’ is elided). =kin indicates that the numeral is\nrepresentative of a type. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nripi putkon=kin me minggi winyal\nthousand ten=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.ins</span> sail_fish\n‘With \\[fishing line of the kind that costs\\] ten thousand \\[you go\\]\nfishing while sailing around.’ <span id=\"exe:konkin\"\nlabel=\"exe:konkin\"></span> \n</div> \nLastly, =kin is used by one speaker in two recordings about canoe\nbuilding to refer to parts of the canoe.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), the left and\nright side of the canoe are described, and either side is marked with\n=kin. In(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the canoes are the parts, and\nthe whole is a tree from which three canoes are cut. An alternative\nanalysis is that these uses of =kin do not indicate a part-whole\nrelationship, but that there is an understood nominal referent with\nwhich =kin expresses an associative relationship.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), this could be\nthe drill holes (the left side’s drill holes), and\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the wood or the motor boat’s\nbase. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntantayon=kin di=saran=i koyet koi tanbes=kin=at koi bor=taet\nleft=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish then\nright=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nthen drill=again\n‘After putting up the left side, we drill the right side again.’\n<span id=\"exe:tantayonkin\" label=\"exe:tantayonkin\"></span> koi et\nmir-eir=kin=at kon-i potma raor=kin=at potma\nlimabelas=kin=at potma koi et pokpok=kin kon\nthen canoe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_canoe</span>-two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span>\none-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span> cut\nmiddle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span> cut\n15_hp_motor_boat.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=poss=obj</span> cut then\ncanoe small_motor_boat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> one\n‘Then \\[I\\] cut one canoe from two, cut it in the middle, cut a motor\nboat, then a small motorboat is one.’ <span id=\"exe:ass3\"\nlabel=\"exe:ass3\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 58, "level": "low_resource", "question": "That snake is slithering up the tree.", "split": "train" }
Mustafa esun mu amdirga botkin mu tok Sakinat nawanggar.	Mustafa's father and family want to go to the garden, they are still waiting for Sakina.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Mustafa's father and family want to go to the garden, they are still waiting for Sakina.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Mustafa\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: stand up\nKalamang translation: usar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Mustafa\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: just a little\nKalamang translation: bolodak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: grandfather\nKalamang translation: tara esnem; tata; tete; esnem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: father\nKalamang translation: esa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"family\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: have a family\nKalamang translation: ruma tangga\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"family\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: family\nKalamang translation: wol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"want\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: does not want\nKalamang translation: sukaun ge\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"want\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: want\nKalamang translation: suka; toni; mau\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go out\nKalamang translation: keluar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go quickly\nKalamang translation: sasat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"garden\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: garden\nKalamang translation: amdir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"garden\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: nutmeg garden\nKalamang translation: sayangar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"they\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thermos\nKalamang translation: termus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"they\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: then\nKalamang translation: baru; eba; koi; mera; siktak; terus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"still\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: still\nKalamang translation: tok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"still\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: keep still\nKalamang translation: malelin\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"waiting\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"waiting\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: wait\nKalamang translation: natunggu; nawanggar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"for\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: for\nKalamang translation: untuk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"for\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cry for\nKalamang translation: koecuan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Sakina\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: vagina\nKalamang translation: kar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Sakina\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: casuarina (tree)\nKalamang translation: rur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Mustafa\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We went to get Mustafa's father to read the Thursday prayers.\nKalamang translation: In Mustafa esun rewet malamat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Mustafa\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mustafa's mother and family have many squashes.\nKalamang translation: Mustafa emun mu kasabiti reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's father hit and wounded his toenail.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun kor tanggalip dukta patin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Onin's father and family break down their house's roof.\nKalamang translation: Onin esun mu keweun sengunara maorek.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"family\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tuti and family go to the mountain to harvest nutmeg.\nKalamang translation: Tuti mu bo keleka ra sayangsara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"family\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Onin's father and family break down their house's roof.\nKalamang translation: Onin esun mu keweun sengunara maorek.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"want\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to go fishing at the dock.\nKalamang translation: An bo jambatanggoa warkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"want\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rehan doesn't want to go, he shakes his head.\nKalamang translation: Rehan sukaun botnin ma nakalunara muk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother and family go searching for worms.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun mu bo ibanruo reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I go landwards at that edge.\nKalamang translation: An asun menggara mara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"garden\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Granny Ruslan's grandmother and family planted maize in their garden.\nKalamang translation: Nina Ruslan taraun mu keteles kowaya amdirunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"garden\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Abas's mother's family are making a garden on the cape with grass.\nKalamang translation: Abas emun mu kaman karimunggoa amdirat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"they\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: First time they came they didn't know people yet.\nKalamang translation: Giarun mu lukta mu tok sontumat komahal.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"they\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Taros they sell at Fakfak: one heap fifty thousand (rupiah).\nKalamang translation: Manadu mu Pakpao parinda tumpuk konde ripi purap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"still\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The top of the rice is still undercooked.\nKalamang translation: Pasa me keirun tok kangguar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"still\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That mango is still sour.\nKalamang translation: Wie yume tok mor.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"waiting\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm eating maize, my jaw is tired.\nKalamang translation: An ketelesat nara kanggusan nauware.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"waiting\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm writing down Eline's Kalamang.\nKalamang translation: An Elin Kalamangmangunara natulis.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"for\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sara is diving for clams\nKalamang translation: Sara bo kanyuotkowar teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"for\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm getting strings for a basket.\nKalamang translation: An kiemalunara rep.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Sakina\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sakina's mother can steer a motor boat.\nKalamang translation: Sakina emun jongsongat bisa kinkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Sakina\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dalima goes up to buy noodles but Sakina and family are still eating.\nKalamang translation: Dalima sara mijie ba Sakina mu tok muap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:nmodqnt\" label=\"sec:nmodqnt\"></span> <span id=\"sec:numobj\"\nlabel=\"sec:numobj\"></span> Quantifiers (introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcquantnum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcquantnum\">[sec:wcquantnum]</a>) indicate the\nquantity of the referent of a NP. They include numeral and non-numeral\nquantifiers. Quantifiers take the second slot after the noun in the NP,\nfollowing the possessive suffix. Quantifiers modifying the subject are\nunmarked, as shown by karuok ‘three’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ladank\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ladank\">[exe:ladank]</a>) and ikon ‘few; some’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:emikon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:emikon\">[exe:emikon]</a>). Quantifiers may carry a\nclassifier prefix, depending on the noun.\n(<a href=\"#exe:kanase\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kanase\">[exe:kanase]</a>) shows the classifier ep-\nfor groups of living beings, on the numeral kon ‘one’, modifying\nkanas ‘kind of fish’. For more on classifiers, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nopa som karuok me mambaran kon ladan kerkap\nearlier person three <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> stand one shirt\nred\n‘Earlier, there were three people standing, one \\[had\\] a red shirt.’\n<span id=\"exe:ladank\" label=\"exe:ladank\"></span> emumur ikon toni ah\nma se me\nwoman.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span> some say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘Some of the women say: “Ah, that’s it.”’ <span id=\"exe:emikon\"\nlabel=\"exe:emikon\"></span> kanas ep-kon=a marua ime\nkind_of_fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_group</span>-one=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘A school of kanas moves towards that \\[part of\\] the sea!’\n<span id=\"exe:kanase\" label=\"exe:kanase\"></span> \n</div> \nQuantifiers modifying the object carry a special object marker, -i,\nwhile the object is marked with the object postposition =at (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:at\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:at\">[sec:at]</a>). In these cases, the quantifiers\nappear to be outside the PP, as tentatively indicated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kanye\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kanye\">[exe:kanye]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:mingtunat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mingtunat\">[exe:mingtunat]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin marua pas kanyot=at kansuor-i koluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> move_seawards exactly\ngiant_clam=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nfour-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span> find\n‘We went to sea and found four giant clams right there.’\n<span id=\"exe:kanye\" label=\"exe:kanye\"></span> mingtun=at bolon-i\nko=yuon\ncoconut_oil=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nlittle-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">appl</span>=rub\n‘\\[You\\] rub a little coconut oil on.’ <span id=\"exe:mingtunat\"\nlabel=\"exe:mingtunat\"></span> \n</div> \nIn NPs which contain a quantifier and another modifier occupying a later\nslot, however, the quantifier does not carry -i\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:nairmet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nairmet\">[exe:nairmet]</a>), the demonstrative\n(which is the last possible element of the NP) carries object marking,\nand the quantifiers again appear to be inside the NP. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu yap_seran-un nak-eir met toni pasor=ta eba mu nan=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nyam-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_fruit1</span>-two\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span> want\nfry=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They want to fry those two yams and then they want to eat.’\n<span id=\"exe:nairmet\" label=\"exe:nairmet\"></span> \n</div> \nThe quantifier object -i should not be analysed as the predicate\nlinker =i (§<a href=\"#sec:mvci\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvci\">14.1</a>), because it only occurs on\nquantifiers modifying object NPs or acting as NP heads, and never on\nsubjects or any peripheral arguments. The exact relation of quantifiers\nto the NP and the predicate is an area for further research.[^50] \nThe head noun can be elided when the nominal referent can be retrieved\nfrom the context, so that the numeral becomes the head of the NP. This\nis shown in(<a href=\"#exe:ladank\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ladank\">[exe:ladank]</a>) above for kon ‘one’ and\neir ‘two’ in(<a href=\"#exe:eirnau\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eirnau\">[exe:eirnau]</a>), where the two animals\nhave been extensively referred to earlier in the conversation, and are\nvisible in pictures in front of the speakers.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:mekua\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mekua\">[exe:mekua]</a>), the numeral head is\nmodified by a demonstrative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \neir nau=namanghadap\ntwo <span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=face\n‘Two \\[animals\\] face each other.’ <span id=\"exe:eirnau\"\nlabel=\"exe:eirnau\"></span> kon wa me kuat=nin\none <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nstrong=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘This one isn’t strong.’ <span id=\"exe:mekua\" label=\"exe:mekua\"></span> \n</div> \nThe quantifier object marker also remains in place if the object is\nelided, as in(<a href=\"#exe:nuru\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nuru\">[exe:nuru]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwowa Nuru mu<sub>Subj</sub> taukon-i<sub>Obj</sub> an<sub>Pred</sub>\naunt Nura <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nsome-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n‘Aunt Nuru’s family gave me some’ <span id=\"exe:nuru\"\nlabel=\"exe:nuru\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few cases, numeral quantifiers form a compound with the noun.\n(<a href=\"#exe:yuolreitkon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yuolreitkon\">[exe:yuolreitkon]</a>) has the compound\nyuol reitkon ‘the hundredth day’, which is an important day in the\ncommemoration of deceased people. The fact that it is a compound is\nevidenced by the object marker on the numeral. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntok yuol reitkon=at=a nawanggar\nstill day hundred=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> wait\n‘\\[We are\\] still waiting for the hundredth day.’\n<span id=\"exe:yuolreitkon\" label=\"exe:yuolreitkon\"></span> \n</div> \nQuantifiers are discussed in more detail in\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:quant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:quant\">[ch:quant]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:comi\" label=\"sec:comi\"></span> Comitative =bon typically\nexpresses accompaniment. If both members of a pair are mentioned they\nare usually both marked with comitative =bon, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kiunbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiunbon\">[exe:kiunbon]</a>). When a dual pronoun is\nfollowed by a noun marked with =bon it refers to two people, not\nthree, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:konbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konbon\">[exe:konbon]</a>). The dual is in that case\nnot marked with the comitative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=bon kiun=bon pasar=ka=ta bo don jiet=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=com</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmarket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo thing buy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He and his wife want to go to the market to buy things.’\n<span id=\"exe:kiunbon\" label=\"exe:kiunbon\"></span> terus ter-nan=i koyet\ninier tamu kon=bon misis wis go_dung\nthen tea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du</span> guest\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> miss yesterday morning\n‘Then we finished drinking tea, me and a guest, miss, yesterday\nmorning.’ <span id=\"exe:konbon\" label=\"exe:konbon\"></span> \n</div> \nIf an inanimate accompanies an animate (typically someone bringing or\ncarrying something), only the inanimate is marked with =bon. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma hukat=bon mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nnet=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> come\n‘He is coming with the net.’ <span id=\"exe:hukatbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:hukatbon\"></span> \n</div> \nThe marker =bon is also used to express more abstract meanings, such\nas ‘with’ in ‘to be busy with work’ and ‘chat with’, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:karajangbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:karajangbon\">[exe:karajangbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:mebon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mebon\">[exe:mebon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum saerak sontum tok sibuk karajang=bon\nperson <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span> person still busy\nwork=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n‘There are no people, people are still busy with work.’\n<span id=\"exe:karajangbon\" label=\"exe:karajangbon\"></span> kiar opa me\nma ra canam me=bon garung\nwife <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=com</span> chat\n‘That wife, she went to chat with that man.’ <span id=\"exe:mebon\"\nlabel=\"exe:mebon\"></span> \n</div> \nIn object function, =bon must be followed by the object marker =at\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:bonat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bonat\">[exe:bonat]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma kaden-un=bon nakal-un=bon=at maling=i taikon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com=obj</span>\ntilt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> side\n‘He tilts his body and his head to one side.’ <span id=\"exe:bonat\"\nlabel=\"exe:bonat\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few corpus instances bon stands on its own, with the complement\nelided but retrievable from the context.\n(<a href=\"#exe:hebonbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hebonbon\">[exe:hebonbon]</a>) is taken from a\nconversation about how to prepare a dish with certain leaves. Speaker A\nmentions a coconut, whereupon speaker B says it should be grated and\nmixed with the leaves. Both the leaves and the coconut can be retrieved\nfrom the context, and so bon can stand on its own. This, and the fact\nthat =bon can be combined with other postpositions, suggests that it\nis slightly different from the other postpositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \npi (...) wat=at suon kawaren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\ncoconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> peel grate\n‘We peel and grate the coconut.’ se bon kir=et se bon\ncampur=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\ngrate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmix=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Grate \\[the coconut\\] with \\[the leaves\\], mix \\[the coconut\\] with\n\\[the leaves\\].’ <span id=\"exe:hebonbon\" label=\"exe:hebonbon\"></span> \n</div> \n</div> \nA homophonous dependent verb bon ‘bring’ is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcbon\">14.2.2</a>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Mustafa's father and family want to go to the garden, they are still waiting for Sakina.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Mustafa esun mu amdirga botkin mu tok Sakinat nawanggar.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Mustafa esun mu amdirga botkin mu tok Sakinat nawanggar.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Nouns, noun phrases and postpositional phrases", "Header 2": "Noun phrase structure", "Header 3": "Quantifiers", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:nmodqnt\" label=\"sec:nmodqnt\"></span> <span id=\"sec:numobj\"\nlabel=\"sec:numobj\"></span> Quantifiers (introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcquantnum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcquantnum\">[sec:wcquantnum]</a>) indicate the\nquantity of the referent of a NP. They include numeral and non-numeral\nquantifiers. Quantifiers take the second slot after the noun in the NP,\nfollowing the possessive suffix. Quantifiers modifying the subject are\nunmarked, as shown by karuok ‘three’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ladank\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ladank\">[exe:ladank]</a>) and ikon ‘few; some’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:emikon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:emikon\">[exe:emikon]</a>). Quantifiers may carry a\nclassifier prefix, depending on the noun.\n(<a href=\"#exe:kanase\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kanase\">[exe:kanase]</a>) shows the classifier ep-\nfor groups of living beings, on the numeral kon ‘one’, modifying\nkanas ‘kind of fish’. For more on classifiers, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nopa som karuok me mambaran kon ladan kerkap\nearlier person three <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> stand one shirt\nred\n‘Earlier, there were three people standing, one \\[had\\] a red shirt.’\n<span id=\"exe:ladank\" label=\"exe:ladank\"></span> emumur ikon toni ah\nma se me\nwoman.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span> some say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘Some of the women say: “Ah, that’s it.”’ <span id=\"exe:emikon\"\nlabel=\"exe:emikon\"></span> kanas ep-kon=a marua ime\nkind_of_fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_group</span>-one=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘A school of kanas moves towards that \\[part of\\] the sea!’\n<span id=\"exe:kanase\" label=\"exe:kanase\"></span> \n</div> \nQuantifiers modifying the object carry a special object marker, -i,\nwhile the object is marked with the object postposition =at (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:at\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:at\">[sec:at]</a>). In these cases, the quantifiers\nappear to be outside the PP, as tentatively indicated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kanye\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kanye\">[exe:kanye]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:mingtunat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mingtunat\">[exe:mingtunat]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin marua pas kanyot=at kansuor-i koluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> move_seawards exactly\ngiant_clam=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nfour-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span> find\n‘We went to sea and found four giant clams right there.’\n<span id=\"exe:kanye\" label=\"exe:kanye\"></span> mingtun=at bolon-i\nko=yuon\ncoconut_oil=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nlittle-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">appl</span>=rub\n‘\\[You\\] rub a little coconut oil on.’ <span id=\"exe:mingtunat\"\nlabel=\"exe:mingtunat\"></span> \n</div> \nIn NPs which contain a quantifier and another modifier occupying a later\nslot, however, the quantifier does not carry -i\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:nairmet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nairmet\">[exe:nairmet]</a>), the demonstrative\n(which is the last possible element of the NP) carries object marking,\nand the quantifiers again appear to be inside the NP. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu yap_seran-un nak-eir met toni pasor=ta eba mu nan=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nyam-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_fruit1</span>-two\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span> want\nfry=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They want to fry those two yams and then they want to eat.’\n<span id=\"exe:nairmet\" label=\"exe:nairmet\"></span> \n</div> \nThe quantifier object -i should not be analysed as the predicate\nlinker =i (§<a href=\"#sec:mvci\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvci\">14.1</a>), because it only occurs on\nquantifiers modifying object NPs or acting as NP heads, and never on\nsubjects or any peripheral arguments. The exact relation of quantifiers\nto the NP and the predicate is an area for further research.[^50] \nThe head noun can be elided when the nominal referent can be retrieved\nfrom the context, so that the numeral becomes the head of the NP. This\nis shown in(<a href=\"#exe:ladank\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ladank\">[exe:ladank]</a>) above for kon ‘one’ and\neir ‘two’ in(<a href=\"#exe:eirnau\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eirnau\">[exe:eirnau]</a>), where the two animals\nhave been extensively referred to earlier in the conversation, and are\nvisible in pictures in front of the speakers.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:mekua\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mekua\">[exe:mekua]</a>), the numeral head is\nmodified by a demonstrative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \neir nau=namanghadap\ntwo <span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=face\n‘Two \\[animals\\] face each other.’ <span id=\"exe:eirnau\"\nlabel=\"exe:eirnau\"></span> kon wa me kuat=nin\none <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nstrong=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘This one isn’t strong.’ <span id=\"exe:mekua\" label=\"exe:mekua\"></span> \n</div> \nThe quantifier object marker also remains in place if the object is\nelided, as in(<a href=\"#exe:nuru\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nuru\">[exe:nuru]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwowa Nuru mu<sub>Subj</sub> taukon-i<sub>Obj</sub> an<sub>Pred</sub>\naunt Nura <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nsome-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n‘Aunt Nuru’s family gave me some’ <span id=\"exe:nuru\"\nlabel=\"exe:nuru\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few cases, numeral quantifiers form a compound with the noun.\n(<a href=\"#exe:yuolreitkon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yuolreitkon\">[exe:yuolreitkon]</a>) has the compound\nyuol reitkon ‘the hundredth day’, which is an important day in the\ncommemoration of deceased people. The fact that it is a compound is\nevidenced by the object marker on the numeral. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntok yuol reitkon=at=a nawanggar\nstill day hundred=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> wait\n‘\\[We are\\] still waiting for the hundredth day.’\n<span id=\"exe:yuolreitkon\" label=\"exe:yuolreitkon\"></span> \n</div> \nQuantifiers are discussed in more detail in\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:quant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:quant\">[ch:quant]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Nouns, noun phrases and postpositional phrases", "Header 2": "Postpositions", "Header 3": "Comitative =bon ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>’", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:comi\" label=\"sec:comi\"></span> Comitative =bon typically\nexpresses accompaniment. If both members of a pair are mentioned they\nare usually both marked with comitative =bon, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kiunbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiunbon\">[exe:kiunbon]</a>). When a dual pronoun is\nfollowed by a noun marked with =bon it refers to two people, not\nthree, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:konbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konbon\">[exe:konbon]</a>). The dual is in that case\nnot marked with the comitative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=bon kiun=bon pasar=ka=ta bo don jiet=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=com</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmarket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo thing buy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He and his wife want to go to the market to buy things.’\n<span id=\"exe:kiunbon\" label=\"exe:kiunbon\"></span> terus ter-nan=i koyet\ninier tamu kon=bon misis wis go_dung\nthen tea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du</span> guest\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> miss yesterday morning\n‘Then we finished drinking tea, me and a guest, miss, yesterday\nmorning.’ <span id=\"exe:konbon\" label=\"exe:konbon\"></span> \n</div> \nIf an inanimate accompanies an animate (typically someone bringing or\ncarrying something), only the inanimate is marked with =bon. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma hukat=bon mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nnet=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> come\n‘He is coming with the net.’ <span id=\"exe:hukatbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:hukatbon\"></span> \n</div> \nThe marker =bon is also used to express more abstract meanings, such\nas ‘with’ in ‘to be busy with work’ and ‘chat with’, illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:karajangbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:karajangbon\">[exe:karajangbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:mebon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mebon\">[exe:mebon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum saerak sontum tok sibuk karajang=bon\nperson <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span> person still busy\nwork=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n‘There are no people, people are still busy with work.’\n<span id=\"exe:karajangbon\" label=\"exe:karajangbon\"></span> kiar opa me\nma ra canam me=bon garung\nwife <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> go\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=com</span> chat\n‘That wife, she went to chat with that man.’ <span id=\"exe:mebon\"\nlabel=\"exe:mebon\"></span> \n</div> \nIn object function, =bon must be followed by the object marker =at\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:bonat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bonat\">[exe:bonat]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma kaden-un=bon nakal-un=bon=at maling=i taikon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com=obj</span>\ntilt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> side\n‘He tilts his body and his head to one side.’ <span id=\"exe:bonat\"\nlabel=\"exe:bonat\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few corpus instances bon stands on its own, with the complement\nelided but retrievable from the context.\n(<a href=\"#exe:hebonbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hebonbon\">[exe:hebonbon]</a>) is taken from a\nconversation about how to prepare a dish with certain leaves. Speaker A\nmentions a coconut, whereupon speaker B says it should be grated and\nmixed with the leaves. Both the leaves and the coconut can be retrieved\nfrom the context, and so bon can stand on its own. This, and the fact\nthat =bon can be combined with other postpositions, suggests that it\nis slightly different from the other postpositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \npi (...) wat=at suon kawaren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\ncoconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> peel grate\n‘We peel and grate the coconut.’ se bon kir=et se bon\ncampur=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\ngrate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmix=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Grate \\[the coconut\\] with \\[the leaves\\], mix \\[the coconut\\] with\n\\[the leaves\\].’ <span id=\"exe:hebonbon\" label=\"exe:hebonbon\"></span> \n</div> \n</div> \nA homophonous dependent verb bon ‘bring’ is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcbon\">14.2.2</a>." } ], "index": 59, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Mustafa's father and family want to go to the garden, they are still waiting for Sakina.", "split": "train" }
Kurua kona yarkeitko mambara sorara jaga.	An ibis is watching fish standing on a stone.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: An ibis is watching fish standing on a stone.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"An\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: harlequin shrimp\nKalamang translation: sairarar ladok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"An\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Antalisa\nKalamang translation: Tamisen\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ibis\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: hibiscus\nKalamang translation: yopyop; yuopyuop\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ibis\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: ibis\nKalamang translation: kurua\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"watching\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weight watcher\nKalamang translation: kibibal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"watching\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: keep watch\nKalamang translation: jaga\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fish\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fish place\nKalamang translation: sair\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fish\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: k.o. fish\nKalamang translation: alar; birbir; bugardadir; golip; gorip; goyas; gual; kamandi; kanaisasen; kanas; kanas kolkol; kas; kelikeli; kir; kolpanggat; kous; koutpol; kul; labis; labor; manggi; manman; momar; mormor; nebir; oioi; ora; ospulpul; paksanual; pous; pungpunggat; rum; rum timbang; sek; seik; sialar; sorbir; suban; tebolsuban; telenggues; torak; tup; u; war; wariam; winyal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"standing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: stand up\nKalamang translation: usar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"standing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: stand\nKalamang translation: mambara\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"on\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pass on\nKalamang translation: sarakan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"on\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: on coral\nKalamang translation: terarkeit\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"stone\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: stone axe\nKalamang translation: lemyar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"stone\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: stone wall\nKalamang translation: yatal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"An\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomorrow we go to Antalisa to marry Anafia and spouse.\nKalamang translation: Kasur in bo Tamisengga nahalarkin Anafia mu.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"An\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: An eagle cam down to catch a fish.\nKalamang translation: Lusi etkon bara sorat jie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ibis\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a big kerker tree at Mas.\nKalamang translation: Kerker aremun kon Masko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ibis\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nona and Alun are throwing fishing line and (caught) many labis fish.\nKalamang translation: Nonabon Alunbon hukat paruakta labis reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"watching\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother and family go searching for worms.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun mu bo ibanruo reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"watching\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sakina is pouching guavas.\nKalamang translation: Sakina sarimara lawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fish\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I fried fish but I still hide it.\nKalamang translation: An sorat pasor ba an tok mormor.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fish\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When the tide is very low Tamandi's mother and friends go fishing for small fish with poisonous root.\nKalamang translation: Warkin emun kararak Tamandi emun mu birbir tup.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"standing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are organising Hawa and Darfin's third day, (they are) extending a mat.\nKalamang translation: Mu Hawabon Darfinbon yuol karuonat paruo elat parapara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"standing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They three stand, one in the front, two in the back.\nKalamang translation: Munggaruok mambara, kon borara, eir epkadok.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"on\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dian's mother went to pour water on Binkur's father.\nKalamang translation: Dian emun Binkur esunat pergi konggareor.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"on\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Abas's mother's family are making a garden on the cape with grass.\nKalamang translation: Abas emun mu kaman karimunggoa amdirat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I saw Hidayat's father and family skin a deer.\nKalamang translation: An kona Hidayat esun mu rusat kawaruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That crow is making a nest in the coconut.\nKalamang translation: Goras yume eunara wat kerunggo paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"stone\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There's an eel in the stone.\nKalamang translation: Kawarsuop yar nerunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"stone\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The kids are throwing stones at the mangos.\nKalamang translation: Tumtum yargi wiat mudi.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:corpus\" label=\"sec:corpus\"></span> In this section, I give\nan overview of the types of data I gathered and how they are referred to\nin this study. I make a main distinction between naturalistic recordings\nand elicited material. I also introduce the online corpus that\naccompanies this study.[^18] \nAll data were gathered during four field trips between 2015 and 2019.\nThe first field trip in 2015 was conducted for my master’s thesis, and\nthe other three as part of my PhD programme.[^19]\nTable<a href=\"#tab:stays\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:stays\">2.4</a> gives an overview of time spent in\nthe field: 23 weeks. This time excludes travel to and from, stays in\ncities to deal with administrative matters, etc., and thus represents\nthe ‘net time’ spent on Karas. I stayed in Mas village\n(Figure<a href=\"#fig:mas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:mas\">2.5</a>) during all field trips, but made\nfrequent visits to Antalisa, the other Kalamang-speaking village. The\nmain consultants and all speakers were inhabitants of Mas at the time of\nrecording, but some of them had spent a part of their lives in Antalisa. \n<div id=\"tab:stays\"> \n\| year \| months \| weeks \|\n\|:------\|:--------\|------:\|\n\| 2015 \| Oct-Nov \| 6 \|\n\| 2017 \| Feb-Apr \| 11 \|\n\| 2018 \| Mar-May \| 8 \|\n\| 2019 \| Feb-Apr \| 8 \|\n\| Total \| \| 23 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nTime spent on Karas \n</div> \n<figure id=\"fig:mas\">\n<img src=\"Images/Masvillage-cropped.jpg\" style=\"width:70.0%\" />\n<figcaption>Mas village</figcaption>\n</figure> \nThe backbone of this grammar is the data corpus with time-aligned\nannotated video recordings of naturalistic spoken language ,\nsupplemented by elicited data in the form of translated sentences and\ngrammaticality judgements. Following (advice iterated in fieldwork\nguides like ), the naturalistic spoken data consist of different genres.\nI started with the recording of short personal histories, descriptive\nand prescriptive procedures, picture-matching tasks, and narratives\nrecorded with the help of picture stimuli, such as Frog, where are\nyou? , because these were relatively easy to transcribe. In subsequent\nyears, I recorded among other things free conversations and traditional\nnarratives, and used an action camera to film people at work and\ntravelling. Naturalistic data is typically video recorded, and a large\npart of it is annotated, roughly divided into breath groups[^20] with\nthe following information: an English and Papuan Malay translation, a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis and part-of-speech information, sometimes\nsupplemented by notes on grammar or (cultural) background.[^21] Elicited\ndata was typically written down in notebooks and subsequently digitised.\nSome of the elicited data was also audio recorded, and most of it was\nalso translated into English and Papuan Malay, and supplemented with a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis, part-of-speech information and\nnotes.[^22] \nFor naturalistic recordings, I make a rough distinction between three\ndifferent kinds: data obtained with the help of stimuli, narratives and\nconversations.[^23] Stimuli are all recordings with a narrative or\nconversation-like character that are made with the help of a\npre-designed stimulus. This includes narratives told with the help of a\npicture book or video stimulus, picture-matching tasks, people\ndiscussing certain fishing gear that I had brought and asked them to\ndiscuss, route descriptions based on videos that I made, and recordings\nof people doing the Family problems picture task . Although some of\nthese narratives and conversations proceed in quite a naturalistic way,\nand they are definitely much more naturalistic than elicited data, they\nare at least stylistically artificial in the sense that they are genres\nthat do not naturally occur in Kalamang speech, and were therefore\ngrouped together. Narratives are all recordings where only one person\nspeaks, or where one person is the main speaker. These include personal\nhistories, traditional narratives and descriptive procedures. Most\nnarratives are prompted: I asked a speaker whether they could talk about\nwhen they went fishing, about how to make a canoe, or to tell me a tale.\nWhile some are quite directed, such as the plant medicine videos where\nspeakers hold up specimens of plants and explain how they are used in\nmedicine, others are very naturalistic examples of narratives which\nroughly stick to the theme I requested, but where the topic is filled in\nfreely by the narrator. Conversations are recordings with two people\nengaging in a conversation. Most of these were prompted: I would ask\nsomeone to explain how to make a basket to someone else, to talk with\ntheir friend about cooking with vegetables or about making medicine with\nroots, or to discuss the most recent funeral. I judge these to be very\nnaturalistic, with the speakers often trailing off from the requested\ntopic and just chatting along. Two long recordings are completely\nunprompted: a kitchen conversation between two grandmothers\n([conv12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BBD-5)) and a\nliving room conversation between two mothers\n([conv9](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9F-F)). I have\nnot attempted to record with more than two main speakers, although a\nthird or fourth speaker sometimes makes a guest appearance in a\nrecording. Examples used in this study taken from video-recorded\nnaturalistic data are tagged as ‘stim’, ‘narr’ and ‘conv’, respectively,\nfollowed by a running number and a time stamp indicating where in the\nrecording the utterance can be found. An example of each is given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbal se sor=at koraru\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bite\n‘The dog has bitten the fish.’ <span id=\"exe:tri\"\nlabel=\"exe:tri\"></span> mu kiem\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> run\n‘They run.’ <span id=\"exe:SV33\" label=\"exe:SV33\"></span> ma reitkon\npurap-i an=at kamat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> hundred\nfifty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nsend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘He sent me one hundred and fifty \\[thousand rupiah\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:kamatt\" label=\"exe:kamatt\"></span> \n</div> \nA list of the 104 naturalistic recordings in the corpus that are\ntranscribed and annotated can be found in the Appendix on page. More\ncontext can be found in the description of the recording in the corpus.\nA summary of the transcribed minutes and amount of words per recording\ntype is given in Table<a href=\"#tab:vidsum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:vidsum\">2.5</a>. An additional five hours of\nuntranscribed Kalamang speech can also be found in the corpus. \n<div id=\"tab:vidsum\"> \n\| type \| amt. \| hh:mm:ss \| words \|\n\|:---------------\|-----:\|---------:\|------:\|\n\| stimulus-based \| 32 \| 03:22:28 \| 11998 \|\n\| narratives \| 45 \| 06:21:02 \| 32422 \|\n\| conversation \| 27 \| 05:49:14 \| 25286 \|\n\| total \| 104 \| 15:32:44 \| 69706 \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSummary of naturalistic annotated recordings \n</div> \nTo get a better understanding of certain topics that seemed worth\ninvestigating or that did not yield clear enough data in the\nnaturalistic corpus, or to inform other people’s typological studies, I\nalso elicited data with the help of questionnaires and video stimuli. I\nused some questionnaires and video stimuli designed by others, but also\ndesigned roughly 70 tailor-made questionnaires myself, with the aim to\nfill in gaps from the naturalistic spoken corpus. These tailor-made\nquestionnaires can be found in the corpus with two-to-four-letter tags,\nsometimes supplemented with a two-digit indicator for a year or a\nrunning number. For example, ‘adj’ is a questionnaire about adjectives\nused in 2018, and ‘adj19’ is a questionnaire about adjectives used in\n2019. These questionnaires contain a mix of requests for translations\n(from Indonesian or Papuan Malay) and grammaticality checks of Kalamang\nsentences that I constructed, typically based on a similar example from\nthe corpus. Examples from these, as well as examples from data resulting\nfrom using other people’s questionnaires and video stimuli, are referred\nto in this study with the tag ‘elic’, followed by the corpus tag of the\nquestionnaire and the line number of the example. An example is\n(<a href=\"#exe:elicex\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:elicex\">[exe:elicex]</a>). Elicited examples are\nonly used when no naturalistic examples are available, or when\nnaturalistic examples do not illustrate the point clearly (for example,\nwhen there is no minimal pair available). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu pas sem=ten=at koup\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> woman\nafraid-<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj=obj</span> hug\n‘They hugged the scared woman.’ <span id=\"exe:elicex\"\nlabel=\"exe:elicex\"></span> \n</div> \nAn overview of the questionnaires, picture-matching tasks, picture\nstimuli and video stimuli designed by others that were used to collect\nKalamang data can be found on page. Some of these are classified as\nelicited material, while others are classified as naturalistic data and\nare referred to with the ‘stim’ tag. In this study, I sometimes make\nreference to the naturalistic spoken corpus, to oppose it to the\nelicited data – for example, when a certain construction type is only\nfound in the one and not in the other. Recordings in the naturalistic\nspoken corpus are also sometimes referred to as texts.[^24] Other\nexamples quoted in this study are marked as \\[overheard\\] or \\[dict\\].\nThe former are examples that I personally overheard. They are typically\ngreetings or other utterances that are highly frequent in daily life but\nthat have not made their way into the recorded corpus. In a very few\ninstances, they are utterances that I found interesting when I heard\nthem and which I noted down straight after. Examples quoted as \\[dict\\]\nare example sentences written by Fajaria Yarkuran for the dictionary\n(see §<a href=\"#sec:teachers\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:teachers\">[sec:teachers]</a>).\nTable<a href=\"#tab:examples\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:examples\">2.6</a> is an overview of the example\ntypes used in this study, and how they are referred to. \n<div id=\"tab:examples\"> \n\| type \| subtype \| tag example \| tag format \|\n\|:-------------\|:---------------\|:-----------------\|:-----------------------------------\|\n\| naturalistic \| stimulus-based \| \\[stim13_2:15\\] \| stim+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| narrative \| \\[narr45_23:04\\] \| narr+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| conversation \| \\[conv2_13:59\\] \| conv+running number_time stamp \|\n\| elicited \| \| \\[elic_wc_16\\] \| elic_questionnaire tag_line number \|\n\| naturalistic \| overheard \| \\[overheard\\] \| \|\n\| dictionary \| \| \\[dict_yuor\\] \| dict_lemma \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSources of examples used in this study \n</div> \nFor examples where I deem the linguistic or pragmatic context necessary\nto understand the example, or to understand the point the example\nillustrates, I have added information about the context of the example,\neither in the text preceding the example or in square brackets in the\nexample itself. Of course, this does not mean that a great many examples\ncould not have benefited from more information about the linguistic or\npragmatic context. To this end, I provide direct links to the corpus for\neach example so that the reader can inspect at least the linguistic\ncontext on their own. In the digital version of this grammar, the corpus\ntag that accompanies each example is clickable and leads to the bundle\npage that contains the relevant files. \nThe corpus also contains videos and pictures illustrating daily life in\nMas; a cultural questionnaire; recordings of music, prayer calls and\nsermons; pictures illustrating the natural world around Karas; and sound\nclips of words and phrases for phonetic and intonation analysis. All\ncorpus materials are accompanied by rich metadata, including a\ndescription of the contents, key words, genre, cross-references,\nlocation and, for the naturalistic recordings, extensive speaker\ninformation. Where possible, I have bundled recordings on a certain\ntopic together with supplementary materials such as pictures, such that\na narrative about the village’s last wedding is supplemented with\npictures of the wedding. A guide to the corpus with more details about\nits contents can be found in the corpus itself. \nAt a later stage, it would be good to supplement the corpus with\nrecordings that show code switching in addressing different audiences or\naddressees, to show more of the dynamic sociolinguistic context in which\nKalamang is spoken ,[^25] ritual and ceremonial language use, and songs\n.[^26] Certain formal genres, like public speeches or meetings, are not\nattested in the Kalamang speech community because of its status as a\nshifting language (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:socioling\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:socioling\">[sec:socioling]</a>).\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:usage\" label=\"sec:usage\"></span> In everyday situations,\npronouns are very common terms of address\n(§<a href=\"#sec:pronaddr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:pronaddr\">[sec:pronaddr]</a>), but non-pronominal\nterms of address are also very conventionalised. All non-pronominal\nterms were given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:address\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:address\">[tab:address]</a>. Terms of address can be\nput on a cline of politeness (here, for the sake of ease, encompassing\nalso formality and respectfulness). Towards the polite side there are\nkinship terms and teknonyms, and names are towards the less polite side.\nNicknames cover the middle ground. Vocatives are briefly described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a> and\n§<a href=\"#sec:discinterj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discinterj\">[sec:discinterj]</a>. \nKinship terms are used as terms of address for parents, parents’\nsiblings, grandparents, parents-in-law and strangers or foreigners. Such\nterms of address are deemed polite. Teknonyms and names of spouses are\nequally polite ways of addressing someone as kinship terms. Moreover,\nthe use of teknonyms and names of spouses as a term of address is\navailable for all kin and non-kin relations. Names are the common way of\naddressing kin and non-kin for and amongst children until they are\nmarried. After that, names may only be used in (very) informal settings,\nand between people of the same generation, or when addressing someone\nfrom a younger generation than yourself. It is deemed very\ndisrespectful, or even taboo, to address or even refer to a parent,\ngrandparent or parent-in-law by their first name. Even between friends\nit is customary to use teknonyms rather than first names. Teknonyms\nwithout the addition of the word ‘(grand)parent’ may be used as a kind\nof collective term of address for a group of people, usually sharing a\nhouse. This can be used, for example, when someone standing outside the\nhouse calls to see if someone’s there, or to refer to that group of\npeople (in that case with the addition of mu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mayor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mayor\">[exe:mayor]</a>).) \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMayor mu amdir-un=ka=ta marua\nMayor <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ngarden-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nmove_seawards\n‘Mayor and associates go to their garden moving towards the sea.’\n<span id=\"exe:mayor\" label=\"exe:mayor\"></span> \n</div> \nNicknames and titles occupy the middle ground in terms of politeness. If\na nickname is honorary, such as Mayor, this may be the main term of\naddress for that person. People with an administrative function may be\naddressed according to their title (in Malay): Pak Sekretaris ‘Mister\nSecretary’ and Ibu Guru ‘Mistress Teacher’. Disabled people may also\nbe first and foremost known by their nicknames (such as a deaf-mute\nperson referred to as Toki, perhaps from kelkam toktok ‘deaf’).\nNote, however, that if a person is known to be very informal, they may\nbe primarily known by their first name, such as the often-joking father\nof three children called Malik. Self-reference is usually obtained with\na teknonym. If people utter their own given name, they usually do so\nwith a quieter voice. \nStrangers or foreigners may be both referred to and addressed with\npolite Kalamang kinship terms, preferably esnem or esa for a man,\nand emnem or ema for a women. However, terms of address from other\n(Indonesian) languages are also commonly used. A visiting man from Java\nis referred to and addressed as Mas; a Javanese woman is Mba (after the\nJavanese terms of address). A foreigner may be referred to as ‘mister’\n(pronounced mester) or ‘mistress/miss’ (misis/mis). If necessary, a\nspecification is given after the title: Mas Karamba, for example, is\nused for the Javanese men who work in the live-fish storage place called\nkaramba in Indonesian. Indonesian Bapak/Pak and Ibu can be applied to\nany stranger. The borrowing tatanina may also be used for foreign\nwomen, and was a popular term of reference and address for the\nresearcher, as well as mis(is). \nKalamang society practices kinship-based fostering, which means that\nchildren may be raised by a family member, usually one who does not have\nchildren him/herself.[^57] These children have and use the same terms of\nreference and address as biological children.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: An ibis is watching fish standing on a stone.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Kurua kona yarkeitko mambara sorara jaga.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Kurua kona yarkeitko mambara sorara jaga.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "This study", "Header 3": "Data and research methods", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:corpus\" label=\"sec:corpus\"></span> In this section, I give\nan overview of the types of data I gathered and how they are referred to\nin this study. I make a main distinction between naturalistic recordings\nand elicited material. I also introduce the online corpus that\naccompanies this study.[^18] \nAll data were gathered during four field trips between 2015 and 2019.\nThe first field trip in 2015 was conducted for my master’s thesis, and\nthe other three as part of my PhD programme.[^19]\nTable<a href=\"#tab:stays\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:stays\">2.4</a> gives an overview of time spent in\nthe field: 23 weeks. This time excludes travel to and from, stays in\ncities to deal with administrative matters, etc., and thus represents\nthe ‘net time’ spent on Karas. I stayed in Mas village\n(Figure<a href=\"#fig:mas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:mas\">2.5</a>) during all field trips, but made\nfrequent visits to Antalisa, the other Kalamang-speaking village. The\nmain consultants and all speakers were inhabitants of Mas at the time of\nrecording, but some of them had spent a part of their lives in Antalisa. \n<div id=\"tab:stays\"> \n\| year \| months \| weeks \|\n\|:------\|:--------\|------:\|\n\| 2015 \| Oct-Nov \| 6 \|\n\| 2017 \| Feb-Apr \| 11 \|\n\| 2018 \| Mar-May \| 8 \|\n\| 2019 \| Feb-Apr \| 8 \|\n\| Total \| \| 23 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nTime spent on Karas \n</div> \n<figure id=\"fig:mas\">\n<img src=\"Images/Masvillage-cropped.jpg\" style=\"width:70.0%\" />\n<figcaption>Mas village</figcaption>\n</figure> \nThe backbone of this grammar is the data corpus with time-aligned\nannotated video recordings of naturalistic spoken language ,\nsupplemented by elicited data in the form of translated sentences and\ngrammaticality judgements. Following (advice iterated in fieldwork\nguides like ), the naturalistic spoken data consist of different genres.\nI started with the recording of short personal histories, descriptive\nand prescriptive procedures, picture-matching tasks, and narratives\nrecorded with the help of picture stimuli, such as Frog, where are\nyou? , because these were relatively easy to transcribe. In subsequent\nyears, I recorded among other things free conversations and traditional\nnarratives, and used an action camera to film people at work and\ntravelling. Naturalistic data is typically video recorded, and a large\npart of it is annotated, roughly divided into breath groups[^20] with\nthe following information: an English and Papuan Malay translation, a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis and part-of-speech information, sometimes\nsupplemented by notes on grammar or (cultural) background.[^21] Elicited\ndata was typically written down in notebooks and subsequently digitised.\nSome of the elicited data was also audio recorded, and most of it was\nalso translated into English and Papuan Malay, and supplemented with a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis, part-of-speech information and\nnotes.[^22] \nFor naturalistic recordings, I make a rough distinction between three\ndifferent kinds: data obtained with the help of stimuli, narratives and\nconversations.[^23] Stimuli are all recordings with a narrative or\nconversation-like character that are made with the help of a\npre-designed stimulus. This includes narratives told with the help of a\npicture book or video stimulus, picture-matching tasks, people\ndiscussing certain fishing gear that I had brought and asked them to\ndiscuss, route descriptions based on videos that I made, and recordings\nof people doing the Family problems picture task . Although some of\nthese narratives and conversations proceed in quite a naturalistic way,\nand they are definitely much more naturalistic than elicited data, they\nare at least stylistically artificial in the sense that they are genres\nthat do not naturally occur in Kalamang speech, and were therefore\ngrouped together. Narratives are all recordings where only one person\nspeaks, or where one person is the main speaker. These include personal\nhistories, traditional narratives and descriptive procedures. Most\nnarratives are prompted: I asked a speaker whether they could talk about\nwhen they went fishing, about how to make a canoe, or to tell me a tale.\nWhile some are quite directed, such as the plant medicine videos where\nspeakers hold up specimens of plants and explain how they are used in\nmedicine, others are very naturalistic examples of narratives which\nroughly stick to the theme I requested, but where the topic is filled in\nfreely by the narrator. Conversations are recordings with two people\nengaging in a conversation. Most of these were prompted: I would ask\nsomeone to explain how to make a basket to someone else, to talk with\ntheir friend about cooking with vegetables or about making medicine with\nroots, or to discuss the most recent funeral. I judge these to be very\nnaturalistic, with the speakers often trailing off from the requested\ntopic and just chatting along. Two long recordings are completely\nunprompted: a kitchen conversation between two grandmothers\n([conv12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BBD-5)) and a\nliving room conversation between two mothers\n([conv9](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9F-F)). I have\nnot attempted to record with more than two main speakers, although a\nthird or fourth speaker sometimes makes a guest appearance in a\nrecording. Examples used in this study taken from video-recorded\nnaturalistic data are tagged as ‘stim’, ‘narr’ and ‘conv’, respectively,\nfollowed by a running number and a time stamp indicating where in the\nrecording the utterance can be found. An example of each is given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbal se sor=at koraru\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bite\n‘The dog has bitten the fish.’ <span id=\"exe:tri\"\nlabel=\"exe:tri\"></span> mu kiem\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> run\n‘They run.’ <span id=\"exe:SV33\" label=\"exe:SV33\"></span> ma reitkon\npurap-i an=at kamat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> hundred\nfifty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nsend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘He sent me one hundred and fifty \\[thousand rupiah\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:kamatt\" label=\"exe:kamatt\"></span> \n</div> \nA list of the 104 naturalistic recordings in the corpus that are\ntranscribed and annotated can be found in the Appendix on page. More\ncontext can be found in the description of the recording in the corpus.\nA summary of the transcribed minutes and amount of words per recording\ntype is given in Table<a href=\"#tab:vidsum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:vidsum\">2.5</a>. An additional five hours of\nuntranscribed Kalamang speech can also be found in the corpus. \n<div id=\"tab:vidsum\"> \n\| type \| amt. \| hh:mm:ss \| words \|\n\|:---------------\|-----:\|---------:\|------:\|\n\| stimulus-based \| 32 \| 03:22:28 \| 11998 \|\n\| narratives \| 45 \| 06:21:02 \| 32422 \|\n\| conversation \| 27 \| 05:49:14 \| 25286 \|\n\| total \| 104 \| 15:32:44 \| 69706 \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSummary of naturalistic annotated recordings \n</div> \nTo get a better understanding of certain topics that seemed worth\ninvestigating or that did not yield clear enough data in the\nnaturalistic corpus, or to inform other people’s typological studies, I\nalso elicited data with the help of questionnaires and video stimuli. I\nused some questionnaires and video stimuli designed by others, but also\ndesigned roughly 70 tailor-made questionnaires myself, with the aim to\nfill in gaps from the naturalistic spoken corpus. These tailor-made\nquestionnaires can be found in the corpus with two-to-four-letter tags,\nsometimes supplemented with a two-digit indicator for a year or a\nrunning number. For example, ‘adj’ is a questionnaire about adjectives\nused in 2018, and ‘adj19’ is a questionnaire about adjectives used in\n2019. These questionnaires contain a mix of requests for translations\n(from Indonesian or Papuan Malay) and grammaticality checks of Kalamang\nsentences that I constructed, typically based on a similar example from\nthe corpus. Examples from these, as well as examples from data resulting\nfrom using other people’s questionnaires and video stimuli, are referred\nto in this study with the tag ‘elic’, followed by the corpus tag of the\nquestionnaire and the line number of the example. An example is\n(<a href=\"#exe:elicex\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:elicex\">[exe:elicex]</a>). Elicited examples are\nonly used when no naturalistic examples are available, or when\nnaturalistic examples do not illustrate the point clearly (for example,\nwhen there is no minimal pair available). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu pas sem=ten=at koup\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> woman\nafraid-<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj=obj</span> hug\n‘They hugged the scared woman.’ <span id=\"exe:elicex\"\nlabel=\"exe:elicex\"></span> \n</div> \nAn overview of the questionnaires, picture-matching tasks, picture\nstimuli and video stimuli designed by others that were used to collect\nKalamang data can be found on page. Some of these are classified as\nelicited material, while others are classified as naturalistic data and\nare referred to with the ‘stim’ tag. In this study, I sometimes make\nreference to the naturalistic spoken corpus, to oppose it to the\nelicited data – for example, when a certain construction type is only\nfound in the one and not in the other. Recordings in the naturalistic\nspoken corpus are also sometimes referred to as texts.[^24] Other\nexamples quoted in this study are marked as \\[overheard\\] or \\[dict\\].\nThe former are examples that I personally overheard. They are typically\ngreetings or other utterances that are highly frequent in daily life but\nthat have not made their way into the recorded corpus. In a very few\ninstances, they are utterances that I found interesting when I heard\nthem and which I noted down straight after. Examples quoted as \\[dict\\]\nare example sentences written by Fajaria Yarkuran for the dictionary\n(see §<a href=\"#sec:teachers\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:teachers\">[sec:teachers]</a>).\nTable<a href=\"#tab:examples\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:examples\">2.6</a> is an overview of the example\ntypes used in this study, and how they are referred to. \n<div id=\"tab:examples\"> \n\| type \| subtype \| tag example \| tag format \|\n\|:-------------\|:---------------\|:-----------------\|:-----------------------------------\|\n\| naturalistic \| stimulus-based \| \\[stim13_2:15\\] \| stim+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| narrative \| \\[narr45_23:04\\] \| narr+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| conversation \| \\[conv2_13:59\\] \| conv+running number_time stamp \|\n\| elicited \| \| \\[elic_wc_16\\] \| elic_questionnaire tag_line number \|\n\| naturalistic \| overheard \| \\[overheard\\] \| \|\n\| dictionary \| \| \\[dict_yuor\\] \| dict_lemma \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSources of examples used in this study \n</div> \nFor examples where I deem the linguistic or pragmatic context necessary\nto understand the example, or to understand the point the example\nillustrates, I have added information about the context of the example,\neither in the text preceding the example or in square brackets in the\nexample itself. Of course, this does not mean that a great many examples\ncould not have benefited from more information about the linguistic or\npragmatic context. To this end, I provide direct links to the corpus for\neach example so that the reader can inspect at least the linguistic\ncontext on their own. In the digital version of this grammar, the corpus\ntag that accompanies each example is clickable and leads to the bundle\npage that contains the relevant files. \nThe corpus also contains videos and pictures illustrating daily life in\nMas; a cultural questionnaire; recordings of music, prayer calls and\nsermons; pictures illustrating the natural world around Karas; and sound\nclips of words and phrases for phonetic and intonation analysis. All\ncorpus materials are accompanied by rich metadata, including a\ndescription of the contents, key words, genre, cross-references,\nlocation and, for the naturalistic recordings, extensive speaker\ninformation. Where possible, I have bundled recordings on a certain\ntopic together with supplementary materials such as pictures, such that\na narrative about the village’s last wedding is supplemented with\npictures of the wedding. A guide to the corpus with more details about\nits contents can be found in the corpus itself. \nAt a later stage, it would be good to supplement the corpus with\nrecordings that show code switching in addressing different audiences or\naddressees, to show more of the dynamic sociolinguistic context in which\nKalamang is spoken ,[^25] ritual and ceremonial language use, and songs\n.[^26] Certain formal genres, like public speeches or meetings, are not\nattested in the Kalamang speech community because of its status as a\nshifting language (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:socioling\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:socioling\">[sec:socioling]</a>)." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Non-pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "Non-pronominal address", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:usage\" label=\"sec:usage\"></span> In everyday situations,\npronouns are very common terms of address\n(§<a href=\"#sec:pronaddr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:pronaddr\">[sec:pronaddr]</a>), but non-pronominal\nterms of address are also very conventionalised. All non-pronominal\nterms were given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:address\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:address\">[tab:address]</a>. Terms of address can be\nput on a cline of politeness (here, for the sake of ease, encompassing\nalso formality and respectfulness). Towards the polite side there are\nkinship terms and teknonyms, and names are towards the less polite side.\nNicknames cover the middle ground. Vocatives are briefly described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a> and\n§<a href=\"#sec:discinterj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discinterj\">[sec:discinterj]</a>. \nKinship terms are used as terms of address for parents, parents’\nsiblings, grandparents, parents-in-law and strangers or foreigners. Such\nterms of address are deemed polite. Teknonyms and names of spouses are\nequally polite ways of addressing someone as kinship terms. Moreover,\nthe use of teknonyms and names of spouses as a term of address is\navailable for all kin and non-kin relations. Names are the common way of\naddressing kin and non-kin for and amongst children until they are\nmarried. After that, names may only be used in (very) informal settings,\nand between people of the same generation, or when addressing someone\nfrom a younger generation than yourself. It is deemed very\ndisrespectful, or even taboo, to address or even refer to a parent,\ngrandparent or parent-in-law by their first name. Even between friends\nit is customary to use teknonyms rather than first names. Teknonyms\nwithout the addition of the word ‘(grand)parent’ may be used as a kind\nof collective term of address for a group of people, usually sharing a\nhouse. This can be used, for example, when someone standing outside the\nhouse calls to see if someone’s there, or to refer to that group of\npeople (in that case with the addition of mu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mayor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mayor\">[exe:mayor]</a>).) \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMayor mu amdir-un=ka=ta marua\nMayor <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ngarden-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nmove_seawards\n‘Mayor and associates go to their garden moving towards the sea.’\n<span id=\"exe:mayor\" label=\"exe:mayor\"></span> \n</div> \nNicknames and titles occupy the middle ground in terms of politeness. If\na nickname is honorary, such as Mayor, this may be the main term of\naddress for that person. People with an administrative function may be\naddressed according to their title (in Malay): Pak Sekretaris ‘Mister\nSecretary’ and Ibu Guru ‘Mistress Teacher’. Disabled people may also\nbe first and foremost known by their nicknames (such as a deaf-mute\nperson referred to as Toki, perhaps from kelkam toktok ‘deaf’).\nNote, however, that if a person is known to be very informal, they may\nbe primarily known by their first name, such as the often-joking father\nof three children called Malik. Self-reference is usually obtained with\na teknonym. If people utter their own given name, they usually do so\nwith a quieter voice. \nStrangers or foreigners may be both referred to and addressed with\npolite Kalamang kinship terms, preferably esnem or esa for a man,\nand emnem or ema for a women. However, terms of address from other\n(Indonesian) languages are also commonly used. A visiting man from Java\nis referred to and addressed as Mas; a Javanese woman is Mba (after the\nJavanese terms of address). A foreigner may be referred to as ‘mister’\n(pronounced mester) or ‘mistress/miss’ (misis/mis). If necessary, a\nspecification is given after the title: Mas Karamba, for example, is\nused for the Javanese men who work in the live-fish storage place called\nkaramba in Indonesian. Indonesian Bapak/Pak and Ibu can be applied to\nany stranger. The borrowing tatanina may also be used for foreign\nwomen, and was a popular term of reference and address for the\nresearcher, as well as mis(is). \nKalamang society practices kinship-based fostering, which means that\nchildren may be raised by a family member, usually one who does not have\nchildren him/herself.[^57] These children have and use the same terms of\nreference and address as biological children." } ], "index": 60, "level": "low_resource", "question": "An ibis is watching fish standing on a stone.", "split": "train" }
Ka tok kokoat arteǃ	Expel the chicken first!	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Expel the chicken first!\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Expel\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chew betel\nKalamang translation: buokbuok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Expel\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: expel\nKalamang translation: ar; eis; pasiep\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"chicken\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chicken egg\nKalamang translation: kokok narun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"chicken\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chicken\nKalamang translation: kokok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"first\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: firstborn\nKalamang translation: ma temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"first\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: first\nKalamang translation: giarun; tok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Expel\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That betel leaf that you pounded, which side is it from, from the beach?\nKalamang translation: Pulor opa ka tura me tamabadok, oskadok?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Expel\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There's an eel in the stone.\nKalamang translation: Kawarsuop yar nerunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"chicken\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The lizard ate a chicken.\nKalamang translation: Iwora ma me kokowara na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"chicken\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rustam's chicken is dead.\nKalamang translation: Rustam kokoun nalat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"first\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'll comb my hear first.\nKalamang translation: An tok nakalanat sisiret.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"first\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I don't want to go in the front, you go first.\nKalamang translation: An sukaun boraratnin, ka borarei.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:int\" label=\"sec:int\"></span> The sounds people use for\ncalling and shooing away other people or animals, as well as those used\nin other interjections, often have a phonology that diverges from the\nphonology of the rest of the language . This is also the case in\nKalamang. Some of the most common calling and shooing-away sounds are\nlisted in Table<a href=\"#tab:calling\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:calling\">4.7</a> (number of repetitions approximate\nand not fixed), and some of the most common interjections are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:interjectionsphon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:interjectionsphon\">4.8</a> on the next page. The\nlatter also gives an impression of the intonation (rising, falling, flat\nor no comment if unclear) and the pitch (high, low or no comment if\nunclear). Recordings of calling sounds are collected in the Kalamang\ncorpus at <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C4F-8>. \n<div id=\"tab:calling\"> \n\| function \| (typical) form(s) \|\n\|:--------------------\|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|\n\| call a chicken \| \\[kruː kokokokokokok\\] \|\n\| call a goat \| \\[mɛːmɛmɛmɛmɛ\\] \|\n\| call a dog \| \\[huhuhu\\], \\[oː oː oː\\] \|\n\| call a cat \| \\[puspus\\], \\[ci(ː)kacikacika\\], \\[sikasikasikasikasika\\] \|\n\| call a cassowary \| \\[luːaluːaluːaluːaluːa\\] \|\n\| shoo away an animal \| repetitions of \\[hɛsː\\], \\[həsː\\], \\[həˈsɛ(h)\\], \\[uˈsɛ(h)\\], \\[eˈsɛ(h)\\], \\[sɛ(h)\\], \\[sə(h)\\] \|\n\| call a person \| \\[uei\\] , \\[ststststst\\] \|\n\| \| \| \nCalling sounds \n</div> \n<div id=\"tab:interjectionsphon\"> \n\| function \| (typical) form(s) \| intonation \|\n\|:--------------------------\|:--------------------------------------------------------\|:-------------\|\n\| filler \| \\[a\\], \\[e\\] \| flat, low \|\n\| \| optionally lengthened or aspirated \| \|\n\| agreement \| \\[a\\], \\[aʔa\\] optionally nasalised; \| falling, low \|\n\| \| \\[mː\\], \\[mʔm\\], or a nasal central vowel; \| \|\n\| \| also \\[yo\\] or \\[ya\\] \| \|\n\| confirmation seeking \| \\[i(h)\\], \\[e(h)\\] or central vowel \| rising, high \|\n\| \| optionally aspirated or nasalised \| \|\n\| emphasis \| \\[o(ː)\\] \| flat, high \|\n\| enjoyment \| \\[hiː\\] \| flat, high \|\n\| various \| \\[e\\] \\[eh\\] \| \|\n\| pain \| \\[aˈdi(h)\\] \| high \|\n\| repair initiator \| \\[hã\\] \| rising \|\n\| contempt, dissatisfaction \| \\[aˈdi(h)\\], \\[aˈre\\], \\[di(h)\\], \\[dɛ(h)\\], \\[dei(h)\\] \| rising, low \|\n\| \| optionally lengthened \| \|\n\| contempt, dissatisfaction \| \\[inˈjːe\\] \| rising, low \|\n\| (feigned) incredulity \| \\[ja ˈaula\\] \| \|\n\| surprise, contempt \| \\[ˈemɑ\\] \| falling \|\n\| surprise \| \\[uei\\] \| high \|\n\| \| \| \| \nOther interjections \n</div> \nThese lists feature one sound that is not found elsewhere in Kalamang:\nthe glottal stop, which occurs in two of the agreement interjections.\nPhonotactically divergent is the word-final use of CC sequences (/kr/\nand /st/) and /h/. Otherwise, there is frequent use of devices that are\nnot frequent elsewhere in Kalamang: lengthening, the phoneme /h/ and\nminimal forms consisting of just a vowel. The interjection \\[ˈemɑ\\] is\nthe only word pronounced with \\[ɑ\\] (cf. ema \\[ˈema\\] ‘mother’).\nInterjections are further described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThere is no previous ethnographic research conducted on Karas or the\nKalamang-speaking community. In this section, I share my own\nethnographic observations. All fieldwork was carried out in Mas, and\nthese ethnographic remarks are based on what I observed there,\nsupplemented by a cultural questionnaire I completed in 2019 with three\npeople from Mas.[^5] I have regularly visited Antalisa during all field\ntrips, and have no reason to believe that there are substantial\ndifferences between the villages. \nThe Kalamang-speaking community is largely comprised of fishermen and\nfarmers of nutmeg. They live in two villages, each with their own\nvillage head, following Indonesian social organisation. The kinship\nsystem is patrilineal. Close relationships, outside the nuclear family,\nare maintained with parents, aunts and uncles, and cousins. Resources\nare often pooled within the extended family for large undertakings like\nbuilding a house, or expensive events like tertiary education or\nmarriage. The woman is the head of the household, and the man is mainly\nresponsible for fishing. Nutmeg farming is an extended family business.\nThe inhabitants of Mas and Antalisa are Muslims, observing many Islamic\ncustoms, though mixing them with local ones. The majority live in\nconcrete houses roughly organized around a central square containing the\nvillage mosque. There is no known art. The skills for other material\nculture, such as woven products and canoes, are still practised but are\non the verge of being superseded by purchased modern materials. \nI have knowledge of rites connected to the following life events:\npregnancy, the first time a newborn leaves the house, the child’s first\nhaircut, circumcision, prenuptial negotiations, welcoming a new wife to\nthe island, marriage, the third day of marriage, entering other people’s\nhouses for the first time (for wives from outside the island), putting\nthe roof on a house, burial and memorials of a death. The following is a\nlist of recordings in the corpus where these rites are illustrated. The\ncode is a unique corpus tag. With help of this tag, the relevant\nrecordings and supplementary material like photographs can be found in\nthe corpus. An overview of all recordings can be found in the Appendix\non page. \n- prenuptial negotiations:\n[narr2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BCF-3) \n- welcoming a new wife (Tenggelele):\n[conv8](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D) \n- marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- third day of marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- putting the roof on a house:\n[narr3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD7-2) \n- burial: [conv7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC3-B) \n- death memorials:\n[narr1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD8-4) \nI have observed first-hand all the above-mentioned rituals with three\nexceptions: the rituals relating to entering someone’s house for the\nfirst time, pregnancy, and circumcision. Consultants have described\nthese as follows. \nWhen a wife from outside the island marries a man from Mas or Antalisa,\nshe cannot enter other people’s houses before the following ritual is\nperformed. The owners of the house must spread out a white cloth from\nthe entrance of their house, via which the woman enters. After that, she\nreceives another piece of cloth (typically an industrially-made\n“sarong”, a square piece or tube of cloth that can be worn wrapped\naround the waist). \nAt six months into a woman’s first pregnancy, one of her brothers ties a\nstring of pandanus leaf around her clothed belly and cuts it with a\nknife or scissors. This string is tied around a tree, e.g. a coconut\ntree, by the father-to-be, which is a sign that this tree now belongs to\nthe brother. The name of this ritual is koramtolma (koram has no\nindependent meaning; tolma means ‘to cut a string’). \nTwo other marked events are the bathing of the child at less than three\ndays after birth, and the bathing of the mother 40 days after giving\nbirth, after which the child may come out of the house (‘see the sun’)\nfor the first time. The first feeding of the child is also around this\ntime, and is accompanied by bestowing a name upon the child (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a> about names). The name is\nchosen by an older, respected community member. The child’s first\nhaircut is a festive gathering where a brother of the mother cuts off a\nbit of the child’s first hair. Attendees give money to the parents. The\nfirst haircut was traditionally observed in earlier times, but has only\nrecently become celebrated as a festive event. \nCircumcision is practised on both boys and girls when they are around\nnine years of age. The ritual is only attended and performed by people\nof the same sex as the child(ren) to be circumcised. Male circumcision\nis the cutting of the foreskin. It is unknown what female circumcision\non Karas consists of. The ritual is typically performed for more than\none child at the same time, and with inhabitants from both Kalamang- and\nUruangnirin-speaking villages combined. It is a big festive occasion\nthat is combined with dancing in the evening, comparable to marriages. \nDances are called nasula or tarian (Indonesian tarian; menari).\nConsultants report that people used to dance together in double pairs\n(two men and two women) lead by a foreman, but this practice has\ndisappeared. People dance on their own when performing traditional\ndances. The dances are accompanied by the beating of two types of drums\n(tiri, a flat drum with hide on top, hit with the hand, and tetetas,\na tall drum with hide on the side, hit with a stick), a gong and a\nflute. During my visits, no flute was available and a recording of the\nflute was played instead, while the drums were played live. Recordings\nof drumming and dancing are available in the corpus.[^6] Contemporary\ndancing (Indonesian joget) is mainly performed by adolescents to\ncontemporary Indonesian music and often takes the form of line-dancing\nor dancing in groups where everyone performs the same movements. \nAll rituals are accompanied by Islamic prayers, recited by the imam, who\nsits in front of a tray with a glass of cigarettes, betel leaves and\nincense. The prayers are joined by the men, and sometimes also the\nwomen. Another regular feature of rituals is a shared meal or tea. For\nboth prayers and the meal, it is common that the men sit in the guest\nreception room (the most important and biggest room of the house,\nlocated at the front, Indonesian ruang tamu) and the women and\nchildren are in the back of the house, close to the kitchen. This\npractice is not always strictly observed, and especially older women may\njoin the men in the front. A meal consists at least of coffee and tea\nserved with tea sweets (various cakes and fried tubers and banana), and\noften also includes warm food (rice and several fish and meat\naccompaniments). While people sit in a big rectangle on the floor along\nthe wall, the food is served in the middle of the room in a smaller\nsquare or rectangle, typically on a cloth or a banner on the floor. Food\nis served on evenly spaced plates, from which people serve to their own\nplates. Water is served in sealed plastic cups. Very sweet coffee and\ntea is served in glasses filled to the brim as a sign of respect (this\nalso applies to serving coffee and tea at home, whereas boiled water is\nthe norm to drink and serve at home).[^7] \nThe feeding of ancestors is practised when people want to build on a new\nsite, or get rid of pain or an illness they think they have contracted\nfrom a certain place (say a root that they stumbled over). I have not\nwitnessed this, but the ritual is described by consultants as follows.\nIn the house of the traditional authority (Indonesian tokoh adat), a\nplate is prepared with bits of betel nut, betel leaf, cooked fish,\ncoconut, tobacco, root vegetables or banana, rice, black cloth, cooking\noil and an egg. Sometimes prayers are read. The tokoh adat then takes\nthe plate to the place in question, or to a small rock in the sea in\nfront of Mas village (which is said to be related to the tokoh adat’s\nancestors), and confers with the ancestors (without speaking out loud).\nFor particularly important matters, a freshly washed white chicken may\nbe brought to the place in question, where its throat is cut and its\nblood is spread. The chicken is then buried in the middle of the area\nwhere the blood was spread. \nMany people file their teeth as adolescents or young adults. It is\nunknown why. Tattoos and piercings are not allowed, but reports tattoos\non the chest and scarifications of crosses on the arms and shoulders.\nOne consultant says body paint was used in former times during war and\nhongi raids. Men wear their hair short and women long. Most people go\nbareheaded, but cover their heads on formal and religious occasions.\nPeople wear contemporary Indonesian attire. On formal, festive and\nreligious occasions this means a sarong, shirt and black cap (Indonesian\nsongkok) for men, and a sarong, blouse (Indonesian kebaya) and\nheadcloth for women. While some of the older women wear headcloths that\nonly cover the hair, most younger women choose to wear a tight-fitting\nhijab. \nThe main religion in Mas and Antalisa is Islam. While daily prayers\nafter sunset are only attended by a handful of pious men in Mas, the\nmidday Friday prayers are attended by most men and boys. Women are\nhardly seen in the mosque. Most children take lessons in learning to\nread Arabic and recite prayers for several years. Gatherings for\nblessing prayers (Indonesian doa selamat) are very common, and are\nheld for blessing e.g. new boats, children who are about to take an\nexam, people who are about to set off on a long journey, etc. Although\nthere are many wild pigs on Karas, no one eats pork. On Thursdays in the\nlate afternoon, prayers for the dead are recited in several homes, after\nwhich a visit to the graves is paid. \nIslam probably arrived on the island around the time when it fell under\nthe sultanate of Tidore, which existed from 1450 to 1904. J.C. Keyts,\nwho visited the Karas Islands in 1678, describes the inhabitants as\nheathens . In 1872, when J.G. Coorengel visited, the inhabitants of at\nleast Faor are described as Muslims . There might have been an\nin-between stage when only leaders were converted . The oldest people in\nMas confirm that their grandparents were Muslims as well. The Islamic\nreligion, as in many places in Indonesia, is mixed with local customs .\nAn example of this are the small offerings that accompany prayer\nrecital, usually in the form of betel nuts, cigarettes, betel leaves and\nsometimes pastries. \nKalamang people residing on the island have two main sources of income:\nfishing and the production of nutmeg and mace (from Myristica\nargentea). While some people have small businesses selling their fish\nin Fakfak on an irregular basis, most people sell their fish to a\nBalinese trading company that has a storage place for live fish floating\nin the water close to Antalisa or Mas . Species sold are groupers\n(Plectropomus leopardus, areolatus, maculatus and oligacanthus,\nCromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and mixed groupers,\naccording to ) and lobsters (Panulirus versicolor). Different kinds of\ndried trepang (species unknown) are sold in Fakfak. Kalamang people may\nfish anywhere in Karas district waters, although people have their\npreferred spots for finding certain fish. People may set up temporary\ncamps on beaches close to lobster-diving places, to collect lobsters\nover several days before selling. A semi-permanent camp, where people\nmay reside for up to several months, is Timi Nepnep in the southern part\nof Sebakor Bay (on the New Guinea mainland). Outsiders who want to fish\nin Karas waters[^8] must ask permission from one of the village heads. \nNutmeg and mace are planted in family gardens behind the white sand\nbeaches on the big Karas island. These gardens are inherited by the\neldest son, who must divide the land among the siblings, though men\ninherit more than women. One may only harvest one’s own nutmeg. Nutmeg\nand mace are sold to traders in Fakfak, the regency capital. Between\ntheir nutmeg plantations and the white sand beaches, people plant\ncoconut trees. These are mainly harvested for personal use. People also\nuse their land to source firewood and collect wild edible things such as\nTahitian chestnuts (Inocarpus fagifer). Some people have a vegetable\ngarden which may or may not be on the same beach as their nutmeg\nplantation. This is for personal use or to sell produce on a small scale\nto people in the village. The crops planted in gardens are typically\nmaize, tomato, aubergine, beans, root vegetables, several banana species\nand various leafy greens. The gardens are usually kept by couples. \nBesides a health station (Indonesian puskesmas), a community building\nand a mosque, both Mas and Antalisa have a primary school with six\ngrades. In Mas, the head of the school is currently a civil servant\ndeployed from his native Sulawesi. A group of two to four teachers,\nmostly local people, teach in the three classrooms. For junior high,\nchildren move to Malakuli or Fakfak. Although the official statistics\nfor Fakfak regency report a 99% school participation level, I estimate\nthe level to be a little lower, at least in Mas, where several children\nwere out of school during my visits. Those people who complete higher\neducation move to work in the district capital Malakuli, in Fakfak, or\nelsewhere in Indonesia. The only Karas-born person with higher education\nliving in Mas is one of the school teachers. \nChildren’s work consists of small jobs like getting water from the well,\nsweeping the floor and, for girls, washing clothes. Line fishing from\nthe dock is a common activity for both boys and girls, as well as female\nadolescents. Adolescent boys join their fathers fishing and diving.\nWomen may also join their husbands to assist in fishing and diving, and\nmay also be seen fishing from the dock at night, fishing from small\npaddle canoes, or searching for shells at low tide. Night fishing at low\ntide seems to be a men’s activity. Other men’s tasks are constructing\nhouses, repairing machines, maintaining canoes and chopping firewood.\nWomen are responsible for cleaning, cooking, gardening and washing.\nHandicrafts such as weaving baskets and mats are also practised by\nwomen, but many of the women under 40 no longer have these skills, as\ncheap plastic replacements for these items are now available. In the\nnutmeg plantations much of the work is joint, although it is the men who\nclimb the trees to pluck the nutmeg (with the help of a bamboo stick\nwith a barb on it), while the women gather the fruits on the ground and\nsplit them open. \nAlthough some of the rituals described earlier seem to suggest that\nKalamang society has a custom of marrying women and not men from outside\nthe island, both variants of exogamy are currently practised. Kalamang\npeople have intermarried with people from Java, the Moluccas (especially\nGorom), Sulawesi (especially Bugis and Muna) and closer islands such as\nthe Kei islands and the other Karas Islands. This process has been going\non for at least several decades, with one of my oldest consultants\nhaving a Buginese father. The reason many partners come from the same\nareas in Indonesia is that these people may suggest new partners from\ntheir home town for Kalamang people looking for a suitable partner.\nEndogamy is also allowed and, judging from the different terms for\ncross-cousins (korapmur, who can be married), and parallel cousins\n(dudanmur, who count as siblings and cannot be married) this has also\nbeen tradition. Polygamy is permitted but is not currently practised.\nBridewealth must be paid by the groom’s side to the bride’s side. This\nmay range from several million rupiah to several dozen million rupiah,\ndepending on the wealth of the family and status of the people to be\nmarried. A village marriage usually does not involve more than 10\nmillion rupiah (approximately € 600), but the bridewealth for a city\nmarriage between high earners with high-status jobs (such as civil\nservant or business owner) may approach 100 million rupiah\n(approximately € 6000). It is mainly the bride’s family’s responsibility\nto organise and pay for the wedding, but the groom’s family may help\nwith this as well. \nPeople live in large concrete or (increasingly rare) wooden houses with\none or sometimes two nuclear families, often accompanied by\n(grand)parents and sometimes unmarried siblings of the parents. It is\nalso common to live together with an adopted child if one is childless\n(typically the child of a sibling of the caretaker) or if the child is\nan orphan. Nieces and nephews are considered children by their aunts and\nuncles. Aunts and uncles of the same sex as the parent (mother’s sisters\nand father’s brothers) are called ema and esa, respectively, the\nsame word as used for ‘mother’ and ‘father’. The Kalamang kinship system\nis similar to an Iroquois kinship system (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a> for details). Everyone\nhas a surname. There are five surnames considered indigenous in Mas:\nGusek, Yarkuran, Yorkuran, Yorre and Wambur. People feel connected to\npeople with the same surname. Surnames are inherited from the father.\nMore information about kinship terms and terms of address can be found\nin §<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Expel the chicken first!\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Ka tok kokoat arteǃ", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Ka tok kokoat arteǃ", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Phonetics, phonology and morphophonology", "Header 2": "The phonology of interjections", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:int\" label=\"sec:int\"></span> The sounds people use for\ncalling and shooing away other people or animals, as well as those used\nin other interjections, often have a phonology that diverges from the\nphonology of the rest of the language . This is also the case in\nKalamang. Some of the most common calling and shooing-away sounds are\nlisted in Table<a href=\"#tab:calling\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:calling\">4.7</a> (number of repetitions approximate\nand not fixed), and some of the most common interjections are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:interjectionsphon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:interjectionsphon\">4.8</a> on the next page. The\nlatter also gives an impression of the intonation (rising, falling, flat\nor no comment if unclear) and the pitch (high, low or no comment if\nunclear). Recordings of calling sounds are collected in the Kalamang\ncorpus at <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C4F-8>. \n<div id=\"tab:calling\"> \n\| function \| (typical) form(s) \|\n\|:--------------------\|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|\n\| call a chicken \| \\[kruː kokokokokokok\\] \|\n\| call a goat \| \\[mɛːmɛmɛmɛmɛ\\] \|\n\| call a dog \| \\[huhuhu\\], \\[oː oː oː\\] \|\n\| call a cat \| \\[puspus\\], \\[ci(ː)kacikacika\\], \\[sikasikasikasikasika\\] \|\n\| call a cassowary \| \\[luːaluːaluːaluːaluːa\\] \|\n\| shoo away an animal \| repetitions of \\[hɛsː\\], \\[həsː\\], \\[həˈsɛ(h)\\], \\[uˈsɛ(h)\\], \\[eˈsɛ(h)\\], \\[sɛ(h)\\], \\[sə(h)\\] \|\n\| call a person \| \\[uei\\] , \\[ststststst\\] \|\n\| \| \| \nCalling sounds \n</div> \n<div id=\"tab:interjectionsphon\"> \n\| function \| (typical) form(s) \| intonation \|\n\|:--------------------------\|:--------------------------------------------------------\|:-------------\|\n\| filler \| \\[a\\], \\[e\\] \| flat, low \|\n\| \| optionally lengthened or aspirated \| \|\n\| agreement \| \\[a\\], \\[aʔa\\] optionally nasalised; \| falling, low \|\n\| \| \\[mː\\], \\[mʔm\\], or a nasal central vowel; \| \|\n\| \| also \\[yo\\] or \\[ya\\] \| \|\n\| confirmation seeking \| \\[i(h)\\], \\[e(h)\\] or central vowel \| rising, high \|\n\| \| optionally aspirated or nasalised \| \|\n\| emphasis \| \\[o(ː)\\] \| flat, high \|\n\| enjoyment \| \\[hiː\\] \| flat, high \|\n\| various \| \\[e\\] \\[eh\\] \| \|\n\| pain \| \\[aˈdi(h)\\] \| high \|\n\| repair initiator \| \\[hã\\] \| rising \|\n\| contempt, dissatisfaction \| \\[aˈdi(h)\\], \\[aˈre\\], \\[di(h)\\], \\[dɛ(h)\\], \\[dei(h)\\] \| rising, low \|\n\| \| optionally lengthened \| \|\n\| contempt, dissatisfaction \| \\[inˈjːe\\] \| rising, low \|\n\| (feigned) incredulity \| \\[ja ˈaula\\] \| \|\n\| surprise, contempt \| \\[ˈemɑ\\] \| falling \|\n\| surprise \| \\[uei\\] \| high \|\n\| \| \| \| \nOther interjections \n</div> \nThese lists feature one sound that is not found elsewhere in Kalamang:\nthe glottal stop, which occurs in two of the agreement interjections.\nPhonotactically divergent is the word-final use of CC sequences (/kr/\nand /st/) and /h/. Otherwise, there is frequent use of devices that are\nnot frequent elsewhere in Kalamang: lengthening, the phoneme /h/ and\nminimal forms consisting of just a vowel. The interjection \\[ˈemɑ\\] is\nthe only word pronounced with \\[ɑ\\] (cf. ema \\[ˈema\\] ‘mother’).\nInterjections are further described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "Ethnographic and socio-economic remarks", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "There is no previous ethnographic research conducted on Karas or the\nKalamang-speaking community. In this section, I share my own\nethnographic observations. All fieldwork was carried out in Mas, and\nthese ethnographic remarks are based on what I observed there,\nsupplemented by a cultural questionnaire I completed in 2019 with three\npeople from Mas.[^5] I have regularly visited Antalisa during all field\ntrips, and have no reason to believe that there are substantial\ndifferences between the villages. \nThe Kalamang-speaking community is largely comprised of fishermen and\nfarmers of nutmeg. They live in two villages, each with their own\nvillage head, following Indonesian social organisation. The kinship\nsystem is patrilineal. Close relationships, outside the nuclear family,\nare maintained with parents, aunts and uncles, and cousins. Resources\nare often pooled within the extended family for large undertakings like\nbuilding a house, or expensive events like tertiary education or\nmarriage. The woman is the head of the household, and the man is mainly\nresponsible for fishing. Nutmeg farming is an extended family business.\nThe inhabitants of Mas and Antalisa are Muslims, observing many Islamic\ncustoms, though mixing them with local ones. The majority live in\nconcrete houses roughly organized around a central square containing the\nvillage mosque. There is no known art. The skills for other material\nculture, such as woven products and canoes, are still practised but are\non the verge of being superseded by purchased modern materials. \nI have knowledge of rites connected to the following life events:\npregnancy, the first time a newborn leaves the house, the child’s first\nhaircut, circumcision, prenuptial negotiations, welcoming a new wife to\nthe island, marriage, the third day of marriage, entering other people’s\nhouses for the first time (for wives from outside the island), putting\nthe roof on a house, burial and memorials of a death. The following is a\nlist of recordings in the corpus where these rites are illustrated. The\ncode is a unique corpus tag. With help of this tag, the relevant\nrecordings and supplementary material like photographs can be found in\nthe corpus. An overview of all recordings can be found in the Appendix\non page. \n- prenuptial negotiations:\n[narr2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BCF-3) \n- welcoming a new wife (Tenggelele):\n[conv8](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D) \n- marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- third day of marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- putting the roof on a house:\n[narr3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD7-2) \n- burial: [conv7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC3-B) \n- death memorials:\n[narr1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD8-4) \nI have observed first-hand all the above-mentioned rituals with three\nexceptions: the rituals relating to entering someone’s house for the\nfirst time, pregnancy, and circumcision. Consultants have described\nthese as follows. \nWhen a wife from outside the island marries a man from Mas or Antalisa,\nshe cannot enter other people’s houses before the following ritual is\nperformed. The owners of the house must spread out a white cloth from\nthe entrance of their house, via which the woman enters. After that, she\nreceives another piece of cloth (typically an industrially-made\n“sarong”, a square piece or tube of cloth that can be worn wrapped\naround the waist). \nAt six months into a woman’s first pregnancy, one of her brothers ties a\nstring of pandanus leaf around her clothed belly and cuts it with a\nknife or scissors. This string is tied around a tree, e.g. a coconut\ntree, by the father-to-be, which is a sign that this tree now belongs to\nthe brother. The name of this ritual is koramtolma (koram has no\nindependent meaning; tolma means ‘to cut a string’). \nTwo other marked events are the bathing of the child at less than three\ndays after birth, and the bathing of the mother 40 days after giving\nbirth, after which the child may come out of the house (‘see the sun’)\nfor the first time. The first feeding of the child is also around this\ntime, and is accompanied by bestowing a name upon the child (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a> about names). The name is\nchosen by an older, respected community member. The child’s first\nhaircut is a festive gathering where a brother of the mother cuts off a\nbit of the child’s first hair. Attendees give money to the parents. The\nfirst haircut was traditionally observed in earlier times, but has only\nrecently become celebrated as a festive event. \nCircumcision is practised on both boys and girls when they are around\nnine years of age. The ritual is only attended and performed by people\nof the same sex as the child(ren) to be circumcised. Male circumcision\nis the cutting of the foreskin. It is unknown what female circumcision\non Karas consists of. The ritual is typically performed for more than\none child at the same time, and with inhabitants from both Kalamang- and\nUruangnirin-speaking villages combined. It is a big festive occasion\nthat is combined with dancing in the evening, comparable to marriages. \nDances are called nasula or tarian (Indonesian tarian; menari).\nConsultants report that people used to dance together in double pairs\n(two men and two women) lead by a foreman, but this practice has\ndisappeared. People dance on their own when performing traditional\ndances. The dances are accompanied by the beating of two types of drums\n(tiri, a flat drum with hide on top, hit with the hand, and tetetas,\na tall drum with hide on the side, hit with a stick), a gong and a\nflute. During my visits, no flute was available and a recording of the\nflute was played instead, while the drums were played live. Recordings\nof drumming and dancing are available in the corpus.[^6] Contemporary\ndancing (Indonesian joget) is mainly performed by adolescents to\ncontemporary Indonesian music and often takes the form of line-dancing\nor dancing in groups where everyone performs the same movements. \nAll rituals are accompanied by Islamic prayers, recited by the imam, who\nsits in front of a tray with a glass of cigarettes, betel leaves and\nincense. The prayers are joined by the men, and sometimes also the\nwomen. Another regular feature of rituals is a shared meal or tea. For\nboth prayers and the meal, it is common that the men sit in the guest\nreception room (the most important and biggest room of the house,\nlocated at the front, Indonesian ruang tamu) and the women and\nchildren are in the back of the house, close to the kitchen. This\npractice is not always strictly observed, and especially older women may\njoin the men in the front. A meal consists at least of coffee and tea\nserved with tea sweets (various cakes and fried tubers and banana), and\noften also includes warm food (rice and several fish and meat\naccompaniments). While people sit in a big rectangle on the floor along\nthe wall, the food is served in the middle of the room in a smaller\nsquare or rectangle, typically on a cloth or a banner on the floor. Food\nis served on evenly spaced plates, from which people serve to their own\nplates. Water is served in sealed plastic cups. Very sweet coffee and\ntea is served in glasses filled to the brim as a sign of respect (this\nalso applies to serving coffee and tea at home, whereas boiled water is\nthe norm to drink and serve at home).[^7] \nThe feeding of ancestors is practised when people want to build on a new\nsite, or get rid of pain or an illness they think they have contracted\nfrom a certain place (say a root that they stumbled over). I have not\nwitnessed this, but the ritual is described by consultants as follows.\nIn the house of the traditional authority (Indonesian tokoh adat), a\nplate is prepared with bits of betel nut, betel leaf, cooked fish,\ncoconut, tobacco, root vegetables or banana, rice, black cloth, cooking\noil and an egg. Sometimes prayers are read. The tokoh adat then takes\nthe plate to the place in question, or to a small rock in the sea in\nfront of Mas village (which is said to be related to the tokoh adat’s\nancestors), and confers with the ancestors (without speaking out loud).\nFor particularly important matters, a freshly washed white chicken may\nbe brought to the place in question, where its throat is cut and its\nblood is spread. The chicken is then buried in the middle of the area\nwhere the blood was spread. \nMany people file their teeth as adolescents or young adults. It is\nunknown why. Tattoos and piercings are not allowed, but reports tattoos\non the chest and scarifications of crosses on the arms and shoulders.\nOne consultant says body paint was used in former times during war and\nhongi raids. Men wear their hair short and women long. Most people go\nbareheaded, but cover their heads on formal and religious occasions.\nPeople wear contemporary Indonesian attire. On formal, festive and\nreligious occasions this means a sarong, shirt and black cap (Indonesian\nsongkok) for men, and a sarong, blouse (Indonesian kebaya) and\nheadcloth for women. While some of the older women wear headcloths that\nonly cover the hair, most younger women choose to wear a tight-fitting\nhijab. \nThe main religion in Mas and Antalisa is Islam. While daily prayers\nafter sunset are only attended by a handful of pious men in Mas, the\nmidday Friday prayers are attended by most men and boys. Women are\nhardly seen in the mosque. Most children take lessons in learning to\nread Arabic and recite prayers for several years. Gatherings for\nblessing prayers (Indonesian doa selamat) are very common, and are\nheld for blessing e.g. new boats, children who are about to take an\nexam, people who are about to set off on a long journey, etc. Although\nthere are many wild pigs on Karas, no one eats pork. On Thursdays in the\nlate afternoon, prayers for the dead are recited in several homes, after\nwhich a visit to the graves is paid. \nIslam probably arrived on the island around the time when it fell under\nthe sultanate of Tidore, which existed from 1450 to 1904. J.C. Keyts,\nwho visited the Karas Islands in 1678, describes the inhabitants as\nheathens . In 1872, when J.G. Coorengel visited, the inhabitants of at\nleast Faor are described as Muslims . There might have been an\nin-between stage when only leaders were converted . The oldest people in\nMas confirm that their grandparents were Muslims as well. The Islamic\nreligion, as in many places in Indonesia, is mixed with local customs .\nAn example of this are the small offerings that accompany prayer\nrecital, usually in the form of betel nuts, cigarettes, betel leaves and\nsometimes pastries. \nKalamang people residing on the island have two main sources of income:\nfishing and the production of nutmeg and mace (from Myristica\nargentea). While some people have small businesses selling their fish\nin Fakfak on an irregular basis, most people sell their fish to a\nBalinese trading company that has a storage place for live fish floating\nin the water close to Antalisa or Mas . Species sold are groupers\n(Plectropomus leopardus, areolatus, maculatus and oligacanthus,\nCromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and mixed groupers,\naccording to ) and lobsters (Panulirus versicolor). Different kinds of\ndried trepang (species unknown) are sold in Fakfak. Kalamang people may\nfish anywhere in Karas district waters, although people have their\npreferred spots for finding certain fish. People may set up temporary\ncamps on beaches close to lobster-diving places, to collect lobsters\nover several days before selling. A semi-permanent camp, where people\nmay reside for up to several months, is Timi Nepnep in the southern part\nof Sebakor Bay (on the New Guinea mainland). Outsiders who want to fish\nin Karas waters[^8] must ask permission from one of the village heads. \nNutmeg and mace are planted in family gardens behind the white sand\nbeaches on the big Karas island. These gardens are inherited by the\neldest son, who must divide the land among the siblings, though men\ninherit more than women. One may only harvest one’s own nutmeg. Nutmeg\nand mace are sold to traders in Fakfak, the regency capital. Between\ntheir nutmeg plantations and the white sand beaches, people plant\ncoconut trees. These are mainly harvested for personal use. People also\nuse their land to source firewood and collect wild edible things such as\nTahitian chestnuts (Inocarpus fagifer). Some people have a vegetable\ngarden which may or may not be on the same beach as their nutmeg\nplantation. This is for personal use or to sell produce on a small scale\nto people in the village. The crops planted in gardens are typically\nmaize, tomato, aubergine, beans, root vegetables, several banana species\nand various leafy greens. The gardens are usually kept by couples. \nBesides a health station (Indonesian puskesmas), a community building\nand a mosque, both Mas and Antalisa have a primary school with six\ngrades. In Mas, the head of the school is currently a civil servant\ndeployed from his native Sulawesi. A group of two to four teachers,\nmostly local people, teach in the three classrooms. For junior high,\nchildren move to Malakuli or Fakfak. Although the official statistics\nfor Fakfak regency report a 99% school participation level, I estimate\nthe level to be a little lower, at least in Mas, where several children\nwere out of school during my visits. Those people who complete higher\neducation move to work in the district capital Malakuli, in Fakfak, or\nelsewhere in Indonesia. The only Karas-born person with higher education\nliving in Mas is one of the school teachers. \nChildren’s work consists of small jobs like getting water from the well,\nsweeping the floor and, for girls, washing clothes. Line fishing from\nthe dock is a common activity for both boys and girls, as well as female\nadolescents. Adolescent boys join their fathers fishing and diving.\nWomen may also join their husbands to assist in fishing and diving, and\nmay also be seen fishing from the dock at night, fishing from small\npaddle canoes, or searching for shells at low tide. Night fishing at low\ntide seems to be a men’s activity. Other men’s tasks are constructing\nhouses, repairing machines, maintaining canoes and chopping firewood.\nWomen are responsible for cleaning, cooking, gardening and washing.\nHandicrafts such as weaving baskets and mats are also practised by\nwomen, but many of the women under 40 no longer have these skills, as\ncheap plastic replacements for these items are now available. In the\nnutmeg plantations much of the work is joint, although it is the men who\nclimb the trees to pluck the nutmeg (with the help of a bamboo stick\nwith a barb on it), while the women gather the fruits on the ground and\nsplit them open. \nAlthough some of the rituals described earlier seem to suggest that\nKalamang society has a custom of marrying women and not men from outside\nthe island, both variants of exogamy are currently practised. Kalamang\npeople have intermarried with people from Java, the Moluccas (especially\nGorom), Sulawesi (especially Bugis and Muna) and closer islands such as\nthe Kei islands and the other Karas Islands. This process has been going\non for at least several decades, with one of my oldest consultants\nhaving a Buginese father. The reason many partners come from the same\nareas in Indonesia is that these people may suggest new partners from\ntheir home town for Kalamang people looking for a suitable partner.\nEndogamy is also allowed and, judging from the different terms for\ncross-cousins (korapmur, who can be married), and parallel cousins\n(dudanmur, who count as siblings and cannot be married) this has also\nbeen tradition. Polygamy is permitted but is not currently practised.\nBridewealth must be paid by the groom’s side to the bride’s side. This\nmay range from several million rupiah to several dozen million rupiah,\ndepending on the wealth of the family and status of the people to be\nmarried. A village marriage usually does not involve more than 10\nmillion rupiah (approximately € 600), but the bridewealth for a city\nmarriage between high earners with high-status jobs (such as civil\nservant or business owner) may approach 100 million rupiah\n(approximately € 6000). It is mainly the bride’s family’s responsibility\nto organise and pay for the wedding, but the groom’s family may help\nwith this as well. \nPeople live in large concrete or (increasingly rare) wooden houses with\none or sometimes two nuclear families, often accompanied by\n(grand)parents and sometimes unmarried siblings of the parents. It is\nalso common to live together with an adopted child if one is childless\n(typically the child of a sibling of the caretaker) or if the child is\nan orphan. Nieces and nephews are considered children by their aunts and\nuncles. Aunts and uncles of the same sex as the parent (mother’s sisters\nand father’s brothers) are called ema and esa, respectively, the\nsame word as used for ‘mother’ and ‘father’. The Kalamang kinship system\nis similar to an Iroquois kinship system (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a> for details). Everyone\nhas a surname. There are five surnames considered indigenous in Mas:\nGusek, Yarkuran, Yorkuran, Yorre and Wambur. People feel connected to\npeople with the same surname. Surnames are inherited from the father.\nMore information about kinship terms and terms of address can be found\nin §<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>." } ], "index": 61, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Expel the chicken first!", "split": "train" }
Suci Inayat nawas.	Suci carries Inaya.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Suci carries Inaya.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Suci\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pluck\nKalamang translation: parua\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Suci\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Sunday\nKalamang translation: hari minggu; minggu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"carries\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: carry living being on back\nKalamang translation: poup\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"carries\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: carry on shoulders\nKalamang translation: lebaleba\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Inaya\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Inaya\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: papaya\nKalamang translation: polkayak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Suci\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Suci's mother blows the fire, her fire is about to die out.\nKalamang translation: Suci emun dinkou, dinun nalatkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Suci\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Suci's mother has a headache.\nKalamang translation: Suci emun nakal ning deba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"carries\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Onin's father is carryin nutmegs.\nKalamang translation: Onin esun sayangara lebaleba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"carries\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Grandfather Nostal splits planks, La Deka carries them on his shoulder.\nKalamang translation: Tata Nostala pawanat parair La Deka bitko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Inaya\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: In the late afternoon it rained.\nKalamang translation: Go ginggirta kalis se our.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Inaya\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We scrape the papaya stem.\nKalamang translation: In polkayak arunat kowaren.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nFar distal owa is prototypically used for referents that are\nrelatively very far away from the speaker and the listener. It is mostly\nused when referring to places across landscape, e.g. the next beach,\nbehind the mountain, another city, the other side of the island, the\nother side of the country. This results in owa typically, but not\nnecessarily, being used for invisible referents. In the recordings from\na round trip around the biggest Karas island, speakers tend to use owa\nfor singling out landscape features that are not only somewhat distant,\nbut also have another landscape feature in between.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:owane\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:owane\">[exe:owane]</a>), the speaker points at Yar\nPoskon, a cape 100 metres away, while sailing past another cape which is\nfollowed by a beach and Yar Poskon. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nYar Poskon=a owane\nYar Poskon=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">fdist</span>\n‘Yar Poskon is over there!’ <span id=\"exe:owane\"\nlabel=\"exe:owane\"></span> \n</div> \nIn about half of the corpus instances (23 out of 47), owa carries a\nlative or locative postposition. This is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ruomun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ruomun\">[exe:ruomun]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:belada\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:belada\">[exe:belada]</a>). The principles are the\nsame: owatko and owangga are used to refer across landscape. The\nreferent may be close, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kol\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kol\">[exe:kol]</a>), where the location referred to\nis right outside the house, or in another country, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:belada\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:belada\">[exe:belada]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nra Pebis Ruomun owangga in=at nawaruok\ngo Pebis Ruomun <span class=\"smallcaps\">fdist.lat</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=obj</span> unload\n‘\\[You want to\\] go to Pebis Ruomun over there and drop us off?’\n<span id=\"exe:ruomun\" label=\"exe:ruomun\"></span> bo kol owatko\nwar=te\ngo outside over_there fish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘Go fish outside over there!’ <span id=\"exe:kol\" label=\"exe:kol\"></span>\nBeladar-leng owatko\nNetherlands-village over_there\n‘In the Dutch village over there.’ <span id=\"exe:belada\"\nlabel=\"exe:belada\"></span> \n</div> \nOne corpus example of owa (in its variant owane) is used on a much\nsmaller scale: a table top in a picture-matching task. During this task,\nthe director could see the matcher’s pictures, and directed him to the\ncorrect picture by explaining the position of the card with the picture\non the tabletop. The director\nutters(<a href=\"#exe:elakdok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:elakdok\">[exe:elakdok]</a>). Owane is used to\nindicate that the picture is at the far extreme of the tabletop, far\naway from the speaker (and the addressee) as compared to the other\npictures. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nelak-kadok tua elak-kadok siun-kadok owane\nbottom-side old_man bottom-side edge-side\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">fdist</span>\n‘Down there, Tua, down there, at the edge over there.’\n<span id=\"exe:elakdok\" label=\"exe:elakdok\"></span> \n</div> \nThe video still in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:elakdok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:elakdok\">11.2</a> shows the moment the director (on\nthe left) utters elak-kadok for the second time. The matcher is still\nlooking for the right picture, hovering his finger. The picture that the\ndirector is referring to is marked in the figure with an arrow in the\nfigure. \n<figure id=\"fig:elakdok\">\n<img src=\"Images/elakdok\" style=\"width:80.0%\" />\n<figcaption>Directing to <em>owane</em> <span\nclass=\"smallcaps\">fdist</span></figcaption>\n</figure>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"ch:maps\" label=\"ch:maps\"></span>\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnarrnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">23.1</a> displays those names\nmentioned in the traditional narratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>).\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnames\">23.2</a> shows all recorded coastal\nnames of the big Karas island, and a few additional place names. For a\nbigger version, zoom in on the digital version of this page, or download\nthe map from the Kalamang archive.[^104] \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names_narratives.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Place names of Karas mentioned in traditional\nnarratives</figcaption>\n</figure> \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Coastal place names of Karas</figcaption>\n</figure> \n[^1]: Data taken from the 2018 and 2019 publications of Statistik Daerah\nKabupaten Fakfak \\[Statistics Fakfak Regency Area\\], published by\nthe Badan Pusat Statistik Daerah Fakfak \\[Central Bureau of\nStatistics Fakfak Area\\]. Publications can be found at\n<https://fakfakkab.bps.go.id/publication.html>. \n[^2]: This map seems to be an unpublished draft, but is for example used\nin . \n[^3]: (Sub)grouping in this paragraph according to Glottolog. \n[^4]: Data on the map (series 1501, sheet SA 53-13, edition 1) comes\nfrom the years 1956-1960. \n[^5]: Archived at <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF4-4> \n[^6]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFB-1> \n[^7]: Recordings of prayers can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF7-4>,\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D> and\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6>. Picture\nmaterial of shared meals is available at the last two links. \n[^8]: These comprise the water in Sebakor Bay, extending southwards at\nleast as far as Kitikiti waterfall (3°50’25.7\"S 132°47’57.5\"E). I do\nnot know if the waters west of the biggest Karas island belong to\nKaras district, or if the water is divided between the\nKalamang-speaking and Uruangnirin-speaking communities. \n[^9]: Of whom at least one has passed away since. \n[^10]: This was operationalised in Indonesian as lancar; yang tahu\nbahasa bagus sekali and kurang lancar; yang masih pikir-pikir. \n[^11]: While there is obviously a cline in proficiency from fluent to\nnon-fluent to minimal, it was no matter of discussion for my two\nconsultants whom to include as fluent and non-fluent speakers, and\nwhom to exclude from the speaker count. \n[^12]: The only instance where I have noticed people showing off with\nKalamang is when in public places in Fakfak with me, but it is used\nto trick others into believing that they are speaking English with\nme. \n[^13]: Kapaur in . \n[^14]: Patimuni in . In other sources spelled as Bah(a)am or Mbahaam. \n[^15]: explain well how the descriptive linguist both informs and is\ninformed by typology and formal linguistics. I can only hope I have\nstruck the right balance. \n[^16]: Audio recordings for phonetic analysis and of paradigms, made in\n2015, contain the voices of four other (partial) speakers. Their\nmetadata can be found in the corpus. \n[^17]: Other people to whom gifts were extended are my hosts in Fakfak\nand Mas, the village head of Mas, my local aunts, uncles and\ngrandmother, and other people with whom I maintained a personal\nrelationship. \n[^18]: The corpus, called The Kalamang collection: an archive of\nlinguistic and cultural material from Karas can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^19]: A fifth field trip was planned for 2020 but had to be cancelled\ndue to COVID-19. Luckily, I had enough data to finish the current\nstudy. Things that I had planned for the last field trip included\ndouble-checking the transcriptions of recordings made in 2019,\ndouble-checking all the examples used in this study, double-checking\nsome lemmas in the dictionary, collecting more pictures for the\ndictionary, recording audio samples of all lemmas, collecting\nrecordings of more genres (such as making offerings, ghost stories,\nand action camera recordings of people in their gardens and loading\na canoe), collecting supplementary grammaticality judgements on\nvarious topics (such as the apprehensive construction, classifiers,\npossessive constructions, prosody, quantifiers and reflexives) and\ncarrying out ethnobotanic/linguistic fieldwork in collaboration with\nan MA student in ethnobotany. \n[^20]: A breath group is what the speaker manages to say between two\nbreaths, and is a convenient way to divide utterances. This division\nwas not strictly followed. Sometimes people would pause without\nbreathing – for example at the end of a non-final clause. Some\nspeakers had a habit of uttering very long stretches of speech,\nseemingly without breathing. These stretches were divided wherever\nit seemed practical to do so during the transcription. \n[^21]: Transcribed recordings are archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^22]: Annotated elicited data is archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A>. \n[^23]: While I do think that there are differences in style and\nnaturalness between the three categories stimulus-based, narrative\nand conversations, I have not actually investigated this. Also, the\ncategories are not clear-cut. The stimulus-based recordings\nobviously can be narratives or conversations, conversations may\ncontain stretches of narrative, narratives may contain a short\nconversation with a passer-by, etc. This classification is just one\nway to give the reader at least some degree of context when reading\nan example. \n[^24]: Defined in as “connected naturally occurring utterance\\[s\\]”. \n[^25]: Some of it can be found in the conversations between Fajaria\nYarkuran and Nurmia Yarkuran (conv9–11, conv13–16), which are\ninterrupted by children entering the room. Some speakers also\naddress the linguist in an opening and a closing of a narrative in\nPapuan Malay (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>). Note that code switching\nbetween Kalamang and Papuan Malay without a change of audience,\ntypically for just a few words at a time, is very common and occurs\nin all recordings. \n[^26]: One song, Loflof, can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF9-5>, and the\nnarratives narr18 and narr19 contain short songs. The ritual chant\ntenggelele can be found in conv8. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:formula\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:formula\">[sec:formula]</a>. \n[^27]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^28]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^29]: These can currently be found at\n<https://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/representations/gloss/index.php?open=../../../../../includes/gramm_category_labels.inc>. \n[^30]: According to . I do not have access to the original report. \n[^31]: In fact, if one takes into account the WALS features and\nlanguages, the Papuan languages do not stand apart from the rest of\nthe world’s languages at all . \n[^32]: : “\\[W\\]e define East Nusantara as a geographical area that\nextends from Sumbawa to the west, across the islands of East Nusa\nTenggara, Maluku including Halmahera, and to the Bird’s Head of New\nGuinea in the east \\[...\\]. In the northwest, the area is bounded by\nSulawesi.” \n[^33]: Melanesia, based on the features considered in , “begins in the\narea of Flores-Sumba-Timor, reaches through New Guinea and into the\nBismarck Archipelago, and concludes in Vanuatu-New Caledonia”\n(p.122). Linguistic Wallacea is similar to East Nusantara.\nLinguistic Wallacea differs from Biological Wallacea in that the\nformer does not include Sulawesi and the latter does not include any\nparts of New Guinea. \n[^34]: Voiced stops do not occur syllable-finally, also not as\nunderlying phonemes. The voiceless stops that are syllable-final are\nso also underlyingly. \n[^35]: As counted in April 2019. \n[^36]: Timothy Usher (p.c.) suggests that this is the case because it\nderives historically from a longer form \\kinV. \n[^37]: Note that this is an intonational* pitch accent, not to be\nconfounded with lexical tones. \n[^38]: I checked 96 Papuan grammars and grammar sketches in 2018. Of\nthese, 29 make some mention of intonation, ranging from a brief\nmention in the chapter on discourse structuring to a number or arrow\nsystem to describe intonation created by the author of the grammar.\nOf these 29, only five grammars include pitch contours. Of those\nfive, only three have pitch contours generated with help of\nsoftware. Those three languages are described here. For the other\ntwo languages, Mauwake and Menggwa Dla, only hand-drawn pitch\ncontours without alignment or a Hz scale are available. The\ndescription of prosody in Qaqet came to my attention in 2020 and was\nadded subsequently. \n[^39]: There are other comparative data that may give a clue to the\norigin of /t/ and /n/. The West Bomberai language Iha has the\n(singular patient) -ny and (plural patient) -te conjugations in\nsome verbs , and the East Timorese language Fataluku has the same\nsubject clitic =n(u) and different subject =t(u) . Although\nKalamang has no synchronic number marking for patients or\nswitch-reference marking, the phonemes /t/ and /n/ may be remnants\nof something similar. \n[^40]: The forms wat and met are underlyingly or diachronically\nwa=at ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span>’ and me=at\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=obj</span>’ (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), respectively, and cannot be\ncompared to a verb such as bo ‘to go’, which has two uninflected\nforms: bo and bot. \n[^41]: Note also that there are instances where there has been an\nobvious loss of prenasalisation between vowels – for example, in the\nnumerals /kodak/ ‘just one’ and /kodaet/ ‘one more’. These are\ndiachronically /kon/ + /tak/ and /kon/ + /taet/, respectively. It is\nlikely that these forms originally were \\[kondak̚\\] and \\[kondaet̚\\]\n(nasal assimilation, §<a href=\"#sec:assim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:assim\">[sec:assim]</a>), which were reanalysed\nas monomorphemic words before the nasal was removed for some reason.\nOtherwise, we would expect \\[korak̚\\] and \\[koraet̚\\] (lenition of\nintervocalic stops, §<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). \n[^42]: I started a test where I let different speakers transcribe the\nsame 11 sentences from corpus recordings, to see how they would\nsegment units. I did not do the test with more than two speakers,\nhowever, because I realised there was a lack of good speakers who\ncould write clearly enough to determine segments. Although most\nKalamang speakers are literate, many of them are not experienced or\nfluent writers. \n[^43]: Except for verbs in the imperative mood, which distinguish\nbetween singular and plural subjects\n(§<a href=\"#sec:verbdistr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbdistr\">[sec:verbdistr]</a>). \n[^44]: Note the similarity of this suffix with the last part of the\npronominal suffix -autak ‘alone’,\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>, and the last part of\nreidak ‘many’,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:inreidak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inreidak\">[exe:inreidak]</a>. \n[^45]: These are analysed as postpositions, not case markers, because of\nthe domain of attachment (the NP, not the noun), a lack of agreement\nor declension paradigms, and because the forms are almost mutually\nexclusive. The author has no strong preference for either analysis,\nand encourages the reader to replace “postposition” with “case\nmarker” in their mind if they wish. \n[^46]: See and for a definition of and information about the categories\niamitive and nondum, respectively. \n[^47]: A sixth root, teit- ‘neighbour’, was elicited as inalienable\nbut does not occur in the natural spoken corpus. \n[^48]: Several data points suggest a link between agentive nominaliser\n-et and a more general “animator”. Many animal names, especially\nthose for insects, end in -et or -let (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:letet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:letet\">48</a>). This is not a productive suffix\non animal names, and there is no proof of a diachronic relation with\nthe agentive nominaliser -et. However, note also the animate\nclassifier et- (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). A speculative relation\ncould be made between donenet ‘black ant’ and -nenen ‘body hair’\n(‘that which is hairy’), and between kalabet ‘earth worm’ and\nkalawen ‘soft’ (‘that which is soft’). Kedederet ‘k.o. bird’\ncould be derived from an onomatopoeion. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndonenet ‘black ant’ kalabet ‘earth worm’ kalkalet ‘mosquito’\nkapapet ‘glassy sweeper (k.o. fish)’ kedederet ‘k.o. small black\nbird’ pabalet ‘fly’ pueselet ‘spider’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:letet\" label=\"exe:letet\"></span> \n</div> \n[^49]: The general associative marker =kin is used to make similar\nconstructions to these. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>. \n[^50]: Japanese and Korean have similar phenomena, where quantifiers can\nbe both inside and outside the NP . \n[^51]: Contra the preliminary analysis of the Kalamang pronominal system\nin , clusivity is a well-established distinction in Kalamang. \n[^52]: This observation is impressionistic. It is based on a corpus\nsearch for pronouns with a suffixed numeral. A confounding factor is\nthat lower numerals are more common than higher numerals. \n[^53]: This is parallel to the local Malay, where mama tua and bapak\ntua are father or mother’s older sister and brother, respectively.\nA parent’s younger sister can be called (mama) ci, but I am not\naware of a corresponding term for men in use on Karas. \n[^54]: Using the established abbreviations for kinship terms: e = elder,\ny = younger, F = father, M = mother, B = brother, Z = sister, S =\nson, D = daughter, H = husband, W = wife. I.e. FeZ means ‘father’s\nelder sister’. \n[^55]: In other words, lineal kin of both two generations up and two\ngenerations down from ego is referred to as tara- \n[^56]: Polygamy is legal in Indonesia but not currently practiced on\nKaras. \n[^57]: Anak piara in local Malay. The parents of such a child are\ntypically alive and capable of taking care of children, and are in\ncontact with the child they have fostered out. This may be a\npractice that takes care of individuals or families that do not or\ncannot have children themselves, while at the same time lifting the\nburden from families with many children. \n[^58]: 7 = 6 + 1 is found in several languages of the area, among which\nare the Aru languages, Onin, Sekar and Uruangnirin . \n[^59]: There might be an intonational difference, but this was not\ntested for. \n[^60]: The West Bomberai language Mbaham has a word muur ‘branch’ and\na transport classifier mu- , and Iha has a classifier mur for\nboats, ‘motor’ and branches (Katherine Walker, p.c.). \n[^61]: While I elicited negative grammaticality judgments for mir-\nwith, for example, other modes of transport or other things made of\nwood, I have not had the chance to test pel- in combination with\nnouns other than ‘banana’. In other words, the status of pel- as a\nunique classifier is based on its lack of appearance in combination\nwith nouns other than ‘banana’ in the current corpus. \n[^62]: maybe tau ‘?’ + eir ‘two’, although ‘two sides’ is tawirir \n[^63]: These are pendapat ‘opinion’ (Malay loan), toman ‘bag’, hak\n‘right’ (Malay loan), kewe ‘house’, asal ‘origin’ (Malay loan)\nand guru ‘teacher’ (Malay loan). A reason that many of these are\nMalay loans might be that possessive constructions in Papuan Malay\nare made with a periphrastic construction (possessor + ‘have’ +\npossessum), which might trigger the use of a possessive pronoun\ninstead of a suffix in Kalamang. In any case, the number of\noccurrences of these words is so low in comparison to those of esa\n‘father’ and ema ‘mother’ that we will not consider them any\nfurther. \n[^64]: There is no restriction against a possessive suffix on a noun\nending in /a/, cf. nika-an ‘my fishing line’. \n[^65]: Compare also tamandi ‘how’, apparently formed with the question\nword root tama and the suffix -ndi. \n[^66]: Karas is spoken on a limestone island that rises out of the sea.\nBoth villages, Mas and Antalisa, are built on a strip of beach and\nthe adjacent slopes. \n[^67]: Note that the phonemes -n and -t (~ -d ~ -r) also occur\non demonstratives and question words, and pose a morphophonological\nproblem that is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>. \n[^68]: Other predicate enclitics, such as non-final =te and =ta or\nprogressive =teba, do not trigger the insertion of -t or -n. \n[^69]: The fact that the form with -n does not carry y- and vice\nversa may be related to them having different stress patterns:\nˈyecie vs eˈcien. All “uninflected” verbs with -n carry stress\non the last syllable, even if the verb without -n carries stress\non the first (e.g. ˈpotma vs potˈman ‘to cut’, ˈparuo vs\npaˈruon ‘to do’, ˈosie vs oˈsien) but yecie is the only one\nwith a difference in initial vowel. Syllable weight does not\nnormally play a role in stress assignment in Kalamang (as described\nin§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>). \n[^70]: Exceptions are gocie ‘to live’ and yecie ‘to return’, but\nbecause these have different semantics I have not listed them here.\nNote, however, that -cie in gocie may also be a morpheme, as\ngo means ‘place’. Those counterparts in -cie marked with an\nasterisk in the table were rejected in elicitation; the gaps remain\nto be tested. \n[^71]: A distinction between na in the meaning ‘to drink’ and in the\nmeaning ‘to eat’ was made to make the dataset comparable with other\nlanguages. Na ‘to eat’ was very unlikely to incorporate. For\ndetails, see . \n[^72]: This is why some reduplications are glossed as\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>’, instead of forcing a specific\nreading on them. \n[^73]: Four words in the lexicon might contain a fossilised prefix\nun-. These are unmasir ‘to give birth’ (cf, masir ‘to weed’),\nunkoryap ‘to divide’ (cf. koryap ‘to divide’, yap ‘to\ndivide’), unkawer ‘body fat’ (kawer not attested) and unsor\n‘orange-spotted trevally’ (cf. sor ‘fish’). \n[^74]: This construction was elicited with a picture of child washing\nits own hair, which was contrasted with a picture of a mother\nbathing a child. Showing the picture was accompanied by a request\nfor a translation of Malay anak mandi diri ‘the child bathes\nitself’ and saya mandi diri ‘I bathe myself’. \n[^75]: The translational equivalent of two applicatives and three\npromoted arguments is not entirely clear and therefore given with a\nquestion mark. \n[^76]: Other languages with a zero morpheme for ‘give’ are the Gum\nlanguages of Papua New Guinea, notably , and , a Muskogean language\n. \n[^77]: For comparative constructions, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:compcon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compcon\">[sec:compcon]</a>. \n[^78]: This is reminiscent of languages such as Candoshi (isolate,\nPeru), which describes colours with terms that translate as ‘like\nthe feathers of a Milvago bird’ . For Candoshi, it is claimed that\nthese terms only have secondary use as colour terms, and that the\nlanguage therefore does not really have colour terms. An overarching\nword ‘colour’ is also lacking. Although the latter is the case for\nKalamang as well, and Kalamang colour terms are clearly derived\nterms, the words mentioned here are used primarily as colour terms.\nPeople backtranslate baranggap as ‘yellow’, for example, and not\nas ‘like turmeric’. \n[^79]: The relation between aspect and universal quantification is\ndiscussed for Timor-Alor languages in . See also : “Completives\ndiffer from finish semantics in that the endpoint of the event is\nnot reached by some actor wilfully ending it, but because a totality\nof referents is affected”. In\n§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>, I argue that Kalamang\n=i koyet does both. \n[^80]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin (§<a href=\"#sec:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kin\">[sec:kin]</a>). The corpus instances of\ntoni followed by a verb that is not marked with =kin are\nambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’ reading. \n[^81]: This is a morphosyntactic definition for a morphosyntactic\nphenomenon. Often-used criteria such as intonation and event\nstructure (in e.g. ) are argued to be hard to falsify and to follow\nfrom a morphosyntactic definition (e.g. ). \n[^82]: Alternatively, it could be argued that bo is an independent\nform of bot. In that case, complex predicates with bo are not\nSVCs. \n[^83]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin. Toni can also mean ‘say; think’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvctoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvctoni\">14.2.3</a>), so many of the corpus\ninstances of toni followed by a verb that is not marked with\n=kin are ambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’\nreading. \n[^84]: In examples like this, I do not know whether the volitional\nmarker refers to the third person plural subject or to the subject\nof the matrix clause. \n[^85]: Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the\nuse of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only\noccurs on pronouns). \n[^86]: The iamitive can co-occur with the progressive, the iamitive can\nco-occur with the completive, the nondum can co-occur with the\nprogressive and the nondum can co-occur with the completive. The\niamitive and nondum cannot co-occur with each other. The progressive\nand completive cannot co-occur with each other either. \n[^87]: Similar to English ‘yet’. \n[^88]: There is not currently enough data to determine whether the\nposition in the clause has an effect on the scope of the modal\nmarkers. Also, the exact word class of these markers remains\nunclear. Most of them are verb-like (and three of them are borrowed\nfrom Malay verbs), but again, data is too scarce to make a coherent\nproposal, and hence they are just discussed as ‘modal markers’ here. \n[^89]: Suka is likely a nominalised verb or a noun, and hence examples\nwith suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> could be paraphrased as ‘is not\nof subject’s liking’. \n[^90]: Compare Papuan Malay jadi as a sentence-final particle that\nindicates the reason for the sentence, according to . \n[^91]: suggest that temporal-anaphoric adverbs are often diachronic\nsources of apprehensive markers. This also seems to be the case for\nKalamang mena ‘later; otherwise; in case’, which corresponds to\nlocal Malay nanti ‘later’, also used in precautionary\nconstructions . \n[^92]: for the similarities between conditionals and topics see . \n[^93]: As well as into copulas and definite markers . \n[^94]: mention demonstratives as sources for fillers to deal with\nword-formation trouble, but I have only observed me functioning as\na filler between clauses (see\nalso§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a> for placeholder neba). \n[^95]: An adapted version of this section, with focus on the structure\nof The money-defecating cow, will appear in . \n[^96]: There are more indications the latter is the case, e.g. speakers\nasking others for names of protagonists (narr20), giving their names\nat the end of the story (narr28) or supplying background information\n(switching to Malay) after the start of the story (narr18). The only\nstory that was recorded twice, once in Kalamang for the camera and\nan audience of one (besides the linguist) and once in Papuan Malay\nbefore a class of school children, has more background information\nin the second version. This may be due to practice, but it may also\nbe an adaptation to the audience. Alternatively, names and other\ndetails I consider to be ‘background information’ are not deemed\nimportant by the Kalamang storytellers whose narratives were\nanalysed here. \n[^97]: There are more rock formations that are thought to be boat or\nship wrecks, sometimes from as recently as the Second World War.\nSimilar explanations for geographical features in other societies in\neastern Indonesia are given in . Pannell writes that one of her\ninformants noted that “all places which have a name, have a person\nand a history associated with them”. This is the case for Kalamang\nas well, judging from some descriptive coastal place names on the\nbig Karas island, such as Grandmother’s Cape, Women’s Foothill,\nButon Fish House Cape. \n[^98]: I have the impression that this is more used towards outsiders\nwith passive knowledge of Kalamang (such as frequent visitors to the\nisland, or myself) than between Kalamang speakers themselves. There\nare no examples of it in the corpus. \n[^99]: There are three reasons yor is not analysed as meaning ‘yes’.\nFirst, an affirmative answer to a yes/no question is not typically\ngiven with yor but with a repetition of the subject and the verb.\nSecond, Kalamang speakers translate it into Papuan Malay as betul\n‘true’, not as (i)ya ‘yes’. Third, diachronically yor also seems\nto mean ‘true’ or ‘right’. It is used in words and expressions like\nkabor se yor-tayun ‘pregnant’ (lit. ‘stomach already yor-side’)\nand yorsik ‘straight’. \n[^100]: Such obscured or polite forms may also be made in other ways.\nAnother obscured/polite word for sugar or rice is muap iriskap,\nlit. ‘white food’, and another obscured/polite word for pitis\n‘money’ is lolok ‘leaf’. \n[^101]: Archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC6-C>. This text\nserves as an example. Five other glossed and translated texts are\npublished as . ELAN and XML files with glosses and translations are\navailable for all texts in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^102]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFE-F>. \n[^103]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^104]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BEC-7>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Suci carries Inaya.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Suci Inayat nawas.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Suci Inayat nawas.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Demonstratives", "Header 2": "Demonstrative function", "Header 3": "Far distal owa ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">fdist</span>’", "Header 4": "Spatial" }, "passage": "Far distal owa is prototypically used for referents that are\nrelatively very far away from the speaker and the listener. It is mostly\nused when referring to places across landscape, e.g. the next beach,\nbehind the mountain, another city, the other side of the island, the\nother side of the country. This results in owa typically, but not\nnecessarily, being used for invisible referents. In the recordings from\na round trip around the biggest Karas island, speakers tend to use owa\nfor singling out landscape features that are not only somewhat distant,\nbut also have another landscape feature in between.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:owane\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:owane\">[exe:owane]</a>), the speaker points at Yar\nPoskon, a cape 100 metres away, while sailing past another cape which is\nfollowed by a beach and Yar Poskon. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nYar Poskon=a owane\nYar Poskon=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">fdist</span>\n‘Yar Poskon is over there!’ <span id=\"exe:owane\"\nlabel=\"exe:owane\"></span> \n</div> \nIn about half of the corpus instances (23 out of 47), owa carries a\nlative or locative postposition. This is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ruomun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ruomun\">[exe:ruomun]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:belada\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:belada\">[exe:belada]</a>). The principles are the\nsame: owatko and owangga are used to refer across landscape. The\nreferent may be close, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kol\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kol\">[exe:kol]</a>), where the location referred to\nis right outside the house, or in another country, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:belada\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:belada\">[exe:belada]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nra Pebis Ruomun owangga in=at nawaruok\ngo Pebis Ruomun <span class=\"smallcaps\">fdist.lat</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=obj</span> unload\n‘\\[You want to\\] go to Pebis Ruomun over there and drop us off?’\n<span id=\"exe:ruomun\" label=\"exe:ruomun\"></span> bo kol owatko\nwar=te\ngo outside over_there fish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘Go fish outside over there!’ <span id=\"exe:kol\" label=\"exe:kol\"></span>\nBeladar-leng owatko\nNetherlands-village over_there\n‘In the Dutch village over there.’ <span id=\"exe:belada\"\nlabel=\"exe:belada\"></span> \n</div> \nOne corpus example of owa (in its variant owane) is used on a much\nsmaller scale: a table top in a picture-matching task. During this task,\nthe director could see the matcher’s pictures, and directed him to the\ncorrect picture by explaining the position of the card with the picture\non the tabletop. The director\nutters(<a href=\"#exe:elakdok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:elakdok\">[exe:elakdok]</a>). Owane is used to\nindicate that the picture is at the far extreme of the tabletop, far\naway from the speaker (and the addressee) as compared to the other\npictures. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nelak-kadok tua elak-kadok siun-kadok owane\nbottom-side old_man bottom-side edge-side\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">fdist</span>\n‘Down there, Tua, down there, at the edge over there.’\n<span id=\"exe:elakdok\" label=\"exe:elakdok\"></span> \n</div> \nThe video still in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:elakdok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:elakdok\">11.2</a> shows the moment the director (on\nthe left) utters elak-kadok for the second time. The matcher is still\nlooking for the right picture, hovering his finger. The picture that the\ndirector is referring to is marked in the figure with an arrow in the\nfigure. \n<figure id=\"fig:elakdok\">\n<img src=\"Images/elakdok\" style=\"width:80.0%\" />\n<figcaption>Directing to <em>owane</em> <span\nclass=\"smallcaps\">fdist</span></figcaption>\n</figure>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Maps", "Header 2": null, "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"ch:maps\" label=\"ch:maps\"></span>\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnarrnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">23.1</a> displays those names\nmentioned in the traditional narratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>).\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnames\">23.2</a> shows all recorded coastal\nnames of the big Karas island, and a few additional place names. For a\nbigger version, zoom in on the digital version of this page, or download\nthe map from the Kalamang archive.[^104] \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names_narratives.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Place names of Karas mentioned in traditional\nnarratives</figcaption>\n</figure> \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Coastal place names of Karas</figcaption>\n</figure> \n[^1]: Data taken from the 2018 and 2019 publications of Statistik Daerah\nKabupaten Fakfak \\[Statistics Fakfak Regency Area\\], published by\nthe Badan Pusat Statistik Daerah Fakfak \\[Central Bureau of\nStatistics Fakfak Area\\]. Publications can be found at\n<https://fakfakkab.bps.go.id/publication.html>. \n[^2]: This map seems to be an unpublished draft, but is for example used\nin . \n[^3]: (Sub)grouping in this paragraph according to Glottolog. \n[^4]: Data on the map (series 1501, sheet SA 53-13, edition 1) comes\nfrom the years 1956-1960. \n[^5]: Archived at <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF4-4> \n[^6]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFB-1> \n[^7]: Recordings of prayers can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF7-4>,\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D> and\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6>. Picture\nmaterial of shared meals is available at the last two links. \n[^8]: These comprise the water in Sebakor Bay, extending southwards at\nleast as far as Kitikiti waterfall (3°50’25.7\"S 132°47’57.5\"E). I do\nnot know if the waters west of the biggest Karas island belong to\nKaras district, or if the water is divided between the\nKalamang-speaking and Uruangnirin-speaking communities. \n[^9]: Of whom at least one has passed away since. \n[^10]: This was operationalised in Indonesian as lancar; yang tahu\nbahasa bagus sekali and kurang lancar; yang masih pikir-pikir. \n[^11]: While there is obviously a cline in proficiency from fluent to\nnon-fluent to minimal, it was no matter of discussion for my two\nconsultants whom to include as fluent and non-fluent speakers, and\nwhom to exclude from the speaker count. \n[^12]: The only instance where I have noticed people showing off with\nKalamang is when in public places in Fakfak with me, but it is used\nto trick others into believing that they are speaking English with\nme. \n[^13]: Kapaur in . \n[^14]: Patimuni in . In other sources spelled as Bah(a)am or Mbahaam. \n[^15]: explain well how the descriptive linguist both informs and is\ninformed by typology and formal linguistics. I can only hope I have\nstruck the right balance. \n[^16]: Audio recordings for phonetic analysis and of paradigms, made in\n2015, contain the voices of four other (partial) speakers. Their\nmetadata can be found in the corpus. \n[^17]: Other people to whom gifts were extended are my hosts in Fakfak\nand Mas, the village head of Mas, my local aunts, uncles and\ngrandmother, and other people with whom I maintained a personal\nrelationship. \n[^18]: The corpus, called The Kalamang collection: an archive of\nlinguistic and cultural material from Karas can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^19]: A fifth field trip was planned for 2020 but had to be cancelled\ndue to COVID-19. Luckily, I had enough data to finish the current\nstudy. Things that I had planned for the last field trip included\ndouble-checking the transcriptions of recordings made in 2019,\ndouble-checking all the examples used in this study, double-checking\nsome lemmas in the dictionary, collecting more pictures for the\ndictionary, recording audio samples of all lemmas, collecting\nrecordings of more genres (such as making offerings, ghost stories,\nand action camera recordings of people in their gardens and loading\na canoe), collecting supplementary grammaticality judgements on\nvarious topics (such as the apprehensive construction, classifiers,\npossessive constructions, prosody, quantifiers and reflexives) and\ncarrying out ethnobotanic/linguistic fieldwork in collaboration with\nan MA student in ethnobotany. \n[^20]: A breath group is what the speaker manages to say between two\nbreaths, and is a convenient way to divide utterances. This division\nwas not strictly followed. Sometimes people would pause without\nbreathing – for example at the end of a non-final clause. Some\nspeakers had a habit of uttering very long stretches of speech,\nseemingly without breathing. These stretches were divided wherever\nit seemed practical to do so during the transcription. \n[^21]: Transcribed recordings are archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^22]: Annotated elicited data is archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A>. \n[^23]: While I do think that there are differences in style and\nnaturalness between the three categories stimulus-based, narrative\nand conversations, I have not actually investigated this. Also, the\ncategories are not clear-cut. The stimulus-based recordings\nobviously can be narratives or conversations, conversations may\ncontain stretches of narrative, narratives may contain a short\nconversation with a passer-by, etc. This classification is just one\nway to give the reader at least some degree of context when reading\nan example. \n[^24]: Defined in as “connected naturally occurring utterance\\[s\\]”. \n[^25]: Some of it can be found in the conversations between Fajaria\nYarkuran and Nurmia Yarkuran (conv9–11, conv13–16), which are\ninterrupted by children entering the room. Some speakers also\naddress the linguist in an opening and a closing of a narrative in\nPapuan Malay (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>). Note that code switching\nbetween Kalamang and Papuan Malay without a change of audience,\ntypically for just a few words at a time, is very common and occurs\nin all recordings. \n[^26]: One song, Loflof, can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF9-5>, and the\nnarratives narr18 and narr19 contain short songs. The ritual chant\ntenggelele can be found in conv8. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:formula\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:formula\">[sec:formula]</a>. \n[^27]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^28]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^29]: These can currently be found at\n<https://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/representations/gloss/index.php?open=../../../../../includes/gramm_category_labels.inc>. \n[^30]: According to . I do not have access to the original report. \n[^31]: In fact, if one takes into account the WALS features and\nlanguages, the Papuan languages do not stand apart from the rest of\nthe world’s languages at all . \n[^32]: : “\\[W\\]e define East Nusantara as a geographical area that\nextends from Sumbawa to the west, across the islands of East Nusa\nTenggara, Maluku including Halmahera, and to the Bird’s Head of New\nGuinea in the east \\[...\\]. In the northwest, the area is bounded by\nSulawesi.” \n[^33]: Melanesia, based on the features considered in , “begins in the\narea of Flores-Sumba-Timor, reaches through New Guinea and into the\nBismarck Archipelago, and concludes in Vanuatu-New Caledonia”\n(p.122). Linguistic Wallacea is similar to East Nusantara.\nLinguistic Wallacea differs from Biological Wallacea in that the\nformer does not include Sulawesi and the latter does not include any\nparts of New Guinea. \n[^34]: Voiced stops do not occur syllable-finally, also not as\nunderlying phonemes. The voiceless stops that are syllable-final are\nso also underlyingly. \n[^35]: As counted in April 2019. \n[^36]: Timothy Usher (p.c.) suggests that this is the case because it\nderives historically from a longer form \\kinV. \n[^37]: Note that this is an intonational* pitch accent, not to be\nconfounded with lexical tones. \n[^38]: I checked 96 Papuan grammars and grammar sketches in 2018. Of\nthese, 29 make some mention of intonation, ranging from a brief\nmention in the chapter on discourse structuring to a number or arrow\nsystem to describe intonation created by the author of the grammar.\nOf these 29, only five grammars include pitch contours. Of those\nfive, only three have pitch contours generated with help of\nsoftware. Those three languages are described here. For the other\ntwo languages, Mauwake and Menggwa Dla, only hand-drawn pitch\ncontours without alignment or a Hz scale are available. The\ndescription of prosody in Qaqet came to my attention in 2020 and was\nadded subsequently. \n[^39]: There are other comparative data that may give a clue to the\norigin of /t/ and /n/. The West Bomberai language Iha has the\n(singular patient) -ny and (plural patient) -te conjugations in\nsome verbs , and the East Timorese language Fataluku has the same\nsubject clitic =n(u) and different subject =t(u) . Although\nKalamang has no synchronic number marking for patients or\nswitch-reference marking, the phonemes /t/ and /n/ may be remnants\nof something similar. \n[^40]: The forms wat and met are underlyingly or diachronically\nwa=at ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span>’ and me=at\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=obj</span>’ (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), respectively, and cannot be\ncompared to a verb such as bo ‘to go’, which has two uninflected\nforms: bo and bot. \n[^41]: Note also that there are instances where there has been an\nobvious loss of prenasalisation between vowels – for example, in the\nnumerals /kodak/ ‘just one’ and /kodaet/ ‘one more’. These are\ndiachronically /kon/ + /tak/ and /kon/ + /taet/, respectively. It is\nlikely that these forms originally were \\[kondak̚\\] and \\[kondaet̚\\]\n(nasal assimilation, §<a href=\"#sec:assim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:assim\">[sec:assim]</a>), which were reanalysed\nas monomorphemic words before the nasal was removed for some reason.\nOtherwise, we would expect \\[korak̚\\] and \\[koraet̚\\] (lenition of\nintervocalic stops, §<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). \n[^42]: I started a test where I let different speakers transcribe the\nsame 11 sentences from corpus recordings, to see how they would\nsegment units. I did not do the test with more than two speakers,\nhowever, because I realised there was a lack of good speakers who\ncould write clearly enough to determine segments. Although most\nKalamang speakers are literate, many of them are not experienced or\nfluent writers. \n[^43]: Except for verbs in the imperative mood, which distinguish\nbetween singular and plural subjects\n(§<a href=\"#sec:verbdistr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbdistr\">[sec:verbdistr]</a>). \n[^44]: Note the similarity of this suffix with the last part of the\npronominal suffix -autak ‘alone’,\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>, and the last part of\nreidak ‘many’,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:inreidak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inreidak\">[exe:inreidak]</a>. \n[^45]: These are analysed as postpositions, not case markers, because of\nthe domain of attachment (the NP, not the noun), a lack of agreement\nor declension paradigms, and because the forms are almost mutually\nexclusive. The author has no strong preference for either analysis,\nand encourages the reader to replace “postposition” with “case\nmarker” in their mind if they wish. \n[^46]: See and for a definition of and information about the categories\niamitive and nondum, respectively. \n[^47]: A sixth root, teit- ‘neighbour’, was elicited as inalienable\nbut does not occur in the natural spoken corpus. \n[^48]: Several data points suggest a link between agentive nominaliser\n-et and a more general “animator”. Many animal names, especially\nthose for insects, end in -et or -let (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:letet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:letet\">48</a>). This is not a productive suffix\non animal names, and there is no proof of a diachronic relation with\nthe agentive nominaliser -et. However, note also the animate\nclassifier et- (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). A speculative relation\ncould be made between donenet ‘black ant’ and -nenen ‘body hair’\n(‘that which is hairy’), and between kalabet ‘earth worm’ and\nkalawen ‘soft’ (‘that which is soft’). Kedederet ‘k.o. bird’\ncould be derived from an onomatopoeion. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndonenet ‘black ant’ kalabet ‘earth worm’ kalkalet ‘mosquito’\nkapapet ‘glassy sweeper (k.o. fish)’ kedederet ‘k.o. small black\nbird’ pabalet ‘fly’ pueselet ‘spider’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:letet\" label=\"exe:letet\"></span> \n</div> \n[^49]: The general associative marker =kin is used to make similar\nconstructions to these. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>. \n[^50]: Japanese and Korean have similar phenomena, where quantifiers can\nbe both inside and outside the NP . \n[^51]: Contra the preliminary analysis of the Kalamang pronominal system\nin , clusivity is a well-established distinction in Kalamang. \n[^52]: This observation is impressionistic. It is based on a corpus\nsearch for pronouns with a suffixed numeral. A confounding factor is\nthat lower numerals are more common than higher numerals. \n[^53]: This is parallel to the local Malay, where mama tua and bapak\ntua are father or mother’s older sister and brother, respectively.\nA parent’s younger sister can be called (mama) ci, but I am not\naware of a corresponding term for men in use on Karas. \n[^54]: Using the established abbreviations for kinship terms: e = elder,\ny = younger, F = father, M = mother, B = brother, Z = sister, S =\nson, D = daughter, H = husband, W = wife. I.e. FeZ means ‘father’s\nelder sister’. \n[^55]: In other words, lineal kin of both two generations up and two\ngenerations down from ego is referred to as tara- \n[^56]: Polygamy is legal in Indonesia but not currently practiced on\nKaras. \n[^57]: Anak piara in local Malay. The parents of such a child are\ntypically alive and capable of taking care of children, and are in\ncontact with the child they have fostered out. This may be a\npractice that takes care of individuals or families that do not or\ncannot have children themselves, while at the same time lifting the\nburden from families with many children. \n[^58]: 7 = 6 + 1 is found in several languages of the area, among which\nare the Aru languages, Onin, Sekar and Uruangnirin . \n[^59]: There might be an intonational difference, but this was not\ntested for. \n[^60]: The West Bomberai language Mbaham has a word muur ‘branch’ and\na transport classifier mu- , and Iha has a classifier mur for\nboats, ‘motor’ and branches (Katherine Walker, p.c.). \n[^61]: While I elicited negative grammaticality judgments for mir-\nwith, for example, other modes of transport or other things made of\nwood, I have not had the chance to test pel- in combination with\nnouns other than ‘banana’. In other words, the status of pel- as a\nunique classifier is based on its lack of appearance in combination\nwith nouns other than ‘banana’ in the current corpus. \n[^62]: maybe tau ‘?’ + eir ‘two’, although ‘two sides’ is tawirir \n[^63]: These are pendapat ‘opinion’ (Malay loan), toman ‘bag’, hak\n‘right’ (Malay loan), kewe ‘house’, asal ‘origin’ (Malay loan)\nand guru ‘teacher’ (Malay loan). A reason that many of these are\nMalay loans might be that possessive constructions in Papuan Malay\nare made with a periphrastic construction (possessor + ‘have’ +\npossessum), which might trigger the use of a possessive pronoun\ninstead of a suffix in Kalamang. In any case, the number of\noccurrences of these words is so low in comparison to those of esa\n‘father’ and ema ‘mother’ that we will not consider them any\nfurther. \n[^64]: There is no restriction against a possessive suffix on a noun\nending in /a/, cf. nika-an ‘my fishing line’. \n[^65]: Compare also tamandi ‘how’, apparently formed with the question\nword root tama and the suffix -ndi. \n[^66]: Karas is spoken on a limestone island that rises out of the sea.\nBoth villages, Mas and Antalisa, are built on a strip of beach and\nthe adjacent slopes. \n[^67]: Note that the phonemes -n and -t (~ -d ~ -r) also occur\non demonstratives and question words, and pose a morphophonological\nproblem that is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>. \n[^68]: Other predicate enclitics, such as non-final =te and =ta or\nprogressive =teba, do not trigger the insertion of -t or -n. \n[^69]: The fact that the form with -n does not carry y- and vice\nversa may be related to them having different stress patterns:\nˈyecie vs eˈcien. All “uninflected” verbs with -n carry stress\non the last syllable, even if the verb without -n carries stress\non the first (e.g. ˈpotma vs potˈman ‘to cut’, ˈparuo vs\npaˈruon ‘to do’, ˈosie vs oˈsien) but yecie is the only one\nwith a difference in initial vowel. Syllable weight does not\nnormally play a role in stress assignment in Kalamang (as described\nin§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>). \n[^70]: Exceptions are gocie ‘to live’ and yecie ‘to return’, but\nbecause these have different semantics I have not listed them here.\nNote, however, that -cie in gocie may also be a morpheme, as\ngo means ‘place’. Those counterparts in -cie marked with an\nasterisk in the table were rejected in elicitation; the gaps remain\nto be tested. \n[^71]: A distinction between na in the meaning ‘to drink’ and in the\nmeaning ‘to eat’ was made to make the dataset comparable with other\nlanguages. Na ‘to eat’ was very unlikely to incorporate. For\ndetails, see . \n[^72]: This is why some reduplications are glossed as\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>’, instead of forcing a specific\nreading on them. \n[^73]: Four words in the lexicon might contain a fossilised prefix\nun-. These are unmasir ‘to give birth’ (cf, masir ‘to weed’),\nunkoryap ‘to divide’ (cf. koryap ‘to divide’, yap ‘to\ndivide’), unkawer ‘body fat’ (kawer not attested) and unsor\n‘orange-spotted trevally’ (cf. sor ‘fish’). \n[^74]: This construction was elicited with a picture of child washing\nits own hair, which was contrasted with a picture of a mother\nbathing a child. Showing the picture was accompanied by a request\nfor a translation of Malay anak mandi diri ‘the child bathes\nitself’ and saya mandi diri ‘I bathe myself’. \n[^75]: The translational equivalent of two applicatives and three\npromoted arguments is not entirely clear and therefore given with a\nquestion mark. \n[^76]: Other languages with a zero morpheme for ‘give’ are the Gum\nlanguages of Papua New Guinea, notably , and , a Muskogean language\n. \n[^77]: For comparative constructions, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:compcon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compcon\">[sec:compcon]</a>. \n[^78]: This is reminiscent of languages such as Candoshi (isolate,\nPeru), which describes colours with terms that translate as ‘like\nthe feathers of a Milvago bird’ . For Candoshi, it is claimed that\nthese terms only have secondary use as colour terms, and that the\nlanguage therefore does not really have colour terms. An overarching\nword ‘colour’ is also lacking. Although the latter is the case for\nKalamang as well, and Kalamang colour terms are clearly derived\nterms, the words mentioned here are used primarily as colour terms.\nPeople backtranslate baranggap as ‘yellow’, for example, and not\nas ‘like turmeric’. \n[^79]: The relation between aspect and universal quantification is\ndiscussed for Timor-Alor languages in . See also : “Completives\ndiffer from finish semantics in that the endpoint of the event is\nnot reached by some actor wilfully ending it, but because a totality\nof referents is affected”. In\n§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>, I argue that Kalamang\n=i koyet does both. \n[^80]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin (§<a href=\"#sec:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kin\">[sec:kin]</a>). The corpus instances of\ntoni followed by a verb that is not marked with =kin are\nambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’ reading. \n[^81]: This is a morphosyntactic definition for a morphosyntactic\nphenomenon. Often-used criteria such as intonation and event\nstructure (in e.g. ) are argued to be hard to falsify and to follow\nfrom a morphosyntactic definition (e.g. ). \n[^82]: Alternatively, it could be argued that bo is an independent\nform of bot. In that case, complex predicates with bo are not\nSVCs. \n[^83]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin. Toni can also mean ‘say; think’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvctoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvctoni\">14.2.3</a>), so many of the corpus\ninstances of toni followed by a verb that is not marked with\n=kin are ambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’\nreading. \n[^84]: In examples like this, I do not know whether the volitional\nmarker refers to the third person plural subject or to the subject\nof the matrix clause. \n[^85]: Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the\nuse of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only\noccurs on pronouns). \n[^86]: The iamitive can co-occur with the progressive, the iamitive can\nco-occur with the completive, the nondum can co-occur with the\nprogressive and the nondum can co-occur with the completive. The\niamitive and nondum cannot co-occur with each other. The progressive\nand completive cannot co-occur with each other either. \n[^87]: Similar to English ‘yet’. \n[^88]: There is not currently enough data to determine whether the\nposition in the clause has an effect on the scope of the modal\nmarkers. Also, the exact word class of these markers remains\nunclear. Most of them are verb-like (and three of them are borrowed\nfrom Malay verbs), but again, data is too scarce to make a coherent\nproposal, and hence they are just discussed as ‘modal markers’ here. \n[^89]: Suka is likely a nominalised verb or a noun, and hence examples\nwith suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> could be paraphrased as ‘is not\nof subject’s liking’. \n[^90]: Compare Papuan Malay jadi as a sentence-final particle that\nindicates the reason for the sentence, according to . \n[^91]: suggest that temporal-anaphoric adverbs are often diachronic\nsources of apprehensive markers. This also seems to be the case for\nKalamang mena ‘later; otherwise; in case’, which corresponds to\nlocal Malay nanti ‘later’, also used in precautionary\nconstructions . \n[^92]: for the similarities between conditionals and topics see . \n[^93]: As well as into copulas and definite markers . \n[^94]: mention demonstratives as sources for fillers to deal with\nword-formation trouble, but I have only observed me functioning as\na filler between clauses (see\nalso§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a> for placeholder neba). \n[^95]: An adapted version of this section, with focus on the structure\nof The money-defecating cow, will appear in . \n[^96]: There are more indications the latter is the case, e.g. speakers\nasking others for names of protagonists (narr20), giving their names\nat the end of the story (narr28) or supplying background information\n(switching to Malay) after the start of the story (narr18). The only\nstory that was recorded twice, once in Kalamang for the camera and\nan audience of one (besides the linguist) and once in Papuan Malay\nbefore a class of school children, has more background information\nin the second version. This may be due to practice, but it may also\nbe an adaptation to the audience. Alternatively, names and other\ndetails I consider to be ‘background information’ are not deemed\nimportant by the Kalamang storytellers whose narratives were\nanalysed here. \n[^97]: There are more rock formations that are thought to be boat or\nship wrecks, sometimes from as recently as the Second World War.\nSimilar explanations for geographical features in other societies in\neastern Indonesia are given in . Pannell writes that one of her\ninformants noted that “all places which have a name, have a person\nand a history associated with them”. This is the case for Kalamang\nas well, judging from some descriptive coastal place names on the\nbig Karas island, such as Grandmother’s Cape, Women’s Foothill,\nButon Fish House Cape. \n[^98]: I have the impression that this is more used towards outsiders\nwith passive knowledge of Kalamang (such as frequent visitors to the\nisland, or myself) than between Kalamang speakers themselves. There\nare no examples of it in the corpus. \n[^99]: There are three reasons yor is not analysed as meaning ‘yes’.\nFirst, an affirmative answer to a yes/no question is not typically\ngiven with yor but with a repetition of the subject and the verb.\nSecond, Kalamang speakers translate it into Papuan Malay as betul\n‘true’, not as (i)ya ‘yes’. Third, diachronically yor also seems\nto mean ‘true’ or ‘right’. It is used in words and expressions like\nkabor se yor-tayun ‘pregnant’ (lit. ‘stomach already yor-side’)\nand yorsik ‘straight’. \n[^100]: Such obscured or polite forms may also be made in other ways.\nAnother obscured/polite word for sugar or rice is muap iriskap,\nlit. ‘white food’, and another obscured/polite word for pitis\n‘money’ is lolok ‘leaf’. \n[^101]: Archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC6-C>. This text\nserves as an example. Five other glossed and translated texts are\npublished as . ELAN and XML files with glosses and translations are\navailable for all texts in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^102]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFE-F>. \n[^103]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^104]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BEC-7>." } ], "index": 62, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Suci carries Inaya.", "split": "train" }
Laka kieun padamualmasarut.	Laka's wife is tearing pandanus leaf.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Laka's wife is tearing pandanus leaf.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Laka\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: inside of a tree\nKalamang translation: kun; kunun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Laka\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wife\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: second wife\nKalamang translation: kieun caun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wife\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: his wife\nKalamang translation: kieun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tearing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cut string\nKalamang translation: tolma\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tearing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pall-bearing\nKalamang translation: tobutobur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"pandanus\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: k.o. pandanus\nKalamang translation: kamual\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"pandanus\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pandanus leaf\nKalamang translation: bunga rampi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"leaf\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pandanus leaf\nKalamang translation: bunga rampi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"leaf\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sago leaf roof\nKalamang translation: muapsabursanong\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Laka\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Grandfather Nostal splits planks, La Deka carries them on his shoulder.\nKalamang translation: Tata Nostala pawanat parair La Deka bitko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Laka\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Lamani's father is marking wood.\nKalamang translation: Lamani esun rorara kasep.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wife\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Did your wife go up the mountain?\nKalamang translation: Ka kiar kolakara era?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wife\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sundus' wife has many lice.\nKalamang translation: Sundus kieun me mun reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tearing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That snake is slithering up the tree.\nKalamang translation: Elteng me me gareni wiekerungga sara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tearing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He's wearing his new shirt.\nKalamang translation: Ma ladanun giartenara sabur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"pandanus\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Randa's mother served bitter coffee.\nKalamang translation: Randa emun kofirat gareorta mang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"pandanus\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many pandanus at the cape.\nKalamang translation: Diwadiwal karimunggo reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"leaf\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That betel leaf that you pounded, which side is it from, from the beach?\nKalamang translation: Pulor opa ka tura me tamabadok, oskadok?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"leaf\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The women over there sit sewing a leaf roof.\nKalamang translation: Emumur owane melalu sanonggara gaim.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThere are two strategies for forming conditional clauses. The first is\nwith a dedicated conditional clitic =o/=ero* ‘if’ or concessive\n=taero ‘even if’ on the condition, described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:condmood\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:condmood\">[sec:condmood]</a>. The enclitic =o is\nexemplified in(<a href=\"#exe:waroobes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:waroobes\">[exe:waroobes]</a>). The Malay loan\nkalau ‘if’ was discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:condconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:condconj\">[sec:condconj]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \njadi tanaman pun demekian wat=o bes im=o bes sayang=o bes\nso plant even thus coconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nbanana=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nnutmeg=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\n‘So whichever plant \\[we grow\\], whether it’s coconut, banana or nutmeg,\nit’s good.’ <span id=\"exe:waroobes\" label=\"exe:waroobes\"></span> \n</div> \nThe second strategy for conditionals makes use of a clause-initial\nscene-setting topic, typically with a time adverbial, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:saunet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:saunet\">[exe:saunet]</a>)[^92]. It may be marked\nwith topic marker me and/or irrealis =et\n(§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>). The scene-setter is prosodically\nseparate from the main clause. It ends on a high pitch and is optionally\nfollowed by a pause. The scene-setter kasuret me\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kasuret\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kasuret\">[exe:kasuret]</a>), translated as\n‘tomorrow’, can be more literally translated as ‘when it is tomorrow’.\nThe conditional clause may also be followed by sequential conjunction\neba ‘then’, as in(<a href=\"#exe:sabeba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sabeba\">[exe:sabeba]</a>). An example with negative\ncondition ge=et me ‘if not’ is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:getmehe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:getmehe\">[exe:getmehe]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNene opa me, go_saunet, ma war.\nnene opa me go_saun=et ma war\ngrandmother <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nevening=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> fish\n‘That grandmother, when it was evening, she went fishing.’\n<span id=\"exe:saunet\" label=\"exe:saunet\"></span> Kasuret me kabon,\nAmbunbon, Serambon, tok bo rorpotma.\nkasur=et me ka=bon Ambun=bon Seram=bon tok bo ror-potma\ntomorrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg=com</span>\nAmbun=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nSeram=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> first go wood-cut\n‘Tomorrow, you, Ambun and Seram first go wood-cutting.’\n<span id=\"exe:kasuret\" label=\"exe:kasuret\"></span> In tok mara mengga\nhari sabtuet eba in maruaret.\nin tok mara mengga hari sabtu=et eba in maruat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> first move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> day\nSaturday=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nmove_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘We go towards land first, when it’s Saturday, then we come towards\nsea.’ <span id=\"exe:sabeba\" label=\"exe:sabeba\"></span> al-un kinkinun\nge=et me se rasa\nstring-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> small\nno=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> like\n‘It has small strings, if not, it would have been good already.’\n<span id=\"exe:getmehe\" label=\"exe:getmehe\"></span> \n</div> \nBelow are three examples of conditional clauses with irrealis =et that\nare not time adverbials.\n(<a href=\"#exe:haletme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:haletme\">[exe:haletme]</a>) is taken from a\nrecording where the speaker teaches the addressee how to weave a\npandanus leaf envelope.\n(<a href=\"#exe:raweteba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:raweteba\">[exe:raweteba]</a>) again contains\nconjunction eba ‘then’. The combination of =et and eba does not\nnecessarily imply a conditional reading; it must be deduced from the\ncontext. Conditional clauses with irrealis =et can be translated with\neither ‘if’ or ‘when’. In some contexts, such as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:orkoet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:orkoet\">[exe:orkoet]</a>), either reading seems\nappropriate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkomahal=et me ukir=te\nnot_understand=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nmeasure=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘If \\[you\\] don’t understand, measure.’ <span id=\"exe:haletme\"\nlabel=\"exe:haletme\"></span> ma rap=et eba gier-un iriskap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nlaugh=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\ntooth-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> white\n‘When he laughs, his teeth are white.’ <span id=\"exe:raweteba\"\nlabel=\"exe:raweteba\"></span> an or=et mu toni sabar-kadok=a iren, an\nsabar=ko=et mu toni or-kadok=a iren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nback=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say\nfront-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> white\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nfront=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say\nback-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> white\n‘If/when I’m in the back they say the one in the front is white, if/when\nI’m in the front they say the one in the back is white.’\n<span id=\"exe:orkoet\" label=\"exe:orkoet\"></span> \n</div> \nConditional constructions with =et and eba may be expanded with\ndistal locative metko ‘there’. These are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:medisc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:medisc\">[sec:medisc]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThere is no previous ethnographic research conducted on Karas or the\nKalamang-speaking community. In this section, I share my own\nethnographic observations. All fieldwork was carried out in Mas, and\nthese ethnographic remarks are based on what I observed there,\nsupplemented by a cultural questionnaire I completed in 2019 with three\npeople from Mas.[^5] I have regularly visited Antalisa during all field\ntrips, and have no reason to believe that there are substantial\ndifferences between the villages. \nThe Kalamang-speaking community is largely comprised of fishermen and\nfarmers of nutmeg. They live in two villages, each with their own\nvillage head, following Indonesian social organisation. The kinship\nsystem is patrilineal. Close relationships, outside the nuclear family,\nare maintained with parents, aunts and uncles, and cousins. Resources\nare often pooled within the extended family for large undertakings like\nbuilding a house, or expensive events like tertiary education or\nmarriage. The woman is the head of the household, and the man is mainly\nresponsible for fishing. Nutmeg farming is an extended family business.\nThe inhabitants of Mas and Antalisa are Muslims, observing many Islamic\ncustoms, though mixing them with local ones. The majority live in\nconcrete houses roughly organized around a central square containing the\nvillage mosque. There is no known art. The skills for other material\nculture, such as woven products and canoes, are still practised but are\non the verge of being superseded by purchased modern materials. \nI have knowledge of rites connected to the following life events:\npregnancy, the first time a newborn leaves the house, the child’s first\nhaircut, circumcision, prenuptial negotiations, welcoming a new wife to\nthe island, marriage, the third day of marriage, entering other people’s\nhouses for the first time (for wives from outside the island), putting\nthe roof on a house, burial and memorials of a death. The following is a\nlist of recordings in the corpus where these rites are illustrated. The\ncode is a unique corpus tag. With help of this tag, the relevant\nrecordings and supplementary material like photographs can be found in\nthe corpus. An overview of all recordings can be found in the Appendix\non page. \n- prenuptial negotiations:\n[narr2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BCF-3) \n- welcoming a new wife (Tenggelele):\n[conv8](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D) \n- marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- third day of marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- putting the roof on a house:\n[narr3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD7-2) \n- burial: [conv7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC3-B) \n- death memorials:\n[narr1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD8-4) \nI have observed first-hand all the above-mentioned rituals with three\nexceptions: the rituals relating to entering someone’s house for the\nfirst time, pregnancy, and circumcision. Consultants have described\nthese as follows. \nWhen a wife from outside the island marries a man from Mas or Antalisa,\nshe cannot enter other people’s houses before the following ritual is\nperformed. The owners of the house must spread out a white cloth from\nthe entrance of their house, via which the woman enters. After that, she\nreceives another piece of cloth (typically an industrially-made\n“sarong”, a square piece or tube of cloth that can be worn wrapped\naround the waist). \nAt six months into a woman’s first pregnancy, one of her brothers ties a\nstring of pandanus leaf around her clothed belly and cuts it with a\nknife or scissors. This string is tied around a tree, e.g. a coconut\ntree, by the father-to-be, which is a sign that this tree now belongs to\nthe brother. The name of this ritual is koramtolma (koram has no\nindependent meaning; tolma means ‘to cut a string’). \nTwo other marked events are the bathing of the child at less than three\ndays after birth, and the bathing of the mother 40 days after giving\nbirth, after which the child may come out of the house (‘see the sun’)\nfor the first time. The first feeding of the child is also around this\ntime, and is accompanied by bestowing a name upon the child (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a> about names). The name is\nchosen by an older, respected community member. The child’s first\nhaircut is a festive gathering where a brother of the mother cuts off a\nbit of the child’s first hair. Attendees give money to the parents. The\nfirst haircut was traditionally observed in earlier times, but has only\nrecently become celebrated as a festive event. \nCircumcision is practised on both boys and girls when they are around\nnine years of age. The ritual is only attended and performed by people\nof the same sex as the child(ren) to be circumcised. Male circumcision\nis the cutting of the foreskin. It is unknown what female circumcision\non Karas consists of. The ritual is typically performed for more than\none child at the same time, and with inhabitants from both Kalamang- and\nUruangnirin-speaking villages combined. It is a big festive occasion\nthat is combined with dancing in the evening, comparable to marriages. \nDances are called nasula or tarian (Indonesian tarian; menari).\nConsultants report that people used to dance together in double pairs\n(two men and two women) lead by a foreman, but this practice has\ndisappeared. People dance on their own when performing traditional\ndances. The dances are accompanied by the beating of two types of drums\n(tiri, a flat drum with hide on top, hit with the hand, and tetetas,\na tall drum with hide on the side, hit with a stick), a gong and a\nflute. During my visits, no flute was available and a recording of the\nflute was played instead, while the drums were played live. Recordings\nof drumming and dancing are available in the corpus.[^6] Contemporary\ndancing (Indonesian joget) is mainly performed by adolescents to\ncontemporary Indonesian music and often takes the form of line-dancing\nor dancing in groups where everyone performs the same movements. \nAll rituals are accompanied by Islamic prayers, recited by the imam, who\nsits in front of a tray with a glass of cigarettes, betel leaves and\nincense. The prayers are joined by the men, and sometimes also the\nwomen. Another regular feature of rituals is a shared meal or tea. For\nboth prayers and the meal, it is common that the men sit in the guest\nreception room (the most important and biggest room of the house,\nlocated at the front, Indonesian ruang tamu) and the women and\nchildren are in the back of the house, close to the kitchen. This\npractice is not always strictly observed, and especially older women may\njoin the men in the front. A meal consists at least of coffee and tea\nserved with tea sweets (various cakes and fried tubers and banana), and\noften also includes warm food (rice and several fish and meat\naccompaniments). While people sit in a big rectangle on the floor along\nthe wall, the food is served in the middle of the room in a smaller\nsquare or rectangle, typically on a cloth or a banner on the floor. Food\nis served on evenly spaced plates, from which people serve to their own\nplates. Water is served in sealed plastic cups. Very sweet coffee and\ntea is served in glasses filled to the brim as a sign of respect (this\nalso applies to serving coffee and tea at home, whereas boiled water is\nthe norm to drink and serve at home).[^7] \nThe feeding of ancestors is practised when people want to build on a new\nsite, or get rid of pain or an illness they think they have contracted\nfrom a certain place (say a root that they stumbled over). I have not\nwitnessed this, but the ritual is described by consultants as follows.\nIn the house of the traditional authority (Indonesian tokoh adat), a\nplate is prepared with bits of betel nut, betel leaf, cooked fish,\ncoconut, tobacco, root vegetables or banana, rice, black cloth, cooking\noil and an egg. Sometimes prayers are read. The tokoh adat then takes\nthe plate to the place in question, or to a small rock in the sea in\nfront of Mas village (which is said to be related to the tokoh adat’s\nancestors), and confers with the ancestors (without speaking out loud).\nFor particularly important matters, a freshly washed white chicken may\nbe brought to the place in question, where its throat is cut and its\nblood is spread. The chicken is then buried in the middle of the area\nwhere the blood was spread. \nMany people file their teeth as adolescents or young adults. It is\nunknown why. Tattoos and piercings are not allowed, but reports tattoos\non the chest and scarifications of crosses on the arms and shoulders.\nOne consultant says body paint was used in former times during war and\nhongi raids. Men wear their hair short and women long. Most people go\nbareheaded, but cover their heads on formal and religious occasions.\nPeople wear contemporary Indonesian attire. On formal, festive and\nreligious occasions this means a sarong, shirt and black cap (Indonesian\nsongkok) for men, and a sarong, blouse (Indonesian kebaya) and\nheadcloth for women. While some of the older women wear headcloths that\nonly cover the hair, most younger women choose to wear a tight-fitting\nhijab. \nThe main religion in Mas and Antalisa is Islam. While daily prayers\nafter sunset are only attended by a handful of pious men in Mas, the\nmidday Friday prayers are attended by most men and boys. Women are\nhardly seen in the mosque. Most children take lessons in learning to\nread Arabic and recite prayers for several years. Gatherings for\nblessing prayers (Indonesian doa selamat) are very common, and are\nheld for blessing e.g. new boats, children who are about to take an\nexam, people who are about to set off on a long journey, etc. Although\nthere are many wild pigs on Karas, no one eats pork. On Thursdays in the\nlate afternoon, prayers for the dead are recited in several homes, after\nwhich a visit to the graves is paid. \nIslam probably arrived on the island around the time when it fell under\nthe sultanate of Tidore, which existed from 1450 to 1904. J.C. Keyts,\nwho visited the Karas Islands in 1678, describes the inhabitants as\nheathens . In 1872, when J.G. Coorengel visited, the inhabitants of at\nleast Faor are described as Muslims . There might have been an\nin-between stage when only leaders were converted . The oldest people in\nMas confirm that their grandparents were Muslims as well. The Islamic\nreligion, as in many places in Indonesia, is mixed with local customs .\nAn example of this are the small offerings that accompany prayer\nrecital, usually in the form of betel nuts, cigarettes, betel leaves and\nsometimes pastries. \nKalamang people residing on the island have two main sources of income:\nfishing and the production of nutmeg and mace (from Myristica\nargentea). While some people have small businesses selling their fish\nin Fakfak on an irregular basis, most people sell their fish to a\nBalinese trading company that has a storage place for live fish floating\nin the water close to Antalisa or Mas . Species sold are groupers\n(Plectropomus leopardus, areolatus, maculatus and oligacanthus,\nCromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and mixed groupers,\naccording to ) and lobsters (Panulirus versicolor). Different kinds of\ndried trepang (species unknown) are sold in Fakfak. Kalamang people may\nfish anywhere in Karas district waters, although people have their\npreferred spots for finding certain fish. People may set up temporary\ncamps on beaches close to lobster-diving places, to collect lobsters\nover several days before selling. A semi-permanent camp, where people\nmay reside for up to several months, is Timi Nepnep in the southern part\nof Sebakor Bay (on the New Guinea mainland). Outsiders who want to fish\nin Karas waters[^8] must ask permission from one of the village heads. \nNutmeg and mace are planted in family gardens behind the white sand\nbeaches on the big Karas island. These gardens are inherited by the\neldest son, who must divide the land among the siblings, though men\ninherit more than women. One may only harvest one’s own nutmeg. Nutmeg\nand mace are sold to traders in Fakfak, the regency capital. Between\ntheir nutmeg plantations and the white sand beaches, people plant\ncoconut trees. These are mainly harvested for personal use. People also\nuse their land to source firewood and collect wild edible things such as\nTahitian chestnuts (Inocarpus fagifer). Some people have a vegetable\ngarden which may or may not be on the same beach as their nutmeg\nplantation. This is for personal use or to sell produce on a small scale\nto people in the village. The crops planted in gardens are typically\nmaize, tomato, aubergine, beans, root vegetables, several banana species\nand various leafy greens. The gardens are usually kept by couples. \nBesides a health station (Indonesian puskesmas), a community building\nand a mosque, both Mas and Antalisa have a primary school with six\ngrades. In Mas, the head of the school is currently a civil servant\ndeployed from his native Sulawesi. A group of two to four teachers,\nmostly local people, teach in the three classrooms. For junior high,\nchildren move to Malakuli or Fakfak. Although the official statistics\nfor Fakfak regency report a 99% school participation level, I estimate\nthe level to be a little lower, at least in Mas, where several children\nwere out of school during my visits. Those people who complete higher\neducation move to work in the district capital Malakuli, in Fakfak, or\nelsewhere in Indonesia. The only Karas-born person with higher education\nliving in Mas is one of the school teachers. \nChildren’s work consists of small jobs like getting water from the well,\nsweeping the floor and, for girls, washing clothes. Line fishing from\nthe dock is a common activity for both boys and girls, as well as female\nadolescents. Adolescent boys join their fathers fishing and diving.\nWomen may also join their husbands to assist in fishing and diving, and\nmay also be seen fishing from the dock at night, fishing from small\npaddle canoes, or searching for shells at low tide. Night fishing at low\ntide seems to be a men’s activity. Other men’s tasks are constructing\nhouses, repairing machines, maintaining canoes and chopping firewood.\nWomen are responsible for cleaning, cooking, gardening and washing.\nHandicrafts such as weaving baskets and mats are also practised by\nwomen, but many of the women under 40 no longer have these skills, as\ncheap plastic replacements for these items are now available. In the\nnutmeg plantations much of the work is joint, although it is the men who\nclimb the trees to pluck the nutmeg (with the help of a bamboo stick\nwith a barb on it), while the women gather the fruits on the ground and\nsplit them open. \nAlthough some of the rituals described earlier seem to suggest that\nKalamang society has a custom of marrying women and not men from outside\nthe island, both variants of exogamy are currently practised. Kalamang\npeople have intermarried with people from Java, the Moluccas (especially\nGorom), Sulawesi (especially Bugis and Muna) and closer islands such as\nthe Kei islands and the other Karas Islands. This process has been going\non for at least several decades, with one of my oldest consultants\nhaving a Buginese father. The reason many partners come from the same\nareas in Indonesia is that these people may suggest new partners from\ntheir home town for Kalamang people looking for a suitable partner.\nEndogamy is also allowed and, judging from the different terms for\ncross-cousins (korapmur, who can be married), and parallel cousins\n(dudanmur, who count as siblings and cannot be married) this has also\nbeen tradition. Polygamy is permitted but is not currently practised.\nBridewealth must be paid by the groom’s side to the bride’s side. This\nmay range from several million rupiah to several dozen million rupiah,\ndepending on the wealth of the family and status of the people to be\nmarried. A village marriage usually does not involve more than 10\nmillion rupiah (approximately € 600), but the bridewealth for a city\nmarriage between high earners with high-status jobs (such as civil\nservant or business owner) may approach 100 million rupiah\n(approximately € 6000). It is mainly the bride’s family’s responsibility\nto organise and pay for the wedding, but the groom’s family may help\nwith this as well. \nPeople live in large concrete or (increasingly rare) wooden houses with\none or sometimes two nuclear families, often accompanied by\n(grand)parents and sometimes unmarried siblings of the parents. It is\nalso common to live together with an adopted child if one is childless\n(typically the child of a sibling of the caretaker) or if the child is\nan orphan. Nieces and nephews are considered children by their aunts and\nuncles. Aunts and uncles of the same sex as the parent (mother’s sisters\nand father’s brothers) are called ema and esa, respectively, the\nsame word as used for ‘mother’ and ‘father’. The Kalamang kinship system\nis similar to an Iroquois kinship system (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a> for details). Everyone\nhas a surname. There are five surnames considered indigenous in Mas:\nGusek, Yarkuran, Yorkuran, Yorre and Wambur. People feel connected to\npeople with the same surname. Surnames are inherited from the father.\nMore information about kinship terms and terms of address can be found\nin §<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Laka's wife is tearing pandanus leaf.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Laka kieun padamualmasarut.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Laka kieun padamualmasarut.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Multiclausal constructions", "Header 2": "Conditional clauses", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "There are two strategies for forming conditional clauses. The first is\nwith a dedicated conditional clitic =o/=ero ‘if’ or concessive\n=taero ‘even if’ on the condition, described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:condmood\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:condmood\">[sec:condmood]</a>. The enclitic =o is\nexemplified in(<a href=\"#exe:waroobes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:waroobes\">[exe:waroobes]</a>). The Malay loan\nkalau ‘if’ was discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:condconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:condconj\">[sec:condconj]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \njadi tanaman pun demekian wat=o bes im=o bes sayang=o bes\nso plant even thus coconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nbanana=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nnutmeg=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\n‘So whichever plant \\[we grow\\], whether it’s coconut, banana or nutmeg,\nit’s good.’ <span id=\"exe:waroobes\" label=\"exe:waroobes\"></span> \n</div> \nThe second strategy for conditionals makes use of a clause-initial\nscene-setting topic, typically with a time adverbial, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:saunet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:saunet\">[exe:saunet]</a>)[^92]. It may be marked\nwith topic marker me and/or irrealis =et\n(§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>). The scene-setter is prosodically\nseparate from the main clause. It ends on a high pitch and is optionally\nfollowed by a pause. The scene-setter kasuret me\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kasuret\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kasuret\">[exe:kasuret]</a>), translated as\n‘tomorrow’, can be more literally translated as ‘when it is tomorrow’.\nThe conditional clause may also be followed by sequential conjunction\neba ‘then’, as in(<a href=\"#exe:sabeba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sabeba\">[exe:sabeba]</a>). An example with negative\ncondition ge=et me ‘if not’ is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:getmehe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:getmehe\">[exe:getmehe]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNene opa me, go_saunet, ma war.\nnene opa me go_saun=et ma war\ngrandmother <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nevening=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> fish\n‘That grandmother, when it was evening, she went fishing.’\n<span id=\"exe:saunet\" label=\"exe:saunet\"></span> Kasuret me kabon,\nAmbunbon, Serambon, tok bo rorpotma.\nkasur=et me ka=bon Ambun=bon Seram=bon tok bo ror-potma\ntomorrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg=com</span>\nAmbun=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nSeram=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> first go wood-cut\n‘Tomorrow, you, Ambun and Seram first go wood-cutting.’\n<span id=\"exe:kasuret\" label=\"exe:kasuret\"></span> In tok mara mengga\nhari sabtuet eba in maruaret.\nin tok mara mengga hari sabtu=et eba in maruat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> first move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> day\nSaturday=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nmove_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘We go towards land first, when it’s Saturday, then we come towards\nsea.’ <span id=\"exe:sabeba\" label=\"exe:sabeba\"></span> al-un kinkinun\nge=et me se rasa\nstring-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> small\nno=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> like\n‘It has small strings, if not, it would have been good already.’\n<span id=\"exe:getmehe\" label=\"exe:getmehe\"></span> \n</div> \nBelow are three examples of conditional clauses with irrealis =et that\nare not time adverbials.\n(<a href=\"#exe:haletme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:haletme\">[exe:haletme]</a>) is taken from a\nrecording where the speaker teaches the addressee how to weave a\npandanus leaf envelope.\n(<a href=\"#exe:raweteba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:raweteba\">[exe:raweteba]</a>) again contains\nconjunction eba ‘then’. The combination of =et and eba does not\nnecessarily imply a conditional reading; it must be deduced from the\ncontext. Conditional clauses with irrealis =et can be translated with\neither ‘if’ or ‘when’. In some contexts, such as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:orkoet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:orkoet\">[exe:orkoet]</a>), either reading seems\nappropriate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkomahal=et me ukir=te\nnot_understand=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nmeasure=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘If \\[you\\] don’t understand, measure.’ <span id=\"exe:haletme\"\nlabel=\"exe:haletme\"></span> ma rap=et eba gier-un iriskap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nlaugh=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\ntooth-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> white\n‘When he laughs, his teeth are white.’ <span id=\"exe:raweteba\"\nlabel=\"exe:raweteba\"></span> an or=et mu toni sabar-kadok=a iren, an\nsabar=ko=et mu toni or-kadok=a iren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nback=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say\nfront-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> white\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nfront=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say\nback-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> white\n‘If/when I’m in the back they say the one in the front is white, if/when\nI’m in the front they say the one in the back is white.’\n<span id=\"exe:orkoet\" label=\"exe:orkoet\"></span> \n</div> \nConditional constructions with =et and eba may be expanded with\ndistal locative metko ‘there’. These are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:medisc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:medisc\">[sec:medisc]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "Ethnographic and socio-economic remarks", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "There is no previous ethnographic research conducted on Karas or the\nKalamang-speaking community. In this section, I share my own\nethnographic observations. All fieldwork was carried out in Mas, and\nthese ethnographic remarks are based on what I observed there,\nsupplemented by a cultural questionnaire I completed in 2019 with three\npeople from Mas.[^5] I have regularly visited Antalisa during all field\ntrips, and have no reason to believe that there are substantial\ndifferences between the villages. \nThe Kalamang-speaking community is largely comprised of fishermen and\nfarmers of nutmeg. They live in two villages, each with their own\nvillage head, following Indonesian social organisation. The kinship\nsystem is patrilineal. Close relationships, outside the nuclear family,\nare maintained with parents, aunts and uncles, and cousins. Resources\nare often pooled within the extended family for large undertakings like\nbuilding a house, or expensive events like tertiary education or\nmarriage. The woman is the head of the household, and the man is mainly\nresponsible for fishing. Nutmeg farming is an extended family business.\nThe inhabitants of Mas and Antalisa are Muslims, observing many Islamic\ncustoms, though mixing them with local ones. The majority live in\nconcrete houses roughly organized around a central square containing the\nvillage mosque. There is no known art. The skills for other material\nculture, such as woven products and canoes, are still practised but are\non the verge of being superseded by purchased modern materials. \nI have knowledge of rites connected to the following life events:\npregnancy, the first time a newborn leaves the house, the child’s first\nhaircut, circumcision, prenuptial negotiations, welcoming a new wife to\nthe island, marriage, the third day of marriage, entering other people’s\nhouses for the first time (for wives from outside the island), putting\nthe roof on a house, burial and memorials of a death. The following is a\nlist of recordings in the corpus where these rites are illustrated. The\ncode is a unique corpus tag. With help of this tag, the relevant\nrecordings and supplementary material like photographs can be found in\nthe corpus. An overview of all recordings can be found in the Appendix\non page. \n- prenuptial negotiations:\n[narr2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BCF-3) \n- welcoming a new wife (Tenggelele):\n[conv8](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D) \n- marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- third day of marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- putting the roof on a house:\n[narr3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD7-2) \n- burial: [conv7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC3-B) \n- death memorials:\n[narr1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD8-4) \nI have observed first-hand all the above-mentioned rituals with three\nexceptions: the rituals relating to entering someone’s house for the\nfirst time, pregnancy, and circumcision. Consultants have described\nthese as follows. \nWhen a wife from outside the island marries a man from Mas or Antalisa,\nshe cannot enter other people’s houses before the following ritual is\nperformed. The owners of the house must spread out a white cloth from\nthe entrance of their house, via which the woman enters. After that, she\nreceives another piece of cloth (typically an industrially-made\n“sarong”, a square piece or tube of cloth that can be worn wrapped\naround the waist). \nAt six months into a woman’s first pregnancy, one of her brothers ties a\nstring of pandanus leaf around her clothed belly and cuts it with a\nknife or scissors. This string is tied around a tree, e.g. a coconut\ntree, by the father-to-be, which is a sign that this tree now belongs to\nthe brother. The name of this ritual is koramtolma (koram has no\nindependent meaning; tolma means ‘to cut a string’). \nTwo other marked events are the bathing of the child at less than three\ndays after birth, and the bathing of the mother 40 days after giving\nbirth, after which the child may come out of the house (‘see the sun’)\nfor the first time. The first feeding of the child is also around this\ntime, and is accompanied by bestowing a name upon the child (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a> about names). The name is\nchosen by an older, respected community member. The child’s first\nhaircut is a festive gathering where a brother of the mother cuts off a\nbit of the child’s first hair. Attendees give money to the parents. The\nfirst haircut was traditionally observed in earlier times, but has only\nrecently become celebrated as a festive event. \nCircumcision is practised on both boys and girls when they are around\nnine years of age. The ritual is only attended and performed by people\nof the same sex as the child(ren) to be circumcised. Male circumcision\nis the cutting of the foreskin. It is unknown what female circumcision\non Karas consists of. The ritual is typically performed for more than\none child at the same time, and with inhabitants from both Kalamang- and\nUruangnirin-speaking villages combined. It is a big festive occasion\nthat is combined with dancing in the evening, comparable to marriages. \nDances are called nasula or tarian (Indonesian tarian; menari).\nConsultants report that people used to dance together in double pairs\n(two men and two women) lead by a foreman, but this practice has\ndisappeared. People dance on their own when performing traditional\ndances. The dances are accompanied by the beating of two types of drums\n(tiri, a flat drum with hide on top, hit with the hand, and tetetas,\na tall drum with hide on the side, hit with a stick), a gong and a\nflute. During my visits, no flute was available and a recording of the\nflute was played instead, while the drums were played live. Recordings\nof drumming and dancing are available in the corpus.[^6] Contemporary\ndancing (Indonesian joget) is mainly performed by adolescents to\ncontemporary Indonesian music and often takes the form of line-dancing\nor dancing in groups where everyone performs the same movements. \nAll rituals are accompanied by Islamic prayers, recited by the imam, who\nsits in front of a tray with a glass of cigarettes, betel leaves and\nincense. The prayers are joined by the men, and sometimes also the\nwomen. Another regular feature of rituals is a shared meal or tea. For\nboth prayers and the meal, it is common that the men sit in the guest\nreception room (the most important and biggest room of the house,\nlocated at the front, Indonesian ruang tamu) and the women and\nchildren are in the back of the house, close to the kitchen. This\npractice is not always strictly observed, and especially older women may\njoin the men in the front. A meal consists at least of coffee and tea\nserved with tea sweets (various cakes and fried tubers and banana), and\noften also includes warm food (rice and several fish and meat\naccompaniments). While people sit in a big rectangle on the floor along\nthe wall, the food is served in the middle of the room in a smaller\nsquare or rectangle, typically on a cloth or a banner on the floor. Food\nis served on evenly spaced plates, from which people serve to their own\nplates. Water is served in sealed plastic cups. Very sweet coffee and\ntea is served in glasses filled to the brim as a sign of respect (this\nalso applies to serving coffee and tea at home, whereas boiled water is\nthe norm to drink and serve at home).[^7] \nThe feeding of ancestors is practised when people want to build on a new\nsite, or get rid of pain or an illness they think they have contracted\nfrom a certain place (say a root that they stumbled over). I have not\nwitnessed this, but the ritual is described by consultants as follows.\nIn the house of the traditional authority (Indonesian tokoh adat), a\nplate is prepared with bits of betel nut, betel leaf, cooked fish,\ncoconut, tobacco, root vegetables or banana, rice, black cloth, cooking\noil and an egg. Sometimes prayers are read. The tokoh adat then takes\nthe plate to the place in question, or to a small rock in the sea in\nfront of Mas village (which is said to be related to the tokoh adat’s\nancestors), and confers with the ancestors (without speaking out loud).\nFor particularly important matters, a freshly washed white chicken may\nbe brought to the place in question, where its throat is cut and its\nblood is spread. The chicken is then buried in the middle of the area\nwhere the blood was spread. \nMany people file their teeth as adolescents or young adults. It is\nunknown why. Tattoos and piercings are not allowed, but reports tattoos\non the chest and scarifications of crosses on the arms and shoulders.\nOne consultant says body paint was used in former times during war and\nhongi raids. Men wear their hair short and women long. Most people go\nbareheaded, but cover their heads on formal and religious occasions.\nPeople wear contemporary Indonesian attire. On formal, festive and\nreligious occasions this means a sarong, shirt and black cap (Indonesian\nsongkok) for men, and a sarong, blouse (Indonesian kebaya) and\nheadcloth for women. While some of the older women wear headcloths that\nonly cover the hair, most younger women choose to wear a tight-fitting\nhijab. \nThe main religion in Mas and Antalisa is Islam. While daily prayers\nafter sunset are only attended by a handful of pious men in Mas, the\nmidday Friday prayers are attended by most men and boys. Women are\nhardly seen in the mosque. Most children take lessons in learning to\nread Arabic and recite prayers for several years. Gatherings for\nblessing prayers (Indonesian doa selamat) are very common, and are\nheld for blessing e.g. new boats, children who are about to take an\nexam, people who are about to set off on a long journey, etc. Although\nthere are many wild pigs on Karas, no one eats pork. On Thursdays in the\nlate afternoon, prayers for the dead are recited in several homes, after\nwhich a visit to the graves is paid. \nIslam probably arrived on the island around the time when it fell under\nthe sultanate of Tidore, which existed from 1450 to 1904. J.C. Keyts,\nwho visited the Karas Islands in 1678, describes the inhabitants as\nheathens . In 1872, when J.G. Coorengel visited, the inhabitants of at\nleast Faor are described as Muslims . There might have been an\nin-between stage when only leaders were converted . The oldest people in\nMas confirm that their grandparents were Muslims as well. The Islamic\nreligion, as in many places in Indonesia, is mixed with local customs .\nAn example of this are the small offerings that accompany prayer\nrecital, usually in the form of betel nuts, cigarettes, betel leaves and\nsometimes pastries. \nKalamang people residing on the island have two main sources of income:\nfishing and the production of nutmeg and mace (from Myristica\nargentea). While some people have small businesses selling their fish\nin Fakfak on an irregular basis, most people sell their fish to a\nBalinese trading company that has a storage place for live fish floating\nin the water close to Antalisa or Mas . Species sold are groupers\n(Plectropomus leopardus, areolatus, maculatus and oligacanthus,\nCromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and mixed groupers,\naccording to ) and lobsters (Panulirus versicolor). Different kinds of\ndried trepang (species unknown) are sold in Fakfak. Kalamang people may\nfish anywhere in Karas district waters, although people have their\npreferred spots for finding certain fish. People may set up temporary\ncamps on beaches close to lobster-diving places, to collect lobsters\nover several days before selling. A semi-permanent camp, where people\nmay reside for up to several months, is Timi Nepnep in the southern part\nof Sebakor Bay (on the New Guinea mainland). Outsiders who want to fish\nin Karas waters[^8] must ask permission from one of the village heads. \nNutmeg and mace are planted in family gardens behind the white sand\nbeaches on the big Karas island. These gardens are inherited by the\neldest son, who must divide the land among the siblings, though men\ninherit more than women. One may only harvest one’s own nutmeg. Nutmeg\nand mace are sold to traders in Fakfak, the regency capital. Between\ntheir nutmeg plantations and the white sand beaches, people plant\ncoconut trees. These are mainly harvested for personal use. People also\nuse their land to source firewood and collect wild edible things such as\nTahitian chestnuts (Inocarpus fagifer). Some people have a vegetable\ngarden which may or may not be on the same beach as their nutmeg\nplantation. This is for personal use or to sell produce on a small scale\nto people in the village. The crops planted in gardens are typically\nmaize, tomato, aubergine, beans, root vegetables, several banana species\nand various leafy greens. The gardens are usually kept by couples. \nBesides a health station (Indonesian puskesmas), a community building\nand a mosque, both Mas and Antalisa have a primary school with six\ngrades. In Mas, the head of the school is currently a civil servant\ndeployed from his native Sulawesi. A group of two to four teachers,\nmostly local people, teach in the three classrooms. For junior high,\nchildren move to Malakuli or Fakfak. Although the official statistics\nfor Fakfak regency report a 99% school participation level, I estimate\nthe level to be a little lower, at least in Mas, where several children\nwere out of school during my visits. Those people who complete higher\neducation move to work in the district capital Malakuli, in Fakfak, or\nelsewhere in Indonesia. The only Karas-born person with higher education\nliving in Mas is one of the school teachers. \nChildren’s work consists of small jobs like getting water from the well,\nsweeping the floor and, for girls, washing clothes. Line fishing from\nthe dock is a common activity for both boys and girls, as well as female\nadolescents. Adolescent boys join their fathers fishing and diving.\nWomen may also join their husbands to assist in fishing and diving, and\nmay also be seen fishing from the dock at night, fishing from small\npaddle canoes, or searching for shells at low tide. Night fishing at low\ntide seems to be a men’s activity. Other men’s tasks are constructing\nhouses, repairing machines, maintaining canoes and chopping firewood.\nWomen are responsible for cleaning, cooking, gardening and washing.\nHandicrafts such as weaving baskets and mats are also practised by\nwomen, but many of the women under 40 no longer have these skills, as\ncheap plastic replacements for these items are now available. In the\nnutmeg plantations much of the work is joint, although it is the men who\nclimb the trees to pluck the nutmeg (with the help of a bamboo stick\nwith a barb on it), while the women gather the fruits on the ground and\nsplit them open. \nAlthough some of the rituals described earlier seem to suggest that\nKalamang society has a custom of marrying women and not men from outside\nthe island, both variants of exogamy are currently practised. Kalamang\npeople have intermarried with people from Java, the Moluccas (especially\nGorom), Sulawesi (especially Bugis and Muna) and closer islands such as\nthe Kei islands and the other Karas Islands. This process has been going\non for at least several decades, with one of my oldest consultants\nhaving a Buginese father. The reason many partners come from the same\nareas in Indonesia is that these people may suggest new partners from\ntheir home town for Kalamang people looking for a suitable partner.\nEndogamy is also allowed and, judging from the different terms for\ncross-cousins (korapmur, who can be married), and parallel cousins\n(dudanmur, who count as siblings and cannot be married) this has also\nbeen tradition. Polygamy is permitted but is not currently practised.\nBridewealth must be paid by the groom’s side to the bride’s side. This\nmay range from several million rupiah to several dozen million rupiah,\ndepending on the wealth of the family and status of the people to be\nmarried. A village marriage usually does not involve more than 10\nmillion rupiah (approximately € 600), but the bridewealth for a city\nmarriage between high earners with high-status jobs (such as civil\nservant or business owner) may approach 100 million rupiah\n(approximately € 6000). It is mainly the bride’s family’s responsibility\nto organise and pay for the wedding, but the groom’s family may help\nwith this as well. \nPeople live in large concrete or (increasingly rare) wooden houses with\none or sometimes two nuclear families, often accompanied by\n(grand)parents and sometimes unmarried siblings of the parents. It is\nalso common to live together with an adopted child if one is childless\n(typically the child of a sibling of the caretaker) or if the child is\nan orphan. Nieces and nephews are considered children by their aunts and\nuncles. Aunts and uncles of the same sex as the parent (mother’s sisters\nand father’s brothers) are called ema and esa, respectively, the\nsame word as used for ‘mother’ and ‘father’. The Kalamang kinship system\nis similar to an Iroquois kinship system (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a> for details). Everyone\nhas a surname. There are five surnames considered indigenous in Mas:\nGusek, Yarkuran, Yorkuran, Yorre and Wambur. People feel connected to\npeople with the same surname. Surnames are inherited from the father.\nMore information about kinship terms and terms of address can be found\nin §<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>." } ], "index": 63, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Laka's wife is tearing pandanus leaf.", "split": "train" }
Tum me senang ma kewo belajar.	That kid is happy to study at home.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: That kid is happy to study at home.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"That\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chat\nKalamang translation: rer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"That\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: with that\nKalamang translation: minggi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"kid\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: lid\nKalamang translation: sanggan; sangganun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"kid\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: kidneys\nKalamang translation: kale; kir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"happy\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: half\nKalamang translation: tabak; tabaon; taikon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"happy\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: happy\nKalamang translation: gampang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"study\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tree stump\nKalamang translation: ror tabur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"study\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: it's cloudy\nKalamang translation: go git\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: laugh at\nKalamang translation: komayeki\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: at its place\nKalamang translation: terunggo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"home\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: some\nKalamang translation: ikon; taukon; utkon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"home\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: become\nKalamang translation: jadi; ra\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"That\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person has a wide anus.\nKalamang translation: Som yumene kahamanpos luas.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"That\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person sells garlic, not onion.\nKalamang translation: Sontum me bawang iriskaptenara parin, bawang kerkap ge.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"kid\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We call the kids to return.\nKalamang translation: In tok tumtum gonggung yecie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"kid\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That kid is white like a Javanese.\nKalamang translation: Tumun imene iren nain Jawasontumgap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"happy\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My bag has disappeared.\nKalamang translation: Tasan he gosomin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"happy\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I have nits.\nKalamang translation: Anan mun sunsun mambon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"study\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are walking down those stairs.\nKalamang translation: Mu but yumenggara marmari bara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"study\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He is a thief. He steals stuff.\nKalamang translation: Ma me sontum eksueren. Ma don kuek.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many pandanus at the cape.\nKalamang translation: Diwadiwal karimunggo reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to go fishing at the dock.\nKalamang translation: An bo jambatanggoa warkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"home\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We like to look at the welcome gate from the dock.\nKalamang translation: Pi los kerungga gapurat komet me rasa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"home\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Some I chop up, maybe twenty pieces or so.\nKalamang translation: Ikoni an se parair mungkin etpurirkonggap ye.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nIn this section, I discuss Kalamang orthography and the notation of\nexamples, including glossing conventions. \nThere is no standardised Kalamang orthography. As explained in\n§<a href=\"#sec:socioling\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:socioling\">[sec:socioling]</a>, Kalamang has only\nrecently become a written language, and only in the context of text\nmessages and messages on social media platforms, typically by non-fluent\nspeakers. When they write Kalamang, there is variation in the\northography – for example, the spelling of \\[ŋg\\] as \\<ng\\> or \\<ngg\\>,\nthe spelling of vowel sequences and glides, and segmentation. However,\nbecause this variation does not seem to lead to confusion, and because\nIndonesian orthography fits very well to Kalamang phonology, there has\nbeen no request from the Kalamang-speaking community for a standardised\northography. The orthography I developed for this study is only adopted\nby myself. It is based on Indonesian orthography, and nearly identical\nto IPA, with several exceptions: /ɟ/ which is spelled \\<j\\>, /j/ which\nis spelled \\<y\\> and /ŋ/ which is spelled \\<ng\\>. \nMost examples in this study are given as multi-tier glossed examples,\ntypically consisting of three lines. On the first line, a phonemic\nrepresentation of the words, divided into morphemes, is given. In most\ncases, the word or morpheme under discussion is in bold. This line may\ncontain three full stops between square brackets (i.e. \\[...\\]) to\nindicate that a part of the original utterance is elided. I do not use\npunctuation in this line, because it is the underlying (phonemic) form\nand because it is often taken from a bigger context. The second line\ngives a gloss for each morpheme. The third line gives a free translation\ninto English and the source of the utterance (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:corpus\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:corpus\">[sec:corpus]</a>). This line includes\ninterpunction to increase readability. Note that the interpunction, like\nthe translation itself, is a free interpretation of the original\nKalamang. This is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kintonii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kintonii\">[exe:kintonii]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan se toni min=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwant sleep=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘I already wanted to sleep.’ <span id=\"exe:kintonii\"\nlabel=\"exe:kintonii\"></span> \n</div> \nA minority of the examples contain an extra line on top with the\northographic representation of the utterance, including punctuation.\nThis is used when intonation is considered of importance to illustrate\nthe point made with the example. A comma indicates non-final intonation\nand a full stop indicates final intonation. This line may also include\nthree full stops for a long pause, quotation marks, question marks,\nexclamation marks or IPA length marks. An example\nis(<a href=\"#exe:sortamm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sortamm\">[exe:sortamm]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMa toni: “Eh, sor wa me tamandi, pi parinet ye, pi parairet, siraet.”\nma toni eh sor wa me tamandi pi parin=et ye pi parair=et sira=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say hey fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nhow <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nsell=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> or\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nsplit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nsalt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘He said: “Hey, these fish, how \\[should we treat them\\]? Do we sell\nthem, or do we split and salt them?”’ <span id=\"exe:sortamm\"\nlabel=\"exe:sortamm\"></span> \n</div> \nThe free translation may contain words within square brackets, which\nindicates linguistic material that is not found in the original\nKalamang, but which is needed to form a grammatical or comprehensible\nEnglish translation. In the glosses, I follow the Leipzig Glossing Rules\n, supplemented with suggestions for grammatical category labels by\nChristian Lehmann when the former did not supply any.[^29] The used\nabbreviations can be found in the Abbreviations section on page.\nStative verbs like kahen* ‘to be far’ or baranggap ‘to be yellow’,\nwhich are adverbs or adjectives in English, are glossed without the\ninfinitive marker and copula verb to save space. The same is true for\nwords that can be used as a noun or as a predicate, such as the\nIndonesian loan guru ‘teacher; to be teacher’. In elicited examples,\nthe first line may be preceded by an asterisk to mark unacceptability.\nWhen Kalamang words or phrases are quoted in running text they are\nprinted in italics, followed by a translation in single quotation marks\nor a gloss in small caps. In general, I have attempted to follow the\nGeneric Style Rules for Linguistics . \nSometimes I refer to morphemes as ‘indigenous’ as opposed to borrowings.\nThis means that I cannot recognise the form as a borrowing, but I make\nno claim whatsoever about the origin of the form.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:locclau\" label=\"sec:locclau\"></span> Locative and lative\nclauses are clauses where the predicate is a NP marked with a locative\nor lative postposition (§<a href=\"#sec:case\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:case\">[sec:case]</a>). \nLocative clauses express location. Locative predicates are NPs that\nrefer to a location, inflected with the locative postposition =ko. A\nNP carrying locative =ko may be preceded or followed by a verb. In\nsuch cases, I analyse the locative NP and the verb as a complex\npredicate. For the rules governing the ordering of verbs and locatives,\nsee Chapter<a href=\"#ch:svc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:svc\">[ch:svc]</a>. When a noun inflected with =ko\nis not preceded or followed by a verb, it is the predicate of the clause\non its own, as in(<a href=\"#exe:keweo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:keweo\">[exe:keweo]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu toni ma<sub>S</sub> kewe-ko<sub>Pred</sub>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘They say he is at home.’ <span id=\"exe:keweo\" label=\"exe:keweo\"></span> \n</div> \nNPs marked with the lative postposition =ka, which marks movement from\nor towards, are usually combined with other verbs. They are very seldom\nthe predicate on their own. One such example, with =ka fused with\ndistal demonstrative me as mengga, is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:Manggan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:Manggan\">[exe:Manggan]</a>), where the speaker sums\nup all the houses she hasn’t visited yet (an action which for married\nwomen is related to a ritual). The combination of lative NPs and verbs\nis described in Chapter<a href=\"#ch:svc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:svc\">[ch:svc]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntete Manggan mu tok mengga=nin<sub>Pred</sub> weinun\ngrandfather Manggan <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> yet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat=neg</span> too\n‘\\[I\\] haven’t yet been to grandfather Manggan’s either.’\n<span id=\"exe:Manggan\" label=\"exe:Manggan\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: That kid is happy to study at home.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Tum me senang ma kewo belajar.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Tum me senang ma kewo belajar.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "This study", "Header 3": "Notation systems", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "In this section, I discuss Kalamang orthography and the notation of\nexamples, including glossing conventions. \nThere is no standardised Kalamang orthography. As explained in\n§<a href=\"#sec:socioling\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:socioling\">[sec:socioling]</a>, Kalamang has only\nrecently become a written language, and only in the context of text\nmessages and messages on social media platforms, typically by non-fluent\nspeakers. When they write Kalamang, there is variation in the\northography – for example, the spelling of \\[ŋg\\] as \\<ng\\> or \\<ngg\\>,\nthe spelling of vowel sequences and glides, and segmentation. However,\nbecause this variation does not seem to lead to confusion, and because\nIndonesian orthography fits very well to Kalamang phonology, there has\nbeen no request from the Kalamang-speaking community for a standardised\northography. The orthography I developed for this study is only adopted\nby myself. It is based on Indonesian orthography, and nearly identical\nto IPA, with several exceptions: /ɟ/ which is spelled \\<j\\>, /j/ which\nis spelled \\<y\\> and /ŋ/ which is spelled \\<ng\\>. \nMost examples in this study are given as multi-tier glossed examples,\ntypically consisting of three lines. On the first line, a phonemic\nrepresentation of the words, divided into morphemes, is given. In most\ncases, the word or morpheme under discussion is in bold. This line may\ncontain three full stops between square brackets (i.e. \\[...\\]) to\nindicate that a part of the original utterance is elided. I do not use\npunctuation in this line, because it is the underlying (phonemic) form\nand because it is often taken from a bigger context. The second line\ngives a gloss for each morpheme. The third line gives a free translation\ninto English and the source of the utterance (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:corpus\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:corpus\">[sec:corpus]</a>). This line includes\ninterpunction to increase readability. Note that the interpunction, like\nthe translation itself, is a free interpretation of the original\nKalamang. This is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kintonii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kintonii\">[exe:kintonii]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan se toni min=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwant sleep=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘I already wanted to sleep.’ <span id=\"exe:kintonii\"\nlabel=\"exe:kintonii\"></span> \n</div> \nA minority of the examples contain an extra line on top with the\northographic representation of the utterance, including punctuation.\nThis is used when intonation is considered of importance to illustrate\nthe point made with the example. A comma indicates non-final intonation\nand a full stop indicates final intonation. This line may also include\nthree full stops for a long pause, quotation marks, question marks,\nexclamation marks or IPA length marks. An example\nis(<a href=\"#exe:sortamm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sortamm\">[exe:sortamm]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMa toni: “Eh, sor wa me tamandi, pi parinet ye, pi parairet, siraet.”\nma toni eh sor wa me tamandi pi parin=et ye pi parair=et sira=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say hey fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nhow <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nsell=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> or\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nsplit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nsalt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘He said: “Hey, these fish, how \\[should we treat them\\]? Do we sell\nthem, or do we split and salt them?”’ <span id=\"exe:sortamm\"\nlabel=\"exe:sortamm\"></span> \n</div> \nThe free translation may contain words within square brackets, which\nindicates linguistic material that is not found in the original\nKalamang, but which is needed to form a grammatical or comprehensible\nEnglish translation. In the glosses, I follow the Leipzig Glossing Rules\n, supplemented with suggestions for grammatical category labels by\nChristian Lehmann when the former did not supply any.[^29] The used\nabbreviations can be found in the Abbreviations section on page.\nStative verbs like kahen ‘to be far’ or baranggap ‘to be yellow’,\nwhich are adverbs or adjectives in English, are glossed without the\ninfinitive marker and copula verb to save space. The same is true for\nwords that can be used as a noun or as a predicate, such as the\nIndonesian loan guru ‘teacher; to be teacher’. In elicited examples,\nthe first line may be preceded by an asterisk to mark unacceptability.\nWhen Kalamang words or phrases are quoted in running text they are\nprinted in italics, followed by a translation in single quotation marks\nor a gloss in small caps. In general, I have attempted to follow the\nGeneric Style Rules for Linguistics . \nSometimes I refer to morphemes as ‘indigenous’ as opposed to borrowings.\nThis means that I cannot recognise the form as a borrowing, but I make\nno claim whatsoever about the origin of the form." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "The clause", "Header 2": "Non-verbal clauses", "Header 3": "Locative and lative clauses", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:locclau\" label=\"sec:locclau\"></span> Locative and lative\nclauses are clauses where the predicate is a NP marked with a locative\nor lative postposition (§<a href=\"#sec:case\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:case\">[sec:case]</a>). \nLocative clauses express location. Locative predicates are NPs that\nrefer to a location, inflected with the locative postposition =ko. A\nNP carrying locative =ko may be preceded or followed by a verb. In\nsuch cases, I analyse the locative NP and the verb as a complex\npredicate. For the rules governing the ordering of verbs and locatives,\nsee Chapter<a href=\"#ch:svc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:svc\">[ch:svc]</a>. When a noun inflected with =ko\nis not preceded or followed by a verb, it is the predicate of the clause\non its own, as in(<a href=\"#exe:keweo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:keweo\">[exe:keweo]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu toni ma<sub>S</sub> kewe-ko<sub>Pred</sub>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘They say he is at home.’ <span id=\"exe:keweo\" label=\"exe:keweo\"></span> \n</div> \nNPs marked with the lative postposition =ka, which marks movement from\nor towards, are usually combined with other verbs. They are very seldom\nthe predicate on their own. One such example, with =ka fused with\ndistal demonstrative me as mengga, is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:Manggan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:Manggan\">[exe:Manggan]</a>), where the speaker sums\nup all the houses she hasn’t visited yet (an action which for married\nwomen is related to a ritual). The combination of lative NPs and verbs\nis described in Chapter<a href=\"#ch:svc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:svc\">[ch:svc]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntete Manggan mu tok mengga=nin<sub>Pred</sub> weinun\ngrandfather Manggan <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> yet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat=neg</span> too\n‘\\[I\\] haven’t yet been to grandfather Manggan’s either.’\n<span id=\"exe:Manggan\" label=\"exe:Manggan\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 64, "level": "low_resource", "question": "That kid is happy to study at home.", "split": "train" }
Kamun koyalin!	Don't touch!	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Don't touch!\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Don\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: full moon\nKalamang translation: pak tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Don\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: person\nKalamang translation: -et; som; sontum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"t\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: may the sun pull out your liver\nKalamang translation: yuon ba mintolmaretkon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"t\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: young coconut\nKalamang translation: wat kabur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"touch\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"touch\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: touch\nKalamang translation: kosara\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Don\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: This day, it was already late afternoon but the lamps weren't lighted.\nKalamang translation: Yuol wa me go he girgir lampur tok yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Don\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When it is west wind season there are frogs.\nKalamang translation: Musim kemanur me kareng se mambon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"t\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's mother is heating banana leaves, she wants to make a \"lamet\".\nKalamang translation: Ruslan emuna imolat balare lamerat paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"t\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many leaves at the side of our house, avocado leaves.\nKalamang translation: Kewe mul inggon me lolok reidak, afokat olun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"touch\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I hit a sharp thing, then I screamed: ouch!\nKalamang translation: An don kang komain, eba an arekmang: adihǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"touch\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sakina is pouching guavas.\nKalamang translation: Sakina sarimara lawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe predicate clitic =te marks a predicate as non-final. It can be\nfound on predicates followed by a clause with the same arguments, in\nwhich case the arguments are typically left out and the two predicates\ndirectly follow each other.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tankin\">[exe:tankin]</a>), tankinkin ‘to shake\nhands’ is followed by ecie ‘to return’. The clause following a\npredicate with =te may also have different arguments.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:mure\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mure\">[exe:mure]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:gonggungde\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gonggungde\">[exe:gonggungde]</a>), =te occurs on\nthe last verb of a clause, which is followed by a clause with another\nsubject, but which expresses an event that is related to the event in\nthe first clause. The relation is typically temporal (sequential) and\nslightly causal, but note that =te is never obligatory, and that\nsequentiality and causality may be expressed in other ways (as touched\nupon earlier in §<a href=\"#sec:clacomb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clacomb\">[sec:clacomb]</a>). =te is a versatile\nway of tying states and events together, without forcing a particular\nreading of the exact relation between the propositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum se tankinkin=te ecie-p∼cie-p\nperson <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nshake_hands=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nreturn-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\n‘People shook hands and returned.’ <span id=\"exe:tankin\"\nlabel=\"exe:tankin\"></span> ka mu ∅=te mu na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> consume\n‘You give \\[the food\\] to them, they eat. <span id=\"exe:mure\"\nlabel=\"exe:mure\"></span> kiun=at me ma gonggung=te ma kirarun=ko\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ncall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘His wife he calls, she \\[comes and sits\\] beside him.’\n<span id=\"exe:gonggungde\" label=\"exe:gonggungde\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =te is very common on bo ‘to go’ when it has the meaning\n‘to turn’, ‘to become’, or ‘until’. The predicates that follow bo=te\nin(<a href=\"#exe:borenain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:borenain\">[exe:borenain]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:boreyuol\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:boreyuol\">[exe:boreyuol]</a>) are nominal. Bo is\nalso used with non-final =te in its original sense, ‘to go’, when\ncombined with a location predicate, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sikanbo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikanbo\">[exe:sikanbo]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:borenain\" label=\"exe:borenain\"></span> se bo=te nain\npanggala naun=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\"><span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span></span>\nlike cassava fruit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\n‘\\[It’s\\] already becoming as big as a cassava.’ bo=te yuol me eba\nmetko nene toni o an kona\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> day\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span> grandmother say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">surpr</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nsee\n‘Until that day, only then grandmother said: “Oh, I see.”’\n<span id=\"exe:boreyuol\" label=\"exe:boreyuol\"></span> sikan bo=te\ntepeles nerun=ko\ncat go=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> jar\ninside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘The cat goes inside the jar.’ <span id=\"exe:sikanbo\"\nlabel=\"exe:sikanbo\"></span> \n</div> \nThe difference between non-final =te and eba ‘then’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:seqconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:seqconj\">[sec:seqconj]</a>) or tail-head linking\nwith =ikoyet (§<a href=\"#sec:tailhead\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:tailhead\">[sec:tailhead]</a>) is that the latter two\nstrategies are clause-chaining strategies, and non-final =te only\nlinks one event or action to another. \nThe difference between predicate linker =i\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvci\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvci\">14.1</a>) and non-final =te is that =i is\nexclusively used within the clause, which means that the verbs linked by\n=i must have the same arguments, whereas =te relates states and\nevents across clauses. Moreover, verb linker =i is used in complex\npredicates with certain semantics such as those expressing complex\nmotion, while =te is not associated with specific verb semantics.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:condmood\" label=\"sec:condmood\"></span> Conditional mood is\nmade with conditional clitic =o or =ero, which attaches to the\npredicate with the condition. The condition is followed by a new clause\nwith the consequence. It occurs about ten times in the corpus, and\nmostly in contexts with several conditions. The two variants of the\nclitic are given in(<a href=\"#exe:warobes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:warobes\">[exe:warobes]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:geroo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:geroo\">[exe:geroo]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:geroo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:geroo\">[exe:geroo]</a>) also shows a negative\ncondition. (<a href=\"#exe:nanere\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nanere\">[exe:nanere]</a>) shows a possible third\nvariant, =ere, but it occurs only in that utterance. Note that the\nconsequence is expressed as just a predicate in all cases in the corpus.\nThere is not enough data to determine for which types of conditions\n(e.g. implicative, predictive, indicative, counterfactual) these clitics\nare used. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \njadi tanaman pun demekian wat=o bes im=o bes sayang=o bes\nso plant even thus coconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nbanana=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nnutmeg=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\n‘So whichever plant \\[we grow\\], whether it’s coconut, banana or nutmeg,\nit’s good.’ <span id=\"exe:warobes\" label=\"exe:warobes\"></span> ka-tain=a\ntoni ka Tarus-pis=i bo=ero se bot ge=ero ge mu bukan in kat\npaksa=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>-alone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nsay <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nTarus-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\nnot=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> not\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nforce=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘You said yourself if you wanted to go to Tarus, you go, if not, not, we\ndidn’t force you.’ <span id=\"exe:geroo\" label=\"exe:geroo\"></span> ter\nnan=ere bisa kai nan=ere bisa\ntea consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> can medicine\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> can\n‘So \\[you\\] can drink it like tea and \\[you\\] can drink it like\nmedicine.’ \\[Lit.: ‘If you drink it like tea, that’s possible, if you\ntake it like medicine, that’s possible.’\\] <span id=\"exe:nanere\"\nlabel=\"exe:nanere\"></span> \n</div> \nA variant on the conditional is =taero ‘even if’, which is a\nconcessive that indicates that the condition in the first clause does\nnot prevent the statement in the second clause from being true. Like\n=ero, =taero ‘even if’ attaches to the condition, i.e. the predicate\nof the first clause, which is followed by a predicate-only clause with\nthe consequence. The clitic is frequently combined with Malay loan\nbiar ‘even if’, which precedes the conditional clause, without a\nchange in meaning. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbes bes wa me anti pasier=tenden bes pasier=at ma kosaran=taero\nbes\ngood good <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> resistant sea_water=so good\nsea_water=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> touch=even_if good\n‘It’s okay, it’s okay, this is sea water-resistant, it’s okay, even if\nhe touches the sea water it’s okay.’ <span id=\"exe:anti\"\nlabel=\"exe:anti\"></span> biar kon eir=taero panggalat=nin=et\neven_if one two=even_if\nswollen=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Even if \\[you use\\] one, two kilos \\[the rice\\] doesn’t get swollen.’\n<span id=\"exe:eirtaero\" label=\"exe:eirtaero\"></span> \n</div> \nThe long form of =taero and the fact that =ero or =o are the\nregular conditional morphemes suggest that this is a (diachronically)\nmultimorphemic form. One candidate for a source for =taero is =taet\n‘more; again’, which is a good semantic fit for ‘even if’.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Don't touch!\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Kamun koyalin!", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Kamun koyalin!", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Multiclausal constructions", "Header 2": "Coordination-like clause combining", "Header 3": "Non-final clauses", "Header 4": "Non-final =te" }, "passage": "The predicate clitic =te marks a predicate as non-final. It can be\nfound on predicates followed by a clause with the same arguments, in\nwhich case the arguments are typically left out and the two predicates\ndirectly follow each other.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tankin\">[exe:tankin]</a>), tankinkin ‘to shake\nhands’ is followed by ecie ‘to return’. The clause following a\npredicate with =te may also have different arguments.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:mure\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mure\">[exe:mure]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:gonggungde\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gonggungde\">[exe:gonggungde]</a>), =te occurs on\nthe last verb of a clause, which is followed by a clause with another\nsubject, but which expresses an event that is related to the event in\nthe first clause. The relation is typically temporal (sequential) and\nslightly causal, but note that =te is never obligatory, and that\nsequentiality and causality may be expressed in other ways (as touched\nupon earlier in §<a href=\"#sec:clacomb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clacomb\">[sec:clacomb]</a>). =te is a versatile\nway of tying states and events together, without forcing a particular\nreading of the exact relation between the propositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum se tankinkin=te ecie-p∼cie-p\nperson <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nshake_hands=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nreturn-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>\n‘People shook hands and returned.’ <span id=\"exe:tankin\"\nlabel=\"exe:tankin\"></span> ka mu ∅=te mu na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> consume\n‘You give \\[the food\\] to them, they eat. <span id=\"exe:mure\"\nlabel=\"exe:mure\"></span> kiun=at me ma gonggung=te ma kirarun=ko\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ncall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘His wife he calls, she \\[comes and sits\\] beside him.’\n<span id=\"exe:gonggungde\" label=\"exe:gonggungde\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =te is very common on bo ‘to go’ when it has the meaning\n‘to turn’, ‘to become’, or ‘until’. The predicates that follow bo=te\nin(<a href=\"#exe:borenain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:borenain\">[exe:borenain]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:boreyuol\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:boreyuol\">[exe:boreyuol]</a>) are nominal. Bo is\nalso used with non-final =te in its original sense, ‘to go’, when\ncombined with a location predicate, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sikanbo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikanbo\">[exe:sikanbo]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:borenain\" label=\"exe:borenain\"></span> se bo=te nain\npanggala naun=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\"><span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span></span>\nlike cassava fruit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\n‘\\[It’s\\] already becoming as big as a cassava.’ bo=te yuol me eba\nmetko nene toni o an kona\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> day\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span> grandmother say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">surpr</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nsee\n‘Until that day, only then grandmother said: “Oh, I see.”’\n<span id=\"exe:boreyuol\" label=\"exe:boreyuol\"></span> sikan bo=te\ntepeles nerun=ko\ncat go=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> jar\ninside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘The cat goes inside the jar.’ <span id=\"exe:sikanbo\"\nlabel=\"exe:sikanbo\"></span> \n</div> \nThe difference between non-final =te and eba ‘then’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:seqconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:seqconj\">[sec:seqconj]</a>) or tail-head linking\nwith =ikoyet (§<a href=\"#sec:tailhead\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:tailhead\">[sec:tailhead]</a>) is that the latter two\nstrategies are clause-chaining strategies, and non-final =te only\nlinks one event or action to another. \nThe difference between predicate linker =i\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvci\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvci\">14.1</a>) and non-final =te is that =i is\nexclusively used within the clause, which means that the verbs linked by\n=i must have the same arguments, whereas =te relates states and\nevents across clauses. Moreover, verb linker =i is used in complex\npredicates with certain semantics such as those expressing complex\nmotion, while =te is not associated with specific verb semantics." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Mood, aspect and modality marking", "Header 3": "Mood", "Header 4": "Conditional =o/=ero ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span>’" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:condmood\" label=\"sec:condmood\"></span> Conditional mood is\nmade with conditional clitic =o or =ero, which attaches to the\npredicate with the condition. The condition is followed by a new clause\nwith the consequence. It occurs about ten times in the corpus, and\nmostly in contexts with several conditions. The two variants of the\nclitic are given in(<a href=\"#exe:warobes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:warobes\">[exe:warobes]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:geroo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:geroo\">[exe:geroo]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:geroo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:geroo\">[exe:geroo]</a>) also shows a negative\ncondition. (<a href=\"#exe:nanere\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nanere\">[exe:nanere]</a>) shows a possible third\nvariant, =ere, but it occurs only in that utterance. Note that the\nconsequence is expressed as just a predicate in all cases in the corpus.\nThere is not enough data to determine for which types of conditions\n(e.g. implicative, predictive, indicative, counterfactual) these clitics\nare used. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \njadi tanaman pun demekian wat=o bes im=o bes sayang=o bes\nso plant even thus coconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nbanana=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\nnutmeg=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> good\n‘So whichever plant \\[we grow\\], whether it’s coconut, banana or nutmeg,\nit’s good.’ <span id=\"exe:warobes\" label=\"exe:warobes\"></span> ka-tain=a\ntoni ka Tarus-pis=i bo=ero se bot ge=ero ge mu bukan in kat\npaksa=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>-alone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nsay <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nTarus-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\nnot=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> not\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nforce=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘You said yourself if you wanted to go to Tarus, you go, if not, not, we\ndidn’t force you.’ <span id=\"exe:geroo\" label=\"exe:geroo\"></span> ter\nnan=ere bisa kai nan=ere bisa\ntea consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> can medicine\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> can\n‘So \\[you\\] can drink it like tea and \\[you\\] can drink it like\nmedicine.’ \\[Lit.: ‘If you drink it like tea, that’s possible, if you\ntake it like medicine, that’s possible.’\\] <span id=\"exe:nanere\"\nlabel=\"exe:nanere\"></span> \n</div> \nA variant on the conditional is =taero ‘even if’, which is a\nconcessive that indicates that the condition in the first clause does\nnot prevent the statement in the second clause from being true. Like\n=ero, =taero ‘even if’ attaches to the condition, i.e. the predicate\nof the first clause, which is followed by a predicate-only clause with\nthe consequence. The clitic is frequently combined with Malay loan\nbiar ‘even if’, which precedes the conditional clause, without a\nchange in meaning. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbes bes wa me anti pasier=tenden bes pasier=at ma kosaran=taero\nbes\ngood good <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> resistant sea_water=so good\nsea_water=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> touch=even_if good\n‘It’s okay, it’s okay, this is sea water-resistant, it’s okay, even if\nhe touches the sea water it’s okay.’ <span id=\"exe:anti\"\nlabel=\"exe:anti\"></span> biar kon eir=taero panggalat=nin=et\neven_if one two=even_if\nswollen=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Even if \\[you use\\] one, two kilos \\[the rice\\] doesn’t get swollen.’\n<span id=\"exe:eirtaero\" label=\"exe:eirtaero\"></span> \n</div> \nThe long form of =taero and the fact that =ero or =o are the\nregular conditional morphemes suggest that this is a (diachronically)\nmultimorphemic form. One candidate for a source for =taero is =taet\n‘more; again’, which is a good semantic fit for ‘even if’." } ], "index": 65, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Don't touch!", "split": "train" }
An gousat repte minggi kiemparuo.	I'm getting bamboo to make a basket with.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: I'm getting bamboo to make a basket with.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: month name\nKalamang translation: hajiwak; robaherpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: early morning\nKalamang translation: go dung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"getting\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"getting\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sting\nKalamang translation: sie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"bamboo\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: bamboo\nKalamang translation: daluang; gaus; gous; karuan; kasut; nop; tabul\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"bamboo\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: small bamboo type\nKalamang translation: lawan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"make\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: make soft\nKalamang translation: rarie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"make\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: make rim\nKalamang translation: kangjie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"basket\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tie a basket\nKalamang translation: sun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"basket\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: basket\nKalamang translation: karanjang; kiem; pan; kurera\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"with\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: shore birds with long feet\nKalamang translation: sikekan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"with\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: run away with woman\nKalamang translation: girgir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomorrow we go to Antalisa to marry Anafia and spouse.\nKalamang translation: Kasur in bo Tamisengga nahalarkin Anafia mu.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: How many glasses do you have?\nKalamang translation: Don pernananja losing puraman?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"getting\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"getting\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm getting strings for a basket.\nKalamang translation: An kiemalunara rep.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"bamboo\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person, barala-illness is disturbing him.\nKalamang translation: Som yumene barala mat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"bamboo\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dian's father is balancing the canoe.\nKalamang translation: Dian esun et nauanona reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"make\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor ordered Salima's grandfather to make a window.\nKalamang translation: Mayora sirie Salima taraun jendela paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"make\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother is sieving sago, she wants to make sago.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun muapsabur kurera reba minggi sanggeran paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I saw Hidayat's father and family skin a deer.\nKalamang translation: An kona Hidayat esun mu rusat kawaruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That crow is making a nest in the coconut.\nKalamang translation: Goras yume eunara wat kerunggo paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"basket\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomi's mother sits weaving a basket.\nKalamang translation: Tomi emun melalu kiemara kowam.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"basket\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The basket has big holes, stick leaves to it.\nKalamang translation: Kiem ma me posposun temun, loloki nawolet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"with\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Muklis' mother have sack of rice with many husks.\nKalamang translation: Muklis emun me pasun goni kon me kupkuwun reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"with\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Before, they fetched water with a spoon.\nKalamang translation: Wiseme mu gusigia perjie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:kin\" label=\"sec:kin\"></span> Volitional mood enclitic\n=kin attaches to the predicate. It is mainly used to express plans and\nwishes, as well as events that are about to happen. The different uses\nof =kin are exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin\">[exe:kin]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:kin2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin2\">[exe:kin2]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin\">[exe:kin]</a>) expresses a plan or wish.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kintoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kintoni\">[exe:kintoni]</a>), the common use of\n=kin with toni ‘want’ is illustrated.[^83] The phrase\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kinabout\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kinabout\">[exe:kinabout]</a>) is used to describe\nthe twelfth picture in the Family problems picture task , where a\nchild is falling out of its mother’s arms, and illustrates the\nprospective use of =kin.\n(<a href=\"#exe:kin2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin2\">[exe:kin2]</a>) is the first utterance in a\ntext where a woman explains how to make a basket. It can be interpreted\nas an action that is about to happen (at least in the speaker’s mind) or\nas a plan. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kin\" label=\"exe:kin\"></span> bal napikir an sor=at\nnat=kin\ndog think <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘The dog thinks: “I want to eat the fish”.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kintoni\" label=\"exe:kintoni\"></span> an se toni\nmin=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwant sleep=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘I already wanted to sleep.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kinabout\" label=\"exe:kinabout\"></span> tumun tur=kin\nchild fall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘The child is about to fall.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kin2\" label=\"exe:kin2\"></span> kiem=at paruot=kin\nbasket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘\\[How to\\] make a basket.’ \n</div> \nVolitional =kin can be followed by progressive aspect marker =teba\n(§<a href=\"#sec:teba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:teba\">[sec:teba]</a>), also an enclitic on the\npredicate. The combination expresses that a plan is in progress.[^84] \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan toni mu bo os-rep=kin=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> think\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> go\nsand-get=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘I thought they went to get sand.’ <span id=\"exe:orsep\"\nlabel=\"exe:orsep\"></span> \n</div> \n(An example of volitional =kin and irrealis =et can be found\nin(<a href=\"#exe:saor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:saor\">[exe:saor]</a>) in\n§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>.) \nIn complex predicates, volitional =kin comes on the last constituent\nof the predicate and has scope over the entire action or event, such as\nthe construction kuru masara ‘bring towards land’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:botak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:botak\">[exe:botak]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu se taruo toni mena Botak kiun=at kuru masarat=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay say later Botak wife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> bring\nmove_landwards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘They already said that soon Botak will bring his wife.\n<span id=\"exe:botak\" label=\"exe:botak\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:corpus\" label=\"sec:corpus\"></span> In this section, I give\nan overview of the types of data I gathered and how they are referred to\nin this study. I make a main distinction between naturalistic recordings\nand elicited material. I also introduce the online corpus that\naccompanies this study.[^18] \nAll data were gathered during four field trips between 2015 and 2019.\nThe first field trip in 2015 was conducted for my master’s thesis, and\nthe other three as part of my PhD programme.[^19]\nTable<a href=\"#tab:stays\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:stays\">2.4</a> gives an overview of time spent in\nthe field: 23 weeks. This time excludes travel to and from, stays in\ncities to deal with administrative matters, etc., and thus represents\nthe ‘net time’ spent on Karas. I stayed in Mas village\n(Figure<a href=\"#fig:mas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:mas\">2.5</a>) during all field trips, but made\nfrequent visits to Antalisa, the other Kalamang-speaking village. The\nmain consultants and all speakers were inhabitants of Mas at the time of\nrecording, but some of them had spent a part of their lives in Antalisa. \n<div id=\"tab:stays\"> \n\| year \| months \| weeks \|\n\|:------\|:--------\|------:\|\n\| 2015 \| Oct-Nov \| 6 \|\n\| 2017 \| Feb-Apr \| 11 \|\n\| 2018 \| Mar-May \| 8 \|\n\| 2019 \| Feb-Apr \| 8 \|\n\| Total \| \| 23 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nTime spent on Karas \n</div> \n<figure id=\"fig:mas\">\n<img src=\"Images/Masvillage-cropped.jpg\" style=\"width:70.0%\" />\n<figcaption>Mas village</figcaption>\n</figure> \nThe backbone of this grammar is the data corpus with time-aligned\nannotated video recordings of naturalistic spoken language ,\nsupplemented by elicited data in the form of translated sentences and\ngrammaticality judgements. Following (advice iterated in fieldwork\nguides like ), the naturalistic spoken data consist of different genres.\nI started with the recording of short personal histories, descriptive\nand prescriptive procedures, picture-matching tasks, and narratives\nrecorded with the help of picture stimuli, such as Frog, where are\nyou? , because these were relatively easy to transcribe. In subsequent\nyears, I recorded among other things free conversations and traditional\nnarratives, and used an action camera to film people at work and\ntravelling. Naturalistic data is typically video recorded, and a large\npart of it is annotated, roughly divided into breath groups[^20] with\nthe following information: an English and Papuan Malay translation, a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis and part-of-speech information, sometimes\nsupplemented by notes on grammar or (cultural) background.[^21] Elicited\ndata was typically written down in notebooks and subsequently digitised.\nSome of the elicited data was also audio recorded, and most of it was\nalso translated into English and Papuan Malay, and supplemented with a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis, part-of-speech information and\nnotes.[^22] \nFor naturalistic recordings, I make a rough distinction between three\ndifferent kinds: data obtained with the help of stimuli, narratives and\nconversations.[^23] Stimuli are all recordings with a narrative or\nconversation-like character that are made with the help of a\npre-designed stimulus. This includes narratives told with the help of a\npicture book or video stimulus, picture-matching tasks, people\ndiscussing certain fishing gear that I had brought and asked them to\ndiscuss, route descriptions based on videos that I made, and recordings\nof people doing the Family problems picture task . Although some of\nthese narratives and conversations proceed in quite a naturalistic way,\nand they are definitely much more naturalistic than elicited data, they\nare at least stylistically artificial in the sense that they are genres\nthat do not naturally occur in Kalamang speech, and were therefore\ngrouped together. Narratives are all recordings where only one person\nspeaks, or where one person is the main speaker. These include personal\nhistories, traditional narratives and descriptive procedures. Most\nnarratives are prompted: I asked a speaker whether they could talk about\nwhen they went fishing, about how to make a canoe, or to tell me a tale.\nWhile some are quite directed, such as the plant medicine videos where\nspeakers hold up specimens of plants and explain how they are used in\nmedicine, others are very naturalistic examples of narratives which\nroughly stick to the theme I requested, but where the topic is filled in\nfreely by the narrator. Conversations are recordings with two people\nengaging in a conversation. Most of these were prompted: I would ask\nsomeone to explain how to make a basket to someone else, to talk with\ntheir friend about cooking with vegetables or about making medicine with\nroots, or to discuss the most recent funeral. I judge these to be very\nnaturalistic, with the speakers often trailing off from the requested\ntopic and just chatting along. Two long recordings are completely\nunprompted: a kitchen conversation between two grandmothers\n([conv12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BBD-5)) and a\nliving room conversation between two mothers\n([conv9](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9F-F)). I have\nnot attempted to record with more than two main speakers, although a\nthird or fourth speaker sometimes makes a guest appearance in a\nrecording. Examples used in this study taken from video-recorded\nnaturalistic data are tagged as ‘stim’, ‘narr’ and ‘conv’, respectively,\nfollowed by a running number and a time stamp indicating where in the\nrecording the utterance can be found. An example of each is given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbal se sor=at koraru\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bite\n‘The dog has bitten the fish.’ <span id=\"exe:tri\"\nlabel=\"exe:tri\"></span> mu kiem\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> run\n‘They run.’ <span id=\"exe:SV33\" label=\"exe:SV33\"></span> ma reitkon\npurap-i an=at kamat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> hundred\nfifty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nsend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘He sent me one hundred and fifty \\[thousand rupiah\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:kamatt\" label=\"exe:kamatt\"></span> \n</div> \nA list of the 104 naturalistic recordings in the corpus that are\ntranscribed and annotated can be found in the Appendix on page. More\ncontext can be found in the description of the recording in the corpus.\nA summary of the transcribed minutes and amount of words per recording\ntype is given in Table<a href=\"#tab:vidsum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:vidsum\">2.5</a>. An additional five hours of\nuntranscribed Kalamang speech can also be found in the corpus. \n<div id=\"tab:vidsum\"> \n\| type \| amt. \| hh:mm:ss \| words \|\n\|:---------------\|-----:\|---------:\|------:\|\n\| stimulus-based \| 32 \| 03:22:28 \| 11998 \|\n\| narratives \| 45 \| 06:21:02 \| 32422 \|\n\| conversation \| 27 \| 05:49:14 \| 25286 \|\n\| total \| 104 \| 15:32:44 \| 69706 \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSummary of naturalistic annotated recordings \n</div> \nTo get a better understanding of certain topics that seemed worth\ninvestigating or that did not yield clear enough data in the\nnaturalistic corpus, or to inform other people’s typological studies, I\nalso elicited data with the help of questionnaires and video stimuli. I\nused some questionnaires and video stimuli designed by others, but also\ndesigned roughly 70 tailor-made questionnaires myself, with the aim to\nfill in gaps from the naturalistic spoken corpus. These tailor-made\nquestionnaires can be found in the corpus with two-to-four-letter tags,\nsometimes supplemented with a two-digit indicator for a year or a\nrunning number. For example, ‘adj’ is a questionnaire about adjectives\nused in 2018, and ‘adj19’ is a questionnaire about adjectives used in\n2019. These questionnaires contain a mix of requests for translations\n(from Indonesian or Papuan Malay) and grammaticality checks of Kalamang\nsentences that I constructed, typically based on a similar example from\nthe corpus. Examples from these, as well as examples from data resulting\nfrom using other people’s questionnaires and video stimuli, are referred\nto in this study with the tag ‘elic’, followed by the corpus tag of the\nquestionnaire and the line number of the example. An example is\n(<a href=\"#exe:elicex\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:elicex\">[exe:elicex]</a>). Elicited examples are\nonly used when no naturalistic examples are available, or when\nnaturalistic examples do not illustrate the point clearly (for example,\nwhen there is no minimal pair available). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu pas sem=ten=at koup\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> woman\nafraid-<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj=obj</span> hug\n‘They hugged the scared woman.’ <span id=\"exe:elicex\"\nlabel=\"exe:elicex\"></span> \n</div> \nAn overview of the questionnaires, picture-matching tasks, picture\nstimuli and video stimuli designed by others that were used to collect\nKalamang data can be found on page. Some of these are classified as\nelicited material, while others are classified as naturalistic data and\nare referred to with the ‘stim’ tag. In this study, I sometimes make\nreference to the naturalistic spoken corpus, to oppose it to the\nelicited data – for example, when a certain construction type is only\nfound in the one and not in the other. Recordings in the naturalistic\nspoken corpus are also sometimes referred to as texts.[^24] Other\nexamples quoted in this study are marked as \\[overheard\\] or \\[dict\\].\nThe former are examples that I personally overheard. They are typically\ngreetings or other utterances that are highly frequent in daily life but\nthat have not made their way into the recorded corpus. In a very few\ninstances, they are utterances that I found interesting when I heard\nthem and which I noted down straight after. Examples quoted as \\[dict\\]\nare example sentences written by Fajaria Yarkuran for the dictionary\n(see §<a href=\"#sec:teachers\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:teachers\">[sec:teachers]</a>).\nTable<a href=\"#tab:examples\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:examples\">2.6</a> is an overview of the example\ntypes used in this study, and how they are referred to. \n<div id=\"tab:examples\"> \n\| type \| subtype \| tag example \| tag format \|\n\|:-------------\|:---------------\|:-----------------\|:-----------------------------------\|\n\| naturalistic \| stimulus-based \| \\[stim13_2:15\\] \| stim+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| narrative \| \\[narr45_23:04\\] \| narr+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| conversation \| \\[conv2_13:59\\] \| conv+running number_time stamp \|\n\| elicited \| \| \\[elic_wc_16\\] \| elic_questionnaire tag_line number \|\n\| naturalistic \| overheard \| \\[overheard\\] \| \|\n\| dictionary \| \| \\[dict_yuor\\] \| dict_lemma \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSources of examples used in this study \n</div> \nFor examples where I deem the linguistic or pragmatic context necessary\nto understand the example, or to understand the point the example\nillustrates, I have added information about the context of the example,\neither in the text preceding the example or in square brackets in the\nexample itself. Of course, this does not mean that a great many examples\ncould not have benefited from more information about the linguistic or\npragmatic context. To this end, I provide direct links to the corpus for\neach example so that the reader can inspect at least the linguistic\ncontext on their own. In the digital version of this grammar, the corpus\ntag that accompanies each example is clickable and leads to the bundle\npage that contains the relevant files. \nThe corpus also contains videos and pictures illustrating daily life in\nMas; a cultural questionnaire; recordings of music, prayer calls and\nsermons; pictures illustrating the natural world around Karas; and sound\nclips of words and phrases for phonetic and intonation analysis. All\ncorpus materials are accompanied by rich metadata, including a\ndescription of the contents, key words, genre, cross-references,\nlocation and, for the naturalistic recordings, extensive speaker\ninformation. Where possible, I have bundled recordings on a certain\ntopic together with supplementary materials such as pictures, such that\na narrative about the village’s last wedding is supplemented with\npictures of the wedding. A guide to the corpus with more details about\nits contents can be found in the corpus itself. \nAt a later stage, it would be good to supplement the corpus with\nrecordings that show code switching in addressing different audiences or\naddressees, to show more of the dynamic sociolinguistic context in which\nKalamang is spoken ,[^25] ritual and ceremonial language use, and songs\n.[^26] Certain formal genres, like public speeches or meetings, are not\nattested in the Kalamang speech community because of its status as a\nshifting language (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:socioling\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:socioling\">[sec:socioling]</a>).\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: I'm getting bamboo to make a basket with.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "An gousat repte minggi kiemparuo.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "An gousat repte minggi kiemparuo.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Mood, aspect and modality marking", "Header 3": "Mood", "Header 4": "Volitional =kin ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>’" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:kin\" label=\"sec:kin\"></span> Volitional mood enclitic\n=kin attaches to the predicate. It is mainly used to express plans and\nwishes, as well as events that are about to happen. The different uses\nof =kin are exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin\">[exe:kin]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:kin2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin2\">[exe:kin2]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin\">[exe:kin]</a>) expresses a plan or wish.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kintoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kintoni\">[exe:kintoni]</a>), the common use of\n=kin with toni ‘want’ is illustrated.[^83] The phrase\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kinabout\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kinabout\">[exe:kinabout]</a>) is used to describe\nthe twelfth picture in the Family problems picture task , where a\nchild is falling out of its mother’s arms, and illustrates the\nprospective use of =kin.\n(<a href=\"#exe:kin2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin2\">[exe:kin2]</a>) is the first utterance in a\ntext where a woman explains how to make a basket. It can be interpreted\nas an action that is about to happen (at least in the speaker’s mind) or\nas a plan. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kin\" label=\"exe:kin\"></span> bal napikir an sor=at\nnat=kin\ndog think <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘The dog thinks: “I want to eat the fish”.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kintoni\" label=\"exe:kintoni\"></span> an se toni\nmin=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwant sleep=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘I already wanted to sleep.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kinabout\" label=\"exe:kinabout\"></span> tumun tur=kin\nchild fall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘The child is about to fall.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kin2\" label=\"exe:kin2\"></span> kiem=at paruot=kin\nbasket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘\\[How to\\] make a basket.’ \n</div> \nVolitional =kin can be followed by progressive aspect marker =teba\n(§<a href=\"#sec:teba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:teba\">[sec:teba]</a>), also an enclitic on the\npredicate. The combination expresses that a plan is in progress.[^84] \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan toni mu bo os-rep=kin=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> think\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> go\nsand-get=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘I thought they went to get sand.’ <span id=\"exe:orsep\"\nlabel=\"exe:orsep\"></span> \n</div> \n(An example of volitional =kin and irrealis =et can be found\nin(<a href=\"#exe:saor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:saor\">[exe:saor]</a>) in\n§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>.) \nIn complex predicates, volitional =kin comes on the last constituent\nof the predicate and has scope over the entire action or event, such as\nthe construction kuru masara ‘bring towards land’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:botak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:botak\">[exe:botak]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu se taruo toni mena Botak kiun=at kuru masarat=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay say later Botak wife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> bring\nmove_landwards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘They already said that soon Botak will bring his wife.\n<span id=\"exe:botak\" label=\"exe:botak\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "This study", "Header 3": "Data and research methods", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:corpus\" label=\"sec:corpus\"></span> In this section, I give\nan overview of the types of data I gathered and how they are referred to\nin this study. I make a main distinction between naturalistic recordings\nand elicited material. I also introduce the online corpus that\naccompanies this study.[^18] \nAll data were gathered during four field trips between 2015 and 2019.\nThe first field trip in 2015 was conducted for my master’s thesis, and\nthe other three as part of my PhD programme.[^19]\nTable<a href=\"#tab:stays\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:stays\">2.4</a> gives an overview of time spent in\nthe field: 23 weeks. This time excludes travel to and from, stays in\ncities to deal with administrative matters, etc., and thus represents\nthe ‘net time’ spent on Karas. I stayed in Mas village\n(Figure<a href=\"#fig:mas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:mas\">2.5</a>) during all field trips, but made\nfrequent visits to Antalisa, the other Kalamang-speaking village. The\nmain consultants and all speakers were inhabitants of Mas at the time of\nrecording, but some of them had spent a part of their lives in Antalisa. \n<div id=\"tab:stays\"> \n\| year \| months \| weeks \|\n\|:------\|:--------\|------:\|\n\| 2015 \| Oct-Nov \| 6 \|\n\| 2017 \| Feb-Apr \| 11 \|\n\| 2018 \| Mar-May \| 8 \|\n\| 2019 \| Feb-Apr \| 8 \|\n\| Total \| \| 23 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nTime spent on Karas \n</div> \n<figure id=\"fig:mas\">\n<img src=\"Images/Masvillage-cropped.jpg\" style=\"width:70.0%\" />\n<figcaption>Mas village</figcaption>\n</figure> \nThe backbone of this grammar is the data corpus with time-aligned\nannotated video recordings of naturalistic spoken language ,\nsupplemented by elicited data in the form of translated sentences and\ngrammaticality judgements. Following (advice iterated in fieldwork\nguides like ), the naturalistic spoken data consist of different genres.\nI started with the recording of short personal histories, descriptive\nand prescriptive procedures, picture-matching tasks, and narratives\nrecorded with the help of picture stimuli, such as Frog, where are\nyou? , because these were relatively easy to transcribe. In subsequent\nyears, I recorded among other things free conversations and traditional\nnarratives, and used an action camera to film people at work and\ntravelling. Naturalistic data is typically video recorded, and a large\npart of it is annotated, roughly divided into breath groups[^20] with\nthe following information: an English and Papuan Malay translation, a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis and part-of-speech information, sometimes\nsupplemented by notes on grammar or (cultural) background.[^21] Elicited\ndata was typically written down in notebooks and subsequently digitised.\nSome of the elicited data was also audio recorded, and most of it was\nalso translated into English and Papuan Malay, and supplemented with a\nmorpheme-by-morpheme analysis, part-of-speech information and\nnotes.[^22] \nFor naturalistic recordings, I make a rough distinction between three\ndifferent kinds: data obtained with the help of stimuli, narratives and\nconversations.[^23] Stimuli are all recordings with a narrative or\nconversation-like character that are made with the help of a\npre-designed stimulus. This includes narratives told with the help of a\npicture book or video stimulus, picture-matching tasks, people\ndiscussing certain fishing gear that I had brought and asked them to\ndiscuss, route descriptions based on videos that I made, and recordings\nof people doing the Family problems picture task . Although some of\nthese narratives and conversations proceed in quite a naturalistic way,\nand they are definitely much more naturalistic than elicited data, they\nare at least stylistically artificial in the sense that they are genres\nthat do not naturally occur in Kalamang speech, and were therefore\ngrouped together. Narratives are all recordings where only one person\nspeaks, or where one person is the main speaker. These include personal\nhistories, traditional narratives and descriptive procedures. Most\nnarratives are prompted: I asked a speaker whether they could talk about\nwhen they went fishing, about how to make a canoe, or to tell me a tale.\nWhile some are quite directed, such as the plant medicine videos where\nspeakers hold up specimens of plants and explain how they are used in\nmedicine, others are very naturalistic examples of narratives which\nroughly stick to the theme I requested, but where the topic is filled in\nfreely by the narrator. Conversations are recordings with two people\nengaging in a conversation. Most of these were prompted: I would ask\nsomeone to explain how to make a basket to someone else, to talk with\ntheir friend about cooking with vegetables or about making medicine with\nroots, or to discuss the most recent funeral. I judge these to be very\nnaturalistic, with the speakers often trailing off from the requested\ntopic and just chatting along. Two long recordings are completely\nunprompted: a kitchen conversation between two grandmothers\n([conv12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BBD-5)) and a\nliving room conversation between two mothers\n([conv9](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9F-F)). I have\nnot attempted to record with more than two main speakers, although a\nthird or fourth speaker sometimes makes a guest appearance in a\nrecording. Examples used in this study taken from video-recorded\nnaturalistic data are tagged as ‘stim’, ‘narr’ and ‘conv’, respectively,\nfollowed by a running number and a time stamp indicating where in the\nrecording the utterance can be found. An example of each is given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbal se sor=at koraru\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bite\n‘The dog has bitten the fish.’ <span id=\"exe:tri\"\nlabel=\"exe:tri\"></span> mu kiem\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> run\n‘They run.’ <span id=\"exe:SV33\" label=\"exe:SV33\"></span> ma reitkon\npurap-i an=at kamat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> hundred\nfifty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nsend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘He sent me one hundred and fifty \\[thousand rupiah\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:kamatt\" label=\"exe:kamatt\"></span> \n</div> \nA list of the 104 naturalistic recordings in the corpus that are\ntranscribed and annotated can be found in the Appendix on page. More\ncontext can be found in the description of the recording in the corpus.\nA summary of the transcribed minutes and amount of words per recording\ntype is given in Table<a href=\"#tab:vidsum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:vidsum\">2.5</a>. An additional five hours of\nuntranscribed Kalamang speech can also be found in the corpus. \n<div id=\"tab:vidsum\"> \n\| type \| amt. \| hh:mm:ss \| words \|\n\|:---------------\|-----:\|---------:\|------:\|\n\| stimulus-based \| 32 \| 03:22:28 \| 11998 \|\n\| narratives \| 45 \| 06:21:02 \| 32422 \|\n\| conversation \| 27 \| 05:49:14 \| 25286 \|\n\| total \| 104 \| 15:32:44 \| 69706 \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSummary of naturalistic annotated recordings \n</div> \nTo get a better understanding of certain topics that seemed worth\ninvestigating or that did not yield clear enough data in the\nnaturalistic corpus, or to inform other people’s typological studies, I\nalso elicited data with the help of questionnaires and video stimuli. I\nused some questionnaires and video stimuli designed by others, but also\ndesigned roughly 70 tailor-made questionnaires myself, with the aim to\nfill in gaps from the naturalistic spoken corpus. These tailor-made\nquestionnaires can be found in the corpus with two-to-four-letter tags,\nsometimes supplemented with a two-digit indicator for a year or a\nrunning number. For example, ‘adj’ is a questionnaire about adjectives\nused in 2018, and ‘adj19’ is a questionnaire about adjectives used in\n2019. These questionnaires contain a mix of requests for translations\n(from Indonesian or Papuan Malay) and grammaticality checks of Kalamang\nsentences that I constructed, typically based on a similar example from\nthe corpus. Examples from these, as well as examples from data resulting\nfrom using other people’s questionnaires and video stimuli, are referred\nto in this study with the tag ‘elic’, followed by the corpus tag of the\nquestionnaire and the line number of the example. An example is\n(<a href=\"#exe:elicex\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:elicex\">[exe:elicex]</a>). Elicited examples are\nonly used when no naturalistic examples are available, or when\nnaturalistic examples do not illustrate the point clearly (for example,\nwhen there is no minimal pair available). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu pas sem=ten=at koup\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> woman\nafraid-<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj=obj</span> hug\n‘They hugged the scared woman.’ <span id=\"exe:elicex\"\nlabel=\"exe:elicex\"></span> \n</div> \nAn overview of the questionnaires, picture-matching tasks, picture\nstimuli and video stimuli designed by others that were used to collect\nKalamang data can be found on page. Some of these are classified as\nelicited material, while others are classified as naturalistic data and\nare referred to with the ‘stim’ tag. In this study, I sometimes make\nreference to the naturalistic spoken corpus, to oppose it to the\nelicited data – for example, when a certain construction type is only\nfound in the one and not in the other. Recordings in the naturalistic\nspoken corpus are also sometimes referred to as texts.[^24] Other\nexamples quoted in this study are marked as \\[overheard\\] or \\[dict\\].\nThe former are examples that I personally overheard. They are typically\ngreetings or other utterances that are highly frequent in daily life but\nthat have not made their way into the recorded corpus. In a very few\ninstances, they are utterances that I found interesting when I heard\nthem and which I noted down straight after. Examples quoted as \\[dict\\]\nare example sentences written by Fajaria Yarkuran for the dictionary\n(see §<a href=\"#sec:teachers\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:teachers\">[sec:teachers]</a>).\nTable<a href=\"#tab:examples\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:examples\">2.6</a> is an overview of the example\ntypes used in this study, and how they are referred to. \n<div id=\"tab:examples\"> \n\| type \| subtype \| tag example \| tag format \|\n\|:-------------\|:---------------\|:-----------------\|:-----------------------------------\|\n\| naturalistic \| stimulus-based \| \\[stim13_2:15\\] \| stim+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| narrative \| \\[narr45_23:04\\] \| narr+running number_time stamp \|\n\| naturalistic \| conversation \| \\[conv2_13:59\\] \| conv+running number_time stamp \|\n\| elicited \| \| \\[elic_wc_16\\] \| elic_questionnaire tag_line number \|\n\| naturalistic \| overheard \| \\[overheard\\] \| \|\n\| dictionary \| \| \\[dict_yuor\\] \| dict_lemma \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nSources of examples used in this study \n</div> \nFor examples where I deem the linguistic or pragmatic context necessary\nto understand the example, or to understand the point the example\nillustrates, I have added information about the context of the example,\neither in the text preceding the example or in square brackets in the\nexample itself. Of course, this does not mean that a great many examples\ncould not have benefited from more information about the linguistic or\npragmatic context. To this end, I provide direct links to the corpus for\neach example so that the reader can inspect at least the linguistic\ncontext on their own. In the digital version of this grammar, the corpus\ntag that accompanies each example is clickable and leads to the bundle\npage that contains the relevant files. \nThe corpus also contains videos and pictures illustrating daily life in\nMas; a cultural questionnaire; recordings of music, prayer calls and\nsermons; pictures illustrating the natural world around Karas; and sound\nclips of words and phrases for phonetic and intonation analysis. All\ncorpus materials are accompanied by rich metadata, including a\ndescription of the contents, key words, genre, cross-references,\nlocation and, for the naturalistic recordings, extensive speaker\ninformation. Where possible, I have bundled recordings on a certain\ntopic together with supplementary materials such as pictures, such that\na narrative about the village’s last wedding is supplemented with\npictures of the wedding. A guide to the corpus with more details about\nits contents can be found in the corpus itself. \nAt a later stage, it would be good to supplement the corpus with\nrecordings that show code switching in addressing different audiences or\naddressees, to show more of the dynamic sociolinguistic context in which\nKalamang is spoken ,[^25] ritual and ceremonial language use, and songs\n.[^26] Certain formal genres, like public speeches or meetings, are not\nattested in the Kalamang speech community because of its status as a\nshifting language (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:socioling\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:socioling\">[sec:socioling]</a>)." } ], "index": 66, "level": "low_resource", "question": "I'm getting bamboo to make a basket with.", "split": "train" }
Tasan he gosomin.	My bag has disappeared.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: My bag has disappeared.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"My\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tray\nKalamang translation: talam\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"My\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sixty\nKalamang translation: putraman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"bag\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: carry living being on back\nKalamang translation: poup\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"bag\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: bag\nKalamang translation: tas; toman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"has\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: handpalm\nKalamang translation: tan laus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"has\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: harlequin shrimp\nKalamang translation: sairarar ladok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"disappeared\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cleared\nKalamang translation: toras\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"disappeared\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: disappeared\nKalamang translation: gosomin\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"My\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My heart is broken.\nKalamang translation: Minan karaok.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"My\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My aunt went to Gorom.\nKalamang translation: Ema anggon cauna Walakangga bara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"bag\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Is your back fine again? Oh, of course it is.\nKalamang translation: Suolca he bes? O bes mera.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"bag\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many earthworms at the banana tree.\nKalamang translation: Im ewun me kalabet reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"has\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Malik has an illness in his veins.\nKalamang translation: Malik kaden kiesun ning.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"has\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor has finished eating, he's rinsing his mouth.\nKalamang translation: Mayor muawi koyet, ma kanggursau reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"disappeared\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Above the school there is red soil.\nKalamang translation: Naun kerkap sikola kerun me.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"disappeared\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor ordered Salima's grandfather to make a window.\nKalamang translation: Mayora sirie Salima taraun jendela paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:narr\" label=\"sec:narr\"></span> Here, I present a brief\nanalysis of the structure of Kalamang narratives, focusing on\ntraditional fictional narratives, but drawing some parallels with\nnon-fictional and stimulus-based narratives.[^95] \nThis section is based on the analysis of 18 narratives, of which 14 are\ntraditional fictional narratives (mythological or fable-like stories\nabout ancestors or places, known to many people in the Kalamang\ncommunity), two are non-fictional narratives (stories about things that\nhappened during the lifetime of the speaker), and two are stimulus-based\nfictional narratives: Jackal & crow and Frog, where are you? . The\nstories are told by six different Kalamang speakers. For each narrative\n(following ), the following characteristics were analysed: the opening,\nsupplying of background, presenting of the protagonist(s), participant\ntracking, devices for structuring, songs and formula, and the closing. \nTitles, corpus tags, a summary and the name of the storyteller of the\nnarratives treated in this section are presented in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:stories\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:stories\">18.1</a>. The 14 traditional fictional\nnarratives are presented first, followed by the two non-fictional\nnarratives and the two stimulus-based fictional narratives. \n<div id=\"tab:stories\"> \n\| title \| tag \| summary \| storyteller \|\n\|:----------------------------------------------\|:-------\|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|:-----------------\|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| title \| tag \| summary \| storyteller \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Traditional narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Makuteli: birds on a boat \| narr18 \| Birds set off on a boat trip while singing songs together. A cassowary also joins but gets angry when he finds out he is running out of food, and the others live off fish from the sea. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| Linglong: a monkey and a cuscus sell firewood \| narr19 \| A monkey and a cuscus sell firewood in villages, where women comment they like the white cuscus, but not the black monkey. The monkey gets fed up and asks the cuscus how to be white. The cuscus puts the monkey in a cage in the water, and waits until the tide is high. The monkey drowns. \| Hair Yorkuran \|\n\| Cassowary and Dog \| narr20 \| How Lempuang Emun (Pulau Kasuari, Cassowary Island) and Lempuang Tumun (Pulau Anjing, Dog Island), south of Karas, came into existence. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Crab \| narr21 \| After the youngest of two children eat a little bit from a crab that mother caught, mother disappears into the sea. Her children go to look for her with help from fish. Mother does not want to return to the land. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Kuawi \| narr22 \| How ancestors learned about clouds and the tides. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The woman who turned into a lime \| narr23 \| A sorceress turns a woman into a lime. The lime is found by an old couple, who peel it so that the woman comes out. Because the couple doesn’t have children, the woman stays with them. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Kelengkeleng woman \| narr24 \| A woman kills her cross-cousin by accident. His canoe turns into a stone. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| The money-defecating cow \| narr25 \| A girl is sent by her mother to sell food at the market but eats it herself. Later, she obtains, loses and gets back three magical items: a cloth that serves food, a money-defecating cow and a club that hits people on its own. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Married to a mermaid \| narr26 \| How the ancestor of the storyteller had a wife who lived in the sea. The story tells how they met, how the man disappeared into the sea for a week or so at a time, and how the two had children. This ancestry is the reason why the speaker claims to have special knowledge about and power over the weather at sea. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The providing tree \| narr27 \| An old woman finds a shell, out of which a tree grows that provides her family with clothing and food. Then, a sultan arrives and cuts the tree down. The tree regrows, but doesn’t give any more goods. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Suagibaba \| narr28 \| One of two brothers kills the pestering giant Suagibaba, whose family then comes to abduct the younger brother. The older brother carves seven wooden giants and with them tricks the real giants into giving back his brother. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Finding water at Sui \| narr29 \| How the Kalamang ancestors found water at Sui. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The talking coconut \| narr30 \| A woman cuts a talking coconut to pieces, which gives the name to that stone: Yar Dakdak. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Tenggelele \| narr8 \| Why the tenggelele ritual is performed when a new wife arrives at the island. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Non-fictional narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Exchanging tobacco \| narr16 \| Malik secretly exchanges the new tobacco with last year’s, and tests whether his friends can taste the difference. \| Malik Yarkuran \|\n\| The naked tourist \| narr17 \| Malik meets a naked tourist on his boat. \| Malik Yarkuran \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Stimulus-based narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Jackal & crow \| stim1 \| Crow steals a fish, and Jackal tricks him into dropping it. \| Fajaria Yarkuran \|\n\| Frog, where are you? \| stim21 \| A frog escapes from a boy’s house. The boy and his dog follow him into the forest. \| Amir Yarkuran \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nNarratives (continued from previous page) \n</div> \nSome reflections on the content of the traditional narratives are given\nin §<a href=\"#sec:narrcont\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narrcont\">18.1.7</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:discinterj\" label=\"sec:discinterj\"></span> Interjections\nwere introduced in §<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a> (phonology) and\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a> (as a word class). This\nsection aims at illustrating the use of the most frequent and versatile\nones, starting with yor ‘true’ and ge ‘no(t)’. \nYor ‘true’ is used as an affirmative response.[^99] It can stand on\nits own as a response to the other speaker’s statement. See the\nquestion-answer pair in(<a href=\"#exe:qayes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:qayes\">[exe:qayes]</a>). Yor is about four times\nless frequent than ge ‘no’. Another positive interjection is esie\n‘true’. It is very uncommon, with only one example in the corpus. It\nremains unclear how it differs from yor. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n\\[comparing numbers written on the back of pictures\\] \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nputkansuortalinggaruok\nforty-three\n‘Forty-three?’ <span id=\"exe:qyes\" label=\"exe:qyes\"></span> \nyor yor yor\ntrue true true\n‘Correct.’ <span id=\"exe:ayes\" label=\"exe:ayes\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:qayes\" label=\"exe:qayes\"></span> \n</div> \n‘No(t)’ is ge, which can stand on its own as a response or be tagged\nto a clause to elicit a confirming response from the listener. The\nexchange in(<a href=\"#exe:gema\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gema\">[exe:gema]</a>) illustrates both. The tag\nfunction is also treated in\n§<a href=\"#sec:polq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:polq\">[sec:polq]</a>. See also the description of\nnon-verbal negation in §<a href=\"#sec:negnonv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negnonv\">[sec:negnonv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kat gonggung ter-nan ye ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span> call tea-consume or not\n‘Have they called you for drinking tea or not?’ <span id=\"exe:qno\"\nlabel=\"exe:qno\"></span> \nge ma gonggung ba\nno <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> call but\n‘No, she called but...’ <span id=\"exe:ano\" label=\"exe:ano\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:gema\" label=\"exe:gema\"></span> \n</div> \nEmphasising o is the most common interjection. Typically clause-final,\nit emphasises what has been said before. It is typically uttered at a\nlow pitch, and may be lengthened, vaguely reminiscent of the long and\nhigh e used for excessivity in some other eastern Indonesian languages\n. By adding o to the clause\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nino\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nino\">[exe:nino]</a>), the speaker emphasises that\nthe subject did not catch any fish.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:dungo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dungo\">[exe:dungo]</a>), o stresses that it was\nvery early. It is also typically added to reinforce curses\n(§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a>). Clause-initial o is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sor ramiet=nin o\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> fish\npull=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘He didn’t catch any fish.’ <span id=\"exe:nino\" label=\"exe:nino\"></span>\ngo_dung o\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘In the early morning...’ <span id=\"exe:dungo\" label=\"exe:dungo\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vowel e has several uses as an interjection. It is commonly used\nto introduce quotes, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ehila\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehila\">[exe:ehila]</a>) with speech verb toni\n‘say’ and(<a href=\"#exe:ehan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehan\">[exe:ehan]</a>) without speech verb (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:speech\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:speech\">[sec:speech]</a>). Some other less frequent\nuses of e are subsumed under the gloss int.e and include emphasis,\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:eemph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eemph\">[exe:eemph]</a>), or contempt, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eresign\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eresign\">[exe:eresign]</a>). Encouragement was\nexemplified in §(<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMuji esun=a toni eh Ila Pak gosomin\nMuji father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span> Ila Pak disappear\n‘Muji’s father said: “Ila Pak has disappeared.”’ <span id=\"exe:ehila\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehila\"></span> Santi eh an ma ema_caun=bon taruo\nSanti <span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> move_seawards\naunt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> say\n‘Santi said: “I went to tell aunt...”’ <span id=\"exe:ehan\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehan\"></span> nokin-tar e in sikola=teba\nbe_silent-<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nschool=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘Be silent! We’re schooling.’ <span id=\"exe:eemph\"\nlabel=\"exe:eemph\"></span> kon∼kon mindi=ten me e kuar=kin=et eba\nmetko padi-un=at kajiet=et\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\ncook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nrice_hull-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\npick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘\\[If we have\\] one \\[sack of rice\\] at a time like that, who cares, if\nyou’re about to cook then you pick out the rice hulls.’\n<span id=\"exe:eresign\" label=\"exe:eresign\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag eh and the\nencouraging interjection e are exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ansebot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ansebot\">[exe:ansebot]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bote1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bote1\">[exe:bote1]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ansebot\" label=\"exe:ansebot\"></span> \n<span id=\"exe:bote1\" label=\"exe:bote1\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag can express more\ninsecurity than Malay loan to(h) ‘right’ (which can only be used for\nconfirmation-seeking), and leaves room for the addressee to either\nanswer the question or disagree with the statement, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nebasor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nebasor\">[exe:nebasor]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa me neba-sor eh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span>-fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘What kind of fish is this, huh?’ <span id=\"exe:nebasor\"\nlabel=\"exe:nebasor\"></span> \n</div> \nA clause-initial open vowel a \\[a\\]\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>’ is used as indicator of a clause\nthat introduces a new stage in the narrative.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:int\">[exe:int]</a>), I have attempted to show the\nintonation pattern of a clause with ah. There is a rise (and\nlengthening) at the end of the first clause, a pause, and then the start\nof a new clause with low intonation on the interjection and a low\nboundary tone. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nTebonggan koi ecien=i mia kewe=ko, ah ter-na.\nH $\\mid$ L HL\nall again return=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> come\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> tea-consume\n‘Everyone returned to the house, ah, \\[then we\\] drank tea.’\n<span id=\"exe:int\" label=\"exe:int\"></span> \n</div> \nTwo interjections are likely derived from the Malay interjection aduh,\nan interjection of pain or disappointed surprise. These are adi(h)\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span>, an expression of pain or\ndiscomfort, also in use in the local Malay, and (a)dih or (a)deh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>, an interjection of contempt or\ndissatisfaction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adih mang=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span> bitter=too\n‘He said: “Yuck, too bitter!”’ <span id=\"exe:adih\"\nlabel=\"exe:adih\"></span> ma ka=kongga=ta mia reon adeh alangan-rep\nweinun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg=an.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ncome maybe <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> trouble-get too\n‘He came to you maybe, oh god, looking for trouble too.’\n<span id=\"exe:adeh\" label=\"exe:adeh\"></span> \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:adehin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adehin\">[exe:adehin]</a>), the speaker turns adeh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> into a verb while scolding their\nchild for not wanting to eat their food. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adeh eh ka-mun adeh=in na na na na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej=proh</span> consume consume consume\nconsume\n‘She said: “Oh no.” \\[I’m like:\\] “Don’t you “oh no” me, eat, eat, eat,\neat!”’ <span id=\"exe:adehin\" label=\"exe:adehin\"></span> \n</div> \nSome is used for encouragement, often in a slightly annoyed fashion,\nwhen stating or confirming something that should have been obvious to\nthe addressee. It is translated into local Malay as ‘sudah mu’. Two\nexamples are given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nhari_minggu seng-paku some karajang reidak=ten me\nSunday roof-nail <span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> work\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘Of course we nail the roof on Sunday, there’s a lot of work.’\n<span id=\"exe:sengsome\" label=\"exe:sengsome\"></span> tabai met kosom=ta\nnarasaun tamandi pen ye pen some 2014\ntobacco <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\nsmoke=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> taste how good or good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> 2014\n“That tobacco \\[you’re\\] smoking, how does it taste, good, or what?” “Of\ncourse it’s good, it’s from 2014!” <span id=\"exe:kosome\"\nlabel=\"exe:kosome\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother interjection with a similar function to some is mera, which\nis used to downplay the importance of a reply to a question, or to mark\nthat you are stating the obvious. It is also translated into Malay as\n‘sudah mu’. Consider the following examples. The speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) uses mera to indicate\nthat what she says is obvious.\n(<a href=\"#exe:besm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:besm\">[exe:besm]</a>)\nfollows(<a href=\"#exe:adih\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adih\">[exe:adih]</a>) in the narrative, and is used\nto encourage the speaker, downplaying the fact that the food is bitter.\nMera is also used in standard answers to the question ‘what are you\ndoing?’, as discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:inittermconv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inittermconv\">[sec:inittermconv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \no mu=a ruo reon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=foc</span> dig maybe\n‘Oh maybe they dug.’ o ge mera sontum ruot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> person\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Of course not, people didn’t dig.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:meraruo\" label=\"exe:meraruo\"></span> an toni bes mera\nna\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> consume\n‘I said: “It’s fine, eat.”’ <span id=\"exe:besm\" label=\"exe:besm\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vocative or calling sound for human beings is uei\n(§<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a>). I am not sure what the\nappropriate response is, but at least women, when inside the house when\nsomeone outside is calling, may answer with a rising u or hu at a\nhigh pitch. Another observation made in the field which is not recorded\nin the corpus is that repeated dental clicks are made to express\namazement or incredulity (identified as a common trait in mainland and\nparts of insular South East Asia in ).\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: My bag has disappeared.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Tasan he gosomin.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Tasan he gosomin.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "The structure of narratives", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:narr\" label=\"sec:narr\"></span> Here, I present a brief\nanalysis of the structure of Kalamang narratives, focusing on\ntraditional fictional narratives, but drawing some parallels with\nnon-fictional and stimulus-based narratives.[^95] \nThis section is based on the analysis of 18 narratives, of which 14 are\ntraditional fictional narratives (mythological or fable-like stories\nabout ancestors or places, known to many people in the Kalamang\ncommunity), two are non-fictional narratives (stories about things that\nhappened during the lifetime of the speaker), and two are stimulus-based\nfictional narratives: Jackal & crow and Frog, where are you? . The\nstories are told by six different Kalamang speakers. For each narrative\n(following ), the following characteristics were analysed: the opening,\nsupplying of background, presenting of the protagonist(s), participant\ntracking, devices for structuring, songs and formula, and the closing. \nTitles, corpus tags, a summary and the name of the storyteller of the\nnarratives treated in this section are presented in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:stories\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:stories\">18.1</a>. The 14 traditional fictional\nnarratives are presented first, followed by the two non-fictional\nnarratives and the two stimulus-based fictional narratives. \n<div id=\"tab:stories\"> \n\| title \| tag \| summary \| storyteller \|\n\|:----------------------------------------------\|:-------\|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|:-----------------\|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| title \| tag \| summary \| storyteller \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Traditional narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Makuteli: birds on a boat \| narr18 \| Birds set off on a boat trip while singing songs together. A cassowary also joins but gets angry when he finds out he is running out of food, and the others live off fish from the sea. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| Linglong: a monkey and a cuscus sell firewood \| narr19 \| A monkey and a cuscus sell firewood in villages, where women comment they like the white cuscus, but not the black monkey. The monkey gets fed up and asks the cuscus how to be white. The cuscus puts the monkey in a cage in the water, and waits until the tide is high. The monkey drowns. \| Hair Yorkuran \|\n\| Cassowary and Dog \| narr20 \| How Lempuang Emun (Pulau Kasuari, Cassowary Island) and Lempuang Tumun (Pulau Anjing, Dog Island), south of Karas, came into existence. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Crab \| narr21 \| After the youngest of two children eat a little bit from a crab that mother caught, mother disappears into the sea. Her children go to look for her with help from fish. Mother does not want to return to the land. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Kuawi \| narr22 \| How ancestors learned about clouds and the tides. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The woman who turned into a lime \| narr23 \| A sorceress turns a woman into a lime. The lime is found by an old couple, who peel it so that the woman comes out. Because the couple doesn’t have children, the woman stays with them. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Kelengkeleng woman \| narr24 \| A woman kills her cross-cousin by accident. His canoe turns into a stone. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| The money-defecating cow \| narr25 \| A girl is sent by her mother to sell food at the market but eats it herself. Later, she obtains, loses and gets back three magical items: a cloth that serves food, a money-defecating cow and a club that hits people on its own. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Married to a mermaid \| narr26 \| How the ancestor of the storyteller had a wife who lived in the sea. The story tells how they met, how the man disappeared into the sea for a week or so at a time, and how the two had children. This ancestry is the reason why the speaker claims to have special knowledge about and power over the weather at sea. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The providing tree \| narr27 \| An old woman finds a shell, out of which a tree grows that provides her family with clothing and food. Then, a sultan arrives and cuts the tree down. The tree regrows, but doesn’t give any more goods. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Suagibaba \| narr28 \| One of two brothers kills the pestering giant Suagibaba, whose family then comes to abduct the younger brother. The older brother carves seven wooden giants and with them tricks the real giants into giving back his brother. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Finding water at Sui \| narr29 \| How the Kalamang ancestors found water at Sui. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| The talking coconut \| narr30 \| A woman cuts a talking coconut to pieces, which gives the name to that stone: Yar Dakdak. \| Hapsa Yarkuran \|\n\| Tenggelele \| narr8 \| Why the tenggelele ritual is performed when a new wife arrives at the island. \| Kamarudin Gusek \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Non-fictional narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Exchanging tobacco \| narr16 \| Malik secretly exchanges the new tobacco with last year’s, and tests whether his friends can taste the difference. \| Malik Yarkuran \|\n\| The naked tourist \| narr17 \| Malik meets a naked tourist on his boat. \| Malik Yarkuran \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| Stimulus-based narratives \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \|\n\| Jackal & crow \| stim1 \| Crow steals a fish, and Jackal tricks him into dropping it. \| Fajaria Yarkuran \|\n\| Frog, where are you? \| stim21 \| A frog escapes from a boy’s house. The boy and his dog follow him into the forest. \| Amir Yarkuran \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \nNarratives (continued from previous page) \n</div> \nSome reflections on the content of the traditional narratives are given\nin §<a href=\"#sec:narrcont\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narrcont\">18.1.7</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "Interjections", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:discinterj\" label=\"sec:discinterj\"></span> Interjections\nwere introduced in §<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a> (phonology) and\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a> (as a word class). This\nsection aims at illustrating the use of the most frequent and versatile\nones, starting with yor ‘true’ and ge ‘no(t)’. \nYor ‘true’ is used as an affirmative response.[^99] It can stand on\nits own as a response to the other speaker’s statement. See the\nquestion-answer pair in(<a href=\"#exe:qayes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:qayes\">[exe:qayes]</a>). Yor is about four times\nless frequent than ge ‘no’. Another positive interjection is esie\n‘true’. It is very uncommon, with only one example in the corpus. It\nremains unclear how it differs from yor. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n\\[comparing numbers written on the back of pictures\\] \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nputkansuortalinggaruok\nforty-three\n‘Forty-three?’ <span id=\"exe:qyes\" label=\"exe:qyes\"></span> \nyor yor yor\ntrue true true\n‘Correct.’ <span id=\"exe:ayes\" label=\"exe:ayes\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:qayes\" label=\"exe:qayes\"></span> \n</div> \n‘No(t)’ is ge, which can stand on its own as a response or be tagged\nto a clause to elicit a confirming response from the listener. The\nexchange in(<a href=\"#exe:gema\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gema\">[exe:gema]</a>) illustrates both. The tag\nfunction is also treated in\n§<a href=\"#sec:polq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:polq\">[sec:polq]</a>. See also the description of\nnon-verbal negation in §<a href=\"#sec:negnonv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negnonv\">[sec:negnonv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kat gonggung ter-nan ye ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span> call tea-consume or not\n‘Have they called you for drinking tea or not?’ <span id=\"exe:qno\"\nlabel=\"exe:qno\"></span> \nge ma gonggung ba\nno <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> call but\n‘No, she called but...’ <span id=\"exe:ano\" label=\"exe:ano\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:gema\" label=\"exe:gema\"></span> \n</div> \nEmphasising o is the most common interjection. Typically clause-final,\nit emphasises what has been said before. It is typically uttered at a\nlow pitch, and may be lengthened, vaguely reminiscent of the long and\nhigh e used for excessivity in some other eastern Indonesian languages\n. By adding o to the clause\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nino\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nino\">[exe:nino]</a>), the speaker emphasises that\nthe subject did not catch any fish.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:dungo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dungo\">[exe:dungo]</a>), o stresses that it was\nvery early. It is also typically added to reinforce curses\n(§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a>). Clause-initial o is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sor ramiet=nin o\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> fish\npull=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘He didn’t catch any fish.’ <span id=\"exe:nino\" label=\"exe:nino\"></span>\ngo_dung o\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘In the early morning...’ <span id=\"exe:dungo\" label=\"exe:dungo\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vowel e has several uses as an interjection. It is commonly used\nto introduce quotes, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ehila\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehila\">[exe:ehila]</a>) with speech verb toni\n‘say’ and(<a href=\"#exe:ehan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehan\">[exe:ehan]</a>) without speech verb (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:speech\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:speech\">[sec:speech]</a>). Some other less frequent\nuses of e are subsumed under the gloss int.e and include emphasis,\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:eemph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eemph\">[exe:eemph]</a>), or contempt, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eresign\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eresign\">[exe:eresign]</a>). Encouragement was\nexemplified in §(<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMuji esun=a toni eh Ila Pak gosomin\nMuji father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span> Ila Pak disappear\n‘Muji’s father said: “Ila Pak has disappeared.”’ <span id=\"exe:ehila\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehila\"></span> Santi eh an ma ema_caun=bon taruo\nSanti <span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> move_seawards\naunt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> say\n‘Santi said: “I went to tell aunt...”’ <span id=\"exe:ehan\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehan\"></span> nokin-tar e in sikola=teba\nbe_silent-<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nschool=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘Be silent! We’re schooling.’ <span id=\"exe:eemph\"\nlabel=\"exe:eemph\"></span> kon∼kon mindi=ten me e kuar=kin=et eba\nmetko padi-un=at kajiet=et\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\ncook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nrice_hull-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\npick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘\\[If we have\\] one \\[sack of rice\\] at a time like that, who cares, if\nyou’re about to cook then you pick out the rice hulls.’\n<span id=\"exe:eresign\" label=\"exe:eresign\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag eh and the\nencouraging interjection e are exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ansebot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ansebot\">[exe:ansebot]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bote1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bote1\">[exe:bote1]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ansebot\" label=\"exe:ansebot\"></span> \n<span id=\"exe:bote1\" label=\"exe:bote1\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag can express more\ninsecurity than Malay loan to(h) ‘right’ (which can only be used for\nconfirmation-seeking), and leaves room for the addressee to either\nanswer the question or disagree with the statement, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nebasor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nebasor\">[exe:nebasor]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa me neba-sor eh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span>-fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘What kind of fish is this, huh?’ <span id=\"exe:nebasor\"\nlabel=\"exe:nebasor\"></span> \n</div> \nA clause-initial open vowel a \\[a\\]\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>’ is used as indicator of a clause\nthat introduces a new stage in the narrative.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:int\">[exe:int]</a>), I have attempted to show the\nintonation pattern of a clause with ah. There is a rise (and\nlengthening) at the end of the first clause, a pause, and then the start\nof a new clause with low intonation on the interjection and a low\nboundary tone. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nTebonggan koi ecien=i mia kewe=ko, ah ter-na.\nH $\\mid$ L HL\nall again return=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> come\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> tea-consume\n‘Everyone returned to the house, ah, \\[then we\\] drank tea.’\n<span id=\"exe:int\" label=\"exe:int\"></span> \n</div> \nTwo interjections are likely derived from the Malay interjection aduh,\nan interjection of pain or disappointed surprise. These are adi(h)\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span>, an expression of pain or\ndiscomfort, also in use in the local Malay, and (a)dih or (a)deh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>, an interjection of contempt or\ndissatisfaction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adih mang=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span> bitter=too\n‘He said: “Yuck, too bitter!”’ <span id=\"exe:adih\"\nlabel=\"exe:adih\"></span> ma ka=kongga=ta mia reon adeh alangan-rep\nweinun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg=an.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ncome maybe <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> trouble-get too\n‘He came to you maybe, oh god, looking for trouble too.’\n<span id=\"exe:adeh\" label=\"exe:adeh\"></span> \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:adehin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adehin\">[exe:adehin]</a>), the speaker turns adeh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> into a verb while scolding their\nchild for not wanting to eat their food. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adeh eh ka-mun adeh=in na na na na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej=proh</span> consume consume consume\nconsume\n‘She said: “Oh no.” \\[I’m like:\\] “Don’t you “oh no” me, eat, eat, eat,\neat!”’ <span id=\"exe:adehin\" label=\"exe:adehin\"></span> \n</div> \nSome is used for encouragement, often in a slightly annoyed fashion,\nwhen stating or confirming something that should have been obvious to\nthe addressee. It is translated into local Malay as ‘sudah mu’. Two\nexamples are given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nhari_minggu seng-paku some karajang reidak=ten me\nSunday roof-nail <span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> work\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘Of course we nail the roof on Sunday, there’s a lot of work.’\n<span id=\"exe:sengsome\" label=\"exe:sengsome\"></span> tabai met kosom=ta\nnarasaun tamandi pen ye pen some 2014\ntobacco <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\nsmoke=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> taste how good or good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> 2014\n“That tobacco \\[you’re\\] smoking, how does it taste, good, or what?” “Of\ncourse it’s good, it’s from 2014!” <span id=\"exe:kosome\"\nlabel=\"exe:kosome\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother interjection with a similar function to some is mera, which\nis used to downplay the importance of a reply to a question, or to mark\nthat you are stating the obvious. It is also translated into Malay as\n‘sudah mu’. Consider the following examples. The speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) uses mera to indicate\nthat what she says is obvious.\n(<a href=\"#exe:besm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:besm\">[exe:besm]</a>)\nfollows(<a href=\"#exe:adih\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adih\">[exe:adih]</a>) in the narrative, and is used\nto encourage the speaker, downplaying the fact that the food is bitter.\nMera is also used in standard answers to the question ‘what are you\ndoing?’, as discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:inittermconv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inittermconv\">[sec:inittermconv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \no mu=a ruo reon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=foc</span> dig maybe\n‘Oh maybe they dug.’ o ge mera sontum ruot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> person\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Of course not, people didn’t dig.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:meraruo\" label=\"exe:meraruo\"></span> an toni bes mera\nna\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> consume\n‘I said: “It’s fine, eat.”’ <span id=\"exe:besm\" label=\"exe:besm\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vocative or calling sound for human beings is uei\n(§<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a>). I am not sure what the\nappropriate response is, but at least women, when inside the house when\nsomeone outside is calling, may answer with a rising u or hu at a\nhigh pitch. Another observation made in the field which is not recorded\nin the corpus is that repeated dental clicks are made to express\namazement or incredulity (identified as a common trait in mainland and\nparts of insular South East Asia in )." } ], "index": 67, "level": "low_resource", "question": "My bag has disappeared.", "split": "train" }
Burhan me Tami esunat gonggunget me mama.	Burhan calls Tami's father uncle.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Burhan calls Tami's father uncle.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Burhan\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Buruwai\nKalamang translation: Sabaor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Burhan\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: orphan\nKalamang translation: tumun miskinden\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"calls\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: call\nKalamang translation: paning; gonggung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"calls\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: call names\nKalamang translation: wolnelebor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Tami\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Esa Tanggiun\nKalamang translation: Esa Tanggiun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Tami\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Tarak\nKalamang translation: Torkuran\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: grandfather\nKalamang translation: tara esnem; tata; tete; esnem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: father\nKalamang translation: esa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"uncle\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: feel uncomfortable\nKalamang translation: namakin\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"uncle\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: uncle\nKalamang translation: esa; esa caun; esa temun; mama; mama caun; mama temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Burhan\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends live on the mainland over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu distrik owa gocie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Burhan\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends planted a girawar tree at the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu girawarat oskol owatko kawaya.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"calls\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They called from the mainland.\nKalamang translation: Mu he kelaka gonggung.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"calls\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We call the kids to return.\nKalamang translation: In tok tumtum gonggung yecie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Tami\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi's father and family go push the canoe in the sea.\nKalamang translation: Tamandi esun mu bo erat kosiauri maruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Tami\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi is playing in the sea.\nKalamang translation: Tamandia pasierko kanggeit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's father hit and wounded his toenail.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun kor tanggalip dukta patin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Onin's father and family break down their house's roof.\nKalamang translation: Onin esun mu keweun sengunara maorek.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"uncle\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: First time they came they didn't know people yet.\nKalamang translation: Giarun mu lukta mu tok sontumat komahal.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"uncle\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Uncle bought a shirt for him.\nKalamang translation: Esa temun ladanat jieni ma.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:discinterj\" label=\"sec:discinterj\"></span> Interjections\nwere introduced in §<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a> (phonology) and\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a> (as a word class). This\nsection aims at illustrating the use of the most frequent and versatile\nones, starting with yor ‘true’ and ge ‘no(t)’. \nYor ‘true’ is used as an affirmative response.[^99] It can stand on\nits own as a response to the other speaker’s statement. See the\nquestion-answer pair in(<a href=\"#exe:qayes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:qayes\">[exe:qayes]</a>). Yor is about four times\nless frequent than ge ‘no’. Another positive interjection is esie\n‘true’. It is very uncommon, with only one example in the corpus. It\nremains unclear how it differs from yor. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n\\[comparing numbers written on the back of pictures\\] \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nputkansuortalinggaruok\nforty-three\n‘Forty-three?’ <span id=\"exe:qyes\" label=\"exe:qyes\"></span> \nyor yor yor\ntrue true true\n‘Correct.’ <span id=\"exe:ayes\" label=\"exe:ayes\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:qayes\" label=\"exe:qayes\"></span> \n</div> \n‘No(t)’ is ge, which can stand on its own as a response or be tagged\nto a clause to elicit a confirming response from the listener. The\nexchange in(<a href=\"#exe:gema\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gema\">[exe:gema]</a>) illustrates both. The tag\nfunction is also treated in\n§<a href=\"#sec:polq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:polq\">[sec:polq]</a>. See also the description of\nnon-verbal negation in §<a href=\"#sec:negnonv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negnonv\">[sec:negnonv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kat gonggung ter-nan ye ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span> call tea-consume or not\n‘Have they called you for drinking tea or not?’ <span id=\"exe:qno\"\nlabel=\"exe:qno\"></span> \nge ma gonggung ba\nno <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> call but\n‘No, she called but...’ <span id=\"exe:ano\" label=\"exe:ano\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:gema\" label=\"exe:gema\"></span> \n</div> \nEmphasising o is the most common interjection. Typically clause-final,\nit emphasises what has been said before. It is typically uttered at a\nlow pitch, and may be lengthened, vaguely reminiscent of the long and\nhigh e used for excessivity in some other eastern Indonesian languages\n. By adding o to the clause\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nino\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nino\">[exe:nino]</a>), the speaker emphasises that\nthe subject did not catch any fish.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:dungo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dungo\">[exe:dungo]</a>), o stresses that it was\nvery early. It is also typically added to reinforce curses\n(§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a>). Clause-initial o is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sor ramiet=nin o\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> fish\npull=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘He didn’t catch any fish.’ <span id=\"exe:nino\" label=\"exe:nino\"></span>\ngo_dung o\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘In the early morning...’ <span id=\"exe:dungo\" label=\"exe:dungo\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vowel e has several uses as an interjection. It is commonly used\nto introduce quotes, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ehila\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehila\">[exe:ehila]</a>) with speech verb toni\n‘say’ and(<a href=\"#exe:ehan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehan\">[exe:ehan]</a>) without speech verb (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:speech\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:speech\">[sec:speech]</a>). Some other less frequent\nuses of e are subsumed under the gloss int.e and include emphasis,\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:eemph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eemph\">[exe:eemph]</a>), or contempt, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eresign\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eresign\">[exe:eresign]</a>). Encouragement was\nexemplified in §(<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMuji esun=a toni eh Ila Pak gosomin\nMuji father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span> Ila Pak disappear\n‘Muji’s father said: “Ila Pak has disappeared.”’ <span id=\"exe:ehila\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehila\"></span> Santi eh an ma ema_caun=bon taruo\nSanti <span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> move_seawards\naunt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> say\n‘Santi said: “I went to tell aunt...”’ <span id=\"exe:ehan\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehan\"></span> nokin-tar e in sikola=teba\nbe_silent-<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nschool=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘Be silent! We’re schooling.’ <span id=\"exe:eemph\"\nlabel=\"exe:eemph\"></span> kon∼kon mindi=ten me e kuar=kin=et eba\nmetko padi-un=at kajiet=et\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\ncook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nrice_hull-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\npick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘\\[If we have\\] one \\[sack of rice\\] at a time like that, who cares, if\nyou’re about to cook then you pick out the rice hulls.’\n<span id=\"exe:eresign\" label=\"exe:eresign\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag eh and the\nencouraging interjection e are exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ansebot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ansebot\">[exe:ansebot]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bote1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bote1\">[exe:bote1]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ansebot\" label=\"exe:ansebot\"></span> \n<span id=\"exe:bote1\" label=\"exe:bote1\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag can express more\ninsecurity than Malay loan to(h) ‘right’ (which can only be used for\nconfirmation-seeking), and leaves room for the addressee to either\nanswer the question or disagree with the statement, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nebasor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nebasor\">[exe:nebasor]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa me neba-sor eh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span>-fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘What kind of fish is this, huh?’ <span id=\"exe:nebasor\"\nlabel=\"exe:nebasor\"></span> \n</div> \nA clause-initial open vowel a \\[a\\]\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>’ is used as indicator of a clause\nthat introduces a new stage in the narrative.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:int\">[exe:int]</a>), I have attempted to show the\nintonation pattern of a clause with ah. There is a rise (and\nlengthening) at the end of the first clause, a pause, and then the start\nof a new clause with low intonation on the interjection and a low\nboundary tone. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nTebonggan koi ecien=i mia kewe=ko, ah ter-na.\nH $\\mid$ L HL\nall again return=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> come\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> tea-consume\n‘Everyone returned to the house, ah, \\[then we\\] drank tea.’\n<span id=\"exe:int\" label=\"exe:int\"></span> \n</div> \nTwo interjections are likely derived from the Malay interjection aduh,\nan interjection of pain or disappointed surprise. These are adi(h)\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span>, an expression of pain or\ndiscomfort, also in use in the local Malay, and (a)dih or (a)deh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>, an interjection of contempt or\ndissatisfaction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adih mang=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span> bitter=too\n‘He said: “Yuck, too bitter!”’ <span id=\"exe:adih\"\nlabel=\"exe:adih\"></span> ma ka=kongga=ta mia reon adeh alangan-rep\nweinun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg=an.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ncome maybe <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> trouble-get too\n‘He came to you maybe, oh god, looking for trouble too.’\n<span id=\"exe:adeh\" label=\"exe:adeh\"></span> \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:adehin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adehin\">[exe:adehin]</a>), the speaker turns adeh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> into a verb while scolding their\nchild for not wanting to eat their food. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adeh eh ka-mun adeh=in na na na na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej=proh</span> consume consume consume\nconsume\n‘She said: “Oh no.” \\[I’m like:\\] “Don’t you “oh no” me, eat, eat, eat,\neat!”’ <span id=\"exe:adehin\" label=\"exe:adehin\"></span> \n</div> \nSome is used for encouragement, often in a slightly annoyed fashion,\nwhen stating or confirming something that should have been obvious to\nthe addressee. It is translated into local Malay as ‘sudah mu’. Two\nexamples are given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nhari_minggu seng-paku some karajang reidak=ten me\nSunday roof-nail <span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> work\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘Of course we nail the roof on Sunday, there’s a lot of work.’\n<span id=\"exe:sengsome\" label=\"exe:sengsome\"></span> tabai met kosom=ta\nnarasaun tamandi pen ye pen some 2014\ntobacco <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\nsmoke=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> taste how good or good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> 2014\n“That tobacco \\[you’re\\] smoking, how does it taste, good, or what?” “Of\ncourse it’s good, it’s from 2014!” <span id=\"exe:kosome\"\nlabel=\"exe:kosome\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother interjection with a similar function to some is mera, which\nis used to downplay the importance of a reply to a question, or to mark\nthat you are stating the obvious. It is also translated into Malay as\n‘sudah mu’. Consider the following examples. The speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) uses mera to indicate\nthat what she says is obvious.\n(<a href=\"#exe:besm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:besm\">[exe:besm]</a>)\nfollows(<a href=\"#exe:adih\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adih\">[exe:adih]</a>) in the narrative, and is used\nto encourage the speaker, downplaying the fact that the food is bitter.\nMera is also used in standard answers to the question ‘what are you\ndoing?’, as discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:inittermconv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inittermconv\">[sec:inittermconv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \no mu=a ruo reon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=foc</span> dig maybe\n‘Oh maybe they dug.’ o ge mera sontum ruot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> person\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Of course not, people didn’t dig.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:meraruo\" label=\"exe:meraruo\"></span> an toni bes mera\nna\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> consume\n‘I said: “It’s fine, eat.”’ <span id=\"exe:besm\" label=\"exe:besm\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vocative or calling sound for human beings is uei\n(§<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a>). I am not sure what the\nappropriate response is, but at least women, when inside the house when\nsomeone outside is calling, may answer with a rising u or hu at a\nhigh pitch. Another observation made in the field which is not recorded\nin the corpus is that repeated dental clicks are made to express\namazement or incredulity (identified as a common trait in mainland and\nparts of insular South East Asia in ).\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:names\" label=\"sec:names\"></span> Besides kinship terms,\npersonal proper names are a common strategy for non-pronominal reference\nand address. Because it is customary to avoid first names, most people\nare known by a variety of names. Names can be divided into three\ncategories: given names, nicknames and teknonyms. \nMost Kalamang speakers have an Arabic name as their given name. Some\nnon-Arabic names of community members are Erna, Sabtu (Malay ‘Saturday’)\nand Bini (Malay ‘wife’). I am not aware of any names that are regarded\nas Kalamang proper names. \nNicknames can be of many kinds, and can change throughout a person’s\nlifetime. Nicknames may be regular first names, such as Manto, which was\ngiven to a Kalamang speaker by visiting fishermen. Nicknames may also\noriginate in other entities, such as Mester, the name of the boat on\nwhich that person was born. One boy is called Kalamang, after the name\nof his people. Nicknames also commonly refer to someone’s place of\norigin, especially if they are the first or only person from that place:\nKei-ca stands for Kei-man Walaka-ca for Gorom-man. \nAs soon as someone becomes a parent, that person can be referred to and\naddressed with their teknonym (the name of their first child) followed\nby esun ‘father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ or emun\n‘mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. This is exemplified with\nNyong esun ‘Nyong’s father’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nyong\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nyong\">[exe:nyong]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNyong esun=a marua yuwa\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=foc</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘Nyong’s father comes towards sea here.’ <span id=\"exe:nyong\"\nlabel=\"exe:nyong\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen someone becomes a grandparent, the teknonym is usually replaced\nwith the name of the first grandchild, although the name of the first\nchild may also still be used. Someone can thus be known as ‘X’s\ngrandmother’ and ‘Y’s mother’ at the same time. For married people\nwithout children, the name of the spouse may be used: ‘X’s wife’, or\n‘Y’s husband’. If the spouse is not Kalamang, his or her name is\ngenerally avoided, and the person is referred to with a nickname.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Burhan calls Tami's father uncle.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Burhan me Tami esunat gonggunget me mama.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Burhan me Tami esunat gonggunget me mama.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "Interjections", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:discinterj\" label=\"sec:discinterj\"></span> Interjections\nwere introduced in §<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a> (phonology) and\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a> (as a word class). This\nsection aims at illustrating the use of the most frequent and versatile\nones, starting with yor ‘true’ and ge ‘no(t)’. \nYor ‘true’ is used as an affirmative response.[^99] It can stand on\nits own as a response to the other speaker’s statement. See the\nquestion-answer pair in(<a href=\"#exe:qayes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:qayes\">[exe:qayes]</a>). Yor is about four times\nless frequent than ge ‘no’. Another positive interjection is esie\n‘true’. It is very uncommon, with only one example in the corpus. It\nremains unclear how it differs from yor. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n\\[comparing numbers written on the back of pictures\\] \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nputkansuortalinggaruok\nforty-three\n‘Forty-three?’ <span id=\"exe:qyes\" label=\"exe:qyes\"></span> \nyor yor yor\ntrue true true\n‘Correct.’ <span id=\"exe:ayes\" label=\"exe:ayes\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:qayes\" label=\"exe:qayes\"></span> \n</div> \n‘No(t)’ is ge, which can stand on its own as a response or be tagged\nto a clause to elicit a confirming response from the listener. The\nexchange in(<a href=\"#exe:gema\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gema\">[exe:gema]</a>) illustrates both. The tag\nfunction is also treated in\n§<a href=\"#sec:polq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:polq\">[sec:polq]</a>. See also the description of\nnon-verbal negation in §<a href=\"#sec:negnonv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negnonv\">[sec:negnonv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kat gonggung ter-nan ye ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span> call tea-consume or not\n‘Have they called you for drinking tea or not?’ <span id=\"exe:qno\"\nlabel=\"exe:qno\"></span> \nge ma gonggung ba\nno <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> call but\n‘No, she called but...’ <span id=\"exe:ano\" label=\"exe:ano\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:gema\" label=\"exe:gema\"></span> \n</div> \nEmphasising o is the most common interjection. Typically clause-final,\nit emphasises what has been said before. It is typically uttered at a\nlow pitch, and may be lengthened, vaguely reminiscent of the long and\nhigh e used for excessivity in some other eastern Indonesian languages\n. By adding o to the clause\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nino\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nino\">[exe:nino]</a>), the speaker emphasises that\nthe subject did not catch any fish.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:dungo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dungo\">[exe:dungo]</a>), o stresses that it was\nvery early. It is also typically added to reinforce curses\n(§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a>). Clause-initial o is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sor ramiet=nin o\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> fish\npull=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘He didn’t catch any fish.’ <span id=\"exe:nino\" label=\"exe:nino\"></span>\ngo_dung o\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘In the early morning...’ <span id=\"exe:dungo\" label=\"exe:dungo\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vowel e has several uses as an interjection. It is commonly used\nto introduce quotes, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ehila\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehila\">[exe:ehila]</a>) with speech verb toni\n‘say’ and(<a href=\"#exe:ehan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehan\">[exe:ehan]</a>) without speech verb (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:speech\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:speech\">[sec:speech]</a>). Some other less frequent\nuses of e are subsumed under the gloss int.e and include emphasis,\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:eemph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eemph\">[exe:eemph]</a>), or contempt, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eresign\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eresign\">[exe:eresign]</a>). Encouragement was\nexemplified in §(<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMuji esun=a toni eh Ila Pak gosomin\nMuji father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span> Ila Pak disappear\n‘Muji’s father said: “Ila Pak has disappeared.”’ <span id=\"exe:ehila\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehila\"></span> Santi eh an ma ema_caun=bon taruo\nSanti <span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> move_seawards\naunt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> say\n‘Santi said: “I went to tell aunt...”’ <span id=\"exe:ehan\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehan\"></span> nokin-tar e in sikola=teba\nbe_silent-<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nschool=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘Be silent! We’re schooling.’ <span id=\"exe:eemph\"\nlabel=\"exe:eemph\"></span> kon∼kon mindi=ten me e kuar=kin=et eba\nmetko padi-un=at kajiet=et\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\ncook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nrice_hull-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\npick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘\\[If we have\\] one \\[sack of rice\\] at a time like that, who cares, if\nyou’re about to cook then you pick out the rice hulls.’\n<span id=\"exe:eresign\" label=\"exe:eresign\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag eh and the\nencouraging interjection e are exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ansebot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ansebot\">[exe:ansebot]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bote1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bote1\">[exe:bote1]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ansebot\" label=\"exe:ansebot\"></span> \n<span id=\"exe:bote1\" label=\"exe:bote1\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag can express more\ninsecurity than Malay loan to(h) ‘right’ (which can only be used for\nconfirmation-seeking), and leaves room for the addressee to either\nanswer the question or disagree with the statement, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nebasor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nebasor\">[exe:nebasor]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa me neba-sor eh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span>-fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘What kind of fish is this, huh?’ <span id=\"exe:nebasor\"\nlabel=\"exe:nebasor\"></span> \n</div> \nA clause-initial open vowel a \\[a\\]\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>’ is used as indicator of a clause\nthat introduces a new stage in the narrative.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:int\">[exe:int]</a>), I have attempted to show the\nintonation pattern of a clause with ah. There is a rise (and\nlengthening) at the end of the first clause, a pause, and then the start\nof a new clause with low intonation on the interjection and a low\nboundary tone. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nTebonggan koi ecien=i mia kewe=ko, ah ter-na.\nH $\\mid$ L HL\nall again return=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> come\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> tea-consume\n‘Everyone returned to the house, ah, \\[then we\\] drank tea.’\n<span id=\"exe:int\" label=\"exe:int\"></span> \n</div> \nTwo interjections are likely derived from the Malay interjection aduh,\nan interjection of pain or disappointed surprise. These are adi(h)\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span>, an expression of pain or\ndiscomfort, also in use in the local Malay, and (a)dih or (a)deh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>, an interjection of contempt or\ndissatisfaction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adih mang=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span> bitter=too\n‘He said: “Yuck, too bitter!”’ <span id=\"exe:adih\"\nlabel=\"exe:adih\"></span> ma ka=kongga=ta mia reon adeh alangan-rep\nweinun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg=an.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ncome maybe <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> trouble-get too\n‘He came to you maybe, oh god, looking for trouble too.’\n<span id=\"exe:adeh\" label=\"exe:adeh\"></span> \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:adehin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adehin\">[exe:adehin]</a>), the speaker turns adeh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> into a verb while scolding their\nchild for not wanting to eat their food. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adeh eh ka-mun adeh=in na na na na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej=proh</span> consume consume consume\nconsume\n‘She said: “Oh no.” \\[I’m like:\\] “Don’t you “oh no” me, eat, eat, eat,\neat!”’ <span id=\"exe:adehin\" label=\"exe:adehin\"></span> \n</div> \nSome is used for encouragement, often in a slightly annoyed fashion,\nwhen stating or confirming something that should have been obvious to\nthe addressee. It is translated into local Malay as ‘sudah mu’. Two\nexamples are given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nhari_minggu seng-paku some karajang reidak=ten me\nSunday roof-nail <span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> work\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘Of course we nail the roof on Sunday, there’s a lot of work.’\n<span id=\"exe:sengsome\" label=\"exe:sengsome\"></span> tabai met kosom=ta\nnarasaun tamandi pen ye pen some 2014\ntobacco <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\nsmoke=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> taste how good or good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> 2014\n“That tobacco \\[you’re\\] smoking, how does it taste, good, or what?” “Of\ncourse it’s good, it’s from 2014!” <span id=\"exe:kosome\"\nlabel=\"exe:kosome\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother interjection with a similar function to some is mera, which\nis used to downplay the importance of a reply to a question, or to mark\nthat you are stating the obvious. It is also translated into Malay as\n‘sudah mu’. Consider the following examples. The speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) uses mera to indicate\nthat what she says is obvious.\n(<a href=\"#exe:besm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:besm\">[exe:besm]</a>)\nfollows(<a href=\"#exe:adih\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adih\">[exe:adih]</a>) in the narrative, and is used\nto encourage the speaker, downplaying the fact that the food is bitter.\nMera is also used in standard answers to the question ‘what are you\ndoing?’, as discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:inittermconv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inittermconv\">[sec:inittermconv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \no mu=a ruo reon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=foc</span> dig maybe\n‘Oh maybe they dug.’ o ge mera sontum ruot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> person\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Of course not, people didn’t dig.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:meraruo\" label=\"exe:meraruo\"></span> an toni bes mera\nna\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> consume\n‘I said: “It’s fine, eat.”’ <span id=\"exe:besm\" label=\"exe:besm\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vocative or calling sound for human beings is uei\n(§<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a>). I am not sure what the\nappropriate response is, but at least women, when inside the house when\nsomeone outside is calling, may answer with a rising u or hu at a\nhigh pitch. Another observation made in the field which is not recorded\nin the corpus is that repeated dental clicks are made to express\namazement or incredulity (identified as a common trait in mainland and\nparts of insular South East Asia in )." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Non-pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "Names", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:names\" label=\"sec:names\"></span> Besides kinship terms,\npersonal proper names are a common strategy for non-pronominal reference\nand address. Because it is customary to avoid first names, most people\nare known by a variety of names. Names can be divided into three\ncategories: given names, nicknames and teknonyms. \nMost Kalamang speakers have an Arabic name as their given name. Some\nnon-Arabic names of community members are Erna, Sabtu (Malay ‘Saturday’)\nand Bini (Malay ‘wife’). I am not aware of any names that are regarded\nas Kalamang proper names. \nNicknames can be of many kinds, and can change throughout a person’s\nlifetime. Nicknames may be regular first names, such as Manto, which was\ngiven to a Kalamang speaker by visiting fishermen. Nicknames may also\noriginate in other entities, such as Mester, the name of the boat on\nwhich that person was born. One boy is called Kalamang, after the name\nof his people. Nicknames also commonly refer to someone’s place of\norigin, especially if they are the first or only person from that place:\nKei-ca stands for Kei-man Walaka-ca for Gorom-man. \nAs soon as someone becomes a parent, that person can be referred to and\naddressed with their teknonym (the name of their first child) followed\nby esun ‘father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’ or emun\n‘mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. This is exemplified with\nNyong esun ‘Nyong’s father’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nyong\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nyong\">[exe:nyong]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nNyong esun=a marua yuwa\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=foc</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘Nyong’s father comes towards sea here.’ <span id=\"exe:nyong\"\nlabel=\"exe:nyong\"></span> \n</div> \nWhen someone becomes a grandparent, the teknonym is usually replaced\nwith the name of the first grandchild, although the name of the first\nchild may also still be used. Someone can thus be known as ‘X’s\ngrandmother’ and ‘Y’s mother’ at the same time. For married people\nwithout children, the name of the spouse may be used: ‘X’s wife’, or\n‘Y’s husband’. If the spouse is not Kalamang, his or her name is\ngenerally avoided, and the person is referred to with a nickname." } ], "index": 68, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Burhan calls Tami's father uncle.", "split": "train" }
Nabil emun mu kawuokjie bubirkuarte di tumtumgin.	Nabil's mother and friends buy beans to cook porridge to give to the kids.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Nabil's mother and friends buy beans to cook porridge to give to the kids.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Nabil\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: boil\nKalamang translation: nasomit; sabet; laur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Nabil\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: until\nKalamang translation: bo; sampai; sampi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: greatgrandmother\nKalamang translation: ninanus; tataninanus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mother\nKalamang translation: ema\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"friends\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fried coconut\nKalamang translation: wat pasor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"friends\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: friend\nKalamang translation: lidan; teman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"buy\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: bull/reef shark\nKalamang translation: lopteng\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"buy\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: buy\nKalamang translation: jie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"beans\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: bean\nKalamang translation: kawuok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"beans\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: green beans\nKalamang translation: boncis\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cook\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cooked\nKalamang translation: ruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cook\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cook\nKalamang translation: kuar; muawaruo; pau\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"porridge\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: ridge pole\nKalamang translation: tunggin\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"porridge\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: porridge\nKalamang translation: bubir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"give\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: give birth\nKalamang translation: amkeit; unmasir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"give\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: give\nKalamang translation: ∅\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"kids\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: butcherbirds\nKalamang translation: loup\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"kids\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: kidneys\nKalamang translation: kale; kir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Nabil\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's mother is talking to me but she's turning her back to me.\nKalamang translation: Nabil emun anbon garung ba ma anat kosilep.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Nabil\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil is plagued by mucus.\nKalamang translation: Nabil marur mat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother lost weight, she's small.\nKalamang translation: Saiilima emun kadenun tur, kaden cicaun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.\nKalamang translation: Tamandi emun kiwat semda bo dalangdalang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"friends\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"friends\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends live on the mainland over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu distrik owa gocie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"buy\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Desi sits but Fit is disturbing her too much.\nKalamang translation: Desi melalu ba Fit mat koyalsawe.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"buy\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dalima goes up to buy noodles but Sakina and family are still eating.\nKalamang translation: Dalima sara mijie ba Sakina mu tok muap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"beans\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends planted a girawar tree at the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu girawarat oskol owatko kawaya.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"beans\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They walked until the edge of the beach.\nKalamang translation: Mu marmari os koldun bo duk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cook\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother is pestling chilli, she wants to cook fish with that.\nKalamang translation: Salima emun lenggalengga naloli minggi sor kuarkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cook\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Before, they went to pick mangosteen to cook and eat.\nKalamang translation: Wiseme mu bo gainkajie kuarte na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"porridge\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends planted a girawar tree at the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu girawarat oskol owatko kawaya.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"porridge\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The ducks ar swimming at the edge of the water in a row.\nKalamang translation: Bebak yie perbolat pareirte dong.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"give\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: She gives birth in the hospital.\nKalamang translation: Ma ime rumasakitko amkeit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"give\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I give him this water.\nKalamang translation: An ter wat kosiauri ma.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"kids\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The kids climbed to the top of the tree.\nKalamang translation: Tumtum sara rorkeitko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"kids\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The kids are making noise.\nKalamang translation: Tumtum narabir.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThere are three recurrent ways of presenting the protagonist(s) of a\nnarrative. In contrast to conversations, where the use of pronouns,\ndemonstratives and personal names is common, for the first mention of a\nnew subject, the protagonists of a narrative need to be introduced to\nthe audience. \nFirst, the protagonist(s) may be introduced by a generic category (e.g.\ntumun ‘child’), sometimes together with a numeral (typically kon\n‘one’, see for<a href=\"#exe:kelubg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kelubg\">[exe:kelubg]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:turison\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:turison\">[exe:turison]</a>) illustrates the\nintroduction of a person that the protagonist had spotted from afar. The\nperson is introduced as ‘a tourist’. The names of protagonists may or\nmay not be given later in the narrative. In Crab, the names of the\nprotagonists are given at the end of the story. In Married to a\nmermaid, they are given straight after introducing them (as part of the\nbackground information), and in The naked tourist the name of the\ntourist is never given. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan tiri mara o padahal turis-sontum\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> sail move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> actually tourist-person\n‘I sailed landwards, oh, in fact it was a tourist.’\n<span id=\"exe:turison\" label=\"exe:turison\"></span> \n</div> \nSecond, the protagonist(s) are introduced by a generic category and\nanaphoric demonstrative opa\n(§<a href=\"#sec:demopa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:demopa\">[sec:demopa]</a>), as was illustrated\nin<a href=\"#exe:miertet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:miertet\">[exe:miertet]</a>. A similar example\nis(<a href=\"#exe:kahopa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kahopa\">[exe:kahopa]</a>). The use of opa reveals\nthat the audience has or is supposed to have knowledge of the referent,\neither because it has been mentioned before (off-camera) or because it\nis assumed to be shared knowledge. The use of opa is also common in\nother genres, and can be combined with generic categories as well as\nwith personal names. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsekarang kahamin opa me mu se\nnow bird <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n‘Now, those birds, they...’ <span id=\"exe:kahopa\"\nlabel=\"exe:kahopa\"></span> \n</div> \nThird, the narrator may “fail” to introduce the protagonist(s) and refer\nto them with a pronoun. This happens in two stories that are about the\nKalamang forefathers (Kuawi and Finding water at Sui), who are\nreferred to with the third-person plural pronoun mu, and in\nKelengkeleng woman. The speaker starts the story with a third-person\nsingular pronoun\n(example<a href=\"#exe:wakmake\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wakmake\">[exe:wakmake]</a>), which refers to the\nmurderer which dominates the first half of the story. It is unclear\nwhether this is the consequence of some kind of introduction that was\ndone off-camera. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwaktu ma kewe-un yawetko ma tua=ta me\nwhen <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">down.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nlive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘When she lived in her house down there...’ <span id=\"exe:wakmake\"\nlabel=\"exe:wakmake\"></span> \n</div> \nAfter the first introduction, the protagonists are as much as possible\nreferred to with pronouns, or with names or their generic terms when\nthey need to be differentiated, for example, because of\nswitch-reference. This is no different from other genres in Kalamang.\nEither subject or object may be elided if they stay the same across\nclauses. See also §<a href=\"#sec:pragvar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:pragvar\">[sec:pragvar]</a>. \nThe switch from generic term to pronoun is illustrated\nin<a href=\"#exe:emunmasu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:emunmasu\">[exe:emunmasu]</a>. After the presentation\nof the protagonists (a mother and her two children) and some background\ninformation in Crab\n(example<a href=\"#exe:kelubg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kelubg\">[exe:kelubg]</a>), the narrator sets the\nsubject as emun ‘their mother’, and refers to the children as mier\n‘they two’. She repeats ‘their mother’ two times while setting the\nscene, and then switches to the pronoun. The pronoun use is maintained\nfor three clauses, when there is a change of subject to one of the\nchildren. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nemun se bo masu\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go night_fish\n‘Mother went night fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:emunmasu\"\nlabel=\"exe:emunmasu\"></span> mier kewe=ko emun se bo masu\nemun bo masu masu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go night_fish\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> go night_fish night_fish\n‘They two stayed in the house, their mother went fishing. Mother went\nfishing and fishing,’ sor saerak keluer-un et-kon\nfish <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\ncrab-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-one\n‘\\[but\\] there was no fish, she had one crab.’ keluer-un et-kon=a ma\nse kuru masara kiem neko mangang∼gang\ncrab-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-one=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbring move_landwards basket inside\nhang∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘She had one crab, she brought it landwards hanging in her basket.’ bo\ngo_dung ma toni keluer=at sair=tar eh an amdir=ka bo=et\ngo morning <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\ncrab=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nbake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘In the morning she said: “Bake the crab, I’ll go to the garden.”’\nma amdir=ka bo muap-ruo ... sair ba ki-mun na=in eh keluer-an=a\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go food-dig bake but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl-proh</span>\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\ncrab-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=foc</span>\n‘She went to the garden to dig up food. “Bake, but don’t you eat \\[it\\],\neh, my crab!”’ keluer opa sair=i koyet adik-un cicaun se minta\ncrab <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\nbake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nyounger_sibling.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly-3poss</span> small\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> beg\n‘After baking that crab, the younger brother already begs.’ ma se\npaning\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbeg\n‘He already begs.’ \n</div> \n</div> \nThe use of pronouns is less common in Linglong, where there is a\nconstant switch between the monkey and the cuscus. However, when they\nare referred to as a pair, the narrator always uses a third person dual\nor plural pronoun. Only when they are introduced are they referred to as\n‘cuscus and monkey’. (<a href=\"#exe:cusmon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:cusmon\">[exe:cusmon]</a>) shows a switch in\nreference from the monkey to the cuscus, followed by a pronominal\nreference to both of them. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nleki toni yo pi se bo parin=te\nmonkey say yes <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\nsell=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Monkey says: “Yes, let’s go sell.”’ kusukusu toni yo\ncuscus say yes\n‘Cuscus says: “Yes.”’ mu se et=at di=marua\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncanoe=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\n‘They moved the canoe towards sea \\[launched the canoe\\].’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:cusmon\" label=\"exe:cusmon\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:allprons\" label=\"sec:allprons\"></span> Another series of\nquantifying pronouns are the collective pronouns. The use of a\ncollective pronoun stresses that all referents referred to with a\npronoun were partaking in the action described. It contrasts with the\nrestricting -(a)hutak series described above. The suffix, which is\nonly added to plural pronouns, varies between the forms -naninggan,\n-nininggan and -ninggan. The -naninggan form perhaps contains the\nmorpheme -nan ‘too’, but the three forms mentioned here seem to be\nused interchangeably. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nBobi emun=bon tumtum-un=bon in-naninggan=a se mara metko\nBobi mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>\nchildren-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-all=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n‘We together with Bobi’s mother and her children, we all went there.’ \n</div> \nFor the dual forms, the suffix just takes the form -gan, resulting in\nthe meaning ‘we both, you both, they both’, as shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:miergan2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:miergan2\">[exe:miergan2]</a>). This suffix is also\nused on numerals with the meaning ‘both’ or ‘all’. Note that the\nmorpheme -gan also seems to be part of the word tebonggan ‘all’.\nTebon does not have a meaning on its own. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmier-gan nakal-un elak-pis\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl.du</span>-both\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> down-side\n‘They both have their heads down’. <span id=\"exe:miergan2\"\nlabel=\"exe:miergan2\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Nabil's mother and friends buy beans to cook porridge to give to the kids.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Nabil emun mu kawuokjie bubirkuarte di tumtumgin.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Nabil emun mu kawuokjie bubirkuarte di tumtumgin.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "The structure of narratives", "Header 3": "Presenting the protagonist(s) and participant tracking", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "There are three recurrent ways of presenting the protagonist(s) of a\nnarrative. In contrast to conversations, where the use of pronouns,\ndemonstratives and personal names is common, for the first mention of a\nnew subject, the protagonists of a narrative need to be introduced to\nthe audience. \nFirst, the protagonist(s) may be introduced by a generic category (e.g.\ntumun ‘child’), sometimes together with a numeral (typically kon\n‘one’, see for<a href=\"#exe:kelubg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kelubg\">[exe:kelubg]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:turison\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:turison\">[exe:turison]</a>) illustrates the\nintroduction of a person that the protagonist had spotted from afar. The\nperson is introduced as ‘a tourist’. The names of protagonists may or\nmay not be given later in the narrative. In Crab, the names of the\nprotagonists are given at the end of the story. In Married to a\nmermaid, they are given straight after introducing them (as part of the\nbackground information), and in The naked tourist the name of the\ntourist is never given. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan tiri mara o padahal turis-sontum\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> sail move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> actually tourist-person\n‘I sailed landwards, oh, in fact it was a tourist.’\n<span id=\"exe:turison\" label=\"exe:turison\"></span> \n</div> \nSecond, the protagonist(s) are introduced by a generic category and\nanaphoric demonstrative opa\n(§<a href=\"#sec:demopa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:demopa\">[sec:demopa]</a>), as was illustrated\nin<a href=\"#exe:miertet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:miertet\">[exe:miertet]</a>. A similar example\nis(<a href=\"#exe:kahopa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kahopa\">[exe:kahopa]</a>). The use of opa reveals\nthat the audience has or is supposed to have knowledge of the referent,\neither because it has been mentioned before (off-camera) or because it\nis assumed to be shared knowledge. The use of opa is also common in\nother genres, and can be combined with generic categories as well as\nwith personal names. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsekarang kahamin opa me mu se\nnow bird <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n‘Now, those birds, they...’ <span id=\"exe:kahopa\"\nlabel=\"exe:kahopa\"></span> \n</div> \nThird, the narrator may “fail” to introduce the protagonist(s) and refer\nto them with a pronoun. This happens in two stories that are about the\nKalamang forefathers (Kuawi and Finding water at Sui), who are\nreferred to with the third-person plural pronoun mu, and in\nKelengkeleng woman. The speaker starts the story with a third-person\nsingular pronoun\n(example<a href=\"#exe:wakmake\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wakmake\">[exe:wakmake]</a>), which refers to the\nmurderer which dominates the first half of the story. It is unclear\nwhether this is the consequence of some kind of introduction that was\ndone off-camera. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwaktu ma kewe-un yawetko ma tua=ta me\nwhen <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">down.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nlive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘When she lived in her house down there...’ <span id=\"exe:wakmake\"\nlabel=\"exe:wakmake\"></span> \n</div> \nAfter the first introduction, the protagonists are as much as possible\nreferred to with pronouns, or with names or their generic terms when\nthey need to be differentiated, for example, because of\nswitch-reference. This is no different from other genres in Kalamang.\nEither subject or object may be elided if they stay the same across\nclauses. See also §<a href=\"#sec:pragvar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:pragvar\">[sec:pragvar]</a>. \nThe switch from generic term to pronoun is illustrated\nin<a href=\"#exe:emunmasu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:emunmasu\">[exe:emunmasu]</a>. After the presentation\nof the protagonists (a mother and her two children) and some background\ninformation in Crab\n(example<a href=\"#exe:kelubg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kelubg\">[exe:kelubg]</a>), the narrator sets the\nsubject as emun ‘their mother’, and refers to the children as mier\n‘they two’. She repeats ‘their mother’ two times while setting the\nscene, and then switches to the pronoun. The pronoun use is maintained\nfor three clauses, when there is a change of subject to one of the\nchildren. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nemun se bo masu\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go night_fish\n‘Mother went night fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:emunmasu\"\nlabel=\"exe:emunmasu\"></span> mier kewe=ko emun se bo masu\nemun bo masu masu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go night_fish\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> go night_fish night_fish\n‘They two stayed in the house, their mother went fishing. Mother went\nfishing and fishing,’ sor saerak keluer-un et-kon\nfish <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\ncrab-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-one\n‘\\[but\\] there was no fish, she had one crab.’ keluer-un et-kon=a ma\nse kuru masara kiem neko mangang∼gang\ncrab-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-one=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbring move_landwards basket inside\nhang∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘She had one crab, she brought it landwards hanging in her basket.’ bo\ngo_dung ma toni keluer=at sair=tar eh an amdir=ka bo=et\ngo morning <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\ncrab=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nbake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘In the morning she said: “Bake the crab, I’ll go to the garden.”’\nma amdir=ka bo muap-ruo ... sair ba ki-mun na=in eh keluer-an=a\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ngarden=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go food-dig bake but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl-proh</span>\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\ncrab-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=foc</span>\n‘She went to the garden to dig up food. “Bake, but don’t you eat \\[it\\],\neh, my crab!”’ keluer opa sair=i koyet adik-un cicaun se minta\ncrab <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\nbake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nyounger_sibling.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly-3poss</span> small\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> beg\n‘After baking that crab, the younger brother already begs.’ ma se\npaning\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbeg\n‘He already begs.’ \n</div> \n</div> \nThe use of pronouns is less common in Linglong, where there is a\nconstant switch between the monkey and the cuscus. However, when they\nare referred to as a pair, the narrator always uses a third person dual\nor plural pronoun. Only when they are introduced are they referred to as\n‘cuscus and monkey’. (<a href=\"#exe:cusmon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:cusmon\">[exe:cusmon]</a>) shows a switch in\nreference from the monkey to the cuscus, followed by a pronominal\nreference to both of them. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nleki toni yo pi se bo parin=te\nmonkey say yes <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\nsell=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Monkey says: “Yes, let’s go sell.”’ kusukusu toni yo\ncuscus say yes\n‘Cuscus says: “Yes.”’ mu se et=at di=marua\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncanoe=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\n‘They moved the canoe towards sea \\[launched the canoe\\].’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:cusmon\" label=\"exe:cusmon\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "Collective pronouns", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:allprons\" label=\"sec:allprons\"></span> Another series of\nquantifying pronouns are the collective pronouns. The use of a\ncollective pronoun stresses that all referents referred to with a\npronoun were partaking in the action described. It contrasts with the\nrestricting -(a)hutak series described above. The suffix, which is\nonly added to plural pronouns, varies between the forms -naninggan,\n-nininggan and -ninggan. The -naninggan form perhaps contains the\nmorpheme -nan ‘too’, but the three forms mentioned here seem to be\nused interchangeably. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nBobi emun=bon tumtum-un=bon in-naninggan=a se mara metko\nBobi mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>\nchildren-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-all=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n‘We together with Bobi’s mother and her children, we all went there.’ \n</div> \nFor the dual forms, the suffix just takes the form -gan, resulting in\nthe meaning ‘we both, you both, they both’, as shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:miergan2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:miergan2\">[exe:miergan2]</a>). This suffix is also\nused on numerals with the meaning ‘both’ or ‘all’. Note that the\nmorpheme -gan also seems to be part of the word tebonggan ‘all’.\nTebon does not have a meaning on its own. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmier-gan nakal-un elak-pis\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl.du</span>-both\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> down-side\n‘They both have their heads down’. <span id=\"exe:miergan2\"\nlabel=\"exe:miergan2\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 69, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Nabil's mother and friends buy beans to cook porridge to give to the kids.", "split": "train" }
Jikri kataperor potma reba.	Jikri is cutting a catapult.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Jikri is cutting a catapult.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Jikri\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: rice\nKalamang translation: pasa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Jikri\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pestle for coconut and kanari nut\nKalamang translation: rusinggain\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cutting\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sting\nKalamang translation: sie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cutting\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"catapult\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: catch\nKalamang translation: loku; tangkap\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"catapult\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: catapult\nKalamang translation: kataperor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Jikri\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother is sieving sago, she wants to make sago.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun muapsabur kurera reba minggi sanggeran paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Jikri\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun gave back his shirt to Jikri.\nKalamang translation: Alun ladanunat namasuk Jikri kongga.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cutting\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cutting\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He is cutting a spear handle.\nKalamang translation: Ma kahalonggein potma reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I saw Hidayat's father and family skin a deer.\nKalamang translation: An kona Hidayat esun mu rusat kawaruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That crow is making a nest in the coconut.\nKalamang translation: Goras yume eunara wat kerunggo paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"catapult\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: An eagle cam down to catch a fish.\nKalamang translation: Lusi etkon bara sorat jie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"catapult\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That dog is barking at a cat.\nKalamang translation: Bal imene sikanara koboukbouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:syntel\" label=\"sec:syntel\"></span> In natural spoken\nKalamang, when retrievable from the context, either the subject or the\nobject may be elided, depending on which stays the same across clauses\nor utterances. \nAn example of subject elision is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:subel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:subel\">[exe:subel]</a>). The first clause contains\nboth subject and object. The object and predicate are repeated in the\nnext clause as an instance of tail-head linkage\n(§<a href=\"#sec:tailhead\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:tailhead\">[sec:tailhead]</a>). In the second and\nthird clause, the subject is elided. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMu he erat dimarua. Erat dimarua, kaiat disara.\nmu se et=at di=marua et=at di=marua kai=at di=sara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncanoe=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\ncanoe=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\nfirewood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘They moved the canoe towards the water. Moved the canoe towards the\nwater, put the firewood on.’ <span id=\"exe:subel\"\nlabel=\"exe:subel\"></span> \n</div> \nSubject elision is also possible when the subject has been mentioned by\nanother speaker. Consider the following dialogue, where speaker B\nresponds to speaker A eliding the transitive subject (the first response\nof speaker B) and the intransitive subject (the second response of\nspeaker B). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ntaman-un mat ajak=te kasi minuman\nfriend-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\ninvite=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> give drink\n‘His friends invite him, give him drinks.’ <span id=\"exe:A1\"\nlabel=\"exe:A1\"></span> mat nacoba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> try\n‘\\[They\\] try him’ <span id=\"exe:B1\" label=\"exe:B1\"></span> nacoba\nto ma toni ma se tobat\ntry <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nrepent\n‘Try, right, he says he repents.’ <span id=\"exe:A2\"\nlabel=\"exe:A2\"></span> tobat yor se koyet\nrepent true <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n‘\\[He\\] repents, true, finished.’ <span id=\"exe:B2\"\nlabel=\"exe:B2\"></span> \n</div> \n</div> \nIn procedural descriptions, the subject may be elided throughout the\nwhole text, being generic or non-referential . Consider the beginning of\nthe monologue of a woman explaining how to weave baskets\nin(<a href=\"#exe:zeropro\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:zeropro\">[exe:zeropro]</a>). There is no subject,\nand throughout the whole explanation she does not introduce one. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:zeropro\" label=\"exe:zeropro\"></span> kiem=at paruot=kin\n... gous=at potman\nbasket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span> ...\nbamboo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> cut\n‘Making a basket. \\[One\\] cuts the bamboo.’ \n</div> \nThe first-person inclusive pronoun also occurs in a generic sense. In\nsome stretches of discourse, it occurs once every now and then, being\nleft out for a few clauses in a row, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:genericwe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:genericwe\">[exe:genericwe]</a>), a description of\nhow traditional houses were built. Here, pi ‘we’ does not refer to a\nspecific group of people building a house on a specific occasion, but is\na generic pronoun referring to whoever used to build houses the\ntraditional way. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:genericwe\" label=\"exe:genericwe\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nKewe opa me pi he usar.\nkewe opa me pi se usar\nhouse <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> erect\n‘We erected that house.’ Usari koyet pi he mulai padenat usar,\nusar=i koyet pi se mulai paden=at usar\nerect=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> begin\npole=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> erect\n‘After erecting we started erecting the poles,’ terus larat napasan,\nterus lat=at napasan\nthen plank.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=obj</span> put.up\n‘then \\[we\\] put up the planks,’ \nkarena pak saerak karekia kanie.\nkarena pak saerak karek-ki=a kanie\nbecause nail <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\nstring-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins=foc</span> tie\n‘because there were no nails \\[we\\] tied with string.’ \n</div> \n</div> \nAn example of object elision is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:giergit\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:giergit\">[exe:giergit]</a>). The object, karek\n‘string’, is mentioned in the first clause and elided in the second. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMa kareat tolma to, ma giergi tolma.\nma karek=at tolma to ma gier=ki tolma\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nstring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> cut tight\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nteeth=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins</span> cut\n‘She cut string, right, she cut \\[it\\] with her teeth.’\n<span id=\"exe:giergit\" label=\"exe:giergit\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother example comes from a narrative of which the object is tobacco,\nbut only has tobacco in object position three times in the beginning,\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:tabai3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tabai3\">[exe:tabai3]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nSu tabaiat kasi kaluar, nene mu. Tabaiat kasi kaluarkan an me kan\ntabaiat kosomnin.\nsu tabai=at kasi kaluar nene mu tabai=at kasi kaluarkan an me\nkan tabai=at kosom=nin\nalready tobacco=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> make go_out\ngrandmother <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ntobacco=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> make go_out\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.mly</span>\ntobacco=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nsmoke=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Already got out the tobacco, grandmother and those. Got out the\ntobacco, you know, as for me, I don’t smoke, you know.’\n<span id=\"exe:tabai3\" label=\"exe:tabai3\"></span> \n</div> \nThroughout the rest of the story there is reference to tobacco, or\nspecific packages of tobacco that are introduced later, but the object\nis always elided. Object elision is not limited to narratives only; it\ncan occur anywhere in Kalamang discourse. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \njadi mu se kasi keluar=ta me\nso <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmake go_out=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘So they already got \\[the tobacco\\] out.’ kodaet koi sarat=et\nmayilma komet=et\none_more then ascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> flip\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Then one more came up, flipped \\[the tobacco\\] and looked \\[at\nit\\].’ an se kuru bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbring descend\n‘I brought \\[the tobacco\\] down.’ mu kasetma kasetman=i koyet mu se\nkies\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> open\nopen=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwrap\n‘They opened \\[the tobacco pouch\\], after opening \\[it\\], they\nrolled \\[a cigarette\\].’ mu se potman=i koyet mier yap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> divide\n‘After cutting \\[the tobacco pouch\\] they two divided \\[it\\].’ \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:macie\" label=\"sec:macie\"></span> Within the irregular verb\nclass, Kalamang has a limited group of around twenty verbs that have a\nregular correspondence between transitive and intransitive forms.\nTransitive forms end in -ma, whereas intransitive counterparts end in\n-cie. There is no productive derivation with these suffixes. All verbs\nare verbs with semantics relating to opening, turning, cutting or\nbreaking. They are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:macie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:macie\">[tab:macie]</a>. Some verbs in -ma do not\nhave a counterpart in -cie, but there are no verbs in -cie that do\nnot have a counterpart in -ma.[^70] Not all verbs with opening/turning\nor cutting/breaking semantics belong to this group: regular verbs are,\nfor example, kortaptap ‘to cut out’, suo ‘to cut a coconut’,\nnasiwik ‘to open a can or box’, maorek ‘to break down’ and parair\n‘to split’. \nMost of these words do not have meaningful roots: for example kahet,\nkawet, mayil and dur were not recognised. Others have roots that\noccur (in a very similar form) as nouns. Note the similarities between\nsanggoup ‘branch’, sanggotma ‘to break off a branch’ and sanggoyie\n‘to be broken (of a branch)’, and between selet ‘piece’ and seletma\n‘to cut off a piece’. There might also be a relation between tolas ‘to\nbreak one’s fast’ and tolma ‘to cut off; to take a shortcut’ and\ntolcie ‘to be cut’. This suggests that there was a productive verb\nformation device for creating opening, turning, cutting and breaking\nverbs. \nImperative forms of the transitive verbs end in -ei and prohibitive in\n-ein, e.g. potma ‘to cut’, potmei! ‘cut!’, potmein! ‘don’t\ncut!’. This is the same pattern as the directional verbs in -a, which\nare described in the next section.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Jikri is cutting a catapult.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Jikri kataperor potma reba.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Jikri kataperor potma reba.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "The clause", "Header 2": "Variation in clausal structure", "Header 3": "Elision of arguments", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:syntel\" label=\"sec:syntel\"></span> In natural spoken\nKalamang, when retrievable from the context, either the subject or the\nobject may be elided, depending on which stays the same across clauses\nor utterances. \nAn example of subject elision is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:subel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:subel\">[exe:subel]</a>). The first clause contains\nboth subject and object. The object and predicate are repeated in the\nnext clause as an instance of tail-head linkage\n(§<a href=\"#sec:tailhead\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:tailhead\">[sec:tailhead]</a>). In the second and\nthird clause, the subject is elided. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMu he erat dimarua. Erat dimarua, kaiat disara.\nmu se et=at di=marua et=at di=marua kai=at di=sara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncanoe=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\ncanoe=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_seawards\nfirewood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘They moved the canoe towards the water. Moved the canoe towards the\nwater, put the firewood on.’ <span id=\"exe:subel\"\nlabel=\"exe:subel\"></span> \n</div> \nSubject elision is also possible when the subject has been mentioned by\nanother speaker. Consider the following dialogue, where speaker B\nresponds to speaker A eliding the transitive subject (the first response\nof speaker B) and the intransitive subject (the second response of\nspeaker B). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ntaman-un mat ajak=te kasi minuman\nfriend-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\ninvite=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> give drink\n‘His friends invite him, give him drinks.’ <span id=\"exe:A1\"\nlabel=\"exe:A1\"></span> mat nacoba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> try\n‘\\[They\\] try him’ <span id=\"exe:B1\" label=\"exe:B1\"></span> nacoba\nto ma toni ma se tobat\ntry <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nrepent\n‘Try, right, he says he repents.’ <span id=\"exe:A2\"\nlabel=\"exe:A2\"></span> tobat yor se koyet\nrepent true <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n‘\\[He\\] repents, true, finished.’ <span id=\"exe:B2\"\nlabel=\"exe:B2\"></span> \n</div> \n</div> \nIn procedural descriptions, the subject may be elided throughout the\nwhole text, being generic or non-referential . Consider the beginning of\nthe monologue of a woman explaining how to weave baskets\nin(<a href=\"#exe:zeropro\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:zeropro\">[exe:zeropro]</a>). There is no subject,\nand throughout the whole explanation she does not introduce one. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:zeropro\" label=\"exe:zeropro\"></span> kiem=at paruot=kin\n... gous=at potman\nbasket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span> ...\nbamboo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> cut\n‘Making a basket. \\[One\\] cuts the bamboo.’ \n</div> \nThe first-person inclusive pronoun also occurs in a generic sense. In\nsome stretches of discourse, it occurs once every now and then, being\nleft out for a few clauses in a row, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:genericwe\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:genericwe\">[exe:genericwe]</a>), a description of\nhow traditional houses were built. Here, pi ‘we’ does not refer to a\nspecific group of people building a house on a specific occasion, but is\na generic pronoun referring to whoever used to build houses the\ntraditional way. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:genericwe\" label=\"exe:genericwe\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nKewe opa me pi he usar.\nkewe opa me pi se usar\nhouse <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> erect\n‘We erected that house.’ Usari koyet pi he mulai padenat usar,\nusar=i koyet pi se mulai paden=at usar\nerect=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> begin\npole=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> erect\n‘After erecting we started erecting the poles,’ terus larat napasan,\nterus lat=at napasan\nthen plank.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=obj</span> put.up\n‘then \\[we\\] put up the planks,’ \nkarena pak saerak karekia kanie.\nkarena pak saerak karek-ki=a kanie\nbecause nail <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\nstring-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins=foc</span> tie\n‘because there were no nails \\[we\\] tied with string.’ \n</div> \n</div> \nAn example of object elision is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:giergit\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:giergit\">[exe:giergit]</a>). The object, karek\n‘string’, is mentioned in the first clause and elided in the second. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMa kareat tolma to, ma giergi tolma.\nma karek=at tolma to ma gier=ki tolma\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nstring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> cut tight\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nteeth=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins</span> cut\n‘She cut string, right, she cut \\[it\\] with her teeth.’\n<span id=\"exe:giergit\" label=\"exe:giergit\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother example comes from a narrative of which the object is tobacco,\nbut only has tobacco in object position three times in the beginning,\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:tabai3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tabai3\">[exe:tabai3]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nSu tabaiat kasi kaluar, nene mu. Tabaiat kasi kaluarkan an me kan\ntabaiat kosomnin.\nsu tabai=at kasi kaluar nene mu tabai=at kasi kaluarkan an me\nkan tabai=at kosom=nin\nalready tobacco=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> make go_out\ngrandmother <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ntobacco=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> make go_out\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.mly</span>\ntobacco=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nsmoke=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Already got out the tobacco, grandmother and those. Got out the\ntobacco, you know, as for me, I don’t smoke, you know.’\n<span id=\"exe:tabai3\" label=\"exe:tabai3\"></span> \n</div> \nThroughout the rest of the story there is reference to tobacco, or\nspecific packages of tobacco that are introduced later, but the object\nis always elided. Object elision is not limited to narratives only; it\ncan occur anywhere in Kalamang discourse. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \njadi mu se kasi keluar=ta me\nso <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmake go_out=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘So they already got \\[the tobacco\\] out.’ kodaet koi sarat=et\nmayilma komet=et\none_more then ascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> flip\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Then one more came up, flipped \\[the tobacco\\] and looked \\[at\nit\\].’ an se kuru bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbring descend\n‘I brought \\[the tobacco\\] down.’ mu kasetma kasetman=i koyet mu se\nkies\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> open\nopen=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwrap\n‘They opened \\[the tobacco pouch\\], after opening \\[it\\], they\nrolled \\[a cigarette\\].’ mu se potman=i koyet mier yap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ncut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> divide\n‘After cutting \\[the tobacco pouch\\] they two divided \\[it\\].’ \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Verbs", "Header 2": "Verb classes", "Header 3": "Irregular verbs", "Header 4": "Transitive/intransitive verb pairs in -ma and -cie" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:macie\" label=\"sec:macie\"></span> Within the irregular verb\nclass, Kalamang has a limited group of around twenty verbs that have a\nregular correspondence between transitive and intransitive forms.\nTransitive forms end in -ma, whereas intransitive counterparts end in\n-cie. There is no productive derivation with these suffixes. All verbs\nare verbs with semantics relating to opening, turning, cutting or\nbreaking. They are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:macie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:macie\">[tab:macie]</a>. Some verbs in -ma do not\nhave a counterpart in -cie, but there are no verbs in -cie that do\nnot have a counterpart in -ma.[^70] Not all verbs with opening/turning\nor cutting/breaking semantics belong to this group: regular verbs are,\nfor example, kortaptap ‘to cut out’, suo ‘to cut a coconut’,\nnasiwik ‘to open a can or box’, maorek ‘to break down’ and parair\n‘to split’. \nMost of these words do not have meaningful roots: for example kahet,\nkawet, mayil and dur were not recognised. Others have roots that\noccur (in a very similar form) as nouns. Note the similarities between\nsanggoup ‘branch’, sanggotma ‘to break off a branch’ and sanggoyie\n‘to be broken (of a branch)’, and between selet ‘piece’ and seletma\n‘to cut off a piece’. There might also be a relation between tolas ‘to\nbreak one’s fast’ and tolma ‘to cut off; to take a shortcut’ and\ntolcie ‘to be cut’. This suggests that there was a productive verb\nformation device for creating opening, turning, cutting and breaking\nverbs. \nImperative forms of the transitive verbs end in -ei and prohibitive in\n-ein, e.g. potma ‘to cut’, potmei! ‘cut!’, potmein! ‘don’t\ncut!’. This is the same pattern as the directional verbs in -a, which\nare described in the next section." } ], "index": 70, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Jikri is cutting a catapult.", "split": "train" }
Kai taul me parairte lele.	The cannonball tree broke and flew away.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: The cannonball tree broke and flew away.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: The Netherlands\nKalamang translation: Beladar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cannonball\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cannot\nKalamang translation: eranun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cannonball\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cannonball tree\nKalamang translation: kai taul\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tree\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tree trunk\nKalamang translation: ewun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tree\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: male tree\nKalamang translation: kumkum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"broke\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: broken branch\nKalamang translation: sanggoyie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"broke\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: broken\nKalamang translation: kararcie; salaboung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"flew\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: flee\nKalamang translation: kiem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"flew\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: flea thing\nKalamang translation: mutam\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"away\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: throw away\nKalamang translation: paruak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"away\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: move away\nKalamang translation: dikolko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The ananas isn't ripe yet.\nKalamang translation: Kainasu me tok sawaunin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The fish's gall bladder exploded.\nKalamang translation: Sar iemuna kararcie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cannonball\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nostal is planing the inside of the canoe.\nKalamang translation: Nostal et kanggurunara desil.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cannonball\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We all sit talking.\nKalamang translation: Inaninggan melelu ewa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tree\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A parrot laid eggs in the tree hole.\nKalamang translation: Busbus kon ma ror poskoa amkeit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tree\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The marungga tree has become big.\nKalamang translation: Kai modar me arun se temun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"broke\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father's machete broke.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun me sadawaun se kawarcie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"broke\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Kalamang broke his fast, he isn't fasting.\nKalamang translation: Kalamang me nasek ma tolasnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"flew\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother was drying her sarong and it flew off.\nKalamang translation: Salima emun kadounat masara ma lele.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"flew\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Two cormorants flew over there.\nKalamang translation: Lamora kasamin erir pararuoni owangga bot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"away\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are organising Hawa and Darfin's third day, (they are) extending a mat.\nKalamang translation: Mu Hawabon Darfinbon yuol karuonat paruo elat parapara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"away\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Go seawards, seawards, seawards, there's tuna playing in the sea.\nKalamang translation: Ak, ak, ak, suagi wilao laur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe noun phrase (NP) is an important analytical concept in Kalamang\ngrammar, as it is the domain of attachment of postpositions and topic\nand focus markers. The object NP is marked with object postposition\n=at, forming a postpositional phrase (PP). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma ror cicaun=at pue\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> tree\nsmall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> hit\n‘He/she hits the small tree.’ \n</div> \nThere are eight other postpositions, which indicate the function of\nperipheral NPs. They are all enclitics that attach to the right edge of\nthe NP. They are the comitative, instrumental, benefactive, similative,\nlocative, ablative/allative (henceforth lative), animate locative and\nanimate lative postpositions. These postpositions head the PP, and are\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:ppfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ppfirst\">[exe:ppfirst]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:pplast\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pplast\">[exe:pplast]</a>) on NPs consisting of a\nsingle noun. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=bon kiun=bon se bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=com</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.poss=com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\n‘He and his wife have gone.’ <span id=\"exe:ppfirst\"\nlabel=\"exe:ppfirst\"></span> ka pasa=at sasul=ki na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nrice=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nspoon=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins</span> consume\n‘You eat rice with a spoon.’ canam kewe=at kiun=ki paruo\nman house=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.poss=ben</span> make\n‘The man makes a house for his wife.’ ma per=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nwater=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\n‘It’s like water.’ kasamin-an kewe=ko\nbird-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘My bird is in the house.’ tumun wilak=ka bot\nchild sea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go\n‘The child goes to the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:pplast\"\nlabel=\"exe:pplast\"></span> \n</div> \nKalamang has no articles, so the definite/indefinite translations in the\nelicited examples are based on whatever makes most sense in the context,\nif there is any. \nThe NP is left-headed, except for nominal possessors, which precede the\npossessed noun. Besides nominal possessors, nouns can be modified by\nquantifiers, possessive pronouns, demonstratives, attributively used\npredicates and relative clauses. The relative ordering of these is not\nquite clear, and combinations of modifiers is very rare in the Kalamang\ncorpus, so examples illustrating one modifier at a time are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:balfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:balfirst\">[exe:balfirst]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:ballast\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ballast\">[exe:ballast]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbal muap-un\ndog food-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘the dog’s food’ <span id=\"exe:balfirst\" label=\"exe:balfirst\"></span>\nbal eir kanggeit\ndog two play\n‘Two dogs play.’ bal anggon kanggeit\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.prox</span> play\n‘My dog plays.’ bal wa kanggeit\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> play\n‘This dog plays.’ bal kotur-ten kanggeit\ndog dirty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span> play\n‘A dirty dog plays.’ <span id=\"exe:ballast\" label=\"exe:ballast\"></span> \n</div> \nNouns, NPs and PPs are the topic of\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:noun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:noun\">7</a>. Noun modifiers are discussed in\nChapters<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>\nto<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: The cannonball tree broke and flew away.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Kai taul me parairte lele.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Kai taul me parairte lele.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Short grammatical overview of Kalamang", "Header 2": "Nouns, noun phrases and postpositional phrases", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "The noun phrase (NP) is an important analytical concept in Kalamang\ngrammar, as it is the domain of attachment of postpositions and topic\nand focus markers. The object NP is marked with object postposition\n=at, forming a postpositional phrase (PP). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma ror cicaun=at pue\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> tree\nsmall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> hit\n‘He/she hits the small tree.’ \n</div> \nThere are eight other postpositions, which indicate the function of\nperipheral NPs. They are all enclitics that attach to the right edge of\nthe NP. They are the comitative, instrumental, benefactive, similative,\nlocative, ablative/allative (henceforth lative), animate locative and\nanimate lative postpositions. These postpositions head the PP, and are\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:ppfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ppfirst\">[exe:ppfirst]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:pplast\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pplast\">[exe:pplast]</a>) on NPs consisting of a\nsingle noun. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=bon kiun=bon se bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg=com</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.poss=com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\n‘He and his wife have gone.’ <span id=\"exe:ppfirst\"\nlabel=\"exe:ppfirst\"></span> ka pasa=at sasul=ki na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nrice=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nspoon=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins</span> consume\n‘You eat rice with a spoon.’ canam kewe=at kiun=ki paruo\nman house=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.poss=ben</span> make\n‘The man makes a house for his wife.’ ma per=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nwater=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>\n‘It’s like water.’ kasamin-an kewe=ko\nbird-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘My bird is in the house.’ tumun wilak=ka bot\nchild sea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go\n‘The child goes to the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:pplast\"\nlabel=\"exe:pplast\"></span> \n</div> \nKalamang has no articles, so the definite/indefinite translations in the\nelicited examples are based on whatever makes most sense in the context,\nif there is any. \nThe NP is left-headed, except for nominal possessors, which precede the\npossessed noun. Besides nominal possessors, nouns can be modified by\nquantifiers, possessive pronouns, demonstratives, attributively used\npredicates and relative clauses. The relative ordering of these is not\nquite clear, and combinations of modifiers is very rare in the Kalamang\ncorpus, so examples illustrating one modifier at a time are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:balfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:balfirst\">[exe:balfirst]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:ballast\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ballast\">[exe:ballast]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbal muap-un\ndog food-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n‘the dog’s food’ <span id=\"exe:balfirst\" label=\"exe:balfirst\"></span>\nbal eir kanggeit\ndog two play\n‘Two dogs play.’ bal anggon kanggeit\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.prox</span> play\n‘My dog plays.’ bal wa kanggeit\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> play\n‘This dog plays.’ bal kotur-ten kanggeit\ndog dirty-<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span> play\n‘A dirty dog plays.’ <span id=\"exe:ballast\" label=\"exe:ballast\"></span> \n</div> \nNouns, NPs and PPs are the topic of\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:noun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:noun\">7</a>. Noun modifiers are discussed in\nChapters<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>\nto<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Wordlist", "Header 2": "Wordlist Kalamang-English", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut" } ], "index": 71, "level": "low_resource", "question": "The cannonball tree broke and flew away.", "split": "train" }
An ketelesat nara kanggusan nauware.	I'm eating maize, my jaw is tired.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: I'm eating maize, my jaw is tired.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: month name\nKalamang translation: hajiwak; robaherpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: early morning\nKalamang translation: go dung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"eating\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sting\nKalamang translation: sie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"eating\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"maize\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mainland\nKalamang translation: kolak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"maize\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: maize\nKalamang translation: keteles\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"my\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Saturday\nKalamang translation: sabtu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"my\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: slimy\nKalamang translation: kanggarom\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"jaw\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: jar\nKalamang translation: tepeles\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"jaw\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: jaw\nKalamang translation: kanggus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tired\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: red ant\nKalamang translation: karebar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tired\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: be tired\nKalamang translation: kanggir pop\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomorrow we go to Antalisa to marry Anafia and spouse.\nKalamang translation: Kasur in bo Tamisengga nahalarkin Anafia mu.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: How many glasses do you have?\nKalamang translation: Don pernananja losing puraman?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"eating\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's mother is heating banana leaves, she wants to make a \"lamet\".\nKalamang translation: Ruslan emuna imolat balare lamerat paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"eating\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm eating cake.\nKalamang translation: An kukisara na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"maize\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tol's mother and family went to the mainland first, we went last.\nKalamang translation: Tol emun mu borani distrika mara eba in epka mara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"maize\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Granny Ruslan's grandmother and family planted maize in their garden.\nKalamang translation: Nina Ruslan taraun mu keteles kowaya amdirunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"my\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I sleep with my face up (i.e. on my back).\nKalamang translation: An keitpisia min.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"my\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'll comb my hear first.\nKalamang translation: An tok nakalanat sisiret.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"jaw\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Who's that? Oh, just Kalamang and family.\nKalamang translation: Naman ba me? Geo, Kalamang mu ba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"jaw\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I saw Hidayat's father and family skin a deer.\nKalamang translation: An kona Hidayat esun mu rusat kawaruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tired\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Kiba's family have a lot of blossom with red flowers.\nKalamang translation: Kiba mu bunga arun bo reidak pusun kerkapten.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tired\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: It's evening, Dalima is tired.\nKalamang translation: Go he saun, Dalima he kanggir pop.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:opq\" label=\"sec:opq\"></span> <span id=\"sec:convquest\"\nlabel=\"sec:convquest\"></span> Content questions (also question-word\nquestions, wh-questions or information questions) are formed with the\nquestion words listed in §<a href=\"#sec:wcq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcq\">[sec:wcq]</a>. Question words occur in the\nsyntactic position of the argument they are replacing and are typically\nfocused with =a. Thus,\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nebaO\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nebaO\">[exe:nebaO]</a>), neba ‘what’ occurs in\nobject position, because that is the syntactic position that the\nquestion is after. In(<a href=\"#exe:whereLOC\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:whereLOC\">[exe:whereLOC]</a>), tamatko ‘where’\ncomes before the verb kos ‘to grow’, just as any locative would. And\nin(<a href=\"#exe:whoA\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:whoA\">[exe:whoA]</a>), naman ‘who’ occurs in\nsubject position. The question posed in the narrative\nin(<a href=\"#exe:whoA\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:whoA\">[exe:whoA]</a>) is not answered, whereas for\nthe other two examples the answer is also given. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nesun neba=at=a tanggo=ta yuwa\nfather.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\nhold=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘What is his father holding here?’ \nkarajang=at=a tanggo\nbasket.<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> hold\n‘\\[He’s\\] holding a basket.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nebaO\" label=\"exe:nebaO\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nror tamatko=a kos\ntree where=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> grow\n‘Where does the tree grow?’ ror kir-un=ko tanbes=ko\ntree side-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\nright_side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘The tree is on his side, on the right side.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:whereLOC\" label=\"exe:whereLOC\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnaman=a kat sirie\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span> follow\n‘Who follows you?’ <span id=\"exe:whoA\" label=\"exe:whoA\"></span> \n</div> \nA subtype of content questions are conventionalised questions Kalamang\nspeakers use to greet each other. Upon meeting each other outside or\npassing by someone’s house, one asks either ‘what are you doing’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:geo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:geo\">[exe:geo]</a>) or ‘where are you going/where\nare you coming from?’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:tamanggarabot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamanggarabot\">[exe:tamanggarabot]</a>). These\nquestions have the same syntax as normal content questions. To the\nquestion ‘what are you doing?’ one may either answer with a verb marked\nwith progressive =teba, or with the phrases ge o or ge mera,\nindicating that one does not want or feel the need to specify what one\nis doing. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:geo\" label=\"exe:geo\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnebara paruo\nwhat.<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj.foc</span> do\n’What are \\[you\\] doing?’ an muap=teba / ge o / ge_mera\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span> / nothing\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> / nothing\n‘I’m eating. / Nothing. / Nothing.’ \n</div> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:tamanggarabot\" label=\"exe:tamanggarabot\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tamangga=ta bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo\n‘Where are you going?’ \nka tamangga=ta mia/yecie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ncome/return\n‘Where are you coming/returning from?’ \n</div> \n</div> \nSee also §<a href=\"#sec:inittermconv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inittermconv\">[sec:inittermconv]</a> on the\ninitiation and termination of conversations.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:consconj\" label=\"sec:consconj\"></span> Consequence is\nexpressed with a construction involving non-final =ta and conjunction\neba ‘then’, whereas reason clauses are marked with clitic =tauna\n‘so’ or =tenden ‘so’. In addition, several reason and consequence\nconjunctions have been borrowed from AN. For the use of locative distal\ndemonstrative metko together with eba, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:medisc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:medisc\">[sec:medisc]</a>. \nSequential conjunction eba ‘then’ can be understood as ‘so that’ when\nit follows non-final marker =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>), indicating consequence. It is\nthen invariably used in its short form ba.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:kawettt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kawettt\">[exe:kawettt]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:mangmangg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mangmangg\">[exe:mangmangg]</a>). A reading where\n(e)ba means ‘then’ is possible, but a consequential reading is more\nsuitable, and is also reflected by informants’ translation of these\nclauses to AN with use of supaya ‘so that’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan se dodon-an met kuru marua metko=ta eba kawet∼kawet sambil\ngarung=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nclothing-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span> bring move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nso_that fold∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">iter</span> while\nchat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I brought those clothes of mine to the sea there, so that \\[I could\\]\nfold while chatting.’ <span id=\"exe:kawettt\" label=\"exe:kawettt\"></span>\nkalamang-mang ewa=ta eba ma tangkap=et\nKalamang-language speak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> so_that\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nrecord=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Speak Kalamang so that she can record.’ <span id=\"exe:mangmangg\"\nlabel=\"exe:mangmangg\"></span> \n</div> \nThe clitic =tauna links reason to result. It most commonly attaches to\ndemonstrative forms, and then usually the distal form. However, the\nclitic also has a few occurrences on transitive and intransitive verbs.\n(<a href=\"#exe:mebarauna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mebarauna\">[exe:mebarauna]</a>) illustrates =tauna\non the distal demonstrative me, which is also marked with focus marker\n=ba. The example is from a story about diving for lobsters. =tauna\nserves to link a reason (the subject recognises a good diving spot) to a\nresult (the subject quickly catches a lobster).\n(<a href=\"#exe:kararaktauna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kararaktauna\">[exe:kararaktauna]</a>) shows =tauna\non a stative intransitive verb, indicating the reason for suggesting\nanother sailing route.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:narauna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:narauna\">[exe:narauna]</a>), the clitic attaches to\na transitive verb, indicating that the fact that the subject (a crow)\nate rotten fish is taken not so much as the reason but as proof that it\nhas degraded itself to eating rotten food. That example also shows the\ncombination of a Kalamang and a borrowed conjunction with a slightly\ndifferent meaning (sehingga ‘until; so that; with the result that’). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMel se dalang=i bara mungkin yar-un naunin=ten me=ba=tauna ma se jie\nkuru sara\nMel <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\njump=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> descend maybe\nstone-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nrecognise-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>=so\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nget bring ascend\n‘Mel jumped down, maybe he recognised his stone, so he got \\[a lobster\\]\nand brought \\[it\\] up.’ <span id=\"exe:mebarauna\"\nlabel=\"exe:mebarauna\"></span> warkin kararak=tauna ge=et pi osa=ka\nterus=i marat=et\ntide dry=so no=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> we\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up=lat</span>\ngo_further=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nmove_landwards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘The tide is low, so why don’t we continue from up there towards land.’\n<span id=\"exe:kararaktauna\" label=\"exe:kararaktauna\"></span> ka don\nyuwa=at=a na=tauna sehingga don mun=ten wandi=et ka bisa na=ta\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> thing\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj=foc</span> eat=so so_that thing\nrotten=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\nlike_this=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> can\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘You ate this thing, \\[how has it come so far\\] that you can eat rotten\nthings like this?’ <span id=\"exe:narauna\" label=\"exe:narauna\"></span> \n</div> \nA clitic on the predicate, =tende(n) ‘so’, also links reason to\nresult, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wartenden\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wartenden\">[exe:wartenden]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:naubestenden\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naubestenden\">[exe:naubestenden]</a>). Although\n=tende(n) and =tauna attach to different constituents, no\nsignificant difference in meaning is apparent from the current\ncorpus.[^90] \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin bo war=tenden in=nan kaden-un koi kememe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> go fish=so\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>=too\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl.poss</span> again weak\n‘We went fishing so our bodies are tired.’ <span id=\"exe:wartenden\"\nlabel=\"exe:wartenden\"></span> mier se nau=bes=tenden ma kiun=at jaga\nto\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=good=so\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> watch right\n‘They have made up with each other, so he is taking care of his wife,\nright.’ <span id=\"exe:naubestenden\" label=\"exe:naubestenden\"></span> \n</div> \nOtherwise, conjunctions marking reason or consequence are mainly\nborrowed from AN: jadi ‘so’, karena ‘because’ and supaya ‘so\nthat’, exemplified in(<a href=\"#exe:jadi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:jadi\">[exe:jadi]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:supaya\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:supaya\">[exe:supaya]</a>), all occur frequently in\nthe natural spoken corpus. Sehingga ‘until; so that; with the result\nthat’ only has a few unclear occurrences\nbesides(<a href=\"#exe:narauna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:narauna\">[exe:narauna]</a>), where it is combined\nwith a Kalamang conjunction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkiun ketiga tum∼tum karuok weinun jadi pebis-un karuok-gan tum∼tum\ntebonggan kaninggonie\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> third\nchild∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span> three too so\nwoman-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> three-all\nchild∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span> all nine\n‘His third wife also had three children, so his three women had nine\nchildren in total.’ <span id=\"exe:jadi\" label=\"exe:jadi\"></span> mu se\nkoi wat pes=at di=kahalong siun=ko karena kahalong siun kang\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nthen coconut peel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=spear\nedge<span class=\"smallcaps\">.3poss=loc</span> because spear\nedge.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> sharp\n‘Then they put the coconut skin on the points of the two-pointed spear,\nbecause the two-pointed spear has sharp points.’ <span id=\"exe:karena\"\nlabel=\"exe:karena\"></span> ka muap=at kuet=nin ka-mun langsung=i bo=in\nsupaya pi tok muap-sanggara eba marei\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nbring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg=proh</span>\ndirectly=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ngo-<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span> so_that\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> first food-search then\nmove_landwards.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘You didn’t bring food, don’t you go directly, so that we go\nfood-searching first, then go towards land!’ <span id=\"exe:supaya\"\nlabel=\"exe:supaya\"></span> \n</div> \nCombinations of the Kalamang construction =ta\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> + (e)ba ‘so that’ and supaya ‘so\nthat’ are frequently found. The 13 occurrences from natural speech do\nnot indicate a difference between the use of one or two conjunctions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu wat tu=ta eba supaya naramas=te mu per-un=at nan=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.obj</span>\npound=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> so_that so_that\nsqueeze=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nliquid-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They pound this so that \\[they can\\] squeeze \\[it\\] and they drink its\nliquid.’ <span id=\"exe:basup\" label=\"exe:basup\"></span> \n</div> \nCombinations of =tauna and borrowed jadi ‘so’ are uncommon but\nattested. All three occurrences are around pauses and/or repairs, so\nthey seem to be used as fillers.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:merauna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:merauna\">[exe:merauna]</a>). \nMaː nebai koyet muː jadi merauna opa an sirie ma Binkur esun temun...\nma neba=i koyet mu jadi me=tauna opa an sirie ma Binkur esun\ntemun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> so\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>=so\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nsend <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> Binkur\nfather.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> big\n‘After he did whatsit they, eh, so that, I sent him, Binkur’s father...’\n<span id=\"exe:merauna\" label=\"exe:merauna\"></span>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: I'm eating maize, my jaw is tired.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "An ketelesat nara kanggusan nauware.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "An ketelesat nara kanggusan nauware.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "The clause", "Header 2": "Non-declarative clauses", "Header 3": "Interrogative clauses", "Header 4": "Content questions" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:opq\" label=\"sec:opq\"></span> <span id=\"sec:convquest\"\nlabel=\"sec:convquest\"></span> Content questions (also question-word\nquestions, wh-questions or information questions) are formed with the\nquestion words listed in §<a href=\"#sec:wcq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcq\">[sec:wcq]</a>. Question words occur in the\nsyntactic position of the argument they are replacing and are typically\nfocused with =a. Thus,\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nebaO\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nebaO\">[exe:nebaO]</a>), neba ‘what’ occurs in\nobject position, because that is the syntactic position that the\nquestion is after. In(<a href=\"#exe:whereLOC\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:whereLOC\">[exe:whereLOC]</a>), tamatko ‘where’\ncomes before the verb kos ‘to grow’, just as any locative would. And\nin(<a href=\"#exe:whoA\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:whoA\">[exe:whoA]</a>), naman ‘who’ occurs in\nsubject position. The question posed in the narrative\nin(<a href=\"#exe:whoA\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:whoA\">[exe:whoA]</a>) is not answered, whereas for\nthe other two examples the answer is also given. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nesun neba=at=a tanggo=ta yuwa\nfather.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\nhold=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n‘What is his father holding here?’ \nkarajang=at=a tanggo\nbasket.<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> hold\n‘\\[He’s\\] holding a basket.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nebaO\" label=\"exe:nebaO\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nror tamatko=a kos\ntree where=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> grow\n‘Where does the tree grow?’ ror kir-un=ko tanbes=ko\ntree side-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\nright_side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘The tree is on his side, on the right side.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:whereLOC\" label=\"exe:whereLOC\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnaman=a kat sirie\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span> follow\n‘Who follows you?’ <span id=\"exe:whoA\" label=\"exe:whoA\"></span> \n</div> \nA subtype of content questions are conventionalised questions Kalamang\nspeakers use to greet each other. Upon meeting each other outside or\npassing by someone’s house, one asks either ‘what are you doing’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:geo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:geo\">[exe:geo]</a>) or ‘where are you going/where\nare you coming from?’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:tamanggarabot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamanggarabot\">[exe:tamanggarabot]</a>). These\nquestions have the same syntax as normal content questions. To the\nquestion ‘what are you doing?’ one may either answer with a verb marked\nwith progressive =teba, or with the phrases ge o or ge mera,\nindicating that one does not want or feel the need to specify what one\nis doing. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:geo\" label=\"exe:geo\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnebara paruo\nwhat.<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj.foc</span> do\n’What are \\[you\\] doing?’ an muap=teba / ge o / ge_mera\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span> / nothing\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> / nothing\n‘I’m eating. / Nothing. / Nothing.’ \n</div> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:tamanggarabot\" label=\"exe:tamanggarabot\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tamangga=ta bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo\n‘Where are you going?’ \nka tamangga=ta mia/yecie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ncome/return\n‘Where are you coming/returning from?’ \n</div> \n</div> \nSee also §<a href=\"#sec:inittermconv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inittermconv\">[sec:inittermconv]</a> on the\ninitiation and termination of conversations." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Multiclausal constructions", "Header 2": "Coordination-like clause combining", "Header 3": "Clause combining with conjunctions", "Header 4": "Consequence and reason" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:consconj\" label=\"sec:consconj\"></span> Consequence is\nexpressed with a construction involving non-final =ta and conjunction\neba ‘then’, whereas reason clauses are marked with clitic =tauna\n‘so’ or =tenden ‘so’. In addition, several reason and consequence\nconjunctions have been borrowed from AN. For the use of locative distal\ndemonstrative metko together with eba, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:medisc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:medisc\">[sec:medisc]</a>. \nSequential conjunction eba ‘then’ can be understood as ‘so that’ when\nit follows non-final marker =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>), indicating consequence. It is\nthen invariably used in its short form ba.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:kawettt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kawettt\">[exe:kawettt]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:mangmangg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mangmangg\">[exe:mangmangg]</a>). A reading where\n(e)ba means ‘then’ is possible, but a consequential reading is more\nsuitable, and is also reflected by informants’ translation of these\nclauses to AN with use of supaya ‘so that’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan se dodon-an met kuru marua metko=ta eba kawet∼kawet sambil\ngarung=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nclothing-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span> bring move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nso_that fold∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">iter</span> while\nchat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I brought those clothes of mine to the sea there, so that \\[I could\\]\nfold while chatting.’ <span id=\"exe:kawettt\" label=\"exe:kawettt\"></span>\nkalamang-mang ewa=ta eba ma tangkap=et\nKalamang-language speak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> so_that\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nrecord=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Speak Kalamang so that she can record.’ <span id=\"exe:mangmangg\"\nlabel=\"exe:mangmangg\"></span> \n</div> \nThe clitic =tauna links reason to result. It most commonly attaches to\ndemonstrative forms, and then usually the distal form. However, the\nclitic also has a few occurrences on transitive and intransitive verbs.\n(<a href=\"#exe:mebarauna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mebarauna\">[exe:mebarauna]</a>) illustrates =tauna\non the distal demonstrative me, which is also marked with focus marker\n=ba. The example is from a story about diving for lobsters. =tauna\nserves to link a reason (the subject recognises a good diving spot) to a\nresult (the subject quickly catches a lobster).\n(<a href=\"#exe:kararaktauna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kararaktauna\">[exe:kararaktauna]</a>) shows =tauna\non a stative intransitive verb, indicating the reason for suggesting\nanother sailing route.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:narauna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:narauna\">[exe:narauna]</a>), the clitic attaches to\na transitive verb, indicating that the fact that the subject (a crow)\nate rotten fish is taken not so much as the reason but as proof that it\nhas degraded itself to eating rotten food. That example also shows the\ncombination of a Kalamang and a borrowed conjunction with a slightly\ndifferent meaning (sehingga ‘until; so that; with the result that’). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMel se dalang=i bara mungkin yar-un naunin=ten me=ba=tauna ma se jie\nkuru sara\nMel <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\njump=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> descend maybe\nstone-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nrecognise-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>=so\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nget bring ascend\n‘Mel jumped down, maybe he recognised his stone, so he got \\[a lobster\\]\nand brought \\[it\\] up.’ <span id=\"exe:mebarauna\"\nlabel=\"exe:mebarauna\"></span> warkin kararak=tauna ge=et pi osa=ka\nterus=i marat=et\ntide dry=so no=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> we\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up=lat</span>\ngo_further=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nmove_landwards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘The tide is low, so why don’t we continue from up there towards land.’\n<span id=\"exe:kararaktauna\" label=\"exe:kararaktauna\"></span> ka don\nyuwa=at=a na=tauna sehingga don mun=ten wandi=et ka bisa na=ta\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> thing\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj=foc</span> eat=so so_that thing\nrotten=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\nlike_this=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> can\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘You ate this thing, \\[how has it come so far\\] that you can eat rotten\nthings like this?’ <span id=\"exe:narauna\" label=\"exe:narauna\"></span> \n</div> \nA clitic on the predicate, =tende(n) ‘so’, also links reason to\nresult, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wartenden\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wartenden\">[exe:wartenden]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:naubestenden\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:naubestenden\">[exe:naubestenden]</a>). Although\n=tende(n) and =tauna attach to different constituents, no\nsignificant difference in meaning is apparent from the current\ncorpus.[^90] \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nin bo war=tenden in=nan kaden-un koi kememe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> go fish=so\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>=too\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl.poss</span> again weak\n‘We went fishing so our bodies are tired.’ <span id=\"exe:wartenden\"\nlabel=\"exe:wartenden\"></span> mier se nau=bes=tenden ma kiun=at jaga\nto\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">recp</span>=good=so\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> watch right\n‘They have made up with each other, so he is taking care of his wife,\nright.’ <span id=\"exe:naubestenden\" label=\"exe:naubestenden\"></span> \n</div> \nOtherwise, conjunctions marking reason or consequence are mainly\nborrowed from AN: jadi ‘so’, karena ‘because’ and supaya ‘so\nthat’, exemplified in(<a href=\"#exe:jadi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:jadi\">[exe:jadi]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:supaya\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:supaya\">[exe:supaya]</a>), all occur frequently in\nthe natural spoken corpus. Sehingga ‘until; so that; with the result\nthat’ only has a few unclear occurrences\nbesides(<a href=\"#exe:narauna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:narauna\">[exe:narauna]</a>), where it is combined\nwith a Kalamang conjunction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkiun ketiga tum∼tum karuok weinun jadi pebis-un karuok-gan tum∼tum\ntebonggan kaninggonie\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> third\nchild∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span> three too so\nwoman-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> three-all\nchild∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span> all nine\n‘His third wife also had three children, so his three women had nine\nchildren in total.’ <span id=\"exe:jadi\" label=\"exe:jadi\"></span> mu se\nkoi wat pes=at di=kahalong siun=ko karena kahalong siun kang\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nthen coconut peel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=spear\nedge<span class=\"smallcaps\">.3poss=loc</span> because spear\nedge.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> sharp\n‘Then they put the coconut skin on the points of the two-pointed spear,\nbecause the two-pointed spear has sharp points.’ <span id=\"exe:karena\"\nlabel=\"exe:karena\"></span> ka muap=at kuet=nin ka-mun langsung=i bo=in\nsupaya pi tok muap-sanggara eba marei\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nbring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg=proh</span>\ndirectly=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ngo-<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span> so_that\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> first food-search then\nmove_landwards.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘You didn’t bring food, don’t you go directly, so that we go\nfood-searching first, then go towards land!’ <span id=\"exe:supaya\"\nlabel=\"exe:supaya\"></span> \n</div> \nCombinations of the Kalamang construction =ta\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> + (e)ba ‘so that’ and supaya ‘so\nthat’ are frequently found. The 13 occurrences from natural speech do\nnot indicate a difference between the use of one or two conjunctions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu wat tu=ta eba supaya naramas=te mu per-un=at nan=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.obj</span>\npound=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> so_that so_that\nsqueeze=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nliquid-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They pound this so that \\[they can\\] squeeze \\[it\\] and they drink its\nliquid.’ <span id=\"exe:basup\" label=\"exe:basup\"></span> \n</div> \nCombinations of =tauna and borrowed jadi ‘so’ are uncommon but\nattested. All three occurrences are around pauses and/or repairs, so\nthey seem to be used as fillers.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:merauna\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:merauna\">[exe:merauna]</a>). \nMaː nebai koyet muː jadi merauna opa an sirie ma Binkur esun temun...\nma neba=i koyet mu jadi me=tauna opa an sirie ma Binkur esun\ntemun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> so\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>=so\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nsend <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> Binkur\nfather.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> big\n‘After he did whatsit they, eh, so that, I sent him, Binkur’s father...’\n<span id=\"exe:merauna\" label=\"exe:merauna\"></span>" } ], "index": 72, "level": "low_resource", "question": "I'm eating maize, my jaw is tired.", "split": "train" }
"Ka nebara paruotkin?" "Ge mera an muap teba."	"What are you doing?" "Nothing, I'm eating."	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: \"What are you doing?\" \"Nothing, I'm eating.\"\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"What\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: hat\nKalamang translation: saraun; sepe\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"What\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like that\nKalamang translation: mendak; mindi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"you\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: you know\nKalamang translation: kan; to\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"you\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"doing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: seedling\nKalamang translation: iun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"doing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Nothing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sit and do nothing\nKalamang translation: doka\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Nothing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: nothing\nKalamang translation: ge mera\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: month name\nKalamang translation: hajiwak; robaherpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: early morning\nKalamang translation: go dung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"eating\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sting\nKalamang translation: sie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"eating\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"What\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: What are you doing?\nKalamang translation: Ka nebara bonasausau reba?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"What\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: What kind of fish is pecking?\nKalamang translation: Nebasora natuka?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"you\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'll eat you whole.\nKalamang translation: An kat nani maoyet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"you\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I don't want to go in the front, you go first.\nKalamang translation: An sukaun boraratnin, ka borarei.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"doing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: What are you doing?\nKalamang translation: Ka nebara bonasausau reba?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"doing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm doing the dishes noisily.\nKalamang translation: An pinganat waruo ar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Nothing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dela's father goes fishing and catches a matan sena fish.\nKalamang translation: Dela esun bo warta matan senara ramie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Nothing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We sat chatting, Bobi's mother said something wrong, we laughed at her.\nKalamang translation: In melalu garungda, Bobi emun salai garungda, in mat komayeki.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomorrow we go to Antalisa to marry Anafia and spouse.\nKalamang translation: Kasur in bo Tamisengga nahalarkin Anafia mu.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: How many glasses do you have?\nKalamang translation: Don pernananja losing puraman?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"eating\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's mother is heating banana leaves, she wants to make a \"lamet\".\nKalamang translation: Ruslan emuna imolat balare lamerat paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"eating\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm eating maize, my jaw is tired.\nKalamang translation: An ketelesat nara kanggusan nauware.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:teba\" label=\"sec:teba\"></span> The clitic =teba, which\nattaches to the predicate, expresses progressive or continuous aspect,\nindicating that an action is incomplete or in progress. Two examples are\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:garungdeba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:garungdeba\">[exe:garungdeba]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:repteba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:repteba\">[exe:repteba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nki neba=at=a paruo in garung=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> do\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nchat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘“What are you doing?’’ “We’re chatting.”’ <span id=\"exe:garungdeba\"\nlabel=\"exe:garungdeba\"></span> in bo Esa Tanggiun kai-rep=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> go Esa Tanggiun\nfirewood-collect=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘We went collecting firewood at Esa Tanggiun.’ <span id=\"exe:repteba\"\nlabel=\"exe:repteba\"></span> \n</div> \nThe progressive clitic can also be used with future reference, such as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kanas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kanas\">[exe:kanas]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npi koi bo Kanastangan=ko=teba=et reon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> then go\nKanastangan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nmaybe\n‘Then we’ll go to Kanastangan maybe?’ <span id=\"exe:kanas\"\nlabel=\"exe:kanas\"></span> \n</div> \nThe clitic can be in two different positions in the clause: it can\nattach directly to the predicate, and then it may be followed by, for\nexample, irrealis =et (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:kanas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kanas\">[exe:kanas]</a> above) or imperative =te\n(example<a href=\"#exe:tebare2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tebare2\">[exe:tebare2]</a>); it can also come in\nposition 8 (Table<a href=\"#tab:modifiersall\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:modifiersall\">[tab:modifiersall]</a>), where it\nfollows volitional =kin or negator =nin\n(examples<a href=\"#exe:kindeba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kindeba\">[exe:kindeba]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:nindebaa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nindebaa\">[exe:nindebaa]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka marmar=teba=te ka-mun sara=in\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwalk=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\nsara=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n‘You just walk, don’t you get up \\[your bike\\]!’ <span id=\"exe:tebare2\"\nlabel=\"exe:tebare2\"></span> \nbal se koraru se kuet=te nat=kin=teba\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> bite\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘The dog has bitten \\[the fish\\], has brought \\[it\\] and wants to eat\n\\[it\\].’ <span id=\"exe:kindeba\" label=\"exe:kindeba\"></span> an tok bo\nmat ketemu=nin=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> yet go\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\nmeet.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=neg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘I have never met him.’ <span id=\"exe:nindebaa\"\nlabel=\"exe:nindebaa\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:inittermconv\" label=\"sec:inittermconv\"></span> Here, I\npresent a handful of formulaic expressions or standardised phrases,\nparticularly those relating to initiating and terminating a\nconversation. \nThere are no indigenous daytime-related greetings, such as ‘good\nmorning’, although calques from Malay can be heard (e.g. selamat go\ndung ‘good morning’, cf. Malay selamat pagi ‘good morning’).[^98]\nInstead, it is common to ask nebara paruo ‘what are you doing?’ or\ntamanggara bot/yecie ‘where are you going/returning from?’ upon\nmeeting someone. In the following example, the speaker acts out an\nimagined conversation between herself, sitting in front of her house\nhulling rice, and a passer-by. She asks the imaginary passer-by where\nthey are going. The appropriate response can be an actual destination,\nbut it is equally acceptable to say ge mera ‘nothing’, in this context\n‘nowhere’, which indicates one doesn’t deem their destination worth\nmentioning. The imaginary passer-by then asks her what she’s doing. She\nresponds with ge mera ‘nothing’, followed by a specification of what\nshe is actually doing: picking the husks out of rice. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:convquest\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:convquest\">[sec:convquest]</a> for more examples. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tamangga=ta bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo\n‘Where are you going?’ ge_mera ka neba=at=a paruo\nnothing <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> do\n‘Nowhere. What are you doing?’ ge_mera in pasa-kajie=teba\nnothing <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nrice-pick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘Nothing, we’re rice-picking.’ \n</div> \n</div> \nPermission to leave the conversation proceeds as follows: \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ansebott\" label=\"exe:ansebott\"></span> \n<span id=\"exe:botee\" label=\"exe:botee\"></span> \n</div> \nThanking may be done with terima kasi(h). This Malay loan, like\ndaytime greetings, is not very common.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: \"What are you doing?\" \"Nothing, I'm eating.\"\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "\"Ka nebara paruotkin?\" \"Ge mera an muap teba.\"", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "\"Ka nebara paruotkin?\" \"Ge mera an muap teba.\"", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Mood, aspect and modality marking", "Header 3": "Aspect", "Header 4": "Progressive =teba ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>’" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:teba\" label=\"sec:teba\"></span> The clitic =teba, which\nattaches to the predicate, expresses progressive or continuous aspect,\nindicating that an action is incomplete or in progress. Two examples are\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:garungdeba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:garungdeba\">[exe:garungdeba]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:repteba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:repteba\">[exe:repteba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nki neba=at=a paruo in garung=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> do\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nchat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘“What are you doing?’’ “We’re chatting.”’ <span id=\"exe:garungdeba\"\nlabel=\"exe:garungdeba\"></span> in bo Esa Tanggiun kai-rep=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> go Esa Tanggiun\nfirewood-collect=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘We went collecting firewood at Esa Tanggiun.’ <span id=\"exe:repteba\"\nlabel=\"exe:repteba\"></span> \n</div> \nThe progressive clitic can also be used with future reference, such as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kanas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kanas\">[exe:kanas]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npi koi bo Kanastangan=ko=teba=et reon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> then go\nKanastangan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nmaybe\n‘Then we’ll go to Kanastangan maybe?’ <span id=\"exe:kanas\"\nlabel=\"exe:kanas\"></span> \n</div> \nThe clitic can be in two different positions in the clause: it can\nattach directly to the predicate, and then it may be followed by, for\nexample, irrealis =et (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:kanas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kanas\">[exe:kanas]</a> above) or imperative =te\n(example<a href=\"#exe:tebare2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tebare2\">[exe:tebare2]</a>); it can also come in\nposition 8 (Table<a href=\"#tab:modifiersall\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:modifiersall\">[tab:modifiersall]</a>), where it\nfollows volitional =kin or negator =nin\n(examples<a href=\"#exe:kindeba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kindeba\">[exe:kindeba]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:nindebaa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nindebaa\">[exe:nindebaa]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka marmar=teba=te ka-mun sara=in\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwalk=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\nsara=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n‘You just walk, don’t you get up \\[your bike\\]!’ <span id=\"exe:tebare2\"\nlabel=\"exe:tebare2\"></span> \nbal se koraru se kuet=te nat=kin=teba\ndog <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> bite\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘The dog has bitten \\[the fish\\], has brought \\[it\\] and wants to eat\n\\[it\\].’ <span id=\"exe:kindeba\" label=\"exe:kindeba\"></span> an tok bo\nmat ketemu=nin=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> yet go\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\nmeet.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=neg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘I have never met him.’ <span id=\"exe:nindebaa\"\nlabel=\"exe:nindebaa\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "Formulaic expressions", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:inittermconv\" label=\"sec:inittermconv\"></span> Here, I\npresent a handful of formulaic expressions or standardised phrases,\nparticularly those relating to initiating and terminating a\nconversation. \nThere are no indigenous daytime-related greetings, such as ‘good\nmorning’, although calques from Malay can be heard (e.g. selamat go\ndung ‘good morning’, cf. Malay selamat pagi ‘good morning’).[^98]\nInstead, it is common to ask nebara paruo ‘what are you doing?’ or\ntamanggara bot/yecie ‘where are you going/returning from?’ upon\nmeeting someone. In the following example, the speaker acts out an\nimagined conversation between herself, sitting in front of her house\nhulling rice, and a passer-by. She asks the imaginary passer-by where\nthey are going. The appropriate response can be an actual destination,\nbut it is equally acceptable to say ge mera ‘nothing’, in this context\n‘nowhere’, which indicates one doesn’t deem their destination worth\nmentioning. The imaginary passer-by then asks her what she’s doing. She\nresponds with ge mera ‘nothing’, followed by a specification of what\nshe is actually doing: picking the husks out of rice. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:convquest\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:convquest\">[sec:convquest]</a> for more examples. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tamangga=ta bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhere.<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo\n‘Where are you going?’ ge_mera ka neba=at=a paruo\nnothing <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span> do\n‘Nowhere. What are you doing?’ ge_mera in pasa-kajie=teba\nnothing <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nrice-pick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘Nothing, we’re rice-picking.’ \n</div> \n</div> \nPermission to leave the conversation proceeds as follows: \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ansebott\" label=\"exe:ansebott\"></span> \n<span id=\"exe:botee\" label=\"exe:botee\"></span> \n</div> \nThanking may be done with terima kasi(h). This Malay loan, like\ndaytime greetings, is not very common." } ], "index": 73, "level": "low_resource", "question": "\"What are you doing?\" \"Nothing, I'm eating.\"", "split": "train" }
Rajiba esun mu bo Lenglengga war.	Rajiba's father and family go fish at Lengleng.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Rajiba's father and family go fish at Lengleng.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Rajiba\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Ramadan month\nKalamang translation: tolaspak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Rajiba\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Kiaba\nKalamang translation: Kiaba\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: grandfather\nKalamang translation: tara esnem; tata; tete; esnem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: father\nKalamang translation: esa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"family\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: have a family\nKalamang translation: ruma tangga\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"family\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: family\nKalamang translation: wol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go out\nKalamang translation: keluar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"go\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go quickly\nKalamang translation: sasat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fish\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fish place\nKalamang translation: sair\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"fish\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: k.o. fish\nKalamang translation: alar; birbir; bugardadir; golip; gorip; goyas; gual; kamandi; kanaisasen; kanas; kanas kolkol; kas; kelikeli; kir; kolpanggat; kous; koutpol; kul; labis; labor; manggi; manman; momar; mormor; nebir; oioi; ora; ospulpul; paksanual; pous; pungpunggat; rum; rum timbang; sek; seik; sialar; sorbir; suban; tebolsuban; telenggues; torak; tup; u; war; wariam; winyal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: laugh at\nKalamang translation: komayeki\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: at its place\nKalamang translation: terunggo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Lengleng\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tangled\nKalamang translation: sok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Lengleng\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: dangle\nKalamang translation: dek\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Rajiba\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Kiba's family have a lot of blossom with red flowers.\nKalamang translation: Kiba mu bunga arun bo reidak pusun kerkapten.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Rajiba\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rajiba's father and family go to Karas Darat to harvest nutmeg.\nKalamang translation: Rajiba esun mu bo Lenggongga sayangsara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's father hit and wounded his toenail.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun kor tanggalip dukta patin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Onin's father and family break down their house's roof.\nKalamang translation: Onin esun mu keweun sengunara maorek.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"family\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mustafa's father and family want to go to the garden, they are still waiting for Sakina.\nKalamang translation: Mustafa esun mu amdirga botkin mu tok Sakinat nawanggar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"family\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tuti and family go to the mountain to harvest nutmeg.\nKalamang translation: Tuti mu bo keleka ra sayangsara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bakri's mother and family go searching for worms.\nKalamang translation: Bakri emun mu bo ibanruo reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"go\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I go landwards at that edge.\nKalamang translation: An asun menggara mara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fish\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I fried fish but I still hide it.\nKalamang translation: An sorat pasor ba an tok mormor.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"fish\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When the tide is very low Tamandi's mother and friends go fishing for small fish with poisonous root.\nKalamang translation: Warkin emun kararak Tamandi emun mu birbir tup.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many pandanus at the cape.\nKalamang translation: Diwadiwal karimunggo reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to go fishing at the dock.\nKalamang translation: An bo jambatanggoa warkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Lengleng\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm getting strings for a basket.\nKalamang translation: An kiemalunara rep.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Lengleng\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother went fishing, her fishing line was entangled.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun bo warta nikaun kolkol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:tailhead\" label=\"sec:tailhead\"></span> Tail-head linkage\nis the repetition of the last (part of a) clause in a clause chain at\nthe beginning of the next clause chain . This is a common\nclause-combining device in Kalamang. The amount of material repeated\nvaries from the entire clause to just the predicate, but the latter is\nthe most common. When tail-head linkage is not achieved by conjoining,\nit may be combined with the construction =i koyet (which expresses\ncompletive aspect but is only used to link clauses, and translates as\n‘after’; see §<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>). Another clause-linking\ndevice, non-final marker =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>), is also seen on the recapitulated\npredicate, confirming de Vries’ (2005: 372) observation that\nclause-linking strategies used elsewhere in the language are also\nemployed in tail-head linkage. All tail-head linkage in Kalamang is used\nfor sequential events or actions. \nAll examples given in this section contain the last part of a clause\nchain ending in a low boundary tone (indicated by a full stop), and the\nentire next clause chain from the repeated part to the next low boundary\ntone. Rising intonation is indicated by a comma. \n(<a href=\"#exe:svthl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:svthl\">[exe:svthl]</a>) shows the repetition of the\nentire clause (in b), consisting of subject and predicate. \nKoi go yuolet ma koi maruaret.\nkoi go yuol=et ma koi maruat=et\nthen condition day=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again\nmove_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘When it was day, he went towards sea again.’\n<span id=\"exe:yuoletmaruaret\" label=\"exe:yuoletmaruaret\"></span> Ma\nkoi maruaret, mindi weinun ma era ma pewun karuarten met nani\nkoyet,\nma koi maruat=et mindi weinun ma era ma pep-un karuar=ten met nan=i\nkoyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again\nmove_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> like_that too\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> ascend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\npig-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nsmoke_dry=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n‘He went towards sea again, like that too he came up and after he ate\ntheir smoked pig,’ a emun gounat koyet kieri koyet ma he ecien.\na emun go-un=at koyet kiet=i koyet ma se ecien\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">hes</span>\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nplace-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> finish\ndefecate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn\n‘after defecating in their mother’s place, he went back.’\n<span id=\"exe:svthl\" label=\"exe:svthl\"></span> \n(<a href=\"#exe:ovthl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ovthl\">[exe:ovthl]</a>) shows the repetition of\nobject and predicate (in b). Note that the object and predicate at the\nend of the first chain are followed by an afterthought balgi to ‘with\ndogs, right’. This afterthought is not repeated at the beginning of the\nnext clause chain. Repetition of the object is not obligatory,\nas(<a href=\"#exe:paningi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paningi\">[exe:paningi]</a>) shows. \nMier bore pewat sanggara, balgi to.\nmier bo=te pep=at sanggara bal=ki to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\npig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> search\ndog=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins</span> right\n‘They two went hunting \\[lit. searching\\] pigs, with a dog, right. \nPewat sanggara, ma era, emnem muawunat nani koyet,\npep=at sanggara ma era emnem muap-un=at nan=i koyet\npig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> search\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> ascend mother\nfood-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n‘Searching for pigs, he went up, after eating the mother’s food, \nma he koi kietkieri koyet, ma he yecie.\nma se koi kiet∼kiet=i koyet ma se yecie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nagain\ndefecate∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> return\n‘after defecating again, he returned.’ \n<span id=\"exe:ovthl\" label=\"exe:ovthl\"></span> \n(<a href=\"#exe:predthl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:predthl\">[exe:predthl]</a>) shows the repetition of\njust the predicate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMindia bo nani koyet bal se taouk.\nmindia bo nan=i koyet bal se taouk\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> go\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish dog\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> lie_down\n‘After going eating like that, the dog lies down.’ \nTaouk, goras opa me naminyasa: “Aduh!”\ntauk goras opa me naminyasa aduh\nlie_down crow <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> regret\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.mly</span>\n‘Lies down, that crow regrets: “Ah!”’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:predthl\" label=\"exe:predthl\"></span> \n</div> \nOtherwise, repetition of the predicate is either done by marking the\nrepeated part with completive aspect =i koyet\n(examples<a href=\"#exe:samsii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:samsii\">[exe:samsii]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:paningi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paningi\">[exe:paningi]</a>), or by marking it with\nnon-final =ta (§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:subanda\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:subanda\">[exe:subanda]</a>), creating a link not\nonly between the tail and the head, but also between the head and the\nfollowing clause. \nManyori koyet ma yorsik an koi desili paruo samsik.\nmanyor=i koyet ma yorsik an koi desil=i paruo samsik\nadjust=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> straight\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> then\nplane=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> make thin\n‘After adjusting it’s straight and then I plane it to make it thin.’ \nSamsi koyet an koliepliunat dikolko.\nsamsik=i koyet an koliep∼liep-un=at di=kolko\nthin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ncheeck∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl-3poss=obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_out\n‘After it’s thin, I get rid of its sides \\[lit. cheeks\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:samsii\" label=\"exe:samsii\"></span> \nAn bo mu erunat paning.\nan bo mu et-un=at paning\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ncanoe-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> ask\n‘I went to ask them for their canoe.’ \nPaningi koyet, mu he lo,\npaning=i koyet mu se lo\nask=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nconsent\n‘After asking, they consented,’ \nan se kuru mian bo seranat sanggaran,\nan se kuru mian bo set-an=at sanggaran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbring come go bait-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n‘I brought \\[the canoe to my place\\] and went searching my bait,’ \nseranat sanggarani koyet, nikan, yalan,\nset-an=at sanggaran=i koyet nika-an yal-an\nbait-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=obj</span>\nsearch=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nline-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\npaddle-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n‘after searching my bait, my line, my paddle,’ \nmet kuru baran an se bot.\nmet kuru baran an se bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span> bring descend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo\n‘brought that down, I went.’ <span id=\"exe:paningi\"\nlabel=\"exe:paningi\"></span> \nAn se koi ma tebolsuban.\nan se koi ma tebolsuban\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nthen move_landwards fish_at_reef_edge\n‘Then I moved towards land to fish at the reef edge.’ \nMa tepnerga marua, tebolsuban.\nma tepner=ka marua tebolsuban\nmove_landwards deep_seawater-<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\nmove_seawards fish_at_reef_edge\n‘Moved towards land from the deep seawater, moved towards sea, fished at\nthe reef edge.’ \nTebolsubanda, kabaruawan erir karuok.\ntebolsuban=ta kabaruap-an et-eir karuok\nfish_at_reef_edge=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngrouper-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-two three\n‘Fishing at the reef edge, I had two or three groupers.’ \n<span id=\"exe:subanda\" label=\"exe:subanda\"></span> \n(<a href=\"#exe:oskitko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:oskitko\">[exe:oskitko]</a>) shows the repetition of\njust the location in the predicate. This may have a scene-setting\nfunction, but there are not enough examples in the corpus to make a\nconclusive analysis. \nIn langganat pararani koyet bo turusi bo oskitko.\nin langgan=at pararan=i koyet bo turus=i bo os-keit=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nwood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nextend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish go\nfurther=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> go\nbeach-top=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘After extending the wood we went further to the beach.’ \nOskitko, in muat paning.\nos-keit=ko in mu=at paning\nbeach-top=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=obj</span> ask\n‘On the beach we asked them.’ \n<span id=\"exe:oskitko\" label=\"exe:oskitko\"></span>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:corpusapp\" label=\"sec:corpusapp\"></span> This section\nprovides an overview of the transcribed recordings and elicited data in\nthe corpus, with their corpus tags, titles, length and number of words. \n<div class=\"longtable\"> \np1cmp7cmEE \n& &mm:ss&words \nstim 1 & Jackal and crow narrated by Binkur mama & 1:15&84\nstim 2 & Jackal and crow narrated by Mohtar pu bapak & 4:35&247\nstim 3 & Jackal and crow retold by Mohtar pu bapak & 2:58&341\nstim4 & Family problems part 1: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n5:41&382\nstim6 & Family problems part 2: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n19:32&788\nstim7 & Family problems part 2: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos &\n10:40&1468\nstim12 & Family problems part 3: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos & 7:29&706\nstim13 & Farm animals: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak & 3:48&283\nstim14 & Farm animals: Binkur pu mama and Mohtar pu bapak & 2:55&113\nstim15 & Discussing fishing gear 1 & 5:45&272\nstim16 & Discussing fishing gear 2 & 6:24&193\nstim20 & Frog, where are you narrated by Mohtar’s father& 6:46&394\nstim21 & Frog, where are you narrated by Om Nos for Yeni & 4:30&502\nstim24 & Japanese mute video narration by Mohtar’s father & 3:37&294\nstim25 & Man and tree picture matching 1& 9:41&293\nstim26 & Man and tree picture matching 2& 9:08&522\nstim27 & Man and tree picture matching 3& 17:28&454\nstim29 & Pear movie narrated by Om Nos and Bilal’s father & 2:30&296\nstim30 & Pear movie narrated by Djusman & 2:25&241\nstim31 & Pear movie narrated by Binkur’s mother & 3:24&338\nstim33 & Pear movie narrated by Mohtar’s father & 2:00&160\nstim34 & Pear movie narrated by Ruslan’s grandmother & 1:24&105\nstim35 & Route description from Arepner to the harbour & 2:25&118\nstim36 & Route description from the school to Arepner & 1:49&106\nstim37 & Route description from Tat to the school & 1:28&108\nstim38 & Space games & 12:22&547\nstim39 & Tinker toy picture matching 1 & 2:05&170\nstim40 & Tinker toy picture matching 2 & 2:55 &84\nstim42 & Village pictures picture matching 2 & 17:15&1248\nstim43 & Village pictures picture matching 3 & 23:32&862\nstim44 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:40&190\nstim45 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:02&89\nsubtotal && 3:22:28&11998 \nnarr1 & Remembering the dead & 8:24&489\nnarr2 & Marriage negotiations & 14:09&1296\nnarr3 & The rituals for putting the roof on a house & 13:55&1338\nnarr4 & A wedding & 8:05&712\nnarr5 & Wedding rituals & 5:04&449\nnarr6 & How to build a bamboo house & 6:38&319\nnarr7 & How to build a house & 14:48&1357\nnarr8 & When me and my husband went fishing & 7:20&600\nnarr9 & Making fried cookies part 1 & 7:01&98\nnarr10 & Making fried cookies part 2 & 5:02&30\nnarr11 & How to weave mats and baskets & 3:20&238\nnarr12 & Nutmegs& 9:20&716\nnarr13 & Offerings in the nutmeg plantations&5:42&541\nnarr14 & How to make a wooden canoe&6:22&725\nnarr16 & Malik’s funny story about cigarettes&5:53&467\nnarr17 & Malik’s funny story about the naked tourist&2:40&273\nnarr18 & Makuteli: birds on a boat&21:04&1180\nnarr19 & Linglong: Monkey and Cuscus sell firewood&16:59&1502\nnarr20 & Cassowary and Dog&4:24&363\nnarr21 & Crab& 5:34&527\nnarr22 & Kuawi&8:53&943\nnarr23 & The woman who turned into a lime&6:53&755\nnarr24 & Kelengkeleng woman&6:23&535\nnarr25 & The money-defecating cow&10:23&1181\nnarr26 & Married to a mermaid& 22:10&1787\nnarr27 & The providing tree&4:38&542\nnarr28 & Suagibaba&13:14&1378\nnarr29 & Finding water at Sui&8:00&820\nnarr30 & The talking coconut&2:08&228\nnarr31 & Traditional medicines that grow on Tat&6:39&505\nnarr32 & When I went to cure someone&2:28&158\nnarr33 & Leaf medicines part 1&6:16&253\nnarr34 & Leaf medicines part 2&5:30&367\nnarr35 & Leaf medicines part 3&6:23&426\nnarr36 & Leaf medicines part 4&2:22&102\nnarr37 & Route description from Mas to Antalisa&5:15&462\nnarr38 & Route description within Mas&2:08&144\nnarr39 & Why the crow is black&4:35&330\nnarr40 & Japanese bombings in WWII&22:45&1529\nnarr41 & What I did yesterday&2:42&230\nnarr42 & The last two canoes Om Nos built&16:00&1704\nnarr43 & When I was young&4:50&288\nnarr44 & Fishing and lobster diving with Keica&28:10&3909\nnarr45 & When Mayor went to Fakfak to get loans&4:37&417\nnarr46 & How to make the frame of a house &5:20&509\nsubtotal && 6:16:02&32422 \nconv1 & Netfishing 1 & 7:30&439\nconv2 & Netfishing 2 & 7:30&346\nconv3 & Netfishing 3 & 7:30&425\nconv4 & Netfishing 4 & 7:30&629\nconv5 & Netfishing 5 & 7:30&477\nconv7 & The Funeral of Tete Loklomin & 15:08&2109\nconv8 & Tenggelele ritual& 5:36&511\nconv9 & Binkur mama and Bakri mama talk current affairs & 32:45&3537\nconv10 & A conversation about fish & 23:02&3345\nconv11 & A conversation about chestnuts&6:41&1074\nconv12 & A kitchen conversation between two grandmothers&22:20&1901\nconv13 & A conversation about rice&13:08&1898\nconv14 & Two grandfathers talk current affairs&9:16&648\nconv15 & A conversation about cooking aubergine and papaya&6:27&588\nconv16 & A conversation about cooking vegetables&15:50&1445\nconv17 & How to weave a wallet part 1&45:00&1014\nconv18 & How to weave a wallet part 2&12:30&69\nconv19 & How to weave a wallet part 3&24:00&292\nconv20 & Mohtar’s father and Lamani’s father discuss root\nmedicines&49:07&4084\nconv21 & Boat trip around Karas Island 1& 07:30&190\nconv22 & Boat trip around Karas Island 10&1:29&41\nconv23 & Boat trip around Karas Island 12&0:39&14\nconv24 & Boat trip around Karas Island 13&0:44&14\nconv25 & Boat trip around Karas Island 14&4:51&47\nconv26 & Boat trip around Karas Island 6&0:41&16\nconv27 & Boat trip around Karas Island 7&7:30 &33\nconv28 & Boat trip around Karas Island 8&7:30&100\nsubtotal && 5:49:14&25286\ntotal && 15:27:44&69706 \n</div> \n<div class=\"tabularx\"> \nllQ\nBinominals & &\n[bin](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C4D-3)\nDemonstratives & &\n[thi](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C52-A)\nIamitives and nondums & &\n[iam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C55-7)\nIdematives & &\n[idem](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNaming & Handschuh p.c. &\n[nam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNegation & Veselinova and Miestamo& [neg,\nneg19](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nRelative clauses & &\n[rel](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nTMA & & [tam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C62-D)\nValency & &\n[val](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C65-5) \nMan and tree & Space games & &\n[stim13](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAC-8),\n[stim14](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAB-6)\n[stim25-27](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim38-40](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim42](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BE7-5) \nFamily problems & &\n[stim4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA8-B),\n[stim6](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA9-9),\n[stim7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAA-C),\n[stim12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BB0-D)\nFocus & via Arthur Holmer &\n[foc](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nFrog story& &\n[stim20](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAF-5),\n[stim21](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B94-F)\nJackal and crow& &\n[stim1-3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nTopological relations & &\n[top](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C63-9) \nCut and break &&\n[cut](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C50-E)\nDitransitives && [notebook 3, page\n345](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B66-5)\nJapanese story& via Arthur Holmer&\n[stim24](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C9C-7)\nMotion verbs & &\n[mot](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C56-3)\nPear movie& &\n[stim29-34](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nPut && [put1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5E-6),\n[put2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5F-7)\nReciprocal constructions &&\n[rec](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C61-7)\nStaged events &&\n[stag](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C64-3) \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Rajiba's father and family go fish at Lengleng.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Rajiba esun mu bo Lenglengga war.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Rajiba esun mu bo Lenglengga war.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Multiclausal constructions", "Header 2": "Coordination-like clause combining", "Header 3": "Tail-head linkage", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:tailhead\" label=\"sec:tailhead\"></span> Tail-head linkage\nis the repetition of the last (part of a) clause in a clause chain at\nthe beginning of the next clause chain . This is a common\nclause-combining device in Kalamang. The amount of material repeated\nvaries from the entire clause to just the predicate, but the latter is\nthe most common. When tail-head linkage is not achieved by conjoining,\nit may be combined with the construction =i koyet (which expresses\ncompletive aspect but is only used to link clauses, and translates as\n‘after’; see §<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>). Another clause-linking\ndevice, non-final marker =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>), is also seen on the recapitulated\npredicate, confirming de Vries’ (2005: 372) observation that\nclause-linking strategies used elsewhere in the language are also\nemployed in tail-head linkage. All tail-head linkage in Kalamang is used\nfor sequential events or actions. \nAll examples given in this section contain the last part of a clause\nchain ending in a low boundary tone (indicated by a full stop), and the\nentire next clause chain from the repeated part to the next low boundary\ntone. Rising intonation is indicated by a comma. \n(<a href=\"#exe:svthl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:svthl\">[exe:svthl]</a>) shows the repetition of the\nentire clause (in b), consisting of subject and predicate. \nKoi go yuolet ma koi maruaret.\nkoi go yuol=et ma koi maruat=et\nthen condition day=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again\nmove_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘When it was day, he went towards sea again.’\n<span id=\"exe:yuoletmaruaret\" label=\"exe:yuoletmaruaret\"></span> Ma\nkoi maruaret, mindi weinun ma era ma pewun karuarten met nani\nkoyet,\nma koi maruat=et mindi weinun ma era ma pep-un karuar=ten met nan=i\nkoyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again\nmove_seawards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> like_that too\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> ascend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\npig-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nsmoke_dry=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n‘He went towards sea again, like that too he came up and after he ate\ntheir smoked pig,’ a emun gounat koyet kieri koyet ma he ecien.\na emun go-un=at koyet kiet=i koyet ma se ecien\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">hes</span>\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nplace-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> finish\ndefecate=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn\n‘after defecating in their mother’s place, he went back.’\n<span id=\"exe:svthl\" label=\"exe:svthl\"></span> \n(<a href=\"#exe:ovthl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ovthl\">[exe:ovthl]</a>) shows the repetition of\nobject and predicate (in b). Note that the object and predicate at the\nend of the first chain are followed by an afterthought balgi to ‘with\ndogs, right’. This afterthought is not repeated at the beginning of the\nnext clause chain. Repetition of the object is not obligatory,\nas(<a href=\"#exe:paningi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paningi\">[exe:paningi]</a>) shows. \nMier bore pewat sanggara, balgi to.\nmier bo=te pep=at sanggara bal=ki to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\npig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> search\ndog=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins</span> right\n‘They two went hunting \\[lit. searching\\] pigs, with a dog, right. \nPewat sanggara, ma era, emnem muawunat nani koyet,\npep=at sanggara ma era emnem muap-un=at nan=i koyet\npig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> search\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> ascend mother\nfood-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n‘Searching for pigs, he went up, after eating the mother’s food, \nma he koi kietkieri koyet, ma he yecie.\nma se koi kiet∼kiet=i koyet ma se yecie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nagain\ndefecate∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> return\n‘after defecating again, he returned.’ \n<span id=\"exe:ovthl\" label=\"exe:ovthl\"></span> \n(<a href=\"#exe:predthl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:predthl\">[exe:predthl]</a>) shows the repetition of\njust the predicate. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nMindia bo nani koyet bal se taouk.\nmindia bo nan=i koyet bal se taouk\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> go\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish dog\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> lie_down\n‘After going eating like that, the dog lies down.’ \nTaouk, goras opa me naminyasa: “Aduh!”\ntauk goras opa me naminyasa aduh\nlie_down crow <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> regret\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.mly</span>\n‘Lies down, that crow regrets: “Ah!”’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:predthl\" label=\"exe:predthl\"></span> \n</div> \nOtherwise, repetition of the predicate is either done by marking the\nrepeated part with completive aspect =i koyet\n(examples<a href=\"#exe:samsii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:samsii\">[exe:samsii]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:paningi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:paningi\">[exe:paningi]</a>), or by marking it with\nnon-final =ta (§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:subanda\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:subanda\">[exe:subanda]</a>), creating a link not\nonly between the tail and the head, but also between the head and the\nfollowing clause. \nManyori koyet ma yorsik an koi desili paruo samsik.\nmanyor=i koyet ma yorsik an koi desil=i paruo samsik\nadjust=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> straight\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> then\nplane=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> make thin\n‘After adjusting it’s straight and then I plane it to make it thin.’ \nSamsi koyet an koliepliunat dikolko.\nsamsik=i koyet an koliep∼liep-un=at di=kolko\nthin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ncheeck∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl-3poss=obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move_out\n‘After it’s thin, I get rid of its sides \\[lit. cheeks\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:samsii\" label=\"exe:samsii\"></span> \nAn bo mu erunat paning.\nan bo mu et-un=at paning\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ncanoe-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> ask\n‘I went to ask them for their canoe.’ \nPaningi koyet, mu he lo,\npaning=i koyet mu se lo\nask=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nconsent\n‘After asking, they consented,’ \nan se kuru mian bo seranat sanggaran,\nan se kuru mian bo set-an=at sanggaran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbring come go bait-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n‘I brought \\[the canoe to my place\\] and went searching my bait,’ \nseranat sanggarani koyet, nikan, yalan,\nset-an=at sanggaran=i koyet nika-an yal-an\nbait-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss=obj</span>\nsearch=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nline-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\npaddle-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n‘after searching my bait, my line, my paddle,’ \nmet kuru baran an se bot.\nmet kuru baran an se bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span> bring descend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo\n‘brought that down, I went.’ <span id=\"exe:paningi\"\nlabel=\"exe:paningi\"></span> \nAn se koi ma tebolsuban.\nan se koi ma tebolsuban\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nthen move_landwards fish_at_reef_edge\n‘Then I moved towards land to fish at the reef edge.’ \nMa tepnerga marua, tebolsuban.\nma tepner=ka marua tebolsuban\nmove_landwards deep_seawater-<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\nmove_seawards fish_at_reef_edge\n‘Moved towards land from the deep seawater, moved towards sea, fished at\nthe reef edge.’ \nTebolsubanda, kabaruawan erir karuok.\ntebolsuban=ta kabaruap-an et-eir karuok\nfish_at_reef_edge=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngrouper-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-two three\n‘Fishing at the reef edge, I had two or three groupers.’ \n<span id=\"exe:subanda\" label=\"exe:subanda\"></span> \n(<a href=\"#exe:oskitko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:oskitko\">[exe:oskitko]</a>) shows the repetition of\njust the location in the predicate. This may have a scene-setting\nfunction, but there are not enough examples in the corpus to make a\nconclusive analysis. \nIn langganat pararani koyet bo turusi bo oskitko.\nin langgan=at pararan=i koyet bo turus=i bo os-keit=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nwood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nextend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish go\nfurther=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> go\nbeach-top=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘After extending the wood we went further to the beach.’ \nOskitko, in muat paning.\nos-keit=ko in mu=at paning\nbeach-top=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=obj</span> ask\n‘On the beach we asked them.’ \n<span id=\"exe:oskitko\" label=\"exe:oskitko\"></span>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Corpus", "Header 2": null, "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:corpusapp\" label=\"sec:corpusapp\"></span> This section\nprovides an overview of the transcribed recordings and elicited data in\nthe corpus, with their corpus tags, titles, length and number of words. \n<div class=\"longtable\"> \np1cmp7cmEE \n& &mm:ss&words \nstim 1 & Jackal and crow narrated by Binkur mama & 1:15&84\nstim 2 & Jackal and crow narrated by Mohtar pu bapak & 4:35&247\nstim 3 & Jackal and crow retold by Mohtar pu bapak & 2:58&341\nstim4 & Family problems part 1: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n5:41&382\nstim6 & Family problems part 2: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n19:32&788\nstim7 & Family problems part 2: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos &\n10:40&1468\nstim12 & Family problems part 3: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos & 7:29&706\nstim13 & Farm animals: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak & 3:48&283\nstim14 & Farm animals: Binkur pu mama and Mohtar pu bapak & 2:55&113\nstim15 & Discussing fishing gear 1 & 5:45&272\nstim16 & Discussing fishing gear 2 & 6:24&193\nstim20 & Frog, where are you narrated by Mohtar’s father& 6:46&394\nstim21 & Frog, where are you narrated by Om Nos for Yeni & 4:30&502\nstim24 & Japanese mute video narration by Mohtar’s father & 3:37&294\nstim25 & Man and tree picture matching 1& 9:41&293\nstim26 & Man and tree picture matching 2& 9:08&522\nstim27 & Man and tree picture matching 3& 17:28&454\nstim29 & Pear movie narrated by Om Nos and Bilal’s father & 2:30&296\nstim30 & Pear movie narrated by Djusman & 2:25&241\nstim31 & Pear movie narrated by Binkur’s mother & 3:24&338\nstim33 & Pear movie narrated by Mohtar’s father & 2:00&160\nstim34 & Pear movie narrated by Ruslan’s grandmother & 1:24&105\nstim35 & Route description from Arepner to the harbour & 2:25&118\nstim36 & Route description from the school to Arepner & 1:49&106\nstim37 & Route description from Tat to the school & 1:28&108\nstim38 & Space games & 12:22&547\nstim39 & Tinker toy picture matching 1 & 2:05&170\nstim40 & Tinker toy picture matching 2 & 2:55 &84\nstim42 & Village pictures picture matching 2 & 17:15&1248\nstim43 & Village pictures picture matching 3 & 23:32&862\nstim44 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:40&190\nstim45 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:02&89\nsubtotal && 3:22:28&11998 \nnarr1 & Remembering the dead & 8:24&489\nnarr2 & Marriage negotiations & 14:09&1296\nnarr3 & The rituals for putting the roof on a house & 13:55&1338\nnarr4 & A wedding & 8:05&712\nnarr5 & Wedding rituals & 5:04&449\nnarr6 & How to build a bamboo house & 6:38&319\nnarr7 & How to build a house & 14:48&1357\nnarr8 & When me and my husband went fishing & 7:20&600\nnarr9 & Making fried cookies part 1 & 7:01&98\nnarr10 & Making fried cookies part 2 & 5:02&30\nnarr11 & How to weave mats and baskets & 3:20&238\nnarr12 & Nutmegs& 9:20&716\nnarr13 & Offerings in the nutmeg plantations&5:42&541\nnarr14 & How to make a wooden canoe&6:22&725\nnarr16 & Malik’s funny story about cigarettes&5:53&467\nnarr17 & Malik’s funny story about the naked tourist&2:40&273\nnarr18 & Makuteli: birds on a boat&21:04&1180\nnarr19 & Linglong: Monkey and Cuscus sell firewood&16:59&1502\nnarr20 & Cassowary and Dog&4:24&363\nnarr21 & Crab& 5:34&527\nnarr22 & Kuawi&8:53&943\nnarr23 & The woman who turned into a lime&6:53&755\nnarr24 & Kelengkeleng woman&6:23&535\nnarr25 & The money-defecating cow&10:23&1181\nnarr26 & Married to a mermaid& 22:10&1787\nnarr27 & The providing tree&4:38&542\nnarr28 & Suagibaba&13:14&1378\nnarr29 & Finding water at Sui&8:00&820\nnarr30 & The talking coconut&2:08&228\nnarr31 & Traditional medicines that grow on Tat&6:39&505\nnarr32 & When I went to cure someone&2:28&158\nnarr33 & Leaf medicines part 1&6:16&253\nnarr34 & Leaf medicines part 2&5:30&367\nnarr35 & Leaf medicines part 3&6:23&426\nnarr36 & Leaf medicines part 4&2:22&102\nnarr37 & Route description from Mas to Antalisa&5:15&462\nnarr38 & Route description within Mas&2:08&144\nnarr39 & Why the crow is black&4:35&330\nnarr40 & Japanese bombings in WWII&22:45&1529\nnarr41 & What I did yesterday&2:42&230\nnarr42 & The last two canoes Om Nos built&16:00&1704\nnarr43 & When I was young&4:50&288\nnarr44 & Fishing and lobster diving with Keica&28:10&3909\nnarr45 & When Mayor went to Fakfak to get loans&4:37&417\nnarr46 & How to make the frame of a house &5:20&509\nsubtotal && 6:16:02&32422 \nconv1 & Netfishing 1 & 7:30&439\nconv2 & Netfishing 2 & 7:30&346\nconv3 & Netfishing 3 & 7:30&425\nconv4 & Netfishing 4 & 7:30&629\nconv5 & Netfishing 5 & 7:30&477\nconv7 & The Funeral of Tete Loklomin & 15:08&2109\nconv8 & Tenggelele ritual& 5:36&511\nconv9 & Binkur mama and Bakri mama talk current affairs & 32:45&3537\nconv10 & A conversation about fish & 23:02&3345\nconv11 & A conversation about chestnuts&6:41&1074\nconv12 & A kitchen conversation between two grandmothers&22:20&1901\nconv13 & A conversation about rice&13:08&1898\nconv14 & Two grandfathers talk current affairs&9:16&648\nconv15 & A conversation about cooking aubergine and papaya&6:27&588\nconv16 & A conversation about cooking vegetables&15:50&1445\nconv17 & How to weave a wallet part 1&45:00&1014\nconv18 & How to weave a wallet part 2&12:30&69\nconv19 & How to weave a wallet part 3&24:00&292\nconv20 & Mohtar’s father and Lamani’s father discuss root\nmedicines&49:07&4084\nconv21 & Boat trip around Karas Island 1& 07:30&190\nconv22 & Boat trip around Karas Island 10&1:29&41\nconv23 & Boat trip around Karas Island 12&0:39&14\nconv24 & Boat trip around Karas Island 13&0:44&14\nconv25 & Boat trip around Karas Island 14&4:51&47\nconv26 & Boat trip around Karas Island 6&0:41&16\nconv27 & Boat trip around Karas Island 7&7:30 &33\nconv28 & Boat trip around Karas Island 8&7:30&100\nsubtotal && 5:49:14&25286\ntotal && 15:27:44&69706 \n</div> \n<div class=\"tabularx\"> \nllQ\nBinominals & &\n[bin](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C4D-3)\nDemonstratives & &\n[thi](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C52-A)\nIamitives and nondums & &\n[iam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C55-7)\nIdematives & &\n[idem](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNaming & Handschuh p.c. &\n[nam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNegation & Veselinova and Miestamo& [neg,\nneg19](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nRelative clauses & &\n[rel](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nTMA & & [tam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C62-D)\nValency & &\n[val](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C65-5) \nMan and tree & Space games & &\n[stim13](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAC-8),\n[stim14](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAB-6)\n[stim25-27](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim38-40](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim42](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BE7-5) \nFamily problems & &\n[stim4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA8-B),\n[stim6](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA9-9),\n[stim7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAA-C),\n[stim12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BB0-D)\nFocus & via Arthur Holmer &\n[foc](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nFrog story& &\n[stim20](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAF-5),\n[stim21](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B94-F)\nJackal and crow& &\n[stim1-3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nTopological relations & &\n[top](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C63-9) \nCut and break &&\n[cut](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C50-E)\nDitransitives && [notebook 3, page\n345](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B66-5)\nJapanese story& via Arthur Holmer&\n[stim24](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C9C-7)\nMotion verbs & &\n[mot](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C56-3)\nPear movie& &\n[stim29-34](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nPut && [put1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5E-6),\n[put2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5F-7)\nReciprocal constructions &&\n[rec](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C61-7)\nStaged events &&\n[stag](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C64-3) \n</div>" } ], "index": 74, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Rajiba's father and family go fish at Lengleng.", "split": "train" }
Maniktapuri Werneti osaet me mambon.	Up at Werneti there are crowned pigeons.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Up at Werneti there are crowned pigeons.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Up\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: deep sea\nKalamang translation: tep\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Up\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: banana sap\nKalamang translation: im polun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: laugh at\nKalamang translation: komayeki\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: at its place\nKalamang translation: terunggo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Werneti\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tree fern\nKalamang translation: iwala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Werneti\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cornetfish\nKalamang translation: tokatokan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"there\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"there\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: over there\nKalamang translation: owa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"crowned\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: crow\nKalamang translation: goras\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"crowned\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: crowned pigeon\nKalamang translation: maniktapuri\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"pigeons\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: imperial pigeon\nKalamang translation: muradik; mursambuk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"pigeons\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: imperial pigeon type\nKalamang translation: murkumkum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Up\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I hit a sharp thing, then I screamed: ouch!\nKalamang translation: An don kang komain, eba an arekmang: adihǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Up\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Go burn that lamp in a can!\nKalamang translation: Lampur belek met komelekte!\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many pandanus at the cape.\nKalamang translation: Diwadiwal karimunggo reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to go fishing at the dock.\nKalamang translation: An bo jambatanggoa warkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Werneti\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I have a shirt with a white pattern.\nKalamang translation: Ladanan me bungaun iriskap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Werneti\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Wer there are many Colocassia's.\nKalamang translation: Wer me kies koladok me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"there\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Is there fish or not?\nKalamang translation: Sor mambon ye saerak?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"there\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"crowned\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: It rained a lot so the lamps don't burn.\nKalamang translation: Kalis temunden me don yuolyuol yua me yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"crowned\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That crow is making a nest in the coconut.\nKalamang translation: Goras yume eunara wat kerunggo paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"pigeons\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are picking gogit leaves to cook.\nKalamang translation: Mu gogit olunat parua kuar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"pigeons\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a school of surgeonfish in the coral.\nKalamang translation: Karariem epkona ram neko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:alonepron\" label=\"sec:alonepron\"></span> There are two\nseries of ‘alone’ pronouns. The -tain series has a restrictive or\ncontrastive focus meaning, whereas the -(a)hutak series refers to\nliterally no more (or fewer) referents than stated in the pronoun, and\nis a quantifying pronoun series. The differences are slight, and not\nevery corpus example fits this analysis entirely, but the following\nexamples are representative of the use of these pronouns. Both suffixes\ncan be freely translated as ‘alone’ or ‘self’. \n(<a href=\"#exe:marain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:marain\">[exe:marain]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:andain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:andain\">[exe:andain]</a>) illustrate the -tain\nseries with restrictive or contrastive focus.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:marain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:marain\">[exe:marain]</a>), where people describe a\npicture from the Family problems picture task , there are clearly more\nreferents to choose from, but the speaker wishes to focus on ‘him\nalone’. In(<a href=\"#exe:andain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:andain\">[exe:andain]</a>), from the same recording,\nthe speaker explains that the man in the task, who has come out of jail\nand has become a better person, improved himself on his own. There were\nperhaps more candidates for the source of his improvement, but the\nspeaker wishes to convey that the man did it all alone. Strikingly,\n-tain pronouns often co-occur with the focus enclitic =a. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma-tain taikonggo kiun taikonggo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone\nside.<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nside.<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘He (alone/himself) on one side, his wife on the other side.’\n<span id=\"exe:marain\" label=\"exe:marain\"></span> an-tain=a paruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndo\n‘It was I who did it.’ <span id=\"exe:andain\" label=\"exe:andain\"></span> \n</div> \nThe -tain series may also be used in reflexive constructions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:undeirii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:undeirii\">[exe:undeirii]</a>). See\n§<a href=\"#sec:rflx\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:rflx\">[sec:rflx]</a> for a further description. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma-tain se un-deir=i luk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">refl</span>-bring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ncome\n‘She came herself.’ (Lit. ‘She brought herself coming.’)\n<span id=\"exe:undeirii\" label=\"exe:undeirii\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:kahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kahutak\">[exe:kahutak]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:mahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mahutak\">[exe:mahutak]</a>) illustrate the\nquantifying -(a)hutak series.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kahutak\">[exe:kahutak]</a>), one speaker leaves the\nother during a recording session and orders her to speak further on her\nown. There are no others around, so the speaker is really only talking\nabout the addressee.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:mahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mahutak\">[exe:mahutak]</a>), people are discussing a\npicture with a girl named Ramina on it, and no-one else. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka-hutak watko ewa=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>-alone\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘You talk on your own here!’ <span id=\"exe:kahutak\"\nlabel=\"exe:kahutak\"></span> Ramina ma-hutak bara\nRamina <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone descend\n‘Ramina alone is coming back.’ <span id=\"exe:mahutak\"\nlabel=\"exe:mahutak\"></span> \n</div> \nThe difference of these last two examples with the -tain examples\nabove is that there are no more referents to choose from. A negated\n-(a)hutak example further strengthens this hypothesis.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:inahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inahutak\">[exe:inahutak]</a>), the speaker explains\nthat he and his travel company were not alone (drinking tea at a\nfuneral), but that the other invited people did so as well. By negating\na quantifying pronoun, the speaker indicates that there were more people\npresent than just those referred to with ‘we’. The -(a)hutak pronouns\ncontrast with the -(V)ninggan series described in the next section,\nalso illustrated in the example below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbukan in-ahutak ge ... in-ininggan mindi\nnot <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-alone no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-all like_that\n‘Not just us, we all did like that.’ <span id=\"exe:inahutak\"\nlabel=\"exe:inahutak\"></span> \n</div> \nThe following elicited example shows how the two pronouns are not\ninterchangeable in some contexts.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:anahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anahutak\">[exe:anahutak]</a>), the form anahutak\nis the only correct one, because there was only one person swimming.\nAndain would have been correct if the speaker intended to communicate\nthat she swam without help, but that would have required a different\ncontext. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum reidak osep=ko *an-ahutak/\\-tain** jie\nperson many beach=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone/-alone swim\n‘There were many people at the beach \\[but\\] only I was swimming.’\n<span id=\"exe:anahutak\" label=\"exe:anahutak\"></span> \n</div> \nNote also that the -(a)hutak forms seem to include the clitic =tak\n‘just, only’. Dual forms cannot be suffixed with -(a)hutak, only with\n-tak, e.g. iniertak means ‘only us two’. Perhaps these forms are\ncomparable to the -(a)hutak forms. The dual forms with -tak give the\nspeaker the possibility to specify that there were only two people, no\nmore, no less. Forms like \\*inggaruoktak ‘only us three’ and\n\\*inggansuortak ‘only us four’ are not found in the corpus. \nDual forms with -tain were elicited, but their semantics remain\nunclear. For the third-person dual, miertain, a speaker remarked that\nit means ‘they two have’. Dual pronouns with -tain can perhaps be\nanalysed as pronoun+tak+kin, where -kin is the associated plural\nor a possessive form indicating part-whole relations (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>).\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Up at Werneti there are crowned pigeons.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Maniktapuri Werneti osaet me mambon.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Maniktapuri Werneti osaet me mambon.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "‘Alone’ pronouns", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:alonepron\" label=\"sec:alonepron\"></span> There are two\nseries of ‘alone’ pronouns. The -tain series has a restrictive or\ncontrastive focus meaning, whereas the -(a)hutak series refers to\nliterally no more (or fewer) referents than stated in the pronoun, and\nis a quantifying pronoun series. The differences are slight, and not\nevery corpus example fits this analysis entirely, but the following\nexamples are representative of the use of these pronouns. Both suffixes\ncan be freely translated as ‘alone’ or ‘self’. \n(<a href=\"#exe:marain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:marain\">[exe:marain]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:andain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:andain\">[exe:andain]</a>) illustrate the -tain\nseries with restrictive or contrastive focus.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:marain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:marain\">[exe:marain]</a>), where people describe a\npicture from the Family problems picture task , there are clearly more\nreferents to choose from, but the speaker wishes to focus on ‘him\nalone’. In(<a href=\"#exe:andain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:andain\">[exe:andain]</a>), from the same recording,\nthe speaker explains that the man in the task, who has come out of jail\nand has become a better person, improved himself on his own. There were\nperhaps more candidates for the source of his improvement, but the\nspeaker wishes to convey that the man did it all alone. Strikingly,\n-tain pronouns often co-occur with the focus enclitic =a. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma-tain taikonggo kiun taikonggo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone\nside.<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nside.<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘He (alone/himself) on one side, his wife on the other side.’\n<span id=\"exe:marain\" label=\"exe:marain\"></span> an-tain=a paruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndo\n‘It was I who did it.’ <span id=\"exe:andain\" label=\"exe:andain\"></span> \n</div> \nThe -tain series may also be used in reflexive constructions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:undeirii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:undeirii\">[exe:undeirii]</a>). See\n§<a href=\"#sec:rflx\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:rflx\">[sec:rflx]</a> for a further description. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma-tain se un-deir=i luk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">refl</span>-bring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ncome\n‘She came herself.’ (Lit. ‘She brought herself coming.’)\n<span id=\"exe:undeirii\" label=\"exe:undeirii\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:kahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kahutak\">[exe:kahutak]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:mahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mahutak\">[exe:mahutak]</a>) illustrate the\nquantifying -(a)hutak series.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kahutak\">[exe:kahutak]</a>), one speaker leaves the\nother during a recording session and orders her to speak further on her\nown. There are no others around, so the speaker is really only talking\nabout the addressee.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:mahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mahutak\">[exe:mahutak]</a>), people are discussing a\npicture with a girl named Ramina on it, and no-one else. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka-hutak watko ewa=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>-alone\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘You talk on your own here!’ <span id=\"exe:kahutak\"\nlabel=\"exe:kahutak\"></span> Ramina ma-hutak bara\nRamina <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone descend\n‘Ramina alone is coming back.’ <span id=\"exe:mahutak\"\nlabel=\"exe:mahutak\"></span> \n</div> \nThe difference of these last two examples with the -tain examples\nabove is that there are no more referents to choose from. A negated\n-(a)hutak example further strengthens this hypothesis.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:inahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inahutak\">[exe:inahutak]</a>), the speaker explains\nthat he and his travel company were not alone (drinking tea at a\nfuneral), but that the other invited people did so as well. By negating\na quantifying pronoun, the speaker indicates that there were more people\npresent than just those referred to with ‘we’. The -(a)hutak pronouns\ncontrast with the -(V)ninggan series described in the next section,\nalso illustrated in the example below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbukan in-ahutak ge ... in-ininggan mindi\nnot <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-alone no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-all like_that\n‘Not just us, we all did like that.’ <span id=\"exe:inahutak\"\nlabel=\"exe:inahutak\"></span> \n</div> \nThe following elicited example shows how the two pronouns are not\ninterchangeable in some contexts.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:anahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anahutak\">[exe:anahutak]</a>), the form anahutak\nis the only correct one, because there was only one person swimming.\nAndain would have been correct if the speaker intended to communicate\nthat she swam without help, but that would have required a different\ncontext. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum reidak osep=ko *an-ahutak/\\-tain** jie\nperson many beach=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone/-alone swim\n‘There were many people at the beach \\[but\\] only I was swimming.’\n<span id=\"exe:anahutak\" label=\"exe:anahutak\"></span> \n</div> \nNote also that the -(a)hutak forms seem to include the clitic =tak\n‘just, only’. Dual forms cannot be suffixed with -(a)hutak, only with\n-tak, e.g. iniertak means ‘only us two’. Perhaps these forms are\ncomparable to the -(a)hutak forms. The dual forms with -tak give the\nspeaker the possibility to specify that there were only two people, no\nmore, no less. Forms like \\*inggaruoktak ‘only us three’ and\n\\*inggansuortak ‘only us four’ are not found in the corpus. \nDual forms with -tain were elicited, but their semantics remain\nunclear. For the third-person dual, miertain, a speaker remarked that\nit means ‘they two have’. Dual pronouns with -tain can perhaps be\nanalysed as pronoun+tak+kin, where -kin is the associated plural\nor a possessive form indicating part-whole relations (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>)." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Wordlist", "Header 2": "Wordlist Kalamang-English", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut" } ], "index": 75, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Up at Werneti there are crowned pigeons.", "split": "train" }
Nyong esun mu Kanstanganggoa kibi paruo.	Nyong's mother and they are processing sea cucumbers at Kanastangan.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Nyong's mother and they are processing sea cucumbers at Kanastangan.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Nyong\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: dugong\nKalamang translation: wang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Nyong\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: take long\nKalamang translation: tik\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: greatgrandmother\nKalamang translation: ninanus; tataninanus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mother\nKalamang translation: ema\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"they\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thermos\nKalamang translation: termus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"they\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: then\nKalamang translation: baru; eba; koi; mera; siktak; terus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"processing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: rising tide\nKalamang translation: laur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"processing\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: unprocessed wood\nKalamang translation: ror soren\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sea\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sea fern\nKalamang translation: sere kokokteng\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sea\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sea current\nKalamang translation: paisor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cucumbers\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: leopard sea cucumber\nKalamang translation: sikasika\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cucumbers\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: k.o. sea cucumber\nKalamang translation: sarsar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: laugh at\nKalamang translation: komayeki\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: at its place\nKalamang translation: terunggo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Kanastangan\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tangled\nKalamang translation: sok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Kanastangan\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: understand\nKalamang translation: mengerti\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Nyong\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's mother and family are closing the roof of their house.\nKalamang translation: Nyong emun mu tok keweunat komanggangguop.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Nyong\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's father hit and wounded his toenail.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun kor tanggalip dukta patin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother lost weight, she's small.\nKalamang translation: Saiilima emun kadenun tur, kaden cicaun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.\nKalamang translation: Tamandi emun kiwat semda bo dalangdalang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"they\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: First time they came they didn't know people yet.\nKalamang translation: Giarun mu lukta mu tok sontumat komahal.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"they\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Taros they sell at Fakfak: one heap fifty thousand (rupiah).\nKalamang translation: Manadu mu Pakpao parinda tumpuk konde ripi purap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"processing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor has finished eating, he's rinsing his mouth.\nKalamang translation: Mayor muawi koyet, ma kanggursau reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"processing\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's mother is kissing Dian's mother's child.\nKalamang translation: Nabil emun Dian emun tumununat namusi.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sea\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sea\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cucumbers\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They kindled a fire and there were many embers.\nKalamang translation: Mu dinat upta din songsong reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cucumbers\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many pandanus at the cape.\nKalamang translation: Diwadiwal karimunggo reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to go fishing at the dock.\nKalamang translation: An bo jambatanggoa warkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Kanastangan\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The ananas isn't ripe yet.\nKalamang translation: Kainasu me tok sawaunin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Kanastangan\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They three stand, one in the front, two in the back.\nKalamang translation: Munggaruok mambara, kon borara, eir epkadok.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:allprons\" label=\"sec:allprons\"></span> Another series of\nquantifying pronouns are the collective pronouns. The use of a\ncollective pronoun stresses that all referents referred to with a\npronoun were partaking in the action described. It contrasts with the\nrestricting -(a)hutak series described above. The suffix, which is\nonly added to plural pronouns, varies between the forms -naninggan,\n-nininggan and -ninggan. The -naninggan form perhaps contains the\nmorpheme -nan ‘too’, but the three forms mentioned here seem to be\nused interchangeably. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nBobi emun=bon tumtum-un=bon in-naninggan=a se mara metko\nBobi mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>\nchildren-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-all=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n‘We together with Bobi’s mother and her children, we all went there.’ \n</div> \nFor the dual forms, the suffix just takes the form -gan, resulting in\nthe meaning ‘we both, you both, they both’, as shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:miergan2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:miergan2\">[exe:miergan2]</a>). This suffix is also\nused on numerals with the meaning ‘both’ or ‘all’. Note that the\nmorpheme -gan also seems to be part of the word tebonggan ‘all’.\nTebon does not have a meaning on its own. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmier-gan nakal-un elak-pis\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl.du</span>-both\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> down-side\n‘They both have their heads down’. <span id=\"exe:miergan2\"\nlabel=\"exe:miergan2\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nA Kalamang syllable (σ) consists minimally of a vowel, and maximally of\na vowel flanked by a consonant on both sides, such that:\nσ → (C)V(C)\nIn other words: each syllable has to have a nucleus in the form of a\nvowel, but can do without either onset or coda. There are no consonant\nclusters within the syllable. \nThe root is the part of a word to which morphological processes such as\ncompounding, reduplication, inflection and derivation may apply\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:word\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:word\">5</a>). A root (ρ) can be consist of zero (in\nthe case of the zero morpheme ∅ ‘give’,\n§<a href=\"#sec:give\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:give\">[sec:give]</a>) or more syllables:\nρ → σ\\*\nMonosyllabic roots are fairly common. There is one Kalamang root that\nconsists of just a vowel. Otherwise monosyllabic roots may be VC, CV or\nCVC, with CVC being the most common form. \nV: \\[u\\] ‘aunt’\nVC: \\[ar\\] ‘to dive’\nCV: \\[lu\\] ‘cold’\nCVC: \\[rap̚\\] ‘to laugh’ \nDisyllabic roots are the most common type of roots. The most common root\ntype in the entire corpus is CVCVC. There is only one root with the form\nCVCCV. \nV.V: \\[ˈa.u\\] ‘small child’\nV.VC: \\[ˈo.ur\\] ‘to fall down (of rain)’\nV.CV: \\[ˈe.sa\\] ‘father’\nV.CVC: \\[ˈi.rar\\] ‘mat’\nCV.CV: \\[ˈme.na\\] ‘later’\nCV.V: \\[ˈko.u\\] ‘to blow’\nCV.VC: \\[ˈki.el\\] ‘root’\nCV.CVC: \\[ˈli.dan\\] ‘friend’\nCVC.CVC: \\[tor.ˈpɛs\\] ‘k.o. shell’\nCVC.CV: \\[maŋ.ˈgi\\] ‘k.o. fish’ \nTrisyllabic roots are less common in my corpus, but can take all kinds\nof forms, including but not limited to: \nV.CV.CV: \\[u.ˈna.pi\\] ‘k.o. sea cucumber’\nV.V.CVC: \\[e.ˈi.ruk̚\\] ‘to bend down’\nCV.V.CVC: \\[na.ˈu.war\\] ‘news’\nCV.CVC.CVC: \\[pa.ran.ˈsik̚\\] ‘near’\nCV.CV.CV: \\[ku.ˈre.ra\\] ‘octopus’\nCVC.CV.CV: \\[pul.ˈse.ka\\] ‘grasshopper’ \nThe longest roots in my corpus are tetrasyllabic. Among the few examples\nare: \nCV.CV.CV.CV: \\[ta.ku.ˈre.ra\\] ‘sour bilimbi fruit’\nCV.CV.CVC.CV: \\[ka.ta.weŋ.ˈga\\] ‘wild breadfruit’\nCV.CV.CV.V: \\[me.le.ˈlu.o\\] ‘to sit’\nCV.CV.CV.VC: \\[ka.ba.ˈru.ap̚\\] ‘grouper (fish)’\nCV.CV.VC.CVC: \\[ka.ra.ˈoŋ.gis\\] ‘skinny; blunt’\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Nyong's mother and they are processing sea cucumbers at Kanastangan.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Nyong esun mu Kanstanganggoa kibi paruo.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Nyong esun mu Kanstanganggoa kibi paruo.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "Collective pronouns", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:allprons\" label=\"sec:allprons\"></span> Another series of\nquantifying pronouns are the collective pronouns. The use of a\ncollective pronoun stresses that all referents referred to with a\npronoun were partaking in the action described. It contrasts with the\nrestricting -(a)hutak series described above. The suffix, which is\nonly added to plural pronouns, varies between the forms -naninggan,\n-nininggan and -ninggan. The -naninggan form perhaps contains the\nmorpheme -nan ‘too’, but the three forms mentioned here seem to be\nused interchangeably. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nBobi emun=bon tumtum-un=bon in-naninggan=a se mara metko\nBobi mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>\nchildren-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-all=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n‘We together with Bobi’s mother and her children, we all went there.’ \n</div> \nFor the dual forms, the suffix just takes the form -gan, resulting in\nthe meaning ‘we both, you both, they both’, as shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:miergan2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:miergan2\">[exe:miergan2]</a>). This suffix is also\nused on numerals with the meaning ‘both’ or ‘all’. Note that the\nmorpheme -gan also seems to be part of the word tebonggan ‘all’.\nTebon does not have a meaning on its own. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmier-gan nakal-un elak-pis\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl.du</span>-both\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> down-side\n‘They both have their heads down’. <span id=\"exe:miergan2\"\nlabel=\"exe:miergan2\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Phonetics, phonology and morphophonology", "Header 2": "Phonotactics and syllable structure", "Header 3": "Syllable structure", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "A Kalamang syllable (σ) consists minimally of a vowel, and maximally of\na vowel flanked by a consonant on both sides, such that:\nσ → (C)V(C)\nIn other words: each syllable has to have a nucleus in the form of a\nvowel, but can do without either onset or coda. There are no consonant\nclusters within the syllable. \nThe root is the part of a word to which morphological processes such as\ncompounding, reduplication, inflection and derivation may apply\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:word\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:word\">5</a>). A root (ρ) can be consist of zero (in\nthe case of the zero morpheme ∅ ‘give’,\n§<a href=\"#sec:give\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:give\">[sec:give]</a>) or more syllables:\nρ → σ\\*\nMonosyllabic roots are fairly common. There is one Kalamang root that\nconsists of just a vowel. Otherwise monosyllabic roots may be VC, CV or\nCVC, with CVC being the most common form. \nV: \\[u\\] ‘aunt’\nVC: \\[ar\\] ‘to dive’\nCV: \\[lu\\] ‘cold’\nCVC: \\[rap̚\\] ‘to laugh’ \nDisyllabic roots are the most common type of roots. The most common root\ntype in the entire corpus is CVCVC. There is only one root with the form\nCVCCV. \nV.V: \\[ˈa.u\\] ‘small child’\nV.VC: \\[ˈo.ur\\] ‘to fall down (of rain)’\nV.CV: \\[ˈe.sa\\] ‘father’\nV.CVC: \\[ˈi.rar\\] ‘mat’\nCV.CV: \\[ˈme.na\\] ‘later’\nCV.V: \\[ˈko.u\\] ‘to blow’\nCV.VC: \\[ˈki.el\\] ‘root’\nCV.CVC: \\[ˈli.dan\\] ‘friend’\nCVC.CVC: \\[tor.ˈpɛs\\] ‘k.o. shell’\nCVC.CV: \\[maŋ.ˈgi\\] ‘k.o. fish’ \nTrisyllabic roots are less common in my corpus, but can take all kinds\nof forms, including but not limited to: \nV.CV.CV: \\[u.ˈna.pi\\] ‘k.o. sea cucumber’\nV.V.CVC: \\[e.ˈi.ruk̚\\] ‘to bend down’\nCV.V.CVC: \\[na.ˈu.war\\] ‘news’\nCV.CVC.CVC: \\[pa.ran.ˈsik̚\\] ‘near’\nCV.CV.CV: \\[ku.ˈre.ra\\] ‘octopus’\nCVC.CV.CV: \\[pul.ˈse.ka\\] ‘grasshopper’ \nThe longest roots in my corpus are tetrasyllabic. Among the few examples\nare: \nCV.CV.CV.CV: \\[ta.ku.ˈre.ra\\] ‘sour bilimbi fruit’\nCV.CV.CVC.CV: \\[ka.ta.weŋ.ˈga\\] ‘wild breadfruit’\nCV.CV.CV.V: \\[me.le.ˈlu.o\\] ‘to sit’\nCV.CV.CV.VC: \\[ka.ba.ˈru.ap̚\\] ‘grouper (fish)’\nCV.CV.VC.CVC: \\[ka.ra.ˈoŋ.gis\\] ‘skinny; blunt’" } ], "index": 76, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Nyong's mother and they are processing sea cucumbers at Kanastangan.", "split": "train" }
Kalis temunden me don yuolyuol yua me yuolnin.	It rained a lot so the lamps don't burn.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: It rained a lot so the lamps don't burn.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"It\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: motor boat\nKalamang translation: jonsong\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"It\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: young coconut\nKalamang translation: wat kabur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"rained\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: rainbow\nKalamang translation: kalis tanggir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"rained\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: drizzle, light rain\nKalamang translation: kalis sasarawe\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"lot\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: lobster\nKalamang translation: sairarar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"lot\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: lock\nKalamang translation: koser\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"so\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: so\nKalamang translation: jadi; =tauna; =tenden\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"so\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: so that\nKalamang translation: eba; supaya\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"lamps\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: clamp\nKalamang translation: kowaram\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"lamps\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: lamp\nKalamang translation: don yuolyuol; lampur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"don\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cotton\nKalamang translation: kai kawas; kapas\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"don\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"t\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: may the sun pull out your liver\nKalamang translation: yuon ba mintolmaretkon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"t\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: young coconut\nKalamang translation: wat kabur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"burn\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fire burning\nKalamang translation: susur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"burn\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: burn\nKalamang translation: dinan; komaruk; komelek\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"It\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: It doesn't rain anymore, the containers are dry.\nKalamang translation: Kalis se baratnin; bakbak se kararak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"It\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: It rains, dew (damp) comes into the houses.\nKalamang translation: Kalis ourta masinul bo kewe nerunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"rained\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: In the late afternoon it rained.\nKalamang translation: Go ginggirta kalis se our.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"rained\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yesterday it rained, today the weather is clear.\nKalamang translation: Wis kalis ourta, opa yua go sir.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I saw Hidayat's father and family skin a deer.\nKalamang translation: An kona Hidayat esun mu rusat kawaruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That crow is making a nest in the coconut.\nKalamang translation: Goras yume eunara wat kerunggo paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"lot\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That day there was a lot of fish.\nKalamang translation: Yuol me sorat fakurat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"lot\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Kiba's family have a lot of blossom with red flowers.\nKalamang translation: Kiba mu bunga arun bo reidak pusun kerkapten.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"so\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: In Gorom there are many clove trees, not so many nutmegs.\nKalamang translation: Walaka me cengki reidak, sayang me kurang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"so\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: It's raining, so the street is slippery.\nKalamang translation: Kalis ourten me uriap licing.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"lamps\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Go burn that lamp in a can!\nKalamang translation: Lampur belek met komelekte!\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"lamps\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: This day, it was already late afternoon but the lamps weren't lighted.\nKalamang translation: Yuol wa me go he girgir lampur tok yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"don\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I think we don't come down.\nKalamang translation: An kona in baratnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"don\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"t\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's mother is heating banana leaves, she wants to make a \"lamet\".\nKalamang translation: Ruslan emuna imolat balare lamerat paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"t\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many leaves at the side of our house, avocado leaves.\nKalamang translation: Kewe mul inggon me lolok reidak, afokat olun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"burn\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: (We are) burning ironwood leftovers and the flames are rising.\nKalamang translation: Suar pespesat komarukta din se bo paras.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"burn\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The fire was burning and she pushed it aside.\nKalamang translation: Din susurta ma dikolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:wcq\" label=\"sec:wcq\"></span> Question words or content\ninterrogatives are words that are used to make non-polar questions,\nindicating the part of the proposition that the speaker is asking about.\nThey form a closed class. Question words take the slot of the\nconstituent that the speaker is asking about. They cut across several\nword classes , with Kalamang having nominal, adnominal, predicative and\nadverbial question words, and one quantifier question word. Their main\nshared feature is that they structurally replace other constituents,\nwhich is why they are discussed together here. As for their form, all\nquestion words but neba ‘what’ contain a sequence ama, and all but\nneba and naman ‘who’ contain the sequence tama or its allophonic\nvariant rama. The question words are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:wcques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:wcques\">[tab:wcques]</a>. Neba ‘what’ is a very\ngeneric question word which can question both items and actions. It also\nfunctions as a placeholder for any constituent, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a>. \nNaman ‘who’ and neba ‘what’ are nominal, taking the place of\nsubjects and objects, with the ability to carry postpositions\n(§<a href=\"#sec:wcnoun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcnoun\">[sec:wcnoun]</a>). Naman replaces\npronouns, being unable to carry possessive morphology, but having the\npossibility to carry generic possessive =kin or animate lative and\nlocative postpositions =kongga and =konggo, respectively. Naman\nand neba, as well as tama below, can be followed by a focus marker\n=ba. In question-answer pairs, the answer may then also be followed by\n=ba, as in(<a href=\"#exe:namanba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namanba\">[exe:namanba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=ba\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘Who?’ an=ba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘Me.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:namanba\" label=\"exe:namanba\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmena mu neba=at=a paruot=kin\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\ndo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Then, what do they want to do?’ <span id=\"exe:menamu\"\nlabel=\"exe:menamu\"></span> \n</div> \nTama ‘which’ usually modifies the noun in the NP, replacing a\ndemonstrative. Neba does not occur replacing demonstratives. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nanggas=at tarat-un eranun\ndoor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nclose-<span class=\"smallcaps\">nmlz</span> cannot\n‘Couldn’t you close the door?’ anggas tama\ndoor which\n‘Which door?’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:tama\" label=\"exe:tama\"></span> \n</div> \nTamangga ‘to/from where’ and tamatko ‘where’ are formed with tama\nplus the lative or the locative enclitic, respectively (for the\nmorphosyntax see §<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>). They have verbal\nproperties. Tamangga, like other words carrying lative =ka, is\nprimarily used in complex predicates (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:svc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:svc\">[ch:svc]</a>), for example with jie ‘get’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tamjie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamjie\">[exe:tamjie]</a>). Tamatko, like other\nwords carrying locative =ko, is usually in predicate function. It can\nstand on its own, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tamatko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamatko\">[exe:tamatko]</a>), or be accompanied by\nanother verb. A short form of tamatko is tama. These suffixes are\nalso described in §<a href=\"#sec:lat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lat\">[sec:lat]</a>\nand<a href=\"#sec:loc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:loc\">[sec:loc]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka tamangga=ta jie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nfrom_where=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> get\n‘Where did you get \\[it\\] from?’ <span id=\"exe:tamjie\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamjie\"></span> ema tamatko\nmother where\n‘Where is mother?’ <span id=\"exe:tamatko\" label=\"exe:tamatko\"></span> \n</div> \nTamandi is an adverbial question word. It is illustrated modifying\nkomele ‘burn’ in(<a href=\"#exe:qadv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:qadv\">[exe:qadv]</a>), and paruo ‘do’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:babut\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:babut\">[exe:babut]</a>) below. In addition, it is\nused as a greeting with the meaning ‘how are you doing?’. It seems to\ncontain the suffix -ndi, which is also found on manner demonstratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mqqd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mqqd\">[sec:mqqd]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ndin saerak in tamandi=a lampur=at komele\nfire <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nlamp=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> burn\n‘There was no fire, how could we burn the lamps?’ <span id=\"exe:qadv\"\nlabel=\"exe:qadv\"></span> \n</div> \nPuraman ‘how many’ replaces a quantifier.\n(<a href=\"#exe:pel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pel\">[exe:pel]</a>) illustrates puraman following\na classifier (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwat nak-puraman-i mindi kajie\ncoconut\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_fruit1</span>-how_many-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nlike_that pick\n‘How many coconuts did \\[we\\] pick like that?’ <span id=\"exe:pel\"\nlabel=\"exe:pel\"></span> \n</div> \nNote that there is no question word for time. Yuol tama ‘which day’\nwas elicited, but does not occur in the natural speech corpus. There is\none occurrence of yuol puraman ‘which day’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni yuol puraman usar=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say day how_many\nbuild_frame_house=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Which day do \\[we\\] install the frame of the house?’ \n</div> \nThe syntax of questions with question words is further described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:opq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:opq\">[sec:opq]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:setok\" label=\"sec:setok\"></span> Kalamang has one\naspectual particle, se ‘already’, and one aspectual word, tok\n‘still; yet; first’. Both follow the subject NP. Se has an allomorph\nhe, which is usually used after vowels (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). This is not a watertight rule:\none does find se after vowels and (less commonly) he after\nconsonants. This suggests that se/he is developing into a clitic\n(which attaches to the subject NP). Because the form se or he is not\ncompletely predictable from the phonological context, I give both\nvariants as they are found in the corpus examples. I gloss se\n‘already’ as <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> for iamitive, which are\n“more or less grammaticalised markers that have functions shared by\n‘already’ and the perfect” .\n(<a href=\"#exe:se1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se1\">[exe:se1]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) illustrate the\nsyntactic position of se and tok, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npas opa me dudan-mur-un se mat panok∼panok\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ncousin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">kin.pl-3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\norder∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘That woman, her cousins already ordered him.’ <span id=\"exe:se1\"\nlabel=\"exe:se1\"></span> sayang-un tok kalom\\<lom\\>un\nnutmeg-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> still\nyoung\\<<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\\>\n‘Their nutmeg is still young.’ <span id=\"exe:tokstill\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokstill\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can have one of three meanings. The meaning ‘still’ is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) above. The meaning\n‘first’ is demonstrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokfirst\">[exe:tokfirst]</a>). When tok is\ncombined with a negated verb, it is translated as ‘yet’. Expressions\nwith the meaning ‘not yet’ are also known as nondums . \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok ecien=i kewe=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> first\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘First he went home.’ <span id=\"exe:tokfirst\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokfirst\"></span> pi taruot=et pi tok sampi=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> yet\narrive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘We are talking, we haven’t finished yet.’ <span id=\"exe:toksampi\"\nlabel=\"exe:toksampi\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can also be a free-standing negative answer (an interjection)\nmeaning either ‘still’ or ‘not yet’, depending on whether the question\ncontained a negative or not. Consider the contrast\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:stillschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:stillschool\">[exe:stillschool]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:notschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:notschool\">[exe:notschool]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> still go.to.school\n‘Do you still go to school?’ tok\nstill\n‘Yes \\[I still go to school\\].’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:stillschool\" label=\"exe:stillschool\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> yet\ngo_to_school=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Don’t you go to school yet?’ tok\nnot.yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:notschool\" label=\"exe:notschool\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:nakalcatok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nakalcatok\">[exe:nakalcatok]</a>) is taken from a\nstory about a black-haired monkey and a white-haired cuscus. The monkey\nasks the cuscus how to become white-haired. The cuscus then traps the\nmonkey in a narrow cage and puts him in the rising sea, whereupon the\nmonkey sees first his feet, then his belly, and then his entire body\nbecome lighter. The first tok in utterance B, an interjection,\ncontrasts with se ‘already’ in utterance A, and hence takes the\nnegative ‘not yet’ meaning. The second tok in answer B is an instance\nof the aspectual marker, here meaning ‘still’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan=at kahetmei eren-an se iren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nopen.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> white\n‘Release me, my body is white!’ o kusukusu toni tok nakal-ca tok\nkuskap=ta ime\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> cuscus say not_yet\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span> still\nblack=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘The cuscus says: “Not yet, your head is still black.”’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nakalcatok\" label=\"exe:nakalcatok\"></span> \n</div> \nIamitive se can often be translated with English ‘already’ or a\nperfect. In(<a href=\"#exe:seboet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:seboet\">[exe:seboet]</a>), the first se acts like\na perfect, while the second can be translated as ‘already’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:seboet\" label=\"exe:seboet\"></span> in se bo watko mu\ntoni wowa kain se bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say aunt\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘We went here, they said your aunt has (already) left.’ \n</div> \nSe is also used to make reference to (cultural) expectations (as is\nthe case in Malay usage/culture, see also ). One cannot ask ‘Are you\nmarried?’ or ‘Do you have children?’ without using se. In Kalamang,\nsince one is expected to marry and reproduce at some point, the use of\nse reflects this expectation.[^87] Likewise, the answer to these\nquestions cannot be ‘yes’ or ‘no’, but has to be se ‘already’ (plus at\nleast a repetition of the predicate and possibly also including a\nsubject) or tok ‘not yet’. An example is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:senamgon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:senamgon\">[exe:senamgon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka se namgon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmarried_female\n‘Are you married?’ tok\nnot_yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:senamgon\" label=\"exe:senamgon\"></span> \n</div> \nThese (cultural) expectations are also expressed through se for more\neveryday situations. In Maas, the village of the speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lampurse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lampurse\">[exe:lampurse]</a>), lights are\nautomatically turned on at 5:30PM. By using se with yuol ‘shine’,\nthe speaker expresses that an expected situation has occurred. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo se ginggir lampur se yuol\ncondition <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> late_afternoon lamp\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> shine\n‘It was late afternoon, the lamps were already on.’\n<span id=\"exe:lampurse\" label=\"exe:lampurse\"></span> \n</div> \nThe iamitive can also be used for changes of state, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sebotemun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sebotemun\">[exe:sebotemun]</a>), where a child has\ngrown up in the course of the story. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan bo lembaga nerun tumun-an se bo temun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go cell inside\nchild-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go big\n‘I went into prison, my child has grown up.’ <span id=\"exe:sebotemun\"\nlabel=\"exe:sebotemun\"></span> \n</div> \nFinally, iamitive se occurs in a fixed expression with koyet ‘to be\nfinished’ to indicate the end of a state or event, or of an entire\nstory. (<a href=\"#exe:pakuin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pakuin\">[exe:pakuin]</a>) narrates the building of a\nhouse. Se koyet is used to indicate that a day’s work is finished.\n(<a href=\"#exe:maraouk\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:maraouk\">[exe:maraouk]</a>) is the last utterance in\na story about a feast. The last events are listed (the serving and\nconsuming of tea and food), and then the story is closed off with se\nkoyet ‘the end’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntoni eh ma se me se koyet kasur=et eba paku=kin\nsay hey <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\ntomorrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\nnail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘\\[He\\] said: “Hey, that’s it, \\[we’re\\] finished, tomorrow we’ll nail.’\n<span id=\"exe:pakuin\" label=\"exe:pakuin\"></span> mu ter=at maraouk\nmuaw=at maraouk in ter-nan=i koyet muap=i koyet se koyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n‘They served the tea, served the food, we finished drinking tea,\nfinished eating, the end.’ <span id=\"exe:maraouk\"\nlabel=\"exe:maraouk\"></span> \n</div> \nThe two aspectual markers are compatible with negated or inherently\nnegative verbs (§<a href=\"#sec:lexicalneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lexicalneg\">[sec:lexicalneg]</a>), but change in\nmeaning. The aspectual markers have scope over the negation. The\naspectual word tok ‘still; yet; first’ can be combined with a negated\npredicate to form the meaning ‘not yet’, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokki\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokki\">[exe:tokki]</a>) (see\nalso<a href=\"#exe:toksampi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:toksampi\">[exe:toksampi]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:tokki\" label=\"exe:tokki\"></span> <span id=\"exe:tokna\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokna\"></span> ma tok nawanggar\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still wait\n‘He still waits.’ \n<span id=\"exe:tokbotnin\" label=\"exe:tokbotnin\"></span> Nyong esun\ntok bot=nin\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> yet\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Nyong’s father doesn’t go yet.’ \nWhen iamitive se is combined with a negative verb or negated\npredicate, it forms the meaning ‘not any more’. This is illustrated in\nexample(<a href=\"#exe:se\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se\">[exe:se]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:se\" label=\"exe:se\"></span> <span id=\"exe:inse\"\nlabel=\"exe:inse\"></span> in se mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> come\n‘We had already come.’ \n<span id=\"exe:heparuotnin\" label=\"exe:heparuotnin\"></span> ma se\nparuot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He won’t do it any more.’ \nTable<a href=\"#tab:setok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:setok\">15.1</a> shows the meanings associated with\nse and tok in affirmative and negative clauses. \n<div id=\"tab:setok\"> \n\| \| iamitive se \| nondum tok \|\n\|:------------\|:--------------------\|:------------------\|\n\| affirmative \| perfective; already \| still; yet; first \|\n\| negative \| not anymore \| not yet \|\n\| \| \| \| \nAspectual markers se and tok in affirmative and negative clauses \n</div> \nThe aspectual markers have scope over quantifiers and predicates.\nConsider (<a href=\"#exe:redai\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:redai\">[exe:redai]</a>), where negator =nin has\nscope over reidak ‘much’ and na ‘eat’, and tok has scope over\nboth. For a further description of the behaviour of quantifiers with\nrespect to the NP and the predicate, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:nmodqnt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nmodqnt\">[sec:nmodqnt]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok reidak-i nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> yet\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He hasn’t eaten much yet.’ <span id=\"exe:redai\"\nlabel=\"exe:redai\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: It rained a lot so the lamps don't burn.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Kalis temunden me don yuolyuol yua me yuolnin.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Kalis temunden me don yuolyuol yua me yuolnin.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Word classes", "Header 2": "Question words", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:wcq\" label=\"sec:wcq\"></span> Question words or content\ninterrogatives are words that are used to make non-polar questions,\nindicating the part of the proposition that the speaker is asking about.\nThey form a closed class. Question words take the slot of the\nconstituent that the speaker is asking about. They cut across several\nword classes , with Kalamang having nominal, adnominal, predicative and\nadverbial question words, and one quantifier question word. Their main\nshared feature is that they structurally replace other constituents,\nwhich is why they are discussed together here. As for their form, all\nquestion words but neba ‘what’ contain a sequence ama, and all but\nneba and naman ‘who’ contain the sequence tama or its allophonic\nvariant rama. The question words are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:wcques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:wcques\">[tab:wcques]</a>. Neba ‘what’ is a very\ngeneric question word which can question both items and actions. It also\nfunctions as a placeholder for any constituent, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a>. \nNaman ‘who’ and neba ‘what’ are nominal, taking the place of\nsubjects and objects, with the ability to carry postpositions\n(§<a href=\"#sec:wcnoun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcnoun\">[sec:wcnoun]</a>). Naman replaces\npronouns, being unable to carry possessive morphology, but having the\npossibility to carry generic possessive =kin or animate lative and\nlocative postpositions =kongga and =konggo, respectively. Naman\nand neba, as well as tama below, can be followed by a focus marker\n=ba. In question-answer pairs, the answer may then also be followed by\n=ba, as in(<a href=\"#exe:namanba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namanba\">[exe:namanba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=ba\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘Who?’ an=ba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘Me.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:namanba\" label=\"exe:namanba\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmena mu neba=at=a paruot=kin\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\ndo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Then, what do they want to do?’ <span id=\"exe:menamu\"\nlabel=\"exe:menamu\"></span> \n</div> \nTama ‘which’ usually modifies the noun in the NP, replacing a\ndemonstrative. Neba does not occur replacing demonstratives. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nanggas=at tarat-un eranun\ndoor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nclose-<span class=\"smallcaps\">nmlz</span> cannot\n‘Couldn’t you close the door?’ anggas tama\ndoor which\n‘Which door?’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:tama\" label=\"exe:tama\"></span> \n</div> \nTamangga ‘to/from where’ and tamatko ‘where’ are formed with tama\nplus the lative or the locative enclitic, respectively (for the\nmorphosyntax see §<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>). They have verbal\nproperties. Tamangga, like other words carrying lative =ka, is\nprimarily used in complex predicates (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:svc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:svc\">[ch:svc]</a>), for example with jie ‘get’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tamjie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamjie\">[exe:tamjie]</a>). Tamatko, like other\nwords carrying locative =ko, is usually in predicate function. It can\nstand on its own, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tamatko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamatko\">[exe:tamatko]</a>), or be accompanied by\nanother verb. A short form of tamatko is tama. These suffixes are\nalso described in §<a href=\"#sec:lat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lat\">[sec:lat]</a>\nand<a href=\"#sec:loc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:loc\">[sec:loc]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka tamangga=ta jie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nfrom_where=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> get\n‘Where did you get \\[it\\] from?’ <span id=\"exe:tamjie\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamjie\"></span> ema tamatko\nmother where\n‘Where is mother?’ <span id=\"exe:tamatko\" label=\"exe:tamatko\"></span> \n</div> \nTamandi is an adverbial question word. It is illustrated modifying\nkomele ‘burn’ in(<a href=\"#exe:qadv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:qadv\">[exe:qadv]</a>), and paruo ‘do’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:babut\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:babut\">[exe:babut]</a>) below. In addition, it is\nused as a greeting with the meaning ‘how are you doing?’. It seems to\ncontain the suffix -ndi, which is also found on manner demonstratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mqqd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mqqd\">[sec:mqqd]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ndin saerak in tamandi=a lampur=at komele\nfire <span class=\"smallcaps\">neg_exist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nlamp=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> burn\n‘There was no fire, how could we burn the lamps?’ <span id=\"exe:qadv\"\nlabel=\"exe:qadv\"></span> \n</div> \nPuraman ‘how many’ replaces a quantifier.\n(<a href=\"#exe:pel\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pel\">[exe:pel]</a>) illustrates puraman following\na classifier (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwat nak-puraman-i mindi kajie\ncoconut\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_fruit1</span>-how_many-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nlike_that pick\n‘How many coconuts did \\[we\\] pick like that?’ <span id=\"exe:pel\"\nlabel=\"exe:pel\"></span> \n</div> \nNote that there is no question word for time. Yuol tama ‘which day’\nwas elicited, but does not occur in the natural speech corpus. There is\none occurrence of yuol puraman ‘which day’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni yuol puraman usar=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say day how_many\nbuild_frame_house=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Which day do \\[we\\] install the frame of the house?’ \n</div> \nThe syntax of questions with question words is further described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:opq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:opq\">[sec:opq]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Mood, aspect and modality marking", "Header 3": "Aspect", "Header 4": "Iamitive se ‘already’ and nondum tok ‘still; yet; first’" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:setok\" label=\"sec:setok\"></span> Kalamang has one\naspectual particle, se ‘already’, and one aspectual word, tok\n‘still; yet; first’. Both follow the subject NP. Se has an allomorph\nhe, which is usually used after vowels (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). This is not a watertight rule:\none does find se after vowels and (less commonly) he after\nconsonants. This suggests that se/he is developing into a clitic\n(which attaches to the subject NP). Because the form se or he is not\ncompletely predictable from the phonological context, I give both\nvariants as they are found in the corpus examples. I gloss se\n‘already’ as <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> for iamitive, which are\n“more or less grammaticalised markers that have functions shared by\n‘already’ and the perfect” .\n(<a href=\"#exe:se1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se1\">[exe:se1]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) illustrate the\nsyntactic position of se and tok, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npas opa me dudan-mur-un se mat panok∼panok\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ncousin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">kin.pl-3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\norder∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘That woman, her cousins already ordered him.’ <span id=\"exe:se1\"\nlabel=\"exe:se1\"></span> sayang-un tok kalom\\<lom\\>un\nnutmeg-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> still\nyoung\\<<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\\>\n‘Their nutmeg is still young.’ <span id=\"exe:tokstill\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokstill\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can have one of three meanings. The meaning ‘still’ is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) above. The meaning\n‘first’ is demonstrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokfirst\">[exe:tokfirst]</a>). When tok is\ncombined with a negated verb, it is translated as ‘yet’. Expressions\nwith the meaning ‘not yet’ are also known as nondums . \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok ecien=i kewe=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> first\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘First he went home.’ <span id=\"exe:tokfirst\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokfirst\"></span> pi taruot=et pi tok sampi=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> yet\narrive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘We are talking, we haven’t finished yet.’ <span id=\"exe:toksampi\"\nlabel=\"exe:toksampi\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can also be a free-standing negative answer (an interjection)\nmeaning either ‘still’ or ‘not yet’, depending on whether the question\ncontained a negative or not. Consider the contrast\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:stillschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:stillschool\">[exe:stillschool]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:notschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:notschool\">[exe:notschool]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> still go.to.school\n‘Do you still go to school?’ tok\nstill\n‘Yes \\[I still go to school\\].’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:stillschool\" label=\"exe:stillschool\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> yet\ngo_to_school=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Don’t you go to school yet?’ tok\nnot.yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:notschool\" label=\"exe:notschool\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:nakalcatok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nakalcatok\">[exe:nakalcatok]</a>) is taken from a\nstory about a black-haired monkey and a white-haired cuscus. The monkey\nasks the cuscus how to become white-haired. The cuscus then traps the\nmonkey in a narrow cage and puts him in the rising sea, whereupon the\nmonkey sees first his feet, then his belly, and then his entire body\nbecome lighter. The first tok in utterance B, an interjection,\ncontrasts with se ‘already’ in utterance A, and hence takes the\nnegative ‘not yet’ meaning. The second tok in answer B is an instance\nof the aspectual marker, here meaning ‘still’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan=at kahetmei eren-an se iren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nopen.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> white\n‘Release me, my body is white!’ o kusukusu toni tok nakal-ca tok\nkuskap=ta ime\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> cuscus say not_yet\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span> still\nblack=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘The cuscus says: “Not yet, your head is still black.”’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nakalcatok\" label=\"exe:nakalcatok\"></span> \n</div> \nIamitive se can often be translated with English ‘already’ or a\nperfect. In(<a href=\"#exe:seboet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:seboet\">[exe:seboet]</a>), the first se acts like\na perfect, while the second can be translated as ‘already’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:seboet\" label=\"exe:seboet\"></span> in se bo watko mu\ntoni wowa kain se bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say aunt\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘We went here, they said your aunt has (already) left.’ \n</div> \nSe is also used to make reference to (cultural) expectations (as is\nthe case in Malay usage/culture, see also ). One cannot ask ‘Are you\nmarried?’ or ‘Do you have children?’ without using se. In Kalamang,\nsince one is expected to marry and reproduce at some point, the use of\nse reflects this expectation.[^87] Likewise, the answer to these\nquestions cannot be ‘yes’ or ‘no’, but has to be se ‘already’ (plus at\nleast a repetition of the predicate and possibly also including a\nsubject) or tok ‘not yet’. An example is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:senamgon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:senamgon\">[exe:senamgon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka se namgon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmarried_female\n‘Are you married?’ tok\nnot_yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:senamgon\" label=\"exe:senamgon\"></span> \n</div> \nThese (cultural) expectations are also expressed through se for more\neveryday situations. In Maas, the village of the speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lampurse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lampurse\">[exe:lampurse]</a>), lights are\nautomatically turned on at 5:30PM. By using se with yuol ‘shine’,\nthe speaker expresses that an expected situation has occurred. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo se ginggir lampur se yuol\ncondition <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> late_afternoon lamp\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> shine\n‘It was late afternoon, the lamps were already on.’\n<span id=\"exe:lampurse\" label=\"exe:lampurse\"></span> \n</div> \nThe iamitive can also be used for changes of state, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sebotemun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sebotemun\">[exe:sebotemun]</a>), where a child has\ngrown up in the course of the story. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan bo lembaga nerun tumun-an se bo temun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go cell inside\nchild-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go big\n‘I went into prison, my child has grown up.’ <span id=\"exe:sebotemun\"\nlabel=\"exe:sebotemun\"></span> \n</div> \nFinally, iamitive se occurs in a fixed expression with koyet ‘to be\nfinished’ to indicate the end of a state or event, or of an entire\nstory. (<a href=\"#exe:pakuin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pakuin\">[exe:pakuin]</a>) narrates the building of a\nhouse. Se koyet is used to indicate that a day’s work is finished.\n(<a href=\"#exe:maraouk\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:maraouk\">[exe:maraouk]</a>) is the last utterance in\na story about a feast. The last events are listed (the serving and\nconsuming of tea and food), and then the story is closed off with se\nkoyet ‘the end’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntoni eh ma se me se koyet kasur=et eba paku=kin\nsay hey <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\ntomorrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\nnail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘\\[He\\] said: “Hey, that’s it, \\[we’re\\] finished, tomorrow we’ll nail.’\n<span id=\"exe:pakuin\" label=\"exe:pakuin\"></span> mu ter=at maraouk\nmuaw=at maraouk in ter-nan=i koyet muap=i koyet se koyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n‘They served the tea, served the food, we finished drinking tea,\nfinished eating, the end.’ <span id=\"exe:maraouk\"\nlabel=\"exe:maraouk\"></span> \n</div> \nThe two aspectual markers are compatible with negated or inherently\nnegative verbs (§<a href=\"#sec:lexicalneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lexicalneg\">[sec:lexicalneg]</a>), but change in\nmeaning. The aspectual markers have scope over the negation. The\naspectual word tok ‘still; yet; first’ can be combined with a negated\npredicate to form the meaning ‘not yet’, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokki\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokki\">[exe:tokki]</a>) (see\nalso<a href=\"#exe:toksampi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:toksampi\">[exe:toksampi]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:tokki\" label=\"exe:tokki\"></span> <span id=\"exe:tokna\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokna\"></span> ma tok nawanggar\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still wait\n‘He still waits.’ \n<span id=\"exe:tokbotnin\" label=\"exe:tokbotnin\"></span> Nyong esun\ntok bot=nin\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> yet\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Nyong’s father doesn’t go yet.’ \nWhen iamitive se is combined with a negative verb or negated\npredicate, it forms the meaning ‘not any more’. This is illustrated in\nexample(<a href=\"#exe:se\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se\">[exe:se]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:se\" label=\"exe:se\"></span> <span id=\"exe:inse\"\nlabel=\"exe:inse\"></span> in se mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> come\n‘We had already come.’ \n<span id=\"exe:heparuotnin\" label=\"exe:heparuotnin\"></span> ma se\nparuot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He won’t do it any more.’ \nTable<a href=\"#tab:setok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:setok\">15.1</a> shows the meanings associated with\nse and tok in affirmative and negative clauses. \n<div id=\"tab:setok\"> \n\| \| iamitive se \| nondum tok \|\n\|:------------\|:--------------------\|:------------------\|\n\| affirmative \| perfective; already \| still; yet; first \|\n\| negative \| not anymore \| not yet \|\n\| \| \| \| \nAspectual markers se and tok in affirmative and negative clauses \n</div> \nThe aspectual markers have scope over quantifiers and predicates.\nConsider (<a href=\"#exe:redai\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:redai\">[exe:redai]</a>), where negator =nin has\nscope over reidak ‘much’ and na ‘eat’, and tok has scope over\nboth. For a further description of the behaviour of quantifiers with\nrespect to the NP and the predicate, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:nmodqnt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nmodqnt\">[sec:nmodqnt]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok reidak-i nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> yet\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He hasn’t eaten much yet.’ <span id=\"exe:redai\"\nlabel=\"exe:redai\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 77, "level": "low_resource", "question": "It rained a lot so the lamps don't burn.", "split": "train" }
Mu gogit olunat parua kuar.	They are picking gogit leaves to cook.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: They are picking gogit leaves to cook.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"They\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: brush turkey\nKalamang translation: maniktambang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"They\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: The Netherlands\nKalamang translation: Beladar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"picking\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: king\nKalamang translation: leit\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"picking\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pick\nKalamang translation: kajie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"gogit\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: goat\nKalamang translation: lek\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"gogit\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: not good at all\nKalamang translation: siamar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"leaves\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sew leaves\nKalamang translation: gaim\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"leaves\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: falling of leaves\nKalamang translation: upsa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cook\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cooked\nKalamang translation: ruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cook\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cook\nKalamang translation: kuar; muawaruo; pau\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"They\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They three stand, one in the front, two in the back.\nKalamang translation: Munggaruok mambara, kon borara, eir epkadok.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"They\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are making a broom with hairs from the sugar palm.\nKalamang translation: Mu coknenenggia sirarai gamutuat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"picking\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Two chickens are picking each other.\nKalamang translation: Kokok eir naunatuka.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"picking\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The childen are picking Sakina's family's ambarella's, they are angry at them.\nKalamang translation: Tumtum Sakina mu pasaromunat parua mu muat koewat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"gogit\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When it is west wind season there are frogs.\nKalamang translation: Musim kemanur me kareng se mambon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"gogit\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yesterday it rained, today the weather is clear.\nKalamang translation: Wis kalis ourta, opa yua go sir.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"leaves\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many leaves at the side of our house, avocado leaves.\nKalamang translation: Kewe mul inggon me lolok reidak, afokat olun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"leaves\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The basket has big holes, stick leaves to it.\nKalamang translation: Kiem ma me posposun temun, loloki nawolet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cook\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother is pestling chilli, she wants to cook fish with that.\nKalamang translation: Salima emun lenggalengga naloli minggi sor kuarkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cook\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Before, they went to pick mangosteen to cook and eat.\nKalamang translation: Wiseme mu bo gainkajie kuarte na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:wcadv\" label=\"sec:wcadv\"></span> Adverbial modifiers is a\ncover term for morphemes that modify the clause by changing the mood,\naspect or mode of a predicate or clause; or specify the manner, temporal\nsetting, degree or other characteristics of the state or event expressed\nby the verb, such as repetition or exclusivity. They are independent\nwords, proclitics, enclitics and suffixes that occupy different slots in\nthe clause. They do not form a real word class, but are given here for\nease of reference. Adverbial modifiers can be divided into functional\ngroups such as modal adverbials or manner adverbials. See\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:clausmod\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:clausmod\">15</a> for an overview of all morphemes and\ntheir positions in the clause. One important position is the\npost-subject position, which is taken by iamitive se, nondum\ntok,[^46] gen ‘maybe’ and some modal adverbials. The predicate can\nhost a number of clitics, including mood and aspect markers. Clausal\nnegation is also marked as a clitic on the predicate (described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:clauneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clauneg\">[sec:clauneg]</a>). \nThe following examples illustrate post-subject iamitive se and koi\n‘again’ in (<a href=\"#exe:hekoi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hekoi\">[exe:hekoi]</a>), clause-final reon ‘maybe’\nin (<a href=\"#exe:gongreon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gongreon\">[exe:gongreon]</a>), clause-initial\ntemporal adverbials and progressive =teba and volitional =kin on the\npredicate in (<a href=\"#exe:kasurm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kasurm\">[exe:kasurm]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu se koi yal\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nagain paddle\n‘They already paddled again.’ <span id=\"exe:hekoi\"\nlabel=\"exe:hekoi\"></span> esa anggon temun=a an=at gonggung reon\nfather <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\nbig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span> call maybe\n‘Maybe my uncle called me.’ <span id=\"exe:gongreon\"\nlabel=\"exe:gongreon\"></span> ma toni opa_yuwa an dodon\nwaruo=teba kasur mu kolak=ka bot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say today\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> clothes\nwash=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nmountain=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘She said: “Today I’m washing clothes.” Tomorrow they want to go to the\nmountains.’ <span id=\"exe:kasurm\" label=\"exe:kasurm\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe distal form mindi ‘like that’ (occasionally pronounced mendi,\ncf. the distal basic form me) expresses manner or quality.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:mindijaga\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mindijaga\">[exe:mindijaga]</a>), the speaker tries\nto explain how they waved away the smoke of fires with leaves to keep\ntheir hiding place secret during the Japanese bombings in WWII. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:mindijaga\" label=\"exe:mindijaga\"></span> in se lolok=at\nkowaran mindi din=at jaga\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nleaf=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bend like_that\nfire=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> watch\n‘We bent leaves, like that we watched the fire.’ \n</div> \nDistal mindi is also used as ‘until’ in combination with bo ‘to go’\n(lit. ‘go like that’, see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:svcmanneri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:svcmanneri\">[sec:svcmanneri]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:karuar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:karuar\">[exe:karuar]</a>) is about the production of\npandanus leaf strips for weaving. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkaruar=i mindi bo kararak koi masan\nsmoke_dry=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> like_that go dry then\ndry_in_sun\n‘We dry \\[on a rack above the fire\\] until it’s dry, then we dry in the\nsun.’ <span id=\"exe:karuar\" label=\"exe:karuar\"></span> \n</div> \nThe form mendak ‘just like that’, which seems derived from distal me\nand =tak ‘just’, is also used to express manner.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:mendak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mendak\">[exe:mendak]</a>). There is no corresponding\nproximal form (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcuntil\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcuntil\">[sec:mvcuntil]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npi mendak kuar langsung=et eba bes\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> just_like_that cook\ndirectly=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then good\n‘If we just cook it directly like that, it’s good.’\n<span id=\"exe:mendak\" label=\"exe:mendak\"></span> \n</div> \nIn addition to the manner and quality demonstrative mindi, Kalamang\nhas three other proximal forms: one adnominal demonstrative for quantity\n(mia-bes) and two adverbial for degree (mia-rip for size and\nmia-sen for distance and duration). The variants me-bes, me-rip\nand me-sen are also acceptable, but hardly found in the corpus. The\nthree forms are illustrated below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \neba ka=nan pitis mia-bes=at maraouk=te\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>=too money\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist-qnt=obj</span>\nstore=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Why did you store that much money there?!’ tumun se bo temun\nmia-rip\nchild <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go big\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist-dgr</span>\n‘The child has become that big.’ an ewa=i sampi mia-sen-tak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> until\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist-qnt</span>-just\n‘I just speak that long.’ \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: They are picking gogit leaves to cook.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Mu gogit olunat parua kuar.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Mu gogit olunat parua kuar.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Word classes", "Header 2": "Adverbial modifiers", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:wcadv\" label=\"sec:wcadv\"></span> Adverbial modifiers is a\ncover term for morphemes that modify the clause by changing the mood,\naspect or mode of a predicate or clause; or specify the manner, temporal\nsetting, degree or other characteristics of the state or event expressed\nby the verb, such as repetition or exclusivity. They are independent\nwords, proclitics, enclitics and suffixes that occupy different slots in\nthe clause. They do not form a real word class, but are given here for\nease of reference. Adverbial modifiers can be divided into functional\ngroups such as modal adverbials or manner adverbials. See\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:clausmod\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:clausmod\">15</a> for an overview of all morphemes and\ntheir positions in the clause. One important position is the\npost-subject position, which is taken by iamitive se, nondum\ntok,[^46] gen ‘maybe’ and some modal adverbials. The predicate can\nhost a number of clitics, including mood and aspect markers. Clausal\nnegation is also marked as a clitic on the predicate (described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:clauneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clauneg\">[sec:clauneg]</a>). \nThe following examples illustrate post-subject iamitive se and koi\n‘again’ in (<a href=\"#exe:hekoi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:hekoi\">[exe:hekoi]</a>), clause-final reon ‘maybe’\nin (<a href=\"#exe:gongreon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gongreon\">[exe:gongreon]</a>), clause-initial\ntemporal adverbials and progressive =teba and volitional =kin on the\npredicate in (<a href=\"#exe:kasurm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kasurm\">[exe:kasurm]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu se koi yal\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nagain paddle\n‘They already paddled again.’ <span id=\"exe:hekoi\"\nlabel=\"exe:hekoi\"></span> esa anggon temun=a an=at gonggung reon\nfather <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\nbig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span> call maybe\n‘Maybe my uncle called me.’ <span id=\"exe:gongreon\"\nlabel=\"exe:gongreon\"></span> ma toni opa_yuwa an dodon\nwaruo=teba kasur mu kolak=ka bot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say today\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> clothes\nwash=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nmountain=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘She said: “Today I’m washing clothes.” Tomorrow they want to go to the\nmountains.’ <span id=\"exe:kasurm\" label=\"exe:kasurm\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Demonstratives", "Header 2": "Demonstrative function", "Header 3": "Distal me ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>’", "Header 4": "Manner, quality, quantity and degree" }, "passage": "The distal form mindi ‘like that’ (occasionally pronounced mendi,\ncf. the distal basic form me) expresses manner or quality.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:mindijaga\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mindijaga\">[exe:mindijaga]</a>), the speaker tries\nto explain how they waved away the smoke of fires with leaves to keep\ntheir hiding place secret during the Japanese bombings in WWII. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:mindijaga\" label=\"exe:mindijaga\"></span> in se lolok=at\nkowaran mindi din=at jaga\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nleaf=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bend like_that\nfire=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> watch\n‘We bent leaves, like that we watched the fire.’ \n</div> \nDistal mindi is also used as ‘until’ in combination with bo ‘to go’\n(lit. ‘go like that’, see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:svcmanneri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:svcmanneri\">[sec:svcmanneri]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:karuar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:karuar\">[exe:karuar]</a>) is about the production of\npandanus leaf strips for weaving. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkaruar=i mindi bo kararak koi masan\nsmoke_dry=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> like_that go dry then\ndry_in_sun\n‘We dry \\[on a rack above the fire\\] until it’s dry, then we dry in the\nsun.’ <span id=\"exe:karuar\" label=\"exe:karuar\"></span> \n</div> \nThe form mendak ‘just like that’, which seems derived from distal me\nand =tak ‘just’, is also used to express manner.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:mendak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mendak\">[exe:mendak]</a>). There is no corresponding\nproximal form (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcuntil\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcuntil\">[sec:mvcuntil]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npi mendak kuar langsung=et eba bes\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> just_like_that cook\ndirectly=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then good\n‘If we just cook it directly like that, it’s good.’\n<span id=\"exe:mendak\" label=\"exe:mendak\"></span> \n</div> \nIn addition to the manner and quality demonstrative mindi, Kalamang\nhas three other proximal forms: one adnominal demonstrative for quantity\n(mia-bes) and two adverbial for degree (mia-rip for size and\nmia-sen for distance and duration). The variants me-bes, me-rip\nand me-sen are also acceptable, but hardly found in the corpus. The\nthree forms are illustrated below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \neba ka=nan pitis mia-bes=at maraouk=te\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>=too money\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist-qnt=obj</span>\nstore=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Why did you store that much money there?!’ tumun se bo temun\nmia-rip\nchild <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go big\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist-dgr</span>\n‘The child has become that big.’ an ewa=i sampi mia-sen-tak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> until\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist-qnt</span>-just\n‘I just speak that long.’ \n</div>" } ], "index": 78, "level": "low_resource", "question": "They are picking gogit leaves to cook.", "split": "train" }
Kai modar me arun se temun.	The marungga tree has become big.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: The marungga tree has become big.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: The Netherlands\nKalamang translation: Beladar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"marungga\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: market\nKalamang translation: pasar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"marungga\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: marungga\nKalamang translation: kai modar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tree\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tree trunk\nKalamang translation: ewun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tree\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: male tree\nKalamang translation: kumkum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"has\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: handpalm\nKalamang translation: tan laus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"has\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: harlequin shrimp\nKalamang translation: sairarar ladok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"become\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: come\nKalamang translation: luk; mei; mia\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"become\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: become\nKalamang translation: jadi; ra\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"big\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: big bamboo type\nKalamang translation: saban\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"big\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The ananas isn't ripe yet.\nKalamang translation: Kainasu me tok sawaunin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The fish's gall bladder exploded.\nKalamang translation: Sar iemuna kararcie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"marungga\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomorrow we go to Antalisa to marry Anafia and spouse.\nKalamang translation: Kasur in bo Tamisengga nahalarkin Anafia mu.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"marungga\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Lamani's father is marking wood.\nKalamang translation: Lamani esun rorara kasep.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tree\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A parrot laid eggs in the tree hole.\nKalamang translation: Busbus kon ma ror poskoa amkeit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tree\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The cannonball tree broke and flew away.\nKalamang translation: Kai taul me parairte lele.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"has\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Malik has an illness in his veins.\nKalamang translation: Malik kaden kiesun ning.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"has\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor has finished eating, he's rinsing his mouth.\nKalamang translation: Mayor muawi koyet, ma kanggursau reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"become\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We like to look at the welcome gate from the dock.\nKalamang translation: Pi los kerungga gapurat komet me rasa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"become\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They come back from the mountain, they are hungry.\nKalamang translation: Mu kolaka bore yecie mu he muisese.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"big\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a big kerker tree at Mas.\nKalamang translation: Kerker aremun kon Masko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"big\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The basket has big holes, stick leaves to it.\nKalamang translation: Kiem ma me posposun temun, loloki nawolet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:alonepron\" label=\"sec:alonepron\"></span> There are two\nseries of ‘alone’ pronouns. The -tain series has a restrictive or\ncontrastive focus meaning, whereas the -(a)hutak series refers to\nliterally no more (or fewer) referents than stated in the pronoun, and\nis a quantifying pronoun series. The differences are slight, and not\nevery corpus example fits this analysis entirely, but the following\nexamples are representative of the use of these pronouns. Both suffixes\ncan be freely translated as ‘alone’ or ‘self’. \n(<a href=\"#exe:marain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:marain\">[exe:marain]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:andain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:andain\">[exe:andain]</a>) illustrate the -tain\nseries with restrictive or contrastive focus.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:marain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:marain\">[exe:marain]</a>), where people describe a\npicture from the Family problems picture task , there are clearly more\nreferents to choose from, but the speaker wishes to focus on ‘him\nalone’. In(<a href=\"#exe:andain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:andain\">[exe:andain]</a>), from the same recording,\nthe speaker explains that the man in the task, who has come out of jail\nand has become a better person, improved himself on his own. There were\nperhaps more candidates for the source of his improvement, but the\nspeaker wishes to convey that the man did it all alone. Strikingly,\n-tain pronouns often co-occur with the focus enclitic =a. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma-tain taikonggo kiun taikonggo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone\nside.<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nside.<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘He (alone/himself) on one side, his wife on the other side.’\n<span id=\"exe:marain\" label=\"exe:marain\"></span> an-tain=a paruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndo\n‘It was I who did it.’ <span id=\"exe:andain\" label=\"exe:andain\"></span> \n</div> \nThe -tain series may also be used in reflexive constructions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:undeirii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:undeirii\">[exe:undeirii]</a>). See\n§<a href=\"#sec:rflx\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:rflx\">[sec:rflx]</a> for a further description. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma-tain se un-deir=i luk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">refl</span>-bring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ncome\n‘She came herself.’ (Lit. ‘She brought herself coming.’)\n<span id=\"exe:undeirii\" label=\"exe:undeirii\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:kahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kahutak\">[exe:kahutak]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:mahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mahutak\">[exe:mahutak]</a>) illustrate the\nquantifying -(a)hutak series.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kahutak\">[exe:kahutak]</a>), one speaker leaves the\nother during a recording session and orders her to speak further on her\nown. There are no others around, so the speaker is really only talking\nabout the addressee.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:mahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mahutak\">[exe:mahutak]</a>), people are discussing a\npicture with a girl named Ramina on it, and no-one else. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka-hutak watko ewa=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>-alone\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘You talk on your own here!’ <span id=\"exe:kahutak\"\nlabel=\"exe:kahutak\"></span> Ramina ma-hutak bara\nRamina <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone descend\n‘Ramina alone is coming back.’ <span id=\"exe:mahutak\"\nlabel=\"exe:mahutak\"></span> \n</div> \nThe difference of these last two examples with the -tain examples\nabove is that there are no more referents to choose from. A negated\n-(a)hutak example further strengthens this hypothesis.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:inahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inahutak\">[exe:inahutak]</a>), the speaker explains\nthat he and his travel company were not alone (drinking tea at a\nfuneral), but that the other invited people did so as well. By negating\na quantifying pronoun, the speaker indicates that there were more people\npresent than just those referred to with ‘we’. The -(a)hutak pronouns\ncontrast with the -(V)ninggan series described in the next section,\nalso illustrated in the example below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbukan in-ahutak ge ... in-ininggan mindi\nnot <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-alone no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-all like_that\n‘Not just us, we all did like that.’ <span id=\"exe:inahutak\"\nlabel=\"exe:inahutak\"></span> \n</div> \nThe following elicited example shows how the two pronouns are not\ninterchangeable in some contexts.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:anahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anahutak\">[exe:anahutak]</a>), the form anahutak\nis the only correct one, because there was only one person swimming.\nAndain would have been correct if the speaker intended to communicate\nthat she swam without help, but that would have required a different\ncontext. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum reidak osep=ko *an-ahutak/\\-tain** jie\nperson many beach=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone/-alone swim\n‘There were many people at the beach \\[but\\] only I was swimming.’\n<span id=\"exe:anahutak\" label=\"exe:anahutak\"></span> \n</div> \nNote also that the -(a)hutak forms seem to include the clitic =tak\n‘just, only’. Dual forms cannot be suffixed with -(a)hutak, only with\n-tak, e.g. iniertak means ‘only us two’. Perhaps these forms are\ncomparable to the -(a)hutak forms. The dual forms with -tak give the\nspeaker the possibility to specify that there were only two people, no\nmore, no less. Forms like \\*inggaruoktak ‘only us three’ and\n\\*inggansuortak ‘only us four’ are not found in the corpus. \nDual forms with -tain were elicited, but their semantics remain\nunclear. For the third-person dual, miertain, a speaker remarked that\nit means ‘they two have’. Dual pronouns with -tain can perhaps be\nanalysed as pronoun+tak+kin, where -kin is the associated plural\nor a possessive form indicating part-whole relations (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>).\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:modal\" label=\"sec:modal\"></span> Modal markers are\nadverbials that express the speaker’s attitude towards a proposition,\nsuch as likelihood, certainty or truthfulness. There are six modal\nmarkers, listed in Table<a href=\"#tab:modal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:modal\">[tab:modal]</a> with their position in the\nclause.[^88] Two of them (bisa ‘can’ and harus ‘must’) are loans\nfrom Malay. The construction suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> ‘not like’ contains the Malay loan\nsuka ‘like’. Modal markers are found in the pre-subject slot 1,\npost-subject slots 3 and 4, and clause-final slot 8. \nBisa ‘can’ occurs clause-finally following conditional markers to\nexpress general possibility\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bisa0\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bisa0\">[exe:bisa0]</a>). After the subject, it\nexpresses possibility or ability\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bisa3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bisa3\">[exe:bisa3]</a>). In biclausal conditional\nclauses, as in example(<a href=\"#exe:bisa2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bisa2\">[exe:bisa2]</a>), bisa precedes the\nsubject. Bisa also precedes the subject in questions,\nlike(<a href=\"#exe:bisa2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bisa2\">[exe:bisa2]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \njadi ter nan-ere bisa kai nan-ere bisa\nso tea consume-<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> can medicine\ndrink-<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> can\n‘So if \\[you\\] drink it as tea that’s possible or if \\[you\\] drink it as\nmedicine that’s possible.’ <span id=\"exe:bisa0\"\nlabel=\"exe:bisa0\"></span> an mat gerket ka bisa nan ye ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> ask\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> can consume or not\n‘I asked him: “Can you eat or not?”’ <span id=\"exe:bisa3\"\nlabel=\"exe:bisa3\"></span> Kalau warkin kararaet bisa. Warkin kararaet\nbisa pi wangga marmar=et.\nkalau warkin kararak=et bisa warkin kararak=et bisa pi wangga\nmarmar=et\nif tide dry=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> can tide\ndry=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> can\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.lat</span>\nwalk=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘If the tide is low, it’s possible. If the tide is low, we can walk from\nhere.’ <span id=\"exe:bisa2\" label=\"exe:bisa2\"></span> bisa mu\nkosom=i koyet ye ge\ncan <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nsmoke=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish or not\n‘Can they smoke it all or not?’ \n</div> \nHarus ‘must’ expresses necessity, and usually occurs after the subject\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:welbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:welbon\">[exe:welbon]</a>). Like bisa ‘can’, it\nprecedes the subject in conditional clauses,\nsee(<a href=\"#exe:watjie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:watjie\">[exe:watjie]</a>). It is also sometimes used\nwithout the predicate it is supposed to modify, presumably when the\nevent to which the main verb refers is clear from the context, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:harus1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:harus1\">[exe:harus1]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwele harus sor=bon sor=nan harus wele=bon\nvegetables must fish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> fish=too must\nvegetables=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n‘Vegetables must be with fish, fish must be with vegetables.’\n<span id=\"exe:welbon\" label=\"exe:welbon\"></span> \nkalau kabor-un nain ko\\<yo\\>yal=te nain=kap=et me harus mu wat\njie=ta\nif stomach-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> like\ndisturbed\\<<span class=\"smallcaps\">atten</span>\\>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nlike=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> must\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.obj</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘If the stomach is like it’s disturbed, they have to get this.’\n<span id=\"exe:watjie\" label=\"exe:watjie\"></span> kariak sara nakal=ko\nharus kai_modar\nblood ascend head=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> must\nmarungga_tree\n‘\\[If\\] blood goes up to the head, \\[you\\] must \\[use\\] marungga tree.’\n<span id=\"exe:harus1\" label=\"exe:harus1\"></span> \n</div> \nReon ‘maybe’ expresses uncertainty or possibility and occurs\nclause-finally with verbal and non-verbal predicates, and modifies the\nwhole clause. An example with a non-verbal predicate is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:reon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:reon\">[exe:reon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon siun wilak=ko yuwa reon\none edge sea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> maybe\n‘The one here on the edge on the sea-side maybe?’ <span id=\"exe:reon\"\nlabel=\"exe:reon\"></span> \n</div> \nGen ‘maybe’ also expresses uncertainty or possibility and follows the\nsubject, as in(<a href=\"#exe:gen\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gen\">[exe:gen]</a>). Apart from its position in the\nclause, there is no difference in meaning. Gen, like reon, modifies\nthe entire clause. It is unclear whether gen and reon can co-occur. \n<span id=\"exe:gen\" label=\"exe:gen\"></span> ma gen sara tabai-jie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> maybe ascend tobacco-buy\n‘Maybe he came up to buy tobacco?’ \nThere are not enough data to determine the mutual order of these and\naspectual markers se and tok, which are also post-subject. The\ncorpus contains six instances of different modal markers followed by\nse (1x bisa se, 5x gen se, no examples with tok), and two\ninstances of se or tok followed by different modal markers (1x tok\nbisa, 1x se gen). \nThe two negative modal markers behave slightly differently. Eranun\n‘cannot’ triggers nominalisation of the verb it modifies, and follows\nthat nominalised verb. In a few cases, eranun stands in a clause on\nits own (following comma intonation). In that case, the preceding clause\nhas a normal verbal predicate, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:siendaet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:siendaet\">[exe:siendaet]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan ki=at rup-un eranun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl=obj</span>\nhelp-<span class=\"smallcaps\">nmlz</span> cannot\n‘I cannot help you.’ <span id=\"exe:ruwune\" label=\"exe:ruwune\"></span> Mu\nkoi bo siendaet, eranun.\nmu koi bo sien=taet eranun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> again go sharpen=again\nbe_impossible\n‘They went to sharpen \\[their axes\\] again. It was impossible.’\n<span id=\"exe:siendaet\" label=\"exe:siendaet\"></span> \n</div> \nThe construction suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> ‘not like; not want’ usually appears\nas the only verb-like element in the clause, but must refer to a\npreceding proposition.[^89] If combined with a verb in the same clause,\nthe verb is negated with negator =nin, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:amatmu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:amatmu\">[exe:amatmu]</a>). The positive counterparts\nof suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> ‘not like; not want’ are irrealis\nmarker =kin, which can also be used to express volition, and lo ‘to\nwant; to consent’. These are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:lexicalneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lexicalneg\">[sec:lexicalneg]</a>\nand§<a href=\"#sec:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kin\">[sec:kin]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ncanam opa me mat narorar ba lek suka-un ge\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> drag but goat\nwant-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> not\n‘That man drags it, but the goat doesn’t want \\[to be dragged\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:rarba\" label=\"exe:rarba\"></span> ma se suka-un am=at\nmu ∅=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwant-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nbreast=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘She doesn’t want to give them breast \\[milk\\] any more.’\n<span id=\"exe:amatmu\" label=\"exe:amatmu\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: The marungga tree has become big.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Kai modar me arun se temun.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Kai modar me arun se temun.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "‘Alone’ pronouns", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:alonepron\" label=\"sec:alonepron\"></span> There are two\nseries of ‘alone’ pronouns. The -tain series has a restrictive or\ncontrastive focus meaning, whereas the -(a)hutak series refers to\nliterally no more (or fewer) referents than stated in the pronoun, and\nis a quantifying pronoun series. The differences are slight, and not\nevery corpus example fits this analysis entirely, but the following\nexamples are representative of the use of these pronouns. Both suffixes\ncan be freely translated as ‘alone’ or ‘self’. \n(<a href=\"#exe:marain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:marain\">[exe:marain]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:andain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:andain\">[exe:andain]</a>) illustrate the -tain\nseries with restrictive or contrastive focus.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:marain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:marain\">[exe:marain]</a>), where people describe a\npicture from the Family problems picture task , there are clearly more\nreferents to choose from, but the speaker wishes to focus on ‘him\nalone’. In(<a href=\"#exe:andain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:andain\">[exe:andain]</a>), from the same recording,\nthe speaker explains that the man in the task, who has come out of jail\nand has become a better person, improved himself on his own. There were\nperhaps more candidates for the source of his improvement, but the\nspeaker wishes to convey that the man did it all alone. Strikingly,\n-tain pronouns often co-occur with the focus enclitic =a. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma-tain taikonggo kiun taikonggo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone\nside.<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nside.<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘He (alone/himself) on one side, his wife on the other side.’\n<span id=\"exe:marain\" label=\"exe:marain\"></span> an-tain=a paruo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndo\n‘It was I who did it.’ <span id=\"exe:andain\" label=\"exe:andain\"></span> \n</div> \nThe -tain series may also be used in reflexive constructions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:undeirii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:undeirii\">[exe:undeirii]</a>). See\n§<a href=\"#sec:rflx\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:rflx\">[sec:rflx]</a> for a further description. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma-tain se un-deir=i luk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">refl</span>-bring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ncome\n‘She came herself.’ (Lit. ‘She brought herself coming.’)\n<span id=\"exe:undeirii\" label=\"exe:undeirii\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:kahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kahutak\">[exe:kahutak]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:mahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mahutak\">[exe:mahutak]</a>) illustrate the\nquantifying -(a)hutak series.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kahutak\">[exe:kahutak]</a>), one speaker leaves the\nother during a recording session and orders her to speak further on her\nown. There are no others around, so the speaker is really only talking\nabout the addressee.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:mahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mahutak\">[exe:mahutak]</a>), people are discussing a\npicture with a girl named Ramina on it, and no-one else. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka-hutak watko ewa=te\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>-alone\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘You talk on your own here!’ <span id=\"exe:kahutak\"\nlabel=\"exe:kahutak\"></span> Ramina ma-hutak bara\nRamina <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>-alone descend\n‘Ramina alone is coming back.’ <span id=\"exe:mahutak\"\nlabel=\"exe:mahutak\"></span> \n</div> \nThe difference of these last two examples with the -tain examples\nabove is that there are no more referents to choose from. A negated\n-(a)hutak example further strengthens this hypothesis.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:inahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inahutak\">[exe:inahutak]</a>), the speaker explains\nthat he and his travel company were not alone (drinking tea at a\nfuneral), but that the other invited people did so as well. By negating\na quantifying pronoun, the speaker indicates that there were more people\npresent than just those referred to with ‘we’. The -(a)hutak pronouns\ncontrast with the -(V)ninggan series described in the next section,\nalso illustrated in the example below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbukan in-ahutak ge ... in-ininggan mindi\nnot <span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-alone no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>-all like_that\n‘Not just us, we all did like that.’ <span id=\"exe:inahutak\"\nlabel=\"exe:inahutak\"></span> \n</div> \nThe following elicited example shows how the two pronouns are not\ninterchangeable in some contexts.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:anahutak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anahutak\">[exe:anahutak]</a>), the form anahutak\nis the only correct one, because there was only one person swimming.\nAndain would have been correct if the speaker intended to communicate\nthat she swam without help, but that would have required a different\ncontext. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsontum reidak osep=ko *an-ahutak/\\-tain** jie\nperson many beach=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>-alone/-alone swim\n‘There were many people at the beach \\[but\\] only I was swimming.’\n<span id=\"exe:anahutak\" label=\"exe:anahutak\"></span> \n</div> \nNote also that the -(a)hutak forms seem to include the clitic =tak\n‘just, only’. Dual forms cannot be suffixed with -(a)hutak, only with\n-tak, e.g. iniertak means ‘only us two’. Perhaps these forms are\ncomparable to the -(a)hutak forms. The dual forms with -tak give the\nspeaker the possibility to specify that there were only two people, no\nmore, no less. Forms like \\*inggaruoktak ‘only us three’ and\n\\*inggansuortak ‘only us four’ are not found in the corpus. \nDual forms with -tain were elicited, but their semantics remain\nunclear. For the third-person dual, miertain, a speaker remarked that\nit means ‘they two have’. Dual pronouns with -tain can perhaps be\nanalysed as pronoun+tak+kin, where -kin is the associated plural\nor a possessive form indicating part-whole relations (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>)." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Mood, aspect and modality marking", "Header 3": "Modal markers", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:modal\" label=\"sec:modal\"></span> Modal markers are\nadverbials that express the speaker’s attitude towards a proposition,\nsuch as likelihood, certainty or truthfulness. There are six modal\nmarkers, listed in Table<a href=\"#tab:modal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:modal\">[tab:modal]</a> with their position in the\nclause.[^88] Two of them (bisa ‘can’ and harus ‘must’) are loans\nfrom Malay. The construction suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> ‘not like’ contains the Malay loan\nsuka ‘like’. Modal markers are found in the pre-subject slot 1,\npost-subject slots 3 and 4, and clause-final slot 8. \nBisa ‘can’ occurs clause-finally following conditional markers to\nexpress general possibility\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bisa0\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bisa0\">[exe:bisa0]</a>). After the subject, it\nexpresses possibility or ability\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bisa3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bisa3\">[exe:bisa3]</a>). In biclausal conditional\nclauses, as in example(<a href=\"#exe:bisa2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bisa2\">[exe:bisa2]</a>), bisa precedes the\nsubject. Bisa also precedes the subject in questions,\nlike(<a href=\"#exe:bisa2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bisa2\">[exe:bisa2]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \njadi ter nan-ere bisa kai nan-ere bisa\nso tea consume-<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> can medicine\ndrink-<span class=\"smallcaps\">cond</span> can\n‘So if \\[you\\] drink it as tea that’s possible or if \\[you\\] drink it as\nmedicine that’s possible.’ <span id=\"exe:bisa0\"\nlabel=\"exe:bisa0\"></span> an mat gerket ka bisa nan ye ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> ask\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> can consume or not\n‘I asked him: “Can you eat or not?”’ <span id=\"exe:bisa3\"\nlabel=\"exe:bisa3\"></span> Kalau warkin kararaet bisa. Warkin kararaet\nbisa pi wangga marmar=et.\nkalau warkin kararak=et bisa warkin kararak=et bisa pi wangga\nmarmar=et\nif tide dry=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> can tide\ndry=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> can\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.lat</span>\nwalk=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘If the tide is low, it’s possible. If the tide is low, we can walk from\nhere.’ <span id=\"exe:bisa2\" label=\"exe:bisa2\"></span> bisa mu\nkosom=i koyet ye ge\ncan <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nsmoke=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish or not\n‘Can they smoke it all or not?’ \n</div> \nHarus ‘must’ expresses necessity, and usually occurs after the subject\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:welbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:welbon\">[exe:welbon]</a>). Like bisa ‘can’, it\nprecedes the subject in conditional clauses,\nsee(<a href=\"#exe:watjie\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:watjie\">[exe:watjie]</a>). It is also sometimes used\nwithout the predicate it is supposed to modify, presumably when the\nevent to which the main verb refers is clear from the context, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:harus1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:harus1\">[exe:harus1]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwele harus sor=bon sor=nan harus wele=bon\nvegetables must fish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> fish=too must\nvegetables=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n‘Vegetables must be with fish, fish must be with vegetables.’\n<span id=\"exe:welbon\" label=\"exe:welbon\"></span> \nkalau kabor-un nain ko\\<yo\\>yal=te nain=kap=et me harus mu wat\njie=ta\nif stomach-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> like\ndisturbed\\<<span class=\"smallcaps\">atten</span>\\>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nlike=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> must\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.obj</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘If the stomach is like it’s disturbed, they have to get this.’\n<span id=\"exe:watjie\" label=\"exe:watjie\"></span> kariak sara nakal=ko\nharus kai_modar\nblood ascend head=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span> must\nmarungga_tree\n‘\\[If\\] blood goes up to the head, \\[you\\] must \\[use\\] marungga tree.’\n<span id=\"exe:harus1\" label=\"exe:harus1\"></span> \n</div> \nReon ‘maybe’ expresses uncertainty or possibility and occurs\nclause-finally with verbal and non-verbal predicates, and modifies the\nwhole clause. An example with a non-verbal predicate is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:reon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:reon\">[exe:reon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon siun wilak=ko yuwa reon\none edge sea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> maybe\n‘The one here on the edge on the sea-side maybe?’ <span id=\"exe:reon\"\nlabel=\"exe:reon\"></span> \n</div> \nGen ‘maybe’ also expresses uncertainty or possibility and follows the\nsubject, as in(<a href=\"#exe:gen\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gen\">[exe:gen]</a>). Apart from its position in the\nclause, there is no difference in meaning. Gen, like reon, modifies\nthe entire clause. It is unclear whether gen and reon can co-occur. \n<span id=\"exe:gen\" label=\"exe:gen\"></span> ma gen sara tabai-jie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> maybe ascend tobacco-buy\n‘Maybe he came up to buy tobacco?’ \nThere are not enough data to determine the mutual order of these and\naspectual markers se and tok, which are also post-subject. The\ncorpus contains six instances of different modal markers followed by\nse (1x bisa se, 5x gen se, no examples with tok), and two\ninstances of se or tok followed by different modal markers (1x tok\nbisa, 1x se gen). \nThe two negative modal markers behave slightly differently. Eranun\n‘cannot’ triggers nominalisation of the verb it modifies, and follows\nthat nominalised verb. In a few cases, eranun stands in a clause on\nits own (following comma intonation). In that case, the preceding clause\nhas a normal verbal predicate, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:siendaet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:siendaet\">[exe:siendaet]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan ki=at rup-un eranun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl=obj</span>\nhelp-<span class=\"smallcaps\">nmlz</span> cannot\n‘I cannot help you.’ <span id=\"exe:ruwune\" label=\"exe:ruwune\"></span> Mu\nkoi bo siendaet, eranun.\nmu koi bo sien=taet eranun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> again go sharpen=again\nbe_impossible\n‘They went to sharpen \\[their axes\\] again. It was impossible.’\n<span id=\"exe:siendaet\" label=\"exe:siendaet\"></span> \n</div> \nThe construction suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> ‘not like; not want’ usually appears\nas the only verb-like element in the clause, but must refer to a\npreceding proposition.[^89] If combined with a verb in the same clause,\nthe verb is negated with negator =nin, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:amatmu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:amatmu\">[exe:amatmu]</a>). The positive counterparts\nof suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> ‘not like; not want’ are irrealis\nmarker =kin, which can also be used to express volition, and lo ‘to\nwant; to consent’. These are described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:lexicalneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lexicalneg\">[sec:lexicalneg]</a>\nand§<a href=\"#sec:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kin\">[sec:kin]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ncanam opa me mat narorar ba lek suka-un ge\nman <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> drag but goat\nwant-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> not\n‘That man drags it, but the goat doesn’t want \\[to be dragged\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:rarba\" label=\"exe:rarba\"></span> ma se suka-un am=at\nmu ∅=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwant-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\nbreast=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘She doesn’t want to give them breast \\[milk\\] any more.’\n<span id=\"exe:amatmu\" label=\"exe:amatmu\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 79, "level": "low_resource", "question": "The marungga tree has become big.", "split": "train" }
Wiseme mu bo gainkajie kuarte na.	Before, they went to pick mangosteen to cook and eat.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Before, they went to pick mangosteen to cook and eat.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Before\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: before too long\nKalamang translation: tikninda\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Before\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: day before yesterday\nKalamang translation: keitar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"they\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thermos\nKalamang translation: termus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"they\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: then\nKalamang translation: baru; eba; koi; mera; siktak; terus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"went\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: twenty\nKalamang translation: purir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"went\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tent\nKalamang translation: garumbang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"pick\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pick\nKalamang translation: kajie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"pick\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pick fruits\nKalamang translation: sanggotma\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mangosteen\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mango tree\nKalamang translation: wie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mangosteen\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mangosteen\nKalamang translation: gain\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cook\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cooked\nKalamang translation: ruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cook\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cook\nKalamang translation: kuar; muawaruo; pau\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"eat\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"eat\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: eat\nKalamang translation: bolkoyal; muap; mus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Before\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Before, they fetched water with a spoon.\nKalamang translation: Wiseme mu gusigia perjie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Before\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Before, if they danced, they had to use the gong.\nKalamang translation: Wise me mu nasulaet me malikan mangmanggat napakiet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"they\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: First time they came they didn't know people yet.\nKalamang translation: Giarun mu lukta mu tok sontumat komahal.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"they\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Taros they sell at Fakfak: one heap fifty thousand (rupiah).\nKalamang translation: Manadu mu Pakpao parinda tumpuk konde ripi purap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"went\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tol's mother and family went to the mainland first, we went last.\nKalamang translation: Tol emun mu borani distrika mara eba in epka mara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"went\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi went to Fakfak too.\nKalamang translation: Bobinan Pakpaka bot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"pick\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They are picking gogit leaves to cook.\nKalamang translation: Mu gogit olunat parua kuar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"pick\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We go pick shells.\nKalamang translation: In bo tabuonkajie reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mangosteen\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That mango is still sour.\nKalamang translation: Wie yume tok mor.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mangosteen\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The kids are throwing stones at the mangos.\nKalamang translation: Tumtum yargi wiat mudi.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cook\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother is pestling chilli, she wants to cook fish with that.\nKalamang translation: Salima emun lenggalengga naloli minggi sor kuarkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cook\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's mother and friends buy beans to cook porridge to give to the kids.\nKalamang translation: Nabil emun mu kawuokjie bubirkuarte di tumtumgin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"eat\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The meat, the cat has eaten it from the tabletop.\nKalamang translation: Dagim sikana sor meja kerunggoat na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"eat\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'll eat you whole.\nKalamang translation: An kat nani maoyet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:kin\" label=\"sec:kin\"></span> Volitional mood enclitic\n=kin attaches to the predicate. It is mainly used to express plans and\nwishes, as well as events that are about to happen. The different uses\nof =kin are exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin\">[exe:kin]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:kin2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin2\">[exe:kin2]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin\">[exe:kin]</a>) expresses a plan or wish.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kintoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kintoni\">[exe:kintoni]</a>), the common use of\n=kin with toni ‘want’ is illustrated.[^83] The phrase\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kinabout\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kinabout\">[exe:kinabout]</a>) is used to describe\nthe twelfth picture in the Family problems picture task , where a\nchild is falling out of its mother’s arms, and illustrates the\nprospective use of =kin.\n(<a href=\"#exe:kin2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin2\">[exe:kin2]</a>) is the first utterance in a\ntext where a woman explains how to make a basket. It can be interpreted\nas an action that is about to happen (at least in the speaker’s mind) or\nas a plan. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kin\" label=\"exe:kin\"></span> bal napikir an sor=at\nnat=kin\ndog think <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘The dog thinks: “I want to eat the fish”.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kintoni\" label=\"exe:kintoni\"></span> an se toni\nmin=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwant sleep=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘I already wanted to sleep.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kinabout\" label=\"exe:kinabout\"></span> tumun tur=kin\nchild fall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘The child is about to fall.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kin2\" label=\"exe:kin2\"></span> kiem=at paruot=kin\nbasket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘\\[How to\\] make a basket.’ \n</div> \nVolitional =kin can be followed by progressive aspect marker =teba\n(§<a href=\"#sec:teba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:teba\">[sec:teba]</a>), also an enclitic on the\npredicate. The combination expresses that a plan is in progress.[^84] \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan toni mu bo os-rep=kin=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> think\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> go\nsand-get=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘I thought they went to get sand.’ <span id=\"exe:orsep\"\nlabel=\"exe:orsep\"></span> \n</div> \n(An example of volitional =kin and irrealis =et can be found\nin(<a href=\"#exe:saor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:saor\">[exe:saor]</a>) in\n§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>.) \nIn complex predicates, volitional =kin comes on the last constituent\nof the predicate and has scope over the entire action or event, such as\nthe construction kuru masara ‘bring towards land’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:botak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:botak\">[exe:botak]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu se taruo toni mena Botak kiun=at kuru masarat=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay say later Botak wife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> bring\nmove_landwards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘They already said that soon Botak will bring his wife.\n<span id=\"exe:botak\" label=\"exe:botak\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:relcla\" label=\"sec:relcla\"></span> A relative clause is a\nNP modifier in which one of the arguments corefers the head noun.\nKalamang does not have a dedicated relative clause marker, but relative\nclauses may be marked with the attributive marker =ten\n(§<a href=\"#sec:attr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:attr\">[sec:attr]</a>). Most attributive examples in\n§<a href=\"#sec:attr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:attr\">[sec:attr]</a>, which are with intransitive\nverbs, may be paraphrased as a relative clause. \nWhat is expressed by relativised clauses in some languages is typically\ndone with biclausal constructions or non-final constructions in\nKalamang. This is reflected in elicitation.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:jenden\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:jenden\">[exe:jenden]</a>), the speaker was asked for\na translation of ‘this thing I bought was bad’ (Malay barang ini yang\nsaya beli tidak bagus), and gave a biclausal construction linked by\nconjunction ba ‘but’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:komeraa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:komeraa\">[exe:komeraa]</a>) is the translation given\nfor ‘the children that I saw went to sea’ (Malay anak yang saya lihat\npi di laut), and is a biclausal construction involving the verb kome\n‘to see’ marked with non-final =ta. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ndon wa=at=a an jien ba ten\nthing <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> buy but bad\n‘This thing, I bought \\[it\\] but \\[it\\] is bad.’ <span id=\"exe:jenden\"\nlabel=\"exe:jenden\"></span> tumun opa me an kome=ta, mu wilak=ka\nmarua\nchild <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nsee=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> move_seawards\n‘Having seen those children, they went to sea.’ <span id=\"exe:komeraa\"\nlabel=\"exe:komeraa\"></span> \n</div> \nThere are a few indications, however, that relativisation of clauses\nheaded by transitive verbs is possible. There is one natural spoken\ncorpus example that seems to display a relativisation of the object of a\ntransitive clause. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsom=a tama=ba tamat-un=at nasibur=ten ma tok tamat=at koi naputus\nperson=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nrecital_end-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\nrecite=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> first\nrecital_end=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> then cut\n‘Whoever is reciting the end of their recital, he cuts off the end of\nthe recital.’ \n</div> \nIn elicitation with pictures of two or three people performing different\nactions, one of which had an object (e.g. a flower) on their head,\nspeakers sometimes opted to answer the question ‘where is the\n\\[object\\]?’ with a relative clause. Only subjects occur as the\nantecedent of the relativised clause. Note that the dependent marked\nwith =ten precedes the head, whereas in attributive constructions\n(discussed in §<a href=\"#sec:attr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:attr\">[sec:attr]</a>) it follows the head. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbunga pas gol=at sempang=ten nakal keirunggo\nflower woman ball=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nkick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span> head on_top_of\n‘The flower is on the head of the woman who kicks the ball.’\n<span id=\"exe:golats\" label=\"exe:golats\"></span> kawir canam im=at\nnan=ten nakal keirunggo\nhat man banana=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span> head on_top_of\n‘The hat is on the head of the man who eats the banana.’ \n</div> \nHowever, biclausal alternatives are also frequently found in such a\ntask, as in the following two examples. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbunga wa me pas nakal kerunggo pas opa me botal=at sempang\nflower <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> woman head on_top_of woman\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbottle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> kick\n‘This flower is on the woman’s head. That woman kicks a bottle.’ kuda\neir kon me bunga nakal keirunggo kon me ge\nhorse two one <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> flower head on_top_of\none <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> not\n‘There are two horses. One has a flower on its head. One doesn’t.’ \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Before, they went to pick mangosteen to cook and eat.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Wiseme mu bo gainkajie kuarte na.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Wiseme mu bo gainkajie kuarte na.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Mood, aspect and modality marking", "Header 3": "Mood", "Header 4": "Volitional =kin ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>’" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:kin\" label=\"sec:kin\"></span> Volitional mood enclitic\n=kin attaches to the predicate. It is mainly used to express plans and\nwishes, as well as events that are about to happen. The different uses\nof =kin are exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin\">[exe:kin]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:kin2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin2\">[exe:kin2]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin\">[exe:kin]</a>) expresses a plan or wish.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:kintoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kintoni\">[exe:kintoni]</a>), the common use of\n=kin with toni ‘want’ is illustrated.[^83] The phrase\nin(<a href=\"#exe:kinabout\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kinabout\">[exe:kinabout]</a>) is used to describe\nthe twelfth picture in the Family problems picture task , where a\nchild is falling out of its mother’s arms, and illustrates the\nprospective use of =kin.\n(<a href=\"#exe:kin2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kin2\">[exe:kin2]</a>) is the first utterance in a\ntext where a woman explains how to make a basket. It can be interpreted\nas an action that is about to happen (at least in the speaker’s mind) or\nas a plan. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kin\" label=\"exe:kin\"></span> bal napikir an sor=at\nnat=kin\ndog think <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘The dog thinks: “I want to eat the fish”.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kintoni\" label=\"exe:kintoni\"></span> an se toni\nmin=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nwant sleep=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘I already wanted to sleep.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kinabout\" label=\"exe:kinabout\"></span> tumun tur=kin\nchild fall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘The child is about to fall.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:kin2\" label=\"exe:kin2\"></span> kiem=at paruot=kin\nbasket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘\\[How to\\] make a basket.’ \n</div> \nVolitional =kin can be followed by progressive aspect marker =teba\n(§<a href=\"#sec:teba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:teba\">[sec:teba]</a>), also an enclitic on the\npredicate. The combination expresses that a plan is in progress.[^84] \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan toni mu bo os-rep=kin=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> think\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> go\nsand-get=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘I thought they went to get sand.’ <span id=\"exe:orsep\"\nlabel=\"exe:orsep\"></span> \n</div> \n(An example of volitional =kin and irrealis =et can be found\nin(<a href=\"#exe:saor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:saor\">[exe:saor]</a>) in\n§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>.) \nIn complex predicates, volitional =kin comes on the last constituent\nof the predicate and has scope over the entire action or event, such as\nthe construction kuru masara ‘bring towards land’\nin(<a href=\"#exe:botak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:botak\">[exe:botak]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmu se taruo toni mena Botak kiun=at kuru masarat=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay say later Botak wife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span> bring\nmove_landwards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘They already said that soon Botak will bring his wife.\n<span id=\"exe:botak\" label=\"exe:botak\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Nouns, noun phrases and postpositional phrases", "Header 2": "Noun phrase structure", "Header 3": "Relative clauses", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:relcla\" label=\"sec:relcla\"></span> A relative clause is a\nNP modifier in which one of the arguments corefers the head noun.\nKalamang does not have a dedicated relative clause marker, but relative\nclauses may be marked with the attributive marker =ten\n(§<a href=\"#sec:attr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:attr\">[sec:attr]</a>). Most attributive examples in\n§<a href=\"#sec:attr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:attr\">[sec:attr]</a>, which are with intransitive\nverbs, may be paraphrased as a relative clause. \nWhat is expressed by relativised clauses in some languages is typically\ndone with biclausal constructions or non-final constructions in\nKalamang. This is reflected in elicitation.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:jenden\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:jenden\">[exe:jenden]</a>), the speaker was asked for\na translation of ‘this thing I bought was bad’ (Malay barang ini yang\nsaya beli tidak bagus), and gave a biclausal construction linked by\nconjunction ba ‘but’.\n(<a href=\"#exe:komeraa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:komeraa\">[exe:komeraa]</a>) is the translation given\nfor ‘the children that I saw went to sea’ (Malay anak yang saya lihat\npi di laut), and is a biclausal construction involving the verb kome\n‘to see’ marked with non-final =ta. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ndon wa=at=a an jien ba ten\nthing <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> buy but bad\n‘This thing, I bought \\[it\\] but \\[it\\] is bad.’ <span id=\"exe:jenden\"\nlabel=\"exe:jenden\"></span> tumun opa me an kome=ta, mu wilak=ka\nmarua\nchild <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nsee=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> move_seawards\n‘Having seen those children, they went to sea.’ <span id=\"exe:komeraa\"\nlabel=\"exe:komeraa\"></span> \n</div> \nThere are a few indications, however, that relativisation of clauses\nheaded by transitive verbs is possible. There is one natural spoken\ncorpus example that seems to display a relativisation of the object of a\ntransitive clause. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nsom=a tama=ba tamat-un=at nasibur=ten ma tok tamat=at koi naputus\nperson=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nrecital_end-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\nrecite=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> first\nrecital_end=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> then cut\n‘Whoever is reciting the end of their recital, he cuts off the end of\nthe recital.’ \n</div> \nIn elicitation with pictures of two or three people performing different\nactions, one of which had an object (e.g. a flower) on their head,\nspeakers sometimes opted to answer the question ‘where is the\n\\[object\\]?’ with a relative clause. Only subjects occur as the\nantecedent of the relativised clause. Note that the dependent marked\nwith =ten precedes the head, whereas in attributive constructions\n(discussed in §<a href=\"#sec:attr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:attr\">[sec:attr]</a>) it follows the head. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbunga pas gol=at sempang=ten nakal keirunggo\nflower woman ball=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nkick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span> head on_top_of\n‘The flower is on the head of the woman who kicks the ball.’\n<span id=\"exe:golats\" label=\"exe:golats\"></span> kawir canam im=at\nnan=ten nakal keirunggo\nhat man banana=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span> head on_top_of\n‘The hat is on the head of the man who eats the banana.’ \n</div> \nHowever, biclausal alternatives are also frequently found in such a\ntask, as in the following two examples. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbunga wa me pas nakal kerunggo pas opa me botal=at sempang\nflower <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> woman head on_top_of woman\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbottle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> kick\n‘This flower is on the woman’s head. That woman kicks a bottle.’ kuda\neir kon me bunga nakal keirunggo kon me ge\nhorse two one <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> flower head on_top_of\none <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> not\n‘There are two horses. One has a flower on its head. One doesn’t.’ \n</div>" } ], "index": 80, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Before, they went to pick mangosteen to cook and eat.", "split": "train" }
Ma borani narorik.	He ran aground first.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: He ran aground first.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"He\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: receive\nKalamang translation: tarima\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"He\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ran\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: arrange\nKalamang translation: ator\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"ran\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: koran verse\nKalamang translation: yasin\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"aground\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fly around\nKalamang translation: pulpulkon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"aground\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: run aground\nKalamang translation: narorik; narur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"first\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: firstborn\nKalamang translation: ma temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"first\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: first\nKalamang translation: giarun; tok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"He\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He wants to go to school but he doesn't have a book.\nKalamang translation: Ma sekolain ba buk saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"He\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He shook his body, his soil scattered.\nKalamang translation: Ma kadenunat muk, naunun nasuarik.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ran\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Two cormorants flew over there.\nKalamang translation: Lamora kasamin erir pararuoni owangga bot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"ran\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"aground\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.\nKalamang translation: Tamandi emun kiwat semda bo dalangdalang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"aground\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Hairul is steering the motor boat sailing around.\nKalamang translation: Hairul yonsongat kinkinde tiri naurar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"first\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'll comb my hear first.\nKalamang translation: An tok nakalanat sisiret.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"first\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I don't want to go in the front, you go first.\nKalamang translation: An sukaun boraratnin, ka borarei.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:pronref\" label=\"sec:pronref\"></span> Kalamang pronouns\ndistinguish between first, second and third person and between singular,\ndual and plural number. They also have a clusivity distinction in the\nfirst-person dual and plural. There are five series of pronouns, listed\nin Table<a href=\"#tab:pronouns\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:pronouns\">[tab:pronouns]</a>: basic pronouns,\nquantifying pronouns, restricting pronouns, collective pronouns and\npossessive pronouns. The basic pronouns are free-standing forms; person\nand number are not marked on the verb in general. Dual pronouns are\nformed by suffixing -ier to the plural basic pronouns. The basic\npronouns are the only pronouns that have a dual form. There are two\nseries of pronouns made with suffixes that roughly mean ‘alone’ or\n‘self’. The -(ah)utak series has a quantifying reading, whereas the\n-tain series has a restrictive or contrastive focus meaning.\nCollective pronouns are only available for plural forms, and are formed\nby suffixing -(nV)ninggan to the basic pronouns. Kalamang possessive\npronouns consist of the basic pronouns plus an element -gon\n(first-person singular and first-person plural exclusive) or -in\n(other forms). \nThe phonological form of basic pronouns shows a pattern across\nnumber/person. First-person forms end in /n/ (except for the\nfirst-person inclusive, which has initial /p/), second-person forms\nstart with /k/ and third person forms start with /m/. All singular\npronouns have the vowel /a/. Plural pronouns have /i/ or /u/. \nNote that the restricting series with -(ah)utak has variable\npronunciation with /h/ and /s/, such that the suffix may be \\[aˈhutak̚\\]\nor \\[aˈsutak̚\\] (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:debucc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:debucc\">[sec:debucc]</a>). Pronunciation with /h/ is\nmore common than with /s/. /h/ or /a/ and /h/ may also be omitted,\nresulting in \\[aˈutak̚\\] or \\[ˈutak̚\\], which are the more common\nrealisations of the suffix. Variable pronunciation is also found for the\ncollective pronouns, where the suffixed part may be \\[naˈniŋgan\\],\n\\[aˈniŋgan\\], \\[niˈniŋgan\\] or \\[ˈniŋgan\\]. \nThird-person singular ma may also refer to inanimates. Third-person\nplural mu does not occur with reference to inanimates. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npadanual=at potman mat parair\npandanus=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> cut\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> cut\n‘\\[You\\] cut the pandanus, split it...’ <span id=\"exe:manmat\"\nlabel=\"exe:manmat\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: He ran aground first.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Ma borani narorik.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Ma borani narorik.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:pronref\" label=\"sec:pronref\"></span> Kalamang pronouns\ndistinguish between first, second and third person and between singular,\ndual and plural number. They also have a clusivity distinction in the\nfirst-person dual and plural. There are five series of pronouns, listed\nin Table<a href=\"#tab:pronouns\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:pronouns\">[tab:pronouns]</a>: basic pronouns,\nquantifying pronouns, restricting pronouns, collective pronouns and\npossessive pronouns. The basic pronouns are free-standing forms; person\nand number are not marked on the verb in general. Dual pronouns are\nformed by suffixing -ier to the plural basic pronouns. The basic\npronouns are the only pronouns that have a dual form. There are two\nseries of pronouns made with suffixes that roughly mean ‘alone’ or\n‘self’. The -(ah)utak series has a quantifying reading, whereas the\n-tain series has a restrictive or contrastive focus meaning.\nCollective pronouns are only available for plural forms, and are formed\nby suffixing -(nV)ninggan to the basic pronouns. Kalamang possessive\npronouns consist of the basic pronouns plus an element -gon\n(first-person singular and first-person plural exclusive) or -in\n(other forms). \nThe phonological form of basic pronouns shows a pattern across\nnumber/person. First-person forms end in /n/ (except for the\nfirst-person inclusive, which has initial /p/), second-person forms\nstart with /k/ and third person forms start with /m/. All singular\npronouns have the vowel /a/. Plural pronouns have /i/ or /u/. \nNote that the restricting series with -(ah)utak has variable\npronunciation with /h/ and /s/, such that the suffix may be \\[aˈhutak̚\\]\nor \\[aˈsutak̚\\] (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:debucc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:debucc\">[sec:debucc]</a>). Pronunciation with /h/ is\nmore common than with /s/. /h/ or /a/ and /h/ may also be omitted,\nresulting in \\[aˈutak̚\\] or \\[ˈutak̚\\], which are the more common\nrealisations of the suffix. Variable pronunciation is also found for the\ncollective pronouns, where the suffixed part may be \\[naˈniŋgan\\],\n\\[aˈniŋgan\\], \\[niˈniŋgan\\] or \\[ˈniŋgan\\]. \nThird-person singular ma may also refer to inanimates. Third-person\nplural mu does not occur with reference to inanimates. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npadanual=at potman mat parair\npandanus=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> cut\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span> cut\n‘\\[You\\] cut the pandanus, split it...’ <span id=\"exe:manmat\"\nlabel=\"exe:manmat\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Wordlist", "Header 2": "Wordlist Kalamang-English", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut" } ], "index": 81, "level": "low_resource", "question": "He ran aground first.", "split": "train" }
Kawarsuop yar nerunggo.	There's an eel in the stone.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: There's an eel in the stone.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"There\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like here\nKalamang translation: owandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"There\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: up there\nKalamang translation: osatko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"an\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: clean pandanus\nKalamang translation: us\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"an\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: at an angle\nKalamang translation: kaling\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"eel\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: eel\nKalamang translation: baluku; gulas; kawarsuop; suopkaling\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"eel\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: striped eel catfish\nKalamang translation: kadam\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"in\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tuck in\nKalamang translation: nasuat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"in\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: parent in law\nKalamang translation: ketan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"stone\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: stone axe\nKalamang translation: lemyar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"stone\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: stone wall\nKalamang translation: yatal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"There\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There was an earthquake, I felt it.\nKalamang translation: Leng dekta an narasa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"There\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are no lontar palms here.\nKalamang translation: Naiar me watko saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"an\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They go live in an empty place.\nKalamang translation: Mu bo go saerak tua reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"an\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Malik has an illness in his veins.\nKalamang translation: Malik kaden kiesun ning.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"eel\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm mad at her, I don't feel good about her.\nKalamang translation: An mat kademor, an mat ninan kurang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"eel\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: (If) I look at food I already feel full.\nKalamang translation: An muawat komera an se narasa kabor.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"in\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Of rabbitfish, there are many in the soft coral.\nKalamang translation: Malkesi me ram nerunggo reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"in\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Place that rack in the light.\nKalamang translation: Rak yume di goraruo maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"stone\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: An ibis is watching fish standing on a stone.\nKalamang translation: Kurua kona yarkeitko mambara sorara jaga.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"stone\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The kids are throwing stones at the mangos.\nKalamang translation: Tumtum yargi wiat mudi.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:discme\" label=\"sec:discme\"></span>\n<span id=\"sec:clauseinme\" label=\"sec:clauseinme\"></span> Me is a topic\nmarker that follows either the NP/PP or the predicate. A topic marker is\nan “entity that the speaker identifies, about which information (...) is\nthen given” . It is the starting point of an utterance with presupposed\ninformation that is then commented on . When me follows a NP or PP,\nthe NP or PP is topicalised. When me follows the predicate, the whole\nclause is topicalised, for example by making it conditional. Anti-topics\n(specified or reactivated topics) are not marked morphologically, but by\nplacing the anti-topic at the right edge of the clause, as described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>. In the examples in this section,\nthe topicalised constituents are given within square brackets. \nMe can be used after a NP or PP to mark it as the topic in clauses\nwith a verbal (see <a href=\"#exe:metrans\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:metrans\">[exe:metrans]</a>,\n<a href=\"#exe:mepron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mepron\">[exe:mepron]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:mestat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mestat\">[exe:mestat]</a>), nominal (see\n<a href=\"#exe:menom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menom\">[exe:menom]</a>), quantifier (see\n<a href=\"#exe:mequant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mequant\">[exe:mequant]</a>) or locative (see\n<a href=\"#exe:meloc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meloc\">[exe:meloc]</a>) predicate, but is not\nobligatory in any of these contexts. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme buok=at kuru bara pier=ki bes to\nwoman Netherlands-woman <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbetel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bring descend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.in=ben</span> good right\n‘The Dutchwoman brought down betel for us, good, right?’ (Context:\nsubject is given but not recently mentioned.) <span id=\"exe:metrans\"\nlabel=\"exe:metrans\"></span> me an se kat percai=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nbelieve=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for you, I don’t believe you any more.’ <span id=\"exe:mepron\"\nlabel=\"exe:mepron\"></span> ki Tanggor=ka=ta rar \\[Tanggor\\] me\nmambon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nTanggor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span> Tanggor\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘You go to Tanggor, at Tanggor there are \\[fish\\].’ (Context: Tanggor is\ngiven, in this very example.) <span id=\"exe:mestat\"\nlabel=\"exe:mestat\"></span> me mungkin berupa jim\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> maybe be_a_form_of jinn\n‘That woman is maybe a kind of jinn.’ (Context: description of a\nvideo. The woman has been mentioned; this is a comment about her\nidentity.) <span id=\"exe:menom\" label=\"exe:menom\"></span> me eir\neh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntwo <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘These are two, right?’ (Context: learning to weave a basket, pointing\nat strips of material in the teacher’s hand.) <span id=\"exe:mequant\"\nlabel=\"exe:mequant\"></span> me kewe-un=ko\nchildren two <span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘Two children are in their house.’ (Context: frog story. Children have\nbeen mentioned; description of a new page in the book.)\n<span id=\"exe:meloc\" label=\"exe:meloc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe topic marker follows postpositions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:finbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:finbon\">[exe:finbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:komeneko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:komeneko\">[exe:komeneko]</a>). Topicalised objects\nlack object postposition =at\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bobmun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bobmun\">[exe:bobmun]</a>). The topic marker is\ntypically used following NPs or PPs that refer to given referents. It\ncan also topicalise a time adverbial\n(example<a href=\"#exe:ambun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ambun\">[exe:ambun]</a>). Another way to mark topics,\nwhich may be combined with topic marker me, is fronting of the\ntopicalised constituent (§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme nat=nin\nArifin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nMei=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nconsum=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Arifin and Mei don’t eat.’ <span id=\"exe:finbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:finbon\"></span> me lempuang-tumun wilak=ko me neko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> island-child\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> inside\n‘Here, the small island inside the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:komeneko\"\nlabel=\"exe:komeneko\"></span> <sub>Obj</sub> me Bobi emun=a kona\nchildren few <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Bobi\nmother=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> see\n‘A few children, Bobi’s mother saw \\[them\\].’ <span id=\"exe:bobmun\"\nlabel=\"exe:bobmun\"></span> kier Luis=bon \\[kasur\\] me bo\nsor-sanggara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span>\nLuis=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> go fish-search\n‘(As for) tomorrow, you and Luis go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:ambun\"\nlabel=\"exe:ambun\"></span> \n</div> \nMore seldomly, new participants are introduced with me. This is\nlimited to unimportant participants.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:sikank\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikank\">[exe:sikank]</a>), the cat is introduced; it\nis not mentioned thereafter, and is only used in the story as a prop to\ncreate a slightly threatening atmosphere. In examples of the type\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wameta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wameta\">[exe:wameta]</a>), where properties of\nreferents are described out of context, me is also used, often\ncombined with a demonstrative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme in=at tiri pareir\ncat one <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=obj</span> run follow\n‘A cat ran after us.’ (Context: a story about going to someone’s house,\nfirst mention of the cat.) <span id=\"exe:sikank\"\nlabel=\"exe:sikank\"></span> me tabusik\ntree <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> short\n‘This tree is short.’ (Context: no context, elicitation, transl. of\nMalay pohon ini pendek ‘this tree is short’.) <span id=\"exe:wameta\"\nlabel=\"exe:wameta\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few instances, me marks two referents in the same clause.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:anmed\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anmed\">[exe:anmed]</a>), the second instance of me\ncould alternately be analysed as a distal demonstrative (but would still\nbe topicalised because it is fronted), but\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lekop\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lekop\">[exe:lekop]</a>) the analysis seems untlikely\nto fit, as there is already a demonstrative modifying each noun.\nAnalysing me as a definite marker also does not fit, as it does not\nappear consistently on anaphoric definites (referents that have been\nmentioned in the text). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme \\[don\\] me ka an ∅=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nthing <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for me, and as for that thing, you didn’t give \\[it\\] to me.’\n<span id=\"exe:anmed\" label=\"exe:anmed\"></span> me \\[afokat opa\\]\nme kona\ngoat <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> avocado\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nsee\n‘That goat sees those avocados.’ <span id=\"exe:lekop\"\nlabel=\"exe:lekop\"></span> \n</div> \nMe is also very common after the predicate, topicalising the entire\nclause. In most cases, this predicate carries irrealis =et\n(§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>) or non-final =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMustafa esun toni \\[ka ruot=et\\] me kamun naun=saet=in\nMustafa father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\nearth=only=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n‘Mustafa’s father said if you go digging, don’t \\[bring\\] earth only.’\n<span id=\"exe:ruretme\" label=\"exe:ruretme\"></span> pulor opa \\[ka\ntu=ta\\] me tama-ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere-<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf \\[that\\] you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:pulor\" label=\"exe:pulor\"></span> newer=i\nkoyet, \\[mindi=ta\\] me mier se marua\npay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n‘After paying, they went seawards.’ <span id=\"exe:mindita\"\nlabel=\"exe:mindita\"></span> \n</div> \nThe combination of irrealis =et followed by me is also seen in\npre-posed topic constructions as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eiretme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiretme\">[exe:eiretme]</a>). This is an unusual way\nto present a topic: it is much more common to do so without =et. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme ma se taraouk\nkind_of_fish two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> store\n‘As for those two siadas, he had already stored \\[them\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:eiretme\" label=\"exe:eiretme\"></span> \n</div> \nTopic marker me is homophonous with distal demonstrative me, and has\nlikely developed from it. Demonstratives are known to develop into topic\nmarkers .[^93] They have also been shown to have clause-combining and\ndiscourse-structuring functions . The Kalamang process of\ngrammaticalisation is likely ongoing, judging by the various uses of\nme sketched in this section, and moving away from a demonstrative use,\njudging by its few occurrences as an ordinary exophoric demonstrative. \nThere are also a considerable number of occurrences of me at the\nbeginning of a clause, whose function cannot be determined based on the\ncurrently available data. There are various possible analyses: it can be\nshort for mera ‘then, so’, mena ‘later, otherwise’, it can be a\nfiller,[^94] or it can be a specific use of topic marker or distal\ndemonstrative me. The following four examples show two subsequent\nutterances each, where the second utterance starts with me. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu toni kasur yuwa=ba seng paku=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> want tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nroof nail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They want to nail the roof tomorow.’ me sobas=ta me di=saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\ndawn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘? in the morning, put \\[carry it\\] up.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmier se bara sabua nerunggo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndescend tent inside\n‘They go down into the tent.’ me mu mu=at bon taluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=obj</span> bring exit\n‘? they bring them out.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kor opa se duk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> leg\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbump_into\n‘They already bumped that leg into something.’ me mera kasian Rani\nemun toni ...\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> then anyway Rani\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n‘? then anyway, Rani’s mother said...’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan se mara ki perusahan=ka bot=kin=ta me\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\ncompany=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘I went to sea: “Are you going to the mainland \\[lit. to the\ncompany\\]?”’ me an se mara me eh suol-ca se bes o bes mera\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.quot</span>\nback-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n‘? I went to sea like: “How is your back?” “Oh fine, of course.”’ \n</div> \n</div> \nMuch remains to be investigated regarding the exact functions of\nKalamang me. For example, a more thorough analysis is needed to\nunderstand what guides the use vs. non-use of me with new and given\nreferents, with non-verbal predicates, and when combining clauses.\nAlthough me is one of the most frequent words in the corpus, which\nmeans there is a relative wealth of data available, the mechanisms that\nregulate its use seem quite refined, and a more sophisticated analysis\nis therefore outside the scope of this grammar.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:asyndetic\" label=\"sec:asyndetic\"></span> Asyndetic\nconjunction is the juxtaposition of two clauses without an overt\ncoordination. This is the most common way to conjoin clauses, and is not\nconnected to a special function. The relation between asyndetically\nconjoined clauses is rather expressed through intonation. If the first\nclause ends in a high boundary tone (H%), this indicates that it is a\nnon-final clause (§<a href=\"#sec:nonfinal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonfinal\">4.3.3.2</a>), which combined with\nasyndetic conjunction indicates a sequential relationship between the\nclauses. This is illustrated in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:kurubotatko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:kurubotatko\">16.1</a>, where the speaker relates a\nsequence of events from the day before. While the second and third\nclause contain words that indicate we are dealing with sequential events\n(koyet ‘finished’, see §<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>, and koi ‘then; again’, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:seqconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:seqconj\">[sec:seqconj]</a>), the first clause is\ntruly asyndetically conjoined to the second. It remains unclear what the\ndifference is between asyndetically conjoined clauses and clauses\nconjoined with sequential conjunctions\n(§<a href=\"#sec:seqconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:seqconj\">[sec:seqconj]</a>). \n<figure id=\"fig:kurubotatko\">\n<img src=\"Images/kurubotatko\" />\n<figcaption>Asyndetic conjunction of sequential events with a high\nboundary tone</figcaption>\n</figure> \nA low boundary tone on the first clause (L%) indicates a declarative\nclause. The following clause typically starts a new paragraph in a\nstory. There may or may not be a sequential relationship between the\nclauses. In the narrative section in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:anseparar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:anseparar\">16.2</a>, which precedes the section in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:kurubotatko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:kurubotatko\">16.1</a> in the same narrative, there\nis a sequential relationship between the juxtaposed clauses. A new\nparagraph in the story is started: the events of a new day are related. \n<figure id=\"fig:anseparar\">\n<img src=\"Images/anseparar\" />\n<figcaption>Asyndetic conjunction of sequential events with a low\nboundary tone</figcaption>\n</figure>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: There's an eel in the stone.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Kawarsuop yar nerunggo.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Kawarsuop yar nerunggo.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Information structure", "Header 2": "Topic marker me", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:discme\" label=\"sec:discme\"></span>\n<span id=\"sec:clauseinme\" label=\"sec:clauseinme\"></span> Me is a topic\nmarker that follows either the NP/PP or the predicate. A topic marker is\nan “entity that the speaker identifies, about which information (...) is\nthen given” . It is the starting point of an utterance with presupposed\ninformation that is then commented on . When me follows a NP or PP,\nthe NP or PP is topicalised. When me follows the predicate, the whole\nclause is topicalised, for example by making it conditional. Anti-topics\n(specified or reactivated topics) are not marked morphologically, but by\nplacing the anti-topic at the right edge of the clause, as described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>. In the examples in this section,\nthe topicalised constituents are given within square brackets. \nMe can be used after a NP or PP to mark it as the topic in clauses\nwith a verbal (see <a href=\"#exe:metrans\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:metrans\">[exe:metrans]</a>,\n<a href=\"#exe:mepron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mepron\">[exe:mepron]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:mestat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mestat\">[exe:mestat]</a>), nominal (see\n<a href=\"#exe:menom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menom\">[exe:menom]</a>), quantifier (see\n<a href=\"#exe:mequant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mequant\">[exe:mequant]</a>) or locative (see\n<a href=\"#exe:meloc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meloc\">[exe:meloc]</a>) predicate, but is not\nobligatory in any of these contexts. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme buok=at kuru bara pier=ki bes to\nwoman Netherlands-woman <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbetel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bring descend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.in=ben</span> good right\n‘The Dutchwoman brought down betel for us, good, right?’ (Context:\nsubject is given but not recently mentioned.) <span id=\"exe:metrans\"\nlabel=\"exe:metrans\"></span> me an se kat percai=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nbelieve=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for you, I don’t believe you any more.’ <span id=\"exe:mepron\"\nlabel=\"exe:mepron\"></span> ki Tanggor=ka=ta rar \\[Tanggor\\] me\nmambon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nTanggor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span> Tanggor\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘You go to Tanggor, at Tanggor there are \\[fish\\].’ (Context: Tanggor is\ngiven, in this very example.) <span id=\"exe:mestat\"\nlabel=\"exe:mestat\"></span> me mungkin berupa jim\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> maybe be_a_form_of jinn\n‘That woman is maybe a kind of jinn.’ (Context: description of a\nvideo. The woman has been mentioned; this is a comment about her\nidentity.) <span id=\"exe:menom\" label=\"exe:menom\"></span> me eir\neh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntwo <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘These are two, right?’ (Context: learning to weave a basket, pointing\nat strips of material in the teacher’s hand.) <span id=\"exe:mequant\"\nlabel=\"exe:mequant\"></span> me kewe-un=ko\nchildren two <span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘Two children are in their house.’ (Context: frog story. Children have\nbeen mentioned; description of a new page in the book.)\n<span id=\"exe:meloc\" label=\"exe:meloc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe topic marker follows postpositions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:finbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:finbon\">[exe:finbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:komeneko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:komeneko\">[exe:komeneko]</a>). Topicalised objects\nlack object postposition =at\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bobmun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bobmun\">[exe:bobmun]</a>). The topic marker is\ntypically used following NPs or PPs that refer to given referents. It\ncan also topicalise a time adverbial\n(example<a href=\"#exe:ambun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ambun\">[exe:ambun]</a>). Another way to mark topics,\nwhich may be combined with topic marker me, is fronting of the\ntopicalised constituent (§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme nat=nin\nArifin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nMei=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nconsum=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Arifin and Mei don’t eat.’ <span id=\"exe:finbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:finbon\"></span> me lempuang-tumun wilak=ko me neko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> island-child\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> inside\n‘Here, the small island inside the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:komeneko\"\nlabel=\"exe:komeneko\"></span> <sub>Obj</sub> me Bobi emun=a kona\nchildren few <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Bobi\nmother=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> see\n‘A few children, Bobi’s mother saw \\[them\\].’ <span id=\"exe:bobmun\"\nlabel=\"exe:bobmun\"></span> kier Luis=bon \\[kasur\\] me bo\nsor-sanggara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span>\nLuis=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> go fish-search\n‘(As for) tomorrow, you and Luis go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:ambun\"\nlabel=\"exe:ambun\"></span> \n</div> \nMore seldomly, new participants are introduced with me. This is\nlimited to unimportant participants.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:sikank\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikank\">[exe:sikank]</a>), the cat is introduced; it\nis not mentioned thereafter, and is only used in the story as a prop to\ncreate a slightly threatening atmosphere. In examples of the type\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wameta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wameta\">[exe:wameta]</a>), where properties of\nreferents are described out of context, me is also used, often\ncombined with a demonstrative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme in=at tiri pareir\ncat one <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=obj</span> run follow\n‘A cat ran after us.’ (Context: a story about going to someone’s house,\nfirst mention of the cat.) <span id=\"exe:sikank\"\nlabel=\"exe:sikank\"></span> me tabusik\ntree <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> short\n‘This tree is short.’ (Context: no context, elicitation, transl. of\nMalay pohon ini pendek ‘this tree is short’.) <span id=\"exe:wameta\"\nlabel=\"exe:wameta\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few instances, me marks two referents in the same clause.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:anmed\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anmed\">[exe:anmed]</a>), the second instance of me\ncould alternately be analysed as a distal demonstrative (but would still\nbe topicalised because it is fronted), but\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lekop\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lekop\">[exe:lekop]</a>) the analysis seems untlikely\nto fit, as there is already a demonstrative modifying each noun.\nAnalysing me as a definite marker also does not fit, as it does not\nappear consistently on anaphoric definites (referents that have been\nmentioned in the text). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme \\[don\\] me ka an ∅=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nthing <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for me, and as for that thing, you didn’t give \\[it\\] to me.’\n<span id=\"exe:anmed\" label=\"exe:anmed\"></span> me \\[afokat opa\\]\nme kona\ngoat <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> avocado\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nsee\n‘That goat sees those avocados.’ <span id=\"exe:lekop\"\nlabel=\"exe:lekop\"></span> \n</div> \nMe is also very common after the predicate, topicalising the entire\nclause. In most cases, this predicate carries irrealis =et\n(§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>) or non-final =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMustafa esun toni \\[ka ruot=et\\] me kamun naun=saet=in\nMustafa father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\nearth=only=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n‘Mustafa’s father said if you go digging, don’t \\[bring\\] earth only.’\n<span id=\"exe:ruretme\" label=\"exe:ruretme\"></span> pulor opa \\[ka\ntu=ta\\] me tama-ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere-<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf \\[that\\] you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:pulor\" label=\"exe:pulor\"></span> newer=i\nkoyet, \\[mindi=ta\\] me mier se marua\npay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n‘After paying, they went seawards.’ <span id=\"exe:mindita\"\nlabel=\"exe:mindita\"></span> \n</div> \nThe combination of irrealis =et followed by me is also seen in\npre-posed topic constructions as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eiretme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiretme\">[exe:eiretme]</a>). This is an unusual way\nto present a topic: it is much more common to do so without =et. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme ma se taraouk\nkind_of_fish two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> store\n‘As for those two siadas, he had already stored \\[them\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:eiretme\" label=\"exe:eiretme\"></span> \n</div> \nTopic marker me is homophonous with distal demonstrative me, and has\nlikely developed from it. Demonstratives are known to develop into topic\nmarkers .[^93] They have also been shown to have clause-combining and\ndiscourse-structuring functions . The Kalamang process of\ngrammaticalisation is likely ongoing, judging by the various uses of\nme sketched in this section, and moving away from a demonstrative use,\njudging by its few occurrences as an ordinary exophoric demonstrative. \nThere are also a considerable number of occurrences of me at the\nbeginning of a clause, whose function cannot be determined based on the\ncurrently available data. There are various possible analyses: it can be\nshort for mera ‘then, so’, mena ‘later, otherwise’, it can be a\nfiller,[^94] or it can be a specific use of topic marker or distal\ndemonstrative me. The following four examples show two subsequent\nutterances each, where the second utterance starts with me. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu toni kasur yuwa=ba seng paku=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> want tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nroof nail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They want to nail the roof tomorow.’ me sobas=ta me di=saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\ndawn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘? in the morning, put \\[carry it\\] up.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmier se bara sabua nerunggo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndescend tent inside\n‘They go down into the tent.’ me mu mu=at bon taluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=obj</span> bring exit\n‘? they bring them out.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kor opa se duk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> leg\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbump_into\n‘They already bumped that leg into something.’ me mera kasian Rani\nemun toni ...\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> then anyway Rani\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n‘? then anyway, Rani’s mother said...’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan se mara ki perusahan=ka bot=kin=ta me\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\ncompany=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘I went to sea: “Are you going to the mainland \\[lit. to the\ncompany\\]?”’ me an se mara me eh suol-ca se bes o bes mera\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.quot</span>\nback-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n‘? I went to sea like: “How is your back?” “Oh fine, of course.”’ \n</div> \n</div> \nMuch remains to be investigated regarding the exact functions of\nKalamang me. For example, a more thorough analysis is needed to\nunderstand what guides the use vs. non-use of me with new and given\nreferents, with non-verbal predicates, and when combining clauses.\nAlthough me is one of the most frequent words in the corpus, which\nmeans there is a relative wealth of data available, the mechanisms that\nregulate its use seem quite refined, and a more sophisticated analysis\nis therefore outside the scope of this grammar." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Multiclausal constructions", "Header 2": "Coordination-like clause combining", "Header 3": "Asyndetic conjunction", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:asyndetic\" label=\"sec:asyndetic\"></span> Asyndetic\nconjunction is the juxtaposition of two clauses without an overt\ncoordination. This is the most common way to conjoin clauses, and is not\nconnected to a special function. The relation between asyndetically\nconjoined clauses is rather expressed through intonation. If the first\nclause ends in a high boundary tone (H%), this indicates that it is a\nnon-final clause (§<a href=\"#sec:nonfinal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonfinal\">4.3.3.2</a>), which combined with\nasyndetic conjunction indicates a sequential relationship between the\nclauses. This is illustrated in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:kurubotatko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:kurubotatko\">16.1</a>, where the speaker relates a\nsequence of events from the day before. While the second and third\nclause contain words that indicate we are dealing with sequential events\n(koyet ‘finished’, see §<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>, and koi ‘then; again’, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:seqconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:seqconj\">[sec:seqconj]</a>), the first clause is\ntruly asyndetically conjoined to the second. It remains unclear what the\ndifference is between asyndetically conjoined clauses and clauses\nconjoined with sequential conjunctions\n(§<a href=\"#sec:seqconj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:seqconj\">[sec:seqconj]</a>). \n<figure id=\"fig:kurubotatko\">\n<img src=\"Images/kurubotatko\" />\n<figcaption>Asyndetic conjunction of sequential events with a high\nboundary tone</figcaption>\n</figure> \nA low boundary tone on the first clause (L%) indicates a declarative\nclause. The following clause typically starts a new paragraph in a\nstory. There may or may not be a sequential relationship between the\nclauses. In the narrative section in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:anseparar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:anseparar\">16.2</a>, which precedes the section in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:kurubotatko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:kurubotatko\">16.1</a> in the same narrative, there\nis a sequential relationship between the juxtaposed clauses. A new\nparagraph in the story is started: the events of a new day are related. \n<figure id=\"fig:anseparar\">\n<img src=\"Images/anseparar\" />\n<figcaption>Asyndetic conjunction of sequential events with a low\nboundary tone</figcaption>\n</figure>" } ], "index": 82, "level": "low_resource", "question": "There's an eel in the stone.", "split": "train" }
Musim kemanur me kareng se mambon.	When it is west wind season there are frogs.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: When it is west wind season there are frogs.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"When\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: when\nKalamang translation: waktu; yuol tama\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"When\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: kitchen\nKalamang translation: didiras\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"it\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that's it\nKalamang translation: ma he me\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"it\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: with a hole in it\nKalamang translation: durcie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"west\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: north-west\nKalamang translation: samar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"west\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: west\nKalamang translation: daru; kemanur; kemanurep; munin\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wind\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: east wind\nKalamang translation: tagur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"wind\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cold evening wind\nKalamang translation: pelelu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"season\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: season\nKalamang translation: mosun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"season\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: dry season\nKalamang translation: yuon monpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"there\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"there\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: over there\nKalamang translation: owa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"frogs\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: front\nKalamang translation: borara; kalaor; muka\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"frogs\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: frog\nKalamang translation: kareng\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"When\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When the tide is very low Tamandi's mother and friends go fishing for small fish with poisonous root.\nKalamang translation: Warkin emun kararak Tamandi emun mu birbir tup.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"When\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When it rains we can see the other island close-by.\nKalamang translation: Kalis urta pi lenggonat komera kokir.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"it\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Keep it still already!\nKalamang translation: Mat malelinde geǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"it\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When it rains we can see the other island close-by.\nKalamang translation: Kalis urta pi lenggonat komera kokir.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"west\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We want to go to the westside of Fatar.\nKalamang translation: In Parar muninunggo botkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"west\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: If we go to Fakfak in west wind season there are big waves.\nKalamang translation: Kemanurpak me pi Pakpaka boet me ureren.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wind\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: If we go to Fakfak in west wind season there are big waves.\nKalamang translation: Kemanurpak me pi Pakpaka boet me ureren.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"wind\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I sleep, the wind blows and I feel good.\nKalamang translation: An minda ur koukoura an narasa mawin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"season\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"season\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: If we go to Fakfak in west wind season there are big waves.\nKalamang translation: Kemanurpak me pi Pakpaka boet me ureren.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"there\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Is there fish or not?\nKalamang translation: Sor mambon ye saerak?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"there\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"frogs\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Did those people from Fakfak already leave?\nKalamang translation: Pakpaet opa me he bot?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"frogs\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The meat, the cat has eaten it from the tabletop.\nKalamang translation: Dagim sikana sor meja kerunggoat na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nDual number is created by suffixing -ier to the basic pronouns. This\nmight be a metathesis of eir ‘two’. Dual forms are not obligatory, but\nare used in the great majority of the cases where a pronoun refers to\ntwo referents. When there are more than two referents, the speaker can\nchoose between a basic pronoun with or without a suffixed numeral. The\nhigher the number of referents, the lower the share of pronouns with a\nsuffixed numeral.[^52] (<a href=\"#exe:mier\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mier\">[exe:mier]</a>) shows dual number,\nand(<a href=\"#exe:munggansuor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:munggansuor\">[exe:munggansuor]</a>) shows the\nnumeral kansuor ‘four’ suffixed to the third-person plural. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier et-putkaruok koluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-thirteen find\n‘We caught thirteen pieces.’ <span id=\"exe:mier\"\nlabel=\"exe:mier\"></span> munggansuor belajar=teba\nthey_four study=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘They four are studying.’ <span id=\"exe:munggansuor\"\nlabel=\"exe:munggansuor\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough suffixing a numeral to a pronoun is less and less common the\nhigher the number of referents, there are several instances in the\ncorpus where speakers count the number of referents to make sure they\nrefer to them in the correct way (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:muraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:muraman\">[exe:muraman]</a>, where the number of\npeople in a picture is counted), or check with their addressee whether\nthey are referring to the correct number of people, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mupuraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mupuraman\">[exe:mupuraman]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:muraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:muraman\">[exe:muraman]</a>) it is unclear whether\nraman=a should be analysed as a suffix to the pronoun or as an\nindependent numeral, but since the corpus contains examples with ‘two’,\n‘three’ and ‘four’ that are suffixed, I take it that ‘six’ is, too. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon eir karuok kansuor mu-raman=a melelu\none two three four\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-six=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nsit\n‘One, two, three, four, they six sit.’ <span id=\"exe:muraman\"\nlabel=\"exe:muraman\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu puraman\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> how_many\n‘How many are they?’ munggaruok\nthey_three\n‘They \\[are\\] three.’ munggaruok mat rup=te kajie\nthey_three <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\nhelp=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> pick\n‘They three help him pick.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:mupuraman\" label=\"exe:mupuraman\"></span> \n</div> \nA common construction with inier, which includes the speaker, is\ninier N=bon, literally ‘we two and X’. Rather than referring to three\npeople, it refers to the speaker and X, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:inierbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inierbon\">[exe:inierbon]</a>). This is what refers\nto as an inclusory construction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier Keca=bon bo war=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\nKeca=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> go\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Me and Keca wanted to go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:inierbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:inierbon\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:taccons\" label=\"sec:taccons\"></span> All consonants except\n/ŋ/ appear in onset position. In coda position there are more\nrestrictions. The voiced stops /b/, /d/, /ɟ/ and /g/ do not occur in\ncoda position, and neither do /f/, /h/, /j/, and /w/.\nTable<a href=\"#tab:consphontac\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:consphontac\">4.3</a> gives an overview of the\nphonotactics of consonant phonemes. \n<div id=\"tab:consphontac\"> \n\| \| onset \| coda \|\n\|:----\|:------\|:-----\|\n\| p \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| b \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| t \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| d \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| c \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| ɟ \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| k \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| g \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \nConsonant distribution \n</div> \n<div id=\"tab:consphontac\"> \n\| \| onset \| coda \|\n\|:----\|:------\|:-----\|\n\| m \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| n \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| ŋ \| $-$ \| $+$ \|\n\| r \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| f \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| s \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| h \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| j \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| w \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| l \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| \| \| \| \nConsonant distribution \n</div> \n<span id=\"tab:consphontac\" label=\"tab:consphontac\"></span> \nSequences of two consonants, which may appear across syllable\nboundaries, are found in the corpus in the combinations given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:conscomb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:conscomb\">[tab:conscomb]</a>. This includes those\nthat appear after compounding or in reduplication, or as a result of\nphonological processes. The most common consonants in the coda are /m/,\n/n/, /r/ and /l/, and the most common in the onset are /p/, /t/, /k/,\n/m/ and /n/. These are also among the most frequent in the corpus in\ngeneral. A larger dataset may provide examples of additional, unusual\ndistributions. \n<div class=\"sidewaystable\"> \n\| \| p \| b \| t \| d \| k \| g \| c \| ɟ \| m \| n \| r \| f \| s \| h \| j \| w \| l \|\n\|----:\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|\n\| p \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \|\n\| t \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| k \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \|\n\| m \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \|\n\| n \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| ŋ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \|\n\| r \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| s \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| l \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \n<span id=\"tab:conscomb\" label=\"tab:conscomb\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough there is a tendency for stops following nasals to be voiced\nrather than voiceless, there is no absolute restriction on nasals +\nvoiceless stops. This can be seen in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:conscomb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:conscomb\">[tab:conscomb]</a>. Consider also the\nfollowing examples, which show that some of the nasal + voiceless stop\nsequences involve reduplications. \n/m/ + /p/: \\[ˈlɛm.puaŋ\\] ‘island’\n/n/ + /p/: \\[tan.ˌpa.rok.ˈpa.rok̚\\] ‘fingers’\n/ŋ/ + /p/: \\[puŋ.ˈpuŋ.at̚\\] ‘k.o. fish’\n/m/ + /t/: \\[ˈtum.tɛŋ\\] ‘bedbug’\n/n/ + /t/: \\[ˈson.tum\\] ‘person’\n/ŋ/ + /t/: \\[ˈmiŋ.tun\\] ‘palm oil’\n/m/ + /k/: \\[am.ˈkeit̚\\] ‘to give birth’\n/n/ + /k/: \\[ˈkin.kin\\] ‘to hold’\n/ŋ/ + /k/: \\[ˌku.ruŋ.ˈku.ruŋ\\] ‘fish basket’ \nThere are no examples of nasals followed by /c/.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: When it is west wind season there are frogs.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Musim kemanur me kareng se mambon.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Musim kemanur me kareng se mambon.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "Number", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "Dual number is created by suffixing -ier to the basic pronouns. This\nmight be a metathesis of eir ‘two’. Dual forms are not obligatory, but\nare used in the great majority of the cases where a pronoun refers to\ntwo referents. When there are more than two referents, the speaker can\nchoose between a basic pronoun with or without a suffixed numeral. The\nhigher the number of referents, the lower the share of pronouns with a\nsuffixed numeral.[^52] (<a href=\"#exe:mier\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mier\">[exe:mier]</a>) shows dual number,\nand(<a href=\"#exe:munggansuor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:munggansuor\">[exe:munggansuor]</a>) shows the\nnumeral kansuor ‘four’ suffixed to the third-person plural. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier et-putkaruok koluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_an</span>-thirteen find\n‘We caught thirteen pieces.’ <span id=\"exe:mier\"\nlabel=\"exe:mier\"></span> munggansuor belajar=teba\nthey_four study=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘They four are studying.’ <span id=\"exe:munggansuor\"\nlabel=\"exe:munggansuor\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough suffixing a numeral to a pronoun is less and less common the\nhigher the number of referents, there are several instances in the\ncorpus where speakers count the number of referents to make sure they\nrefer to them in the correct way (as\nin<a href=\"#exe:muraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:muraman\">[exe:muraman]</a>, where the number of\npeople in a picture is counted), or check with their addressee whether\nthey are referring to the correct number of people, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mupuraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mupuraman\">[exe:mupuraman]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:muraman\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:muraman\">[exe:muraman]</a>) it is unclear whether\nraman=a should be analysed as a suffix to the pronoun or as an\nindependent numeral, but since the corpus contains examples with ‘two’,\n‘three’ and ‘four’ that are suffixed, I take it that ‘six’ is, too. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon eir karuok kansuor mu-raman=a melelu\none two three four\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-six=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nsit\n‘One, two, three, four, they six sit.’ <span id=\"exe:muraman\"\nlabel=\"exe:muraman\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu puraman\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> how_many\n‘How many are they?’ munggaruok\nthey_three\n‘They \\[are\\] three.’ munggaruok mat rup=te kajie\nthey_three <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\nhelp=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> pick\n‘They three help him pick.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:mupuraman\" label=\"exe:mupuraman\"></span> \n</div> \nA common construction with inier, which includes the speaker, is\ninier N=bon, literally ‘we two and X’. Rather than referring to three\npeople, it refers to the speaker and X, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:inierbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inierbon\">[exe:inierbon]</a>). This is what refers\nto as an inclusory construction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier Keca=bon bo war=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span>\nKeca=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> go\nfish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Me and Keca wanted to go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:inierbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:inierbon\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Phonetics, phonology and morphophonology", "Header 2": "Phonotactics and syllable structure", "Header 3": "Phonotactics of consonants", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:taccons\" label=\"sec:taccons\"></span> All consonants except\n/ŋ/ appear in onset position. In coda position there are more\nrestrictions. The voiced stops /b/, /d/, /ɟ/ and /g/ do not occur in\ncoda position, and neither do /f/, /h/, /j/, and /w/.\nTable<a href=\"#tab:consphontac\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:consphontac\">4.3</a> gives an overview of the\nphonotactics of consonant phonemes. \n<div id=\"tab:consphontac\"> \n\| \| onset \| coda \|\n\|:----\|:------\|:-----\|\n\| p \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| b \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| t \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| d \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| c \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| ɟ \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| k \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| g \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| \|\n\| \| \| \| \nConsonant distribution \n</div> \n<div id=\"tab:consphontac\"> \n\| \| onset \| coda \|\n\|:----\|:------\|:-----\|\n\| m \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| n \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| ŋ \| $-$ \| $+$ \|\n\| r \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| f \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| s \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| h \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| j \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| w \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| l \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| \| \| \| \nConsonant distribution \n</div> \n<span id=\"tab:consphontac\" label=\"tab:consphontac\"></span> \nSequences of two consonants, which may appear across syllable\nboundaries, are found in the corpus in the combinations given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:conscomb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:conscomb\">[tab:conscomb]</a>. This includes those\nthat appear after compounding or in reduplication, or as a result of\nphonological processes. The most common consonants in the coda are /m/,\n/n/, /r/ and /l/, and the most common in the onset are /p/, /t/, /k/,\n/m/ and /n/. These are also among the most frequent in the corpus in\ngeneral. A larger dataset may provide examples of additional, unusual\ndistributions. \n<div class=\"sidewaystable\"> \n\| \| p \| b \| t \| d \| k \| g \| c \| ɟ \| m \| n \| r \| f \| s \| h \| j \| w \| l \|\n\|----:\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|:----\|\n\| p \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \|\n\| t \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| k \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \|\n\| m \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \|\n\| n \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| ŋ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \|\n\| r \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| s \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \|\n\| l \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $-$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \| $+$ \|\n\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \n<span id=\"tab:conscomb\" label=\"tab:conscomb\"></span> \n</div> \nAlthough there is a tendency for stops following nasals to be voiced\nrather than voiceless, there is no absolute restriction on nasals +\nvoiceless stops. This can be seen in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:conscomb\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:conscomb\">[tab:conscomb]</a>. Consider also the\nfollowing examples, which show that some of the nasal + voiceless stop\nsequences involve reduplications. \n/m/ + /p/: \\[ˈlɛm.puaŋ\\] ‘island’\n/n/ + /p/: \\[tan.ˌpa.rok.ˈpa.rok̚\\] ‘fingers’\n/ŋ/ + /p/: \\[puŋ.ˈpuŋ.at̚\\] ‘k.o. fish’\n/m/ + /t/: \\[ˈtum.tɛŋ\\] ‘bedbug’\n/n/ + /t/: \\[ˈson.tum\\] ‘person’\n/ŋ/ + /t/: \\[ˈmiŋ.tun\\] ‘palm oil’\n/m/ + /k/: \\[am.ˈkeit̚\\] ‘to give birth’\n/n/ + /k/: \\[ˈkin.kin\\] ‘to hold’\n/ŋ/ + /k/: \\[ˌku.ruŋ.ˈku.ruŋ\\] ‘fish basket’ \nThere are no examples of nasals followed by /c/." } ], "index": 83, "level": "low_resource", "question": "When it is west wind season there are frogs.", "split": "train" }
Imanana ma me temun.	The giant trevally is big.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: The giant trevally is big.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: The Netherlands\nKalamang translation: Beladar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"giant\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: giant\nKalamang translation: laksasa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"giant\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: giant trevally\nKalamang translation: imanana\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"trevally\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: orange-spotted trevally\nKalamang translation: unsor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"trevally\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: golden trevally\nKalamang translation: irausi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"big\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: big bamboo type\nKalamang translation: saban\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"big\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The ananas isn't ripe yet.\nKalamang translation: Kainasu me tok sawaunin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The fish's gall bladder exploded.\nKalamang translation: Sar iemuna kararcie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"giant\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They want to go diving but they don't have a diving mask.\nKalamang translation: Mu bo arkin ba ginana saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"giant\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to go fishing at the dock.\nKalamang translation: An bo jambatanggoa warkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"trevally\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The kids climbed to the top of the tree.\nKalamang translation: Tumtum sara rorkeitko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"trevally\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The trevally bit, Dela's father and associates caught it.\nKalamang translation: Irausi na, Dela esun mua ramie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"big\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a big kerker tree at Mas.\nKalamang translation: Kerker aremun kon Masko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"big\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The basket has big holes, stick leaves to it.\nKalamang translation: Kiem ma me posposun temun, loloki nawolet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"ch:maps\" label=\"ch:maps\"></span>\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnarrnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">23.1</a> displays those names\nmentioned in the traditional narratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>).\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnames\">23.2</a> shows all recorded coastal\nnames of the big Karas island, and a few additional place names. For a\nbigger version, zoom in on the digital version of this page, or download\nthe map from the Kalamang archive.[^104] \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names_narratives.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Place names of Karas mentioned in traditional\nnarratives</figcaption>\n</figure> \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Coastal place names of Karas</figcaption>\n</figure> \n[^1]: Data taken from the 2018 and 2019 publications of Statistik Daerah\nKabupaten Fakfak \\[Statistics Fakfak Regency Area\\], published by\nthe Badan Pusat Statistik Daerah Fakfak \\[Central Bureau of\nStatistics Fakfak Area\\]. Publications can be found at\n<https://fakfakkab.bps.go.id/publication.html>. \n[^2]: This map seems to be an unpublished draft, but is for example used\nin . \n[^3]: (Sub)grouping in this paragraph according to Glottolog. \n[^4]: Data on the map (series 1501, sheet SA 53-13, edition 1) comes\nfrom the years 1956-1960. \n[^5]: Archived at <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF4-4> \n[^6]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFB-1> \n[^7]: Recordings of prayers can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF7-4>,\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D> and\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6>. Picture\nmaterial of shared meals is available at the last two links. \n[^8]: These comprise the water in Sebakor Bay, extending southwards at\nleast as far as Kitikiti waterfall (3°50’25.7\"S 132°47’57.5\"E). I do\nnot know if the waters west of the biggest Karas island belong to\nKaras district, or if the water is divided between the\nKalamang-speaking and Uruangnirin-speaking communities. \n[^9]: Of whom at least one has passed away since. \n[^10]: This was operationalised in Indonesian as lancar; yang tahu\nbahasa bagus sekali and kurang lancar; yang masih pikir-pikir. \n[^11]: While there is obviously a cline in proficiency from fluent to\nnon-fluent to minimal, it was no matter of discussion for my two\nconsultants whom to include as fluent and non-fluent speakers, and\nwhom to exclude from the speaker count. \n[^12]: The only instance where I have noticed people showing off with\nKalamang is when in public places in Fakfak with me, but it is used\nto trick others into believing that they are speaking English with\nme. \n[^13]: Kapaur in . \n[^14]: Patimuni in . In other sources spelled as Bah(a)am or Mbahaam. \n[^15]: explain well how the descriptive linguist both informs and is\ninformed by typology and formal linguistics. I can only hope I have\nstruck the right balance. \n[^16]: Audio recordings for phonetic analysis and of paradigms, made in\n2015, contain the voices of four other (partial) speakers. Their\nmetadata can be found in the corpus. \n[^17]: Other people to whom gifts were extended are my hosts in Fakfak\nand Mas, the village head of Mas, my local aunts, uncles and\ngrandmother, and other people with whom I maintained a personal\nrelationship. \n[^18]: The corpus, called The Kalamang collection: an archive of\nlinguistic and cultural material from Karas can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^19]: A fifth field trip was planned for 2020 but had to be cancelled\ndue to COVID-19. Luckily, I had enough data to finish the current\nstudy. Things that I had planned for the last field trip included\ndouble-checking the transcriptions of recordings made in 2019,\ndouble-checking all the examples used in this study, double-checking\nsome lemmas in the dictionary, collecting more pictures for the\ndictionary, recording audio samples of all lemmas, collecting\nrecordings of more genres (such as making offerings, ghost stories,\nand action camera recordings of people in their gardens and loading\na canoe), collecting supplementary grammaticality judgements on\nvarious topics (such as the apprehensive construction, classifiers,\npossessive constructions, prosody, quantifiers and reflexives) and\ncarrying out ethnobotanic/linguistic fieldwork in collaboration with\nan MA student in ethnobotany. \n[^20]: A breath group is what the speaker manages to say between two\nbreaths, and is a convenient way to divide utterances. This division\nwas not strictly followed. Sometimes people would pause without\nbreathing – for example at the end of a non-final clause. Some\nspeakers had a habit of uttering very long stretches of speech,\nseemingly without breathing. These stretches were divided wherever\nit seemed practical to do so during the transcription. \n[^21]: Transcribed recordings are archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^22]: Annotated elicited data is archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A>. \n[^23]: While I do think that there are differences in style and\nnaturalness between the three categories stimulus-based, narrative\nand conversations, I have not actually investigated this. Also, the\ncategories are not clear-cut. The stimulus-based recordings\nobviously can be narratives or conversations, conversations may\ncontain stretches of narrative, narratives may contain a short\nconversation with a passer-by, etc. This classification is just one\nway to give the reader at least some degree of context when reading\nan example. \n[^24]: Defined in as “connected naturally occurring utterance\\[s\\]”. \n[^25]: Some of it can be found in the conversations between Fajaria\nYarkuran and Nurmia Yarkuran (conv9–11, conv13–16), which are\ninterrupted by children entering the room. Some speakers also\naddress the linguist in an opening and a closing of a narrative in\nPapuan Malay (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>). Note that code switching\nbetween Kalamang and Papuan Malay without a change of audience,\ntypically for just a few words at a time, is very common and occurs\nin all recordings. \n[^26]: One song, Loflof, can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF9-5>, and the\nnarratives narr18 and narr19 contain short songs. The ritual chant\ntenggelele can be found in conv8. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:formula\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:formula\">[sec:formula]</a>. \n[^27]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^28]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^29]: These can currently be found at\n<https://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/representations/gloss/index.php?open=../../../../../includes/gramm_category_labels.inc>. \n[^30]: According to . I do not have access to the original report. \n[^31]: In fact, if one takes into account the WALS features and\nlanguages, the Papuan languages do not stand apart from the rest of\nthe world’s languages at all . \n[^32]: : “\\[W\\]e define East Nusantara as a geographical area that\nextends from Sumbawa to the west, across the islands of East Nusa\nTenggara, Maluku including Halmahera, and to the Bird’s Head of New\nGuinea in the east \\[...\\]. In the northwest, the area is bounded by\nSulawesi.” \n[^33]: Melanesia, based on the features considered in , “begins in the\narea of Flores-Sumba-Timor, reaches through New Guinea and into the\nBismarck Archipelago, and concludes in Vanuatu-New Caledonia”\n(p.122). Linguistic Wallacea is similar to East Nusantara.\nLinguistic Wallacea differs from Biological Wallacea in that the\nformer does not include Sulawesi and the latter does not include any\nparts of New Guinea. \n[^34]: Voiced stops do not occur syllable-finally, also not as\nunderlying phonemes. The voiceless stops that are syllable-final are\nso also underlyingly. \n[^35]: As counted in April 2019. \n[^36]: Timothy Usher (p.c.) suggests that this is the case because it\nderives historically from a longer form \\kinV. \n[^37]: Note that this is an intonational* pitch accent, not to be\nconfounded with lexical tones. \n[^38]: I checked 96 Papuan grammars and grammar sketches in 2018. Of\nthese, 29 make some mention of intonation, ranging from a brief\nmention in the chapter on discourse structuring to a number or arrow\nsystem to describe intonation created by the author of the grammar.\nOf these 29, only five grammars include pitch contours. Of those\nfive, only three have pitch contours generated with help of\nsoftware. Those three languages are described here. For the other\ntwo languages, Mauwake and Menggwa Dla, only hand-drawn pitch\ncontours without alignment or a Hz scale are available. The\ndescription of prosody in Qaqet came to my attention in 2020 and was\nadded subsequently. \n[^39]: There are other comparative data that may give a clue to the\norigin of /t/ and /n/. The West Bomberai language Iha has the\n(singular patient) -ny and (plural patient) -te conjugations in\nsome verbs , and the East Timorese language Fataluku has the same\nsubject clitic =n(u) and different subject =t(u) . Although\nKalamang has no synchronic number marking for patients or\nswitch-reference marking, the phonemes /t/ and /n/ may be remnants\nof something similar. \n[^40]: The forms wat and met are underlyingly or diachronically\nwa=at ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span>’ and me=at\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=obj</span>’ (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), respectively, and cannot be\ncompared to a verb such as bo ‘to go’, which has two uninflected\nforms: bo and bot. \n[^41]: Note also that there are instances where there has been an\nobvious loss of prenasalisation between vowels – for example, in the\nnumerals /kodak/ ‘just one’ and /kodaet/ ‘one more’. These are\ndiachronically /kon/ + /tak/ and /kon/ + /taet/, respectively. It is\nlikely that these forms originally were \\[kondak̚\\] and \\[kondaet̚\\]\n(nasal assimilation, §<a href=\"#sec:assim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:assim\">[sec:assim]</a>), which were reanalysed\nas monomorphemic words before the nasal was removed for some reason.\nOtherwise, we would expect \\[korak̚\\] and \\[koraet̚\\] (lenition of\nintervocalic stops, §<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). \n[^42]: I started a test where I let different speakers transcribe the\nsame 11 sentences from corpus recordings, to see how they would\nsegment units. I did not do the test with more than two speakers,\nhowever, because I realised there was a lack of good speakers who\ncould write clearly enough to determine segments. Although most\nKalamang speakers are literate, many of them are not experienced or\nfluent writers. \n[^43]: Except for verbs in the imperative mood, which distinguish\nbetween singular and plural subjects\n(§<a href=\"#sec:verbdistr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbdistr\">[sec:verbdistr]</a>). \n[^44]: Note the similarity of this suffix with the last part of the\npronominal suffix -autak ‘alone’,\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>, and the last part of\nreidak ‘many’,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:inreidak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inreidak\">[exe:inreidak]</a>. \n[^45]: These are analysed as postpositions, not case markers, because of\nthe domain of attachment (the NP, not the noun), a lack of agreement\nor declension paradigms, and because the forms are almost mutually\nexclusive. The author has no strong preference for either analysis,\nand encourages the reader to replace “postposition” with “case\nmarker” in their mind if they wish. \n[^46]: See and for a definition of and information about the categories\niamitive and nondum, respectively. \n[^47]: A sixth root, teit- ‘neighbour’, was elicited as inalienable\nbut does not occur in the natural spoken corpus. \n[^48]: Several data points suggest a link between agentive nominaliser\n-et and a more general “animator”. Many animal names, especially\nthose for insects, end in -et or -let (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:letet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:letet\">48</a>). This is not a productive suffix\non animal names, and there is no proof of a diachronic relation with\nthe agentive nominaliser -et. However, note also the animate\nclassifier et- (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). A speculative relation\ncould be made between donenet ‘black ant’ and -nenen ‘body hair’\n(‘that which is hairy’), and between kalabet ‘earth worm’ and\nkalawen ‘soft’ (‘that which is soft’). Kedederet ‘k.o. bird’\ncould be derived from an onomatopoeion. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndonenet ‘black ant’ kalabet ‘earth worm’ kalkalet ‘mosquito’\nkapapet ‘glassy sweeper (k.o. fish)’ kedederet ‘k.o. small black\nbird’ pabalet ‘fly’ pueselet ‘spider’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:letet\" label=\"exe:letet\"></span> \n</div> \n[^49]: The general associative marker =kin is used to make similar\nconstructions to these. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>. \n[^50]: Japanese and Korean have similar phenomena, where quantifiers can\nbe both inside and outside the NP . \n[^51]: Contra the preliminary analysis of the Kalamang pronominal system\nin , clusivity is a well-established distinction in Kalamang. \n[^52]: This observation is impressionistic. It is based on a corpus\nsearch for pronouns with a suffixed numeral. A confounding factor is\nthat lower numerals are more common than higher numerals. \n[^53]: This is parallel to the local Malay, where mama tua and bapak\ntua are father or mother’s older sister and brother, respectively.\nA parent’s younger sister can be called (mama) ci, but I am not\naware of a corresponding term for men in use on Karas. \n[^54]: Using the established abbreviations for kinship terms: e = elder,\ny = younger, F = father, M = mother, B = brother, Z = sister, S =\nson, D = daughter, H = husband, W = wife. I.e. FeZ means ‘father’s\nelder sister’. \n[^55]: In other words, lineal kin of both two generations up and two\ngenerations down from ego is referred to as tara- \n[^56]: Polygamy is legal in Indonesia but not currently practiced on\nKaras. \n[^57]: Anak piara in local Malay. The parents of such a child are\ntypically alive and capable of taking care of children, and are in\ncontact with the child they have fostered out. This may be a\npractice that takes care of individuals or families that do not or\ncannot have children themselves, while at the same time lifting the\nburden from families with many children. \n[^58]: 7 = 6 + 1 is found in several languages of the area, among which\nare the Aru languages, Onin, Sekar and Uruangnirin . \n[^59]: There might be an intonational difference, but this was not\ntested for. \n[^60]: The West Bomberai language Mbaham has a word muur ‘branch’ and\na transport classifier mu- , and Iha has a classifier mur for\nboats, ‘motor’ and branches (Katherine Walker, p.c.). \n[^61]: While I elicited negative grammaticality judgments for mir-\nwith, for example, other modes of transport or other things made of\nwood, I have not had the chance to test pel- in combination with\nnouns other than ‘banana’. In other words, the status of pel- as a\nunique classifier is based on its lack of appearance in combination\nwith nouns other than ‘banana’ in the current corpus. \n[^62]: maybe tau ‘?’ + eir ‘two’, although ‘two sides’ is tawirir \n[^63]: These are pendapat ‘opinion’ (Malay loan), toman ‘bag’, hak\n‘right’ (Malay loan), kewe ‘house’, asal ‘origin’ (Malay loan)\nand guru ‘teacher’ (Malay loan). A reason that many of these are\nMalay loans might be that possessive constructions in Papuan Malay\nare made with a periphrastic construction (possessor + ‘have’ +\npossessum), which might trigger the use of a possessive pronoun\ninstead of a suffix in Kalamang. In any case, the number of\noccurrences of these words is so low in comparison to those of esa\n‘father’ and ema ‘mother’ that we will not consider them any\nfurther. \n[^64]: There is no restriction against a possessive suffix on a noun\nending in /a/, cf. nika-an ‘my fishing line’. \n[^65]: Compare also tamandi ‘how’, apparently formed with the question\nword root tama and the suffix -ndi. \n[^66]: Karas is spoken on a limestone island that rises out of the sea.\nBoth villages, Mas and Antalisa, are built on a strip of beach and\nthe adjacent slopes. \n[^67]: Note that the phonemes -n and -t (~ -d ~ -r) also occur\non demonstratives and question words, and pose a morphophonological\nproblem that is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>. \n[^68]: Other predicate enclitics, such as non-final =te and =ta or\nprogressive =teba, do not trigger the insertion of -t or -n. \n[^69]: The fact that the form with -n does not carry y- and vice\nversa may be related to them having different stress patterns:\nˈyecie vs eˈcien. All “uninflected” verbs with -n carry stress\non the last syllable, even if the verb without -n carries stress\non the first (e.g. ˈpotma vs potˈman ‘to cut’, ˈparuo vs\npaˈruon ‘to do’, ˈosie vs oˈsien) but yecie is the only one\nwith a difference in initial vowel. Syllable weight does not\nnormally play a role in stress assignment in Kalamang (as described\nin§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>). \n[^70]: Exceptions are gocie ‘to live’ and yecie ‘to return’, but\nbecause these have different semantics I have not listed them here.\nNote, however, that -cie in gocie may also be a morpheme, as\ngo means ‘place’. Those counterparts in -cie marked with an\nasterisk in the table were rejected in elicitation; the gaps remain\nto be tested. \n[^71]: A distinction between na in the meaning ‘to drink’ and in the\nmeaning ‘to eat’ was made to make the dataset comparable with other\nlanguages. Na ‘to eat’ was very unlikely to incorporate. For\ndetails, see . \n[^72]: This is why some reduplications are glossed as\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>’, instead of forcing a specific\nreading on them. \n[^73]: Four words in the lexicon might contain a fossilised prefix\nun-. These are unmasir ‘to give birth’ (cf, masir ‘to weed’),\nunkoryap ‘to divide’ (cf. koryap ‘to divide’, yap ‘to\ndivide’), unkawer ‘body fat’ (kawer not attested) and unsor\n‘orange-spotted trevally’ (cf. sor ‘fish’). \n[^74]: This construction was elicited with a picture of child washing\nits own hair, which was contrasted with a picture of a mother\nbathing a child. Showing the picture was accompanied by a request\nfor a translation of Malay anak mandi diri ‘the child bathes\nitself’ and saya mandi diri ‘I bathe myself’. \n[^75]: The translational equivalent of two applicatives and three\npromoted arguments is not entirely clear and therefore given with a\nquestion mark. \n[^76]: Other languages with a zero morpheme for ‘give’ are the Gum\nlanguages of Papua New Guinea, notably , and , a Muskogean language\n. \n[^77]: For comparative constructions, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:compcon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compcon\">[sec:compcon]</a>. \n[^78]: This is reminiscent of languages such as Candoshi (isolate,\nPeru), which describes colours with terms that translate as ‘like\nthe feathers of a Milvago bird’ . For Candoshi, it is claimed that\nthese terms only have secondary use as colour terms, and that the\nlanguage therefore does not really have colour terms. An overarching\nword ‘colour’ is also lacking. Although the latter is the case for\nKalamang as well, and Kalamang colour terms are clearly derived\nterms, the words mentioned here are used primarily as colour terms.\nPeople backtranslate baranggap as ‘yellow’, for example, and not\nas ‘like turmeric’. \n[^79]: The relation between aspect and universal quantification is\ndiscussed for Timor-Alor languages in . See also : “Completives\ndiffer from finish semantics in that the endpoint of the event is\nnot reached by some actor wilfully ending it, but because a totality\nof referents is affected”. In\n§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>, I argue that Kalamang\n=i koyet does both. \n[^80]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin (§<a href=\"#sec:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kin\">[sec:kin]</a>). The corpus instances of\ntoni followed by a verb that is not marked with =kin are\nambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’ reading. \n[^81]: This is a morphosyntactic definition for a morphosyntactic\nphenomenon. Often-used criteria such as intonation and event\nstructure (in e.g. ) are argued to be hard to falsify and to follow\nfrom a morphosyntactic definition (e.g. ). \n[^82]: Alternatively, it could be argued that bo is an independent\nform of bot. In that case, complex predicates with bo are not\nSVCs. \n[^83]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin. Toni can also mean ‘say; think’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvctoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvctoni\">14.2.3</a>), so many of the corpus\ninstances of toni followed by a verb that is not marked with\n=kin are ambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’\nreading. \n[^84]: In examples like this, I do not know whether the volitional\nmarker refers to the third person plural subject or to the subject\nof the matrix clause. \n[^85]: Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the\nuse of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only\noccurs on pronouns). \n[^86]: The iamitive can co-occur with the progressive, the iamitive can\nco-occur with the completive, the nondum can co-occur with the\nprogressive and the nondum can co-occur with the completive. The\niamitive and nondum cannot co-occur with each other. The progressive\nand completive cannot co-occur with each other either. \n[^87]: Similar to English ‘yet’. \n[^88]: There is not currently enough data to determine whether the\nposition in the clause has an effect on the scope of the modal\nmarkers. Also, the exact word class of these markers remains\nunclear. Most of them are verb-like (and three of them are borrowed\nfrom Malay verbs), but again, data is too scarce to make a coherent\nproposal, and hence they are just discussed as ‘modal markers’ here. \n[^89]: Suka is likely a nominalised verb or a noun, and hence examples\nwith suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> could be paraphrased as ‘is not\nof subject’s liking’. \n[^90]: Compare Papuan Malay jadi as a sentence-final particle that\nindicates the reason for the sentence, according to . \n[^91]: suggest that temporal-anaphoric adverbs are often diachronic\nsources of apprehensive markers. This also seems to be the case for\nKalamang mena ‘later; otherwise; in case’, which corresponds to\nlocal Malay nanti ‘later’, also used in precautionary\nconstructions . \n[^92]: for the similarities between conditionals and topics see . \n[^93]: As well as into copulas and definite markers . \n[^94]: mention demonstratives as sources for fillers to deal with\nword-formation trouble, but I have only observed me functioning as\na filler between clauses (see\nalso§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a> for placeholder neba). \n[^95]: An adapted version of this section, with focus on the structure\nof The money-defecating cow, will appear in . \n[^96]: There are more indications the latter is the case, e.g. speakers\nasking others for names of protagonists (narr20), giving their names\nat the end of the story (narr28) or supplying background information\n(switching to Malay) after the start of the story (narr18). The only\nstory that was recorded twice, once in Kalamang for the camera and\nan audience of one (besides the linguist) and once in Papuan Malay\nbefore a class of school children, has more background information\nin the second version. This may be due to practice, but it may also\nbe an adaptation to the audience. Alternatively, names and other\ndetails I consider to be ‘background information’ are not deemed\nimportant by the Kalamang storytellers whose narratives were\nanalysed here. \n[^97]: There are more rock formations that are thought to be boat or\nship wrecks, sometimes from as recently as the Second World War.\nSimilar explanations for geographical features in other societies in\neastern Indonesia are given in . Pannell writes that one of her\ninformants noted that “all places which have a name, have a person\nand a history associated with them”. This is the case for Kalamang\nas well, judging from some descriptive coastal place names on the\nbig Karas island, such as Grandmother’s Cape, Women’s Foothill,\nButon Fish House Cape. \n[^98]: I have the impression that this is more used towards outsiders\nwith passive knowledge of Kalamang (such as frequent visitors to the\nisland, or myself) than between Kalamang speakers themselves. There\nare no examples of it in the corpus. \n[^99]: There are three reasons yor is not analysed as meaning ‘yes’.\nFirst, an affirmative answer to a yes/no question is not typically\ngiven with yor but with a repetition of the subject and the verb.\nSecond, Kalamang speakers translate it into Papuan Malay as betul\n‘true’, not as (i)ya ‘yes’. Third, diachronically yor also seems\nto mean ‘true’ or ‘right’. It is used in words and expressions like\nkabor se yor-tayun ‘pregnant’ (lit. ‘stomach already yor-side’)\nand yorsik ‘straight’. \n[^100]: Such obscured or polite forms may also be made in other ways.\nAnother obscured/polite word for sugar or rice is muap iriskap,\nlit. ‘white food’, and another obscured/polite word for pitis\n‘money’ is lolok ‘leaf’. \n[^101]: Archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC6-C>. This text\nserves as an example. Five other glossed and translated texts are\npublished as . ELAN and XML files with glosses and translations are\navailable for all texts in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^102]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFE-F>. \n[^103]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^104]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BEC-7>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: The giant trevally is big.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Imanana ma me temun.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Imanana ma me temun.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Maps", "Header 2": null, "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"ch:maps\" label=\"ch:maps\"></span>\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnarrnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">23.1</a> displays those names\nmentioned in the traditional narratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>).\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnames\">23.2</a> shows all recorded coastal\nnames of the big Karas island, and a few additional place names. For a\nbigger version, zoom in on the digital version of this page, or download\nthe map from the Kalamang archive.[^104] \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names_narratives.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Place names of Karas mentioned in traditional\nnarratives</figcaption>\n</figure> \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Coastal place names of Karas</figcaption>\n</figure> \n[^1]: Data taken from the 2018 and 2019 publications of Statistik Daerah\nKabupaten Fakfak \\[Statistics Fakfak Regency Area\\], published by\nthe Badan Pusat Statistik Daerah Fakfak \\[Central Bureau of\nStatistics Fakfak Area\\]. Publications can be found at\n<https://fakfakkab.bps.go.id/publication.html>. \n[^2]: This map seems to be an unpublished draft, but is for example used\nin . \n[^3]: (Sub)grouping in this paragraph according to Glottolog. \n[^4]: Data on the map (series 1501, sheet SA 53-13, edition 1) comes\nfrom the years 1956-1960. \n[^5]: Archived at <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF4-4> \n[^6]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFB-1> \n[^7]: Recordings of prayers can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF7-4>,\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D> and\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6>. Picture\nmaterial of shared meals is available at the last two links. \n[^8]: These comprise the water in Sebakor Bay, extending southwards at\nleast as far as Kitikiti waterfall (3°50’25.7\"S 132°47’57.5\"E). I do\nnot know if the waters west of the biggest Karas island belong to\nKaras district, or if the water is divided between the\nKalamang-speaking and Uruangnirin-speaking communities. \n[^9]: Of whom at least one has passed away since. \n[^10]: This was operationalised in Indonesian as lancar; yang tahu\nbahasa bagus sekali and kurang lancar; yang masih pikir-pikir. \n[^11]: While there is obviously a cline in proficiency from fluent to\nnon-fluent to minimal, it was no matter of discussion for my two\nconsultants whom to include as fluent and non-fluent speakers, and\nwhom to exclude from the speaker count. \n[^12]: The only instance where I have noticed people showing off with\nKalamang is when in public places in Fakfak with me, but it is used\nto trick others into believing that they are speaking English with\nme. \n[^13]: Kapaur in . \n[^14]: Patimuni in . In other sources spelled as Bah(a)am or Mbahaam. \n[^15]: explain well how the descriptive linguist both informs and is\ninformed by typology and formal linguistics. I can only hope I have\nstruck the right balance. \n[^16]: Audio recordings for phonetic analysis and of paradigms, made in\n2015, contain the voices of four other (partial) speakers. Their\nmetadata can be found in the corpus. \n[^17]: Other people to whom gifts were extended are my hosts in Fakfak\nand Mas, the village head of Mas, my local aunts, uncles and\ngrandmother, and other people with whom I maintained a personal\nrelationship. \n[^18]: The corpus, called The Kalamang collection: an archive of\nlinguistic and cultural material from Karas can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^19]: A fifth field trip was planned for 2020 but had to be cancelled\ndue to COVID-19. Luckily, I had enough data to finish the current\nstudy. Things that I had planned for the last field trip included\ndouble-checking the transcriptions of recordings made in 2019,\ndouble-checking all the examples used in this study, double-checking\nsome lemmas in the dictionary, collecting more pictures for the\ndictionary, recording audio samples of all lemmas, collecting\nrecordings of more genres (such as making offerings, ghost stories,\nand action camera recordings of people in their gardens and loading\na canoe), collecting supplementary grammaticality judgements on\nvarious topics (such as the apprehensive construction, classifiers,\npossessive constructions, prosody, quantifiers and reflexives) and\ncarrying out ethnobotanic/linguistic fieldwork in collaboration with\nan MA student in ethnobotany. \n[^20]: A breath group is what the speaker manages to say between two\nbreaths, and is a convenient way to divide utterances. This division\nwas not strictly followed. Sometimes people would pause without\nbreathing – for example at the end of a non-final clause. Some\nspeakers had a habit of uttering very long stretches of speech,\nseemingly without breathing. These stretches were divided wherever\nit seemed practical to do so during the transcription. \n[^21]: Transcribed recordings are archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^22]: Annotated elicited data is archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A>. \n[^23]: While I do think that there are differences in style and\nnaturalness between the three categories stimulus-based, narrative\nand conversations, I have not actually investigated this. Also, the\ncategories are not clear-cut. The stimulus-based recordings\nobviously can be narratives or conversations, conversations may\ncontain stretches of narrative, narratives may contain a short\nconversation with a passer-by, etc. This classification is just one\nway to give the reader at least some degree of context when reading\nan example. \n[^24]: Defined in as “connected naturally occurring utterance\\[s\\]”. \n[^25]: Some of it can be found in the conversations between Fajaria\nYarkuran and Nurmia Yarkuran (conv9–11, conv13–16), which are\ninterrupted by children entering the room. Some speakers also\naddress the linguist in an opening and a closing of a narrative in\nPapuan Malay (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>). Note that code switching\nbetween Kalamang and Papuan Malay without a change of audience,\ntypically for just a few words at a time, is very common and occurs\nin all recordings. \n[^26]: One song, Loflof, can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF9-5>, and the\nnarratives narr18 and narr19 contain short songs. The ritual chant\ntenggelele can be found in conv8. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:formula\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:formula\">[sec:formula]</a>. \n[^27]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^28]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^29]: These can currently be found at\n<https://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/representations/gloss/index.php?open=../../../../../includes/gramm_category_labels.inc>. \n[^30]: According to . I do not have access to the original report. \n[^31]: In fact, if one takes into account the WALS features and\nlanguages, the Papuan languages do not stand apart from the rest of\nthe world’s languages at all . \n[^32]: : “\\[W\\]e define East Nusantara as a geographical area that\nextends from Sumbawa to the west, across the islands of East Nusa\nTenggara, Maluku including Halmahera, and to the Bird’s Head of New\nGuinea in the east \\[...\\]. In the northwest, the area is bounded by\nSulawesi.” \n[^33]: Melanesia, based on the features considered in , “begins in the\narea of Flores-Sumba-Timor, reaches through New Guinea and into the\nBismarck Archipelago, and concludes in Vanuatu-New Caledonia”\n(p.122). Linguistic Wallacea is similar to East Nusantara.\nLinguistic Wallacea differs from Biological Wallacea in that the\nformer does not include Sulawesi and the latter does not include any\nparts of New Guinea. \n[^34]: Voiced stops do not occur syllable-finally, also not as\nunderlying phonemes. The voiceless stops that are syllable-final are\nso also underlyingly. \n[^35]: As counted in April 2019. \n[^36]: Timothy Usher (p.c.) suggests that this is the case because it\nderives historically from a longer form \\kinV. \n[^37]: Note that this is an intonational* pitch accent, not to be\nconfounded with lexical tones. \n[^38]: I checked 96 Papuan grammars and grammar sketches in 2018. Of\nthese, 29 make some mention of intonation, ranging from a brief\nmention in the chapter on discourse structuring to a number or arrow\nsystem to describe intonation created by the author of the grammar.\nOf these 29, only five grammars include pitch contours. Of those\nfive, only three have pitch contours generated with help of\nsoftware. Those three languages are described here. For the other\ntwo languages, Mauwake and Menggwa Dla, only hand-drawn pitch\ncontours without alignment or a Hz scale are available. The\ndescription of prosody in Qaqet came to my attention in 2020 and was\nadded subsequently. \n[^39]: There are other comparative data that may give a clue to the\norigin of /t/ and /n/. The West Bomberai language Iha has the\n(singular patient) -ny and (plural patient) -te conjugations in\nsome verbs , and the East Timorese language Fataluku has the same\nsubject clitic =n(u) and different subject =t(u) . Although\nKalamang has no synchronic number marking for patients or\nswitch-reference marking, the phonemes /t/ and /n/ may be remnants\nof something similar. \n[^40]: The forms wat and met are underlyingly or diachronically\nwa=at ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span>’ and me=at\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=obj</span>’ (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), respectively, and cannot be\ncompared to a verb such as bo ‘to go’, which has two uninflected\nforms: bo and bot. \n[^41]: Note also that there are instances where there has been an\nobvious loss of prenasalisation between vowels – for example, in the\nnumerals /kodak/ ‘just one’ and /kodaet/ ‘one more’. These are\ndiachronically /kon/ + /tak/ and /kon/ + /taet/, respectively. It is\nlikely that these forms originally were \\[kondak̚\\] and \\[kondaet̚\\]\n(nasal assimilation, §<a href=\"#sec:assim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:assim\">[sec:assim]</a>), which were reanalysed\nas monomorphemic words before the nasal was removed for some reason.\nOtherwise, we would expect \\[korak̚\\] and \\[koraet̚\\] (lenition of\nintervocalic stops, §<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). \n[^42]: I started a test where I let different speakers transcribe the\nsame 11 sentences from corpus recordings, to see how they would\nsegment units. I did not do the test with more than two speakers,\nhowever, because I realised there was a lack of good speakers who\ncould write clearly enough to determine segments. Although most\nKalamang speakers are literate, many of them are not experienced or\nfluent writers. \n[^43]: Except for verbs in the imperative mood, which distinguish\nbetween singular and plural subjects\n(§<a href=\"#sec:verbdistr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbdistr\">[sec:verbdistr]</a>). \n[^44]: Note the similarity of this suffix with the last part of the\npronominal suffix -autak ‘alone’,\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>, and the last part of\nreidak ‘many’,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:inreidak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inreidak\">[exe:inreidak]</a>. \n[^45]: These are analysed as postpositions, not case markers, because of\nthe domain of attachment (the NP, not the noun), a lack of agreement\nor declension paradigms, and because the forms are almost mutually\nexclusive. The author has no strong preference for either analysis,\nand encourages the reader to replace “postposition” with “case\nmarker” in their mind if they wish. \n[^46]: See and for a definition of and information about the categories\niamitive and nondum, respectively. \n[^47]: A sixth root, teit- ‘neighbour’, was elicited as inalienable\nbut does not occur in the natural spoken corpus. \n[^48]: Several data points suggest a link between agentive nominaliser\n-et and a more general “animator”. Many animal names, especially\nthose for insects, end in -et or -let (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:letet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:letet\">48</a>). This is not a productive suffix\non animal names, and there is no proof of a diachronic relation with\nthe agentive nominaliser -et. However, note also the animate\nclassifier et- (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). A speculative relation\ncould be made between donenet ‘black ant’ and -nenen ‘body hair’\n(‘that which is hairy’), and between kalabet ‘earth worm’ and\nkalawen ‘soft’ (‘that which is soft’). Kedederet ‘k.o. bird’\ncould be derived from an onomatopoeion. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndonenet ‘black ant’ kalabet ‘earth worm’ kalkalet ‘mosquito’\nkapapet ‘glassy sweeper (k.o. fish)’ kedederet ‘k.o. small black\nbird’ pabalet ‘fly’ pueselet ‘spider’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:letet\" label=\"exe:letet\"></span> \n</div> \n[^49]: The general associative marker =kin is used to make similar\nconstructions to these. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>. \n[^50]: Japanese and Korean have similar phenomena, where quantifiers can\nbe both inside and outside the NP . \n[^51]: Contra the preliminary analysis of the Kalamang pronominal system\nin , clusivity is a well-established distinction in Kalamang. \n[^52]: This observation is impressionistic. It is based on a corpus\nsearch for pronouns with a suffixed numeral. A confounding factor is\nthat lower numerals are more common than higher numerals. \n[^53]: This is parallel to the local Malay, where mama tua and bapak\ntua are father or mother’s older sister and brother, respectively.\nA parent’s younger sister can be called (mama) ci, but I am not\naware of a corresponding term for men in use on Karas. \n[^54]: Using the established abbreviations for kinship terms: e = elder,\ny = younger, F = father, M = mother, B = brother, Z = sister, S =\nson, D = daughter, H = husband, W = wife. I.e. FeZ means ‘father’s\nelder sister’. \n[^55]: In other words, lineal kin of both two generations up and two\ngenerations down from ego is referred to as tara- \n[^56]: Polygamy is legal in Indonesia but not currently practiced on\nKaras. \n[^57]: Anak piara in local Malay. The parents of such a child are\ntypically alive and capable of taking care of children, and are in\ncontact with the child they have fostered out. This may be a\npractice that takes care of individuals or families that do not or\ncannot have children themselves, while at the same time lifting the\nburden from families with many children. \n[^58]: 7 = 6 + 1 is found in several languages of the area, among which\nare the Aru languages, Onin, Sekar and Uruangnirin . \n[^59]: There might be an intonational difference, but this was not\ntested for. \n[^60]: The West Bomberai language Mbaham has a word muur ‘branch’ and\na transport classifier mu- , and Iha has a classifier mur for\nboats, ‘motor’ and branches (Katherine Walker, p.c.). \n[^61]: While I elicited negative grammaticality judgments for mir-\nwith, for example, other modes of transport or other things made of\nwood, I have not had the chance to test pel- in combination with\nnouns other than ‘banana’. In other words, the status of pel- as a\nunique classifier is based on its lack of appearance in combination\nwith nouns other than ‘banana’ in the current corpus. \n[^62]: maybe tau ‘?’ + eir ‘two’, although ‘two sides’ is tawirir \n[^63]: These are pendapat ‘opinion’ (Malay loan), toman ‘bag’, hak\n‘right’ (Malay loan), kewe ‘house’, asal ‘origin’ (Malay loan)\nand guru ‘teacher’ (Malay loan). A reason that many of these are\nMalay loans might be that possessive constructions in Papuan Malay\nare made with a periphrastic construction (possessor + ‘have’ +\npossessum), which might trigger the use of a possessive pronoun\ninstead of a suffix in Kalamang. In any case, the number of\noccurrences of these words is so low in comparison to those of esa\n‘father’ and ema ‘mother’ that we will not consider them any\nfurther. \n[^64]: There is no restriction against a possessive suffix on a noun\nending in /a/, cf. nika-an ‘my fishing line’. \n[^65]: Compare also tamandi ‘how’, apparently formed with the question\nword root tama and the suffix -ndi. \n[^66]: Karas is spoken on a limestone island that rises out of the sea.\nBoth villages, Mas and Antalisa, are built on a strip of beach and\nthe adjacent slopes. \n[^67]: Note that the phonemes -n and -t (~ -d ~ -r) also occur\non demonstratives and question words, and pose a morphophonological\nproblem that is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>. \n[^68]: Other predicate enclitics, such as non-final =te and =ta or\nprogressive =teba, do not trigger the insertion of -t or -n. \n[^69]: The fact that the form with -n does not carry y- and vice\nversa may be related to them having different stress patterns:\nˈyecie vs eˈcien. All “uninflected” verbs with -n carry stress\non the last syllable, even if the verb without -n carries stress\non the first (e.g. ˈpotma vs potˈman ‘to cut’, ˈparuo vs\npaˈruon ‘to do’, ˈosie vs oˈsien) but yecie is the only one\nwith a difference in initial vowel. Syllable weight does not\nnormally play a role in stress assignment in Kalamang (as described\nin§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>). \n[^70]: Exceptions are gocie ‘to live’ and yecie ‘to return’, but\nbecause these have different semantics I have not listed them here.\nNote, however, that -cie in gocie may also be a morpheme, as\ngo means ‘place’. Those counterparts in -cie marked with an\nasterisk in the table were rejected in elicitation; the gaps remain\nto be tested. \n[^71]: A distinction between na in the meaning ‘to drink’ and in the\nmeaning ‘to eat’ was made to make the dataset comparable with other\nlanguages. Na ‘to eat’ was very unlikely to incorporate. For\ndetails, see . \n[^72]: This is why some reduplications are glossed as\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>’, instead of forcing a specific\nreading on them. \n[^73]: Four words in the lexicon might contain a fossilised prefix\nun-. These are unmasir ‘to give birth’ (cf, masir ‘to weed’),\nunkoryap ‘to divide’ (cf. koryap ‘to divide’, yap ‘to\ndivide’), unkawer ‘body fat’ (kawer not attested) and unsor\n‘orange-spotted trevally’ (cf. sor ‘fish’). \n[^74]: This construction was elicited with a picture of child washing\nits own hair, which was contrasted with a picture of a mother\nbathing a child. Showing the picture was accompanied by a request\nfor a translation of Malay anak mandi diri ‘the child bathes\nitself’ and saya mandi diri ‘I bathe myself’. \n[^75]: The translational equivalent of two applicatives and three\npromoted arguments is not entirely clear and therefore given with a\nquestion mark. \n[^76]: Other languages with a zero morpheme for ‘give’ are the Gum\nlanguages of Papua New Guinea, notably , and , a Muskogean language\n. \n[^77]: For comparative constructions, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:compcon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compcon\">[sec:compcon]</a>. \n[^78]: This is reminiscent of languages such as Candoshi (isolate,\nPeru), which describes colours with terms that translate as ‘like\nthe feathers of a Milvago bird’ . For Candoshi, it is claimed that\nthese terms only have secondary use as colour terms, and that the\nlanguage therefore does not really have colour terms. An overarching\nword ‘colour’ is also lacking. Although the latter is the case for\nKalamang as well, and Kalamang colour terms are clearly derived\nterms, the words mentioned here are used primarily as colour terms.\nPeople backtranslate baranggap as ‘yellow’, for example, and not\nas ‘like turmeric’. \n[^79]: The relation between aspect and universal quantification is\ndiscussed for Timor-Alor languages in . See also : “Completives\ndiffer from finish semantics in that the endpoint of the event is\nnot reached by some actor wilfully ending it, but because a totality\nof referents is affected”. In\n§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>, I argue that Kalamang\n=i koyet does both. \n[^80]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin (§<a href=\"#sec:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kin\">[sec:kin]</a>). The corpus instances of\ntoni followed by a verb that is not marked with =kin are\nambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’ reading. \n[^81]: This is a morphosyntactic definition for a morphosyntactic\nphenomenon. Often-used criteria such as intonation and event\nstructure (in e.g. ) are argued to be hard to falsify and to follow\nfrom a morphosyntactic definition (e.g. ). \n[^82]: Alternatively, it could be argued that bo is an independent\nform of bot. In that case, complex predicates with bo are not\nSVCs. \n[^83]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin. Toni can also mean ‘say; think’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvctoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvctoni\">14.2.3</a>), so many of the corpus\ninstances of toni followed by a verb that is not marked with\n=kin are ambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’\nreading. \n[^84]: In examples like this, I do not know whether the volitional\nmarker refers to the third person plural subject or to the subject\nof the matrix clause. \n[^85]: Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the\nuse of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only\noccurs on pronouns). \n[^86]: The iamitive can co-occur with the progressive, the iamitive can\nco-occur with the completive, the nondum can co-occur with the\nprogressive and the nondum can co-occur with the completive. The\niamitive and nondum cannot co-occur with each other. The progressive\nand completive cannot co-occur with each other either. \n[^87]: Similar to English ‘yet’. \n[^88]: There is not currently enough data to determine whether the\nposition in the clause has an effect on the scope of the modal\nmarkers. Also, the exact word class of these markers remains\nunclear. Most of them are verb-like (and three of them are borrowed\nfrom Malay verbs), but again, data is too scarce to make a coherent\nproposal, and hence they are just discussed as ‘modal markers’ here. \n[^89]: Suka is likely a nominalised verb or a noun, and hence examples\nwith suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> could be paraphrased as ‘is not\nof subject’s liking’. \n[^90]: Compare Papuan Malay jadi as a sentence-final particle that\nindicates the reason for the sentence, according to . \n[^91]: suggest that temporal-anaphoric adverbs are often diachronic\nsources of apprehensive markers. This also seems to be the case for\nKalamang mena ‘later; otherwise; in case’, which corresponds to\nlocal Malay nanti ‘later’, also used in precautionary\nconstructions . \n[^92]: for the similarities between conditionals and topics see . \n[^93]: As well as into copulas and definite markers . \n[^94]: mention demonstratives as sources for fillers to deal with\nword-formation trouble, but I have only observed me functioning as\na filler between clauses (see\nalso§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a> for placeholder neba). \n[^95]: An adapted version of this section, with focus on the structure\nof The money-defecating cow, will appear in . \n[^96]: There are more indications the latter is the case, e.g. speakers\nasking others for names of protagonists (narr20), giving their names\nat the end of the story (narr28) or supplying background information\n(switching to Malay) after the start of the story (narr18). The only\nstory that was recorded twice, once in Kalamang for the camera and\nan audience of one (besides the linguist) and once in Papuan Malay\nbefore a class of school children, has more background information\nin the second version. This may be due to practice, but it may also\nbe an adaptation to the audience. Alternatively, names and other\ndetails I consider to be ‘background information’ are not deemed\nimportant by the Kalamang storytellers whose narratives were\nanalysed here. \n[^97]: There are more rock formations that are thought to be boat or\nship wrecks, sometimes from as recently as the Second World War.\nSimilar explanations for geographical features in other societies in\neastern Indonesia are given in . Pannell writes that one of her\ninformants noted that “all places which have a name, have a person\nand a history associated with them”. This is the case for Kalamang\nas well, judging from some descriptive coastal place names on the\nbig Karas island, such as Grandmother’s Cape, Women’s Foothill,\nButon Fish House Cape. \n[^98]: I have the impression that this is more used towards outsiders\nwith passive knowledge of Kalamang (such as frequent visitors to the\nisland, or myself) than between Kalamang speakers themselves. There\nare no examples of it in the corpus. \n[^99]: There are three reasons yor is not analysed as meaning ‘yes’.\nFirst, an affirmative answer to a yes/no question is not typically\ngiven with yor but with a repetition of the subject and the verb.\nSecond, Kalamang speakers translate it into Papuan Malay as betul\n‘true’, not as (i)ya ‘yes’. Third, diachronically yor also seems\nto mean ‘true’ or ‘right’. It is used in words and expressions like\nkabor se yor-tayun ‘pregnant’ (lit. ‘stomach already yor-side’)\nand yorsik ‘straight’. \n[^100]: Such obscured or polite forms may also be made in other ways.\nAnother obscured/polite word for sugar or rice is muap iriskap,\nlit. ‘white food’, and another obscured/polite word for pitis\n‘money’ is lolok ‘leaf’. \n[^101]: Archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC6-C>. This text\nserves as an example. Five other glossed and translated texts are\npublished as . ELAN and XML files with glosses and translations are\navailable for all texts in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^102]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFE-F>. \n[^103]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^104]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BEC-7>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Wordlist", "Header 2": "Wordlist Kalamang-English", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut" } ], "index": 84, "level": "low_resource", "question": "The giant trevally is big.", "split": "train" }
An kona in baratnin.	I think we don't come down.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: I think we don't come down.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"think\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: flea thing\nKalamang translation: mutam\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"think\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: think\nKalamang translation: toni; kona; nafikir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"we\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: west-wind season\nKalamang translation: kemanurpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"we\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: well\nKalamang translation: nabestai\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"don\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cotton\nKalamang translation: kai kawas; kapas\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"don\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"t\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: may the sun pull out your liver\nKalamang translation: yuon ba mintolmaretkon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"t\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: young coconut\nKalamang translation: wat kabur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"come\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: come.out\nKalamang translation: taluk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"come\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: come\nKalamang translation: luk; mei; mia\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"down\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: down\nKalamang translation: yawe\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"down\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: break down\nKalamang translation: maorek\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"think\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I hit a sharp thing, then I screamed: ouch!\nKalamang translation: An don kang komain, eba an arekmang: adihǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"think\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The cat is dropping that thing.\nKalamang translation: Sikan don met naberuai bara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"we\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Thirty we bought.\nKalamang translation: Putkon karuia pi jieret.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"we\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We sat chatting, Bobi's mother said something wrong, we laughed at her.\nKalamang translation: In melalu garungda, Bobi emun salai garungda, in mat komayeki.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"don\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"don\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm mad at her, I don't feel good about her.\nKalamang translation: An mat kademor, an mat ninan kurang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"t\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's mother is heating banana leaves, she wants to make a \"lamet\".\nKalamang translation: Ruslan emuna imolat balare lamerat paruotkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"t\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many leaves at the side of our house, avocado leaves.\nKalamang translation: Kewe mul inggon me lolok reidak, afokat olun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"come\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The rainbow that comes down from there blocks the wind.\nKalamang translation: Kalis tanggira he osangga bara urat namot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"come\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They come back from the mountain, they are hungry.\nKalamang translation: Mu kolaka bore yecie mu he muisese.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"down\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Onin's father and family break down their house's roof.\nKalamang translation: Onin esun mu keweun sengunara maorek.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"down\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm writing down Eline's Kalamang.\nKalamang translation: An Elin Kalamangmangunara natulis.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:idphon\" label=\"sec:idphon\"></span> Ideophones are an “open\nlexical class of marked words that depict sensory imagery” . Several\nwords in the Kalamang lexicon could qualify as such. They stand out\nstructurally by being repetitive and containing several \\[r\\]’s or\nnasals, there is a resemblance between form and meaning, and their\nmeanings are related to sensory imagery. Because it is not clear which\nwords actually belong to this class, it was not introduced as a separate\nword class in Chapter<a href=\"#ch:wc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:wc\">[ch:wc]</a>. Here, I provide suggestions of which\nwords might be analysed as ideophones. \nTwo words discussed as possible manner adverbials in\n§<a href=\"#sec:manner\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:manner\">[sec:manner]</a> could be examples of\nideophones. These are sororo and dumuni. Though translational\nequivalents could not be offered, they seem related to the way certain\nquick movements look. Sororoi is used twice in the corpus, in the same\nstory, to modify the verb bara ‘descend’ in the context of climbing\ndown a tree. The utterance\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sororoii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sororoii\">[exe:sororoii]</a>) follows an order made\nby a giant for the protagonist of the story to come down. It is unclear\nwhich meaning sororoi adds to the utterance. Dumuni (variant\ndimuni) has eight occurrences in the corpus, and it seems to indicate\na change of direction in movement. This is illustrated by the examples\nin(<a href=\"#exe:dumunall\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dumunall\">[exe:dumunall]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:gontumm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gontumm\">[exe:gontumm]</a>), the main verb (‘to use’\nor ‘to eat’) is elided. A third word puru(ru) is also a candidate. In\ncontrast to sororoi and dumuni, puru(ru) is found in different\nsyntactic slots than as a verb modifier. Its three corpus examples are\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:pururuu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pururuu\">[exe:pururuu]</a>). Puru(ru) seems to\nexpress an unruly manner of falling or collapsing. What the three words\nhave in common is that they are related to manner of movement. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sororoi bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span>\ndescend\n‘She climbed down.’ <span id=\"exe:sororoii\" label=\"exe:sororoii\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nma tumun opa me se mengga dumuni ra\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> go\n‘That child already escaped? to there.’ <span id=\"exe:dumunii\"\nlabel=\"exe:dumunii\"></span> sabar se dumuni Nyong emun=kongga mengga\nmara\nfront <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> Nyong\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=an.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> move_landwards\n‘The front \\[of the canoe\\] already turned? towards Nyong’s mother on\nthe land-side.’ an toni pasa ... barsi=ten se koyet eh eba koi pi\ndumuni goni-tumun kon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say rice\nclean.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span> then then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> sack-small one\n‘I said the clean rice is finished, right, then we turn? to the one\nsmall sack.’ <span id=\"exe:gontumm\" label=\"exe:gontumm\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:dumunall\" label=\"exe:dumunall\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nma se pururu∼pururu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\npururu∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘It is ramshackle.’ <span id=\"exe:pururu\" label=\"exe:pururu\"></span>\nlolok kawat∼kawat pururu=i barat=et\nleaf branch∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span>\npururu=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Leaves and branches fell down.’ <span id=\"exe:kawatka\"\nlabel=\"exe:kawatka\"></span> ma keit osangga puru=ten=kap=te bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> top\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up.lat</span>\npururu=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ndescend\n‘He fell from that top up there.’ <span id=\"exe:pururen\"\nlabel=\"exe:pururen\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:pururuu\" label=\"exe:pururuu\"></span> \n</div> \nOther words that might classify as ideophones are bameoma, nainain\nand arerara, but have only one occurrence each in the corpus.\nBameoma in(<a href=\"#exe:bameoma\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bameoma\">[exe:bameoma]</a>) seems to express\ngrumbling or mumbling dissatisfied under one’s breath. Nainain\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nainain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nainain\">[exe:nainain]</a>), used twice by the same\nspeaker in the same text, could express talking or rambling on.\nAlternatively, this is a repeated nain ‘like’, but the fact that this\nspeaker does not repeat nain elsewhere in the recording and says\nnainain twice in relation to speaking suggests that this is an\nideophone. Arerara could be derived from the negative interjection\nade(h), sometimes pronounced are(h), expressing contempt or\ndissatisfaction. In(<a href=\"#exe:yaaulah\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yaaulah\">[exe:yaaulah]</a>), the speaker expresses\ndissatisfaction or annoyance with a naughty child. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nesnem nak-nokidak bameoma\nman just-be_silent bameoma\n‘The man was just silent: “Bameoma.”’ <span id=\"exe:bameoma\"\nlabel=\"exe:bameoma\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan nainain an ewa=et me ka tok∼tok=ta\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> nainain\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nstill∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘I “nainain”, when I speak, you wait.’ an nainain ewa=i koyet=te eba\nka=taet koi ewat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> nainain\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>=again then\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After I “nainain” finish speaking then you speak again.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nainain\" label=\"exe:nainain\"></span> ma toni ya_aula kier\narerara tumun yuwane tamandi=a\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say my_god\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span> arerara child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘She says: “My god, you two and this child, what should we do about\nyou?”’ <span id=\"exe:yaaulah\" label=\"exe:yaaulah\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:manner\" label=\"sec:manner\"></span> Kalamang has three\nmanner adverbials, the meaning of only one of which is clear: loi\n‘quickly’. Manner adverbials are part of the predicate, scoping over it,\nand come before the verb. They possibly end in predicate linker =i\n(see §<a href=\"#sec:mvci\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvci\">14.1</a>). They cannot, however, be inflected\nlike regular verbs, and with the exception of loi, do not occur\nindependently of another verb. \nLoi ‘quickly’ is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:loi1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:loi1\">[exe:loi1]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:loi2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:loi2\">[exe:loi2]</a>). Though analysed as\nmonomorphemic here, it is likely that the final -i is an instance of\npredicate linker =i. It can also stand alone as a command (with the\nimperative clitic: lo=te). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkome=i koyet loi eti\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish quickly return\n‘\\[When you’re\\] done looking, return quickly.’ <span id=\"exe:loi1\"\nlabel=\"exe:loi1\"></span> ka se loi gonggin=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nquickly know=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘You quickly learn.’ <span id=\"exe:loi2\" label=\"exe:loi2\"></span> \n</div> \nThe second manner adverbial, dumuni, only has eight occurrences in the\ncorpus, and its semantics are not entirely clear. It is only used with\nevents that express movement, and the use of dumuni seems to indicate\na change of direction. This is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:dumuni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dumuni\">[exe:dumuni]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:gontum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gontum\">[exe:gontum]</a>). The question marks in the\ntranslation lines indicate that I am not sure whether I used the right\nverb. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tumun opa me se mengga dumuni ra\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> go\n‘That child already escaped? to there.’ <span id=\"exe:dumuni\"\nlabel=\"exe:dumuni\"></span> sabar se dumuni Nyong emunkongga mengga\nmara\nfront <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> Nyong\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss-an.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> move_landwards\n‘The front \\[of the canoe\\] already turned? towards Nyong’s mother on\nthe land-side.’ an toni pasa ... barsi=ten se koyet eh eba koi pi\ndumuni goni-tumun kon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say rice\nclean.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span> then then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> sack-small one\n‘I said the clean rice is finished, right, then we turn? to the one\nsmall sack.’ <span id=\"exe:gontum\" label=\"exe:gontum\"></span> \n</div> \nThe third manner adverbial, sororoi, occurs twice in the corpus, in\nthe same story, to modify the verb bara ‘descend’ in the context of\nclimbing down a tree. The utterance\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sororoi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sororoi\">[exe:sororoi]</a>) follows an order made by\na giant for the protagonist of the story to come down. It is unclear\nwhich exact meaning sororoi adds to the utterance, but speakers have\nindicated it has to do with manner. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sororoi bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span>\ndescend\n‘She climbed down.’ <span id=\"exe:sororoi\" label=\"exe:sororoi\"></span> \n</div> \nDumuni and sororoi are perhaps better analysed as ideophones. This\noption is entertained in\n§<a href=\"#sec:idphon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:idphon\">[sec:idphon]</a>. \nOtherwise, manner is usually expressed in complex predicates (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:svc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:svc\">[ch:svc]</a>, especially\n§<a href=\"#sec:svcmanneri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:svcmanneri\">[sec:svcmanneri]</a>). Manner\ndemonstratives wandi ‘like this’ and mindi ‘like that’ can be found\nin Chapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: I think we don't come down.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "An kona in baratnin.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "An kona in baratnin.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "Ideophones", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:idphon\" label=\"sec:idphon\"></span> Ideophones are an “open\nlexical class of marked words that depict sensory imagery” . Several\nwords in the Kalamang lexicon could qualify as such. They stand out\nstructurally by being repetitive and containing several \\[r\\]’s or\nnasals, there is a resemblance between form and meaning, and their\nmeanings are related to sensory imagery. Because it is not clear which\nwords actually belong to this class, it was not introduced as a separate\nword class in Chapter<a href=\"#ch:wc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:wc\">[ch:wc]</a>. Here, I provide suggestions of which\nwords might be analysed as ideophones. \nTwo words discussed as possible manner adverbials in\n§<a href=\"#sec:manner\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:manner\">[sec:manner]</a> could be examples of\nideophones. These are sororo and dumuni. Though translational\nequivalents could not be offered, they seem related to the way certain\nquick movements look. Sororoi is used twice in the corpus, in the same\nstory, to modify the verb bara ‘descend’ in the context of climbing\ndown a tree. The utterance\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sororoii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sororoii\">[exe:sororoii]</a>) follows an order made\nby a giant for the protagonist of the story to come down. It is unclear\nwhich meaning sororoi adds to the utterance. Dumuni (variant\ndimuni) has eight occurrences in the corpus, and it seems to indicate\na change of direction in movement. This is illustrated by the examples\nin(<a href=\"#exe:dumunall\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dumunall\">[exe:dumunall]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:gontumm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gontumm\">[exe:gontumm]</a>), the main verb (‘to use’\nor ‘to eat’) is elided. A third word puru(ru) is also a candidate. In\ncontrast to sororoi and dumuni, puru(ru) is found in different\nsyntactic slots than as a verb modifier. Its three corpus examples are\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:pururuu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pururuu\">[exe:pururuu]</a>). Puru(ru) seems to\nexpress an unruly manner of falling or collapsing. What the three words\nhave in common is that they are related to manner of movement. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sororoi bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span>\ndescend\n‘She climbed down.’ <span id=\"exe:sororoii\" label=\"exe:sororoii\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nma tumun opa me se mengga dumuni ra\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> go\n‘That child already escaped? to there.’ <span id=\"exe:dumunii\"\nlabel=\"exe:dumunii\"></span> sabar se dumuni Nyong emun=kongga mengga\nmara\nfront <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> Nyong\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=an.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> move_landwards\n‘The front \\[of the canoe\\] already turned? towards Nyong’s mother on\nthe land-side.’ an toni pasa ... barsi=ten se koyet eh eba koi pi\ndumuni goni-tumun kon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say rice\nclean.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span> then then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> sack-small one\n‘I said the clean rice is finished, right, then we turn? to the one\nsmall sack.’ <span id=\"exe:gontumm\" label=\"exe:gontumm\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:dumunall\" label=\"exe:dumunall\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nma se pururu∼pururu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\npururu∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘It is ramshackle.’ <span id=\"exe:pururu\" label=\"exe:pururu\"></span>\nlolok kawat∼kawat pururu=i barat=et\nleaf branch∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span>\npururu=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Leaves and branches fell down.’ <span id=\"exe:kawatka\"\nlabel=\"exe:kawatka\"></span> ma keit osangga puru=ten=kap=te bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> top\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up.lat</span>\npururu=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ndescend\n‘He fell from that top up there.’ <span id=\"exe:pururen\"\nlabel=\"exe:pururen\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:pururuu\" label=\"exe:pururuu\"></span> \n</div> \nOther words that might classify as ideophones are bameoma, nainain\nand arerara, but have only one occurrence each in the corpus.\nBameoma in(<a href=\"#exe:bameoma\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bameoma\">[exe:bameoma]</a>) seems to express\ngrumbling or mumbling dissatisfied under one’s breath. Nainain\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nainain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nainain\">[exe:nainain]</a>), used twice by the same\nspeaker in the same text, could express talking or rambling on.\nAlternatively, this is a repeated nain ‘like’, but the fact that this\nspeaker does not repeat nain elsewhere in the recording and says\nnainain twice in relation to speaking suggests that this is an\nideophone. Arerara could be derived from the negative interjection\nade(h), sometimes pronounced are(h), expressing contempt or\ndissatisfaction. In(<a href=\"#exe:yaaulah\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yaaulah\">[exe:yaaulah]</a>), the speaker expresses\ndissatisfaction or annoyance with a naughty child. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nesnem nak-nokidak bameoma\nman just-be_silent bameoma\n‘The man was just silent: “Bameoma.”’ <span id=\"exe:bameoma\"\nlabel=\"exe:bameoma\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan nainain an ewa=et me ka tok∼tok=ta\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> nainain\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nstill∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘I “nainain”, when I speak, you wait.’ an nainain ewa=i koyet=te eba\nka=taet koi ewat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> nainain\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>=again then\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After I “nainain” finish speaking then you speak again.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nainain\" label=\"exe:nainain\"></span> ma toni ya_aula kier\narerara tumun yuwane tamandi=a\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say my_god\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span> arerara child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘She says: “My god, you two and this child, what should we do about\nyou?”’ <span id=\"exe:yaaulah\" label=\"exe:yaaulah\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Adverbial modifiers", "Header 3": "Manner adverbials", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:manner\" label=\"sec:manner\"></span> Kalamang has three\nmanner adverbials, the meaning of only one of which is clear: loi\n‘quickly’. Manner adverbials are part of the predicate, scoping over it,\nand come before the verb. They possibly end in predicate linker =i\n(see §<a href=\"#sec:mvci\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvci\">14.1</a>). They cannot, however, be inflected\nlike regular verbs, and with the exception of loi, do not occur\nindependently of another verb. \nLoi ‘quickly’ is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:loi1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:loi1\">[exe:loi1]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:loi2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:loi2\">[exe:loi2]</a>). Though analysed as\nmonomorphemic here, it is likely that the final -i is an instance of\npredicate linker =i. It can also stand alone as a command (with the\nimperative clitic: lo=te). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkome=i koyet loi eti\nlook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish quickly return\n‘\\[When you’re\\] done looking, return quickly.’ <span id=\"exe:loi1\"\nlabel=\"exe:loi1\"></span> ka se loi gonggin=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nquickly know=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘You quickly learn.’ <span id=\"exe:loi2\" label=\"exe:loi2\"></span> \n</div> \nThe second manner adverbial, dumuni, only has eight occurrences in the\ncorpus, and its semantics are not entirely clear. It is only used with\nevents that express movement, and the use of dumuni seems to indicate\na change of direction. This is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:dumuni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dumuni\">[exe:dumuni]</a>)\nto(<a href=\"#exe:gontum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gontum\">[exe:gontum]</a>). The question marks in the\ntranslation lines indicate that I am not sure whether I used the right\nverb. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tumun opa me se mengga dumuni ra\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> go\n‘That child already escaped? to there.’ <span id=\"exe:dumuni\"\nlabel=\"exe:dumuni\"></span> sabar se dumuni Nyong emunkongga mengga\nmara\nfront <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> Nyong\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss-an.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> move_landwards\n‘The front \\[of the canoe\\] already turned? towards Nyong’s mother on\nthe land-side.’ an toni pasa ... barsi=ten se koyet eh eba koi pi\ndumuni goni-tumun kon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say rice\nclean.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span> then then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> sack-small one\n‘I said the clean rice is finished, right, then we turn? to the one\nsmall sack.’ <span id=\"exe:gontum\" label=\"exe:gontum\"></span> \n</div> \nThe third manner adverbial, sororoi, occurs twice in the corpus, in\nthe same story, to modify the verb bara ‘descend’ in the context of\nclimbing down a tree. The utterance\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sororoi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sororoi\">[exe:sororoi]</a>) follows an order made by\na giant for the protagonist of the story to come down. It is unclear\nwhich exact meaning sororoi adds to the utterance, but speakers have\nindicated it has to do with manner. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sororoi bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span>\ndescend\n‘She climbed down.’ <span id=\"exe:sororoi\" label=\"exe:sororoi\"></span> \n</div> \nDumuni and sororoi are perhaps better analysed as ideophones. This\noption is entertained in\n§<a href=\"#sec:idphon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:idphon\">[sec:idphon]</a>. \nOtherwise, manner is usually expressed in complex predicates (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:svc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:svc\">[ch:svc]</a>, especially\n§<a href=\"#sec:svcmanneri\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:svcmanneri\">[sec:svcmanneri]</a>). Manner\ndemonstratives wandi ‘like this’ and mindi ‘like that’ can be found\nin Chapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>." } ], "index": 85, "level": "low_resource", "question": "I think we don't come down.", "split": "train" }
Gowien me kasawari reidak.	At Gowien there are many cassowary's.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: At Gowien there are many cassowary's.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"At\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: motor boat\nKalamang translation: jonsong\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"At\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: young coconut\nKalamang translation: wat kabur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Gowien\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: broken\nKalamang translation: kararcie; salaboung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Gowien\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: then\nKalamang translation: baru; eba; koi; mera; siktak; terus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"there\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"there\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: over there\nKalamang translation: owa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"are\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"many\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: many hungry people\nKalamang translation: muawesese\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"many\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how many\nKalamang translation: puraman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cassowary\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cassava\nKalamang translation: panggala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"cassowary\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cassowary\nKalamang translation: kasawari\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"At\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Wer there are many Colocassia's.\nKalamang translation: Wer me kies koladok me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"At\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Gowien\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Those women just sit chatting\nKalamang translation: Emumur yume melalu garung deba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Gowien\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many roving coral groupers at Gowien.\nKalamang translation: Kabaruap gotamtam me Gowien me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"there\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Is there fish or not?\nKalamang translation: Sor mambon ye saerak?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"there\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Yasin's father and Bakir's mother are cross-cousins.\nKalamang translation: Yasin esun me Bakri emun me korapmur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"are\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"many\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother has many chickens, but they are still small.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun kokoun reidak ba tok kinkinun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"many\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many lusi muaun trees at Sar, but they are dry.\nKalamang translation: Lusi muaun me Sarko reidak ma ma he sasa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cassowary\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mister Sam and associates go fishing to stab stingrays.\nKalamang translation: Pak Sam mu bo masura isisat komain.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"cassowary\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The trevally bit, Dela's father and associates caught it.\nKalamang translation: Irausi na, Dela esun mua ramie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:socioling\" label=\"sec:socioling\"></span> Following\nUNESCO’s language vitality and endangerment framework, Kalamang is\n“definitely endangered” (corresponding to Ethnologue’s EGIDS level 7,\n“shifting”), as the children’s generation does not acquire the language. \nA speaker count was conducted in 2019 and identified 134 fluent\nspeakers[^9] and 56 non-fluent speakers. The count was executed as\nfollows. With two consultants (who are fluent speakers themselves), I\nwrote down the names of all Kalamang speakers, grouping them under the\nhousehold they are associated with. That way, we ensured that speakers\nwho moved away from Mas or Antalisa were also counted. The speakers were\ndivided into two groups: fluent speakers and non-fluent speakers.[^10]\nFluent speakers are people who both understand and speak Kalamang\nfluently. The great majority of these live in Mas or Antalisa.\nNon-fluent speakers are speakers who understand, but do not speak\nKalamang fluently – for example, people who grew up in a\nKalamang-speaking household but who were not actively encouraged to use\nthe language themselves, or people who moved away from Karas as children\nor as young adolescents. \nI am aware of the problems with this way of classifying and counting\nspeakers, so this should be seen as a rough estimate, which is\nnonetheless the only one at my disposal. Though my consultants may of\ncourse have made judgements that I or other linguists would not\nnecessarily agree with, there was ready agreement between me and the two\nconsultants on the classification of those speakers who I personally\nknow, about half. For the other half, the two consultants agreed on the\nqualification of all speakers. The consultants, like any member of the\nKalamang community, know all the other members of the community. Those\nreaders who are of the opinion that an assessment of language\nproficiency cannot be made in this way may simply add the fluent and\nnon-fluent speakers together to arrive at the number of Kalamang\nspeakers. \nOf the fluent speakers, 83 live in or are associated with families in\nMas, and 51 live in or are associated with families in Antalisa. Of the\nnon-fluent speakers, 35 live in or are associated with families in Mas,\nand 21 live in or are associated with families in Antalisa. The\ndiscrepancy here is partly attributable to the fact that speakers living\nin or associated with Mas were counted first, such that people who have\nassociations with families in both villages were counted for Mas. A\nconfounding factor, which might raise the number of Kalamang speakers\nslightly, is the fact that the count was performed by inhabitants of\nMas. There is a small chance that they had forgotten some of the\nspeakers associated with Antalisa families. Details of the speaker count\ncan be found in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BED-1>. The data are\nsummarised in Table<a href=\"#tab:spcount\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:spcount\">2.1</a>. Note that according to the 2018\ncensus, Mas has 216 inhabitants and Antalisa has 203. Although we have\nnot counted fluent and non-fluent speakers currently living in Mas and\nAntalisa, it is clear that less than half of the inhabitants of each\nvillage are fluent or non-fluent speakers of Kalamang. \n<div id=\"tab:spcount\"> \n\| \| fluent \| non-fluent \|\n\|:---------\|:-------\|:-----------\|\n\| Mas \| 83 \| 35 \|\n\| Antalisa \| 51 \| 21 \|\n\| total \| 134 \| 56 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nKalamang speaker count \n</div> \nA language shift from Kalamang to Papuan Malay is currently happening in\nMas and Antalisa. The great majority of people born on the bigger Karas\nisland before 1980 are fluent in Kalamang. They use Kalamang on a daily\nbasis with other Kalamang speakers in all kinds of settings. There is\nneither shame or taboo, nor pride connected to using the language. All\nKalamang speakers are bilingual in Papuan Malay (PM), and some also in\nBahasa Indonesia (see comments in\n§<a href=\"#sec:malay\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:malay\">[sec:malay]</a> below on the difference).\nPapuan Malay is used in those instances where a non-Kalamang speaker\njoins the conversation. Naturally, these situations include, for\nexample, village gatherings and wedding speeches; but Kalamang is by no\nmeans avoided at such events for conversations in smaller groups or for\nthe performance of rituals. Speakers born before 1980 have reported not\nto have learned Papuan Malay or Indonesian before entering school. A\nprimary school was built in Antalisa in the 1970s. Children from Mas\nwent to school in Antalisa until a primary school was built in Mas in\n1982. \nThere is a sharp cline in fluent speakers for people born roughly\nbetween 1980 and 1990. No one born after 1990 can be counted as a fluent\nspeaker. There are very few households with two fluent Kalamang-speaking\nparents and children born after 1990, but even in those households the\nchildren are not raised in Kalamang. As indicated above, non-fluent\nspeakers have a good passive command of Kalamang. Fluent Kalamang\nspeakers do not necessarily shift to Papuan Malay when they join the\nconversation, but they are not expected to actively contribute, although\nthey can express themselves in a simple way in Kalamang. In one-on-one\ncommunication they are typically addressed in Papuan Malay, and respond\nlikewise. All other people born in Mas or Antalisa have minimal\nknowledge of Kalamang, and are not counted as Kalamang speakers. Born to\nat least one Kalamang-speaking parent, they typically understand some\nbut not all Kalamang (e.g. simple commands and greetings), know a few\ndozen common words, and can say a handful of standard phrases. They\ncannot freely create simple clauses. They communicate in Papuan Malay\nwith both elders and peers. A rough overview of Kalamang competence per\nage group is given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:fluency\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:fluency\">2.2</a>.[^11] \n<div id=\"tab:fluency\"> \n\| born \| level \|\n\|:------------\|:-------------------------------------------\|\n\| before 1980 \| large majority fluent \|\n\| 1980s \| some fluent, some non-fluent, some minimal \|\n\| after 1990 \| some non-fluent, many minimal \|\n\| \| \| \nCompetence per age group, estimates \n</div> \nEthnologue’s page on Kalamang (which they have as Karas) says it is\nthreatened by Iha. None of my consultants know Iha, and I have not heard\nanyone communicate in it. Many Kalamang speakers, on the other hand,\nhave a good passive knowledge of the neighbouring language Uruangnirin.\nBecause exogamy is common, there are many speakers with other mother\ntongues in the Kalamang-speaking villages. Since there is often more\nthan one person from the same language area, these languages may also be\nheard. At the time of writing, the most frequent languages in Mas (after\nPapuan Malay and Kalamang) are Geser-Gorom, and . While the latter two\nare only spoken by the parent generation, Geser-Gorom is spoken by both\nthe grandparent and the parent generation. None of these (nor other\nIndonesian languages) are transmitted to children. My oldest consultants\nhave reported that when they were young, brides and grooms that moved to\na Kalamang-speaking village from other language areas acquired Kalamang.\nThis practice has since been replaced with being the language of\ncommunication in mixed marriages. \nAs stated above, fluent Kalamang speakers seem to have a neutral\nattitude towards their language. They would never hide the fact that\nthey speak the language, nor would they show off with it.[^12] Speakers\noccasionally express regret that their children do not speak Kalamang,\nbut rather than blaming themselves for not transmitting the language to\ntheir children, they blame their children for being too stupid to learn\nKalamang. I have not heard people express fears that their children do\nnot acquire Papuan Malay well enough if they learn Kalamang, although\nthis might be an underlying factor. \nKalamang has no written tradition, and is not used as an administrative\nlanguage. When asked, people readily write Kalamang words and texts\nwithout problems, using Indonesian orthography, which fits Kalamang\nphonology well (see §<a href=\"#sec:not\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:not\">2.6.6</a>). In the past three years, with the\nspread of cheap smartphones and internet connections, some Kalamang may\nbe found on social media such as Facebook. But as it is mainly\nnon-fluent and passive speakers who are connected, the use of Kalamang\nseems limited to short phrases alternating with Papuan Malay. \nKalamang does not display any identifiable dialectal differences. This\nis perhaps because Mas and Antalisa are small communities with frequent\ncontact and intermarriage. I have not registered any differences for\ngender, age group or other social or demographic factors. Having said\nthat, there is quite a bit of idiolectal (sometimes also intra-speaker)\nvariation in the pronunciation of certain words. This is indicated in\nthe dictionary and, as far as generalisations can be made, described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:consvar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:consvar\">[sec:consvar]</a>\nand§<a href=\"#sec:freevarvow\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:freevarvow\">[sec:freevarvow]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:schwa\" label=\"sec:schwa\"></span> In fast or casual speech,\n/a/ and especially /e/ in unstressed syllables\n(§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>) are commonly reduced to\n\\[ə\\]. If both /e/ and /a/ occur in unstressed syllables, as in\nsedawak ‘machete’, only /e/ is reduced. Examples are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:menadu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menadu\">[exe:menadu]</a>). \n\\[ma.ˈna.du\\] ∼ \\[mə.ˈna.du\\] ‘taro’\n\\[ga.ˈla\\] ∼ \\[gə.ˈla\\] ‘spear’\n\\[ka.niŋ.go.ˈni.e\\] ∼ \\[ka.niŋ.go.ˈni.ə\\] ‘nine’\n\\[se.da.ˈwak̚\\] ∼ \\[sə.da.ˈwak̚\\] ‘machete’\n\\[pe.ˈlɛr\\] ∼ \\[pə.ˈlɛr\\] ‘mast’ <span id=\"exe:menadu\"\nlabel=\"exe:menadu\"></span> \nExactly under which circumstances reduction to /ə/ takes place in\nKalamang is a question for further research. Next to speech style and\nstress, there are many other possible factors, such as syllable type,\nposition in the word and frequency of the word (cf. ).\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: At Gowien there are many cassowary's.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Gowien me kasawari reidak.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Gowien me kasawari reidak.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "Sociolinguistic situation", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:socioling\" label=\"sec:socioling\"></span> Following\nUNESCO’s language vitality and endangerment framework, Kalamang is\n“definitely endangered” (corresponding to Ethnologue’s EGIDS level 7,\n“shifting”), as the children’s generation does not acquire the language. \nA speaker count was conducted in 2019 and identified 134 fluent\nspeakers[^9] and 56 non-fluent speakers. The count was executed as\nfollows. With two consultants (who are fluent speakers themselves), I\nwrote down the names of all Kalamang speakers, grouping them under the\nhousehold they are associated with. That way, we ensured that speakers\nwho moved away from Mas or Antalisa were also counted. The speakers were\ndivided into two groups: fluent speakers and non-fluent speakers.[^10]\nFluent speakers are people who both understand and speak Kalamang\nfluently. The great majority of these live in Mas or Antalisa.\nNon-fluent speakers are speakers who understand, but do not speak\nKalamang fluently – for example, people who grew up in a\nKalamang-speaking household but who were not actively encouraged to use\nthe language themselves, or people who moved away from Karas as children\nor as young adolescents. \nI am aware of the problems with this way of classifying and counting\nspeakers, so this should be seen as a rough estimate, which is\nnonetheless the only one at my disposal. Though my consultants may of\ncourse have made judgements that I or other linguists would not\nnecessarily agree with, there was ready agreement between me and the two\nconsultants on the classification of those speakers who I personally\nknow, about half. For the other half, the two consultants agreed on the\nqualification of all speakers. The consultants, like any member of the\nKalamang community, know all the other members of the community. Those\nreaders who are of the opinion that an assessment of language\nproficiency cannot be made in this way may simply add the fluent and\nnon-fluent speakers together to arrive at the number of Kalamang\nspeakers. \nOf the fluent speakers, 83 live in or are associated with families in\nMas, and 51 live in or are associated with families in Antalisa. Of the\nnon-fluent speakers, 35 live in or are associated with families in Mas,\nand 21 live in or are associated with families in Antalisa. The\ndiscrepancy here is partly attributable to the fact that speakers living\nin or associated with Mas were counted first, such that people who have\nassociations with families in both villages were counted for Mas. A\nconfounding factor, which might raise the number of Kalamang speakers\nslightly, is the fact that the count was performed by inhabitants of\nMas. There is a small chance that they had forgotten some of the\nspeakers associated with Antalisa families. Details of the speaker count\ncan be found in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BED-1>. The data are\nsummarised in Table<a href=\"#tab:spcount\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:spcount\">2.1</a>. Note that according to the 2018\ncensus, Mas has 216 inhabitants and Antalisa has 203. Although we have\nnot counted fluent and non-fluent speakers currently living in Mas and\nAntalisa, it is clear that less than half of the inhabitants of each\nvillage are fluent or non-fluent speakers of Kalamang. \n<div id=\"tab:spcount\"> \n\| \| fluent \| non-fluent \|\n\|:---------\|:-------\|:-----------\|\n\| Mas \| 83 \| 35 \|\n\| Antalisa \| 51 \| 21 \|\n\| total \| 134 \| 56 \|\n\| \| \| \| \nKalamang speaker count \n</div> \nA language shift from Kalamang to Papuan Malay is currently happening in\nMas and Antalisa. The great majority of people born on the bigger Karas\nisland before 1980 are fluent in Kalamang. They use Kalamang on a daily\nbasis with other Kalamang speakers in all kinds of settings. There is\nneither shame or taboo, nor pride connected to using the language. All\nKalamang speakers are bilingual in Papuan Malay (PM), and some also in\nBahasa Indonesia (see comments in\n§<a href=\"#sec:malay\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:malay\">[sec:malay]</a> below on the difference).\nPapuan Malay is used in those instances where a non-Kalamang speaker\njoins the conversation. Naturally, these situations include, for\nexample, village gatherings and wedding speeches; but Kalamang is by no\nmeans avoided at such events for conversations in smaller groups or for\nthe performance of rituals. Speakers born before 1980 have reported not\nto have learned Papuan Malay or Indonesian before entering school. A\nprimary school was built in Antalisa in the 1970s. Children from Mas\nwent to school in Antalisa until a primary school was built in Mas in\n1982. \nThere is a sharp cline in fluent speakers for people born roughly\nbetween 1980 and 1990. No one born after 1990 can be counted as a fluent\nspeaker. There are very few households with two fluent Kalamang-speaking\nparents and children born after 1990, but even in those households the\nchildren are not raised in Kalamang. As indicated above, non-fluent\nspeakers have a good passive command of Kalamang. Fluent Kalamang\nspeakers do not necessarily shift to Papuan Malay when they join the\nconversation, but they are not expected to actively contribute, although\nthey can express themselves in a simple way in Kalamang. In one-on-one\ncommunication they are typically addressed in Papuan Malay, and respond\nlikewise. All other people born in Mas or Antalisa have minimal\nknowledge of Kalamang, and are not counted as Kalamang speakers. Born to\nat least one Kalamang-speaking parent, they typically understand some\nbut not all Kalamang (e.g. simple commands and greetings), know a few\ndozen common words, and can say a handful of standard phrases. They\ncannot freely create simple clauses. They communicate in Papuan Malay\nwith both elders and peers. A rough overview of Kalamang competence per\nage group is given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:fluency\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:fluency\">2.2</a>.[^11] \n<div id=\"tab:fluency\"> \n\| born \| level \|\n\|:------------\|:-------------------------------------------\|\n\| before 1980 \| large majority fluent \|\n\| 1980s \| some fluent, some non-fluent, some minimal \|\n\| after 1990 \| some non-fluent, many minimal \|\n\| \| \| \nCompetence per age group, estimates \n</div> \nEthnologue’s page on Kalamang (which they have as Karas) says it is\nthreatened by Iha. None of my consultants know Iha, and I have not heard\nanyone communicate in it. Many Kalamang speakers, on the other hand,\nhave a good passive knowledge of the neighbouring language Uruangnirin.\nBecause exogamy is common, there are many speakers with other mother\ntongues in the Kalamang-speaking villages. Since there is often more\nthan one person from the same language area, these languages may also be\nheard. At the time of writing, the most frequent languages in Mas (after\nPapuan Malay and Kalamang) are Geser-Gorom, and . While the latter two\nare only spoken by the parent generation, Geser-Gorom is spoken by both\nthe grandparent and the parent generation. None of these (nor other\nIndonesian languages) are transmitted to children. My oldest consultants\nhave reported that when they were young, brides and grooms that moved to\na Kalamang-speaking village from other language areas acquired Kalamang.\nThis practice has since been replaced with being the language of\ncommunication in mixed marriages. \nAs stated above, fluent Kalamang speakers seem to have a neutral\nattitude towards their language. They would never hide the fact that\nthey speak the language, nor would they show off with it.[^12] Speakers\noccasionally express regret that their children do not speak Kalamang,\nbut rather than blaming themselves for not transmitting the language to\ntheir children, they blame their children for being too stupid to learn\nKalamang. I have not heard people express fears that their children do\nnot acquire Papuan Malay well enough if they learn Kalamang, although\nthis might be an underlying factor. \nKalamang has no written tradition, and is not used as an administrative\nlanguage. When asked, people readily write Kalamang words and texts\nwithout problems, using Indonesian orthography, which fits Kalamang\nphonology well (see §<a href=\"#sec:not\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:not\">2.6.6</a>). In the past three years, with the\nspread of cheap smartphones and internet connections, some Kalamang may\nbe found on social media such as Facebook. But as it is mainly\nnon-fluent and passive speakers who are connected, the use of Kalamang\nseems limited to short phrases alternating with Papuan Malay. \nKalamang does not display any identifiable dialectal differences. This\nis perhaps because Mas and Antalisa are small communities with frequent\ncontact and intermarriage. I have not registered any differences for\ngender, age group or other social or demographic factors. Having said\nthat, there is quite a bit of idiolectal (sometimes also intra-speaker)\nvariation in the pronunciation of certain words. This is indicated in\nthe dictionary and, as far as generalisations can be made, described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:consvar\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:consvar\">[sec:consvar]</a>\nand§<a href=\"#sec:freevarvow\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:freevarvow\">[sec:freevarvow]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Phonetics, phonology and morphophonology", "Header 2": "Phoneme inventory", "Header 3": "Vowels", "Header 4": "Vowel reduction" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:schwa\" label=\"sec:schwa\"></span> In fast or casual speech,\n/a/ and especially /e/ in unstressed syllables\n(§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>) are commonly reduced to\n\\[ə\\]. If both /e/ and /a/ occur in unstressed syllables, as in\nsedawak ‘machete’, only /e/ is reduced. Examples are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:menadu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menadu\">[exe:menadu]</a>). \n\\[ma.ˈna.du\\] ∼ \\[mə.ˈna.du\\] ‘taro’\n\\[ga.ˈla\\] ∼ \\[gə.ˈla\\] ‘spear’\n\\[ka.niŋ.go.ˈni.e\\] ∼ \\[ka.niŋ.go.ˈni.ə\\] ‘nine’\n\\[se.da.ˈwak̚\\] ∼ \\[sə.da.ˈwak̚\\] ‘machete’\n\\[pe.ˈlɛr\\] ∼ \\[pə.ˈlɛr\\] ‘mast’ <span id=\"exe:menadu\"\nlabel=\"exe:menadu\"></span> \nExactly under which circumstances reduction to /ə/ takes place in\nKalamang is a question for further research. Next to speech style and\nstress, there are many other possible factors, such as syllable type,\nposition in the word and frequency of the word (cf. )." } ], "index": 86, "level": "low_resource", "question": "At Gowien there are many cassowary's.", "split": "train" }
Burhan mu girawarat oskol owatko kawaya.	Burhan and his friends planted a girawar tree at the edge of the beach over there.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Burhan and his friends planted a girawar tree at the edge of the beach over there.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Burhan\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Buruwai\nKalamang translation: Sabaor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Burhan\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: orphan\nKalamang translation: tumun miskinden\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"his\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like this\nKalamang translation: wandi; yuwandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"his\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: his wife\nKalamang translation: kieun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"friends\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fried coconut\nKalamang translation: wat pasor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"friends\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: friend\nKalamang translation: lidan; teman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"planted\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: plant\nKalamang translation: balkawuok; biawas; karek ewun saerak; kies koladok; koya; langsa; tabalaki atan; tagir polas; yawarnak; yies\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"planted\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: itchy plant\nKalamang translation: sere\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"girawar\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: star\nKalamang translation: maser\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"girawar\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: ginger-like root\nKalamang translation: gulasi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tree\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tree trunk\nKalamang translation: ewun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"tree\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: male tree\nKalamang translation: kumkum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: laugh at\nKalamang translation: komayeki\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"at\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: at its place\nKalamang translation: terunggo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"edge\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: beach edge\nKalamang translation: oskol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"edge\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: reef edge\nKalamang translation: tebol\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"of\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: falling of fruit\nKalamang translation: ruak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"of\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: smaller birds of prey\nKalamang translation: tanggal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"beach\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: on/at beach\nKalamang translation: oskeit\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"beach\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: beach\nKalamang translation: osep\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"over\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: jump over\nKalamang translation: korabir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"over\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fall over\nKalamang translation: rouk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"there\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"there\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: over there\nKalamang translation: owa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Burhan\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends live on the mainland over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu distrik owa gocie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Burhan\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan calls Tami's father uncle.\nKalamang translation: Burhan me Tami esunat gonggunget me mama.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"his\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends live on the mainland over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu distrik owa gocie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"his\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"friends\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"friends\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends live on the mainland over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu distrik owa gocie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"planted\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Ruslan's grandmother planted root vegetables next to the house.\nKalamang translation: Ruslan taraun kaliwat kewe mulko kawaya.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"planted\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Granny Ruslan's grandmother and family planted maize in their garden.\nKalamang translation: Nina Ruslan taraun mu keteles kowaya amdirunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I saw Hidayat's father and family skin a deer.\nKalamang translation: An kona Hidayat esun mu rusat kawaruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That crow is making a nest in the coconut.\nKalamang translation: Goras yume eunara wat kerunggo paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"girawar\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Go seawards, seawards, seawards, there's tuna playing in the sea.\nKalamang translation: Ak, ak, ak, suagi wilao laur.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"girawar\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He went to land, and brought his brother back (seawards).\nKalamang translation: Ma he mara adiunat kuru marua.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tree\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A parrot laid eggs in the tree hole.\nKalamang translation: Busbus kon ma ror poskoa amkeit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"tree\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The cannonball tree broke and flew away.\nKalamang translation: Kai taul me parairte lele.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many pandanus at the cape.\nKalamang translation: Diwadiwal karimunggo reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"at\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I want to go fishing at the dock.\nKalamang translation: An bo jambatanggoa warkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"edge\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They walked until the edge of the beach.\nKalamang translation: Mu marmari os koldun bo duk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"edge\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Someone is whistling on the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Somkona oskol owangga filoit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"of\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The top of the rice is still undercooked.\nKalamang translation: Pasa me keirun tok kangguar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"of\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Kiba's family have a lot of blossom with red flowers.\nKalamang translation: Kiba mu bunga arun bo reidak pusun kerkapten.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"beach\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They walked until the edge of the beach.\nKalamang translation: Mu marmari os koldun bo duk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"beach\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Someone is whistling on the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Somkona oskol owangga filoit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"over\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I alone sit over there.\nKalamang translation: Anahutak owatko melalu reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"over\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Someone is whistling on the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Somkona oskol owangga filoit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"there\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Is there fish or not?\nKalamang translation: Sor mambon ye saerak?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"there\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:distrnoun\" label=\"sec:distrnoun\"></span> Reduplication of\nnouns that refer to a location can be used to indicate distributivity.\n(<a href=\"#exe:oskitkit\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:oskitkit\">[exe:oskitkit]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:osewep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:osewep\">[exe:osewep]</a>) are from recordings about\nwhere certain plants can be found.\n(<a href=\"#exe:oskitkit\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:oskitkit\">[exe:oskitkit]</a>) has a reduplicated\noskeit ‘beach’ (from os ‘sand’ and keit ‘top’), as well as a\nreduplicated verb kos ‘to grow’ to indicate distribution or\nhabituality (§<a href=\"#sec:verbred\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbred\">[sec:verbred]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:osewep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:osewep\">[exe:osewep]</a>) has a reduplicated osep\n‘beach’ (perhaps from os ‘sand’ and ep ‘back’). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbiasa oskeit∼keit=ko kos∼kos=te\nnormally\nbeach∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\ngrow∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Normally it grows at the beach.’ <span id=\"exe:oskitkit\"\nlabel=\"exe:oskitkit\"></span> ma osep∼ep=ko Tat me reidak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbeach∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr=loc</span> Tat\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> much\n‘It’s at the beach. At Tat there are many.’ <span id=\"exe:osewep\"\nlabel=\"exe:osewep\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:rumrum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rumrum\">[exe:rumrum]</a>) makes use of reduplicated\ntim ‘edge; tip’ (modifying a plant name) to indicate a path. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier yecie ... rumrum-tim∼tim mera se pareir\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span> return\nkind_of_plant-edge∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> follow\n‘We returned following the edge of the rumrum plants.’\n<span id=\"exe:rumrum\" label=\"exe:rumrum\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:inal\" label=\"sec:inal\"></span> Kalamang common nouns\ndisplay an alienable/inalienable distinction. Alienable forms are free\nroots, which means they can always occur uninflected. The large majority\nof Kalamang nouns are alienable, and include words referring to places,\nobjects, substances and abstract things, such as kolak ‘mountain;\nmainland’, sasul ‘spoon’, ror ‘tree; wood’, ema ‘mother’ and rer\n‘story’. A small minority of the nouns are inalienable; they are bound\nroots that must carry a possessive suffix\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:poss\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:poss\">[ch:poss]</a>). \nInalienable roots include certain kinship terms, part-of-whole terms and\nrelational nouns. They can be divided into three groups based on the\nmorphology they take and their semantic categories. \nFirst, there is a small group of five roots[^47] which can never occur\nwithout a possessive suffix. They all refer to family members, and are\nlisted in(<a href=\"#exe:fammembers\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:fammembers\">[exe:fammembers]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndun- ‘opposite-sex sibling’ kia- ‘same-sex sibling; cousin’\nkiar-/kie- ‘wife’ nam- ‘husband’ tara- ‘grandparent; grandchild’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:fammembers\" label=\"exe:fammembers\"></span> \n</div> \nOther kinship terms (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinnouns\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinnouns\">[sec:kinnouns]</a> and\n§<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>) are alienable, as\nare words like lidan ‘friend’ and kiekter ‘shadow’. One kinship\nterm, tumun ‘child’, looks like it has the fossilised third-person\npossessive suffix -un, but is a free root. It has a reduplicated form\ntumtum ‘children’, showing that the root is tum. Possessive\nsuffixes, however, are attached to the root tumun: tumun-an\n‘child-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>’ and tumun-un\n‘child-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. \nSecond, there is a larger group of inalienable nouns that specify parts\nof a whole. They almost always modify another noun, and tend to carry\nthe third-person possessive marker -un. They typically refer to parts\nof plants or to ways of grouping units (e.g. poup- ‘bundle’).\nTable<a href=\"#tab:pwhnouns\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:pwhnouns\">7.1</a> contains the currently known\nexamples from the corpus, but it is likely that more such forms exist.\nForms marked with an asterisk are also classifiers, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>. \n<div id=\"tab:pwhnouns\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:----------\|:---------------------------------\|\n\| al-\\* \| ‘string’ \|\n\| ar-\\* \| ‘stem’ \|\n\| kang- \| ‘thorn’ \|\n\| kiel- \| ‘root’ \|\n\| kun- \| ‘pith’ \|\n\| nak-\\* \| ‘fruit’ \|\n\| ol- \| ‘leaf’ \|\n\| or- \| ‘tail’ \|\n\| pan- \| ‘heap’ \|\n\| poup-\\* \| ‘bundle’ \|\n\| tak-\\* \| ‘leaf; page; thin, flat surface’ \|\n\| tang-\\* \| ‘seed’ \|\n\| tem- \| ‘stem’ \|\n\| tep-\\* \| ‘fruit’ \|\n\| \| \| \nPart-whole nouns \n</div> \nThird, Kalamang has ten attested relational nouns. These must be in a\nlocative or lative NP (e.g. elak yumetko ‘bottom there’ or elak=ka\n‘to/from below’), or carry one of the following suffixes: \n- third-person possessive -un (indicating a part/whole-relationship),\ne.g. kewe mul-un ‘house side-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’,\n‘the side of the house’ \n- -pis ‘side’, e.g. kit-pis ‘top-side’ \n- -kadok ‘side’, e.g. raor-kadok ‘middle-side’ \nThe relational nouns are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:locationals\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:locationals\">7.2</a>. They are commonly inflected\nwith the possessive suffix -un and sometimes also carry the locative\npostposition =ko. Some forms may directly carry =ko.\nTable<a href=\"#tab:locationals\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:locationals\">7.2</a> shows the roots, the inflected\nforms and the forms with postpositions as they occur in the corpus. \n<div id=\"tab:locationals\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:----------------------------\|:--------------------------\|\n\| root \| inflected/ \|\n\| \| with postposition \|\n\| as- ‘edge’ \| asun(ggo) \|\n\| elak- ‘bottom, underside’ \| elaun(ggo), elao \|\n\| keit- ‘top, upper side’ \| ke(i)run(ggo), k(e)itko \|\n\| kol- ‘outside’ \| kolko \|\n\| mul- ‘side’ \| mulun(ggo), mulko \|\n\| ne(r)- ‘inside’ \| nerun(ggo), ne(r)ko \|\n\| siep- ‘edge’ \| siun(ggo) \|\n\| (sil)ep- ‘backside’ \| sileunggo, (sil)epko \|\n\| talep- ‘outside’ \| talepko \|\n\| tim- ‘edge; tip’ \| timun, timgo \|\n\| \| \| \nRelational nouns \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:siepsiep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:siepsiep\">[exe:siepsiep]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:siun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:siun\">[exe:siun]</a>) show siep- ‘edge’ inflected\nwith third-person possessive -un and with both -un and locative\n=ko. (<a href=\"#exe:kitko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitko\">[exe:kitko]</a>),(<a href=\"#exe:kitpis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitpis\">[exe:kitpis]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:kitkadok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitkadok\">[exe:kitkadok]</a>) show kit- ‘top’ with\nlocative =ko, -pis ‘side’ and -kadok ‘side’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmier-gan neba-un kit-pis siep∼siep-un eir-gan\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-both\nwhat-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> top-side\nedge∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints-3poss</span> two-both\n‘Both their whatsits point up, both on the very edge.’\n<span id=\"exe:siepsiep\" label=\"exe:siepsiep\"></span> mu se koi wat\npes=at di=kahalong siep-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nthen coconut shell=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=spear\nedge-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘Then they put coconut shell on the edge of the spear.’\n<span id=\"exe:siun\" label=\"exe:siun\"></span> ma kit=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntop=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘He’s up \\[there\\].’ <span id=\"exe:kitko\" label=\"exe:kitko\"></span> ma\nkit-pis=i sarat=nin ma elak-pis=i=a barat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntop-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ndown-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘It doesn’t go up, it goes down.’ <span id=\"exe:kitpis\"\nlabel=\"exe:kitpis\"></span> kewe-un kit-kadok\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> top-side\n‘His house is at the top.’ <span id=\"exe:kitkadok\"\nlabel=\"exe:kitkadok\"></span> \n</div> \nNote that nouns with -pis and -kadok can be used predicatively\n(illustrated for -pis\nin<a href=\"#exe:kitpis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitpis\">[exe:kitpis]</a> and for -kadok\nin<a href=\"#exe:kitkadok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitkadok\">[exe:kitkadok]</a>), or can be arguments,\nas illustrated for the object NPs\nin(<a href=\"#exe:pisat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pisat\">[exe:pisat]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:kosat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kosat\">[exe:kosat]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkiel-un yuon talawak-pis=at jiet=et\nroot-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> sun\neast-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘If \\[you\\] get an east-side root...’ <span id=\"exe:pisat\"\nlabel=\"exe:pisat\"></span> dinding kibis-kadok=at mera kosalir=kin\nwall shore-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> then\nchange=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘(They) then want to change the shore-side wall.’ <span id=\"exe:kosat\"\nlabel=\"exe:kosat\"></span> \n</div> \nThese suffixes, like locative =ko and lative =ka, are not exclusive\nto locational nouns. One example with predicative nouns -pis is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:pis1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pis1\">[exe:pis1]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon kahaman-un kit-pis kon elak-pis ba temun\none bottom-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> top-side one\ndown-side but big\n‘One’s bottom is at the top, one is at the bottom, but \\[it’s\\] big.’\n<span id=\"exe:pis1\" label=\"exe:pis1\"></span> \n</div> \nA fourth group of bound roots related to noun categorisation are numeral\nclassifiers. Though likely derived from nouns, they are not nouns\nthemselves, but prefixes to numerals. There are fifteen classifiers,\nwhich occur in combination with a subset of the nouns. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a> for further discussion.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Burhan and his friends planted a girawar tree at the edge of the beach over there.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Burhan mu girawarat oskol owatko kawaya.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Burhan mu girawarat oskol owatko kawaya.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Nouns, noun phrases and postpositional phrases", "Header 2": "Noun derivation", "Header 3": "Reduplication of nouns", "Header 4": "Distributivity" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:distrnoun\" label=\"sec:distrnoun\"></span> Reduplication of\nnouns that refer to a location can be used to indicate distributivity.\n(<a href=\"#exe:oskitkit\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:oskitkit\">[exe:oskitkit]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:osewep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:osewep\">[exe:osewep]</a>) are from recordings about\nwhere certain plants can be found.\n(<a href=\"#exe:oskitkit\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:oskitkit\">[exe:oskitkit]</a>) has a reduplicated\noskeit ‘beach’ (from os ‘sand’ and keit ‘top’), as well as a\nreduplicated verb kos ‘to grow’ to indicate distribution or\nhabituality (§<a href=\"#sec:verbred\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbred\">[sec:verbred]</a>).\n(<a href=\"#exe:osewep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:osewep\">[exe:osewep]</a>) has a reduplicated osep\n‘beach’ (perhaps from os ‘sand’ and ep ‘back’). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nbiasa oskeit∼keit=ko kos∼kos=te\nnormally\nbeach∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\ngrow∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘Normally it grows at the beach.’ <span id=\"exe:oskitkit\"\nlabel=\"exe:oskitkit\"></span> ma osep∼ep=ko Tat me reidak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbeach∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr=loc</span> Tat\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> much\n‘It’s at the beach. At Tat there are many.’ <span id=\"exe:osewep\"\nlabel=\"exe:osewep\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:rumrum\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rumrum\">[exe:rumrum]</a>) makes use of reduplicated\ntim ‘edge; tip’ (modifying a plant name) to indicate a path. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ninier yecie ... rumrum-tim∼tim mera se pareir\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.ex</span> return\nkind_of_plant-edge∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">distr</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> follow\n‘We returned following the edge of the rumrum plants.’\n<span id=\"exe:rumrum\" label=\"exe:rumrum\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Nouns, noun phrases and postpositional phrases", "Header 2": "Noun subclasses", "Header 3": "Common nouns", "Header 4": "Alienability" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:inal\" label=\"sec:inal\"></span> Kalamang common nouns\ndisplay an alienable/inalienable distinction. Alienable forms are free\nroots, which means they can always occur uninflected. The large majority\nof Kalamang nouns are alienable, and include words referring to places,\nobjects, substances and abstract things, such as kolak ‘mountain;\nmainland’, sasul ‘spoon’, ror ‘tree; wood’, ema ‘mother’ and rer\n‘story’. A small minority of the nouns are inalienable; they are bound\nroots that must carry a possessive suffix\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:poss\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:poss\">[ch:poss]</a>). \nInalienable roots include certain kinship terms, part-of-whole terms and\nrelational nouns. They can be divided into three groups based on the\nmorphology they take and their semantic categories. \nFirst, there is a small group of five roots[^47] which can never occur\nwithout a possessive suffix. They all refer to family members, and are\nlisted in(<a href=\"#exe:fammembers\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:fammembers\">[exe:fammembers]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndun- ‘opposite-sex sibling’ kia- ‘same-sex sibling; cousin’\nkiar-/kie- ‘wife’ nam- ‘husband’ tara- ‘grandparent; grandchild’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:fammembers\" label=\"exe:fammembers\"></span> \n</div> \nOther kinship terms (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinnouns\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinnouns\">[sec:kinnouns]</a> and\n§<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>) are alienable, as\nare words like lidan ‘friend’ and kiekter ‘shadow’. One kinship\nterm, tumun ‘child’, looks like it has the fossilised third-person\npossessive suffix -un, but is a free root. It has a reduplicated form\ntumtum ‘children’, showing that the root is tum. Possessive\nsuffixes, however, are attached to the root tumun: tumun-an\n‘child-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>’ and tumun-un\n‘child-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’. \nSecond, there is a larger group of inalienable nouns that specify parts\nof a whole. They almost always modify another noun, and tend to carry\nthe third-person possessive marker -un. They typically refer to parts\nof plants or to ways of grouping units (e.g. poup- ‘bundle’).\nTable<a href=\"#tab:pwhnouns\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:pwhnouns\">7.1</a> contains the currently known\nexamples from the corpus, but it is likely that more such forms exist.\nForms marked with an asterisk are also classifiers, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>. \n<div id=\"tab:pwhnouns\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:----------\|:---------------------------------\|\n\| al-\\* \| ‘string’ \|\n\| ar-\\* \| ‘stem’ \|\n\| kang- \| ‘thorn’ \|\n\| kiel- \| ‘root’ \|\n\| kun- \| ‘pith’ \|\n\| nak-\\* \| ‘fruit’ \|\n\| ol- \| ‘leaf’ \|\n\| or- \| ‘tail’ \|\n\| pan- \| ‘heap’ \|\n\| poup-\\* \| ‘bundle’ \|\n\| tak-\\* \| ‘leaf; page; thin, flat surface’ \|\n\| tang-\\* \| ‘seed’ \|\n\| tem- \| ‘stem’ \|\n\| tep-\\* \| ‘fruit’ \|\n\| \| \| \nPart-whole nouns \n</div> \nThird, Kalamang has ten attested relational nouns. These must be in a\nlocative or lative NP (e.g. elak yumetko ‘bottom there’ or elak=ka\n‘to/from below’), or carry one of the following suffixes: \n- third-person possessive -un (indicating a part/whole-relationship),\ne.g. kewe mul-un ‘house side-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>’,\n‘the side of the house’ \n- -pis ‘side’, e.g. kit-pis ‘top-side’ \n- -kadok ‘side’, e.g. raor-kadok ‘middle-side’ \nThe relational nouns are listed in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:locationals\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:locationals\">7.2</a>. They are commonly inflected\nwith the possessive suffix -un and sometimes also carry the locative\npostposition =ko. Some forms may directly carry =ko.\nTable<a href=\"#tab:locationals\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:locationals\">7.2</a> shows the roots, the inflected\nforms and the forms with postpositions as they occur in the corpus. \n<div id=\"tab:locationals\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:----------------------------\|:--------------------------\|\n\| root \| inflected/ \|\n\| \| with postposition \|\n\| as- ‘edge’ \| asun(ggo) \|\n\| elak- ‘bottom, underside’ \| elaun(ggo), elao \|\n\| keit- ‘top, upper side’ \| ke(i)run(ggo), k(e)itko \|\n\| kol- ‘outside’ \| kolko \|\n\| mul- ‘side’ \| mulun(ggo), mulko \|\n\| ne(r)- ‘inside’ \| nerun(ggo), ne(r)ko \|\n\| siep- ‘edge’ \| siun(ggo) \|\n\| (sil)ep- ‘backside’ \| sileunggo, (sil)epko \|\n\| talep- ‘outside’ \| talepko \|\n\| tim- ‘edge; tip’ \| timun, timgo \|\n\| \| \| \nRelational nouns \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:siepsiep\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:siepsiep\">[exe:siepsiep]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:siun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:siun\">[exe:siun]</a>) show siep- ‘edge’ inflected\nwith third-person possessive -un and with both -un and locative\n=ko. (<a href=\"#exe:kitko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitko\">[exe:kitko]</a>),(<a href=\"#exe:kitpis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitpis\">[exe:kitpis]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:kitkadok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitkadok\">[exe:kitkadok]</a>) show kit- ‘top’ with\nlocative =ko, -pis ‘side’ and -kadok ‘side’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmier-gan neba-un kit-pis siep∼siep-un eir-gan\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>-both\nwhat-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> top-side\nedge∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">ints-3poss</span> two-both\n‘Both their whatsits point up, both on the very edge.’\n<span id=\"exe:siepsiep\" label=\"exe:siepsiep\"></span> mu se koi wat\npes=at di=kahalong siep-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nthen coconut shell=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=spear\nedge-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘Then they put coconut shell on the edge of the spear.’\n<span id=\"exe:siun\" label=\"exe:siun\"></span> ma kit=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntop=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘He’s up \\[there\\].’ <span id=\"exe:kitko\" label=\"exe:kitko\"></span> ma\nkit-pis=i sarat=nin ma elak-pis=i=a barat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ntop-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ndown-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘It doesn’t go up, it goes down.’ <span id=\"exe:kitpis\"\nlabel=\"exe:kitpis\"></span> kewe-un kit-kadok\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> top-side\n‘His house is at the top.’ <span id=\"exe:kitkadok\"\nlabel=\"exe:kitkadok\"></span> \n</div> \nNote that nouns with -pis and -kadok can be used predicatively\n(illustrated for -pis\nin<a href=\"#exe:kitpis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitpis\">[exe:kitpis]</a> and for -kadok\nin<a href=\"#exe:kitkadok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kitkadok\">[exe:kitkadok]</a>), or can be arguments,\nas illustrated for the object NPs\nin(<a href=\"#exe:pisat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pisat\">[exe:pisat]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:kosat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kosat\">[exe:kosat]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkiel-un yuon talawak-pis=at jiet=et\nroot-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> sun\neast-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘If \\[you\\] get an east-side root...’ <span id=\"exe:pisat\"\nlabel=\"exe:pisat\"></span> dinding kibis-kadok=at mera kosalir=kin\nwall shore-side=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> then\nchange=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘(They) then want to change the shore-side wall.’ <span id=\"exe:kosat\"\nlabel=\"exe:kosat\"></span> \n</div> \nThese suffixes, like locative =ko and lative =ka, are not exclusive\nto locational nouns. One example with predicative nouns -pis is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:pis1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pis1\">[exe:pis1]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkon kahaman-un kit-pis kon elak-pis ba temun\none bottom-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> top-side one\ndown-side but big\n‘One’s bottom is at the top, one is at the bottom, but \\[it’s\\] big.’\n<span id=\"exe:pis1\" label=\"exe:pis1\"></span> \n</div> \nA fourth group of bound roots related to noun categorisation are numeral\nclassifiers. Though likely derived from nouns, they are not nouns\nthemselves, but prefixes to numerals. There are fifteen classifiers,\nwhich occur in combination with a subset of the nouns. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a> for further discussion." } ], "index": 87, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Burhan and his friends planted a girawar tree at the edge of the beach over there.", "split": "train" }
Kalis our.	It's raining.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: It's raining.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"It\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: motor boat\nKalamang translation: jonsong\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"It\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: young coconut\nKalamang translation: wat kabur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"raining\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fire burning\nKalamang translation: susur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"raining\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: rain\nKalamang translation: kalis; kalis\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"It\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: It doesn't rain anymore, the containers are dry.\nKalamang translation: Kalis se baratnin; bakbak se kararak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"It\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: It rains, dew (damp) comes into the houses.\nKalamang translation: Kalis ourta masinul bo kewe nerunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"raining\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: It rained a lot so the lamps don't burn.\nKalamang translation: Kalis temunden me don yuolyuol yua me yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"raining\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: It's raining, so the street is slippery.\nKalamang translation: Kalis ourten me uriap licing.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:vowseqc\" label=\"sec:vowseqc\"></span> The maximum number of\nadjacent vowels in roots is two, which always occur across syllable\nboundaries: /V.V/. All possible sequences of two vowels are found, as\nlong as they are two different vowels. Stress can fall on either of the\nsyllables containing a vowel. Consider the following stress contrast. \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄̄ /ˈna.in/ ‘like’ /sa.ˈir/ ‘to shoot with a gun’ \n</div> \nVowel sequences with /i/ or /u/ may surface either as disyllabic vowel\nsequences or as diphthongs, as illustrated for four roots\nin(<a href=\"#exe:laus\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:laus\">[exe:laus]</a>). \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄ /pareir/ ‘to follow’ ∼ \\[pa.ˈre͡ir\\]\n/haidak/ ‘true’ ∼ \\[ˈha͡i.dak̚\\]\n/pour/ ‘Faor’ ∼ \\[po͡ur\\]\n/laus/ ‘wide’ ∼ \\[la͡us\\] \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:laus\" label=\"exe:laus\"></span> \nSome vowel sequences tend to be reduced to single vowels. /ei/ can be\nreduced to \\[e\\]/\\[ɛ\\] or \\[i\\], /ie/ can be reduced to \\[i\\], /uo/ can\nbe reduced to \\[u\\] or \\[o\\], and /ou/ can be reduced to \\[u\\]. Examples\nare given below. I consider the forms with the vowel sequence to be the\nunderlying forms. \n∼ \\[kɛt̚\\] ∼ \\[kit̚\\] ‘top’\n\\[be.ki.ˈem.kaŋ\\] ∼ \\[beˈkim.kaŋ\\] ‘shoulderblade’\n\\[ˈpa.ru.o\\] ∼ \\[ˈpa.ro\\] ∼ \\[ˈpa.ru\\] ‘to do’\n\\[saŋ.ˈgo.up̚\\] ∼ \\[saŋ.ˈgup̚\\] ‘branch’ \nThis type of reduction is more likely to occur in longer words, such\nthat /ˈbekiem/ ‘shoulder’ is usually pronounced with a diphthong, but\nthe longer /beˈkiemkaŋ/ ‘shoulderblade’ usually is not. /eir/ ‘two’ is\nnever pronounced as \\[ir\\], but in longer numbers it is obligatorily\nshortened to \\[ir\\], resulting in \\[ˈpu.rir\\] ‘twenty’ and \\[ˈrei.rir\\]\n‘two hundred’ (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:stresscomp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stresscomp\">[sec:stresscomp]</a>). Reduction also\nhappens when a third vowel is added because of affixation, as in\n\\[ˈko.u\\] ‘to blow’ – \\[ko.u.ˈkin\\] ∼ \\[ku.ˈin\\]\n‘blow.<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>’.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:teachers\" label=\"sec:teachers\"></span> In this section, I\ndescribe the nature of my collaboration with the consultants and other\nKalamang speakers that feature in the corpus. I also describe my\nrelationship with the village where I conducted the fieldwork, Mas. \nThe corpus contains the stories and conversations of 25 Kalamang\nspeakers, of which 14 are men. The oldest speaker was born in 1938, and\nthe youngest in 1981.[^16] In this study, I refer to these people as\nKalamang speakers, native speakers, or simply as speakers. Metadata\nabout the speakers (gender, year and place of birth, birthplace of\nparents, family ties and other languages spoken) can be found in the\ncorpus. Most speakers had completed primary school, some had attended\njunior or senior high school, but none of them had received formal\ntraining beyond high school. All speakers participated in one or more\nrecordings. Some speakers also helped me transcribe (parts of) their own\nrecordings. \nThree of the speakers were also language consultants, with whom I worked\non a near-daily basis during my yearly field trips. I started working\nwith Kamarudin Gusek in 2017, and with Hair Yorkuran and Fajaria\nYarkuran in 2018. The two men, Kamarudin and Hair, usually worked with\nme as a pair, and helped with the transcription of mainly their own\nrecordings, providing grammatical judgements, and the vocabulary.\nFajaria helped with the transcription and translation of her own and\nothers’ recordings, providing grammatical judgements, and the\nvocabulary. In addition, she wrote example sentences for almost 2000\nentries in the dictionary. A fourth person, Sebi Yarkuran, in whose\nhouse I stayed, has been an informal consultant mainly for vocabulary,\nand performed the speaker count together with Fajaria. \nThe three main consultants themselves offered to work with me, sometimes\nthrough a friend. Kamarudin Gusek, a village elder and medicine man who\nis supported by his child, was put forward as a possible consultant by\nthe village head in 2017. It soon turned out that he was keen to\ncollaborate daily. As I had no fixed consultants at the time, he soon\nbecame my main consultant. We recorded many narratives, he was often one\nof the two speakers in a picture-matching task, and we transcribed his\nand others’ recordings. He was a good source for local history, culture\nand botany, and liked to be recorded. I struggled to transcribe with\nhim, as he had trouble repeating the exact wording of audio clips\npresented to him, as well as giving a close Papuan Malay translation.\nFollowing a village meeting where I explained my goals and asked women\nin particular to report if they wanted to be recorded to work as\ninformants, Fajaria Yarkuran came forward towards the end of my trip in\n2017. At the time, she was a housewife with grown-up children and a lot\nof time on her hands. In 2018, we started collaborating daily. She\nturned out to be an excellent transcriber and translator with a good ear\nfor detail. Soon, instead of playing audio clips to her asking what was\nbeing said, I started sharing my screen with her so she could follow\nalong with my typing and correct any mistakes, such as words that I\nmissed. I also elicited translation sentences and grammaticality\njudgements from her, and worked on the dictionary with her. At the end\nof 2018, I gave her a short training in writing example sentences for\nthe dictionary. She enjoyed the work and was good at it, so I asked her\nto write example sentences for all entries in the draft of the Kalamang\ndictionary during my absence between two field trips. I paid her\nupfront, and upon my return in 2019 I collected her notebooks containing\n1849 example sentences. My third main consultant, Hair Yorkuran, stepped\nforward in 2018. Being a medicine man and friend of Kamarudin Gusek, I\nhad recorded him together with the latter on plant medicine in 2017. In\n2018, Kamarudin indicated that Hair was keen to join our sessions. They\nsoon turned out to be a great pair to ask for translations of sentences\nand grammaticality judgements. They also supplemented each other very\nwell in ethnobotanical knowledge and vocabulary. Because I had an\nexcellent transcriber in Fajaria, from 2018 onwards I only worked with\nKamarudin and Hair on recordings they were involved in themselves.\nDuring all field trips, I worked around 4.5 hours a day with informants\n(3 hours in the morning and 1.5 hours in the late afternoon), six or\nseven days a week. In 2018 and 2019, I tried to divide working hours\nevenly between Kamarudin/Hair and Fajaria. Locally, my three main\nconsultants were known as my language teachers or guru bahasa. Because\nno one in the community seemed to have a combination of sufficient\ncomputer skills and Kalamang skills, I have not trained anyone to do\ntranscriptions of Kalamang materials, as is sometimes customary (see\namong others ). The village head kindly offered me use of his office in\nthe village building, and so that is where I met my consultants every\nday, and where a large part of the recordings were made. The village\nbuilding is the building with the blue roof by the waterside in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:mas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:mas\">2.5</a>, and the office can be seen in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:setup\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:setup\">2.6</a> (both in the next section). \nSpeakers who feature in recordings were often approached by myself, and\nwere sometimes brought in by a friend who had been recorded previously.\nAll speakers were offered to collaborate on the transcription of their\nown recording(s) and were invited to come in any time to work as\nconsultants, but most people showed no interest, or did not have the\ntime. Consultants and other speakers, regardless of the tasks performed,\nwere paid the same hourly compensation of 25,000 IDR in 2017 and 2018,\nand 33,000 IDR in 2019. This compensation is based on a teacher’s salary\n(in 2015–2018 about 100,000 IDR per day, ), with a bonus for irregular\nworking hours and, in 2019, a generous adjustment for inflation.\nCompensation was at first paid at the end of the recording or consulting\nsession. Later, when I had established good working routines with the\nthree main consultants, they were paid two or three times a week,\nwhenever they had earned a round sum of money. All hours were kept in a\nnotebook, and compensations were signed for by the recipients. Although\nit is reported that shame might be an issue when receiving money in\nIndonesia , I have not noticed this. However, I soon learned that\nmonetary compensation was sometimes not enough, as people would ask me\noutright for gifts. All those who feature in recordings therefore also\nreceived small gifts (Indonesian oleh-oleh or kenang-kenangan) as a\ntoken of friendship and a way to remember the relationship. These were\noften souvenirs from The Netherlands, but fish lures and reading glasses\nwere also very popular. The main consultants also received a bigger gift\neach year, such as a silver ring, perfume or a rain coat.[^17]\nTable<a href=\"#tab:hours\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:hours\">2.3</a> shows an overview of the total hours\nI worked together with the main three informants and with others. Hours\ninclude recording. \n<div id=\"tab:hours\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:-----------------\|----:\|\n\| Kamarudin Gusek \| 234 \|\n\| Fajaria Yarkuran \| 189 \|\n\| Hair Yorkuran \| 116 \|\n\| Others \| 54 \|\n\| Total \| 593 \|\n\| \| \| \nHours worked 2017–2019 with consultants and other speakers \n</div> \n<figure id=\"fig:consultants\">\n<p><img src=\"Images/consultantf-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"image\" /> <span\nid=\"fig:faj\" label=\"fig:faj\"></span> <img\nsrc=\"Images/consultanthk-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"image\" /> <span id=\"fig:hk\"\nlabel=\"fig:hk\"></span></p>\n<figcaption>The main consultants Fajaria Yarkuran, Hair Yorkuran and\nKamarudin Gusek in a temporary hut on Tat beach, which we used during my\n2018 field trip on hot afternoons instead of the village building. Tanah\nMerah on the New Guinea mainland can be seen in the background of the\nleft-hand picture and the smaller Karas Islands in the background of the\nright-hand picture.</figcaption>\n</figure> \nThe contact language between myself and the consultants and other\nspeakers was a mix of Papuan Malay and Kalamang, with emphasis on the\nformer, as I never reached a good enough command of Kalamang to do more\nthan small talk. \nThe people of Mas, the village I stayed in during all four field trips,\nwere informed of my intentions through the above-mentioned village\nmeeting which took place in Mas shortly after my arrival in 2017. At the\nmeeting, I explained my goals, showed the results of my visit in 2015 (a\nmaster’s thesis), and showed some examples of linguistic descriptions of\nIha and Mbaham by the Indonesian linguist Don Flassy to illustrate what\nI wanted to achieve. I also presented the compensation I intended to pay\nto consultants and speakers, and invited all Kalamang speakers to come\nand work with me at any time. Further, I presented the kinds of things I\nmentioned I could do for the village in return. I mentioned a\ndictionary, children’s books, Kalamang learning materials and English\nlessons (of which I had talked with some people before). I also asked at\nthe meeting, which was attended by some 50 adults, what they would like\nme to do for them. There was one response from the audience: whether I\ncould provide funding for the municipality. I said I could not, and that\nI was only able to provide language-related assistance. It was later\ndecided, in consultation with the school teachers and because many\npeople in the street were asking about it, that I would teach English\nfor two hours a week in grade 5/6 by means of community service. At the\nend of each field trip, I also organised a village feast with games and\nfood or, at the suggestion of my hosts, a goodbye prayer evening with\nfood to thank the people for their hospitality. Although few others than\nmy main consultants showed any enthusiasm for Kalamang language\nmaterials, in 2018 I decided to pursue the production of a children’s\nbook and a dictionary, as both I and my main consultants enjoyed working\non them. A Kalamang/Papuan Malay children’s book with drawings made by\nMas school children of the story Kuawi\n([narr22](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC0-1)) was\npublished and 100 copies were sent to Fakfak in 2019. The Kalamang\ndictionary will be published as a free app and contains hundreds of\npictures taken by youths in Mas and Malakuli. They were paid 2000 IDR\nper usable picture of selected lemmas in the dictionary. All recorded\nspeakers received a USB flash drive with their own recording on it in\nhigh quality, featuring Papuan Malay and Kalamang subtitles. \nOther ways of informing people about my work were by putting up a\nproject description on the Mas village board in 2018, presenting myself\nto the village head at the beginning of each visit, and reporting to\nlocal authorities in Malakuli, Fakfak, Sorong and/or Manokwari. Oral and\nwritten informed consent can be found in the corpus. No speaker objected\nto my recording their language, storing it, and using it for research.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: It's raining.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Kalis our.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Kalis our.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Phonetics, phonology and morphophonology", "Header 2": "Phonotactics and syllable structure", "Header 3": "Vowel sequences", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:vowseqc\" label=\"sec:vowseqc\"></span> The maximum number of\nadjacent vowels in roots is two, which always occur across syllable\nboundaries: /V.V/. All possible sequences of two vowels are found, as\nlong as they are two different vowels. Stress can fall on either of the\nsyllables containing a vowel. Consider the following stress contrast. \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄̄̄ /ˈna.in/ ‘like’ /sa.ˈir/ ‘to shoot with a gun’ \n</div> \nVowel sequences with /i/ or /u/ may surface either as disyllabic vowel\nsequences or as diphthongs, as illustrated for four roots\nin(<a href=\"#exe:laus\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:laus\">[exe:laus]</a>). \n<div class=\"tabbing\"> \n̄ /pareir/ ‘to follow’ ∼ \\[pa.ˈre͡ir\\]\n/haidak/ ‘true’ ∼ \\[ˈha͡i.dak̚\\]\n/pour/ ‘Faor’ ∼ \\[po͡ur\\]\n/laus/ ‘wide’ ∼ \\[la͡us\\] \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:laus\" label=\"exe:laus\"></span> \nSome vowel sequences tend to be reduced to single vowels. /ei/ can be\nreduced to \\[e\\]/\\[ɛ\\] or \\[i\\], /ie/ can be reduced to \\[i\\], /uo/ can\nbe reduced to \\[u\\] or \\[o\\], and /ou/ can be reduced to \\[u\\]. Examples\nare given below. I consider the forms with the vowel sequence to be the\nunderlying forms. \n∼ \\[kɛt̚\\] ∼ \\[kit̚\\] ‘top’\n\\[be.ki.ˈem.kaŋ\\] ∼ \\[beˈkim.kaŋ\\] ‘shoulderblade’\n\\[ˈpa.ru.o\\] ∼ \\[ˈpa.ro\\] ∼ \\[ˈpa.ru\\] ‘to do’\n\\[saŋ.ˈgo.up̚\\] ∼ \\[saŋ.ˈgup̚\\] ‘branch’ \nThis type of reduction is more likely to occur in longer words, such\nthat /ˈbekiem/ ‘shoulder’ is usually pronounced with a diphthong, but\nthe longer /beˈkiemkaŋ/ ‘shoulderblade’ usually is not. /eir/ ‘two’ is\nnever pronounced as \\[ir\\], but in longer numbers it is obligatorily\nshortened to \\[ir\\], resulting in \\[ˈpu.rir\\] ‘twenty’ and \\[ˈrei.rir\\]\n‘two hundred’ (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:stresscomp\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stresscomp\">[sec:stresscomp]</a>). Reduction also\nhappens when a third vowel is added because of affixation, as in\n\\[ˈko.u\\] ‘to blow’ – \\[ko.u.ˈkin\\] ∼ \\[ku.ˈin\\]\n‘blow.<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>’." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "This study", "Header 3": "Relation with consultants, other speakers and the community", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:teachers\" label=\"sec:teachers\"></span> In this section, I\ndescribe the nature of my collaboration with the consultants and other\nKalamang speakers that feature in the corpus. I also describe my\nrelationship with the village where I conducted the fieldwork, Mas. \nThe corpus contains the stories and conversations of 25 Kalamang\nspeakers, of which 14 are men. The oldest speaker was born in 1938, and\nthe youngest in 1981.[^16] In this study, I refer to these people as\nKalamang speakers, native speakers, or simply as speakers. Metadata\nabout the speakers (gender, year and place of birth, birthplace of\nparents, family ties and other languages spoken) can be found in the\ncorpus. Most speakers had completed primary school, some had attended\njunior or senior high school, but none of them had received formal\ntraining beyond high school. All speakers participated in one or more\nrecordings. Some speakers also helped me transcribe (parts of) their own\nrecordings. \nThree of the speakers were also language consultants, with whom I worked\non a near-daily basis during my yearly field trips. I started working\nwith Kamarudin Gusek in 2017, and with Hair Yorkuran and Fajaria\nYarkuran in 2018. The two men, Kamarudin and Hair, usually worked with\nme as a pair, and helped with the transcription of mainly their own\nrecordings, providing grammatical judgements, and the vocabulary.\nFajaria helped with the transcription and translation of her own and\nothers’ recordings, providing grammatical judgements, and the\nvocabulary. In addition, she wrote example sentences for almost 2000\nentries in the dictionary. A fourth person, Sebi Yarkuran, in whose\nhouse I stayed, has been an informal consultant mainly for vocabulary,\nand performed the speaker count together with Fajaria. \nThe three main consultants themselves offered to work with me, sometimes\nthrough a friend. Kamarudin Gusek, a village elder and medicine man who\nis supported by his child, was put forward as a possible consultant by\nthe village head in 2017. It soon turned out that he was keen to\ncollaborate daily. As I had no fixed consultants at the time, he soon\nbecame my main consultant. We recorded many narratives, he was often one\nof the two speakers in a picture-matching task, and we transcribed his\nand others’ recordings. He was a good source for local history, culture\nand botany, and liked to be recorded. I struggled to transcribe with\nhim, as he had trouble repeating the exact wording of audio clips\npresented to him, as well as giving a close Papuan Malay translation.\nFollowing a village meeting where I explained my goals and asked women\nin particular to report if they wanted to be recorded to work as\ninformants, Fajaria Yarkuran came forward towards the end of my trip in\n2017. At the time, she was a housewife with grown-up children and a lot\nof time on her hands. In 2018, we started collaborating daily. She\nturned out to be an excellent transcriber and translator with a good ear\nfor detail. Soon, instead of playing audio clips to her asking what was\nbeing said, I started sharing my screen with her so she could follow\nalong with my typing and correct any mistakes, such as words that I\nmissed. I also elicited translation sentences and grammaticality\njudgements from her, and worked on the dictionary with her. At the end\nof 2018, I gave her a short training in writing example sentences for\nthe dictionary. She enjoyed the work and was good at it, so I asked her\nto write example sentences for all entries in the draft of the Kalamang\ndictionary during my absence between two field trips. I paid her\nupfront, and upon my return in 2019 I collected her notebooks containing\n1849 example sentences. My third main consultant, Hair Yorkuran, stepped\nforward in 2018. Being a medicine man and friend of Kamarudin Gusek, I\nhad recorded him together with the latter on plant medicine in 2017. In\n2018, Kamarudin indicated that Hair was keen to join our sessions. They\nsoon turned out to be a great pair to ask for translations of sentences\nand grammaticality judgements. They also supplemented each other very\nwell in ethnobotanical knowledge and vocabulary. Because I had an\nexcellent transcriber in Fajaria, from 2018 onwards I only worked with\nKamarudin and Hair on recordings they were involved in themselves.\nDuring all field trips, I worked around 4.5 hours a day with informants\n(3 hours in the morning and 1.5 hours in the late afternoon), six or\nseven days a week. In 2018 and 2019, I tried to divide working hours\nevenly between Kamarudin/Hair and Fajaria. Locally, my three main\nconsultants were known as my language teachers or guru bahasa. Because\nno one in the community seemed to have a combination of sufficient\ncomputer skills and Kalamang skills, I have not trained anyone to do\ntranscriptions of Kalamang materials, as is sometimes customary (see\namong others ). The village head kindly offered me use of his office in\nthe village building, and so that is where I met my consultants every\nday, and where a large part of the recordings were made. The village\nbuilding is the building with the blue roof by the waterside in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:mas\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:mas\">2.5</a>, and the office can be seen in\nFigure<a href=\"#fig:setup\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:setup\">2.6</a> (both in the next section). \nSpeakers who feature in recordings were often approached by myself, and\nwere sometimes brought in by a friend who had been recorded previously.\nAll speakers were offered to collaborate on the transcription of their\nown recording(s) and were invited to come in any time to work as\nconsultants, but most people showed no interest, or did not have the\ntime. Consultants and other speakers, regardless of the tasks performed,\nwere paid the same hourly compensation of 25,000 IDR in 2017 and 2018,\nand 33,000 IDR in 2019. This compensation is based on a teacher’s salary\n(in 2015–2018 about 100,000 IDR per day, ), with a bonus for irregular\nworking hours and, in 2019, a generous adjustment for inflation.\nCompensation was at first paid at the end of the recording or consulting\nsession. Later, when I had established good working routines with the\nthree main consultants, they were paid two or three times a week,\nwhenever they had earned a round sum of money. All hours were kept in a\nnotebook, and compensations were signed for by the recipients. Although\nit is reported that shame might be an issue when receiving money in\nIndonesia , I have not noticed this. However, I soon learned that\nmonetary compensation was sometimes not enough, as people would ask me\noutright for gifts. All those who feature in recordings therefore also\nreceived small gifts (Indonesian oleh-oleh or kenang-kenangan) as a\ntoken of friendship and a way to remember the relationship. These were\noften souvenirs from The Netherlands, but fish lures and reading glasses\nwere also very popular. The main consultants also received a bigger gift\neach year, such as a silver ring, perfume or a rain coat.[^17]\nTable<a href=\"#tab:hours\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:hours\">2.3</a> shows an overview of the total hours\nI worked together with the main three informants and with others. Hours\ninclude recording. \n<div id=\"tab:hours\"> \n\| \| \|\n\|:-----------------\|----:\|\n\| Kamarudin Gusek \| 234 \|\n\| Fajaria Yarkuran \| 189 \|\n\| Hair Yorkuran \| 116 \|\n\| Others \| 54 \|\n\| Total \| 593 \|\n\| \| \| \nHours worked 2017–2019 with consultants and other speakers \n</div> \n<figure id=\"fig:consultants\">\n<p><img src=\"Images/consultantf-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"image\" /> <span\nid=\"fig:faj\" label=\"fig:faj\"></span> <img\nsrc=\"Images/consultanthk-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"image\" /> <span id=\"fig:hk\"\nlabel=\"fig:hk\"></span></p>\n<figcaption>The main consultants Fajaria Yarkuran, Hair Yorkuran and\nKamarudin Gusek in a temporary hut on Tat beach, which we used during my\n2018 field trip on hot afternoons instead of the village building. Tanah\nMerah on the New Guinea mainland can be seen in the background of the\nleft-hand picture and the smaller Karas Islands in the background of the\nright-hand picture.</figcaption>\n</figure> \nThe contact language between myself and the consultants and other\nspeakers was a mix of Papuan Malay and Kalamang, with emphasis on the\nformer, as I never reached a good enough command of Kalamang to do more\nthan small talk. \nThe people of Mas, the village I stayed in during all four field trips,\nwere informed of my intentions through the above-mentioned village\nmeeting which took place in Mas shortly after my arrival in 2017. At the\nmeeting, I explained my goals, showed the results of my visit in 2015 (a\nmaster’s thesis), and showed some examples of linguistic descriptions of\nIha and Mbaham by the Indonesian linguist Don Flassy to illustrate what\nI wanted to achieve. I also presented the compensation I intended to pay\nto consultants and speakers, and invited all Kalamang speakers to come\nand work with me at any time. Further, I presented the kinds of things I\nmentioned I could do for the village in return. I mentioned a\ndictionary, children’s books, Kalamang learning materials and English\nlessons (of which I had talked with some people before). I also asked at\nthe meeting, which was attended by some 50 adults, what they would like\nme to do for them. There was one response from the audience: whether I\ncould provide funding for the municipality. I said I could not, and that\nI was only able to provide language-related assistance. It was later\ndecided, in consultation with the school teachers and because many\npeople in the street were asking about it, that I would teach English\nfor two hours a week in grade 5/6 by means of community service. At the\nend of each field trip, I also organised a village feast with games and\nfood or, at the suggestion of my hosts, a goodbye prayer evening with\nfood to thank the people for their hospitality. Although few others than\nmy main consultants showed any enthusiasm for Kalamang language\nmaterials, in 2018 I decided to pursue the production of a children’s\nbook and a dictionary, as both I and my main consultants enjoyed working\non them. A Kalamang/Papuan Malay children’s book with drawings made by\nMas school children of the story Kuawi\n([narr22](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC0-1)) was\npublished and 100 copies were sent to Fakfak in 2019. The Kalamang\ndictionary will be published as a free app and contains hundreds of\npictures taken by youths in Mas and Malakuli. They were paid 2000 IDR\nper usable picture of selected lemmas in the dictionary. All recorded\nspeakers received a USB flash drive with their own recording on it in\nhigh quality, featuring Papuan Malay and Kalamang subtitles. \nOther ways of informing people about my work were by putting up a\nproject description on the Mas village board in 2018, presenting myself\nto the village head at the beginning of each visit, and reporting to\nlocal authorities in Malakuli, Fakfak, Sorong and/or Manokwari. Oral and\nwritten informed consent can be found in the corpus. No speaker objected\nto my recording their language, storing it, and using it for research." } ], "index": 88, "level": "low_resource", "question": "It's raining.", "split": "train" }
An jabul o, an botnin.	I'm lazy, I'm not going.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: I'm lazy, I'm not going.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: month name\nKalamang translation: hajiwak; robaherpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: early morning\nKalamang translation: go dung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"lazy\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: be lazy\nKalamang translation: jabul\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"lazy\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: lazy\nKalamang translation: barahala; monkaret\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Indonesian\nKalamang translation: Malaimang; Pepmang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"I\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: I don't know\nKalamang translation: yeso\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: month name\nKalamang translation: hajiwak; robaherpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"m\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: early morning\nKalamang translation: go dung\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"not\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: not yet\nKalamang translation: tok; tok tok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"not\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: if not\nKalamang translation: get me\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"going\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sting\nKalamang translation: sie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"going\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomorrow we go to Antalisa to marry Anafia and spouse.\nKalamang translation: Kasur in bo Tamisengga nahalarkin Anafia mu.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: How many glasses do you have?\nKalamang translation: Don pernananja losing puraman?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"lazy\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: It rained a lot so the lamps don't burn.\nKalamang translation: Kalis temunden me don yuolyuol yua me yuolnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"lazy\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun is lazy.\nKalamang translation: Alun me monkaret.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I put fish on the drying rack.\nKalamang translation: An sorat karuarkeitko maraouk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"I\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I looked but there were no sea cucumbers.\nKalamang translation: An sanggara ba kibi saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomorrow we go to Antalisa to marry Anafia and spouse.\nKalamang translation: Kasur in bo Tamisengga nahalarkin Anafia mu.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"m\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: How many glasses do you have?\nKalamang translation: Don pernananja losing puraman?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"not\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person sells garlic, not onion.\nKalamang translation: Sontum me bawang iriskaptenara parin, bawang kerkap ge.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"not\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: In Gorom there are many clove trees, not so many nutmegs.\nKalamang translation: Walaka me cengki reidak, sayang me kurang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"going\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Where are you going? Oh, I'm going over there.\nKalamang translation: Ka tamanggara bot? Ge o, an owanggara bot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"going\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The sun is going down, it's dusk.\nKalamang translation: Yuon darukta go kerkap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nApprehensive constructions are complex clause constructions expressing\nfear or apprehension, “a judgement of undesirable possibility” .\nKalamang has two types of apprehensive constructions: precautionary\nconstructions and apprehensive constructions with a dedicated morpheme. \nPrecautionary constructions are a way to express a warning against an\nundesirable event. They consist of a clause expressing a precaution\ntaken (the precautionary situation in ) and a clause describing an\nexpected undesirable situation (the apprehension-causing situation in ).\nPrecautionary constructions are made with clause linker mena\n‘otherwise; in case’ (homonymous to a temporal adverb meaning\n‘later’).[^91] There are no data to clearly demonstrate that mena\nintroduces a subordinate clause, but there is a clear pragmatic\ndependency between the two clauses it links (see for a discussion of\npragmatic dependency in sentences linked with apprehensive markers\ncross-linguistically). \nMost precautionary constructions are combined with a prohibition, such\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:menamalai\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menamalai\">[exe:menamalai]</a>), where the\nprecaution taken is not asking a Malay-speaking woman about something,\nand the undesirable outcome is that she comes to the house using\nIndonesian (while the speaker and addressee are trying to have a\nconversation in Kalamang). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma-mun se koi gerket=in mena ma koi bara malaimang=taet mu me pep\nmangun met=a\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg-proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> again\nask=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span> otherwise\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again descend Malay=more\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\npig language-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj=foc</span>\n‘Don’t ask again, otherwise she will come down again speaking more\nMalay, their pig’s language.’ <span id=\"exe:menamalai\"\nlabel=\"exe:menamalai\"></span> \n</div> \nA prohibition does not need to be explicitly uttered in order for a\nprecautionary construction to be made.\n(<a href=\"#exe:menakus\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menakus\">[exe:menakus]</a>) is uttered in the\ncontext of a discussion about closing the door during a video recording.\nThe person who is against closing the door uses mena to indicate that\nleaving the door open is the precaution to be taken against the\nundesirable outcome of having very dark faces in the recording. There is\nno special meaning associated with the repetition of mena. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo sausaun=et me mena kanggirar-pe mena kuskap\ncondition dark=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> otherwise\neye-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl.poss</span> otherwise black\n‘\\[It’s not good\\] if it is dark, otherwise our faces are black.’\n<span id=\"exe:menakus\" label=\"exe:menakus\"></span> \n</div> \nPrecautionary constructions can also be of the in-case type . In this\ntype, the speaker warns against a possible but not necessarily expected\nundesirable outcome. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkawir-ca=at kuet=te mena yuon lalang\nhat-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss=obj</span>\nbring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span> in_case sun hot\n‘Bring your hat, in case the sun is hot!’ pain=at kuet=te mena kalis\nurun\numbrella=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nbring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span> in_case rain fall\n‘Bring an umbrella in case it rains!’ \n</div> \nKalamang also has a dedicated apprehensive mood clitic =re, which is\nattached to the subject of a clause which expresses some kind of danger.\nApprehensive mood is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:apprmood\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:apprmood\">[sec:apprmood]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka kolko=te wat=re kat kosarat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nmove_out=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\ncoconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">appr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nhit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Move aside, or a coconut might hit you!’ <span id=\"exe:watree\"\nlabel=\"exe:watree\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:discme\" label=\"sec:discme\"></span>\n<span id=\"sec:clauseinme\" label=\"sec:clauseinme\"></span> Me is a topic\nmarker that follows either the NP/PP or the predicate. A topic marker is\nan “entity that the speaker identifies, about which information (...) is\nthen given” . It is the starting point of an utterance with presupposed\ninformation that is then commented on . When me follows a NP or PP,\nthe NP or PP is topicalised. When me follows the predicate, the whole\nclause is topicalised, for example by making it conditional. Anti-topics\n(specified or reactivated topics) are not marked morphologically, but by\nplacing the anti-topic at the right edge of the clause, as described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>. In the examples in this section,\nthe topicalised constituents are given within square brackets. \nMe can be used after a NP or PP to mark it as the topic in clauses\nwith a verbal (see <a href=\"#exe:metrans\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:metrans\">[exe:metrans]</a>,\n<a href=\"#exe:mepron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mepron\">[exe:mepron]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:mestat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mestat\">[exe:mestat]</a>), nominal (see\n<a href=\"#exe:menom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menom\">[exe:menom]</a>), quantifier (see\n<a href=\"#exe:mequant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mequant\">[exe:mequant]</a>) or locative (see\n<a href=\"#exe:meloc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meloc\">[exe:meloc]</a>) predicate, but is not\nobligatory in any of these contexts. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme buok=at kuru bara pier=ki bes to\nwoman Netherlands-woman <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbetel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bring descend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.in=ben</span> good right\n‘The Dutchwoman brought down betel for us, good, right?’ (Context:\nsubject is given but not recently mentioned.) <span id=\"exe:metrans\"\nlabel=\"exe:metrans\"></span> me an se kat percai=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nbelieve=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for you, I don’t believe you any more.’ <span id=\"exe:mepron\"\nlabel=\"exe:mepron\"></span> ki Tanggor=ka=ta rar \\[Tanggor\\] me\nmambon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nTanggor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span> Tanggor\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘You go to Tanggor, at Tanggor there are \\[fish\\].’ (Context: Tanggor is\ngiven, in this very example.) <span id=\"exe:mestat\"\nlabel=\"exe:mestat\"></span> me mungkin berupa jim\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> maybe be_a_form_of jinn\n‘That woman is maybe a kind of jinn.’ (Context: description of a\nvideo. The woman has been mentioned; this is a comment about her\nidentity.) <span id=\"exe:menom\" label=\"exe:menom\"></span> me eir\neh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntwo <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘These are two, right?’ (Context: learning to weave a basket, pointing\nat strips of material in the teacher’s hand.) <span id=\"exe:mequant\"\nlabel=\"exe:mequant\"></span> me kewe-un=ko\nchildren two <span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘Two children are in their house.’ (Context: frog story. Children have\nbeen mentioned; description of a new page in the book.)\n<span id=\"exe:meloc\" label=\"exe:meloc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe topic marker follows postpositions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:finbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:finbon\">[exe:finbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:komeneko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:komeneko\">[exe:komeneko]</a>). Topicalised objects\nlack object postposition =at\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bobmun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bobmun\">[exe:bobmun]</a>). The topic marker is\ntypically used following NPs or PPs that refer to given referents. It\ncan also topicalise a time adverbial\n(example<a href=\"#exe:ambun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ambun\">[exe:ambun]</a>). Another way to mark topics,\nwhich may be combined with topic marker me, is fronting of the\ntopicalised constituent (§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme nat=nin\nArifin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nMei=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nconsum=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Arifin and Mei don’t eat.’ <span id=\"exe:finbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:finbon\"></span> me lempuang-tumun wilak=ko me neko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> island-child\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> inside\n‘Here, the small island inside the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:komeneko\"\nlabel=\"exe:komeneko\"></span> <sub>Obj</sub> me Bobi emun=a kona\nchildren few <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Bobi\nmother=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> see\n‘A few children, Bobi’s mother saw \\[them\\].’ <span id=\"exe:bobmun\"\nlabel=\"exe:bobmun\"></span> kier Luis=bon \\[kasur\\] me bo\nsor-sanggara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span>\nLuis=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> go fish-search\n‘(As for) tomorrow, you and Luis go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:ambun\"\nlabel=\"exe:ambun\"></span> \n</div> \nMore seldomly, new participants are introduced with me. This is\nlimited to unimportant participants.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:sikank\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikank\">[exe:sikank]</a>), the cat is introduced; it\nis not mentioned thereafter, and is only used in the story as a prop to\ncreate a slightly threatening atmosphere. In examples of the type\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wameta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wameta\">[exe:wameta]</a>), where properties of\nreferents are described out of context, me is also used, often\ncombined with a demonstrative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme in=at tiri pareir\ncat one <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=obj</span> run follow\n‘A cat ran after us.’ (Context: a story about going to someone’s house,\nfirst mention of the cat.) <span id=\"exe:sikank\"\nlabel=\"exe:sikank\"></span> me tabusik\ntree <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> short\n‘This tree is short.’ (Context: no context, elicitation, transl. of\nMalay pohon ini pendek ‘this tree is short’.) <span id=\"exe:wameta\"\nlabel=\"exe:wameta\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few instances, me marks two referents in the same clause.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:anmed\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anmed\">[exe:anmed]</a>), the second instance of me\ncould alternately be analysed as a distal demonstrative (but would still\nbe topicalised because it is fronted), but\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lekop\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lekop\">[exe:lekop]</a>) the analysis seems untlikely\nto fit, as there is already a demonstrative modifying each noun.\nAnalysing me as a definite marker also does not fit, as it does not\nappear consistently on anaphoric definites (referents that have been\nmentioned in the text). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme \\[don\\] me ka an ∅=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nthing <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for me, and as for that thing, you didn’t give \\[it\\] to me.’\n<span id=\"exe:anmed\" label=\"exe:anmed\"></span> me \\[afokat opa\\]\nme kona\ngoat <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> avocado\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nsee\n‘That goat sees those avocados.’ <span id=\"exe:lekop\"\nlabel=\"exe:lekop\"></span> \n</div> \nMe is also very common after the predicate, topicalising the entire\nclause. In most cases, this predicate carries irrealis =et\n(§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>) or non-final =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMustafa esun toni \\[ka ruot=et\\] me kamun naun=saet=in\nMustafa father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\nearth=only=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n‘Mustafa’s father said if you go digging, don’t \\[bring\\] earth only.’\n<span id=\"exe:ruretme\" label=\"exe:ruretme\"></span> pulor opa \\[ka\ntu=ta\\] me tama-ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere-<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf \\[that\\] you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:pulor\" label=\"exe:pulor\"></span> newer=i\nkoyet, \\[mindi=ta\\] me mier se marua\npay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n‘After paying, they went seawards.’ <span id=\"exe:mindita\"\nlabel=\"exe:mindita\"></span> \n</div> \nThe combination of irrealis =et followed by me is also seen in\npre-posed topic constructions as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eiretme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiretme\">[exe:eiretme]</a>). This is an unusual way\nto present a topic: it is much more common to do so without =et. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme ma se taraouk\nkind_of_fish two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> store\n‘As for those two siadas, he had already stored \\[them\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:eiretme\" label=\"exe:eiretme\"></span> \n</div> \nTopic marker me is homophonous with distal demonstrative me, and has\nlikely developed from it. Demonstratives are known to develop into topic\nmarkers .[^93] They have also been shown to have clause-combining and\ndiscourse-structuring functions . The Kalamang process of\ngrammaticalisation is likely ongoing, judging by the various uses of\nme sketched in this section, and moving away from a demonstrative use,\njudging by its few occurrences as an ordinary exophoric demonstrative. \nThere are also a considerable number of occurrences of me at the\nbeginning of a clause, whose function cannot be determined based on the\ncurrently available data. There are various possible analyses: it can be\nshort for mera ‘then, so’, mena ‘later, otherwise’, it can be a\nfiller,[^94] or it can be a specific use of topic marker or distal\ndemonstrative me. The following four examples show two subsequent\nutterances each, where the second utterance starts with me. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu toni kasur yuwa=ba seng paku=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> want tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nroof nail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They want to nail the roof tomorow.’ me sobas=ta me di=saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\ndawn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘? in the morning, put \\[carry it\\] up.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmier se bara sabua nerunggo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndescend tent inside\n‘They go down into the tent.’ me mu mu=at bon taluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=obj</span> bring exit\n‘? they bring them out.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kor opa se duk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> leg\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbump_into\n‘They already bumped that leg into something.’ me mera kasian Rani\nemun toni ...\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> then anyway Rani\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n‘? then anyway, Rani’s mother said...’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan se mara ki perusahan=ka bot=kin=ta me\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\ncompany=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘I went to sea: “Are you going to the mainland \\[lit. to the\ncompany\\]?”’ me an se mara me eh suol-ca se bes o bes mera\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.quot</span>\nback-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n‘? I went to sea like: “How is your back?” “Oh fine, of course.”’ \n</div> \n</div> \nMuch remains to be investigated regarding the exact functions of\nKalamang me. For example, a more thorough analysis is needed to\nunderstand what guides the use vs. non-use of me with new and given\nreferents, with non-verbal predicates, and when combining clauses.\nAlthough me is one of the most frequent words in the corpus, which\nmeans there is a relative wealth of data available, the mechanisms that\nregulate its use seem quite refined, and a more sophisticated analysis\nis therefore outside the scope of this grammar.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: I'm lazy, I'm not going.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "An jabul o, an botnin.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "An jabul o, an botnin.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Multiclausal constructions", "Header 2": "Apprehensive constructions", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "Apprehensive constructions are complex clause constructions expressing\nfear or apprehension, “a judgement of undesirable possibility” .\nKalamang has two types of apprehensive constructions: precautionary\nconstructions and apprehensive constructions with a dedicated morpheme. \nPrecautionary constructions are a way to express a warning against an\nundesirable event. They consist of a clause expressing a precaution\ntaken (the precautionary situation in ) and a clause describing an\nexpected undesirable situation (the apprehension-causing situation in ).\nPrecautionary constructions are made with clause linker mena\n‘otherwise; in case’ (homonymous to a temporal adverb meaning\n‘later’).[^91] There are no data to clearly demonstrate that mena\nintroduces a subordinate clause, but there is a clear pragmatic\ndependency between the two clauses it links (see for a discussion of\npragmatic dependency in sentences linked with apprehensive markers\ncross-linguistically). \nMost precautionary constructions are combined with a prohibition, such\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:menamalai\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menamalai\">[exe:menamalai]</a>), where the\nprecaution taken is not asking a Malay-speaking woman about something,\nand the undesirable outcome is that she comes to the house using\nIndonesian (while the speaker and addressee are trying to have a\nconversation in Kalamang). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma-mun se koi gerket=in mena ma koi bara malaimang=taet mu me pep\nmangun met=a\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg-proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> again\nask=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span> otherwise\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> again descend Malay=more\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\npig language-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj=foc</span>\n‘Don’t ask again, otherwise she will come down again speaking more\nMalay, their pig’s language.’ <span id=\"exe:menamalai\"\nlabel=\"exe:menamalai\"></span> \n</div> \nA prohibition does not need to be explicitly uttered in order for a\nprecautionary construction to be made.\n(<a href=\"#exe:menakus\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menakus\">[exe:menakus]</a>) is uttered in the\ncontext of a discussion about closing the door during a video recording.\nThe person who is against closing the door uses mena to indicate that\nleaving the door open is the precaution to be taken against the\nundesirable outcome of having very dark faces in the recording. There is\nno special meaning associated with the repetition of mena. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo sausaun=et me mena kanggirar-pe mena kuskap\ncondition dark=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> otherwise\neye-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl.poss</span> otherwise black\n‘\\[It’s not good\\] if it is dark, otherwise our faces are black.’\n<span id=\"exe:menakus\" label=\"exe:menakus\"></span> \n</div> \nPrecautionary constructions can also be of the in-case type . In this\ntype, the speaker warns against a possible but not necessarily expected\nundesirable outcome. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkawir-ca=at kuet=te mena yuon lalang\nhat-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss=obj</span>\nbring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span> in_case sun hot\n‘Bring your hat, in case the sun is hot!’ pain=at kuet=te mena kalis\nurun\numbrella=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nbring=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span> in_case rain fall\n‘Bring an umbrella in case it rains!’ \n</div> \nKalamang also has a dedicated apprehensive mood clitic =re, which is\nattached to the subject of a clause which expresses some kind of danger.\nApprehensive mood is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:apprmood\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:apprmood\">[sec:apprmood]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nka kolko=te wat=re kat kosarat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nmove_out=<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\ncoconut=<span class=\"smallcaps\">appr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nhit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Move aside, or a coconut might hit you!’ <span id=\"exe:watree\"\nlabel=\"exe:watree\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Information structure", "Header 2": "Topic marker me", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:discme\" label=\"sec:discme\"></span>\n<span id=\"sec:clauseinme\" label=\"sec:clauseinme\"></span> Me is a topic\nmarker that follows either the NP/PP or the predicate. A topic marker is\nan “entity that the speaker identifies, about which information (...) is\nthen given” . It is the starting point of an utterance with presupposed\ninformation that is then commented on . When me follows a NP or PP,\nthe NP or PP is topicalised. When me follows the predicate, the whole\nclause is topicalised, for example by making it conditional. Anti-topics\n(specified or reactivated topics) are not marked morphologically, but by\nplacing the anti-topic at the right edge of the clause, as described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>. In the examples in this section,\nthe topicalised constituents are given within square brackets. \nMe can be used after a NP or PP to mark it as the topic in clauses\nwith a verbal (see <a href=\"#exe:metrans\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:metrans\">[exe:metrans]</a>,\n<a href=\"#exe:mepron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mepron\">[exe:mepron]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:mestat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mestat\">[exe:mestat]</a>), nominal (see\n<a href=\"#exe:menom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menom\">[exe:menom]</a>), quantifier (see\n<a href=\"#exe:mequant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mequant\">[exe:mequant]</a>) or locative (see\n<a href=\"#exe:meloc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meloc\">[exe:meloc]</a>) predicate, but is not\nobligatory in any of these contexts. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme buok=at kuru bara pier=ki bes to\nwoman Netherlands-woman <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbetel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bring descend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.in=ben</span> good right\n‘The Dutchwoman brought down betel for us, good, right?’ (Context:\nsubject is given but not recently mentioned.) <span id=\"exe:metrans\"\nlabel=\"exe:metrans\"></span> me an se kat percai=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nbelieve=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for you, I don’t believe you any more.’ <span id=\"exe:mepron\"\nlabel=\"exe:mepron\"></span> ki Tanggor=ka=ta rar \\[Tanggor\\] me\nmambon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nTanggor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span> Tanggor\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘You go to Tanggor, at Tanggor there are \\[fish\\].’ (Context: Tanggor is\ngiven, in this very example.) <span id=\"exe:mestat\"\nlabel=\"exe:mestat\"></span> me mungkin berupa jim\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> maybe be_a_form_of jinn\n‘That woman is maybe a kind of jinn.’ (Context: description of a\nvideo. The woman has been mentioned; this is a comment about her\nidentity.) <span id=\"exe:menom\" label=\"exe:menom\"></span> me eir\neh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntwo <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘These are two, right?’ (Context: learning to weave a basket, pointing\nat strips of material in the teacher’s hand.) <span id=\"exe:mequant\"\nlabel=\"exe:mequant\"></span> me kewe-un=ko\nchildren two <span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘Two children are in their house.’ (Context: frog story. Children have\nbeen mentioned; description of a new page in the book.)\n<span id=\"exe:meloc\" label=\"exe:meloc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe topic marker follows postpositions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:finbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:finbon\">[exe:finbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:komeneko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:komeneko\">[exe:komeneko]</a>). Topicalised objects\nlack object postposition =at\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bobmun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bobmun\">[exe:bobmun]</a>). The topic marker is\ntypically used following NPs or PPs that refer to given referents. It\ncan also topicalise a time adverbial\n(example<a href=\"#exe:ambun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ambun\">[exe:ambun]</a>). Another way to mark topics,\nwhich may be combined with topic marker me, is fronting of the\ntopicalised constituent (§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme nat=nin\nArifin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nMei=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nconsum=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Arifin and Mei don’t eat.’ <span id=\"exe:finbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:finbon\"></span> me lempuang-tumun wilak=ko me neko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> island-child\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> inside\n‘Here, the small island inside the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:komeneko\"\nlabel=\"exe:komeneko\"></span> <sub>Obj</sub> me Bobi emun=a kona\nchildren few <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Bobi\nmother=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> see\n‘A few children, Bobi’s mother saw \\[them\\].’ <span id=\"exe:bobmun\"\nlabel=\"exe:bobmun\"></span> kier Luis=bon \\[kasur\\] me bo\nsor-sanggara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span>\nLuis=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> go fish-search\n‘(As for) tomorrow, you and Luis go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:ambun\"\nlabel=\"exe:ambun\"></span> \n</div> \nMore seldomly, new participants are introduced with me. This is\nlimited to unimportant participants.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:sikank\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikank\">[exe:sikank]</a>), the cat is introduced; it\nis not mentioned thereafter, and is only used in the story as a prop to\ncreate a slightly threatening atmosphere. In examples of the type\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wameta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wameta\">[exe:wameta]</a>), where properties of\nreferents are described out of context, me is also used, often\ncombined with a demonstrative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme in=at tiri pareir\ncat one <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=obj</span> run follow\n‘A cat ran after us.’ (Context: a story about going to someone’s house,\nfirst mention of the cat.) <span id=\"exe:sikank\"\nlabel=\"exe:sikank\"></span> me tabusik\ntree <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> short\n‘This tree is short.’ (Context: no context, elicitation, transl. of\nMalay pohon ini pendek ‘this tree is short’.) <span id=\"exe:wameta\"\nlabel=\"exe:wameta\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few instances, me marks two referents in the same clause.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:anmed\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anmed\">[exe:anmed]</a>), the second instance of me\ncould alternately be analysed as a distal demonstrative (but would still\nbe topicalised because it is fronted), but\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lekop\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lekop\">[exe:lekop]</a>) the analysis seems untlikely\nto fit, as there is already a demonstrative modifying each noun.\nAnalysing me as a definite marker also does not fit, as it does not\nappear consistently on anaphoric definites (referents that have been\nmentioned in the text). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme \\[don\\] me ka an ∅=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nthing <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for me, and as for that thing, you didn’t give \\[it\\] to me.’\n<span id=\"exe:anmed\" label=\"exe:anmed\"></span> me \\[afokat opa\\]\nme kona\ngoat <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> avocado\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nsee\n‘That goat sees those avocados.’ <span id=\"exe:lekop\"\nlabel=\"exe:lekop\"></span> \n</div> \nMe is also very common after the predicate, topicalising the entire\nclause. In most cases, this predicate carries irrealis =et\n(§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>) or non-final =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMustafa esun toni \\[ka ruot=et\\] me kamun naun=saet=in\nMustafa father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\nearth=only=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n‘Mustafa’s father said if you go digging, don’t \\[bring\\] earth only.’\n<span id=\"exe:ruretme\" label=\"exe:ruretme\"></span> pulor opa \\[ka\ntu=ta\\] me tama-ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere-<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf \\[that\\] you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:pulor\" label=\"exe:pulor\"></span> newer=i\nkoyet, \\[mindi=ta\\] me mier se marua\npay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n‘After paying, they went seawards.’ <span id=\"exe:mindita\"\nlabel=\"exe:mindita\"></span> \n</div> \nThe combination of irrealis =et followed by me is also seen in\npre-posed topic constructions as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eiretme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiretme\">[exe:eiretme]</a>). This is an unusual way\nto present a topic: it is much more common to do so without =et. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme ma se taraouk\nkind_of_fish two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> store\n‘As for those two siadas, he had already stored \\[them\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:eiretme\" label=\"exe:eiretme\"></span> \n</div> \nTopic marker me is homophonous with distal demonstrative me, and has\nlikely developed from it. Demonstratives are known to develop into topic\nmarkers .[^93] They have also been shown to have clause-combining and\ndiscourse-structuring functions . The Kalamang process of\ngrammaticalisation is likely ongoing, judging by the various uses of\nme sketched in this section, and moving away from a demonstrative use,\njudging by its few occurrences as an ordinary exophoric demonstrative. \nThere are also a considerable number of occurrences of me at the\nbeginning of a clause, whose function cannot be determined based on the\ncurrently available data. There are various possible analyses: it can be\nshort for mera ‘then, so’, mena ‘later, otherwise’, it can be a\nfiller,[^94] or it can be a specific use of topic marker or distal\ndemonstrative me. The following four examples show two subsequent\nutterances each, where the second utterance starts with me. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu toni kasur yuwa=ba seng paku=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> want tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nroof nail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They want to nail the roof tomorow.’ me sobas=ta me di=saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\ndawn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘? in the morning, put \\[carry it\\] up.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmier se bara sabua nerunggo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndescend tent inside\n‘They go down into the tent.’ me mu mu=at bon taluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=obj</span> bring exit\n‘? they bring them out.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kor opa se duk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> leg\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbump_into\n‘They already bumped that leg into something.’ me mera kasian Rani\nemun toni ...\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> then anyway Rani\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n‘? then anyway, Rani’s mother said...’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan se mara ki perusahan=ka bot=kin=ta me\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\ncompany=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘I went to sea: “Are you going to the mainland \\[lit. to the\ncompany\\]?”’ me an se mara me eh suol-ca se bes o bes mera\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.quot</span>\nback-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n‘? I went to sea like: “How is your back?” “Oh fine, of course.”’ \n</div> \n</div> \nMuch remains to be investigated regarding the exact functions of\nKalamang me. For example, a more thorough analysis is needed to\nunderstand what guides the use vs. non-use of me with new and given\nreferents, with non-verbal predicates, and when combining clauses.\nAlthough me is one of the most frequent words in the corpus, which\nmeans there is a relative wealth of data available, the mechanisms that\nregulate its use seem quite refined, and a more sophisticated analysis\nis therefore outside the scope of this grammar." } ], "index": 89, "level": "low_resource", "question": "I'm lazy, I'm not going.", "split": "train" }
Minggalorun me kotur.	His sleeping area is dirty.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: His sleeping area is dirty.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"His\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: penis\nKalamang translation: us\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"His\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sejenis kuskus\nKalamang translation: rambu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sleeping\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: fishing line\nKalamang translation: nika; wien\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sleeping\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sleep\nKalamang translation: min\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"area\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"area\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: what are you doing\nKalamang translation: nebara paruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"dirty\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: thirty\nKalamang translation: putkaruok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"dirty\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: dirty\nKalamang translation: kotur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"His\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Burhan and his friends live on the mainland over there.\nKalamang translation: Burhan mu distrik owa gocie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"His\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: His gums are swollen.\nKalamang translation: Ma gierkawierun bengkak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sleeping\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I sleep, the wind blows and I feel good.\nKalamang translation: An minda ur koukoura an narasa mawin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sleeping\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"area\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They two are diving for red cluster whip.\nKalamang translation: Mier waranggeit koar teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"area\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Of rabbitfish, there are many in the soft coral.\nKalamang translation: Malkesi me ram nerunggo reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"dirty\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Uncle bought a shirt for him.\nKalamang translation: Esa temun ladanat jieni ma.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"dirty\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Thirty we bought.\nKalamang translation: Putkon karuia pi jieret.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:a\" label=\"sec:a\"></span> Focused constituents are those\nwhich the speaker tries to introduce into the discourse , or “essential\npiece\\[s\\] of new information” . Kalamang has two focus markers: the\nenclitics =a and =ba. \nThe enclitic =a is a focus marker that typically attaches to the NP or\nPP. Question words often carry this enclitic and are naturally focused.\nSee(<a href=\"#exe:namana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namana\">[exe:namana]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tamatkoa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamatkoa\">[exe:tamatkoa]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnaman=a kiem-an yuwa=at kuet\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nbasket-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span> bring\n‘Who took my basket?’ <span id=\"exe:namana\" label=\"exe:namana\"></span>\nmu tamatko=a kajie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> pick\n‘Where did they pick \\[chestnuts\\]?’ <span id=\"exe:tamatkoa\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamatkoa\"></span> \n</div> \nIt is also common for =a to occur on the object in a question-answer\npair like(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>), where obviously the\npiece of new information is that which the interlocutor is asking about,\nkapurui, the name of a dish. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Ki nebara paruotkin?” Mu he toni mu kapurui mera paruotkin.\nki neba=at=a paruot=kin mu se toni mu kapurui met=a paruot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> kapurui\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘“What do you want to make?’’ They said they wanted to make that\nkapurui.’ <span id=\"exe:terques\" label=\"exe:terques\"></span> \n</div> \nWe also encounter =a on manner adverbial demonstratives\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), where there is a natural focus\non the part translating as ‘like this’.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:wandia\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wandia\">[exe:wandia]</a>), where the demonstrative\nis also an answer to a question. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:wandia\" label=\"exe:wandia\"></span> “Tamandi nina?” “Wandi,\nwandia paru!”\ntamandi nina wandi wandi=a paru\nhow grandmother like_this like_this=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘“How, grandmother?’’ “Like this, do like this.”’ \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:kiafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiafoc\">[exe:kiafoc]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bonafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bonafoc\">[exe:bonafoc]</a>), together\nwith(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>) above, show that focus\nmarker =a comes after postpositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nemun se sap=ki=a mara∼mara\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nstick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins=foc</span>\nmove_landwards∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘His mother came walking with a stick.’ <span id=\"exe:kiafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiafoc\"></span> mier pas kahen kon=bon=a min\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> woman tall\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com=foc</span> sleep\n‘She and a tall woman are sleeping.’ <span id=\"exe:bonafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:bonafoc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe clitic =ba is a secondary focus marker found only on\ndemonstratives (example<a href=\"#exe:yuwaba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yuwaba\">[exe:yuwaba]</a>), proper names\n(example<a href=\"#exe:tomib\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tomib\">[exe:tomib]</a>), question word naman ‘who’\nand question word root tama\n(example<a href=\"#exe:puloro\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:puloro\">[exe:puloro]</a>). It is much rarer than\n=a. =ba is often, but not exclusively, used with questions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmungkin dodon-un yuwa=ba neba=ko pue to semen=ko\nmaybe clothes-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph=loc</span> hit right\nconcrete=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘Maybe these clothes of his hit the whatsit, right, the concrete.’\n<span id=\"exe:yuwaba\" label=\"exe:yuwaba\"></span> wat na=ten yuwa naman=a\nyuwa ... Tomi=ba ye\ncoconut consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nTomi=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> or\n‘\\[Someone\\] who is drinking coconut here, who is this, Tomi?’\n<span id=\"exe:tomib\" label=\"exe:tomib\"></span> pulor opa ka tu=ta me\ntama=ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ta</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf that you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:puloro\" label=\"exe:puloro\"></span> \n</div> \nThe meaning of =ba as opposed to =a remains unclear. One also finds\nmixing of the two focus markers, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mantanba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mantanba\">[exe:mantanba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Namana somin?” “Ge o, Tete Mantanba, Tete Loklomin.”\nnaman=a somin ge o tete Mantan=ba tete Loklomin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> die no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> grandfather\nMantan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> grandfather Loklomin\n‘“Who died?’’ “Oh, grandfather Mantan, grandfather Loklomin.”’\n<span id=\"exe:mantanba\" label=\"exe:mantanba\"></span> \n</div> \n=ba is also used in a filler construction consisting of proximal\ndemonstrative wa, =ba and progressive =teba. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok wa=ba=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘He still, eh...’ neba kaman-un, kaman wa=ba=teba\nwhat grass-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> grass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘What kind of grass, grass eh...’ \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"ch:maps\" label=\"ch:maps\"></span>\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnarrnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">23.1</a> displays those names\nmentioned in the traditional narratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>).\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnames\">23.2</a> shows all recorded coastal\nnames of the big Karas island, and a few additional place names. For a\nbigger version, zoom in on the digital version of this page, or download\nthe map from the Kalamang archive.[^104] \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names_narratives.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Place names of Karas mentioned in traditional\nnarratives</figcaption>\n</figure> \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Coastal place names of Karas</figcaption>\n</figure> \n[^1]: Data taken from the 2018 and 2019 publications of Statistik Daerah\nKabupaten Fakfak \\[Statistics Fakfak Regency Area\\], published by\nthe Badan Pusat Statistik Daerah Fakfak \\[Central Bureau of\nStatistics Fakfak Area\\]. Publications can be found at\n<https://fakfakkab.bps.go.id/publication.html>. \n[^2]: This map seems to be an unpublished draft, but is for example used\nin . \n[^3]: (Sub)grouping in this paragraph according to Glottolog. \n[^4]: Data on the map (series 1501, sheet SA 53-13, edition 1) comes\nfrom the years 1956-1960. \n[^5]: Archived at <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF4-4> \n[^6]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFB-1> \n[^7]: Recordings of prayers can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF7-4>,\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D> and\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6>. Picture\nmaterial of shared meals is available at the last two links. \n[^8]: These comprise the water in Sebakor Bay, extending southwards at\nleast as far as Kitikiti waterfall (3°50’25.7\"S 132°47’57.5\"E). I do\nnot know if the waters west of the biggest Karas island belong to\nKaras district, or if the water is divided between the\nKalamang-speaking and Uruangnirin-speaking communities. \n[^9]: Of whom at least one has passed away since. \n[^10]: This was operationalised in Indonesian as lancar; yang tahu\nbahasa bagus sekali and kurang lancar; yang masih pikir-pikir. \n[^11]: While there is obviously a cline in proficiency from fluent to\nnon-fluent to minimal, it was no matter of discussion for my two\nconsultants whom to include as fluent and non-fluent speakers, and\nwhom to exclude from the speaker count. \n[^12]: The only instance where I have noticed people showing off with\nKalamang is when in public places in Fakfak with me, but it is used\nto trick others into believing that they are speaking English with\nme. \n[^13]: Kapaur in . \n[^14]: Patimuni in . In other sources spelled as Bah(a)am or Mbahaam. \n[^15]: explain well how the descriptive linguist both informs and is\ninformed by typology and formal linguistics. I can only hope I have\nstruck the right balance. \n[^16]: Audio recordings for phonetic analysis and of paradigms, made in\n2015, contain the voices of four other (partial) speakers. Their\nmetadata can be found in the corpus. \n[^17]: Other people to whom gifts were extended are my hosts in Fakfak\nand Mas, the village head of Mas, my local aunts, uncles and\ngrandmother, and other people with whom I maintained a personal\nrelationship. \n[^18]: The corpus, called The Kalamang collection: an archive of\nlinguistic and cultural material from Karas can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^19]: A fifth field trip was planned for 2020 but had to be cancelled\ndue to COVID-19. Luckily, I had enough data to finish the current\nstudy. Things that I had planned for the last field trip included\ndouble-checking the transcriptions of recordings made in 2019,\ndouble-checking all the examples used in this study, double-checking\nsome lemmas in the dictionary, collecting more pictures for the\ndictionary, recording audio samples of all lemmas, collecting\nrecordings of more genres (such as making offerings, ghost stories,\nand action camera recordings of people in their gardens and loading\na canoe), collecting supplementary grammaticality judgements on\nvarious topics (such as the apprehensive construction, classifiers,\npossessive constructions, prosody, quantifiers and reflexives) and\ncarrying out ethnobotanic/linguistic fieldwork in collaboration with\nan MA student in ethnobotany. \n[^20]: A breath group is what the speaker manages to say between two\nbreaths, and is a convenient way to divide utterances. This division\nwas not strictly followed. Sometimes people would pause without\nbreathing – for example at the end of a non-final clause. Some\nspeakers had a habit of uttering very long stretches of speech,\nseemingly without breathing. These stretches were divided wherever\nit seemed practical to do so during the transcription. \n[^21]: Transcribed recordings are archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^22]: Annotated elicited data is archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A>. \n[^23]: While I do think that there are differences in style and\nnaturalness between the three categories stimulus-based, narrative\nand conversations, I have not actually investigated this. Also, the\ncategories are not clear-cut. The stimulus-based recordings\nobviously can be narratives or conversations, conversations may\ncontain stretches of narrative, narratives may contain a short\nconversation with a passer-by, etc. This classification is just one\nway to give the reader at least some degree of context when reading\nan example. \n[^24]: Defined in as “connected naturally occurring utterance\\[s\\]”. \n[^25]: Some of it can be found in the conversations between Fajaria\nYarkuran and Nurmia Yarkuran (conv9–11, conv13–16), which are\ninterrupted by children entering the room. Some speakers also\naddress the linguist in an opening and a closing of a narrative in\nPapuan Malay (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>). Note that code switching\nbetween Kalamang and Papuan Malay without a change of audience,\ntypically for just a few words at a time, is very common and occurs\nin all recordings. \n[^26]: One song, Loflof, can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF9-5>, and the\nnarratives narr18 and narr19 contain short songs. The ritual chant\ntenggelele can be found in conv8. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:formula\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:formula\">[sec:formula]</a>. \n[^27]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^28]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^29]: These can currently be found at\n<https://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/representations/gloss/index.php?open=../../../../../includes/gramm_category_labels.inc>. \n[^30]: According to . I do not have access to the original report. \n[^31]: In fact, if one takes into account the WALS features and\nlanguages, the Papuan languages do not stand apart from the rest of\nthe world’s languages at all . \n[^32]: : “\\[W\\]e define East Nusantara as a geographical area that\nextends from Sumbawa to the west, across the islands of East Nusa\nTenggara, Maluku including Halmahera, and to the Bird’s Head of New\nGuinea in the east \\[...\\]. In the northwest, the area is bounded by\nSulawesi.” \n[^33]: Melanesia, based on the features considered in , “begins in the\narea of Flores-Sumba-Timor, reaches through New Guinea and into the\nBismarck Archipelago, and concludes in Vanuatu-New Caledonia”\n(p.122). Linguistic Wallacea is similar to East Nusantara.\nLinguistic Wallacea differs from Biological Wallacea in that the\nformer does not include Sulawesi and the latter does not include any\nparts of New Guinea. \n[^34]: Voiced stops do not occur syllable-finally, also not as\nunderlying phonemes. The voiceless stops that are syllable-final are\nso also underlyingly. \n[^35]: As counted in April 2019. \n[^36]: Timothy Usher (p.c.) suggests that this is the case because it\nderives historically from a longer form \\kinV. \n[^37]: Note that this is an intonational* pitch accent, not to be\nconfounded with lexical tones. \n[^38]: I checked 96 Papuan grammars and grammar sketches in 2018. Of\nthese, 29 make some mention of intonation, ranging from a brief\nmention in the chapter on discourse structuring to a number or arrow\nsystem to describe intonation created by the author of the grammar.\nOf these 29, only five grammars include pitch contours. Of those\nfive, only three have pitch contours generated with help of\nsoftware. Those three languages are described here. For the other\ntwo languages, Mauwake and Menggwa Dla, only hand-drawn pitch\ncontours without alignment or a Hz scale are available. The\ndescription of prosody in Qaqet came to my attention in 2020 and was\nadded subsequently. \n[^39]: There are other comparative data that may give a clue to the\norigin of /t/ and /n/. The West Bomberai language Iha has the\n(singular patient) -ny and (plural patient) -te conjugations in\nsome verbs , and the East Timorese language Fataluku has the same\nsubject clitic =n(u) and different subject =t(u) . Although\nKalamang has no synchronic number marking for patients or\nswitch-reference marking, the phonemes /t/ and /n/ may be remnants\nof something similar. \n[^40]: The forms wat and met are underlyingly or diachronically\nwa=at ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span>’ and me=at\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=obj</span>’ (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), respectively, and cannot be\ncompared to a verb such as bo ‘to go’, which has two uninflected\nforms: bo and bot. \n[^41]: Note also that there are instances where there has been an\nobvious loss of prenasalisation between vowels – for example, in the\nnumerals /kodak/ ‘just one’ and /kodaet/ ‘one more’. These are\ndiachronically /kon/ + /tak/ and /kon/ + /taet/, respectively. It is\nlikely that these forms originally were \\[kondak̚\\] and \\[kondaet̚\\]\n(nasal assimilation, §<a href=\"#sec:assim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:assim\">[sec:assim]</a>), which were reanalysed\nas monomorphemic words before the nasal was removed for some reason.\nOtherwise, we would expect \\[korak̚\\] and \\[koraet̚\\] (lenition of\nintervocalic stops, §<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). \n[^42]: I started a test where I let different speakers transcribe the\nsame 11 sentences from corpus recordings, to see how they would\nsegment units. I did not do the test with more than two speakers,\nhowever, because I realised there was a lack of good speakers who\ncould write clearly enough to determine segments. Although most\nKalamang speakers are literate, many of them are not experienced or\nfluent writers. \n[^43]: Except for verbs in the imperative mood, which distinguish\nbetween singular and plural subjects\n(§<a href=\"#sec:verbdistr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbdistr\">[sec:verbdistr]</a>). \n[^44]: Note the similarity of this suffix with the last part of the\npronominal suffix -autak ‘alone’,\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>, and the last part of\nreidak ‘many’,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:inreidak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inreidak\">[exe:inreidak]</a>. \n[^45]: These are analysed as postpositions, not case markers, because of\nthe domain of attachment (the NP, not the noun), a lack of agreement\nor declension paradigms, and because the forms are almost mutually\nexclusive. The author has no strong preference for either analysis,\nand encourages the reader to replace “postposition” with “case\nmarker” in their mind if they wish. \n[^46]: See and for a definition of and information about the categories\niamitive and nondum, respectively. \n[^47]: A sixth root, teit- ‘neighbour’, was elicited as inalienable\nbut does not occur in the natural spoken corpus. \n[^48]: Several data points suggest a link between agentive nominaliser\n-et and a more general “animator”. Many animal names, especially\nthose for insects, end in -et or -let (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:letet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:letet\">48</a>). This is not a productive suffix\non animal names, and there is no proof of a diachronic relation with\nthe agentive nominaliser -et. However, note also the animate\nclassifier et- (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). A speculative relation\ncould be made between donenet ‘black ant’ and -nenen ‘body hair’\n(‘that which is hairy’), and between kalabet ‘earth worm’ and\nkalawen ‘soft’ (‘that which is soft’). Kedederet ‘k.o. bird’\ncould be derived from an onomatopoeion. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndonenet ‘black ant’ kalabet ‘earth worm’ kalkalet ‘mosquito’\nkapapet ‘glassy sweeper (k.o. fish)’ kedederet ‘k.o. small black\nbird’ pabalet ‘fly’ pueselet ‘spider’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:letet\" label=\"exe:letet\"></span> \n</div> \n[^49]: The general associative marker =kin is used to make similar\nconstructions to these. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>. \n[^50]: Japanese and Korean have similar phenomena, where quantifiers can\nbe both inside and outside the NP . \n[^51]: Contra the preliminary analysis of the Kalamang pronominal system\nin , clusivity is a well-established distinction in Kalamang. \n[^52]: This observation is impressionistic. It is based on a corpus\nsearch for pronouns with a suffixed numeral. A confounding factor is\nthat lower numerals are more common than higher numerals. \n[^53]: This is parallel to the local Malay, where mama tua and bapak\ntua are father or mother’s older sister and brother, respectively.\nA parent’s younger sister can be called (mama) ci, but I am not\naware of a corresponding term for men in use on Karas. \n[^54]: Using the established abbreviations for kinship terms: e = elder,\ny = younger, F = father, M = mother, B = brother, Z = sister, S =\nson, D = daughter, H = husband, W = wife. I.e. FeZ means ‘father’s\nelder sister’. \n[^55]: In other words, lineal kin of both two generations up and two\ngenerations down from ego is referred to as tara- \n[^56]: Polygamy is legal in Indonesia but not currently practiced on\nKaras. \n[^57]: Anak piara in local Malay. The parents of such a child are\ntypically alive and capable of taking care of children, and are in\ncontact with the child they have fostered out. This may be a\npractice that takes care of individuals or families that do not or\ncannot have children themselves, while at the same time lifting the\nburden from families with many children. \n[^58]: 7 = 6 + 1 is found in several languages of the area, among which\nare the Aru languages, Onin, Sekar and Uruangnirin . \n[^59]: There might be an intonational difference, but this was not\ntested for. \n[^60]: The West Bomberai language Mbaham has a word muur ‘branch’ and\na transport classifier mu- , and Iha has a classifier mur for\nboats, ‘motor’ and branches (Katherine Walker, p.c.). \n[^61]: While I elicited negative grammaticality judgments for mir-\nwith, for example, other modes of transport or other things made of\nwood, I have not had the chance to test pel- in combination with\nnouns other than ‘banana’. In other words, the status of pel- as a\nunique classifier is based on its lack of appearance in combination\nwith nouns other than ‘banana’ in the current corpus. \n[^62]: maybe tau ‘?’ + eir ‘two’, although ‘two sides’ is tawirir \n[^63]: These are pendapat ‘opinion’ (Malay loan), toman ‘bag’, hak\n‘right’ (Malay loan), kewe ‘house’, asal ‘origin’ (Malay loan)\nand guru ‘teacher’ (Malay loan). A reason that many of these are\nMalay loans might be that possessive constructions in Papuan Malay\nare made with a periphrastic construction (possessor + ‘have’ +\npossessum), which might trigger the use of a possessive pronoun\ninstead of a suffix in Kalamang. In any case, the number of\noccurrences of these words is so low in comparison to those of esa\n‘father’ and ema ‘mother’ that we will not consider them any\nfurther. \n[^64]: There is no restriction against a possessive suffix on a noun\nending in /a/, cf. nika-an ‘my fishing line’. \n[^65]: Compare also tamandi ‘how’, apparently formed with the question\nword root tama and the suffix -ndi. \n[^66]: Karas is spoken on a limestone island that rises out of the sea.\nBoth villages, Mas and Antalisa, are built on a strip of beach and\nthe adjacent slopes. \n[^67]: Note that the phonemes -n and -t (~ -d ~ -r) also occur\non demonstratives and question words, and pose a morphophonological\nproblem that is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>. \n[^68]: Other predicate enclitics, such as non-final =te and =ta or\nprogressive =teba, do not trigger the insertion of -t or -n. \n[^69]: The fact that the form with -n does not carry y- and vice\nversa may be related to them having different stress patterns:\nˈyecie vs eˈcien. All “uninflected” verbs with -n carry stress\non the last syllable, even if the verb without -n carries stress\non the first (e.g. ˈpotma vs potˈman ‘to cut’, ˈparuo vs\npaˈruon ‘to do’, ˈosie vs oˈsien) but yecie is the only one\nwith a difference in initial vowel. Syllable weight does not\nnormally play a role in stress assignment in Kalamang (as described\nin§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>). \n[^70]: Exceptions are gocie ‘to live’ and yecie ‘to return’, but\nbecause these have different semantics I have not listed them here.\nNote, however, that -cie in gocie may also be a morpheme, as\ngo means ‘place’. Those counterparts in -cie marked with an\nasterisk in the table were rejected in elicitation; the gaps remain\nto be tested. \n[^71]: A distinction between na in the meaning ‘to drink’ and in the\nmeaning ‘to eat’ was made to make the dataset comparable with other\nlanguages. Na ‘to eat’ was very unlikely to incorporate. For\ndetails, see . \n[^72]: This is why some reduplications are glossed as\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>’, instead of forcing a specific\nreading on them. \n[^73]: Four words in the lexicon might contain a fossilised prefix\nun-. These are unmasir ‘to give birth’ (cf, masir ‘to weed’),\nunkoryap ‘to divide’ (cf. koryap ‘to divide’, yap ‘to\ndivide’), unkawer ‘body fat’ (kawer not attested) and unsor\n‘orange-spotted trevally’ (cf. sor ‘fish’). \n[^74]: This construction was elicited with a picture of child washing\nits own hair, which was contrasted with a picture of a mother\nbathing a child. Showing the picture was accompanied by a request\nfor a translation of Malay anak mandi diri ‘the child bathes\nitself’ and saya mandi diri ‘I bathe myself’. \n[^75]: The translational equivalent of two applicatives and three\npromoted arguments is not entirely clear and therefore given with a\nquestion mark. \n[^76]: Other languages with a zero morpheme for ‘give’ are the Gum\nlanguages of Papua New Guinea, notably , and , a Muskogean language\n. \n[^77]: For comparative constructions, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:compcon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compcon\">[sec:compcon]</a>. \n[^78]: This is reminiscent of languages such as Candoshi (isolate,\nPeru), which describes colours with terms that translate as ‘like\nthe feathers of a Milvago bird’ . For Candoshi, it is claimed that\nthese terms only have secondary use as colour terms, and that the\nlanguage therefore does not really have colour terms. An overarching\nword ‘colour’ is also lacking. Although the latter is the case for\nKalamang as well, and Kalamang colour terms are clearly derived\nterms, the words mentioned here are used primarily as colour terms.\nPeople backtranslate baranggap as ‘yellow’, for example, and not\nas ‘like turmeric’. \n[^79]: The relation between aspect and universal quantification is\ndiscussed for Timor-Alor languages in . See also : “Completives\ndiffer from finish semantics in that the endpoint of the event is\nnot reached by some actor wilfully ending it, but because a totality\nof referents is affected”. In\n§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>, I argue that Kalamang\n=i koyet does both. \n[^80]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin (§<a href=\"#sec:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kin\">[sec:kin]</a>). The corpus instances of\ntoni followed by a verb that is not marked with =kin are\nambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’ reading. \n[^81]: This is a morphosyntactic definition for a morphosyntactic\nphenomenon. Often-used criteria such as intonation and event\nstructure (in e.g. ) are argued to be hard to falsify and to follow\nfrom a morphosyntactic definition (e.g. ). \n[^82]: Alternatively, it could be argued that bo is an independent\nform of bot. In that case, complex predicates with bo are not\nSVCs. \n[^83]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin. Toni can also mean ‘say; think’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvctoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvctoni\">14.2.3</a>), so many of the corpus\ninstances of toni followed by a verb that is not marked with\n=kin are ambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’\nreading. \n[^84]: In examples like this, I do not know whether the volitional\nmarker refers to the third person plural subject or to the subject\nof the matrix clause. \n[^85]: Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the\nuse of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only\noccurs on pronouns). \n[^86]: The iamitive can co-occur with the progressive, the iamitive can\nco-occur with the completive, the nondum can co-occur with the\nprogressive and the nondum can co-occur with the completive. The\niamitive and nondum cannot co-occur with each other. The progressive\nand completive cannot co-occur with each other either. \n[^87]: Similar to English ‘yet’. \n[^88]: There is not currently enough data to determine whether the\nposition in the clause has an effect on the scope of the modal\nmarkers. Also, the exact word class of these markers remains\nunclear. Most of them are verb-like (and three of them are borrowed\nfrom Malay verbs), but again, data is too scarce to make a coherent\nproposal, and hence they are just discussed as ‘modal markers’ here. \n[^89]: Suka is likely a nominalised verb or a noun, and hence examples\nwith suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> could be paraphrased as ‘is not\nof subject’s liking’. \n[^90]: Compare Papuan Malay jadi as a sentence-final particle that\nindicates the reason for the sentence, according to . \n[^91]: suggest that temporal-anaphoric adverbs are often diachronic\nsources of apprehensive markers. This also seems to be the case for\nKalamang mena ‘later; otherwise; in case’, which corresponds to\nlocal Malay nanti ‘later’, also used in precautionary\nconstructions . \n[^92]: for the similarities between conditionals and topics see . \n[^93]: As well as into copulas and definite markers . \n[^94]: mention demonstratives as sources for fillers to deal with\nword-formation trouble, but I have only observed me functioning as\na filler between clauses (see\nalso§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a> for placeholder neba). \n[^95]: An adapted version of this section, with focus on the structure\nof The money-defecating cow, will appear in . \n[^96]: There are more indications the latter is the case, e.g. speakers\nasking others for names of protagonists (narr20), giving their names\nat the end of the story (narr28) or supplying background information\n(switching to Malay) after the start of the story (narr18). The only\nstory that was recorded twice, once in Kalamang for the camera and\nan audience of one (besides the linguist) and once in Papuan Malay\nbefore a class of school children, has more background information\nin the second version. This may be due to practice, but it may also\nbe an adaptation to the audience. Alternatively, names and other\ndetails I consider to be ‘background information’ are not deemed\nimportant by the Kalamang storytellers whose narratives were\nanalysed here. \n[^97]: There are more rock formations that are thought to be boat or\nship wrecks, sometimes from as recently as the Second World War.\nSimilar explanations for geographical features in other societies in\neastern Indonesia are given in . Pannell writes that one of her\ninformants noted that “all places which have a name, have a person\nand a history associated with them”. This is the case for Kalamang\nas well, judging from some descriptive coastal place names on the\nbig Karas island, such as Grandmother’s Cape, Women’s Foothill,\nButon Fish House Cape. \n[^98]: I have the impression that this is more used towards outsiders\nwith passive knowledge of Kalamang (such as frequent visitors to the\nisland, or myself) than between Kalamang speakers themselves. There\nare no examples of it in the corpus. \n[^99]: There are three reasons yor is not analysed as meaning ‘yes’.\nFirst, an affirmative answer to a yes/no question is not typically\ngiven with yor but with a repetition of the subject and the verb.\nSecond, Kalamang speakers translate it into Papuan Malay as betul\n‘true’, not as (i)ya ‘yes’. Third, diachronically yor also seems\nto mean ‘true’ or ‘right’. It is used in words and expressions like\nkabor se yor-tayun ‘pregnant’ (lit. ‘stomach already yor-side’)\nand yorsik ‘straight’. \n[^100]: Such obscured or polite forms may also be made in other ways.\nAnother obscured/polite word for sugar or rice is muap iriskap,\nlit. ‘white food’, and another obscured/polite word for pitis\n‘money’ is lolok ‘leaf’. \n[^101]: Archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC6-C>. This text\nserves as an example. Five other glossed and translated texts are\npublished as . ELAN and XML files with glosses and translations are\navailable for all texts in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^102]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFE-F>. \n[^103]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^104]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BEC-7>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: His sleeping area is dirty.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Minggalorun me kotur.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Minggalorun me kotur.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Information structure", "Header 2": "Focus", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:a\" label=\"sec:a\"></span> Focused constituents are those\nwhich the speaker tries to introduce into the discourse , or “essential\npiece\\[s\\] of new information” . Kalamang has two focus markers: the\nenclitics =a and =ba. \nThe enclitic =a is a focus marker that typically attaches to the NP or\nPP. Question words often carry this enclitic and are naturally focused.\nSee(<a href=\"#exe:namana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namana\">[exe:namana]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tamatkoa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamatkoa\">[exe:tamatkoa]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnaman=a kiem-an yuwa=at kuet\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nbasket-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span> bring\n‘Who took my basket?’ <span id=\"exe:namana\" label=\"exe:namana\"></span>\nmu tamatko=a kajie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> pick\n‘Where did they pick \\[chestnuts\\]?’ <span id=\"exe:tamatkoa\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamatkoa\"></span> \n</div> \nIt is also common for =a to occur on the object in a question-answer\npair like(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>), where obviously the\npiece of new information is that which the interlocutor is asking about,\nkapurui, the name of a dish. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Ki nebara paruotkin?” Mu he toni mu kapurui mera paruotkin.\nki neba=at=a paruot=kin mu se toni mu kapurui met=a paruot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> kapurui\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘“What do you want to make?’’ They said they wanted to make that\nkapurui.’ <span id=\"exe:terques\" label=\"exe:terques\"></span> \n</div> \nWe also encounter =a on manner adverbial demonstratives\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), where there is a natural focus\non the part translating as ‘like this’.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:wandia\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wandia\">[exe:wandia]</a>), where the demonstrative\nis also an answer to a question. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:wandia\" label=\"exe:wandia\"></span> “Tamandi nina?” “Wandi,\nwandia paru!”\ntamandi nina wandi wandi=a paru\nhow grandmother like_this like_this=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘“How, grandmother?’’ “Like this, do like this.”’ \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:kiafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiafoc\">[exe:kiafoc]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bonafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bonafoc\">[exe:bonafoc]</a>), together\nwith(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>) above, show that focus\nmarker =a comes after postpositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nemun se sap=ki=a mara∼mara\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nstick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins=foc</span>\nmove_landwards∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘His mother came walking with a stick.’ <span id=\"exe:kiafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiafoc\"></span> mier pas kahen kon=bon=a min\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> woman tall\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com=foc</span> sleep\n‘She and a tall woman are sleeping.’ <span id=\"exe:bonafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:bonafoc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe clitic =ba is a secondary focus marker found only on\ndemonstratives (example<a href=\"#exe:yuwaba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yuwaba\">[exe:yuwaba]</a>), proper names\n(example<a href=\"#exe:tomib\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tomib\">[exe:tomib]</a>), question word naman ‘who’\nand question word root tama\n(example<a href=\"#exe:puloro\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:puloro\">[exe:puloro]</a>). It is much rarer than\n=a. =ba is often, but not exclusively, used with questions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmungkin dodon-un yuwa=ba neba=ko pue to semen=ko\nmaybe clothes-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph=loc</span> hit right\nconcrete=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘Maybe these clothes of his hit the whatsit, right, the concrete.’\n<span id=\"exe:yuwaba\" label=\"exe:yuwaba\"></span> wat na=ten yuwa naman=a\nyuwa ... Tomi=ba ye\ncoconut consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nTomi=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> or\n‘\\[Someone\\] who is drinking coconut here, who is this, Tomi?’\n<span id=\"exe:tomib\" label=\"exe:tomib\"></span> pulor opa ka tu=ta me\ntama=ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ta</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf that you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:puloro\" label=\"exe:puloro\"></span> \n</div> \nThe meaning of =ba as opposed to =a remains unclear. One also finds\nmixing of the two focus markers, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mantanba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mantanba\">[exe:mantanba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Namana somin?” “Ge o, Tete Mantanba, Tete Loklomin.”\nnaman=a somin ge o tete Mantan=ba tete Loklomin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> die no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> grandfather\nMantan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> grandfather Loklomin\n‘“Who died?’’ “Oh, grandfather Mantan, grandfather Loklomin.”’\n<span id=\"exe:mantanba\" label=\"exe:mantanba\"></span> \n</div> \n=ba is also used in a filler construction consisting of proximal\ndemonstrative wa, =ba and progressive =teba. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok wa=ba=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘He still, eh...’ neba kaman-un, kaman wa=ba=teba\nwhat grass-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> grass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘What kind of grass, grass eh...’ \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Maps", "Header 2": null, "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"ch:maps\" label=\"ch:maps\"></span>\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnarrnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">23.1</a> displays those names\nmentioned in the traditional narratives\n(§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>).\nMap<a href=\"#fig:karasnames\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"fig:karasnames\">23.2</a> shows all recorded coastal\nnames of the big Karas island, and a few additional place names. For a\nbigger version, zoom in on the digital version of this page, or download\nthe map from the Kalamang archive.[^104] \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnarrnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names_narratives.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Place names of Karas mentioned in traditional\nnarratives</figcaption>\n</figure> \n<figure id=\"fig:karasnames\">\n<embed src=\"Images/Karas_Islands_w_names.pdf\" />\n<figcaption>Coastal place names of Karas</figcaption>\n</figure> \n[^1]: Data taken from the 2018 and 2019 publications of Statistik Daerah\nKabupaten Fakfak \\[Statistics Fakfak Regency Area\\], published by\nthe Badan Pusat Statistik Daerah Fakfak \\[Central Bureau of\nStatistics Fakfak Area\\]. Publications can be found at\n<https://fakfakkab.bps.go.id/publication.html>. \n[^2]: This map seems to be an unpublished draft, but is for example used\nin . \n[^3]: (Sub)grouping in this paragraph according to Glottolog. \n[^4]: Data on the map (series 1501, sheet SA 53-13, edition 1) comes\nfrom the years 1956-1960. \n[^5]: Archived at <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF4-4> \n[^6]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFB-1> \n[^7]: Recordings of prayers can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF7-4>,\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D> and\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6>. Picture\nmaterial of shared meals is available at the last two links. \n[^8]: These comprise the water in Sebakor Bay, extending southwards at\nleast as far as Kitikiti waterfall (3°50’25.7\"S 132°47’57.5\"E). I do\nnot know if the waters west of the biggest Karas island belong to\nKaras district, or if the water is divided between the\nKalamang-speaking and Uruangnirin-speaking communities. \n[^9]: Of whom at least one has passed away since. \n[^10]: This was operationalised in Indonesian as lancar; yang tahu\nbahasa bagus sekali and kurang lancar; yang masih pikir-pikir. \n[^11]: While there is obviously a cline in proficiency from fluent to\nnon-fluent to minimal, it was no matter of discussion for my two\nconsultants whom to include as fluent and non-fluent speakers, and\nwhom to exclude from the speaker count. \n[^12]: The only instance where I have noticed people showing off with\nKalamang is when in public places in Fakfak with me, but it is used\nto trick others into believing that they are speaking English with\nme. \n[^13]: Kapaur in . \n[^14]: Patimuni in . In other sources spelled as Bah(a)am or Mbahaam. \n[^15]: explain well how the descriptive linguist both informs and is\ninformed by typology and formal linguistics. I can only hope I have\nstruck the right balance. \n[^16]: Audio recordings for phonetic analysis and of paradigms, made in\n2015, contain the voices of four other (partial) speakers. Their\nmetadata can be found in the corpus. \n[^17]: Other people to whom gifts were extended are my hosts in Fakfak\nand Mas, the village head of Mas, my local aunts, uncles and\ngrandmother, and other people with whom I maintained a personal\nrelationship. \n[^18]: The corpus, called The Kalamang collection: an archive of\nlinguistic and cultural material from Karas can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^19]: A fifth field trip was planned for 2020 but had to be cancelled\ndue to COVID-19. Luckily, I had enough data to finish the current\nstudy. Things that I had planned for the last field trip included\ndouble-checking the transcriptions of recordings made in 2019,\ndouble-checking all the examples used in this study, double-checking\nsome lemmas in the dictionary, collecting more pictures for the\ndictionary, recording audio samples of all lemmas, collecting\nrecordings of more genres (such as making offerings, ghost stories,\nand action camera recordings of people in their gardens and loading\na canoe), collecting supplementary grammaticality judgements on\nvarious topics (such as the apprehensive construction, classifiers,\npossessive constructions, prosody, quantifiers and reflexives) and\ncarrying out ethnobotanic/linguistic fieldwork in collaboration with\nan MA student in ethnobotany. \n[^20]: A breath group is what the speaker manages to say between two\nbreaths, and is a convenient way to divide utterances. This division\nwas not strictly followed. Sometimes people would pause without\nbreathing – for example at the end of a non-final clause. Some\nspeakers had a habit of uttering very long stretches of speech,\nseemingly without breathing. These stretches were divided wherever\nit seemed practical to do so during the transcription. \n[^21]: Transcribed recordings are archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^22]: Annotated elicited data is archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A>. \n[^23]: While I do think that there are differences in style and\nnaturalness between the three categories stimulus-based, narrative\nand conversations, I have not actually investigated this. Also, the\ncategories are not clear-cut. The stimulus-based recordings\nobviously can be narratives or conversations, conversations may\ncontain stretches of narrative, narratives may contain a short\nconversation with a passer-by, etc. This classification is just one\nway to give the reader at least some degree of context when reading\nan example. \n[^24]: Defined in as “connected naturally occurring utterance\\[s\\]”. \n[^25]: Some of it can be found in the conversations between Fajaria\nYarkuran and Nurmia Yarkuran (conv9–11, conv13–16), which are\ninterrupted by children entering the room. Some speakers also\naddress the linguist in an opening and a closing of a narrative in\nPapuan Malay (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:narr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:narr\">[sec:narr]</a>). Note that code switching\nbetween Kalamang and Papuan Malay without a change of audience,\ntypically for just a few words at a time, is very common and occurs\nin all recordings. \n[^26]: One song, Loflof, can be found at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BF9-5>, and the\nnarratives narr18 and narr19 contain short songs. The ritual chant\ntenggelele can be found in conv8. See also\n§<a href=\"#sec:formula\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:formula\">[sec:formula]</a>. \n[^27]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-C3E8-1>. \n[^28]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^29]: These can currently be found at\n<https://www.christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/representations/gloss/index.php?open=../../../../../includes/gramm_category_labels.inc>. \n[^30]: According to . I do not have access to the original report. \n[^31]: In fact, if one takes into account the WALS features and\nlanguages, the Papuan languages do not stand apart from the rest of\nthe world’s languages at all . \n[^32]: : “\\[W\\]e define East Nusantara as a geographical area that\nextends from Sumbawa to the west, across the islands of East Nusa\nTenggara, Maluku including Halmahera, and to the Bird’s Head of New\nGuinea in the east \\[...\\]. In the northwest, the area is bounded by\nSulawesi.” \n[^33]: Melanesia, based on the features considered in , “begins in the\narea of Flores-Sumba-Timor, reaches through New Guinea and into the\nBismarck Archipelago, and concludes in Vanuatu-New Caledonia”\n(p.122). Linguistic Wallacea is similar to East Nusantara.\nLinguistic Wallacea differs from Biological Wallacea in that the\nformer does not include Sulawesi and the latter does not include any\nparts of New Guinea. \n[^34]: Voiced stops do not occur syllable-finally, also not as\nunderlying phonemes. The voiceless stops that are syllable-final are\nso also underlyingly. \n[^35]: As counted in April 2019. \n[^36]: Timothy Usher (p.c.) suggests that this is the case because it\nderives historically from a longer form \\kinV. \n[^37]: Note that this is an intonational* pitch accent, not to be\nconfounded with lexical tones. \n[^38]: I checked 96 Papuan grammars and grammar sketches in 2018. Of\nthese, 29 make some mention of intonation, ranging from a brief\nmention in the chapter on discourse structuring to a number or arrow\nsystem to describe intonation created by the author of the grammar.\nOf these 29, only five grammars include pitch contours. Of those\nfive, only three have pitch contours generated with help of\nsoftware. Those three languages are described here. For the other\ntwo languages, Mauwake and Menggwa Dla, only hand-drawn pitch\ncontours without alignment or a Hz scale are available. The\ndescription of prosody in Qaqet came to my attention in 2020 and was\nadded subsequently. \n[^39]: There are other comparative data that may give a clue to the\norigin of /t/ and /n/. The West Bomberai language Iha has the\n(singular patient) -ny and (plural patient) -te conjugations in\nsome verbs , and the East Timorese language Fataluku has the same\nsubject clitic =n(u) and different subject =t(u) . Although\nKalamang has no synchronic number marking for patients or\nswitch-reference marking, the phonemes /t/ and /n/ may be remnants\nof something similar. \n[^40]: The forms wat and met are underlyingly or diachronically\nwa=at ‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span>’ and me=at\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist=obj</span>’ (see\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), respectively, and cannot be\ncompared to a verb such as bo ‘to go’, which has two uninflected\nforms: bo and bot. \n[^41]: Note also that there are instances where there has been an\nobvious loss of prenasalisation between vowels – for example, in the\nnumerals /kodak/ ‘just one’ and /kodaet/ ‘one more’. These are\ndiachronically /kon/ + /tak/ and /kon/ + /taet/, respectively. It is\nlikely that these forms originally were \\[kondak̚\\] and \\[kondaet̚\\]\n(nasal assimilation, §<a href=\"#sec:assim\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:assim\">[sec:assim]</a>), which were reanalysed\nas monomorphemic words before the nasal was removed for some reason.\nOtherwise, we would expect \\[korak̚\\] and \\[koraet̚\\] (lenition of\nintervocalic stops, §<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). \n[^42]: I started a test where I let different speakers transcribe the\nsame 11 sentences from corpus recordings, to see how they would\nsegment units. I did not do the test with more than two speakers,\nhowever, because I realised there was a lack of good speakers who\ncould write clearly enough to determine segments. Although most\nKalamang speakers are literate, many of them are not experienced or\nfluent writers. \n[^43]: Except for verbs in the imperative mood, which distinguish\nbetween singular and plural subjects\n(§<a href=\"#sec:verbdistr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:verbdistr\">[sec:verbdistr]</a>). \n[^44]: Note the similarity of this suffix with the last part of the\npronominal suffix -autak ‘alone’,\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:pron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:pron\">[ch:pron]</a>, and the last part of\nreidak ‘many’,\nexample<a href=\"#exe:inreidak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:inreidak\">[exe:inreidak]</a>. \n[^45]: These are analysed as postpositions, not case markers, because of\nthe domain of attachment (the NP, not the noun), a lack of agreement\nor declension paradigms, and because the forms are almost mutually\nexclusive. The author has no strong preference for either analysis,\nand encourages the reader to replace “postposition” with “case\nmarker” in their mind if they wish. \n[^46]: See and for a definition of and information about the categories\niamitive and nondum, respectively. \n[^47]: A sixth root, teit- ‘neighbour’, was elicited as inalienable\nbut does not occur in the natural spoken corpus. \n[^48]: Several data points suggest a link between agentive nominaliser\n-et and a more general “animator”. Many animal names, especially\nthose for insects, end in -et or -let (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:letet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:letet\">48</a>). This is not a productive suffix\non animal names, and there is no proof of a diachronic relation with\nthe agentive nominaliser -et. However, note also the animate\nclassifier et- (§<a href=\"#sec:clf\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:clf\">[sec:clf]</a>). A speculative relation\ncould be made between donenet ‘black ant’ and -nenen ‘body hair’\n(‘that which is hairy’), and between kalabet ‘earth worm’ and\nkalawen ‘soft’ (‘that which is soft’). Kedederet ‘k.o. bird’\ncould be derived from an onomatopoeion. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \ndonenet ‘black ant’ kalabet ‘earth worm’ kalkalet ‘mosquito’\nkapapet ‘glassy sweeper (k.o. fish)’ kedederet ‘k.o. small black\nbird’ pabalet ‘fly’ pueselet ‘spider’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:letet\" label=\"exe:letet\"></span> \n</div> \n[^49]: The general associative marker =kin is used to make similar\nconstructions to these. See\n§<a href=\"#sec:asspl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:asspl\">10.7</a>. \n[^50]: Japanese and Korean have similar phenomena, where quantifiers can\nbe both inside and outside the NP . \n[^51]: Contra the preliminary analysis of the Kalamang pronominal system\nin , clusivity is a well-established distinction in Kalamang. \n[^52]: This observation is impressionistic. It is based on a corpus\nsearch for pronouns with a suffixed numeral. A confounding factor is\nthat lower numerals are more common than higher numerals. \n[^53]: This is parallel to the local Malay, where mama tua and bapak\ntua are father or mother’s older sister and brother, respectively.\nA parent’s younger sister can be called (mama) ci, but I am not\naware of a corresponding term for men in use on Karas. \n[^54]: Using the established abbreviations for kinship terms: e = elder,\ny = younger, F = father, M = mother, B = brother, Z = sister, S =\nson, D = daughter, H = husband, W = wife. I.e. FeZ means ‘father’s\nelder sister’. \n[^55]: In other words, lineal kin of both two generations up and two\ngenerations down from ego is referred to as tara- \n[^56]: Polygamy is legal in Indonesia but not currently practiced on\nKaras. \n[^57]: Anak piara in local Malay. The parents of such a child are\ntypically alive and capable of taking care of children, and are in\ncontact with the child they have fostered out. This may be a\npractice that takes care of individuals or families that do not or\ncannot have children themselves, while at the same time lifting the\nburden from families with many children. \n[^58]: 7 = 6 + 1 is found in several languages of the area, among which\nare the Aru languages, Onin, Sekar and Uruangnirin . \n[^59]: There might be an intonational difference, but this was not\ntested for. \n[^60]: The West Bomberai language Mbaham has a word muur ‘branch’ and\na transport classifier mu- , and Iha has a classifier mur for\nboats, ‘motor’ and branches (Katherine Walker, p.c.). \n[^61]: While I elicited negative grammaticality judgments for mir-\nwith, for example, other modes of transport or other things made of\nwood, I have not had the chance to test pel- in combination with\nnouns other than ‘banana’. In other words, the status of pel- as a\nunique classifier is based on its lack of appearance in combination\nwith nouns other than ‘banana’ in the current corpus. \n[^62]: maybe tau ‘?’ + eir ‘two’, although ‘two sides’ is tawirir \n[^63]: These are pendapat ‘opinion’ (Malay loan), toman ‘bag’, hak\n‘right’ (Malay loan), kewe ‘house’, asal ‘origin’ (Malay loan)\nand guru ‘teacher’ (Malay loan). A reason that many of these are\nMalay loans might be that possessive constructions in Papuan Malay\nare made with a periphrastic construction (possessor + ‘have’ +\npossessum), which might trigger the use of a possessive pronoun\ninstead of a suffix in Kalamang. In any case, the number of\noccurrences of these words is so low in comparison to those of esa\n‘father’ and ema ‘mother’ that we will not consider them any\nfurther. \n[^64]: There is no restriction against a possessive suffix on a noun\nending in /a/, cf. nika-an ‘my fishing line’. \n[^65]: Compare also tamandi ‘how’, apparently formed with the question\nword root tama and the suffix -ndi. \n[^66]: Karas is spoken on a limestone island that rises out of the sea.\nBoth villages, Mas and Antalisa, are built on a strip of beach and\nthe adjacent slopes. \n[^67]: Note that the phonemes -n and -t (~ -d ~ -r) also occur\non demonstratives and question words, and pose a morphophonological\nproblem that is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:problems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:problems\">[sec:problems]</a>. \n[^68]: Other predicate enclitics, such as non-final =te and =ta or\nprogressive =teba, do not trigger the insertion of -t or -n. \n[^69]: The fact that the form with -n does not carry y- and vice\nversa may be related to them having different stress patterns:\nˈyecie vs eˈcien. All “uninflected” verbs with -n carry stress\non the last syllable, even if the verb without -n carries stress\non the first (e.g. ˈpotma vs potˈman ‘to cut’, ˈparuo vs\npaˈruon ‘to do’, ˈosie vs oˈsien) but yecie is the only one\nwith a difference in initial vowel. Syllable weight does not\nnormally play a role in stress assignment in Kalamang (as described\nin§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>). \n[^70]: Exceptions are gocie ‘to live’ and yecie ‘to return’, but\nbecause these have different semantics I have not listed them here.\nNote, however, that -cie in gocie may also be a morpheme, as\ngo means ‘place’. Those counterparts in -cie marked with an\nasterisk in the table were rejected in elicitation; the gaps remain\nto be tested. \n[^71]: A distinction between na in the meaning ‘to drink’ and in the\nmeaning ‘to eat’ was made to make the dataset comparable with other\nlanguages. Na ‘to eat’ was very unlikely to incorporate. For\ndetails, see . \n[^72]: This is why some reduplications are glossed as\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>’, instead of forcing a specific\nreading on them. \n[^73]: Four words in the lexicon might contain a fossilised prefix\nun-. These are unmasir ‘to give birth’ (cf, masir ‘to weed’),\nunkoryap ‘to divide’ (cf. koryap ‘to divide’, yap ‘to\ndivide’), unkawer ‘body fat’ (kawer not attested) and unsor\n‘orange-spotted trevally’ (cf. sor ‘fish’). \n[^74]: This construction was elicited with a picture of child washing\nits own hair, which was contrasted with a picture of a mother\nbathing a child. Showing the picture was accompanied by a request\nfor a translation of Malay anak mandi diri ‘the child bathes\nitself’ and saya mandi diri ‘I bathe myself’. \n[^75]: The translational equivalent of two applicatives and three\npromoted arguments is not entirely clear and therefore given with a\nquestion mark. \n[^76]: Other languages with a zero morpheme for ‘give’ are the Gum\nlanguages of Papua New Guinea, notably , and , a Muskogean language\n. \n[^77]: For comparative constructions, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:compcon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compcon\">[sec:compcon]</a>. \n[^78]: This is reminiscent of languages such as Candoshi (isolate,\nPeru), which describes colours with terms that translate as ‘like\nthe feathers of a Milvago bird’ . For Candoshi, it is claimed that\nthese terms only have secondary use as colour terms, and that the\nlanguage therefore does not really have colour terms. An overarching\nword ‘colour’ is also lacking. Although the latter is the case for\nKalamang as well, and Kalamang colour terms are clearly derived\nterms, the words mentioned here are used primarily as colour terms.\nPeople backtranslate baranggap as ‘yellow’, for example, and not\nas ‘like turmeric’. \n[^79]: The relation between aspect and universal quantification is\ndiscussed for Timor-Alor languages in . See also : “Completives\ndiffer from finish semantics in that the endpoint of the event is\nnot reached by some actor wilfully ending it, but because a totality\nof referents is affected”. In\n§<a href=\"#sec:compl\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:compl\">[sec:compl]</a>, I argue that Kalamang\n=i koyet does both. \n[^80]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin (§<a href=\"#sec:kin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kin\">[sec:kin]</a>). The corpus instances of\ntoni followed by a verb that is not marked with =kin are\nambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’ reading. \n[^81]: This is a morphosyntactic definition for a morphosyntactic\nphenomenon. Often-used criteria such as intonation and event\nstructure (in e.g. ) are argued to be hard to falsify and to follow\nfrom a morphosyntactic definition (e.g. ). \n[^82]: Alternatively, it could be argued that bo is an independent\nform of bot. In that case, complex predicates with bo are not\nSVCs. \n[^83]: It is unclear whether toni ‘want’ can be used without\nvolitional =kin. Toni can also mean ‘say; think’\n(§<a href=\"#sec:mvctoni\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvctoni\">14.2.3</a>), so many of the corpus\ninstances of toni followed by a verb that is not marked with\n=kin are ambiguous between the ‘want’ and the ‘say; think’\nreading. \n[^84]: In examples like this, I do not know whether the volitional\nmarker refers to the third person plural subject or to the subject\nof the matrix clause. \n[^85]: Alternatively, one could say that prohibitive =in triggers the\nuse of special prohibitive pronoun forms (since the form -mun only\noccurs on pronouns). \n[^86]: The iamitive can co-occur with the progressive, the iamitive can\nco-occur with the completive, the nondum can co-occur with the\nprogressive and the nondum can co-occur with the completive. The\niamitive and nondum cannot co-occur with each other. The progressive\nand completive cannot co-occur with each other either. \n[^87]: Similar to English ‘yet’. \n[^88]: There is not currently enough data to determine whether the\nposition in the clause has an effect on the scope of the modal\nmarkers. Also, the exact word class of these markers remains\nunclear. Most of them are verb-like (and three of them are borrowed\nfrom Malay verbs), but again, data is too scarce to make a coherent\nproposal, and hence they are just discussed as ‘modal markers’ here. \n[^89]: Suka is likely a nominalised verb or a noun, and hence examples\nwith suka-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span> could be paraphrased as ‘is not\nof subject’s liking’. \n[^90]: Compare Papuan Malay jadi as a sentence-final particle that\nindicates the reason for the sentence, according to . \n[^91]: suggest that temporal-anaphoric adverbs are often diachronic\nsources of apprehensive markers. This also seems to be the case for\nKalamang mena ‘later; otherwise; in case’, which corresponds to\nlocal Malay nanti ‘later’, also used in precautionary\nconstructions . \n[^92]: for the similarities between conditionals and topics see . \n[^93]: As well as into copulas and definite markers . \n[^94]: mention demonstratives as sources for fillers to deal with\nword-formation trouble, but I have only observed me functioning as\na filler between clauses (see\nalso§<a href=\"#sec:ph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ph\">[sec:ph]</a> for placeholder neba). \n[^95]: An adapted version of this section, with focus on the structure\nof The money-defecating cow, will appear in . \n[^96]: There are more indications the latter is the case, e.g. speakers\nasking others for names of protagonists (narr20), giving their names\nat the end of the story (narr28) or supplying background information\n(switching to Malay) after the start of the story (narr18). The only\nstory that was recorded twice, once in Kalamang for the camera and\nan audience of one (besides the linguist) and once in Papuan Malay\nbefore a class of school children, has more background information\nin the second version. This may be due to practice, but it may also\nbe an adaptation to the audience. Alternatively, names and other\ndetails I consider to be ‘background information’ are not deemed\nimportant by the Kalamang storytellers whose narratives were\nanalysed here. \n[^97]: There are more rock formations that are thought to be boat or\nship wrecks, sometimes from as recently as the Second World War.\nSimilar explanations for geographical features in other societies in\neastern Indonesia are given in . Pannell writes that one of her\ninformants noted that “all places which have a name, have a person\nand a history associated with them”. This is the case for Kalamang\nas well, judging from some descriptive coastal place names on the\nbig Karas island, such as Grandmother’s Cape, Women’s Foothill,\nButon Fish House Cape. \n[^98]: I have the impression that this is more used towards outsiders\nwith passive knowledge of Kalamang (such as frequent visitors to the\nisland, or myself) than between Kalamang speakers themselves. There\nare no examples of it in the corpus. \n[^99]: There are three reasons yor is not analysed as meaning ‘yes’.\nFirst, an affirmative answer to a yes/no question is not typically\ngiven with yor but with a repetition of the subject and the verb.\nSecond, Kalamang speakers translate it into Papuan Malay as betul\n‘true’, not as (i)ya ‘yes’. Third, diachronically yor also seems\nto mean ‘true’ or ‘right’. It is used in words and expressions like\nkabor se yor-tayun ‘pregnant’ (lit. ‘stomach already yor-side’)\nand yorsik ‘straight’. \n[^100]: Such obscured or polite forms may also be made in other ways.\nAnother obscured/polite word for sugar or rice is muap iriskap,\nlit. ‘white food’, and another obscured/polite word for pitis\n‘money’ is lolok ‘leaf’. \n[^101]: Archived at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC6-C>. This text\nserves as an example. Five other glossed and translated texts are\npublished as . ELAN and XML files with glosses and translations are\navailable for all texts in the corpus at\n<http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6>. \n[^102]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BFE-F>. \n[^103]: At <http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/EV1>. \n[^104]: At <http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BEC-7>." } ], "index": 90, "level": "low_resource", "question": "His sleeping area is dirty.", "split": "train" }
Don pernananja losing puraman?	How many glasses do you have?	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: How many glasses do you have?\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"How\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: now\nKalamang translation: opatun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"How\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: low\nKalamang translation: garos\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"many\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: many hungry people\nKalamang translation: muawesese\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"many\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how many\nKalamang translation: puraman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"glasses\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: glassy sweeper\nKalamang translation: kapapet\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"glasses\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: glasses\nKalamang translation: saramin\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"do\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: do tenggelele\nKalamang translation: tenggelele\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"do\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: unable to do\nKalamang translation: alangan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"you\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: you know\nKalamang translation: kan; to\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"you\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"have\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: have a family\nKalamang translation: ruma tangga\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"have\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: have sex\nKalamang translation: yam\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"How\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When the tide is very low Tamandi's mother and friends go fishing for small fish with poisonous root.\nKalamang translation: Warkin emun kararak Tamandi emun mu birbir tup.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"How\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"many\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi's mother has many chickens, but they are still small.\nKalamang translation: Bobi emun kokoun reidak ba tok kinkinun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"many\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many lusi muaun trees at Sar, but they are dry.\nKalamang translation: Lusi muaun me Sarko reidak ma ma he sasa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"glasses\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Suci carries Inaya.\nKalamang translation: Suci Inayat nawas.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"glasses\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are no horses here.\nKalamang translation: Lajarang watkoet saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"do\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm doing the dishes noisily.\nKalamang translation: An pinganat waruo ar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"do\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The sugar is finished, what do we eat now.\nKalamang translation: Don iriskap koyet neba mindi muap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"you\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'll eat you whole.\nKalamang translation: An kat nani maoyet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"you\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I don't want to go in the front, you go first.\nKalamang translation: An sukaun boraratnin, ka borarei.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"have\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Muklis' mother have sack of rice with many husks.\nKalamang translation: Muklis emun me pasun goni kon me kupkuwun reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"have\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I have a shirt with a white pattern.\nKalamang translation: Ladanan me bungaun iriskap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:setok\" label=\"sec:setok\"></span> Kalamang has one\naspectual particle, se ‘already’, and one aspectual word, tok\n‘still; yet; first’. Both follow the subject NP. Se has an allomorph\nhe, which is usually used after vowels (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). This is not a watertight rule:\none does find se after vowels and (less commonly) he after\nconsonants. This suggests that se/he is developing into a clitic\n(which attaches to the subject NP). Because the form se or he is not\ncompletely predictable from the phonological context, I give both\nvariants as they are found in the corpus examples. I gloss se\n‘already’ as <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> for iamitive, which are\n“more or less grammaticalised markers that have functions shared by\n‘already’ and the perfect” .\n(<a href=\"#exe:se1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se1\">[exe:se1]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) illustrate the\nsyntactic position of se and tok, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npas opa me dudan-mur-un se mat panok∼panok\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ncousin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">kin.pl-3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\norder∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘That woman, her cousins already ordered him.’ <span id=\"exe:se1\"\nlabel=\"exe:se1\"></span> sayang-un tok kalom\\<lom\\>un\nnutmeg-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> still\nyoung\\<<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\\>\n‘Their nutmeg is still young.’ <span id=\"exe:tokstill\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokstill\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can have one of three meanings. The meaning ‘still’ is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) above. The meaning\n‘first’ is demonstrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokfirst\">[exe:tokfirst]</a>). When tok is\ncombined with a negated verb, it is translated as ‘yet’. Expressions\nwith the meaning ‘not yet’ are also known as nondums . \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok ecien=i kewe=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> first\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘First he went home.’ <span id=\"exe:tokfirst\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokfirst\"></span> pi taruot=et pi tok sampi=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> yet\narrive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘We are talking, we haven’t finished yet.’ <span id=\"exe:toksampi\"\nlabel=\"exe:toksampi\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can also be a free-standing negative answer (an interjection)\nmeaning either ‘still’ or ‘not yet’, depending on whether the question\ncontained a negative or not. Consider the contrast\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:stillschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:stillschool\">[exe:stillschool]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:notschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:notschool\">[exe:notschool]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> still go.to.school\n‘Do you still go to school?’ tok\nstill\n‘Yes \\[I still go to school\\].’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:stillschool\" label=\"exe:stillschool\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> yet\ngo_to_school=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Don’t you go to school yet?’ tok\nnot.yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:notschool\" label=\"exe:notschool\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:nakalcatok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nakalcatok\">[exe:nakalcatok]</a>) is taken from a\nstory about a black-haired monkey and a white-haired cuscus. The monkey\nasks the cuscus how to become white-haired. The cuscus then traps the\nmonkey in a narrow cage and puts him in the rising sea, whereupon the\nmonkey sees first his feet, then his belly, and then his entire body\nbecome lighter. The first tok in utterance B, an interjection,\ncontrasts with se ‘already’ in utterance A, and hence takes the\nnegative ‘not yet’ meaning. The second tok in answer B is an instance\nof the aspectual marker, here meaning ‘still’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan=at kahetmei eren-an se iren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nopen.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> white\n‘Release me, my body is white!’ o kusukusu toni tok nakal-ca tok\nkuskap=ta ime\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> cuscus say not_yet\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span> still\nblack=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘The cuscus says: “Not yet, your head is still black.”’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nakalcatok\" label=\"exe:nakalcatok\"></span> \n</div> \nIamitive se can often be translated with English ‘already’ or a\nperfect. In(<a href=\"#exe:seboet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:seboet\">[exe:seboet]</a>), the first se acts like\na perfect, while the second can be translated as ‘already’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:seboet\" label=\"exe:seboet\"></span> in se bo watko mu\ntoni wowa kain se bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say aunt\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘We went here, they said your aunt has (already) left.’ \n</div> \nSe is also used to make reference to (cultural) expectations (as is\nthe case in Malay usage/culture, see also ). One cannot ask ‘Are you\nmarried?’ or ‘Do you have children?’ without using se. In Kalamang,\nsince one is expected to marry and reproduce at some point, the use of\nse reflects this expectation.[^87] Likewise, the answer to these\nquestions cannot be ‘yes’ or ‘no’, but has to be se ‘already’ (plus at\nleast a repetition of the predicate and possibly also including a\nsubject) or tok ‘not yet’. An example is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:senamgon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:senamgon\">[exe:senamgon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka se namgon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmarried_female\n‘Are you married?’ tok\nnot_yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:senamgon\" label=\"exe:senamgon\"></span> \n</div> \nThese (cultural) expectations are also expressed through se for more\neveryday situations. In Maas, the village of the speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lampurse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lampurse\">[exe:lampurse]</a>), lights are\nautomatically turned on at 5:30PM. By using se with yuol ‘shine’,\nthe speaker expresses that an expected situation has occurred. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo se ginggir lampur se yuol\ncondition <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> late_afternoon lamp\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> shine\n‘It was late afternoon, the lamps were already on.’\n<span id=\"exe:lampurse\" label=\"exe:lampurse\"></span> \n</div> \nThe iamitive can also be used for changes of state, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sebotemun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sebotemun\">[exe:sebotemun]</a>), where a child has\ngrown up in the course of the story. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan bo lembaga nerun tumun-an se bo temun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go cell inside\nchild-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go big\n‘I went into prison, my child has grown up.’ <span id=\"exe:sebotemun\"\nlabel=\"exe:sebotemun\"></span> \n</div> \nFinally, iamitive se occurs in a fixed expression with koyet ‘to be\nfinished’ to indicate the end of a state or event, or of an entire\nstory. (<a href=\"#exe:pakuin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pakuin\">[exe:pakuin]</a>) narrates the building of a\nhouse. Se koyet is used to indicate that a day’s work is finished.\n(<a href=\"#exe:maraouk\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:maraouk\">[exe:maraouk]</a>) is the last utterance in\na story about a feast. The last events are listed (the serving and\nconsuming of tea and food), and then the story is closed off with se\nkoyet ‘the end’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntoni eh ma se me se koyet kasur=et eba paku=kin\nsay hey <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\ntomorrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\nnail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘\\[He\\] said: “Hey, that’s it, \\[we’re\\] finished, tomorrow we’ll nail.’\n<span id=\"exe:pakuin\" label=\"exe:pakuin\"></span> mu ter=at maraouk\nmuaw=at maraouk in ter-nan=i koyet muap=i koyet se koyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n‘They served the tea, served the food, we finished drinking tea,\nfinished eating, the end.’ <span id=\"exe:maraouk\"\nlabel=\"exe:maraouk\"></span> \n</div> \nThe two aspectual markers are compatible with negated or inherently\nnegative verbs (§<a href=\"#sec:lexicalneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lexicalneg\">[sec:lexicalneg]</a>), but change in\nmeaning. The aspectual markers have scope over the negation. The\naspectual word tok ‘still; yet; first’ can be combined with a negated\npredicate to form the meaning ‘not yet’, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokki\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokki\">[exe:tokki]</a>) (see\nalso<a href=\"#exe:toksampi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:toksampi\">[exe:toksampi]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:tokki\" label=\"exe:tokki\"></span> <span id=\"exe:tokna\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokna\"></span> ma tok nawanggar\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still wait\n‘He still waits.’ \n<span id=\"exe:tokbotnin\" label=\"exe:tokbotnin\"></span> Nyong esun\ntok bot=nin\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> yet\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Nyong’s father doesn’t go yet.’ \nWhen iamitive se is combined with a negative verb or negated\npredicate, it forms the meaning ‘not any more’. This is illustrated in\nexample(<a href=\"#exe:se\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se\">[exe:se]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:se\" label=\"exe:se\"></span> <span id=\"exe:inse\"\nlabel=\"exe:inse\"></span> in se mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> come\n‘We had already come.’ \n<span id=\"exe:heparuotnin\" label=\"exe:heparuotnin\"></span> ma se\nparuot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He won’t do it any more.’ \nTable<a href=\"#tab:setok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:setok\">15.1</a> shows the meanings associated with\nse and tok in affirmative and negative clauses. \n<div id=\"tab:setok\"> \n\| \| iamitive se \| nondum tok \|\n\|:------------\|:--------------------\|:------------------\|\n\| affirmative \| perfective; already \| still; yet; first \|\n\| negative \| not anymore \| not yet \|\n\| \| \| \| \nAspectual markers se and tok in affirmative and negative clauses \n</div> \nThe aspectual markers have scope over quantifiers and predicates.\nConsider (<a href=\"#exe:redai\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:redai\">[exe:redai]</a>), where negator =nin has\nscope over reidak ‘much’ and na ‘eat’, and tok has scope over\nboth. For a further description of the behaviour of quantifiers with\nrespect to the NP and the predicate, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:nmodqnt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nmodqnt\">[sec:nmodqnt]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok reidak-i nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> yet\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He hasn’t eaten much yet.’ <span id=\"exe:redai\"\nlabel=\"exe:redai\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nExistential and possessive clauses are expressed with existential\nmambon. (<a href=\"#exe:kewmam\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kewmam\">[exe:kewmam]</a>) is an existential clause.\nPossessive clauses,\nlike(<a href=\"#exe:huka-ca\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:huka-ca\">[exe:huka-ca]</a>), also include a\npossessive suffix on the possessed or a possessive pronoun. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkewe metko mambon\nhouse <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘There is a house there.’ <span id=\"exe:kewmam\"\nlabel=\"exe:kewmam\"></span> ka me hukat-ca mambon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nfishing_net-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘Do you have your fishing net?’ <span id=\"exe:huka-ca\"\nlabel=\"exe:huka-ca\"></span> \n</div> \nFor the negation of possessive clauses, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:negnonv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negnonv\">[sec:negnonv]</a>. Other possessive\nconstructions are described in\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:poss\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:poss\">[ch:poss]</a>.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: How many glasses do you have?\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Don pernananja losing puraman?", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Don pernananja losing puraman?", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Mood, aspect and modality marking", "Header 3": "Aspect", "Header 4": "Iamitive se ‘already’ and nondum tok ‘still; yet; first’" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:setok\" label=\"sec:setok\"></span> Kalamang has one\naspectual particle, se ‘already’, and one aspectual word, tok\n‘still; yet; first’. Both follow the subject NP. Se has an allomorph\nhe, which is usually used after vowels (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:len\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:len\">[sec:len]</a>). This is not a watertight rule:\none does find se after vowels and (less commonly) he after\nconsonants. This suggests that se/he is developing into a clitic\n(which attaches to the subject NP). Because the form se or he is not\ncompletely predictable from the phonological context, I give both\nvariants as they are found in the corpus examples. I gloss se\n‘already’ as <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> for iamitive, which are\n“more or less grammaticalised markers that have functions shared by\n‘already’ and the perfect” .\n(<a href=\"#exe:se1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se1\">[exe:se1]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) illustrate the\nsyntactic position of se and tok, respectively. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npas opa me dudan-mur-un se mat panok∼panok\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ncousin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">kin.pl-3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg.obj</span>\norder∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘That woman, her cousins already ordered him.’ <span id=\"exe:se1\"\nlabel=\"exe:se1\"></span> sayang-un tok kalom\\<lom\\>un\nnutmeg-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> still\nyoung\\<<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\\>\n‘Their nutmeg is still young.’ <span id=\"exe:tokstill\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokstill\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can have one of three meanings. The meaning ‘still’ is illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokstill\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokstill\">[exe:tokstill]</a>) above. The meaning\n‘first’ is demonstrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokfirst\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokfirst\">[exe:tokfirst]</a>). When tok is\ncombined with a negated verb, it is translated as ‘yet’. Expressions\nwith the meaning ‘not yet’ are also known as nondums . \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok ecien=i kewe=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> first\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘First he went home.’ <span id=\"exe:tokfirst\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokfirst\"></span> pi taruot=et pi tok sampi=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> yet\narrive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘We are talking, we haven’t finished yet.’ <span id=\"exe:toksampi\"\nlabel=\"exe:toksampi\"></span> \n</div> \nTok can also be a free-standing negative answer (an interjection)\nmeaning either ‘still’ or ‘not yet’, depending on whether the question\ncontained a negative or not. Consider the contrast\nbetween(<a href=\"#exe:stillschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:stillschool\">[exe:stillschool]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:notschool\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:notschool\">[exe:notschool]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> still go.to.school\n‘Do you still go to school?’ tok\nstill\n‘Yes \\[I still go to school\\].’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:stillschool\" label=\"exe:stillschool\"></span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka tok sekola=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> yet\ngo_to_school=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Don’t you go to school yet?’ tok\nnot.yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:notschool\" label=\"exe:notschool\"></span> \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:nakalcatok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nakalcatok\">[exe:nakalcatok]</a>) is taken from a\nstory about a black-haired monkey and a white-haired cuscus. The monkey\nasks the cuscus how to become white-haired. The cuscus then traps the\nmonkey in a narrow cage and puts him in the rising sea, whereupon the\nmonkey sees first his feet, then his belly, and then his entire body\nbecome lighter. The first tok in utterance B, an interjection,\ncontrasts with se ‘already’ in utterance A, and hence takes the\nnegative ‘not yet’ meaning. The second tok in answer B is an instance\nof the aspectual marker, here meaning ‘still’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan=at kahetmei eren-an se iren\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg=obj</span>\nopen.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> white\n‘Release me, my body is white!’ o kusukusu toni tok nakal-ca tok\nkuskap=ta ime\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> cuscus say not_yet\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span> still\nblack=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n‘The cuscus says: “Not yet, your head is still black.”’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nakalcatok\" label=\"exe:nakalcatok\"></span> \n</div> \nIamitive se can often be translated with English ‘already’ or a\nperfect. In(<a href=\"#exe:seboet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:seboet\">[exe:seboet]</a>), the first se acts like\na perfect, while the second can be translated as ‘already’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:seboet\" label=\"exe:seboet\"></span> in se bo watko mu\ntoni wowa kain se bo=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say aunt\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘We went here, they said your aunt has (already) left.’ \n</div> \nSe is also used to make reference to (cultural) expectations (as is\nthe case in Malay usage/culture, see also ). One cannot ask ‘Are you\nmarried?’ or ‘Do you have children?’ without using se. In Kalamang,\nsince one is expected to marry and reproduce at some point, the use of\nse reflects this expectation.[^87] Likewise, the answer to these\nquestions cannot be ‘yes’ or ‘no’, but has to be se ‘already’ (plus at\nleast a repetition of the predicate and possibly also including a\nsubject) or tok ‘not yet’. An example is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:senamgon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:senamgon\">[exe:senamgon]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka se namgon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmarried_female\n‘Are you married?’ tok\nnot_yet\n‘Not yet.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:senamgon\" label=\"exe:senamgon\"></span> \n</div> \nThese (cultural) expectations are also expressed through se for more\neveryday situations. In Maas, the village of the speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lampurse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lampurse\">[exe:lampurse]</a>), lights are\nautomatically turned on at 5:30PM. By using se with yuol ‘shine’,\nthe speaker expresses that an expected situation has occurred. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ngo se ginggir lampur se yuol\ncondition <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> late_afternoon lamp\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> shine\n‘It was late afternoon, the lamps were already on.’\n<span id=\"exe:lampurse\" label=\"exe:lampurse\"></span> \n</div> \nThe iamitive can also be used for changes of state, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sebotemun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sebotemun\">[exe:sebotemun]</a>), where a child has\ngrown up in the course of the story. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan bo lembaga nerun tumun-an se bo temun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> go cell inside\nchild-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go big\n‘I went into prison, my child has grown up.’ <span id=\"exe:sebotemun\"\nlabel=\"exe:sebotemun\"></span> \n</div> \nFinally, iamitive se occurs in a fixed expression with koyet ‘to be\nfinished’ to indicate the end of a state or event, or of an entire\nstory. (<a href=\"#exe:pakuin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pakuin\">[exe:pakuin]</a>) narrates the building of a\nhouse. Se koyet is used to indicate that a day’s work is finished.\n(<a href=\"#exe:maraouk\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:maraouk\">[exe:maraouk]</a>) is the last utterance in\na story about a feast. The last events are listed (the serving and\nconsuming of tea and food), and then the story is closed off with se\nkoyet ‘the end’. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntoni eh ma se me se koyet kasur=et eba paku=kin\nsay hey <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\ntomorrow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> then\nnail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘\\[He\\] said: “Hey, that’s it, \\[we’re\\] finished, tomorrow we’ll nail.’\n<span id=\"exe:pakuin\" label=\"exe:pakuin\"></span> mu ter=at maraouk\nmuaw=at maraouk in ter-nan=i koyet muap=i koyet se koyet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ntea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\nfood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> serve\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\ntea-consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\neat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n‘They served the tea, served the food, we finished drinking tea,\nfinished eating, the end.’ <span id=\"exe:maraouk\"\nlabel=\"exe:maraouk\"></span> \n</div> \nThe two aspectual markers are compatible with negated or inherently\nnegative verbs (§<a href=\"#sec:lexicalneg\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:lexicalneg\">[sec:lexicalneg]</a>), but change in\nmeaning. The aspectual markers have scope over the negation. The\naspectual word tok ‘still; yet; first’ can be combined with a negated\npredicate to form the meaning ‘not yet’, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tokki\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tokki\">[exe:tokki]</a>) (see\nalso<a href=\"#exe:toksampi\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:toksampi\">[exe:toksampi]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:tokki\" label=\"exe:tokki\"></span> <span id=\"exe:tokna\"\nlabel=\"exe:tokna\"></span> ma tok nawanggar\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still wait\n‘He still waits.’ \n<span id=\"exe:tokbotnin\" label=\"exe:tokbotnin\"></span> Nyong esun\ntok bot=nin\nNyong father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> yet\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Nyong’s father doesn’t go yet.’ \nWhen iamitive se is combined with a negative verb or negated\npredicate, it forms the meaning ‘not any more’. This is illustrated in\nexample(<a href=\"#exe:se\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:se\">[exe:se]</a>). \n<span id=\"exe:se\" label=\"exe:se\"></span> <span id=\"exe:inse\"\nlabel=\"exe:inse\"></span> in se mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> come\n‘We had already come.’ \n<span id=\"exe:heparuotnin\" label=\"exe:heparuotnin\"></span> ma se\nparuot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He won’t do it any more.’ \nTable<a href=\"#tab:setok\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:setok\">15.1</a> shows the meanings associated with\nse and tok in affirmative and negative clauses. \n<div id=\"tab:setok\"> \n\| \| iamitive se \| nondum tok \|\n\|:------------\|:--------------------\|:------------------\|\n\| affirmative \| perfective; already \| still; yet; first \|\n\| negative \| not anymore \| not yet \|\n\| \| \| \| \nAspectual markers se and tok in affirmative and negative clauses \n</div> \nThe aspectual markers have scope over quantifiers and predicates.\nConsider (<a href=\"#exe:redai\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:redai\">[exe:redai]</a>), where negator =nin has\nscope over reidak ‘much’ and na ‘eat’, and tok has scope over\nboth. For a further description of the behaviour of quantifiers with\nrespect to the NP and the predicate, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:nmodqnt\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nmodqnt\">[sec:nmodqnt]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok reidak-i nat=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> yet\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘He hasn’t eaten much yet.’ <span id=\"exe:redai\"\nlabel=\"exe:redai\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "The clause", "Header 2": "Verbal clauses", "Header 3": "Existential and possessive clauses", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "Existential and possessive clauses are expressed with existential\nmambon. (<a href=\"#exe:kewmam\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kewmam\">[exe:kewmam]</a>) is an existential clause.\nPossessive clauses,\nlike(<a href=\"#exe:huka-ca\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:huka-ca\">[exe:huka-ca]</a>), also include a\npossessive suffix on the possessed or a possessive pronoun. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nkewe metko mambon\nhouse <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘There is a house there.’ <span id=\"exe:kewmam\"\nlabel=\"exe:kewmam\"></span> ka me hukat-ca mambon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nfishing_net-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘Do you have your fishing net?’ <span id=\"exe:huka-ca\"\nlabel=\"exe:huka-ca\"></span> \n</div> \nFor the negation of possessive clauses, see\n§<a href=\"#sec:negnonv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negnonv\">[sec:negnonv]</a>. Other possessive\nconstructions are described in\nChapter<a href=\"#ch:poss\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:poss\">[ch:poss]</a>." } ], "index": 91, "level": "low_resource", "question": "How many glasses do you have?", "split": "train" }
Kai me keit owatko.	There is firewood up there.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: There is firewood up there.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"There\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: like here\nKalamang translation: owandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"There\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: up there\nKalamang translation: osatko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"firewood\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: New Guinea Rosewood\nKalamang translation: kayu nani\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"firewood\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: firewood\nKalamang translation: kaipur; kai\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"up\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: put up\nKalamang translation: napasang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"up\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: line up\nKalamang translation: nabaris\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"there\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"there\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: over there\nKalamang translation: owa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"There\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There was an earthquake, I felt it.\nKalamang translation: Leng dekta an narasa.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"There\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are no lontar palms here.\nKalamang translation: Naiar me watko saerak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"firewood\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We were boiling water and the fire burnt the fireplace.\nKalamang translation: In perlalangat kuarta didir din na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"firewood\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Fatima and family go collect firewood.\nKalamang translation: Fatima mu bo kairep teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"up\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He himself tidied his house up there.\nKalamang translation: Marain keweun osane nawanona.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"up\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I sleep with my face up (i.e. on my back).\nKalamang translation: An keitpisia min.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"there\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Is there fish or not?\nKalamang translation: Sor mambon ye saerak?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"there\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Toran there are many orchids.\nKalamang translation: Toran me kamaser reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThere is no previous ethnographic research conducted on Karas or the\nKalamang-speaking community. In this section, I share my own\nethnographic observations. All fieldwork was carried out in Mas, and\nthese ethnographic remarks are based on what I observed there,\nsupplemented by a cultural questionnaire I completed in 2019 with three\npeople from Mas.[^5] I have regularly visited Antalisa during all field\ntrips, and have no reason to believe that there are substantial\ndifferences between the villages. \nThe Kalamang-speaking community is largely comprised of fishermen and\nfarmers of nutmeg. They live in two villages, each with their own\nvillage head, following Indonesian social organisation. The kinship\nsystem is patrilineal. Close relationships, outside the nuclear family,\nare maintained with parents, aunts and uncles, and cousins. Resources\nare often pooled within the extended family for large undertakings like\nbuilding a house, or expensive events like tertiary education or\nmarriage. The woman is the head of the household, and the man is mainly\nresponsible for fishing. Nutmeg farming is an extended family business.\nThe inhabitants of Mas and Antalisa are Muslims, observing many Islamic\ncustoms, though mixing them with local ones. The majority live in\nconcrete houses roughly organized around a central square containing the\nvillage mosque. There is no known art. The skills for other material\nculture, such as woven products and canoes, are still practised but are\non the verge of being superseded by purchased modern materials. \nI have knowledge of rites connected to the following life events:\npregnancy, the first time a newborn leaves the house, the child’s first\nhaircut, circumcision, prenuptial negotiations, welcoming a new wife to\nthe island, marriage, the third day of marriage, entering other people’s\nhouses for the first time (for wives from outside the island), putting\nthe roof on a house, burial and memorials of a death. The following is a\nlist of recordings in the corpus where these rites are illustrated. The\ncode is a unique corpus tag. With help of this tag, the relevant\nrecordings and supplementary material like photographs can be found in\nthe corpus. An overview of all recordings can be found in the Appendix\non page. \n- prenuptial negotiations:\n[narr2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BCF-3) \n- welcoming a new wife (Tenggelele):\n[conv8](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D) \n- marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- third day of marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- putting the roof on a house:\n[narr3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD7-2) \n- burial: [conv7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC3-B) \n- death memorials:\n[narr1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD8-4) \nI have observed first-hand all the above-mentioned rituals with three\nexceptions: the rituals relating to entering someone’s house for the\nfirst time, pregnancy, and circumcision. Consultants have described\nthese as follows. \nWhen a wife from outside the island marries a man from Mas or Antalisa,\nshe cannot enter other people’s houses before the following ritual is\nperformed. The owners of the house must spread out a white cloth from\nthe entrance of their house, via which the woman enters. After that, she\nreceives another piece of cloth (typically an industrially-made\n“sarong”, a square piece or tube of cloth that can be worn wrapped\naround the waist). \nAt six months into a woman’s first pregnancy, one of her brothers ties a\nstring of pandanus leaf around her clothed belly and cuts it with a\nknife or scissors. This string is tied around a tree, e.g. a coconut\ntree, by the father-to-be, which is a sign that this tree now belongs to\nthe brother. The name of this ritual is koramtolma (koram has no\nindependent meaning; tolma means ‘to cut a string’). \nTwo other marked events are the bathing of the child at less than three\ndays after birth, and the bathing of the mother 40 days after giving\nbirth, after which the child may come out of the house (‘see the sun’)\nfor the first time. The first feeding of the child is also around this\ntime, and is accompanied by bestowing a name upon the child (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a> about names). The name is\nchosen by an older, respected community member. The child’s first\nhaircut is a festive gathering where a brother of the mother cuts off a\nbit of the child’s first hair. Attendees give money to the parents. The\nfirst haircut was traditionally observed in earlier times, but has only\nrecently become celebrated as a festive event. \nCircumcision is practised on both boys and girls when they are around\nnine years of age. The ritual is only attended and performed by people\nof the same sex as the child(ren) to be circumcised. Male circumcision\nis the cutting of the foreskin. It is unknown what female circumcision\non Karas consists of. The ritual is typically performed for more than\none child at the same time, and with inhabitants from both Kalamang- and\nUruangnirin-speaking villages combined. It is a big festive occasion\nthat is combined with dancing in the evening, comparable to marriages. \nDances are called nasula or tarian (Indonesian tarian; menari).\nConsultants report that people used to dance together in double pairs\n(two men and two women) lead by a foreman, but this practice has\ndisappeared. People dance on their own when performing traditional\ndances. The dances are accompanied by the beating of two types of drums\n(tiri, a flat drum with hide on top, hit with the hand, and tetetas,\na tall drum with hide on the side, hit with a stick), a gong and a\nflute. During my visits, no flute was available and a recording of the\nflute was played instead, while the drums were played live. Recordings\nof drumming and dancing are available in the corpus.[^6] Contemporary\ndancing (Indonesian joget) is mainly performed by adolescents to\ncontemporary Indonesian music and often takes the form of line-dancing\nor dancing in groups where everyone performs the same movements. \nAll rituals are accompanied by Islamic prayers, recited by the imam, who\nsits in front of a tray with a glass of cigarettes, betel leaves and\nincense. The prayers are joined by the men, and sometimes also the\nwomen. Another regular feature of rituals is a shared meal or tea. For\nboth prayers and the meal, it is common that the men sit in the guest\nreception room (the most important and biggest room of the house,\nlocated at the front, Indonesian ruang tamu) and the women and\nchildren are in the back of the house, close to the kitchen. This\npractice is not always strictly observed, and especially older women may\njoin the men in the front. A meal consists at least of coffee and tea\nserved with tea sweets (various cakes and fried tubers and banana), and\noften also includes warm food (rice and several fish and meat\naccompaniments). While people sit in a big rectangle on the floor along\nthe wall, the food is served in the middle of the room in a smaller\nsquare or rectangle, typically on a cloth or a banner on the floor. Food\nis served on evenly spaced plates, from which people serve to their own\nplates. Water is served in sealed plastic cups. Very sweet coffee and\ntea is served in glasses filled to the brim as a sign of respect (this\nalso applies to serving coffee and tea at home, whereas boiled water is\nthe norm to drink and serve at home).[^7] \nThe feeding of ancestors is practised when people want to build on a new\nsite, or get rid of pain or an illness they think they have contracted\nfrom a certain place (say a root that they stumbled over). I have not\nwitnessed this, but the ritual is described by consultants as follows.\nIn the house of the traditional authority (Indonesian tokoh adat), a\nplate is prepared with bits of betel nut, betel leaf, cooked fish,\ncoconut, tobacco, root vegetables or banana, rice, black cloth, cooking\noil and an egg. Sometimes prayers are read. The tokoh adat then takes\nthe plate to the place in question, or to a small rock in the sea in\nfront of Mas village (which is said to be related to the tokoh adat’s\nancestors), and confers with the ancestors (without speaking out loud).\nFor particularly important matters, a freshly washed white chicken may\nbe brought to the place in question, where its throat is cut and its\nblood is spread. The chicken is then buried in the middle of the area\nwhere the blood was spread. \nMany people file their teeth as adolescents or young adults. It is\nunknown why. Tattoos and piercings are not allowed, but reports tattoos\non the chest and scarifications of crosses on the arms and shoulders.\nOne consultant says body paint was used in former times during war and\nhongi raids. Men wear their hair short and women long. Most people go\nbareheaded, but cover their heads on formal and religious occasions.\nPeople wear contemporary Indonesian attire. On formal, festive and\nreligious occasions this means a sarong, shirt and black cap (Indonesian\nsongkok) for men, and a sarong, blouse (Indonesian kebaya) and\nheadcloth for women. While some of the older women wear headcloths that\nonly cover the hair, most younger women choose to wear a tight-fitting\nhijab. \nThe main religion in Mas and Antalisa is Islam. While daily prayers\nafter sunset are only attended by a handful of pious men in Mas, the\nmidday Friday prayers are attended by most men and boys. Women are\nhardly seen in the mosque. Most children take lessons in learning to\nread Arabic and recite prayers for several years. Gatherings for\nblessing prayers (Indonesian doa selamat) are very common, and are\nheld for blessing e.g. new boats, children who are about to take an\nexam, people who are about to set off on a long journey, etc. Although\nthere are many wild pigs on Karas, no one eats pork. On Thursdays in the\nlate afternoon, prayers for the dead are recited in several homes, after\nwhich a visit to the graves is paid. \nIslam probably arrived on the island around the time when it fell under\nthe sultanate of Tidore, which existed from 1450 to 1904. J.C. Keyts,\nwho visited the Karas Islands in 1678, describes the inhabitants as\nheathens . In 1872, when J.G. Coorengel visited, the inhabitants of at\nleast Faor are described as Muslims . There might have been an\nin-between stage when only leaders were converted . The oldest people in\nMas confirm that their grandparents were Muslims as well. The Islamic\nreligion, as in many places in Indonesia, is mixed with local customs .\nAn example of this are the small offerings that accompany prayer\nrecital, usually in the form of betel nuts, cigarettes, betel leaves and\nsometimes pastries. \nKalamang people residing on the island have two main sources of income:\nfishing and the production of nutmeg and mace (from Myristica\nargentea). While some people have small businesses selling their fish\nin Fakfak on an irregular basis, most people sell their fish to a\nBalinese trading company that has a storage place for live fish floating\nin the water close to Antalisa or Mas . Species sold are groupers\n(Plectropomus leopardus, areolatus, maculatus and oligacanthus,\nCromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and mixed groupers,\naccording to ) and lobsters (Panulirus versicolor). Different kinds of\ndried trepang (species unknown) are sold in Fakfak. Kalamang people may\nfish anywhere in Karas district waters, although people have their\npreferred spots for finding certain fish. People may set up temporary\ncamps on beaches close to lobster-diving places, to collect lobsters\nover several days before selling. A semi-permanent camp, where people\nmay reside for up to several months, is Timi Nepnep in the southern part\nof Sebakor Bay (on the New Guinea mainland). Outsiders who want to fish\nin Karas waters[^8] must ask permission from one of the village heads. \nNutmeg and mace are planted in family gardens behind the white sand\nbeaches on the big Karas island. These gardens are inherited by the\neldest son, who must divide the land among the siblings, though men\ninherit more than women. One may only harvest one’s own nutmeg. Nutmeg\nand mace are sold to traders in Fakfak, the regency capital. Between\ntheir nutmeg plantations and the white sand beaches, people plant\ncoconut trees. These are mainly harvested for personal use. People also\nuse their land to source firewood and collect wild edible things such as\nTahitian chestnuts (Inocarpus fagifer). Some people have a vegetable\ngarden which may or may not be on the same beach as their nutmeg\nplantation. This is for personal use or to sell produce on a small scale\nto people in the village. The crops planted in gardens are typically\nmaize, tomato, aubergine, beans, root vegetables, several banana species\nand various leafy greens. The gardens are usually kept by couples. \nBesides a health station (Indonesian puskesmas), a community building\nand a mosque, both Mas and Antalisa have a primary school with six\ngrades. In Mas, the head of the school is currently a civil servant\ndeployed from his native Sulawesi. A group of two to four teachers,\nmostly local people, teach in the three classrooms. For junior high,\nchildren move to Malakuli or Fakfak. Although the official statistics\nfor Fakfak regency report a 99% school participation level, I estimate\nthe level to be a little lower, at least in Mas, where several children\nwere out of school during my visits. Those people who complete higher\neducation move to work in the district capital Malakuli, in Fakfak, or\nelsewhere in Indonesia. The only Karas-born person with higher education\nliving in Mas is one of the school teachers. \nChildren’s work consists of small jobs like getting water from the well,\nsweeping the floor and, for girls, washing clothes. Line fishing from\nthe dock is a common activity for both boys and girls, as well as female\nadolescents. Adolescent boys join their fathers fishing and diving.\nWomen may also join their husbands to assist in fishing and diving, and\nmay also be seen fishing from the dock at night, fishing from small\npaddle canoes, or searching for shells at low tide. Night fishing at low\ntide seems to be a men’s activity. Other men’s tasks are constructing\nhouses, repairing machines, maintaining canoes and chopping firewood.\nWomen are responsible for cleaning, cooking, gardening and washing.\nHandicrafts such as weaving baskets and mats are also practised by\nwomen, but many of the women under 40 no longer have these skills, as\ncheap plastic replacements for these items are now available. In the\nnutmeg plantations much of the work is joint, although it is the men who\nclimb the trees to pluck the nutmeg (with the help of a bamboo stick\nwith a barb on it), while the women gather the fruits on the ground and\nsplit them open. \nAlthough some of the rituals described earlier seem to suggest that\nKalamang society has a custom of marrying women and not men from outside\nthe island, both variants of exogamy are currently practised. Kalamang\npeople have intermarried with people from Java, the Moluccas (especially\nGorom), Sulawesi (especially Bugis and Muna) and closer islands such as\nthe Kei islands and the other Karas Islands. This process has been going\non for at least several decades, with one of my oldest consultants\nhaving a Buginese father. The reason many partners come from the same\nareas in Indonesia is that these people may suggest new partners from\ntheir home town for Kalamang people looking for a suitable partner.\nEndogamy is also allowed and, judging from the different terms for\ncross-cousins (korapmur, who can be married), and parallel cousins\n(dudanmur, who count as siblings and cannot be married) this has also\nbeen tradition. Polygamy is permitted but is not currently practised.\nBridewealth must be paid by the groom’s side to the bride’s side. This\nmay range from several million rupiah to several dozen million rupiah,\ndepending on the wealth of the family and status of the people to be\nmarried. A village marriage usually does not involve more than 10\nmillion rupiah (approximately € 600), but the bridewealth for a city\nmarriage between high earners with high-status jobs (such as civil\nservant or business owner) may approach 100 million rupiah\n(approximately € 6000). It is mainly the bride’s family’s responsibility\nto organise and pay for the wedding, but the groom’s family may help\nwith this as well. \nPeople live in large concrete or (increasingly rare) wooden houses with\none or sometimes two nuclear families, often accompanied by\n(grand)parents and sometimes unmarried siblings of the parents. It is\nalso common to live together with an adopted child if one is childless\n(typically the child of a sibling of the caretaker) or if the child is\nan orphan. Nieces and nephews are considered children by their aunts and\nuncles. Aunts and uncles of the same sex as the parent (mother’s sisters\nand father’s brothers) are called ema and esa, respectively, the\nsame word as used for ‘mother’ and ‘father’. The Kalamang kinship system\nis similar to an Iroquois kinship system (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a> for details). Everyone\nhas a surname. There are five surnames considered indigenous in Mas:\nGusek, Yarkuran, Yorkuran, Yorre and Wambur. People feel connected to\npeople with the same surname. Surnames are inherited from the father.\nMore information about kinship terms and terms of address can be found\nin §<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:idphon\" label=\"sec:idphon\"></span> Ideophones are an “open\nlexical class of marked words that depict sensory imagery” . Several\nwords in the Kalamang lexicon could qualify as such. They stand out\nstructurally by being repetitive and containing several \\[r\\]’s or\nnasals, there is a resemblance between form and meaning, and their\nmeanings are related to sensory imagery. Because it is not clear which\nwords actually belong to this class, it was not introduced as a separate\nword class in Chapter<a href=\"#ch:wc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:wc\">[ch:wc]</a>. Here, I provide suggestions of which\nwords might be analysed as ideophones. \nTwo words discussed as possible manner adverbials in\n§<a href=\"#sec:manner\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:manner\">[sec:manner]</a> could be examples of\nideophones. These are sororo and dumuni. Though translational\nequivalents could not be offered, they seem related to the way certain\nquick movements look. Sororoi is used twice in the corpus, in the same\nstory, to modify the verb bara ‘descend’ in the context of climbing\ndown a tree. The utterance\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sororoii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sororoii\">[exe:sororoii]</a>) follows an order made\nby a giant for the protagonist of the story to come down. It is unclear\nwhich meaning sororoi adds to the utterance. Dumuni (variant\ndimuni) has eight occurrences in the corpus, and it seems to indicate\na change of direction in movement. This is illustrated by the examples\nin(<a href=\"#exe:dumunall\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dumunall\">[exe:dumunall]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:gontumm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gontumm\">[exe:gontumm]</a>), the main verb (‘to use’\nor ‘to eat’) is elided. A third word puru(ru) is also a candidate. In\ncontrast to sororoi and dumuni, puru(ru) is found in different\nsyntactic slots than as a verb modifier. Its three corpus examples are\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:pururuu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pururuu\">[exe:pururuu]</a>). Puru(ru) seems to\nexpress an unruly manner of falling or collapsing. What the three words\nhave in common is that they are related to manner of movement. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sororoi bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span>\ndescend\n‘She climbed down.’ <span id=\"exe:sororoii\" label=\"exe:sororoii\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nma tumun opa me se mengga dumuni ra\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> go\n‘That child already escaped? to there.’ <span id=\"exe:dumunii\"\nlabel=\"exe:dumunii\"></span> sabar se dumuni Nyong emun=kongga mengga\nmara\nfront <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> Nyong\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=an.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> move_landwards\n‘The front \\[of the canoe\\] already turned? towards Nyong’s mother on\nthe land-side.’ an toni pasa ... barsi=ten se koyet eh eba koi pi\ndumuni goni-tumun kon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say rice\nclean.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span> then then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> sack-small one\n‘I said the clean rice is finished, right, then we turn? to the one\nsmall sack.’ <span id=\"exe:gontumm\" label=\"exe:gontumm\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:dumunall\" label=\"exe:dumunall\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nma se pururu∼pururu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\npururu∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘It is ramshackle.’ <span id=\"exe:pururu\" label=\"exe:pururu\"></span>\nlolok kawat∼kawat pururu=i barat=et\nleaf branch∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span>\npururu=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Leaves and branches fell down.’ <span id=\"exe:kawatka\"\nlabel=\"exe:kawatka\"></span> ma keit osangga puru=ten=kap=te bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> top\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up.lat</span>\npururu=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ndescend\n‘He fell from that top up there.’ <span id=\"exe:pururen\"\nlabel=\"exe:pururen\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:pururuu\" label=\"exe:pururuu\"></span> \n</div> \nOther words that might classify as ideophones are bameoma, nainain\nand arerara, but have only one occurrence each in the corpus.\nBameoma in(<a href=\"#exe:bameoma\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bameoma\">[exe:bameoma]</a>) seems to express\ngrumbling or mumbling dissatisfied under one’s breath. Nainain\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nainain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nainain\">[exe:nainain]</a>), used twice by the same\nspeaker in the same text, could express talking or rambling on.\nAlternatively, this is a repeated nain ‘like’, but the fact that this\nspeaker does not repeat nain elsewhere in the recording and says\nnainain twice in relation to speaking suggests that this is an\nideophone. Arerara could be derived from the negative interjection\nade(h), sometimes pronounced are(h), expressing contempt or\ndissatisfaction. In(<a href=\"#exe:yaaulah\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yaaulah\">[exe:yaaulah]</a>), the speaker expresses\ndissatisfaction or annoyance with a naughty child. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nesnem nak-nokidak bameoma\nman just-be_silent bameoma\n‘The man was just silent: “Bameoma.”’ <span id=\"exe:bameoma\"\nlabel=\"exe:bameoma\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan nainain an ewa=et me ka tok∼tok=ta\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> nainain\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nstill∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘I “nainain”, when I speak, you wait.’ an nainain ewa=i koyet=te eba\nka=taet koi ewat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> nainain\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>=again then\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After I “nainain” finish speaking then you speak again.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nainain\" label=\"exe:nainain\"></span> ma toni ya_aula kier\narerara tumun yuwane tamandi=a\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say my_god\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span> arerara child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘She says: “My god, you two and this child, what should we do about\nyou?”’ <span id=\"exe:yaaulah\" label=\"exe:yaaulah\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: There is firewood up there.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Kai me keit owatko.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Kai me keit owatko.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Introduction", "Header 2": "Ethnographic and socio-economic remarks", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "There is no previous ethnographic research conducted on Karas or the\nKalamang-speaking community. In this section, I share my own\nethnographic observations. All fieldwork was carried out in Mas, and\nthese ethnographic remarks are based on what I observed there,\nsupplemented by a cultural questionnaire I completed in 2019 with three\npeople from Mas.[^5] I have regularly visited Antalisa during all field\ntrips, and have no reason to believe that there are substantial\ndifferences between the villages. \nThe Kalamang-speaking community is largely comprised of fishermen and\nfarmers of nutmeg. They live in two villages, each with their own\nvillage head, following Indonesian social organisation. The kinship\nsystem is patrilineal. Close relationships, outside the nuclear family,\nare maintained with parents, aunts and uncles, and cousins. Resources\nare often pooled within the extended family for large undertakings like\nbuilding a house, or expensive events like tertiary education or\nmarriage. The woman is the head of the household, and the man is mainly\nresponsible for fishing. Nutmeg farming is an extended family business.\nThe inhabitants of Mas and Antalisa are Muslims, observing many Islamic\ncustoms, though mixing them with local ones. The majority live in\nconcrete houses roughly organized around a central square containing the\nvillage mosque. There is no known art. The skills for other material\nculture, such as woven products and canoes, are still practised but are\non the verge of being superseded by purchased modern materials. \nI have knowledge of rites connected to the following life events:\npregnancy, the first time a newborn leaves the house, the child’s first\nhaircut, circumcision, prenuptial negotiations, welcoming a new wife to\nthe island, marriage, the third day of marriage, entering other people’s\nhouses for the first time (for wives from outside the island), putting\nthe roof on a house, burial and memorials of a death. The following is a\nlist of recordings in the corpus where these rites are illustrated. The\ncode is a unique corpus tag. With help of this tag, the relevant\nrecordings and supplementary material like photographs can be found in\nthe corpus. An overview of all recordings can be found in the Appendix\non page. \n- prenuptial negotiations:\n[narr2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BCF-3) \n- welcoming a new wife (Tenggelele):\n[conv8](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BDC-D) \n- marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- third day of marriage:\n[narr4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B70-6) \n- putting the roof on a house:\n[narr3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD7-2) \n- burial: [conv7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BC3-B) \n- death memorials:\n[narr1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BD8-4) \nI have observed first-hand all the above-mentioned rituals with three\nexceptions: the rituals relating to entering someone’s house for the\nfirst time, pregnancy, and circumcision. Consultants have described\nthese as follows. \nWhen a wife from outside the island marries a man from Mas or Antalisa,\nshe cannot enter other people’s houses before the following ritual is\nperformed. The owners of the house must spread out a white cloth from\nthe entrance of their house, via which the woman enters. After that, she\nreceives another piece of cloth (typically an industrially-made\n“sarong”, a square piece or tube of cloth that can be worn wrapped\naround the waist). \nAt six months into a woman’s first pregnancy, one of her brothers ties a\nstring of pandanus leaf around her clothed belly and cuts it with a\nknife or scissors. This string is tied around a tree, e.g. a coconut\ntree, by the father-to-be, which is a sign that this tree now belongs to\nthe brother. The name of this ritual is koramtolma (koram has no\nindependent meaning; tolma means ‘to cut a string’). \nTwo other marked events are the bathing of the child at less than three\ndays after birth, and the bathing of the mother 40 days after giving\nbirth, after which the child may come out of the house (‘see the sun’)\nfor the first time. The first feeding of the child is also around this\ntime, and is accompanied by bestowing a name upon the child (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a> about names). The name is\nchosen by an older, respected community member. The child’s first\nhaircut is a festive gathering where a brother of the mother cuts off a\nbit of the child’s first hair. Attendees give money to the parents. The\nfirst haircut was traditionally observed in earlier times, but has only\nrecently become celebrated as a festive event. \nCircumcision is practised on both boys and girls when they are around\nnine years of age. The ritual is only attended and performed by people\nof the same sex as the child(ren) to be circumcised. Male circumcision\nis the cutting of the foreskin. It is unknown what female circumcision\non Karas consists of. The ritual is typically performed for more than\none child at the same time, and with inhabitants from both Kalamang- and\nUruangnirin-speaking villages combined. It is a big festive occasion\nthat is combined with dancing in the evening, comparable to marriages. \nDances are called nasula or tarian (Indonesian tarian; menari).\nConsultants report that people used to dance together in double pairs\n(two men and two women) lead by a foreman, but this practice has\ndisappeared. People dance on their own when performing traditional\ndances. The dances are accompanied by the beating of two types of drums\n(tiri, a flat drum with hide on top, hit with the hand, and tetetas,\na tall drum with hide on the side, hit with a stick), a gong and a\nflute. During my visits, no flute was available and a recording of the\nflute was played instead, while the drums were played live. Recordings\nof drumming and dancing are available in the corpus.[^6] Contemporary\ndancing (Indonesian joget) is mainly performed by adolescents to\ncontemporary Indonesian music and often takes the form of line-dancing\nor dancing in groups where everyone performs the same movements. \nAll rituals are accompanied by Islamic prayers, recited by the imam, who\nsits in front of a tray with a glass of cigarettes, betel leaves and\nincense. The prayers are joined by the men, and sometimes also the\nwomen. Another regular feature of rituals is a shared meal or tea. For\nboth prayers and the meal, it is common that the men sit in the guest\nreception room (the most important and biggest room of the house,\nlocated at the front, Indonesian ruang tamu) and the women and\nchildren are in the back of the house, close to the kitchen. This\npractice is not always strictly observed, and especially older women may\njoin the men in the front. A meal consists at least of coffee and tea\nserved with tea sweets (various cakes and fried tubers and banana), and\noften also includes warm food (rice and several fish and meat\naccompaniments). While people sit in a big rectangle on the floor along\nthe wall, the food is served in the middle of the room in a smaller\nsquare or rectangle, typically on a cloth or a banner on the floor. Food\nis served on evenly spaced plates, from which people serve to their own\nplates. Water is served in sealed plastic cups. Very sweet coffee and\ntea is served in glasses filled to the brim as a sign of respect (this\nalso applies to serving coffee and tea at home, whereas boiled water is\nthe norm to drink and serve at home).[^7] \nThe feeding of ancestors is practised when people want to build on a new\nsite, or get rid of pain or an illness they think they have contracted\nfrom a certain place (say a root that they stumbled over). I have not\nwitnessed this, but the ritual is described by consultants as follows.\nIn the house of the traditional authority (Indonesian tokoh adat), a\nplate is prepared with bits of betel nut, betel leaf, cooked fish,\ncoconut, tobacco, root vegetables or banana, rice, black cloth, cooking\noil and an egg. Sometimes prayers are read. The tokoh adat then takes\nthe plate to the place in question, or to a small rock in the sea in\nfront of Mas village (which is said to be related to the tokoh adat’s\nancestors), and confers with the ancestors (without speaking out loud).\nFor particularly important matters, a freshly washed white chicken may\nbe brought to the place in question, where its throat is cut and its\nblood is spread. The chicken is then buried in the middle of the area\nwhere the blood was spread. \nMany people file their teeth as adolescents or young adults. It is\nunknown why. Tattoos and piercings are not allowed, but reports tattoos\non the chest and scarifications of crosses on the arms and shoulders.\nOne consultant says body paint was used in former times during war and\nhongi raids. Men wear their hair short and women long. Most people go\nbareheaded, but cover their heads on formal and religious occasions.\nPeople wear contemporary Indonesian attire. On formal, festive and\nreligious occasions this means a sarong, shirt and black cap (Indonesian\nsongkok) for men, and a sarong, blouse (Indonesian kebaya) and\nheadcloth for women. While some of the older women wear headcloths that\nonly cover the hair, most younger women choose to wear a tight-fitting\nhijab. \nThe main religion in Mas and Antalisa is Islam. While daily prayers\nafter sunset are only attended by a handful of pious men in Mas, the\nmidday Friday prayers are attended by most men and boys. Women are\nhardly seen in the mosque. Most children take lessons in learning to\nread Arabic and recite prayers for several years. Gatherings for\nblessing prayers (Indonesian doa selamat) are very common, and are\nheld for blessing e.g. new boats, children who are about to take an\nexam, people who are about to set off on a long journey, etc. Although\nthere are many wild pigs on Karas, no one eats pork. On Thursdays in the\nlate afternoon, prayers for the dead are recited in several homes, after\nwhich a visit to the graves is paid. \nIslam probably arrived on the island around the time when it fell under\nthe sultanate of Tidore, which existed from 1450 to 1904. J.C. Keyts,\nwho visited the Karas Islands in 1678, describes the inhabitants as\nheathens . In 1872, when J.G. Coorengel visited, the inhabitants of at\nleast Faor are described as Muslims . There might have been an\nin-between stage when only leaders were converted . The oldest people in\nMas confirm that their grandparents were Muslims as well. The Islamic\nreligion, as in many places in Indonesia, is mixed with local customs .\nAn example of this are the small offerings that accompany prayer\nrecital, usually in the form of betel nuts, cigarettes, betel leaves and\nsometimes pastries. \nKalamang people residing on the island have two main sources of income:\nfishing and the production of nutmeg and mace (from Myristica\nargentea). While some people have small businesses selling their fish\nin Fakfak on an irregular basis, most people sell their fish to a\nBalinese trading company that has a storage place for live fish floating\nin the water close to Antalisa or Mas . Species sold are groupers\n(Plectropomus leopardus, areolatus, maculatus and oligacanthus,\nCromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and mixed groupers,\naccording to ) and lobsters (Panulirus versicolor). Different kinds of\ndried trepang (species unknown) are sold in Fakfak. Kalamang people may\nfish anywhere in Karas district waters, although people have their\npreferred spots for finding certain fish. People may set up temporary\ncamps on beaches close to lobster-diving places, to collect lobsters\nover several days before selling. A semi-permanent camp, where people\nmay reside for up to several months, is Timi Nepnep in the southern part\nof Sebakor Bay (on the New Guinea mainland). Outsiders who want to fish\nin Karas waters[^8] must ask permission from one of the village heads. \nNutmeg and mace are planted in family gardens behind the white sand\nbeaches on the big Karas island. These gardens are inherited by the\neldest son, who must divide the land among the siblings, though men\ninherit more than women. One may only harvest one’s own nutmeg. Nutmeg\nand mace are sold to traders in Fakfak, the regency capital. Between\ntheir nutmeg plantations and the white sand beaches, people plant\ncoconut trees. These are mainly harvested for personal use. People also\nuse their land to source firewood and collect wild edible things such as\nTahitian chestnuts (Inocarpus fagifer). Some people have a vegetable\ngarden which may or may not be on the same beach as their nutmeg\nplantation. This is for personal use or to sell produce on a small scale\nto people in the village. The crops planted in gardens are typically\nmaize, tomato, aubergine, beans, root vegetables, several banana species\nand various leafy greens. The gardens are usually kept by couples. \nBesides a health station (Indonesian puskesmas), a community building\nand a mosque, both Mas and Antalisa have a primary school with six\ngrades. In Mas, the head of the school is currently a civil servant\ndeployed from his native Sulawesi. A group of two to four teachers,\nmostly local people, teach in the three classrooms. For junior high,\nchildren move to Malakuli or Fakfak. Although the official statistics\nfor Fakfak regency report a 99% school participation level, I estimate\nthe level to be a little lower, at least in Mas, where several children\nwere out of school during my visits. Those people who complete higher\neducation move to work in the district capital Malakuli, in Fakfak, or\nelsewhere in Indonesia. The only Karas-born person with higher education\nliving in Mas is one of the school teachers. \nChildren’s work consists of small jobs like getting water from the well,\nsweeping the floor and, for girls, washing clothes. Line fishing from\nthe dock is a common activity for both boys and girls, as well as female\nadolescents. Adolescent boys join their fathers fishing and diving.\nWomen may also join their husbands to assist in fishing and diving, and\nmay also be seen fishing from the dock at night, fishing from small\npaddle canoes, or searching for shells at low tide. Night fishing at low\ntide seems to be a men’s activity. Other men’s tasks are constructing\nhouses, repairing machines, maintaining canoes and chopping firewood.\nWomen are responsible for cleaning, cooking, gardening and washing.\nHandicrafts such as weaving baskets and mats are also practised by\nwomen, but many of the women under 40 no longer have these skills, as\ncheap plastic replacements for these items are now available. In the\nnutmeg plantations much of the work is joint, although it is the men who\nclimb the trees to pluck the nutmeg (with the help of a bamboo stick\nwith a barb on it), while the women gather the fruits on the ground and\nsplit them open. \nAlthough some of the rituals described earlier seem to suggest that\nKalamang society has a custom of marrying women and not men from outside\nthe island, both variants of exogamy are currently practised. Kalamang\npeople have intermarried with people from Java, the Moluccas (especially\nGorom), Sulawesi (especially Bugis and Muna) and closer islands such as\nthe Kei islands and the other Karas Islands. This process has been going\non for at least several decades, with one of my oldest consultants\nhaving a Buginese father. The reason many partners come from the same\nareas in Indonesia is that these people may suggest new partners from\ntheir home town for Kalamang people looking for a suitable partner.\nEndogamy is also allowed and, judging from the different terms for\ncross-cousins (korapmur, who can be married), and parallel cousins\n(dudanmur, who count as siblings and cannot be married) this has also\nbeen tradition. Polygamy is permitted but is not currently practised.\nBridewealth must be paid by the groom’s side to the bride’s side. This\nmay range from several million rupiah to several dozen million rupiah,\ndepending on the wealth of the family and status of the people to be\nmarried. A village marriage usually does not involve more than 10\nmillion rupiah (approximately € 600), but the bridewealth for a city\nmarriage between high earners with high-status jobs (such as civil\nservant or business owner) may approach 100 million rupiah\n(approximately € 6000). It is mainly the bride’s family’s responsibility\nto organise and pay for the wedding, but the groom’s family may help\nwith this as well. \nPeople live in large concrete or (increasingly rare) wooden houses with\none or sometimes two nuclear families, often accompanied by\n(grand)parents and sometimes unmarried siblings of the parents. It is\nalso common to live together with an adopted child if one is childless\n(typically the child of a sibling of the caretaker) or if the child is\nan orphan. Nieces and nephews are considered children by their aunts and\nuncles. Aunts and uncles of the same sex as the parent (mother’s sisters\nand father’s brothers) are called ema and esa, respectively, the\nsame word as used for ‘mother’ and ‘father’. The Kalamang kinship system\nis similar to an Iroquois kinship system (see\n§<a href=\"#sec:kinterms\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:kinterms\">[sec:kinterms]</a> for details). Everyone\nhas a surname. There are five surnames considered indigenous in Mas:\nGusek, Yarkuran, Yorkuran, Yorre and Wambur. People feel connected to\npeople with the same surname. Surnames are inherited from the father.\nMore information about kinship terms and terms of address can be found\nin §<a href=\"#sec:nonpronref\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:nonpronref\">[sec:nonpronref]</a>." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "Ideophones", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:idphon\" label=\"sec:idphon\"></span> Ideophones are an “open\nlexical class of marked words that depict sensory imagery” . Several\nwords in the Kalamang lexicon could qualify as such. They stand out\nstructurally by being repetitive and containing several \\[r\\]’s or\nnasals, there is a resemblance between form and meaning, and their\nmeanings are related to sensory imagery. Because it is not clear which\nwords actually belong to this class, it was not introduced as a separate\nword class in Chapter<a href=\"#ch:wc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:wc\">[ch:wc]</a>. Here, I provide suggestions of which\nwords might be analysed as ideophones. \nTwo words discussed as possible manner adverbials in\n§<a href=\"#sec:manner\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:manner\">[sec:manner]</a> could be examples of\nideophones. These are sororo and dumuni. Though translational\nequivalents could not be offered, they seem related to the way certain\nquick movements look. Sororoi is used twice in the corpus, in the same\nstory, to modify the verb bara ‘descend’ in the context of climbing\ndown a tree. The utterance\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sororoii\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sororoii\">[exe:sororoii]</a>) follows an order made\nby a giant for the protagonist of the story to come down. It is unclear\nwhich meaning sororoi adds to the utterance. Dumuni (variant\ndimuni) has eight occurrences in the corpus, and it seems to indicate\na change of direction in movement. This is illustrated by the examples\nin(<a href=\"#exe:dumunall\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dumunall\">[exe:dumunall]</a>).\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:gontumm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gontumm\">[exe:gontumm]</a>), the main verb (‘to use’\nor ‘to eat’) is elided. A third word puru(ru) is also a candidate. In\ncontrast to sororoi and dumuni, puru(ru) is found in different\nsyntactic slots than as a verb modifier. Its three corpus examples are\ngiven in(<a href=\"#exe:pururuu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pururuu\">[exe:pururuu]</a>). Puru(ru) seems to\nexpress an unruly manner of falling or collapsing. What the three words\nhave in common is that they are related to manner of movement. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sororoi bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span>\ndescend\n‘She climbed down.’ <span id=\"exe:sororoii\" label=\"exe:sororoii\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nma tumun opa me se mengga dumuni ra\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> go\n‘That child already escaped? to there.’ <span id=\"exe:dumunii\"\nlabel=\"exe:dumunii\"></span> sabar se dumuni Nyong emun=kongga mengga\nmara\nfront <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> Nyong\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=an.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> move_landwards\n‘The front \\[of the canoe\\] already turned? towards Nyong’s mother on\nthe land-side.’ an toni pasa ... barsi=ten se koyet eh eba koi pi\ndumuni goni-tumun kon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say rice\nclean.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span> then then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">manner</span> sack-small one\n‘I said the clean rice is finished, right, then we turn? to the one\nsmall sack.’ <span id=\"exe:gontumm\" label=\"exe:gontumm\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:dumunall\" label=\"exe:dumunall\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nma se pururu∼pururu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\npururu∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\n‘It is ramshackle.’ <span id=\"exe:pururu\" label=\"exe:pururu\"></span>\nlolok kawat∼kawat pururu=i barat=et\nleaf branch∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl</span>\npururu=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘Leaves and branches fell down.’ <span id=\"exe:kawatka\"\nlabel=\"exe:kawatka\"></span> ma keit osangga puru=ten=kap=te bara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> top\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">up.lat</span>\npururu=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">sim</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ndescend\n‘He fell from that top up there.’ <span id=\"exe:pururen\"\nlabel=\"exe:pururen\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:pururuu\" label=\"exe:pururuu\"></span> \n</div> \nOther words that might classify as ideophones are bameoma, nainain\nand arerara, but have only one occurrence each in the corpus.\nBameoma in(<a href=\"#exe:bameoma\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bameoma\">[exe:bameoma]</a>) seems to express\ngrumbling or mumbling dissatisfied under one’s breath. Nainain\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nainain\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nainain\">[exe:nainain]</a>), used twice by the same\nspeaker in the same text, could express talking or rambling on.\nAlternatively, this is a repeated nain ‘like’, but the fact that this\nspeaker does not repeat nain elsewhere in the recording and says\nnainain twice in relation to speaking suggests that this is an\nideophone. Arerara could be derived from the negative interjection\nade(h), sometimes pronounced are(h), expressing contempt or\ndissatisfaction. In(<a href=\"#exe:yaaulah\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yaaulah\">[exe:yaaulah]</a>), the speaker expresses\ndissatisfaction or annoyance with a naughty child. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nesnem nak-nokidak bameoma\nman just-be_silent bameoma\n‘The man was just silent: “Bameoma.”’ <span id=\"exe:bameoma\"\nlabel=\"exe:bameoma\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan nainain an ewa=et me ka tok∼tok=ta\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> nainain\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nstill∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘I “nainain”, when I speak, you wait.’ an nainain ewa=i koyet=te eba\nka=taet koi ewat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> nainain\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>=again then\nspeak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘After I “nainain” finish speaking then you speak again.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:nainain\" label=\"exe:nainain\"></span> ma toni ya_aula kier\narerara tumun yuwane tamandi=a\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say my_god\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span> arerara child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nhow=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n‘She says: “My god, you two and this child, what should we do about\nyou?”’ <span id=\"exe:yaaulah\" label=\"exe:yaaulah\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 92, "level": "low_resource", "question": "There is firewood up there.", "split": "train" }
Sontom Pakpaka mahara duran parin.	People went to Fakfak to sell durian.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: People went to Fakfak to sell durian.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"People\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Mbaham people\nKalamang translation: Samuret\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"People\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: many hungry people\nKalamang translation: muawesese\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"went\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: twenty\nKalamang translation: purir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"went\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tent\nKalamang translation: garumbang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Fakfak\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Fakfak person\nKalamang translation: Mata\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Fakfak\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Fakfak (town)\nKalamang translation: Pakpak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: to plug\nKalamang translation: narer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"to\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: go to school\nKalamang translation: sekola\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sell\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: cone shell\nKalamang translation: salawei\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"sell\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sell\nKalamang translation: parein\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"durian\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: bastard valerian\nKalamang translation: bunga kupukupu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"durian\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: durian\nKalamang translation: duran\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"People\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: First time they came they didn't know people yet.\nKalamang translation: Giarun mu lukta mu tok sontumat komahal.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"People\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: People say there is white gum at Buru-buru.\nKalamang translation: Sontum taruo toni lerang Buruoa mambon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"went\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tol's mother and family went to the mainland first, we went last.\nKalamang translation: Tol emun mu borani distrika mara eba in epka mara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"went\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bobi went to Fakfak too.\nKalamang translation: Bobinan Pakpaka bot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Fakfak\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: A canoe came from Fakfak with many people.\nKalamang translation: Et kon Pakpaka mahara, sontum imbuang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Fakfak\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Did those people from Fakfak already leave?\nKalamang translation: Pakpaet opa me he bot?\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'm sweeping next to the house.\nKalamang translation: An kewe mulunat kabara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"to\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Jafaris said he wants to rub his shirt. (He wants to wash without using a brush, just by rubbing.)\nKalamang translation: Jafaris me toni ladanun me nakacuk teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sell\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person sells garlic, not onion.\nKalamang translation: Sontum me bawang iriskaptenara parin, bawang kerkap ge.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"sell\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Taros they sell at Fakfak: one heap fifty thousand (rupiah).\nKalamang translation: Manadu mu Pakpao parinda tumpuk konde ripi purap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"durian\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dian's father is balancing the canoe.\nKalamang translation: Dian esun et nauanona reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"durian\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The sun is going down, it's dusk.\nKalamang translation: Yuon darukta go kerkap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe reordering of arguments is used to mark topics and anti-topics.\nTopics can be marked by fronting or by doubling the subject NP, and\nanti-topics are at the right edge of the clause. \nA topic is “an entity that the speaker identifies, about which\ninformation ... is then given” . A topic may be marked by fronting the\ntopicalised constituent. In addition, it may be marked with topic marker\nme (§<a href=\"#sec:discme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discme\">[sec:discme]</a>). If the constituent is a\nsubject, or a recipient in a give-construction, it is repeated in the\nmain clause. This kind of fronting is only found with first-person\npronoun an. A fronted subject is exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:anmean\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anmean\">[exe:anmean]</a>) and a fronted recipient\nin(<a href=\"#exe:leftd2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:leftd2\">[exe:leftd2]</a>). Fronted objects, in\ncontrast, are not repeated in the main clause.\n(<a href=\"#exe:kiunatme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiunatme\">[exe:kiunatme]</a>) has a fronted object\nwith topic marker me,\nand(<a href=\"#exe:leftd3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:leftd3\">[exe:leftd3]</a>) has a fronted object\nwithout topic marker. Topic marker me is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:discme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discme\">[sec:discme]</a>. Focused constituents can\nbe marked with focus marker =a or =ba. The constituents remain in\ntheir usual position in the clause. Focus is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:a\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:a\">[sec:a]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan me an kona watko komana=et kanggir-un=ko to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> think\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\nskewer=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\neye-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span> right\n‘As for me, I think you skewer it here, in the eye, right?’\n<span id=\"exe:anmean\" label=\"exe:anmean\"></span> an me ka an ∅=nin o\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘Me, you didn’t give me.’ <span id=\"exe:leftd2\"\nlabel=\"exe:leftd2\"></span> kiun=at me ma gonggung=te ma kirarun=ko\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ncall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘His wife he calls, she sits beside him.’ <span id=\"exe:kiunatme\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiunatme\"></span> Mujim=at in tok nawanggar\nMujim=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> still wait\n‘For Mujim we’re still waiting.’ <span id=\"exe:leftd3\"\nlabel=\"exe:leftd3\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother way to topicalise a subject is by apposition of a more specific\nNP to a more general NP. This is done by apposing a pronoun and a noun,\nwhere the noun specifies the referent of the pronoun. There is no pause\nbetween the two NPs. (<a href=\"#exe:doubleA\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:doubleA\">[exe:doubleA]</a>) shows the apposition of\nesa main ‘his father’ to the subject ma ‘he’. These constructions\nhave been double-checked with two speakers to confirm that these are\nactual constructions and not repairs. In this example, the subject NPs\nare pronounced under one intonation contour. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:doubleA\" label=\"exe:doubleA\"></span> ma<sub>NP</sub> esa\nmain<sub>NP</sub> afukat-sara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> father\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> avocado-ascend\n‘He, his father climbed the avocado tree.’ \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:doubleft\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:doubleft\">[exe:doubleft]</a>) there are even three\njuxtaposed NPs. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:doubleft\" label=\"exe:doubleft\"></span> ma<sub>NP</sub>\ntatanina opa<sub>NP</sub> ma<sub>NP</sub> buok kuru mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> woman\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbetel_nut bring come\n‘She, that woman, she came and brought betel nut just now.’ \n</div> \nAnti-topics (AT) are constituents at the right edge of the clause, which\nserve to specify or reactivate a topic .\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:rd1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rd1\">[exe:rd1]</a>), the subject of the clause,\ntumun opa me ‘that child’, is specified in the postposed NP. It is\nalso a reactivation of the topic, which had been mentioned a few turns\nearlier. Note that the anti-topic is also marked with anaphoric\ndemonstrative opa and topic marker me.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:rd2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rd2\">[exe:rd2]</a>), the object pesawat nunat\n‘plane sounds’, which was left out in the main clause, is mentioned in\nthe postposed NP. Planes but not their sounds had been mentioned before\nin the narrative, so the specification at the end of the clause serves\nto indicate what people went to listen to. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma minggalot-un=ko tumun opa me<sub>AT</sub>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbedroom-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span> child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘He’s in his bed, that child.’ <span id=\"exe:rd1\"\nlabel=\"exe:rd1\"></span> mu utkon se bo keluan to pesawat\nnun=at<sub>AT</sub>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> some\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go listen right plane\nsound=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n‘Some went to listen, right, to the plane sounds.’ <span id=\"exe:rd2\"\nlabel=\"exe:rd2\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:corpusapp\" label=\"sec:corpusapp\"></span> This section\nprovides an overview of the transcribed recordings and elicited data in\nthe corpus, with their corpus tags, titles, length and number of words. \n<div class=\"longtable\"> \np1cmp7cmEE \n& &mm:ss&words \nstim 1 & Jackal and crow narrated by Binkur mama & 1:15&84\nstim 2 & Jackal and crow narrated by Mohtar pu bapak & 4:35&247\nstim 3 & Jackal and crow retold by Mohtar pu bapak & 2:58&341\nstim4 & Family problems part 1: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n5:41&382\nstim6 & Family problems part 2: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n19:32&788\nstim7 & Family problems part 2: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos &\n10:40&1468\nstim12 & Family problems part 3: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos & 7:29&706\nstim13 & Farm animals: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak & 3:48&283\nstim14 & Farm animals: Binkur pu mama and Mohtar pu bapak & 2:55&113\nstim15 & Discussing fishing gear 1 & 5:45&272\nstim16 & Discussing fishing gear 2 & 6:24&193\nstim20 & Frog, where are you narrated by Mohtar’s father& 6:46&394\nstim21 & Frog, where are you narrated by Om Nos for Yeni & 4:30&502\nstim24 & Japanese mute video narration by Mohtar’s father & 3:37&294\nstim25 & Man and tree picture matching 1& 9:41&293\nstim26 & Man and tree picture matching 2& 9:08&522\nstim27 & Man and tree picture matching 3& 17:28&454\nstim29 & Pear movie narrated by Om Nos and Bilal’s father & 2:30&296\nstim30 & Pear movie narrated by Djusman & 2:25&241\nstim31 & Pear movie narrated by Binkur’s mother & 3:24&338\nstim33 & Pear movie narrated by Mohtar’s father & 2:00&160\nstim34 & Pear movie narrated by Ruslan’s grandmother & 1:24&105\nstim35 & Route description from Arepner to the harbour & 2:25&118\nstim36 & Route description from the school to Arepner & 1:49&106\nstim37 & Route description from Tat to the school & 1:28&108\nstim38 & Space games & 12:22&547\nstim39 & Tinker toy picture matching 1 & 2:05&170\nstim40 & Tinker toy picture matching 2 & 2:55 &84\nstim42 & Village pictures picture matching 2 & 17:15&1248\nstim43 & Village pictures picture matching 3 & 23:32&862\nstim44 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:40&190\nstim45 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:02&89\nsubtotal && 3:22:28&11998 \nnarr1 & Remembering the dead & 8:24&489\nnarr2 & Marriage negotiations & 14:09&1296\nnarr3 & The rituals for putting the roof on a house & 13:55&1338\nnarr4 & A wedding & 8:05&712\nnarr5 & Wedding rituals & 5:04&449\nnarr6 & How to build a bamboo house & 6:38&319\nnarr7 & How to build a house & 14:48&1357\nnarr8 & When me and my husband went fishing & 7:20&600\nnarr9 & Making fried cookies part 1 & 7:01&98\nnarr10 & Making fried cookies part 2 & 5:02&30\nnarr11 & How to weave mats and baskets & 3:20&238\nnarr12 & Nutmegs& 9:20&716\nnarr13 & Offerings in the nutmeg plantations&5:42&541\nnarr14 & How to make a wooden canoe&6:22&725\nnarr16 & Malik’s funny story about cigarettes&5:53&467\nnarr17 & Malik’s funny story about the naked tourist&2:40&273\nnarr18 & Makuteli: birds on a boat&21:04&1180\nnarr19 & Linglong: Monkey and Cuscus sell firewood&16:59&1502\nnarr20 & Cassowary and Dog&4:24&363\nnarr21 & Crab& 5:34&527\nnarr22 & Kuawi&8:53&943\nnarr23 & The woman who turned into a lime&6:53&755\nnarr24 & Kelengkeleng woman&6:23&535\nnarr25 & The money-defecating cow&10:23&1181\nnarr26 & Married to a mermaid& 22:10&1787\nnarr27 & The providing tree&4:38&542\nnarr28 & Suagibaba&13:14&1378\nnarr29 & Finding water at Sui&8:00&820\nnarr30 & The talking coconut&2:08&228\nnarr31 & Traditional medicines that grow on Tat&6:39&505\nnarr32 & When I went to cure someone&2:28&158\nnarr33 & Leaf medicines part 1&6:16&253\nnarr34 & Leaf medicines part 2&5:30&367\nnarr35 & Leaf medicines part 3&6:23&426\nnarr36 & Leaf medicines part 4&2:22&102\nnarr37 & Route description from Mas to Antalisa&5:15&462\nnarr38 & Route description within Mas&2:08&144\nnarr39 & Why the crow is black&4:35&330\nnarr40 & Japanese bombings in WWII&22:45&1529\nnarr41 & What I did yesterday&2:42&230\nnarr42 & The last two canoes Om Nos built&16:00&1704\nnarr43 & When I was young&4:50&288\nnarr44 & Fishing and lobster diving with Keica&28:10&3909\nnarr45 & When Mayor went to Fakfak to get loans&4:37&417\nnarr46 & How to make the frame of a house &5:20&509\nsubtotal && 6:16:02&32422 \nconv1 & Netfishing 1 & 7:30&439\nconv2 & Netfishing 2 & 7:30&346\nconv3 & Netfishing 3 & 7:30&425\nconv4 & Netfishing 4 & 7:30&629\nconv5 & Netfishing 5 & 7:30&477\nconv7 & The Funeral of Tete Loklomin & 15:08&2109\nconv8 & Tenggelele ritual& 5:36&511\nconv9 & Binkur mama and Bakri mama talk current affairs & 32:45&3537\nconv10 & A conversation about fish & 23:02&3345\nconv11 & A conversation about chestnuts&6:41&1074\nconv12 & A kitchen conversation between two grandmothers&22:20&1901\nconv13 & A conversation about rice&13:08&1898\nconv14 & Two grandfathers talk current affairs&9:16&648\nconv15 & A conversation about cooking aubergine and papaya&6:27&588\nconv16 & A conversation about cooking vegetables&15:50&1445\nconv17 & How to weave a wallet part 1&45:00&1014\nconv18 & How to weave a wallet part 2&12:30&69\nconv19 & How to weave a wallet part 3&24:00&292\nconv20 & Mohtar’s father and Lamani’s father discuss root\nmedicines&49:07&4084\nconv21 & Boat trip around Karas Island 1& 07:30&190\nconv22 & Boat trip around Karas Island 10&1:29&41\nconv23 & Boat trip around Karas Island 12&0:39&14\nconv24 & Boat trip around Karas Island 13&0:44&14\nconv25 & Boat trip around Karas Island 14&4:51&47\nconv26 & Boat trip around Karas Island 6&0:41&16\nconv27 & Boat trip around Karas Island 7&7:30 &33\nconv28 & Boat trip around Karas Island 8&7:30&100\nsubtotal && 5:49:14&25286\ntotal && 15:27:44&69706 \n</div> \n<div class=\"tabularx\"> \nllQ\nBinominals & &\n[bin](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C4D-3)\nDemonstratives & &\n[thi](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C52-A)\nIamitives and nondums & &\n[iam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C55-7)\nIdematives & &\n[idem](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNaming & Handschuh p.c. &\n[nam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNegation & Veselinova and Miestamo& [neg,\nneg19](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nRelative clauses & &\n[rel](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nTMA & & [tam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C62-D)\nValency & &\n[val](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C65-5) \nMan and tree & Space games & &\n[stim13](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAC-8),\n[stim14](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAB-6)\n[stim25-27](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim38-40](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim42](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BE7-5) \nFamily problems & &\n[stim4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA8-B),\n[stim6](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA9-9),\n[stim7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAA-C),\n[stim12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BB0-D)\nFocus & via Arthur Holmer &\n[foc](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nFrog story& &\n[stim20](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAF-5),\n[stim21](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B94-F)\nJackal and crow& &\n[stim1-3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nTopological relations & &\n[top](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C63-9) \nCut and break &&\n[cut](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C50-E)\nDitransitives && [notebook 3, page\n345](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B66-5)\nJapanese story& via Arthur Holmer&\n[stim24](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C9C-7)\nMotion verbs & &\n[mot](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C56-3)\nPear movie& &\n[stim29-34](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nPut && [put1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5E-6),\n[put2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5F-7)\nReciprocal constructions &&\n[rec](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C61-7)\nStaged events &&\n[stag](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C64-3) \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: People went to Fakfak to sell durian.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Sontom Pakpaka mahara duran parin.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Sontom Pakpaka mahara duran parin.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "The clause", "Header 2": "Variation in clausal structure", "Header 3": "Reordering arguments", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "The reordering of arguments is used to mark topics and anti-topics.\nTopics can be marked by fronting or by doubling the subject NP, and\nanti-topics are at the right edge of the clause. \nA topic is “an entity that the speaker identifies, about which\ninformation ... is then given” . A topic may be marked by fronting the\ntopicalised constituent. In addition, it may be marked with topic marker\nme (§<a href=\"#sec:discme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discme\">[sec:discme]</a>). If the constituent is a\nsubject, or a recipient in a give-construction, it is repeated in the\nmain clause. This kind of fronting is only found with first-person\npronoun an. A fronted subject is exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:anmean\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anmean\">[exe:anmean]</a>) and a fronted recipient\nin(<a href=\"#exe:leftd2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:leftd2\">[exe:leftd2]</a>). Fronted objects, in\ncontrast, are not repeated in the main clause.\n(<a href=\"#exe:kiunatme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiunatme\">[exe:kiunatme]</a>) has a fronted object\nwith topic marker me,\nand(<a href=\"#exe:leftd3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:leftd3\">[exe:leftd3]</a>) has a fronted object\nwithout topic marker. Topic marker me is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:discme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discme\">[sec:discme]</a>. Focused constituents can\nbe marked with focus marker =a or =ba. The constituents remain in\ntheir usual position in the clause. Focus is described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:a\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:a\">[sec:a]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan me an kona watko komana=et kanggir-un=ko to\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> think\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\nskewer=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\neye-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span> right\n‘As for me, I think you skewer it here, in the eye, right?’\n<span id=\"exe:anmean\" label=\"exe:anmean\"></span> an me ka an ∅=nin o\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘Me, you didn’t give me.’ <span id=\"exe:leftd2\"\nlabel=\"exe:leftd2\"></span> kiun=at me ma gonggung=te ma kirarun=ko\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\ncall=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘His wife he calls, she sits beside him.’ <span id=\"exe:kiunatme\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiunatme\"></span> Mujim=at in tok nawanggar\nMujim=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> still wait\n‘For Mujim we’re still waiting.’ <span id=\"exe:leftd3\"\nlabel=\"exe:leftd3\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother way to topicalise a subject is by apposition of a more specific\nNP to a more general NP. This is done by apposing a pronoun and a noun,\nwhere the noun specifies the referent of the pronoun. There is no pause\nbetween the two NPs. (<a href=\"#exe:doubleA\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:doubleA\">[exe:doubleA]</a>) shows the apposition of\nesa main ‘his father’ to the subject ma ‘he’. These constructions\nhave been double-checked with two speakers to confirm that these are\nactual constructions and not repairs. In this example, the subject NPs\nare pronounced under one intonation contour. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:doubleA\" label=\"exe:doubleA\"></span> ma<sub>NP</sub> esa\nmain<sub>NP</sub> afukat-sara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> father\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> avocado-ascend\n‘He, his father climbed the avocado tree.’ \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:doubleft\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:doubleft\">[exe:doubleft]</a>) there are even three\njuxtaposed NPs. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:doubleft\" label=\"exe:doubleft\"></span> ma<sub>NP</sub>\ntatanina opa<sub>NP</sub> ma<sub>NP</sub> buok kuru mia\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> woman\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbetel_nut bring come\n‘She, that woman, she came and brought betel nut just now.’ \n</div> \nAnti-topics (AT) are constituents at the right edge of the clause, which\nserve to specify or reactivate a topic .\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:rd1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rd1\">[exe:rd1]</a>), the subject of the clause,\ntumun opa me ‘that child’, is specified in the postposed NP. It is\nalso a reactivation of the topic, which had been mentioned a few turns\nearlier. Note that the anti-topic is also marked with anaphoric\ndemonstrative opa and topic marker me.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:rd2\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rd2\">[exe:rd2]</a>), the object pesawat nunat\n‘plane sounds’, which was left out in the main clause, is mentioned in\nthe postposed NP. Planes but not their sounds had been mentioned before\nin the narrative, so the specification at the end of the clause serves\nto indicate what people went to listen to. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma minggalot-un=ko tumun opa me<sub>AT</sub>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nbedroom-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span> child\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘He’s in his bed, that child.’ <span id=\"exe:rd1\"\nlabel=\"exe:rd1\"></span> mu utkon se bo keluan to pesawat\nnun=at<sub>AT</sub>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> some\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> go listen right plane\nsound=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\n‘Some went to listen, right, to the plane sounds.’ <span id=\"exe:rd2\"\nlabel=\"exe:rd2\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Corpus", "Header 2": null, "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:corpusapp\" label=\"sec:corpusapp\"></span> This section\nprovides an overview of the transcribed recordings and elicited data in\nthe corpus, with their corpus tags, titles, length and number of words. \n<div class=\"longtable\"> \np1cmp7cmEE \n& &mm:ss&words \nstim 1 & Jackal and crow narrated by Binkur mama & 1:15&84\nstim 2 & Jackal and crow narrated by Mohtar pu bapak & 4:35&247\nstim 3 & Jackal and crow retold by Mohtar pu bapak & 2:58&341\nstim4 & Family problems part 1: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n5:41&382\nstim6 & Family problems part 2: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n19:32&788\nstim7 & Family problems part 2: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos &\n10:40&1468\nstim12 & Family problems part 3: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos & 7:29&706\nstim13 & Farm animals: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak & 3:48&283\nstim14 & Farm animals: Binkur pu mama and Mohtar pu bapak & 2:55&113\nstim15 & Discussing fishing gear 1 & 5:45&272\nstim16 & Discussing fishing gear 2 & 6:24&193\nstim20 & Frog, where are you narrated by Mohtar’s father& 6:46&394\nstim21 & Frog, where are you narrated by Om Nos for Yeni & 4:30&502\nstim24 & Japanese mute video narration by Mohtar’s father & 3:37&294\nstim25 & Man and tree picture matching 1& 9:41&293\nstim26 & Man and tree picture matching 2& 9:08&522\nstim27 & Man and tree picture matching 3& 17:28&454\nstim29 & Pear movie narrated by Om Nos and Bilal’s father & 2:30&296\nstim30 & Pear movie narrated by Djusman & 2:25&241\nstim31 & Pear movie narrated by Binkur’s mother & 3:24&338\nstim33 & Pear movie narrated by Mohtar’s father & 2:00&160\nstim34 & Pear movie narrated by Ruslan’s grandmother & 1:24&105\nstim35 & Route description from Arepner to the harbour & 2:25&118\nstim36 & Route description from the school to Arepner & 1:49&106\nstim37 & Route description from Tat to the school & 1:28&108\nstim38 & Space games & 12:22&547\nstim39 & Tinker toy picture matching 1 & 2:05&170\nstim40 & Tinker toy picture matching 2 & 2:55 &84\nstim42 & Village pictures picture matching 2 & 17:15&1248\nstim43 & Village pictures picture matching 3 & 23:32&862\nstim44 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:40&190\nstim45 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:02&89\nsubtotal && 3:22:28&11998 \nnarr1 & Remembering the dead & 8:24&489\nnarr2 & Marriage negotiations & 14:09&1296\nnarr3 & The rituals for putting the roof on a house & 13:55&1338\nnarr4 & A wedding & 8:05&712\nnarr5 & Wedding rituals & 5:04&449\nnarr6 & How to build a bamboo house & 6:38&319\nnarr7 & How to build a house & 14:48&1357\nnarr8 & When me and my husband went fishing & 7:20&600\nnarr9 & Making fried cookies part 1 & 7:01&98\nnarr10 & Making fried cookies part 2 & 5:02&30\nnarr11 & How to weave mats and baskets & 3:20&238\nnarr12 & Nutmegs& 9:20&716\nnarr13 & Offerings in the nutmeg plantations&5:42&541\nnarr14 & How to make a wooden canoe&6:22&725\nnarr16 & Malik’s funny story about cigarettes&5:53&467\nnarr17 & Malik’s funny story about the naked tourist&2:40&273\nnarr18 & Makuteli: birds on a boat&21:04&1180\nnarr19 & Linglong: Monkey and Cuscus sell firewood&16:59&1502\nnarr20 & Cassowary and Dog&4:24&363\nnarr21 & Crab& 5:34&527\nnarr22 & Kuawi&8:53&943\nnarr23 & The woman who turned into a lime&6:53&755\nnarr24 & Kelengkeleng woman&6:23&535\nnarr25 & The money-defecating cow&10:23&1181\nnarr26 & Married to a mermaid& 22:10&1787\nnarr27 & The providing tree&4:38&542\nnarr28 & Suagibaba&13:14&1378\nnarr29 & Finding water at Sui&8:00&820\nnarr30 & The talking coconut&2:08&228\nnarr31 & Traditional medicines that grow on Tat&6:39&505\nnarr32 & When I went to cure someone&2:28&158\nnarr33 & Leaf medicines part 1&6:16&253\nnarr34 & Leaf medicines part 2&5:30&367\nnarr35 & Leaf medicines part 3&6:23&426\nnarr36 & Leaf medicines part 4&2:22&102\nnarr37 & Route description from Mas to Antalisa&5:15&462\nnarr38 & Route description within Mas&2:08&144\nnarr39 & Why the crow is black&4:35&330\nnarr40 & Japanese bombings in WWII&22:45&1529\nnarr41 & What I did yesterday&2:42&230\nnarr42 & The last two canoes Om Nos built&16:00&1704\nnarr43 & When I was young&4:50&288\nnarr44 & Fishing and lobster diving with Keica&28:10&3909\nnarr45 & When Mayor went to Fakfak to get loans&4:37&417\nnarr46 & How to make the frame of a house &5:20&509\nsubtotal && 6:16:02&32422 \nconv1 & Netfishing 1 & 7:30&439\nconv2 & Netfishing 2 & 7:30&346\nconv3 & Netfishing 3 & 7:30&425\nconv4 & Netfishing 4 & 7:30&629\nconv5 & Netfishing 5 & 7:30&477\nconv7 & The Funeral of Tete Loklomin & 15:08&2109\nconv8 & Tenggelele ritual& 5:36&511\nconv9 & Binkur mama and Bakri mama talk current affairs & 32:45&3537\nconv10 & A conversation about fish & 23:02&3345\nconv11 & A conversation about chestnuts&6:41&1074\nconv12 & A kitchen conversation between two grandmothers&22:20&1901\nconv13 & A conversation about rice&13:08&1898\nconv14 & Two grandfathers talk current affairs&9:16&648\nconv15 & A conversation about cooking aubergine and papaya&6:27&588\nconv16 & A conversation about cooking vegetables&15:50&1445\nconv17 & How to weave a wallet part 1&45:00&1014\nconv18 & How to weave a wallet part 2&12:30&69\nconv19 & How to weave a wallet part 3&24:00&292\nconv20 & Mohtar’s father and Lamani’s father discuss root\nmedicines&49:07&4084\nconv21 & Boat trip around Karas Island 1& 07:30&190\nconv22 & Boat trip around Karas Island 10&1:29&41\nconv23 & Boat trip around Karas Island 12&0:39&14\nconv24 & Boat trip around Karas Island 13&0:44&14\nconv25 & Boat trip around Karas Island 14&4:51&47\nconv26 & Boat trip around Karas Island 6&0:41&16\nconv27 & Boat trip around Karas Island 7&7:30 &33\nconv28 & Boat trip around Karas Island 8&7:30&100\nsubtotal && 5:49:14&25286\ntotal && 15:27:44&69706 \n</div> \n<div class=\"tabularx\"> \nllQ\nBinominals & &\n[bin](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C4D-3)\nDemonstratives & &\n[thi](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C52-A)\nIamitives and nondums & &\n[iam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C55-7)\nIdematives & &\n[idem](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNaming & Handschuh p.c. &\n[nam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNegation & Veselinova and Miestamo& [neg,\nneg19](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nRelative clauses & &\n[rel](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nTMA & & [tam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C62-D)\nValency & &\n[val](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C65-5) \nMan and tree & Space games & &\n[stim13](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAC-8),\n[stim14](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAB-6)\n[stim25-27](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim38-40](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim42](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BE7-5) \nFamily problems & &\n[stim4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA8-B),\n[stim6](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA9-9),\n[stim7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAA-C),\n[stim12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BB0-D)\nFocus & via Arthur Holmer &\n[foc](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nFrog story& &\n[stim20](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAF-5),\n[stim21](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B94-F)\nJackal and crow& &\n[stim1-3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nTopological relations & &\n[top](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C63-9) \nCut and break &&\n[cut](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C50-E)\nDitransitives && [notebook 3, page\n345](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B66-5)\nJapanese story& via Arthur Holmer&\n[stim24](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C9C-7)\nMotion verbs & &\n[mot](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C56-3)\nPear movie& &\n[stim29-34](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nPut && [put1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5E-6),\n[put2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5F-7)\nReciprocal constructions &&\n[rec](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C61-7)\nStaged events &&\n[stag](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C64-3) \n</div>" } ], "index": 93, "level": "low_resource", "question": "People went to Fakfak to sell durian.", "split": "train" }
Kewe me he rouk.	The house has collapsed.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: The house has collapsed.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: The Netherlands\nKalamang translation: Beladar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"house\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: house post\nKalamang translation: kewe padenun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"house\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: house\nKalamang translation: kewe\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"has\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: handpalm\nKalamang translation: tan laus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"has\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: harlequin shrimp\nKalamang translation: sairarar ladok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"collapsed\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: collect water\nKalamang translation: natada\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"collapsed\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: collar bone\nKalamang translation: aknar kangun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The ananas isn't ripe yet.\nKalamang translation: Kainasu me tok sawaunin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The fish's gall bladder exploded.\nKalamang translation: Sar iemuna kararcie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"house\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many leaves at the side of our house, avocado leaves.\nKalamang translation: Kewe mul inggon me lolok reidak, afokat olun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"house\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He himself tidied his house up there.\nKalamang translation: Marain keweun osane nawanona.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"has\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Malik has an illness in his veins.\nKalamang translation: Malik kaden kiesun ning.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"has\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor has finished eating, he's rinsing his mouth.\nKalamang translation: Mayor muawi koyet, ma kanggursau reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"collapsed\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The rain is falling, I'm collecting water.\nKalamang translation: Kalis barara an per natada.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"collapsed\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Fatima and family go collect firewood.\nKalamang translation: Fatima mu bo kairep teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:discinterj\" label=\"sec:discinterj\"></span> Interjections\nwere introduced in §<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a> (phonology) and\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a> (as a word class). This\nsection aims at illustrating the use of the most frequent and versatile\nones, starting with yor ‘true’ and ge ‘no(t)’. \nYor ‘true’ is used as an affirmative response.[^99] It can stand on\nits own as a response to the other speaker’s statement. See the\nquestion-answer pair in(<a href=\"#exe:qayes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:qayes\">[exe:qayes]</a>). Yor is about four times\nless frequent than ge ‘no’. Another positive interjection is esie\n‘true’. It is very uncommon, with only one example in the corpus. It\nremains unclear how it differs from yor. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n\\[comparing numbers written on the back of pictures\\] \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nputkansuortalinggaruok\nforty-three\n‘Forty-three?’ <span id=\"exe:qyes\" label=\"exe:qyes\"></span> \nyor yor yor\ntrue true true\n‘Correct.’ <span id=\"exe:ayes\" label=\"exe:ayes\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:qayes\" label=\"exe:qayes\"></span> \n</div> \n‘No(t)’ is ge, which can stand on its own as a response or be tagged\nto a clause to elicit a confirming response from the listener. The\nexchange in(<a href=\"#exe:gema\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gema\">[exe:gema]</a>) illustrates both. The tag\nfunction is also treated in\n§<a href=\"#sec:polq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:polq\">[sec:polq]</a>. See also the description of\nnon-verbal negation in §<a href=\"#sec:negnonv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negnonv\">[sec:negnonv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kat gonggung ter-nan ye ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span> call tea-consume or not\n‘Have they called you for drinking tea or not?’ <span id=\"exe:qno\"\nlabel=\"exe:qno\"></span> \nge ma gonggung ba\nno <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> call but\n‘No, she called but...’ <span id=\"exe:ano\" label=\"exe:ano\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:gema\" label=\"exe:gema\"></span> \n</div> \nEmphasising o is the most common interjection. Typically clause-final,\nit emphasises what has been said before. It is typically uttered at a\nlow pitch, and may be lengthened, vaguely reminiscent of the long and\nhigh e used for excessivity in some other eastern Indonesian languages\n. By adding o to the clause\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nino\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nino\">[exe:nino]</a>), the speaker emphasises that\nthe subject did not catch any fish.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:dungo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dungo\">[exe:dungo]</a>), o stresses that it was\nvery early. It is also typically added to reinforce curses\n(§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a>). Clause-initial o is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sor ramiet=nin o\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> fish\npull=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘He didn’t catch any fish.’ <span id=\"exe:nino\" label=\"exe:nino\"></span>\ngo_dung o\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘In the early morning...’ <span id=\"exe:dungo\" label=\"exe:dungo\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vowel e has several uses as an interjection. It is commonly used\nto introduce quotes, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ehila\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehila\">[exe:ehila]</a>) with speech verb toni\n‘say’ and(<a href=\"#exe:ehan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehan\">[exe:ehan]</a>) without speech verb (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:speech\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:speech\">[sec:speech]</a>). Some other less frequent\nuses of e are subsumed under the gloss int.e and include emphasis,\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:eemph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eemph\">[exe:eemph]</a>), or contempt, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eresign\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eresign\">[exe:eresign]</a>). Encouragement was\nexemplified in §(<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMuji esun=a toni eh Ila Pak gosomin\nMuji father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span> Ila Pak disappear\n‘Muji’s father said: “Ila Pak has disappeared.”’ <span id=\"exe:ehila\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehila\"></span> Santi eh an ma ema_caun=bon taruo\nSanti <span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> move_seawards\naunt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> say\n‘Santi said: “I went to tell aunt...”’ <span id=\"exe:ehan\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehan\"></span> nokin-tar e in sikola=teba\nbe_silent-<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nschool=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘Be silent! We’re schooling.’ <span id=\"exe:eemph\"\nlabel=\"exe:eemph\"></span> kon∼kon mindi=ten me e kuar=kin=et eba\nmetko padi-un=at kajiet=et\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\ncook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nrice_hull-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\npick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘\\[If we have\\] one \\[sack of rice\\] at a time like that, who cares, if\nyou’re about to cook then you pick out the rice hulls.’\n<span id=\"exe:eresign\" label=\"exe:eresign\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag eh and the\nencouraging interjection e are exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ansebot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ansebot\">[exe:ansebot]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bote1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bote1\">[exe:bote1]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ansebot\" label=\"exe:ansebot\"></span> \n<span id=\"exe:bote1\" label=\"exe:bote1\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag can express more\ninsecurity than Malay loan to(h) ‘right’ (which can only be used for\nconfirmation-seeking), and leaves room for the addressee to either\nanswer the question or disagree with the statement, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nebasor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nebasor\">[exe:nebasor]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa me neba-sor eh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span>-fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘What kind of fish is this, huh?’ <span id=\"exe:nebasor\"\nlabel=\"exe:nebasor\"></span> \n</div> \nA clause-initial open vowel a \\[a\\]\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>’ is used as indicator of a clause\nthat introduces a new stage in the narrative.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:int\">[exe:int]</a>), I have attempted to show the\nintonation pattern of a clause with ah. There is a rise (and\nlengthening) at the end of the first clause, a pause, and then the start\nof a new clause with low intonation on the interjection and a low\nboundary tone. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nTebonggan koi ecien=i mia kewe=ko, ah ter-na.\nH $\\mid$ L HL\nall again return=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> come\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> tea-consume\n‘Everyone returned to the house, ah, \\[then we\\] drank tea.’\n<span id=\"exe:int\" label=\"exe:int\"></span> \n</div> \nTwo interjections are likely derived from the Malay interjection aduh,\nan interjection of pain or disappointed surprise. These are adi(h)\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span>, an expression of pain or\ndiscomfort, also in use in the local Malay, and (a)dih or (a)deh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>, an interjection of contempt or\ndissatisfaction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adih mang=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span> bitter=too\n‘He said: “Yuck, too bitter!”’ <span id=\"exe:adih\"\nlabel=\"exe:adih\"></span> ma ka=kongga=ta mia reon adeh alangan-rep\nweinun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg=an.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ncome maybe <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> trouble-get too\n‘He came to you maybe, oh god, looking for trouble too.’\n<span id=\"exe:adeh\" label=\"exe:adeh\"></span> \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:adehin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adehin\">[exe:adehin]</a>), the speaker turns adeh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> into a verb while scolding their\nchild for not wanting to eat their food. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adeh eh ka-mun adeh=in na na na na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej=proh</span> consume consume consume\nconsume\n‘She said: “Oh no.” \\[I’m like:\\] “Don’t you “oh no” me, eat, eat, eat,\neat!”’ <span id=\"exe:adehin\" label=\"exe:adehin\"></span> \n</div> \nSome is used for encouragement, often in a slightly annoyed fashion,\nwhen stating or confirming something that should have been obvious to\nthe addressee. It is translated into local Malay as ‘sudah mu’. Two\nexamples are given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nhari_minggu seng-paku some karajang reidak=ten me\nSunday roof-nail <span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> work\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘Of course we nail the roof on Sunday, there’s a lot of work.’\n<span id=\"exe:sengsome\" label=\"exe:sengsome\"></span> tabai met kosom=ta\nnarasaun tamandi pen ye pen some 2014\ntobacco <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\nsmoke=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> taste how good or good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> 2014\n“That tobacco \\[you’re\\] smoking, how does it taste, good, or what?” “Of\ncourse it’s good, it’s from 2014!” <span id=\"exe:kosome\"\nlabel=\"exe:kosome\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother interjection with a similar function to some is mera, which\nis used to downplay the importance of a reply to a question, or to mark\nthat you are stating the obvious. It is also translated into Malay as\n‘sudah mu’. Consider the following examples. The speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) uses mera to indicate\nthat what she says is obvious.\n(<a href=\"#exe:besm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:besm\">[exe:besm]</a>)\nfollows(<a href=\"#exe:adih\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adih\">[exe:adih]</a>) in the narrative, and is used\nto encourage the speaker, downplaying the fact that the food is bitter.\nMera is also used in standard answers to the question ‘what are you\ndoing?’, as discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:inittermconv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inittermconv\">[sec:inittermconv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \no mu=a ruo reon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=foc</span> dig maybe\n‘Oh maybe they dug.’ o ge mera sontum ruot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> person\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Of course not, people didn’t dig.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:meraruo\" label=\"exe:meraruo\"></span> an toni bes mera\nna\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> consume\n‘I said: “It’s fine, eat.”’ <span id=\"exe:besm\" label=\"exe:besm\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vocative or calling sound for human beings is uei\n(§<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a>). I am not sure what the\nappropriate response is, but at least women, when inside the house when\nsomeone outside is calling, may answer with a rising u or hu at a\nhigh pitch. Another observation made in the field which is not recorded\nin the corpus is that repeated dental clicks are made to express\namazement or incredulity (identified as a common trait in mainland and\nparts of insular South East Asia in ).\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nA clitic on the predicate =ten was introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:attr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:attr\">[sec:attr]</a> as an attributive marker, which\nalso functions as a relative clause marker\n(§<a href=\"#sec:relcla\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:relcla\">[sec:relcla]</a>). Besides these occurrences\nof =ten, several dozen examples in the natural spoken corpus cannot be\nanalysed as an attributively used predicate or as a relativiser. With\nthe data currently available I cannot arrive at a unified analysis for\nthem, which is why the clitic remains glossed as\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>. I briefly present some data here. \nThe clitic occurs several times on the manner demonstratives wandi\n‘like this’ and mindi ‘like that’ (the latter is illustrated in\nexample<a href=\"#exe:keweneko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:keweneko\">[exe:keweneko]</a>), following similative\nmarker =kap (example<a href=\"#exe:rombon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rombon\">[exe:rombon]</a>), and on the question word\ntamandi ‘how’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:manditen\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:manditen\">[exe:manditen]</a>). Another example, on\nthe verb pue ‘to hit’, is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:purenme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:purenme\">[exe:purenme]</a>). An analysis that might\nfit for part of the data, represented by these examples, is that of a\nsubordinate clause marker, expressing meanings like ‘since’, ‘as’ or\n‘after’. This potential reading is indicated in brackets in the\ntranslation. If this analysis is correct, the relativiser use of =ten\nis a specific example of this more general use. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan kewe neko=et me mindi=ten me eranun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> house\ninside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> cannot\n‘If I’m in the house (as it is like that) I can’t do it.\n<span id=\"exe:keweneko\" label=\"exe:keweneko\"></span> in opa rombongan\nbaran=ten=kap me tengguen=i koyet in se mengga kubirar=ka bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> group\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten=sim</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ngather=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>\ngraveyard=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go\n‘(When) we, that group, moved down, had all gathered, we went from there\nto the graveyard.’ <span id=\"exe:rombon\" label=\"exe:rombon\"></span>\nsayang tamandi=ten ma wandi pi nak=komahal\nnutmeg how=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> like_this\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> just=not_know\n‘Why (how come) is the nutmeg like this? We just don’t know.’\n<span id=\"exe:manditen\" label=\"exe:manditen\"></span> kaden-un metko\npue=ten me supaya tu=te di=metko=et bisa balama=te mindi naladur=et\nbisa\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nhit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> so_that\nhit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\ncan heat_in_fire=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> like_that\nmassage=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> can\n‘(When?) \\[you\\] hit the body there, so that hitting and putting it\nthere is possible, and heating in the fire and massaging is possible.’\n<span id=\"exe:purenme\" label=\"exe:purenme\"></span> \n</div> \nNot all examples can get a subordinate clause reading, however. The\nfollowing example shows =ten at the end of an utterance. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka nan=et me mesang=ten=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ndregs=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten=sim</span>\n‘If you eat, \\[it tastes\\] like dregs.’ nain plastik mindi\nlike plastic like_that\n‘Like plastic.’ ema\nmother\n‘Mother!’ \n</div> \n</div> \nA combination of =ten and =saet ‘all; only; exclusively’ is found in\nindefinite pronoun constructions. Both emphatic clitics, like ‘only’ and\nconstructions similar to non-specific free relative clauses, are\ncross-linguistically common in the expression of concessive conditionals\n, so it is possible that this is a use of the relative clitic =ten. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npi don kon se jien=ten=saet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> thing one\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>=only\n‘Whatever thing we obtain...’ set me memang tebonggan bes=ten=saet\nbait <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> true all\ngood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>=only\n‘The bait, to be honest, they are all good.’ \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: The house has collapsed.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Kewe me he rouk.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Kewe me he rouk.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Other topics", "Header 2": "Interjections", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:discinterj\" label=\"sec:discinterj\"></span> Interjections\nwere introduced in §<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a> (phonology) and\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a> (as a word class). This\nsection aims at illustrating the use of the most frequent and versatile\nones, starting with yor ‘true’ and ge ‘no(t)’. \nYor ‘true’ is used as an affirmative response.[^99] It can stand on\nits own as a response to the other speaker’s statement. See the\nquestion-answer pair in(<a href=\"#exe:qayes\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:qayes\">[exe:qayes]</a>). Yor is about four times\nless frequent than ge ‘no’. Another positive interjection is esie\n‘true’. It is very uncommon, with only one example in the corpus. It\nremains unclear how it differs from yor. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n\\[comparing numbers written on the back of pictures\\] \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nputkansuortalinggaruok\nforty-three\n‘Forty-three?’ <span id=\"exe:qyes\" label=\"exe:qyes\"></span> \nyor yor yor\ntrue true true\n‘Correct.’ <span id=\"exe:ayes\" label=\"exe:ayes\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:qayes\" label=\"exe:qayes\"></span> \n</div> \n‘No(t)’ is ge, which can stand on its own as a response or be tagged\nto a clause to elicit a confirming response from the listener. The\nexchange in(<a href=\"#exe:gema\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gema\">[exe:gema]</a>) illustrates both. The tag\nfunction is also treated in\n§<a href=\"#sec:polq\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:polq\">[sec:polq]</a>. See also the description of\nnon-verbal negation in §<a href=\"#sec:negnonv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:negnonv\">[sec:negnonv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kat gonggung ter-nan ye ge\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span> call tea-consume or not\n‘Have they called you for drinking tea or not?’ <span id=\"exe:qno\"\nlabel=\"exe:qno\"></span> \nge ma gonggung ba\nno <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> call but\n‘No, she called but...’ <span id=\"exe:ano\" label=\"exe:ano\"></span> \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:gema\" label=\"exe:gema\"></span> \n</div> \nEmphasising o is the most common interjection. Typically clause-final,\nit emphasises what has been said before. It is typically uttered at a\nlow pitch, and may be lengthened, vaguely reminiscent of the long and\nhigh e used for excessivity in some other eastern Indonesian languages\n. By adding o to the clause\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nino\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nino\">[exe:nino]</a>), the speaker emphasises that\nthe subject did not catch any fish.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:dungo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:dungo\">[exe:dungo]</a>), o stresses that it was\nvery early. It is also typically added to reinforce curses\n(§<a href=\"#sec:curse\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:curse\">[sec:curse]</a>). Clause-initial o is\nillustrated in(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma sor ramiet=nin o\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> fish\npull=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘He didn’t catch any fish.’ <span id=\"exe:nino\" label=\"exe:nino\"></span>\ngo_dung o\nmorning <span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n‘In the early morning...’ <span id=\"exe:dungo\" label=\"exe:dungo\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vowel e has several uses as an interjection. It is commonly used\nto introduce quotes, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ehila\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehila\">[exe:ehila]</a>) with speech verb toni\n‘say’ and(<a href=\"#exe:ehan\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ehan\">[exe:ehan]</a>) without speech verb (see also\n§<a href=\"#sec:speech\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:speech\">[sec:speech]</a>). Some other less frequent\nuses of e are subsumed under the gloss int.e and include emphasis,\nas in(<a href=\"#exe:eemph\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eemph\">[exe:eemph]</a>), or contempt, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eresign\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eresign\">[exe:eresign]</a>). Encouragement was\nexemplified in §(<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMuji esun=a toni eh Ila Pak gosomin\nMuji father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=foc</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span> Ila Pak disappear\n‘Muji’s father said: “Ila Pak has disappeared.”’ <span id=\"exe:ehila\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehila\"></span> Santi eh an ma ema_caun=bon taruo\nSanti <span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> move_seawards\naunt=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> say\n‘Santi said: “I went to tell aunt...”’ <span id=\"exe:ehan\"\nlabel=\"exe:ehan\"></span> nokin-tar e in sikola=teba\nbe_silent-<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\nschool=<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘Be silent! We’re schooling.’ <span id=\"exe:eemph\"\nlabel=\"exe:eemph\"></span> kon∼kon mindi=ten me e kuar=kin=et eba\nmetko padi-un=at kajiet=et\none∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">red</span>\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.e</span>\ncook=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nthen <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nrice_hull-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=obj</span>\npick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘\\[If we have\\] one \\[sack of rice\\] at a time like that, who cares, if\nyou’re about to cook then you pick out the rice hulls.’\n<span id=\"exe:eresign\" label=\"exe:eresign\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag eh and the\nencouraging interjection e are exemplified\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ansebot\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ansebot\">[exe:ansebot]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bote1\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bote1\">[exe:bote1]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ansebot\" label=\"exe:ansebot\"></span> \n<span id=\"exe:bote1\" label=\"exe:bote1\"></span> \n</div> \nThe confirmation-seeking or response-seeking tag can express more\ninsecurity than Malay loan to(h) ‘right’ (which can only be used for\nconfirmation-seeking), and leaves room for the addressee to either\nanswer the question or disagree with the statement, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nebasor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nebasor\">[exe:nebasor]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwa me neba-sor eh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph</span>-fish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘What kind of fish is this, huh?’ <span id=\"exe:nebasor\"\nlabel=\"exe:nebasor\"></span> \n</div> \nA clause-initial open vowel a \\[a\\]\n‘<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>’ is used as indicator of a clause\nthat introduces a new stage in the narrative.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:int\">[exe:int]</a>), I have attempted to show the\nintonation pattern of a clause with ah. There is a rise (and\nlengthening) at the end of the first clause, a pause, and then the start\nof a new clause with low intonation on the interjection and a low\nboundary tone. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nTebonggan koi ecien=i mia kewe=ko, ah ter-na.\nH $\\mid$ L HL\nall again return=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> come\nhouse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> tea-consume\n‘Everyone returned to the house, ah, \\[then we\\] drank tea.’\n<span id=\"exe:int\" label=\"exe:int\"></span> \n</div> \nTwo interjections are likely derived from the Malay interjection aduh,\nan interjection of pain or disappointed surprise. These are adi(h)\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span>, an expression of pain or\ndiscomfort, also in use in the local Malay, and (a)dih or (a)deh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>, an interjection of contempt or\ndissatisfaction. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adih mang=sawe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pain</span> bitter=too\n‘He said: “Yuck, too bitter!”’ <span id=\"exe:adih\"\nlabel=\"exe:adih\"></span> ma ka=kongga=ta mia reon adeh alangan-rep\nweinun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg=an.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ncome maybe <span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> trouble-get too\n‘He came to you maybe, oh god, looking for trouble too.’\n<span id=\"exe:adeh\" label=\"exe:adeh\"></span> \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:adehin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adehin\">[exe:adehin]</a>), the speaker turns adeh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span> into a verb while scolding their\nchild for not wanting to eat their food. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma toni adeh eh ka-mun adeh=in na na na na\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">quot</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.pej=proh</span> consume consume consume\nconsume\n‘She said: “Oh no.” \\[I’m like:\\] “Don’t you “oh no” me, eat, eat, eat,\neat!”’ <span id=\"exe:adehin\" label=\"exe:adehin\"></span> \n</div> \nSome is used for encouragement, often in a slightly annoyed fashion,\nwhen stating or confirming something that should have been obvious to\nthe addressee. It is translated into local Malay as ‘sudah mu’. Two\nexamples are given below. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nhari_minggu seng-paku some karajang reidak=ten me\nSunday roof-nail <span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> work\nmuch-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘Of course we nail the roof on Sunday, there’s a lot of work.’\n<span id=\"exe:sengsome\" label=\"exe:sengsome\"></span> tabai met kosom=ta\nnarasaun tamandi pen ye pen some 2014\ntobacco <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\nsmoke=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> taste how good or good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">enc</span> 2014\n“That tobacco \\[you’re\\] smoking, how does it taste, good, or what?” “Of\ncourse it’s good, it’s from 2014!” <span id=\"exe:kosome\"\nlabel=\"exe:kosome\"></span> \n</div> \nAnother interjection with a similar function to some is mera, which\nis used to downplay the importance of a reply to a question, or to mark\nthat you are stating the obvious. It is also translated into Malay as\n‘sudah mu’. Consider the following examples. The speaker\nin(<a href=\"#exe:meraruo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meraruo\">[exe:meraruo]</a>) uses mera to indicate\nthat what she says is obvious.\n(<a href=\"#exe:besm\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:besm\">[exe:besm]</a>)\nfollows(<a href=\"#exe:adih\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:adih\">[exe:adih]</a>) in the narrative, and is used\nto encourage the speaker, downplaying the fact that the food is bitter.\nMera is also used in standard answers to the question ‘what are you\ndoing?’, as discussed in\n§<a href=\"#sec:inittermconv\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:inittermconv\">[sec:inittermconv]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \no mu=a ruo reon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=foc</span> dig maybe\n‘Oh maybe they dug.’ o ge mera sontum ruot=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> person\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Of course not, people didn’t dig.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:meraruo\" label=\"exe:meraruo\"></span> an toni bes mera\nna\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> consume\n‘I said: “It’s fine, eat.”’ <span id=\"exe:besm\" label=\"exe:besm\"></span> \n</div> \nThe vocative or calling sound for human beings is uei\n(§<a href=\"#sec:int\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:int\">[sec:int]</a>). I am not sure what the\nappropriate response is, but at least women, when inside the house when\nsomeone outside is calling, may answer with a rising u or hu at a\nhigh pitch. Another observation made in the field which is not recorded\nin the corpus is that repeated dental clicks are made to express\namazement or incredulity (identified as a common trait in mainland and\nparts of insular South East Asia in )." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Clausal modification", "Header 2": "Unresolved uses of =ten", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "A clitic on the predicate =ten was introduced in\n§<a href=\"#sec:attr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:attr\">[sec:attr]</a> as an attributive marker, which\nalso functions as a relative clause marker\n(§<a href=\"#sec:relcla\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:relcla\">[sec:relcla]</a>). Besides these occurrences\nof =ten, several dozen examples in the natural spoken corpus cannot be\nanalysed as an attributively used predicate or as a relativiser. With\nthe data currently available I cannot arrive at a unified analysis for\nthem, which is why the clitic remains glossed as\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>. I briefly present some data here. \nThe clitic occurs several times on the manner demonstratives wandi\n‘like this’ and mindi ‘like that’ (the latter is illustrated in\nexample<a href=\"#exe:keweneko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:keweneko\">[exe:keweneko]</a>), following similative\nmarker =kap (example<a href=\"#exe:rombon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:rombon\">[exe:rombon]</a>), and on the question word\ntamandi ‘how’\n(example<a href=\"#exe:manditen\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:manditen\">[exe:manditen]</a>). Another example, on\nthe verb pue ‘to hit’, is given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:purenme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:purenme\">[exe:purenme]</a>). An analysis that might\nfit for part of the data, represented by these examples, is that of a\nsubordinate clause marker, expressing meanings like ‘since’, ‘as’ or\n‘after’. This potential reading is indicated in brackets in the\ntranslation. If this analysis is correct, the relativiser use of =ten\nis a specific example of this more general use. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan kewe neko=et me mindi=ten me eranun\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> house\ninside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> cannot\n‘If I’m in the house (as it is like that) I can’t do it.\n<span id=\"exe:keweneko\" label=\"exe:keweneko\"></span> in opa rombongan\nbaran=ten=kap me tengguen=i koyet in se mengga kubirar=ka bot\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> group\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten=sim</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ngather=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>\ngraveyard=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span> go\n‘(When) we, that group, moved down, had all gathered, we went from there\nto the graveyard.’ <span id=\"exe:rombon\" label=\"exe:rombon\"></span>\nsayang tamandi=ten ma wandi pi nak=komahal\nnutmeg how=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> like_this\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span> just=not_know\n‘Why (how come) is the nutmeg like this? We just don’t know.’\n<span id=\"exe:manditen\" label=\"exe:manditen\"></span> kaden-un metko\npue=ten me supaya tu=te di=metko=et bisa balama=te mindi naladur=et\nbisa\nbody-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\nhit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> so_that\nhit=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\ncan heat_in_fire=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> like_that\nmassage=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span> can\n‘(When?) \\[you\\] hit the body there, so that hitting and putting it\nthere is possible, and heating in the fire and massaging is possible.’\n<span id=\"exe:purenme\" label=\"exe:purenme\"></span> \n</div> \nNot all examples can get a subordinate clause reading, however. The\nfollowing example shows =ten at the end of an utterance. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nka nan=et me mesang=ten=kap\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\nconsume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ndregs=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten=sim</span>\n‘If you eat, \\[it tastes\\] like dregs.’ nain plastik mindi\nlike plastic like_that\n‘Like plastic.’ ema\nmother\n‘Mother!’ \n</div> \n</div> \nA combination of =ten and =saet ‘all; only; exclusively’ is found in\nindefinite pronoun constructions. Both emphatic clitics, like ‘only’ and\nconstructions similar to non-specific free relative clauses, are\ncross-linguistically common in the expression of concessive conditionals\n, so it is possible that this is a use of the relative clitic =ten. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npi don kon se jien=ten=saet\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> thing one\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nget=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>=only\n‘Whatever thing we obtain...’ set me memang tebonggan bes=ten=saet\nbait <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> true all\ngood=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ten</span>=only\n‘The bait, to be honest, they are all good.’ \n</div>" } ], "index": 94, "level": "low_resource", "question": "The house has collapsed.", "split": "train" }
Rustam taraun merar kon kanggir pulunggo.	Rustam's grandmother has a mole on her eyelid.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Rustam's grandmother has a mole on her eyelid.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Rustam\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: stab\nKalamang translation: komain; konamin\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Rustam\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: ark clam\nKalamang translation: wasorak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"grandmother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: greatgrandmother\nKalamang translation: ninanus; tataninanus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"grandmother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: grandmother\nKalamang translation: nina; tara emnem; tatanina\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"has\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: handpalm\nKalamang translation: tan laus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"has\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: harlequin shrimp\nKalamang translation: sairarar ladok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mole\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: hole\nKalamang translation: lolouk; pos; suarkang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mole\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mole\nKalamang translation: merar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"on\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pass on\nKalamang translation: sarakan\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"on\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: on coral\nKalamang translation: terarkeit\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"her\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weight watcher\nKalamang translation: kibibal\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"her\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: higher\nKalamang translation: lebe\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"eyelid\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: eyelashes\nKalamang translation: kanggir nenen\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"eyelid\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: eyelid\nKalamang translation: kanggir pulun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Rustam\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rustam's grandmother spit on me by accident.\nKalamang translation: Rustam taraun anat salai koalom.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Rustam\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rustam's chicken is dead.\nKalamang translation: Rustam kokoun nalat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"grandmother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Rustam's grandmother spit on me by accident.\nKalamang translation: Rustam taraun anat salai koalom.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"grandmother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Granny Ruslan's grandmother and family planted maize in their garden.\nKalamang translation: Nina Ruslan taraun mu keteles kowaya amdirunggo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"has\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Malik has an illness in his veins.\nKalamang translation: Malik kaden kiesun ning.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"has\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor has finished eating, he's rinsing his mouth.\nKalamang translation: Mayor muawi koyet, ma kanggursau reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I saw Hidayat's father and family skin a deer.\nKalamang translation: An kona Hidayat esun mu rusat kawaruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That crow is making a nest in the coconut.\nKalamang translation: Goras yume eunara wat kerunggo paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mole\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sakina's mother can steer a motor boat.\nKalamang translation: Sakina emun jongsongat bisa kinkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mole\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomi's mother was throwing fishing line and caught a shark.\nKalamang translation: Tomi emun wienmukta loptengat ramie reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"on\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dian's mother went to pour water on Binkur's father.\nKalamang translation: Dian emun Binkur esunat pergi konggareor.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"on\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Abas's mother's family are making a garden on the cape with grass.\nKalamang translation: Abas emun mu kaman karimunggoa amdirat paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"her\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother was drying her sarong and it flew off.\nKalamang translation: Salima emun kadounat masara ma lele.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"her\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sara is affected by kaman-disease, her lips are sore.\nKalamang translation: Sara kaman mat paruo bolun patiwatin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"eyelid\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That kid is happy to study at home.\nKalamang translation: Tum me senang ma kewo belajar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"eyelid\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: We sat chatting, Bobi's mother said something wrong, we laughed at her.\nKalamang translation: In melalu garungda, Bobi emun salai garungda, in mat komayeki.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:a\" label=\"sec:a\"></span> Focused constituents are those\nwhich the speaker tries to introduce into the discourse , or “essential\npiece\\[s\\] of new information” . Kalamang has two focus markers: the\nenclitics =a and =ba. \nThe enclitic =a is a focus marker that typically attaches to the NP or\nPP. Question words often carry this enclitic and are naturally focused.\nSee(<a href=\"#exe:namana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namana\">[exe:namana]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tamatkoa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamatkoa\">[exe:tamatkoa]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnaman=a kiem-an yuwa=at kuet\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nbasket-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span> bring\n‘Who took my basket?’ <span id=\"exe:namana\" label=\"exe:namana\"></span>\nmu tamatko=a kajie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> pick\n‘Where did they pick \\[chestnuts\\]?’ <span id=\"exe:tamatkoa\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamatkoa\"></span> \n</div> \nIt is also common for =a to occur on the object in a question-answer\npair like(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>), where obviously the\npiece of new information is that which the interlocutor is asking about,\nkapurui, the name of a dish. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Ki nebara paruotkin?” Mu he toni mu kapurui mera paruotkin.\nki neba=at=a paruot=kin mu se toni mu kapurui met=a paruot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> kapurui\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘“What do you want to make?’’ They said they wanted to make that\nkapurui.’ <span id=\"exe:terques\" label=\"exe:terques\"></span> \n</div> \nWe also encounter =a on manner adverbial demonstratives\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), where there is a natural focus\non the part translating as ‘like this’.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:wandia\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wandia\">[exe:wandia]</a>), where the demonstrative\nis also an answer to a question. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:wandia\" label=\"exe:wandia\"></span> “Tamandi nina?” “Wandi,\nwandia paru!”\ntamandi nina wandi wandi=a paru\nhow grandmother like_this like_this=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘“How, grandmother?’’ “Like this, do like this.”’ \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:kiafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiafoc\">[exe:kiafoc]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bonafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bonafoc\">[exe:bonafoc]</a>), together\nwith(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>) above, show that focus\nmarker =a comes after postpositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nemun se sap=ki=a mara∼mara\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nstick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins=foc</span>\nmove_landwards∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘His mother came walking with a stick.’ <span id=\"exe:kiafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiafoc\"></span> mier pas kahen kon=bon=a min\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> woman tall\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com=foc</span> sleep\n‘She and a tall woman are sleeping.’ <span id=\"exe:bonafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:bonafoc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe clitic =ba is a secondary focus marker found only on\ndemonstratives (example<a href=\"#exe:yuwaba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yuwaba\">[exe:yuwaba]</a>), proper names\n(example<a href=\"#exe:tomib\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tomib\">[exe:tomib]</a>), question word naman ‘who’\nand question word root tama\n(example<a href=\"#exe:puloro\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:puloro\">[exe:puloro]</a>). It is much rarer than\n=a. =ba is often, but not exclusively, used with questions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmungkin dodon-un yuwa=ba neba=ko pue to semen=ko\nmaybe clothes-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph=loc</span> hit right\nconcrete=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘Maybe these clothes of his hit the whatsit, right, the concrete.’\n<span id=\"exe:yuwaba\" label=\"exe:yuwaba\"></span> wat na=ten yuwa naman=a\nyuwa ... Tomi=ba ye\ncoconut consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nTomi=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> or\n‘\\[Someone\\] who is drinking coconut here, who is this, Tomi?’\n<span id=\"exe:tomib\" label=\"exe:tomib\"></span> pulor opa ka tu=ta me\ntama=ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ta</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf that you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:puloro\" label=\"exe:puloro\"></span> \n</div> \nThe meaning of =ba as opposed to =a remains unclear. One also finds\nmixing of the two focus markers, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mantanba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mantanba\">[exe:mantanba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Namana somin?” “Ge o, Tete Mantanba, Tete Loklomin.”\nnaman=a somin ge o tete Mantan=ba tete Loklomin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> die no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> grandfather\nMantan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> grandfather Loklomin\n‘“Who died?’’ “Oh, grandfather Mantan, grandfather Loklomin.”’\n<span id=\"exe:mantanba\" label=\"exe:mantanba\"></span> \n</div> \n=ba is also used in a filler construction consisting of proximal\ndemonstrative wa, =ba and progressive =teba. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok wa=ba=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘He still, eh...’ neba kaman-un, kaman wa=ba=teba\nwhat grass-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> grass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘What kind of grass, grass eh...’ \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:corpusapp\" label=\"sec:corpusapp\"></span> This section\nprovides an overview of the transcribed recordings and elicited data in\nthe corpus, with their corpus tags, titles, length and number of words. \n<div class=\"longtable\"> \np1cmp7cmEE \n& &mm:ss&words \nstim 1 & Jackal and crow narrated by Binkur mama & 1:15&84\nstim 2 & Jackal and crow narrated by Mohtar pu bapak & 4:35&247\nstim 3 & Jackal and crow retold by Mohtar pu bapak & 2:58&341\nstim4 & Family problems part 1: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n5:41&382\nstim6 & Family problems part 2: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n19:32&788\nstim7 & Family problems part 2: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos &\n10:40&1468\nstim12 & Family problems part 3: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos & 7:29&706\nstim13 & Farm animals: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak & 3:48&283\nstim14 & Farm animals: Binkur pu mama and Mohtar pu bapak & 2:55&113\nstim15 & Discussing fishing gear 1 & 5:45&272\nstim16 & Discussing fishing gear 2 & 6:24&193\nstim20 & Frog, where are you narrated by Mohtar’s father& 6:46&394\nstim21 & Frog, where are you narrated by Om Nos for Yeni & 4:30&502\nstim24 & Japanese mute video narration by Mohtar’s father & 3:37&294\nstim25 & Man and tree picture matching 1& 9:41&293\nstim26 & Man and tree picture matching 2& 9:08&522\nstim27 & Man and tree picture matching 3& 17:28&454\nstim29 & Pear movie narrated by Om Nos and Bilal’s father & 2:30&296\nstim30 & Pear movie narrated by Djusman & 2:25&241\nstim31 & Pear movie narrated by Binkur’s mother & 3:24&338\nstim33 & Pear movie narrated by Mohtar’s father & 2:00&160\nstim34 & Pear movie narrated by Ruslan’s grandmother & 1:24&105\nstim35 & Route description from Arepner to the harbour & 2:25&118\nstim36 & Route description from the school to Arepner & 1:49&106\nstim37 & Route description from Tat to the school & 1:28&108\nstim38 & Space games & 12:22&547\nstim39 & Tinker toy picture matching 1 & 2:05&170\nstim40 & Tinker toy picture matching 2 & 2:55 &84\nstim42 & Village pictures picture matching 2 & 17:15&1248\nstim43 & Village pictures picture matching 3 & 23:32&862\nstim44 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:40&190\nstim45 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:02&89\nsubtotal && 3:22:28&11998 \nnarr1 & Remembering the dead & 8:24&489\nnarr2 & Marriage negotiations & 14:09&1296\nnarr3 & The rituals for putting the roof on a house & 13:55&1338\nnarr4 & A wedding & 8:05&712\nnarr5 & Wedding rituals & 5:04&449\nnarr6 & How to build a bamboo house & 6:38&319\nnarr7 & How to build a house & 14:48&1357\nnarr8 & When me and my husband went fishing & 7:20&600\nnarr9 & Making fried cookies part 1 & 7:01&98\nnarr10 & Making fried cookies part 2 & 5:02&30\nnarr11 & How to weave mats and baskets & 3:20&238\nnarr12 & Nutmegs& 9:20&716\nnarr13 & Offerings in the nutmeg plantations&5:42&541\nnarr14 & How to make a wooden canoe&6:22&725\nnarr16 & Malik’s funny story about cigarettes&5:53&467\nnarr17 & Malik’s funny story about the naked tourist&2:40&273\nnarr18 & Makuteli: birds on a boat&21:04&1180\nnarr19 & Linglong: Monkey and Cuscus sell firewood&16:59&1502\nnarr20 & Cassowary and Dog&4:24&363\nnarr21 & Crab& 5:34&527\nnarr22 & Kuawi&8:53&943\nnarr23 & The woman who turned into a lime&6:53&755\nnarr24 & Kelengkeleng woman&6:23&535\nnarr25 & The money-defecating cow&10:23&1181\nnarr26 & Married to a mermaid& 22:10&1787\nnarr27 & The providing tree&4:38&542\nnarr28 & Suagibaba&13:14&1378\nnarr29 & Finding water at Sui&8:00&820\nnarr30 & The talking coconut&2:08&228\nnarr31 & Traditional medicines that grow on Tat&6:39&505\nnarr32 & When I went to cure someone&2:28&158\nnarr33 & Leaf medicines part 1&6:16&253\nnarr34 & Leaf medicines part 2&5:30&367\nnarr35 & Leaf medicines part 3&6:23&426\nnarr36 & Leaf medicines part 4&2:22&102\nnarr37 & Route description from Mas to Antalisa&5:15&462\nnarr38 & Route description within Mas&2:08&144\nnarr39 & Why the crow is black&4:35&330\nnarr40 & Japanese bombings in WWII&22:45&1529\nnarr41 & What I did yesterday&2:42&230\nnarr42 & The last two canoes Om Nos built&16:00&1704\nnarr43 & When I was young&4:50&288\nnarr44 & Fishing and lobster diving with Keica&28:10&3909\nnarr45 & When Mayor went to Fakfak to get loans&4:37&417\nnarr46 & How to make the frame of a house &5:20&509\nsubtotal && 6:16:02&32422 \nconv1 & Netfishing 1 & 7:30&439\nconv2 & Netfishing 2 & 7:30&346\nconv3 & Netfishing 3 & 7:30&425\nconv4 & Netfishing 4 & 7:30&629\nconv5 & Netfishing 5 & 7:30&477\nconv7 & The Funeral of Tete Loklomin & 15:08&2109\nconv8 & Tenggelele ritual& 5:36&511\nconv9 & Binkur mama and Bakri mama talk current affairs & 32:45&3537\nconv10 & A conversation about fish & 23:02&3345\nconv11 & A conversation about chestnuts&6:41&1074\nconv12 & A kitchen conversation between two grandmothers&22:20&1901\nconv13 & A conversation about rice&13:08&1898\nconv14 & Two grandfathers talk current affairs&9:16&648\nconv15 & A conversation about cooking aubergine and papaya&6:27&588\nconv16 & A conversation about cooking vegetables&15:50&1445\nconv17 & How to weave a wallet part 1&45:00&1014\nconv18 & How to weave a wallet part 2&12:30&69\nconv19 & How to weave a wallet part 3&24:00&292\nconv20 & Mohtar’s father and Lamani’s father discuss root\nmedicines&49:07&4084\nconv21 & Boat trip around Karas Island 1& 07:30&190\nconv22 & Boat trip around Karas Island 10&1:29&41\nconv23 & Boat trip around Karas Island 12&0:39&14\nconv24 & Boat trip around Karas Island 13&0:44&14\nconv25 & Boat trip around Karas Island 14&4:51&47\nconv26 & Boat trip around Karas Island 6&0:41&16\nconv27 & Boat trip around Karas Island 7&7:30 &33\nconv28 & Boat trip around Karas Island 8&7:30&100\nsubtotal && 5:49:14&25286\ntotal && 15:27:44&69706 \n</div> \n<div class=\"tabularx\"> \nllQ\nBinominals & &\n[bin](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C4D-3)\nDemonstratives & &\n[thi](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C52-A)\nIamitives and nondums & &\n[iam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C55-7)\nIdematives & &\n[idem](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNaming & Handschuh p.c. &\n[nam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNegation & Veselinova and Miestamo& [neg,\nneg19](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nRelative clauses & &\n[rel](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nTMA & & [tam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C62-D)\nValency & &\n[val](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C65-5) \nMan and tree & Space games & &\n[stim13](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAC-8),\n[stim14](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAB-6)\n[stim25-27](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim38-40](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim42](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BE7-5) \nFamily problems & &\n[stim4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA8-B),\n[stim6](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA9-9),\n[stim7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAA-C),\n[stim12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BB0-D)\nFocus & via Arthur Holmer &\n[foc](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nFrog story& &\n[stim20](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAF-5),\n[stim21](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B94-F)\nJackal and crow& &\n[stim1-3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nTopological relations & &\n[top](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C63-9) \nCut and break &&\n[cut](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C50-E)\nDitransitives && [notebook 3, page\n345](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B66-5)\nJapanese story& via Arthur Holmer&\n[stim24](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C9C-7)\nMotion verbs & &\n[mot](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C56-3)\nPear movie& &\n[stim29-34](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nPut && [put1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5E-6),\n[put2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5F-7)\nReciprocal constructions &&\n[rec](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C61-7)\nStaged events &&\n[stag](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C64-3) \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Rustam's grandmother has a mole on her eyelid.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Rustam taraun merar kon kanggir pulunggo.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Rustam taraun merar kon kanggir pulunggo.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Information structure", "Header 2": "Focus", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:a\" label=\"sec:a\"></span> Focused constituents are those\nwhich the speaker tries to introduce into the discourse , or “essential\npiece\\[s\\] of new information” . Kalamang has two focus markers: the\nenclitics =a and =ba. \nThe enclitic =a is a focus marker that typically attaches to the NP or\nPP. Question words often carry this enclitic and are naturally focused.\nSee(<a href=\"#exe:namana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namana\">[exe:namana]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tamatkoa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamatkoa\">[exe:tamatkoa]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnaman=a kiem-an yuwa=at kuet\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nbasket-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span> bring\n‘Who took my basket?’ <span id=\"exe:namana\" label=\"exe:namana\"></span>\nmu tamatko=a kajie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> pick\n‘Where did they pick \\[chestnuts\\]?’ <span id=\"exe:tamatkoa\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamatkoa\"></span> \n</div> \nIt is also common for =a to occur on the object in a question-answer\npair like(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>), where obviously the\npiece of new information is that which the interlocutor is asking about,\nkapurui, the name of a dish. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Ki nebara paruotkin?” Mu he toni mu kapurui mera paruotkin.\nki neba=at=a paruot=kin mu se toni mu kapurui met=a paruot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> kapurui\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘“What do you want to make?’’ They said they wanted to make that\nkapurui.’ <span id=\"exe:terques\" label=\"exe:terques\"></span> \n</div> \nWe also encounter =a on manner adverbial demonstratives\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), where there is a natural focus\non the part translating as ‘like this’.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:wandia\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wandia\">[exe:wandia]</a>), where the demonstrative\nis also an answer to a question. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:wandia\" label=\"exe:wandia\"></span> “Tamandi nina?” “Wandi,\nwandia paru!”\ntamandi nina wandi wandi=a paru\nhow grandmother like_this like_this=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘“How, grandmother?’’ “Like this, do like this.”’ \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:kiafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiafoc\">[exe:kiafoc]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bonafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bonafoc\">[exe:bonafoc]</a>), together\nwith(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>) above, show that focus\nmarker =a comes after postpositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nemun se sap=ki=a mara∼mara\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nstick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins=foc</span>\nmove_landwards∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘His mother came walking with a stick.’ <span id=\"exe:kiafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiafoc\"></span> mier pas kahen kon=bon=a min\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> woman tall\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com=foc</span> sleep\n‘She and a tall woman are sleeping.’ <span id=\"exe:bonafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:bonafoc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe clitic =ba is a secondary focus marker found only on\ndemonstratives (example<a href=\"#exe:yuwaba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yuwaba\">[exe:yuwaba]</a>), proper names\n(example<a href=\"#exe:tomib\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tomib\">[exe:tomib]</a>), question word naman ‘who’\nand question word root tama\n(example<a href=\"#exe:puloro\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:puloro\">[exe:puloro]</a>). It is much rarer than\n=a. =ba is often, but not exclusively, used with questions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmungkin dodon-un yuwa=ba neba=ko pue to semen=ko\nmaybe clothes-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph=loc</span> hit right\nconcrete=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘Maybe these clothes of his hit the whatsit, right, the concrete.’\n<span id=\"exe:yuwaba\" label=\"exe:yuwaba\"></span> wat na=ten yuwa naman=a\nyuwa ... Tomi=ba ye\ncoconut consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nTomi=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> or\n‘\\[Someone\\] who is drinking coconut here, who is this, Tomi?’\n<span id=\"exe:tomib\" label=\"exe:tomib\"></span> pulor opa ka tu=ta me\ntama=ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ta</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf that you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:puloro\" label=\"exe:puloro\"></span> \n</div> \nThe meaning of =ba as opposed to =a remains unclear. One also finds\nmixing of the two focus markers, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mantanba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mantanba\">[exe:mantanba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Namana somin?” “Ge o, Tete Mantanba, Tete Loklomin.”\nnaman=a somin ge o tete Mantan=ba tete Loklomin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> die no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> grandfather\nMantan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> grandfather Loklomin\n‘“Who died?’’ “Oh, grandfather Mantan, grandfather Loklomin.”’\n<span id=\"exe:mantanba\" label=\"exe:mantanba\"></span> \n</div> \n=ba is also used in a filler construction consisting of proximal\ndemonstrative wa, =ba and progressive =teba. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok wa=ba=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘He still, eh...’ neba kaman-un, kaman wa=ba=teba\nwhat grass-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> grass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘What kind of grass, grass eh...’ \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Corpus", "Header 2": null, "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:corpusapp\" label=\"sec:corpusapp\"></span> This section\nprovides an overview of the transcribed recordings and elicited data in\nthe corpus, with their corpus tags, titles, length and number of words. \n<div class=\"longtable\"> \np1cmp7cmEE \n& &mm:ss&words \nstim 1 & Jackal and crow narrated by Binkur mama & 1:15&84\nstim 2 & Jackal and crow narrated by Mohtar pu bapak & 4:35&247\nstim 3 & Jackal and crow retold by Mohtar pu bapak & 2:58&341\nstim4 & Family problems part 1: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n5:41&382\nstim6 & Family problems part 2: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak &\n19:32&788\nstim7 & Family problems part 2: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos &\n10:40&1468\nstim12 & Family problems part 3: Mohtar pu bapak and Om Nos & 7:29&706\nstim13 & Farm animals: Erna pu bapak and Bilal pu bapak & 3:48&283\nstim14 & Farm animals: Binkur pu mama and Mohtar pu bapak & 2:55&113\nstim15 & Discussing fishing gear 1 & 5:45&272\nstim16 & Discussing fishing gear 2 & 6:24&193\nstim20 & Frog, where are you narrated by Mohtar’s father& 6:46&394\nstim21 & Frog, where are you narrated by Om Nos for Yeni & 4:30&502\nstim24 & Japanese mute video narration by Mohtar’s father & 3:37&294\nstim25 & Man and tree picture matching 1& 9:41&293\nstim26 & Man and tree picture matching 2& 9:08&522\nstim27 & Man and tree picture matching 3& 17:28&454\nstim29 & Pear movie narrated by Om Nos and Bilal’s father & 2:30&296\nstim30 & Pear movie narrated by Djusman & 2:25&241\nstim31 & Pear movie narrated by Binkur’s mother & 3:24&338\nstim33 & Pear movie narrated by Mohtar’s father & 2:00&160\nstim34 & Pear movie narrated by Ruslan’s grandmother & 1:24&105\nstim35 & Route description from Arepner to the harbour & 2:25&118\nstim36 & Route description from the school to Arepner & 1:49&106\nstim37 & Route description from Tat to the school & 1:28&108\nstim38 & Space games & 12:22&547\nstim39 & Tinker toy picture matching 1 & 2:05&170\nstim40 & Tinker toy picture matching 2 & 2:55 &84\nstim42 & Village pictures picture matching 2 & 17:15&1248\nstim43 & Village pictures picture matching 3 & 23:32&862\nstim44 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:40&190\nstim45 & Wooden man picture matching & 2:02&89\nsubtotal && 3:22:28&11998 \nnarr1 & Remembering the dead & 8:24&489\nnarr2 & Marriage negotiations & 14:09&1296\nnarr3 & The rituals for putting the roof on a house & 13:55&1338\nnarr4 & A wedding & 8:05&712\nnarr5 & Wedding rituals & 5:04&449\nnarr6 & How to build a bamboo house & 6:38&319\nnarr7 & How to build a house & 14:48&1357\nnarr8 & When me and my husband went fishing & 7:20&600\nnarr9 & Making fried cookies part 1 & 7:01&98\nnarr10 & Making fried cookies part 2 & 5:02&30\nnarr11 & How to weave mats and baskets & 3:20&238\nnarr12 & Nutmegs& 9:20&716\nnarr13 & Offerings in the nutmeg plantations&5:42&541\nnarr14 & How to make a wooden canoe&6:22&725\nnarr16 & Malik’s funny story about cigarettes&5:53&467\nnarr17 & Malik’s funny story about the naked tourist&2:40&273\nnarr18 & Makuteli: birds on a boat&21:04&1180\nnarr19 & Linglong: Monkey and Cuscus sell firewood&16:59&1502\nnarr20 & Cassowary and Dog&4:24&363\nnarr21 & Crab& 5:34&527\nnarr22 & Kuawi&8:53&943\nnarr23 & The woman who turned into a lime&6:53&755\nnarr24 & Kelengkeleng woman&6:23&535\nnarr25 & The money-defecating cow&10:23&1181\nnarr26 & Married to a mermaid& 22:10&1787\nnarr27 & The providing tree&4:38&542\nnarr28 & Suagibaba&13:14&1378\nnarr29 & Finding water at Sui&8:00&820\nnarr30 & The talking coconut&2:08&228\nnarr31 & Traditional medicines that grow on Tat&6:39&505\nnarr32 & When I went to cure someone&2:28&158\nnarr33 & Leaf medicines part 1&6:16&253\nnarr34 & Leaf medicines part 2&5:30&367\nnarr35 & Leaf medicines part 3&6:23&426\nnarr36 & Leaf medicines part 4&2:22&102\nnarr37 & Route description from Mas to Antalisa&5:15&462\nnarr38 & Route description within Mas&2:08&144\nnarr39 & Why the crow is black&4:35&330\nnarr40 & Japanese bombings in WWII&22:45&1529\nnarr41 & What I did yesterday&2:42&230\nnarr42 & The last two canoes Om Nos built&16:00&1704\nnarr43 & When I was young&4:50&288\nnarr44 & Fishing and lobster diving with Keica&28:10&3909\nnarr45 & When Mayor went to Fakfak to get loans&4:37&417\nnarr46 & How to make the frame of a house &5:20&509\nsubtotal && 6:16:02&32422 \nconv1 & Netfishing 1 & 7:30&439\nconv2 & Netfishing 2 & 7:30&346\nconv3 & Netfishing 3 & 7:30&425\nconv4 & Netfishing 4 & 7:30&629\nconv5 & Netfishing 5 & 7:30&477\nconv7 & The Funeral of Tete Loklomin & 15:08&2109\nconv8 & Tenggelele ritual& 5:36&511\nconv9 & Binkur mama and Bakri mama talk current affairs & 32:45&3537\nconv10 & A conversation about fish & 23:02&3345\nconv11 & A conversation about chestnuts&6:41&1074\nconv12 & A kitchen conversation between two grandmothers&22:20&1901\nconv13 & A conversation about rice&13:08&1898\nconv14 & Two grandfathers talk current affairs&9:16&648\nconv15 & A conversation about cooking aubergine and papaya&6:27&588\nconv16 & A conversation about cooking vegetables&15:50&1445\nconv17 & How to weave a wallet part 1&45:00&1014\nconv18 & How to weave a wallet part 2&12:30&69\nconv19 & How to weave a wallet part 3&24:00&292\nconv20 & Mohtar’s father and Lamani’s father discuss root\nmedicines&49:07&4084\nconv21 & Boat trip around Karas Island 1& 07:30&190\nconv22 & Boat trip around Karas Island 10&1:29&41\nconv23 & Boat trip around Karas Island 12&0:39&14\nconv24 & Boat trip around Karas Island 13&0:44&14\nconv25 & Boat trip around Karas Island 14&4:51&47\nconv26 & Boat trip around Karas Island 6&0:41&16\nconv27 & Boat trip around Karas Island 7&7:30 &33\nconv28 & Boat trip around Karas Island 8&7:30&100\nsubtotal && 5:49:14&25286\ntotal && 15:27:44&69706 \n</div> \n<div class=\"tabularx\"> \nllQ\nBinominals & &\n[bin](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C4D-3)\nDemonstratives & &\n[thi](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C52-A)\nIamitives and nondums & &\n[iam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C55-7)\nIdematives & &\n[idem](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNaming & Handschuh p.c. &\n[nam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nNegation & Veselinova and Miestamo& [neg,\nneg19](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nRelative clauses & &\n[rel](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nTMA & & [tam](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C62-D)\nValency & &\n[val](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C65-5) \nMan and tree & Space games & &\n[stim13](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAC-8),\n[stim14](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAB-6)\n[stim25-27](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim38-40](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6),\n[stim42](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BE7-5) \nFamily problems & &\n[stim4](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA8-B),\n[stim6](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BA9-9),\n[stim7](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAA-C),\n[stim12](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BB0-D)\nFocus & via Arthur Holmer &\n[foc](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C60-A)\nFrog story& &\n[stim20](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1BAF-5),\n[stim21](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B94-F)\nJackal and crow& &\n[stim1-3](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nTopological relations & &\n[top](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C63-9) \nCut and break &&\n[cut](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C50-E)\nDitransitives && [notebook 3, page\n345](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B66-5)\nJapanese story& via Arthur Holmer&\n[stim24](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C9C-7)\nMotion verbs & &\n[mot](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C56-3)\nPear movie& &\n[stim29-34](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1B9D-6)\nPut && [put1](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5E-6),\n[put2](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C5F-7)\nReciprocal constructions &&\n[rec](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C61-7)\nStaged events &&\n[stag](http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0004-1C64-3) \n</div>" } ], "index": 95, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Rustam's grandmother has a mole on her eyelid.", "split": "train" }
Sakina emun jongsongat bisa kinkin.	Sakina's mother can steer a motor boat.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: Sakina's mother can steer a motor boat.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Sakina\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: vagina\nKalamang translation: kar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Sakina\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: casuarina (tree)\nKalamang translation: rur\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: greatgrandmother\nKalamang translation: ninanus; tataninanus\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"mother\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: mother\nKalamang translation: ema\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"can\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: canoe\nKalamang translation: et\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"can\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: can\nKalamang translation: belek; bisa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"steer\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: beer\nKalamang translation: bir\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"steer\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: step\nKalamang translation: panggat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: weak as a result of not eating\nKalamang translation: kaloum\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"a\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: a big one\nKalamang translation: temun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"motor\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: motor boat\nKalamang translation: jonsong\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"motor\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: motor\nKalamang translation: motor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"boat\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: back of boat\nKalamang translation: kudakuda\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"boat\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: plank in boat\nKalamang translation: gading\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Sakina\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dalima goes up to buy noodles but Sakina and family are still eating.\nKalamang translation: Dalima sara mijie ba Sakina mu tok muap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Sakina\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Sakina is pouching guavas.\nKalamang translation: Sakina sarimara lawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's mother lost weight, she's small.\nKalamang translation: Saiilima emun kadenun tur, kaden cicaun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"mother\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tamandi's mother was afraid of a snake and jumped around.\nKalamang translation: Tamandi emun kiwat semda bo dalangdalang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"can\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The cannonball tree broke and flew away.\nKalamang translation: Kai taul me parairte lele.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"can\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When it rains we can see the other island close-by.\nKalamang translation: Kalis urta pi lenggonat komera kokir.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"steer\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: He is a thief. He steals stuff.\nKalamang translation: Ma me sontum eksueren. Ma don kuek.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"steer\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Hairul is steering the motor boat sailing around.\nKalamang translation: Hairul yonsongat kinkinde tiri naurar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I saw Hidayat's father and family skin a deer.\nKalamang translation: An kona Hidayat esun mu rusat kawaruan.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"a\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That crow is making a nest in the coconut.\nKalamang translation: Goras yume eunara wat kerunggo paruo.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"motor\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My husband pierced the canoe to install a pokpok-motor.\nKalamang translation: Naman erat durma pokpokat diratkin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"motor\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Hairul is steering the motor boat sailing around.\nKalamang translation: Hairul yonsongat kinkinde tiri naurar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"boat\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Salima's father's family has one fibre boat.\nKalamang translation: Salima esun mu fiberun kon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"boat\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Hairul is steering the motor boat sailing around.\nKalamang translation: Hairul yonsongat kinkinde tiri naurar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe clitic =kin, homophonous with second-person plural possessive\npronoun kin, expresses prospective or purposive association, spatial\nassociation, general (associative) ownership and representation of type.\nIt attaches to the right edge of the NP. The clitic does not display\nregular morphophonological behaviour\n(§<a href=\"#sec:elis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:elis\">[sec:elis]</a>). There is lenition of the /k/\nin, for example, the form neba=kin, but not in mu=kin. There is also\nno velarisation after /n/. This is perhaps a sign of recent\ngrammaticalisation. Note that in possessive relations with =kin, it is\nthe possessor that is marked. \nProspective or purposive association indicates that the word it is\nmarked on is the prospective or purposive use of the referent of another\nnoun. For instance, the compound nika warkin, from nika ‘line’ and\nwar ‘to fish’, indicates that the line is meant for fishing and not\nfor another activity such as tying. Muap terkin is used to indicate\nall food that is associated with drinking tea, such as cakes and\ncookies. Here, =kin may mark accompaniment or purpose. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnika war=kin\nline fish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘fishing line’ kai tolas=kin\nfirewood break_fast=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘firewood to be used when breaking the fast’ tumtum=kin\nchildren=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘children’s’ (used in the context of medicine) muap ter=kin\nfood tea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘food to consume together with tea’ <span id=\"exe:muapter\"\nlabel=\"exe:muapter\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin is also found on locations to indicate spatial association. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npasar Pakpak=kin\nmarket Fakfak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Fakfak’s market’ kewe Arepner=kin\nhouse Arepner=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Arepner’s houses’ \n</div> \nOther examples of spatial association are the names of certain species,\nespecially fish species, as shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wienart\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wienart\">[exe:wienart]</a>). The wienar\n‘parrotfish’ is contrasted with other wienar species, such as wienar\nsaruam ‘longnose parrotfish’. It can also be used in a more general\nsense to group for example all fish found close to the shore, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sorkis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sorkis\">[exe:sorkis]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwienar tebol=kin\nparrotfish reef_edge=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘roundhead parrotfish’ <span id=\"exe:wienart\"\nlabel=\"exe:wienart\"></span> sor kibis=kin\nfish shore=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘shore fish’ <span id=\"exe:sorkis\" label=\"exe:sorkis\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin can also express general (associative) ownership without\nspecifying the possessor. This can be used, for example, with the\nquestion word naman ‘who’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:namankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namankin\">[exe:namankin]</a>). The answer to this\nquestion also contains =kin, marking the possession of a group of\npeople. Thus, naman=kin functions as a placeholder for Dian taraun\nmu=kin. The answer also contains the third-person plural pronoun mu\nused as an associative plural. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=kin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Whose?’ Dian tara-un mu=kin\nDian grandfather-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Dian’s grandfather’s and associates’.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:namankin\" label=\"exe:namankin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis same marking of the possession of a group, often used with\nteknonyms (see §<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a>), is also illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass\">[exe:ass]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ass\" label=\"exe:ass\"></span> Pertama nebainggo,\nSainudinkin. Sainudinkin lewat, a terus menggara Kiba mukin.\npertama neba=kin=ko sainudin=kin sainudin=kin lewat a terus\nmengga=ta kiba mu=kin\nfirst <span class=\"smallcaps\">ph-poss=loc</span>\nSainudin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\nSainudin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> pass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> further\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nKiba <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=poss</span>\n‘First whose place, Sainudin’s. Pass Sainudin’s, ah then from there\n\\[you get to\\] Kiba’s.’ \n</div> \nInterestingly, because =kin is attached to the last element of the NP,\nit can also be attached to a possessive pronoun.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:esakainkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:esakainkin\">[exe:esakainkin]</a>), the use of =kin\n(instead of third-person possessive -un) signals that the possessed\nitem, some fishing equipment, belongs to the father’s household and not\nto him personally. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:esakainkin\" label=\"exe:esakainkin\"></span> mera ge esa\nkain=kin mera ki napaki=ta\nthen not father <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss=poss</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nuse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘If not, you can use your father’s.’ \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:konkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konkin\">[exe:konkin]</a>), =kin attaches to a\nnumeral, which refers to the price of a certain size of fishing line\n(the word nika ‘line’ is elided). =kin indicates that the numeral is\nrepresentative of a type. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nripi putkon=kin me minggi winyal\nthousand ten=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.ins</span> sail_fish\n‘With \\[fishing line of the kind that costs\\] ten thousand \\[you go\\]\nfishing while sailing around.’ <span id=\"exe:konkin\"\nlabel=\"exe:konkin\"></span> \n</div> \nLastly, =kin is used by one speaker in two recordings about canoe\nbuilding to refer to parts of the canoe.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), the left and\nright side of the canoe are described, and either side is marked with\n=kin. In(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the canoes are the parts, and\nthe whole is a tree from which three canoes are cut. An alternative\nanalysis is that these uses of =kin do not indicate a part-whole\nrelationship, but that there is an understood nominal referent with\nwhich =kin expresses an associative relationship.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), this could be\nthe drill holes (the left side’s drill holes), and\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the wood or the motor boat’s\nbase. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntantayon=kin di=saran=i koyet koi tanbes=kin=at koi bor=taet\nleft=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish then\nright=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nthen drill=again\n‘After putting up the left side, we drill the right side again.’\n<span id=\"exe:tantayonkin\" label=\"exe:tantayonkin\"></span> koi et\nmir-eir=kin=at kon-i potma raor=kin=at potma\nlimabelas=kin=at potma koi et pokpok=kin kon\nthen canoe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_canoe</span>-two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span>\none-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span> cut\nmiddle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span> cut\n15_hp_motor_boat.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=poss=obj</span> cut then\ncanoe small_motor_boat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> one\n‘Then \\[I\\] cut one canoe from two, cut it in the middle, cut a motor\nboat, then a small motorboat is one.’ <span id=\"exe:ass3\"\nlabel=\"exe:ass3\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe predicate clitic =ta apparently has a roughly similar function to\nnon-final =te: it relates two states or events. Therefore, I\ntentatively analyse it as a non-final marker, but distinguish it from\n=te, because it occurs in a few contexts in which non-final =te is\ninfrequent. Since I do not yet have a conclusive analysis of it, I make\ndo with describing the distribution in detail. \nNon-final =ta is certainly not a phonological variant of non-final\n=te, as it may be found in the same environments. Compare\ntankinkin=te ‘shake hands’ (from tan ‘arm and hand’ and kinkin\n‘hold’) in(<a href=\"#exe:tankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tankin\">[exe:tankin]</a>) above with kinkin=ta\n‘hold’ here: \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma kinkin=ta metko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nhold=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n‘He holds \\[it\\] there.’ <span id=\"exe:kinkinda\"\nlabel=\"exe:kinkinda\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =ta occurs in same-subject environments, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nasesak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nasesak\">[exe:nasesak]</a>), but much less so than\nnon-final =te. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan yie=ta kajie ba kat kan nasesak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nswim=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> pick but lake right high_tide\n‘I was swimming picking \\[chestnuts\\] but the water in the lake was\nhigh, right.’ <span id=\"exe:nasesak\" label=\"exe:nasesak\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =ta frequently occurs in combinaion with ba ‘but’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:gergettaba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gergettaba\">[exe:gergettaba]</a>), and the\n(distinct) sequential marker (e)ba ‘then’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tonikalau\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tonikalau\">[exe:tonikalau]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:pakutet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pakutet\">[exe:pakutet]</a>). This combination is\nvery rare for non-final =te. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan gerket=ta ba mu toni mu=a koluk=ta Tami mu sabarak-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nask=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=foc</span>\nfind=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> Tami\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nunder_house-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘I asked but they said they just found it under Tami’s house.’\n<span id=\"exe:gergettaba\" label=\"exe:gergettaba\"></span> an toni kalau\nki=konggo=a garung=et an se dodon-an met kuru marua metko=ta\n(e)ba kawet∼kawet sambil garung=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say if\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl=an.loc=foc</span>\nchat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nclothing-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span> bring move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nthen fold∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">iter</span> simultaneously\nchat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I said if you are chatting at yours, I bring my clothing down there,\nthen fold while chatting.’ <span id=\"exe:tonikalau\"\nlabel=\"exe:tonikalau\"></span> pi pakut=et tahan=ta (e)ba bisa\nyorsik=ta ba bisa kit-kadok di=rat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nnail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nendure=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then can\nstraight=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then can top-side\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘If we nail steadily then \\[we\\] can make it straight, then \\[we\\] can\ninstall the top.’ <span id=\"exe:pakutet\" label=\"exe:pakutet\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =ta is also very frequently followed by a variant of distal\ndemonstrative me (§<a href=\"#sec:me\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:me\">[sec:me]</a>) or topic marker me\n(§<a href=\"#sec:discme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discme\">[sec:discme]</a>). Again, this is hardly\nfound with non-final =te. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nyuol me Sek=a in bara os payiem=ta me an tang tama-n=i kajie\nday <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\nSek=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> descend sand\nfill=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nseed\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\npick\n‘That day \\[at\\] Sek, we went down to fill sand, I picked\nI-don’t-know-how-many seeds.’ mindi bo=te tete se somin=ta met se\necien=i masarat=kin\nlike_that go=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> grandfather\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndie=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nmove_landwards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Like that until grandfather had died, then \\[we\\] wanted to go back\ntowards land.’ o kusukusu toni tok nakal-ca tok kuskap=ta ime tok\ntok\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> cuscus say not_yet\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span> still\nblack=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> not_yet not_yet\n‘The cuscus says: “Not yet, your head is still black, not yet.”’ \n</div> \n=ta is not found on numbers, and not with locations except for metko\n‘there’ (example<a href=\"#exe:kinkinda\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kinkinda\">[exe:kinkinda]</a>), whereas non-final\n=te is frequently found followed by predicative locatives. \nIn contrast to non-final =te, non-final =ta is often seen following\nthe lative clitic =ka, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tabo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tabo\">[exe:tabo]</a>). Non-final =ta surfaces as\nra after vowels, making it easily confused with the directional verb\nra ‘to move (away)’. (<a href=\"#exe:ranora\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ranora\">[exe:ranora]</a>) shows parallel clauses\nwhich help distinguish the allomorph =ra from the verb ra ‘move\naway’. Ra is followed by other directional verbs with which it\nshouldn’t be compatible (e.g. sara ‘to ascend’). Moreover, the\nmorpheme does not carry stress when following =ka, whereas ra ‘to\ngo; to move away’ does. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=bon kiun=bon pasar=ka=ta bo don-jiet=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmarket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo thing-buy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He and his wife want to go to the market to buy stuff.’\n<span id=\"exe:tabo\" label=\"exe:tabo\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nAbdula emun se masara ... ma se gen koi mengga sara\nAbdula mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmaybe then <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> ascend\n‘Abdula’s mother had gone inland, maybe she had gone up from there\nalready.’ Unyil emun koi etuat-mang mengga=ra sara\nUnyil mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> then cry-voice\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>-? ascend\n‘Then Unyil’s mother came up crying.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:ranora\" label=\"exe:ranora\"></span> \n</div> \nThe combination lative + bo ‘to go’ (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:tabo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tabo\">[exe:tabo]</a>), without adding non-final\n=ta in between, seems to be ungrammatical. Lative + =ta + another\nverb expressing movement is also attested, but there, the omission of\n=ta is grammatical, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:gata\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gata\">[exe:gata]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:wanggab\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wanggab\">[exe:wanggab]</a>) with bara ‘to\ndescend’. Complex lative constructions are further described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcgoal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcgoal\">[sec:mvcgoal]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmasikit mul=ka=ta bara\nmosque\nside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ndescend\n‘\\[They\\] go down from the side of the mosque.’ <span id=\"exe:gata\"\nlabel=\"exe:gata\"></span> ki wangga barat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.lat</span>\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘You go down here.’ <span id=\"exe:wanggab\" label=\"exe:wanggab\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: Sakina's mother can steer a motor boat.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Sakina emun jongsongat bisa kinkin.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Sakina emun jongsongat bisa kinkin.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Possessive and associative constructions", "Header 2": "Associative relations with =kin", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "The clitic =kin, homophonous with second-person plural possessive\npronoun kin, expresses prospective or purposive association, spatial\nassociation, general (associative) ownership and representation of type.\nIt attaches to the right edge of the NP. The clitic does not display\nregular morphophonological behaviour\n(§<a href=\"#sec:elis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:elis\">[sec:elis]</a>). There is lenition of the /k/\nin, for example, the form neba=kin, but not in mu=kin. There is also\nno velarisation after /n/. This is perhaps a sign of recent\ngrammaticalisation. Note that in possessive relations with =kin, it is\nthe possessor that is marked. \nProspective or purposive association indicates that the word it is\nmarked on is the prospective or purposive use of the referent of another\nnoun. For instance, the compound nika warkin, from nika ‘line’ and\nwar ‘to fish’, indicates that the line is meant for fishing and not\nfor another activity such as tying. Muap terkin is used to indicate\nall food that is associated with drinking tea, such as cakes and\ncookies. Here, =kin may mark accompaniment or purpose. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnika war=kin\nline fish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘fishing line’ kai tolas=kin\nfirewood break_fast=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘firewood to be used when breaking the fast’ tumtum=kin\nchildren=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘children’s’ (used in the context of medicine) muap ter=kin\nfood tea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘food to consume together with tea’ <span id=\"exe:muapter\"\nlabel=\"exe:muapter\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin is also found on locations to indicate spatial association. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npasar Pakpak=kin\nmarket Fakfak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Fakfak’s market’ kewe Arepner=kin\nhouse Arepner=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Arepner’s houses’ \n</div> \nOther examples of spatial association are the names of certain species,\nespecially fish species, as shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wienart\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wienart\">[exe:wienart]</a>). The wienar\n‘parrotfish’ is contrasted with other wienar species, such as wienar\nsaruam ‘longnose parrotfish’. It can also be used in a more general\nsense to group for example all fish found close to the shore, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sorkis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sorkis\">[exe:sorkis]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwienar tebol=kin\nparrotfish reef_edge=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘roundhead parrotfish’ <span id=\"exe:wienart\"\nlabel=\"exe:wienart\"></span> sor kibis=kin\nfish shore=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘shore fish’ <span id=\"exe:sorkis\" label=\"exe:sorkis\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin can also express general (associative) ownership without\nspecifying the possessor. This can be used, for example, with the\nquestion word naman ‘who’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:namankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namankin\">[exe:namankin]</a>). The answer to this\nquestion also contains =kin, marking the possession of a group of\npeople. Thus, naman=kin functions as a placeholder for Dian taraun\nmu=kin. The answer also contains the third-person plural pronoun mu\nused as an associative plural. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=kin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Whose?’ Dian tara-un mu=kin\nDian grandfather-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Dian’s grandfather’s and associates’.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:namankin\" label=\"exe:namankin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis same marking of the possession of a group, often used with\nteknonyms (see §<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a>), is also illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass\">[exe:ass]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ass\" label=\"exe:ass\"></span> Pertama nebainggo,\nSainudinkin. Sainudinkin lewat, a terus menggara Kiba mukin.\npertama neba=kin=ko sainudin=kin sainudin=kin lewat a terus\nmengga=ta kiba mu=kin\nfirst <span class=\"smallcaps\">ph-poss=loc</span>\nSainudin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\nSainudin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> pass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> further\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nKiba <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=poss</span>\n‘First whose place, Sainudin’s. Pass Sainudin’s, ah then from there\n\\[you get to\\] Kiba’s.’ \n</div> \nInterestingly, because =kin is attached to the last element of the NP,\nit can also be attached to a possessive pronoun.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:esakainkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:esakainkin\">[exe:esakainkin]</a>), the use of =kin\n(instead of third-person possessive -un) signals that the possessed\nitem, some fishing equipment, belongs to the father’s household and not\nto him personally. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:esakainkin\" label=\"exe:esakainkin\"></span> mera ge esa\nkain=kin mera ki napaki=ta\nthen not father <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss=poss</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nuse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘If not, you can use your father’s.’ \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:konkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konkin\">[exe:konkin]</a>), =kin attaches to a\nnumeral, which refers to the price of a certain size of fishing line\n(the word nika ‘line’ is elided). =kin indicates that the numeral is\nrepresentative of a type. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nripi putkon=kin me minggi winyal\nthousand ten=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.ins</span> sail_fish\n‘With \\[fishing line of the kind that costs\\] ten thousand \\[you go\\]\nfishing while sailing around.’ <span id=\"exe:konkin\"\nlabel=\"exe:konkin\"></span> \n</div> \nLastly, =kin is used by one speaker in two recordings about canoe\nbuilding to refer to parts of the canoe.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), the left and\nright side of the canoe are described, and either side is marked with\n=kin. In(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the canoes are the parts, and\nthe whole is a tree from which three canoes are cut. An alternative\nanalysis is that these uses of =kin do not indicate a part-whole\nrelationship, but that there is an understood nominal referent with\nwhich =kin expresses an associative relationship.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), this could be\nthe drill holes (the left side’s drill holes), and\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the wood or the motor boat’s\nbase. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntantayon=kin di=saran=i koyet koi tanbes=kin=at koi bor=taet\nleft=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish then\nright=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nthen drill=again\n‘After putting up the left side, we drill the right side again.’\n<span id=\"exe:tantayonkin\" label=\"exe:tantayonkin\"></span> koi et\nmir-eir=kin=at kon-i potma raor=kin=at potma\nlimabelas=kin=at potma koi et pokpok=kin kon\nthen canoe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_canoe</span>-two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span>\none-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span> cut\nmiddle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span> cut\n15_hp_motor_boat.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=poss=obj</span> cut then\ncanoe small_motor_boat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> one\n‘Then \\[I\\] cut one canoe from two, cut it in the middle, cut a motor\nboat, then a small motorboat is one.’ <span id=\"exe:ass3\"\nlabel=\"exe:ass3\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Multiclausal constructions", "Header 2": "Coordination-like clause combining", "Header 3": "Non-final clauses", "Header 4": "Non-final =ta" }, "passage": "The predicate clitic =ta apparently has a roughly similar function to\nnon-final =te: it relates two states or events. Therefore, I\ntentatively analyse it as a non-final marker, but distinguish it from\n=te, because it occurs in a few contexts in which non-final =te is\ninfrequent. Since I do not yet have a conclusive analysis of it, I make\ndo with describing the distribution in detail. \nNon-final =ta is certainly not a phonological variant of non-final\n=te, as it may be found in the same environments. Compare\ntankinkin=te ‘shake hands’ (from tan ‘arm and hand’ and kinkin\n‘hold’) in(<a href=\"#exe:tankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tankin\">[exe:tankin]</a>) above with kinkin=ta\n‘hold’ here: \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma kinkin=ta metko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\nhold=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>\n‘He holds \\[it\\] there.’ <span id=\"exe:kinkinda\"\nlabel=\"exe:kinkinda\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =ta occurs in same-subject environments, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:nasesak\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:nasesak\">[exe:nasesak]</a>), but much less so than\nnon-final =te. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan yie=ta kajie ba kat kan nasesak\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nswim=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> pick but lake right high_tide\n‘I was swimming picking \\[chestnuts\\] but the water in the lake was\nhigh, right.’ <span id=\"exe:nasesak\" label=\"exe:nasesak\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =ta frequently occurs in combinaion with ba ‘but’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:gergettaba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gergettaba\">[exe:gergettaba]</a>), and the\n(distinct) sequential marker (e)ba ‘then’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tonikalau\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tonikalau\">[exe:tonikalau]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:pakutet\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:pakutet\">[exe:pakutet]</a>). This combination is\nvery rare for non-final =te. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nan gerket=ta ba mu toni mu=a koluk=ta Tami mu sabarak-un=ko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nask=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> but\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=foc</span>\nfind=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> Tami\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nunder_house-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘I asked but they said they just found it under Tami’s house.’\n<span id=\"exe:gergettaba\" label=\"exe:gergettaba\"></span> an toni kalau\nki=konggo=a garung=et an se dodon-an met kuru marua metko=ta\n(e)ba kawet∼kawet sambil garung=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> say if\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl=an.loc=foc</span>\nchat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nclothing-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span> bring move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.loc</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nthen fold∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">iter</span> simultaneously\nchat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘I said if you are chatting at yours, I bring my clothing down there,\nthen fold while chatting.’ <span id=\"exe:tonikalau\"\nlabel=\"exe:tonikalau\"></span> pi pakut=et tahan=ta (e)ba bisa\nyorsik=ta ba bisa kit-kadok di=rat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.incl</span>\nnail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\nendure=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then can\nstraight=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> then can top-side\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=move=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘If we nail steadily then \\[we\\] can make it straight, then \\[we\\] can\ninstall the top.’ <span id=\"exe:pakutet\" label=\"exe:pakutet\"></span> \n</div> \nNon-final =ta is also very frequently followed by a variant of distal\ndemonstrative me (§<a href=\"#sec:me\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:me\">[sec:me]</a>) or topic marker me\n(§<a href=\"#sec:discme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discme\">[sec:discme]</a>). Again, this is hardly\nfound with non-final =te. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nyuol me Sek=a in bara os payiem=ta me an tang tama-n=i kajie\nday <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\nSek=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl</span> descend sand\nfill=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\nseed\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>-<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\npick\n‘That day \\[at\\] Sek, we went down to fill sand, I picked\nI-don’t-know-how-many seeds.’ mindi bo=te tete se somin=ta met se\necien=i masarat=kin\nlike_that go=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span> grandfather\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndie=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nreturn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nmove_landwards=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘Like that until grandfather had died, then \\[we\\] wanted to go back\ntowards land.’ o kusukusu toni tok nakal-ca tok kuskap=ta ime tok\ntok\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> cuscus say not_yet\nhead-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span> still\nblack=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span> not_yet not_yet\n‘The cuscus says: “Not yet, your head is still black, not yet.”’ \n</div> \n=ta is not found on numbers, and not with locations except for metko\n‘there’ (example<a href=\"#exe:kinkinda\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kinkinda\">[exe:kinkinda]</a>), whereas non-final\n=te is frequently found followed by predicative locatives. \nIn contrast to non-final =te, non-final =ta is often seen following\nthe lative clitic =ka, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:tabo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tabo\">[exe:tabo]</a>). Non-final =ta surfaces as\nra after vowels, making it easily confused with the directional verb\nra ‘to move (away)’. (<a href=\"#exe:ranora\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ranora\">[exe:ranora]</a>) shows parallel clauses\nwhich help distinguish the allomorph =ra from the verb ra ‘move\naway’. Ra is followed by other directional verbs with which it\nshouldn’t be compatible (e.g. sara ‘to ascend’). Moreover, the\nmorpheme does not carry stress when following =ka, whereas ra ‘to\ngo; to move away’ does. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma=bon kiun=bon pasar=ka=ta bo don-jiet=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nwife.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nmarket=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo thing-buy=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘He and his wife want to go to the market to buy stuff.’\n<span id=\"exe:tabo\" label=\"exe:tabo\"></span> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nAbdula emun se masara ... ma se gen koi mengga sara\nAbdula mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_landwards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmaybe then <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span> ascend\n‘Abdula’s mother had gone inland, maybe she had gone up from there\nalready.’ Unyil emun koi etuat-mang mengga=ra sara\nUnyil mother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> then cry-voice\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>-? ascend\n‘Then Unyil’s mother came up crying.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:ranora\" label=\"exe:ranora\"></span> \n</div> \nThe combination lative + bo ‘to go’ (given\nin<a href=\"#exe:tabo\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tabo\">[exe:tabo]</a>), without adding non-final\n=ta in between, seems to be ungrammatical. Lative + =ta + another\nverb expressing movement is also attested, but there, the omission of\n=ta is grammatical, as illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:gata\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:gata\">[exe:gata]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:wanggab\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wanggab\">[exe:wanggab]</a>) with bara ‘to\ndescend’. Complex lative constructions are further described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:mvcgoal\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:mvcgoal\">[sec:mvcgoal]</a>. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmasikit mul=ka=ta bara\nmosque\nside=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ndescend\n‘\\[They\\] go down from the side of the mosque.’ <span id=\"exe:gata\"\nlabel=\"exe:gata\"></span> ki wangga barat=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.lat</span>\ndescend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘You go down here.’ <span id=\"exe:wanggab\" label=\"exe:wanggab\"></span> \n</div>" } ], "index": 96, "level": "low_resource", "question": "Sakina's mother can steer a motor boat.", "split": "train" }
Pulor opa ka tura me tamabadok, oskadok?	That betel leaf that you pounded, which side is it from, from the beach?	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: That betel leaf that you pounded, which side is it from, from the beach?\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"That\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chat\nKalamang translation: rer\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"That\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: with that\nKalamang translation: minggi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"betel\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: chew betel\nKalamang translation: buokbuok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"betel\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: our betel\nKalamang translation: buokpe\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"leaf\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pandanus leaf\nKalamang translation: bunga rampi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"leaf\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sago leaf roof\nKalamang translation: muapsabursanong\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"that\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that have gone bad\nKalamang translation: tenenun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"that\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that\nKalamang translation: me\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"you\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: you know\nKalamang translation: kan; to\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"you\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: how are you\nKalamang translation: nauwar tamandi; tamandi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"pounded\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: pound\nKalamang translation: tu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"pounded\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: wounded\nKalamang translation: patin\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"which\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: white cloth\nKalamang translation: don iriskap\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"which\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: which one\nKalamang translation: kon tama\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"side\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: rough side leaf\nKalamang translation: kabor elaun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"side\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: side\nKalamang translation: taikon; -dok; kirarun; mul; mulun; -pis; tai-; tair; kir; -kadok\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"it\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that's it\nKalamang translation: ma he me\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"it\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: with a hole in it\nKalamang translation: durcie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"from\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: from outside\nKalamang translation: kolga\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"from\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: run away from\nKalamang translation: kokiem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"from\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: from outside\nKalamang translation: kolga\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"from\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: run away from\nKalamang translation: kokiem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the middle of the night\nKalamang translation: saun lat\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"the\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"beach\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: on/at beach\nKalamang translation: oskeit\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"beach\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: beach\nKalamang translation: osep\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"That\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person has a wide anus.\nKalamang translation: Som yumene kahamanpos luas.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"That\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person sells garlic, not onion.\nKalamang translation: Sontum me bawang iriskaptenara parin, bawang kerkap ge.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"betel\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: This wood is bent.\nKalamang translation: Ror wa me maulcien.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"betel\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The marungga tree has become big.\nKalamang translation: Kai modar me arun se temun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"leaf\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Laka's wife is tearing pandanus leaf.\nKalamang translation: Laka kieun padamualmasarut.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"leaf\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The women over there sit sewing a leaf roof.\nKalamang translation: Emumur owane melalu sanonggara gaim.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"that\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Aprilia's wish is that they go quickly.\nKalamang translation: Aprilia maun toni mu he loi boet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"that\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The rainbow that comes down from there blocks the wind.\nKalamang translation: Kalis tanggira he osangga bara urat namot.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"you\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I'll eat you whole.\nKalamang translation: An kat nani maoyet.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"you\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I don't want to go in the front, you go first.\nKalamang translation: An sukaun boraratnin, ka borarei.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"pounded\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Suci's father's shin is wounded.\nKalamang translation: Suci esun korusun ba patin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"pounded\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's father hit and wounded his toenail.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun kor tanggalip dukta patin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"which\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They two are diving for red cluster whip.\nKalamang translation: Mier waranggeit koar teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"which\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The leopard torpedo has white flesh.\nKalamang translation: Musing me kunun iriskap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"side\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There are many leaves at the side of our house, avocado leaves.\nKalamang translation: Kewe mul inggon me lolok reidak, afokat olun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"side\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: On the east side the water is murky.\nKalamang translation: Tagurep me pasier luam.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"it\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Keep it still already!\nKalamang translation: Mat malelinde geǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"it\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When it rains we can see the other island close-by.\nKalamang translation: Kalis urta pi lenggonat komera kokir.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"from\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: (She) comes from the Netherlands to learn our language.\nKalamang translation: Beladargara mia mangberat belajar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"from\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person is suffering from scabies.\nKalamang translation: Som yume kapis mat na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"from\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: (She) comes from the Netherlands to learn our language.\nKalamang translation: Beladargara mia mangberat belajar.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"from\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: That person is suffering from scabies.\nKalamang translation: Som yume kapis mat na.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"the\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: You don't know the Kalamang language, don't speak.\nKalamang translation: Ka kalamangmangat komahal, kamun garungin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"beach\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: They walked until the edge of the beach.\nKalamang translation: Mu marmari os koldun bo duk.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"beach\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Someone is whistling on the edge of the beach over there.\nKalamang translation: Somkona oskol owangga filoit.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:discme\" label=\"sec:discme\"></span>\n<span id=\"sec:clauseinme\" label=\"sec:clauseinme\"></span> Me* is a topic\nmarker that follows either the NP/PP or the predicate. A topic marker is\nan “entity that the speaker identifies, about which information (...) is\nthen given” . It is the starting point of an utterance with presupposed\ninformation that is then commented on . When me follows a NP or PP,\nthe NP or PP is topicalised. When me follows the predicate, the whole\nclause is topicalised, for example by making it conditional. Anti-topics\n(specified or reactivated topics) are not marked morphologically, but by\nplacing the anti-topic at the right edge of the clause, as described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>. In the examples in this section,\nthe topicalised constituents are given within square brackets. \nMe can be used after a NP or PP to mark it as the topic in clauses\nwith a verbal (see <a href=\"#exe:metrans\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:metrans\">[exe:metrans]</a>,\n<a href=\"#exe:mepron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mepron\">[exe:mepron]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:mestat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mestat\">[exe:mestat]</a>), nominal (see\n<a href=\"#exe:menom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menom\">[exe:menom]</a>), quantifier (see\n<a href=\"#exe:mequant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mequant\">[exe:mequant]</a>) or locative (see\n<a href=\"#exe:meloc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meloc\">[exe:meloc]</a>) predicate, but is not\nobligatory in any of these contexts. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme buok=at kuru bara pier=ki bes to\nwoman Netherlands-woman <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbetel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bring descend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.in=ben</span> good right\n‘The Dutchwoman brought down betel for us, good, right?’ (Context:\nsubject is given but not recently mentioned.) <span id=\"exe:metrans\"\nlabel=\"exe:metrans\"></span> me an se kat percai=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nbelieve=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for you, I don’t believe you any more.’ <span id=\"exe:mepron\"\nlabel=\"exe:mepron\"></span> ki Tanggor=ka=ta rar \\[Tanggor\\] me\nmambon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nTanggor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span> Tanggor\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘You go to Tanggor, at Tanggor there are \\[fish\\].’ (Context: Tanggor is\ngiven, in this very example.) <span id=\"exe:mestat\"\nlabel=\"exe:mestat\"></span> me mungkin berupa jim\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> maybe be_a_form_of jinn\n‘That woman is maybe a kind of jinn.’ (Context: description of a\nvideo. The woman has been mentioned; this is a comment about her\nidentity.) <span id=\"exe:menom\" label=\"exe:menom\"></span> me eir\neh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntwo <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘These are two, right?’ (Context: learning to weave a basket, pointing\nat strips of material in the teacher’s hand.) <span id=\"exe:mequant\"\nlabel=\"exe:mequant\"></span> me kewe-un=ko\nchildren two <span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘Two children are in their house.’ (Context: frog story. Children have\nbeen mentioned; description of a new page in the book.)\n<span id=\"exe:meloc\" label=\"exe:meloc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe topic marker follows postpositions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:finbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:finbon\">[exe:finbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:komeneko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:komeneko\">[exe:komeneko]</a>). Topicalised objects\nlack object postposition =at\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bobmun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bobmun\">[exe:bobmun]</a>). The topic marker is\ntypically used following NPs or PPs that refer to given referents. It\ncan also topicalise a time adverbial\n(example<a href=\"#exe:ambun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ambun\">[exe:ambun]</a>). Another way to mark topics,\nwhich may be combined with topic marker me, is fronting of the\ntopicalised constituent (§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme nat=nin\nArifin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nMei=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nconsum=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Arifin and Mei don’t eat.’ <span id=\"exe:finbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:finbon\"></span> me lempuang-tumun wilak=ko me neko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> island-child\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> inside\n‘Here, the small island inside the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:komeneko\"\nlabel=\"exe:komeneko\"></span> <sub>Obj</sub> me Bobi emun=a kona\nchildren few <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Bobi\nmother=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> see\n‘A few children, Bobi’s mother saw \\[them\\].’ <span id=\"exe:bobmun\"\nlabel=\"exe:bobmun\"></span> kier Luis=bon \\[kasur\\] me bo\nsor-sanggara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span>\nLuis=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> go fish-search\n‘(As for) tomorrow, you and Luis go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:ambun\"\nlabel=\"exe:ambun\"></span> \n</div> \nMore seldomly, new participants are introduced with me. This is\nlimited to unimportant participants.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:sikank\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikank\">[exe:sikank]</a>), the cat is introduced; it\nis not mentioned thereafter, and is only used in the story as a prop to\ncreate a slightly threatening atmosphere. In examples of the type\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wameta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wameta\">[exe:wameta]</a>), where properties of\nreferents are described out of context, me is also used, often\ncombined with a demonstrative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme in=at tiri pareir\ncat one <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=obj</span> run follow\n‘A cat ran after us.’ (Context: a story about going to someone’s house,\nfirst mention of the cat.) <span id=\"exe:sikank\"\nlabel=\"exe:sikank\"></span> me tabusik\ntree <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> short\n‘This tree is short.’ (Context: no context, elicitation, transl. of\nMalay pohon ini pendek ‘this tree is short’.) <span id=\"exe:wameta\"\nlabel=\"exe:wameta\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few instances, me marks two referents in the same clause.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:anmed\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anmed\">[exe:anmed]</a>), the second instance of me\ncould alternately be analysed as a distal demonstrative (but would still\nbe topicalised because it is fronted), but\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lekop\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lekop\">[exe:lekop]</a>) the analysis seems untlikely\nto fit, as there is already a demonstrative modifying each noun.\nAnalysing me as a definite marker also does not fit, as it does not\nappear consistently on anaphoric definites (referents that have been\nmentioned in the text). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme \\[don\\] me ka an ∅=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nthing <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for me, and as for that thing, you didn’t give \\[it\\] to me.’\n<span id=\"exe:anmed\" label=\"exe:anmed\"></span> me \\[afokat opa\\]\nme kona\ngoat <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> avocado\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nsee\n‘That goat sees those avocados.’ <span id=\"exe:lekop\"\nlabel=\"exe:lekop\"></span> \n</div> \nMe is also very common after the predicate, topicalising the entire\nclause. In most cases, this predicate carries irrealis =et\n(§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>) or non-final =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMustafa esun toni \\[ka ruot=et\\] me kamun naun=saet=in\nMustafa father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\nearth=only=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n‘Mustafa’s father said if you go digging, don’t \\[bring\\] earth only.’\n<span id=\"exe:ruretme\" label=\"exe:ruretme\"></span> pulor opa \\[ka\ntu=ta\\] me tama-ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere-<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf \\[that\\] you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:pulor\" label=\"exe:pulor\"></span> newer=i\nkoyet, \\[mindi=ta\\] me mier se marua\npay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n‘After paying, they went seawards.’ <span id=\"exe:mindita\"\nlabel=\"exe:mindita\"></span> \n</div> \nThe combination of irrealis =et followed by me is also seen in\npre-posed topic constructions as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eiretme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiretme\">[exe:eiretme]</a>). This is an unusual way\nto present a topic: it is much more common to do so without =et. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme ma se taraouk\nkind_of_fish two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> store\n‘As for those two siadas, he had already stored \\[them\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:eiretme\" label=\"exe:eiretme\"></span> \n</div> \nTopic marker me is homophonous with distal demonstrative me, and has\nlikely developed from it. Demonstratives are known to develop into topic\nmarkers .[^93] They have also been shown to have clause-combining and\ndiscourse-structuring functions . The Kalamang process of\ngrammaticalisation is likely ongoing, judging by the various uses of\nme sketched in this section, and moving away from a demonstrative use,\njudging by its few occurrences as an ordinary exophoric demonstrative. \nThere are also a considerable number of occurrences of me at the\nbeginning of a clause, whose function cannot be determined based on the\ncurrently available data. There are various possible analyses: it can be\nshort for mera ‘then, so’, mena ‘later, otherwise’, it can be a\nfiller,[^94] or it can be a specific use of topic marker or distal\ndemonstrative me. The following four examples show two subsequent\nutterances each, where the second utterance starts with me. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu toni kasur yuwa=ba seng paku=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> want tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nroof nail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They want to nail the roof tomorow.’ me sobas=ta me di=saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\ndawn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘? in the morning, put \\[carry it\\] up.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmier se bara sabua nerunggo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndescend tent inside\n‘They go down into the tent.’ me mu mu=at bon taluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=obj</span> bring exit\n‘? they bring them out.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kor opa se duk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> leg\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbump_into\n‘They already bumped that leg into something.’ me mera kasian Rani\nemun toni ...\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> then anyway Rani\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n‘? then anyway, Rani’s mother said...’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan se mara ki perusahan=ka bot=kin=ta me\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\ncompany=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘I went to sea: “Are you going to the mainland \\[lit. to the\ncompany\\]?”’ me an se mara me eh suol-ca se bes o bes mera\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.quot</span>\nback-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n‘? I went to sea like: “How is your back?” “Oh fine, of course.”’ \n</div> \n</div> \nMuch remains to be investigated regarding the exact functions of\nKalamang me. For example, a more thorough analysis is needed to\nunderstand what guides the use vs. non-use of me with new and given\nreferents, with non-verbal predicates, and when combining clauses.\nAlthough me is one of the most frequent words in the corpus, which\nmeans there is a relative wealth of data available, the mechanisms that\nregulate its use seem quite refined, and a more sophisticated analysis\nis therefore outside the scope of this grammar.\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:a\" label=\"sec:a\"></span> Focused constituents are those\nwhich the speaker tries to introduce into the discourse , or “essential\npiece\\[s\\] of new information” . Kalamang has two focus markers: the\nenclitics =a and =ba. \nThe enclitic =a is a focus marker that typically attaches to the NP or\nPP. Question words often carry this enclitic and are naturally focused.\nSee(<a href=\"#exe:namana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namana\">[exe:namana]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tamatkoa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamatkoa\">[exe:tamatkoa]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnaman=a kiem-an yuwa=at kuet\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nbasket-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span> bring\n‘Who took my basket?’ <span id=\"exe:namana\" label=\"exe:namana\"></span>\nmu tamatko=a kajie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> pick\n‘Where did they pick \\[chestnuts\\]?’ <span id=\"exe:tamatkoa\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamatkoa\"></span> \n</div> \nIt is also common for =a to occur on the object in a question-answer\npair like(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>), where obviously the\npiece of new information is that which the interlocutor is asking about,\nkapurui, the name of a dish. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Ki nebara paruotkin?” Mu he toni mu kapurui mera paruotkin.\nki neba=at=a paruot=kin mu se toni mu kapurui met=a paruot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> kapurui\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘“What do you want to make?’’ They said they wanted to make that\nkapurui.’ <span id=\"exe:terques\" label=\"exe:terques\"></span> \n</div> \nWe also encounter =a on manner adverbial demonstratives\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), where there is a natural focus\non the part translating as ‘like this’.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:wandia\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wandia\">[exe:wandia]</a>), where the demonstrative\nis also an answer to a question. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:wandia\" label=\"exe:wandia\"></span> “Tamandi nina?” “Wandi,\nwandia paru!”\ntamandi nina wandi wandi=a paru\nhow grandmother like_this like_this=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘“How, grandmother?’’ “Like this, do like this.”’ \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:kiafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiafoc\">[exe:kiafoc]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bonafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bonafoc\">[exe:bonafoc]</a>), together\nwith(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>) above, show that focus\nmarker =a comes after postpositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nemun se sap=ki=a mara∼mara\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nstick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins=foc</span>\nmove_landwards∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘His mother came walking with a stick.’ <span id=\"exe:kiafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiafoc\"></span> mier pas kahen kon=bon=a min\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> woman tall\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com=foc</span> sleep\n‘She and a tall woman are sleeping.’ <span id=\"exe:bonafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:bonafoc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe clitic =ba is a secondary focus marker found only on\ndemonstratives (example<a href=\"#exe:yuwaba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yuwaba\">[exe:yuwaba]</a>), proper names\n(example<a href=\"#exe:tomib\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tomib\">[exe:tomib]</a>), question word naman ‘who’\nand question word root tama\n(example<a href=\"#exe:puloro\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:puloro\">[exe:puloro]</a>). It is much rarer than\n=a. =ba is often, but not exclusively, used with questions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmungkin dodon-un yuwa=ba neba=ko pue to semen=ko\nmaybe clothes-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph=loc</span> hit right\nconcrete=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘Maybe these clothes of his hit the whatsit, right, the concrete.’\n<span id=\"exe:yuwaba\" label=\"exe:yuwaba\"></span> wat na=ten yuwa naman=a\nyuwa ... Tomi=ba ye\ncoconut consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nTomi=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> or\n‘\\[Someone\\] who is drinking coconut here, who is this, Tomi?’\n<span id=\"exe:tomib\" label=\"exe:tomib\"></span> pulor opa ka tu=ta me\ntama=ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ta</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf that you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:puloro\" label=\"exe:puloro\"></span> \n</div> \nThe meaning of =ba as opposed to =a remains unclear. One also finds\nmixing of the two focus markers, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mantanba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mantanba\">[exe:mantanba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Namana somin?” “Ge o, Tete Mantanba, Tete Loklomin.”\nnaman=a somin ge o tete Mantan=ba tete Loklomin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> die no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> grandfather\nMantan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> grandfather Loklomin\n‘“Who died?’’ “Oh, grandfather Mantan, grandfather Loklomin.”’\n<span id=\"exe:mantanba\" label=\"exe:mantanba\"></span> \n</div> \n=ba is also used in a filler construction consisting of proximal\ndemonstrative wa, =ba and progressive =teba. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok wa=ba=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘He still, eh...’ neba kaman-un, kaman wa=ba=teba\nwhat grass-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> grass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘What kind of grass, grass eh...’ \n</div>\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: That betel leaf that you pounded, which side is it from, from the beach?\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Pulor opa ka tura me tamabadok, oskadok?", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Pulor opa ka tura me tamabadok, oskadok?", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Information structure", "Header 2": "Topic marker me", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:discme\" label=\"sec:discme\"></span>\n<span id=\"sec:clauseinme\" label=\"sec:clauseinme\"></span> Me is a topic\nmarker that follows either the NP/PP or the predicate. A topic marker is\nan “entity that the speaker identifies, about which information (...) is\nthen given” . It is the starting point of an utterance with presupposed\ninformation that is then commented on . When me follows a NP or PP,\nthe NP or PP is topicalised. When me follows the predicate, the whole\nclause is topicalised, for example by making it conditional. Anti-topics\n(specified or reactivated topics) are not marked morphologically, but by\nplacing the anti-topic at the right edge of the clause, as described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>. In the examples in this section,\nthe topicalised constituents are given within square brackets. \nMe can be used after a NP or PP to mark it as the topic in clauses\nwith a verbal (see <a href=\"#exe:metrans\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:metrans\">[exe:metrans]</a>,\n<a href=\"#exe:mepron\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mepron\">[exe:mepron]</a>\nand<a href=\"#exe:mestat\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mestat\">[exe:mestat]</a>), nominal (see\n<a href=\"#exe:menom\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menom\">[exe:menom]</a>), quantifier (see\n<a href=\"#exe:mequant\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mequant\">[exe:mequant]</a>) or locative (see\n<a href=\"#exe:meloc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:meloc\">[exe:meloc]</a>) predicate, but is not\nobligatory in any of these contexts. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme buok=at kuru bara pier=ki bes to\nwoman Netherlands-woman <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nbetel=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span> bring descend\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1du.in=ben</span> good right\n‘The Dutchwoman brought down betel for us, good, right?’ (Context:\nsubject is given but not recently mentioned.) <span id=\"exe:metrans\"\nlabel=\"exe:metrans\"></span> me an se kat percai=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.obj</span>\nbelieve=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for you, I don’t believe you any more.’ <span id=\"exe:mepron\"\nlabel=\"exe:mepron\"></span> ki Tanggor=ka=ta rar \\[Tanggor\\] me\nmambon\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nTanggor=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\ngo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">pl.imp</span> Tanggor\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">exist</span>\n‘You go to Tanggor, at Tanggor there are \\[fish\\].’ (Context: Tanggor is\ngiven, in this very example.) <span id=\"exe:mestat\"\nlabel=\"exe:mestat\"></span> me mungkin berupa jim\nwoman <span class=\"smallcaps\">dist</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> maybe be_a_form_of jinn\n‘That woman is maybe a kind of jinn.’ (Context: description of a\nvideo. The woman has been mentioned; this is a comment about her\nidentity.) <span id=\"exe:menom\" label=\"exe:menom\"></span> me eir\neh\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\ntwo <span class=\"smallcaps\">tag</span>\n‘These are two, right?’ (Context: learning to weave a basket, pointing\nat strips of material in the teacher’s hand.) <span id=\"exe:mequant\"\nlabel=\"exe:mequant\"></span> me kewe-un=ko\nchildren two <span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\nhouse-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=loc</span>\n‘Two children are in their house.’ (Context: frog story. Children have\nbeen mentioned; description of a new page in the book.)\n<span id=\"exe:meloc\" label=\"exe:meloc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe topic marker follows postpositions, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:finbon\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:finbon\">[exe:finbon]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:komeneko\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:komeneko\">[exe:komeneko]</a>). Topicalised objects\nlack object postposition =at\n(example<a href=\"#exe:bobmun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bobmun\">[exe:bobmun]</a>). The topic marker is\ntypically used following NPs or PPs that refer to given referents. It\ncan also topicalise a time adverbial\n(example<a href=\"#exe:ambun\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ambun\">[exe:ambun]</a>). Another way to mark topics,\nwhich may be combined with topic marker me, is fronting of the\ntopicalised constituent (§<a href=\"#sec:leftd\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:leftd\">13.6.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme nat=nin\nArifin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\nMei=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nconsum=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘Arifin and Mei don’t eat.’ <span id=\"exe:finbon\"\nlabel=\"exe:finbon\"></span> me lempuang-tumun wilak=ko me neko\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox.loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> island-child\nsea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> inside\n‘Here, the small island inside the sea.’ <span id=\"exe:komeneko\"\nlabel=\"exe:komeneko\"></span> <sub>Obj</sub> me Bobi emun=a kona\nchildren few <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> Bobi\nmother=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> see\n‘A few children, Bobi’s mother saw \\[them\\].’ <span id=\"exe:bobmun\"\nlabel=\"exe:bobmun\"></span> kier Luis=bon \\[kasur\\] me bo\nsor-sanggara\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2du</span>\nLuis=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com</span> tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> go fish-search\n‘(As for) tomorrow, you and Luis go fishing.’ <span id=\"exe:ambun\"\nlabel=\"exe:ambun\"></span> \n</div> \nMore seldomly, new participants are introduced with me. This is\nlimited to unimportant participants.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:sikank\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sikank\">[exe:sikank]</a>), the cat is introduced; it\nis not mentioned thereafter, and is only used in the story as a prop to\ncreate a slightly threatening atmosphere. In examples of the type\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wameta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wameta\">[exe:wameta]</a>), where properties of\nreferents are described out of context, me is also used, often\ncombined with a demonstrative. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme in=at tiri pareir\ncat one <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1pl.excl=obj</span> run follow\n‘A cat ran after us.’ (Context: a story about going to someone’s house,\nfirst mention of the cat.) <span id=\"exe:sikank\"\nlabel=\"exe:sikank\"></span> me tabusik\ntree <span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> short\n‘This tree is short.’ (Context: no context, elicitation, transl. of\nMalay pohon ini pendek ‘this tree is short’.) <span id=\"exe:wameta\"\nlabel=\"exe:wameta\"></span> \n</div> \nIn a few instances, me marks two referents in the same clause.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:anmed\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:anmed\">[exe:anmed]</a>), the second instance of me\ncould alternately be analysed as a distal demonstrative (but would still\nbe topicalised because it is fronted), but\nin(<a href=\"#exe:lekop\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:lekop\">[exe:lekop]</a>) the analysis seems untlikely\nto fit, as there is already a demonstrative modifying each noun.\nAnalysing me as a definite marker also does not fit, as it does not\nappear consistently on anaphoric definites (referents that have been\nmentioned in the text). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme \\[don\\] me ka an ∅=nin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nthing <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\ngive=<span class=\"smallcaps\">neg</span>\n‘As for me, and as for that thing, you didn’t give \\[it\\] to me.’\n<span id=\"exe:anmed\" label=\"exe:anmed\"></span> me \\[afokat opa\\]\nme kona\ngoat <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> avocado\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nsee\n‘That goat sees those avocados.’ <span id=\"exe:lekop\"\nlabel=\"exe:lekop\"></span> \n</div> \nMe is also very common after the predicate, topicalising the entire\nclause. In most cases, this predicate carries irrealis =et\n(§<a href=\"#sec:et\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:et\">[sec:et]</a>) or non-final =ta\n(§<a href=\"#sec:ta\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:ta\">16.1.4.2</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMustafa esun toni \\[ka ruot=et\\] me kamun naun=saet=in\nMustafa father.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\ndig=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg-proh</span>\nearth=only=<span class=\"smallcaps\">proh</span>\n‘Mustafa’s father said if you go digging, don’t \\[bring\\] earth only.’\n<span id=\"exe:ruretme\" label=\"exe:ruretme\"></span> pulor opa \\[ka\ntu=ta\\] me tama-ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere-<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf \\[that\\] you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:pulor\" label=\"exe:pulor\"></span> newer=i\nkoyet, \\[mindi=ta\\] me mier se marua\npay=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span> finish\nlike_that=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n‘After paying, they went seawards.’ <span id=\"exe:mindita\"\nlabel=\"exe:mindita\"></span> \n</div> \nThe combination of irrealis =et followed by me is also seen in\npre-posed topic constructions as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:eiretme\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:eiretme\">[exe:eiretme]</a>). This is an unusual way\nto present a topic: it is much more common to do so without =et. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nme ma se taraouk\nkind_of_fish two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> store\n‘As for those two siadas, he had already stored \\[them\\].’\n<span id=\"exe:eiretme\" label=\"exe:eiretme\"></span> \n</div> \nTopic marker me is homophonous with distal demonstrative me, and has\nlikely developed from it. Demonstratives are known to develop into topic\nmarkers .[^93] They have also been shown to have clause-combining and\ndiscourse-structuring functions . The Kalamang process of\ngrammaticalisation is likely ongoing, judging by the various uses of\nme sketched in this section, and moving away from a demonstrative use,\njudging by its few occurrences as an ordinary exophoric demonstrative. \nThere are also a considerable number of occurrences of me at the\nbeginning of a clause, whose function cannot be determined based on the\ncurrently available data. There are various possible analyses: it can be\nshort for mera ‘then, so’, mena ‘later, otherwise’, it can be a\nfiller,[^94] or it can be a specific use of topic marker or distal\ndemonstrative me. The following four examples show two subsequent\nutterances each, where the second utterance starts with me. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu toni kasur yuwa=ba seng paku=et\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> want tomorrow\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nroof nail=<span class=\"smallcaps\">irr</span>\n‘They want to nail the roof tomorow.’ me sobas=ta me di=saran\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span>\ndawn=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend\n‘? in the morning, put \\[carry it\\] up.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmier se bara sabua nerunggo\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\ndescend tent inside\n‘They go down into the tent.’ me mu mu=at bon taluk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=obj</span> bring exit\n‘? they bring them out.’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nmu kor opa se duk\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> leg\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ana</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nbump_into\n‘They already bumped that leg into something.’ me mera kasian Rani\nemun toni ...\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> then anyway Rani\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> say\n‘? then anyway, Rani’s mother said...’ \n</div> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nan se mara ki perusahan=ka bot=kin=ta me\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nmove_seawards <span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\ncompany=<span class=\"smallcaps\">lat</span>\ngo=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n‘I went to sea: “Are you going to the mainland \\[lit. to the\ncompany\\]?”’ me an se mara me eh suol-ca se bes o bes mera\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">me</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> move_seawards\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int.quot</span>\nback-<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> good\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n‘? I went to sea like: “How is your back?” “Oh fine, of course.”’ \n</div> \n</div> \nMuch remains to be investigated regarding the exact functions of\nKalamang me. For example, a more thorough analysis is needed to\nunderstand what guides the use vs. non-use of me with new and given\nreferents, with non-verbal predicates, and when combining clauses.\nAlthough me is one of the most frequent words in the corpus, which\nmeans there is a relative wealth of data available, the mechanisms that\nregulate its use seem quite refined, and a more sophisticated analysis\nis therefore outside the scope of this grammar." }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Information structure", "Header 2": "Focus", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:a\" label=\"sec:a\"></span> Focused constituents are those\nwhich the speaker tries to introduce into the discourse , or “essential\npiece\\[s\\] of new information” . Kalamang has two focus markers: the\nenclitics =a and =ba. \nThe enclitic =a is a focus marker that typically attaches to the NP or\nPP. Question words often carry this enclitic and are naturally focused.\nSee(<a href=\"#exe:namana\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namana\">[exe:namana]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:tamatkoa\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tamatkoa\">[exe:tamatkoa]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnaman=a kiem-an yuwa=at kuet\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\nbasket-<span class=\"smallcaps\">1sg.poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=obj</span> bring\n‘Who took my basket?’ <span id=\"exe:namana\" label=\"exe:namana\"></span>\nmu tamatko=a kajie\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> pick\n‘Where did they pick \\[chestnuts\\]?’ <span id=\"exe:tamatkoa\"\nlabel=\"exe:tamatkoa\"></span> \n</div> \nIt is also common for =a to occur on the object in a question-answer\npair like(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>), where obviously the\npiece of new information is that which the interlocutor is asking about,\nkapurui, the name of a dish. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Ki nebara paruotkin?” Mu he toni mu kapurui mera paruotkin.\nki neba=at=a paruot=kin mu se toni mu kapurui met=a paruot=kin\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nwhat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> <span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nsay <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span> kapurui\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.obj=foc</span>\nmake=<span class=\"smallcaps\">vol</span>\n‘“What do you want to make?’’ They said they wanted to make that\nkapurui.’ <span id=\"exe:terques\" label=\"exe:terques\"></span> \n</div> \nWe also encounter =a on manner adverbial demonstratives\n(Chapter<a href=\"#ch:dems\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"ch:dems\">[ch:dems]</a>), where there is a natural focus\non the part translating as ‘like this’.\nConsider(<a href=\"#exe:wandia\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wandia\">[exe:wandia]</a>), where the demonstrative\nis also an answer to a question. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:wandia\" label=\"exe:wandia\"></span> “Tamandi nina?” “Wandi,\nwandia paru!”\ntamandi nina wandi wandi=a paru\nhow grandmother like_this like_this=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\ndo.<span class=\"smallcaps\">imp</span>\n‘“How, grandmother?’’ “Like this, do like this.”’ \n</div> \n(<a href=\"#exe:kiafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:kiafoc\">[exe:kiafoc]</a>)\nand(<a href=\"#exe:bonafoc\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:bonafoc\">[exe:bonafoc]</a>), together\nwith(<a href=\"#exe:terques\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:terques\">[exe:terques]</a>) above, show that focus\nmarker =a comes after postpositions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nemun se sap=ki=a mara∼mara\nmother.<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">iam</span>\nstick=<span class=\"smallcaps\">ins=foc</span>\nmove_landwards∼<span class=\"smallcaps\">prog</span>\n‘His mother came walking with a stick.’ <span id=\"exe:kiafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:kiafoc\"></span> mier pas kahen kon=bon=a min\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3du</span> woman tall\none=<span class=\"smallcaps\">com=foc</span> sleep\n‘She and a tall woman are sleeping.’ <span id=\"exe:bonafoc\"\nlabel=\"exe:bonafoc\"></span> \n</div> \nThe clitic =ba is a secondary focus marker found only on\ndemonstratives (example<a href=\"#exe:yuwaba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:yuwaba\">[exe:yuwaba]</a>), proper names\n(example<a href=\"#exe:tomib\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tomib\">[exe:tomib]</a>), question word naman ‘who’\nand question word root tama\n(example<a href=\"#exe:puloro\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:puloro\">[exe:puloro]</a>). It is much rarer than\n=a. =ba is often, but not exclusively, used with questions. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nmungkin dodon-un yuwa=ba neba=ko pue to semen=ko\nmaybe clothes-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">ph=loc</span> hit right\nconcrete=<span class=\"smallcaps\">loc</span>\n‘Maybe these clothes of his hit the whatsit, right, the concrete.’\n<span id=\"exe:yuwaba\" label=\"exe:yuwaba\"></span> wat na=ten yuwa naman=a\nyuwa ... Tomi=ba ye\ncoconut consume=<span class=\"smallcaps\">at</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox</span>\nTomi=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> or\n‘\\[Someone\\] who is drinking coconut here, who is this, Tomi?’\n<span id=\"exe:tomib\" label=\"exe:tomib\"></span> pulor opa ka tu=ta me\ntama=ba-kadok os-kadok\nbetel_leaf <span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg</span>\npound-<span class=\"smallcaps\">ta</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\nwhere=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span>-side beach-side\n‘That betel leaf that you were pounding, on which side is it, on the\nbeach-side?’ <span id=\"exe:puloro\" label=\"exe:puloro\"></span> \n</div> \nThe meaning of =ba as opposed to =a remains unclear. One also finds\nmixing of the two focus markers, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mantanba\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mantanba\">[exe:mantanba]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n“Namana somin?” “Ge o, Tete Mantanba, Tete Loklomin.”\nnaman=a somin ge o tete Mantan=ba tete Loklomin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> die no\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">emph</span> grandfather\nMantan=<span class=\"smallcaps\">foc</span> grandfather Loklomin\n‘“Who died?’’ “Oh, grandfather Mantan, grandfather Loklomin.”’\n<span id=\"exe:mantanba\" label=\"exe:mantanba\"></span> \n</div> \n=ba is also used in a filler construction consisting of proximal\ndemonstrative wa, =ba and progressive =teba. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nma tok wa=ba=teba\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span> still\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘He still, eh...’ neba kaman-un, kaman wa=ba=teba\nwhat grass-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span> grass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">prox=foc=prog</span>\n‘What kind of grass, grass eh...’ \n</div>" } ], "index": 97, "level": "low_resource", "question": "That betel leaf that you pounded, which side is it from, from the beach?", "split": "train" }
An sadawan yuwa me karaonggis.	My machete is blunt.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: My machete is blunt.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"My\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: tray\nKalamang translation: talam\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"My\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sixty\nKalamang translation: putraman\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"machete\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: machine noise\nKalamang translation: nu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"machete\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: machete\nKalamang translation: sadawak; sedawak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Aru islands\nKalamang translation: Dobu\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"is\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: there is\nKalamang translation: mambon\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"blunt\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: blurry\nKalamang translation: katem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"blunt\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: blunt\nKalamang translation: karaonggis\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"My\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My bag has disappeared.\nKalamang translation: Tasan he gosomin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"My\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My heart is broken.\nKalamang translation: Minan karaok.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"machete\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father's machete broke.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun me sadawaun se kawarcie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"machete\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mayor's machete is sharp.\nKalamang translation: Mayor sadawaun me kang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: There is a lot of dog poop at Kiaba.\nKalamang translation: Bal kiet me Kiaba me reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"is\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Bilal's father is putting his canoe out.\nKalamang translation: Bilal esun et me di kolko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"blunt\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The sky is brightening, then it will be blue.\nKalamang translation: Kisileng se bo barsi, eba welenggap.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"blunt\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: My aunt went to Gorom.\nKalamang translation: Ema anggon cauna Walakangga bara.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:schwa\" label=\"sec:schwa\"></span> In fast or casual speech,\n/a/ and especially /e/ in unstressed syllables\n(§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>) are commonly reduced to\n\\[ə\\]. If both /e/ and /a/ occur in unstressed syllables, as in\nsedawak ‘machete’, only /e/ is reduced. Examples are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:menadu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menadu\">[exe:menadu]</a>). \n\\[ma.ˈna.du\\] ∼ \\[mə.ˈna.du\\] ‘taro’\n\\[ga.ˈla\\] ∼ \\[gə.ˈla\\] ‘spear’\n\\[ka.niŋ.go.ˈni.e\\] ∼ \\[ka.niŋ.go.ˈni.ə\\] ‘nine’\n\\[se.da.ˈwak̚\\] ∼ \\[sə.da.ˈwak̚\\] ‘machete’\n\\[pe.ˈlɛr\\] ∼ \\[pə.ˈlɛr\\] ‘mast’ <span id=\"exe:menadu\"\nlabel=\"exe:menadu\"></span> \nExactly under which circumstances reduction to /ə/ takes place in\nKalamang is a question for further research. Next to speech style and\nstress, there are many other possible factors, such as syllable type,\nposition in the word and frequency of the word (cf. ).\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: My machete is blunt.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "An sadawan yuwa me karaonggis.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "An sadawan yuwa me karaonggis.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Wordlist", "Header 2": "Wordlist Kalamang-English", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\na’a \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nade \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nafukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\najar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naknar kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nakpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\al* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalanganrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nalkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nAlmahera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam belun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nam perun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\namdir komaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\namkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-an \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nanahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nandain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nAndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggas padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nanka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nanting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nArabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\naragadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narekmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\naremun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\narep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narerara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\narwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\as* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nasaskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nasokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=at \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\natau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nator \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=ba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaki Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalaok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbalikawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBaliwawa Anggasun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbalkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaluku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbanku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbarahala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=barak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbarala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbaranggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbareireimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbarotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nbaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbataku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang iriskapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbawang kerkapten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbayas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbebak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbekiemkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nBeladar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelajar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbelbel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\nbet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nbiasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbiawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbintulak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbirbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nboda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbolkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbolodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nbolon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nbon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=bon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nbonaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbonasau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboncis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nborma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nborun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbotal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nboubou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nboukbouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga arun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga kupukupu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbunga rampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbungbung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuok teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbuokbuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nbuoksarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nburbur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nBurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbusbus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbustang posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nbut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gram</span>\n-ca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-cam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncangkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ce \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncengki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ncici \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncigi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ncoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ncok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ndadir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndagim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndakdak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaladala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndalangdalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaluang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndamar lelak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDamartimtim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndandang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndareok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndaruon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ndauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndaun salam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndedesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndelepdelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndesil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndi= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ndidir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndidiras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndikolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndilurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin paras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndin songsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndinan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nDistrik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndiwadiwal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDobu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndodon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-dok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ndoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndokadoka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon konkonin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ndon penpen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon pernanan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndon yuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndonenet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndonselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ndorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndowi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nDuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndudin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndumang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\dun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nduran walanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ndurcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ndurma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neba \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\neba metko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\necua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n-ei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neiruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neksuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\elak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelao \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nelkin narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nElkorom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nema \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nema temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemgokuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nemguk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemsan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nemumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nemun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nenem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nenemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\ep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neranun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\neren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nerteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\neruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEsa Tanggiun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\neskop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesmumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nesnemtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\et* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n-et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\net \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=et \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\netaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\netkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\neun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nEwarong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\newawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\newun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfakurat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfarlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiber \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfikfika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nfiloit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nfoto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ngading \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngaim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngampang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-gan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ngang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngantor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaros \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngarumbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngawar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngayam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nge mera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngedung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngeigar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngelembung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngelemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ngenggalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngenggueng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngeries emun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngerket \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nget me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ngiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ngier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngierkawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngigiwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngirgir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngiriaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngiringgining \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngo \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ngo dung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo ginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo git \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo sir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngo yuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ngobukbuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngocie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngodarung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngodelep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngogit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngokabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ngol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ngonggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngonggong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngonggung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\gor* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGoras Panuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGos Ketkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngosomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nGowien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngowienkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngoyas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguadang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ngual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguanggarien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nguap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngulasi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngunting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nguru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ngusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nha \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nhabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhajiwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhalus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhanduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhanya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhari minggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nharus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nhi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nhidup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nholang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nhukat narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\ni- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\n=i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-i \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-ier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nih \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim pawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim polun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sarawuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim selen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim sontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nim yuol putkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimanana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nimbuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nime \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nimol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=in \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ninamurin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nindain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ningatan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nInggrismang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ninhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ninye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nirausi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\niriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\niriskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nirong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nisis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niskor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistirahat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nistrat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nistup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\niwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\niwora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\njabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\njadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njangkut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njanji \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njarutu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nJawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njawab \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njendela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\njim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njojon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\njonsong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=ka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkababa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkababur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkabarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabaruap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kotamtam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabaruap kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabor lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkaborko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkabornar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKabuep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkabun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaburun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkacok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkademor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden kieskies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaden lalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkadenenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-kadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahalongkahalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahamanpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahaminpat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkahetma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai kawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai manis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai modar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkai taul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkainasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaipur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaituki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkajie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamang lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKalamangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalar \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkalawen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalifan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalis sasarawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nkalis tanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalkalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkalolang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalomlomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaloum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkalour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalsum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkalung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamanget \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkambanau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKambur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel kir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamel muradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkamfor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamuamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkamung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nkanai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanaisasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanas kolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKanastangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKandarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggaran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangginwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir nenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir pop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggir pulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggir saun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggirnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggisawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangguar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggursau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkanggurun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangjie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkangkanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkangun nerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-kaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkanung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapapet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkapuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarabar Lempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarabubu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarajang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaramba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarames \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaramun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaran \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaranjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkaraonggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkararcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkarariem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkararma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkararu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarebar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarek ewun saerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkareng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariakibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkariemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKaringgoris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaropkarop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarotkarot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKarumar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkaryak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasabiti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasalong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKasambil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasamin naun getgetkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasawari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasawircie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkasawirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nKasiang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kasir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaskas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkasotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkastupi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkasuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkasut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkataperor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkatem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkatuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkaul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawalawalan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaram boldinggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaramleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkaware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkawarsuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawaruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkawetkawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawiawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkawuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkawuok kahahen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayakat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkayu nani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nke \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkecap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedederet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkedua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeibar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirkeir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeirko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\keit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkeitkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeitpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKelengkeleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelikeli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam elaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam taun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelkam toktok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkelkampos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkelua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkeluer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKemana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkemanurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkememe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkeraira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerker \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nketemu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkewe padenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=ki \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n\\kia* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKiaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibi karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibibal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkibis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkidi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiekter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kiel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiel kierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkielun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiempanait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nkiemsunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\kies* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkies koladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieskon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkietpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkietpo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkieun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkilibobang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=kin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n=kin \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nKindius \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkinkinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkipkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nkirarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkisileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=ko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nko= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkoalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobelen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkobes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkodaet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkodak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkoder \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkodi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkofir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nkoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nkokada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokarap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKokas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkokir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkokoak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokok narun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkokour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\kol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoliep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolkol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkolkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkolpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolpis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoltengteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkolu welek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomahal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomanggangguop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomanggasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomasasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomayeki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomelek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomeri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkomister \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomisternin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkomurkomur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkon tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkonamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonasur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkondisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkonenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=kongga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-konggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkonggareor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkonggelem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=konggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nkonyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkopol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkor kawar mat kalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoramtolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoraruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkorel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorgi marmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkancing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorkies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorkor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkormul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkornambi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkorparokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkortaptap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkorus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkosansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosiaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosilep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkosom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKota Laut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkotipol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkotur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkouran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nkoutpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkowarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowarwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkowewep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyelcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkoyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkoyos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkualitek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkuawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubalbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkubirar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkucai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkudakuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nKueimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKuek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nKui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkukis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulikuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulkabok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumbai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n\\kun* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuotpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkupkup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nkurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nkurua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nkuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nkusukusu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nlabis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlabu siam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nladan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlajarang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlaksasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaluon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlameli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamora kasamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlampur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlamut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlanggour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlanggulanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangjut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlangsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlangsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLapangan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlapas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlapor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlasiambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlauk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlaut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlawilawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlawuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlayier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlebai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nlebaleba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlebe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleit pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlek nabonabon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlemat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlembaga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlempuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLempuangtumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlemyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nleng dek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nlenggalengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLenggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nLengleng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepalepa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlepir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlerang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nlewat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlicing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nlidan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlinggis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nliti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nLoflof \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlohar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nLokpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlokul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlolouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloncing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopalopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlopteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlosing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nloup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nlusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi muaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nlusi pep jiejie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nm’m \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nma= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nma cicaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nma he me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nma temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmabuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmadong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmagarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-mahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMahem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmahutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaikat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMalaimang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaliap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmalkesi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmalu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmama temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmambara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmambon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMamika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanadu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmanggamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanggang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmanggaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmanggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMania \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nManiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktambang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaniktapuri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmanyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaorek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmaraok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmarmar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasikit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasinul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasoi \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nmasok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmasoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasriku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmasu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata bulang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmata dimdim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatan sena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmatur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nMauka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmaulcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmaulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nmawal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmawin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmayilma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nmecua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeja \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeleluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nmencari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmendak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmengerti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmenyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nmera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmeraraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmerengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmeresawuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmesan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmesang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmiabes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmiasen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nmier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmindi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nming \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nminggaruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminggi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nminggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmingtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmintolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nminum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mir* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmirik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmirkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nmisilmisil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nmok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmomar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmonkaret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmormor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmososor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmosun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmotor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur kunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuap sabur sangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuapsabursanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuawaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuawese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmuawesese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmudi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuhutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmuisese \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmujim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmukmuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\mul* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMulmul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmulunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmun sunsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nMunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-mur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmuradik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmurain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nmurkumkum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmursambuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nmusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmustika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nmutil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nna= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnabaca \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabalas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaberuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabestai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnabestai bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnabobar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnabulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacerita \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnacoba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadorong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnadou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafaduli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafafat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnafikir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagaris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnageiding \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnagepi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnahimat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnahitung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\nak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnak= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnakabung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakafan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakal pokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnakirim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakucak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnakukus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaladur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnalat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaloli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaluar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nam* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamakin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnaman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamangadap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasawuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnambiain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamenyasal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamgon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnamusi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-nan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnanaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nnanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-naninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\nnaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnapaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaparis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapasang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnapinjang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaputus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\nar* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nnar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaramas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarampas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarasaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnares \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nNarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nnaroman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarorik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaruba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnarur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasabir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasalen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasalik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasambung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasandar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasangginggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasanggur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasawawi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaseduk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnasibur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasirang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasiwik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasomit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasuena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnasula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnasusun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatanda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatangkis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatawar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatekin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatobat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatukar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatulis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatumis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnatunggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnau= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnauanona \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaubes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauhalar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukaia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaukia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaukiaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnaulanggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnauleluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaun kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnaunin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaupar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnaurar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnausair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnauwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnauwar tamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnauware \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawali \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawanggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nnawarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawarir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnawaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawerar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnawot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnayie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-ne \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nneba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nnebara paruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nnebidangat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnebir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nneko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnemies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n\\ner* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnerunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nnewas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnewer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=nin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nnina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnokin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnoknok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnumur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnunggununggu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nnunun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nnyanyi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\no \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\n=o \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nododa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nofin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noh \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\noioi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nokmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\ol* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nolol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nolun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nonda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nongkos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nopa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopa yuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nopatun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nora \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noronggos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\norun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos barikbarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nos kibi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOs Tumun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nosep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\noskeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\noskol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nosmarera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nospulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nOstem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nowatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n-p \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabalet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npabie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npabiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadamual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden raor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaden tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadewaden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npadi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npahercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npaherma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaisor kesun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak mangmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak talawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npak tubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nPakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npakpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npaksanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npale \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanci \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npandoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggatpanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggawangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanggut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanok mecuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npanokpanok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npanpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparambura \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparamua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparamuang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparansik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nparar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nParar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npararuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dv</span>\npareinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npareir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparenta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparitman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparlu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nparuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nparuowaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasarom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasienggara bot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasier up \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npasierbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npaskot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npasparin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npatin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npatin ter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPatipi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npau \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npawan tabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npayiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n-pe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npearip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npebis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPebis Ruomun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\pel* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelalang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npelelu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeler \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npenyakit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npenyakit kat nanetkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\npep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepgor Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPepmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kerkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper kuskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper natawarten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper paiwai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper pasirwasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nper taluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nperbol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\npertam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nperusahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npesawesa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npeti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npihutak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npikiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npinaninggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npingan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPinggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npirain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\npirawilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-pis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nPisor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npitisnaharen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npokpok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npolkayak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nponggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nporkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nposiwosi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npotpot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npoun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\poup* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npoupkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nPour \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npous \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npowar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npue \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npueselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulisi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulkiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\npulor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npulpulkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npulseka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npungpunggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\pur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\npur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npuraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\npurir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npurir ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\npururu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\npusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\npusir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\put* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaninggonie talin kaninggonie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkansuor talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggansuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggaruok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkaruok talinir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba ap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba eir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba karuok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputkon ba kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nputramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\n=r \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nra \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram kolkemkem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram parokparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nram tomtom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nramandalin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrambu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrami \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nramie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nran mian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrangrang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nranti \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nraorko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrapat \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \nRarait \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrasemsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrawarawa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nregil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nreidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreidaksawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nrein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreingge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreirap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n\\reit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreitkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nreon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nrep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrerer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nresan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-rip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nripi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nripion \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nririn \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nroba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrobaherkiem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrobaherpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrombongan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrontang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror buabua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror garta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror iriskap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror kulun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror soren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nror tabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrorkarok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nroung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nroye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar bodaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar kanggir nungnung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruar tagirigiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrum timbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruma tangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nRumbati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrumrum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nruom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\rur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nrur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nrusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nrusinggain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSabaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabtu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsadawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaerak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=saet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaidak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaimbumbu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsairarar ladok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsakarip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalaboung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nsalak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalamat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalawat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalawei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsalir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsalout \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsamameng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsamor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsampai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsampi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsamsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSamuret \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanamsanam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsandal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsangganggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsangganun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggeran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsanggien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nsanggoup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanggoyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsanong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsansa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsansan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsanual \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsar kararok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaramburung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaramin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit kuskapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaranggeit taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarbal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsare \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaria \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsarieng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSarik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsaroum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarsar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsarusarut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsasarem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsasep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasirip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsaun lat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsausaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsawalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaluo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsawarer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSawarersalot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsawawien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=sawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nsayang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang bungaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang naun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang tangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayang teun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayangar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsayerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">part</span>\nse \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nse koyet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsebua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsebuaror \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsedawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsehingga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSeiman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSekar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsekola \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsektabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSelagur Wadan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselasa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nselet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseletma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nselinku \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsembamsembam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSemena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsemerlak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsempang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsemsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-sen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nsenen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsengseng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsensur caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepatu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsepeda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nser \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nsere \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere kokokteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere sorun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsere taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSerem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nserun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseser \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nseser serein \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nset \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nseur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSewa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiabor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiada \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsialar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiamar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsie \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n\\siep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiepsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsietan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsieun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsika polipoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikasika \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsikekan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsiktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiktaktak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsikuki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsileng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\silep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsilepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsililar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsingasingat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggitkit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsinggoli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiput babi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsiriar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsirie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsirisiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisiapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsisir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsitai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsiwani \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsobas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsoksok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsol karek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsolim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsome \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nsomganien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsomkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsomsom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontum warten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumahap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontumkabas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsontur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsopsop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor kinggirkinggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor pespes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsor sira \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsorbir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSorung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsou \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsoul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsowil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSowir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuagi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nSuagibaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuamin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuarkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsubuman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsudaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuelet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuensik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nSui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsukaun ge \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nsumsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsunak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsungsung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nSuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuoktal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuolkerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuopkaling \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsuosuo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsupaya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nsusa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusia \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nsusumandu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsusur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nsusurofa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nsuwarma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=ta \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntaba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tabak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaktabak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabalaki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalaki atan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntabarak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntabaruop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaberak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabili \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabuonsal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntabusik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntadorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntadorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntaer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=taero \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n=taet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntagarar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntagier \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntagir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagir polas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurewun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntagurpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntahan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntai- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaikongkong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-tain \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\ntair \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tak* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntakurera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalawak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\talep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntalepko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaluk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\n-taman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntamandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamatil \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamawis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\ntamba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTamisen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntamun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan kasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntan laus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanamera \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanbes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\n\\tang* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntanggal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggalip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTanggor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanggul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntangguorcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntangguorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntangkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanisa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparoemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok penden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntanparok raorkadok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntansahadat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntantayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaokang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntapal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntapong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntapukan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n=tar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tara* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara emnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntara esnem \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarakok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarakues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarangin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraouk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarapa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntararar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaraun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntarian \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntarima \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaru \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTarus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntata kolak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanina \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntataninanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatanus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntatapang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukanggir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaukon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tauna \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntaungtaung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\taur* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntaurkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntawara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntawie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTawotkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntawotma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\ntayuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nte \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n-te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\n=te \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\n=teba \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\ntebol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntebolsuban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tebon* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntebonggan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteiran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\teit* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteitei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntektek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelenggues \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntelin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntelpon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteltel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tem* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemgerun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemtemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntemun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\n-ten \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adj</span>\ntenaun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\ntenenun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggelele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntenggeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntenggenggen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntengguen \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntengun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nteok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tep* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf</span>\ntepeles \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntepkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntepner \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nter \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterar kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterarkeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntermus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterunggo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nterus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntete \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteteris \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntetetas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nteya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntibobi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\ntik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntikninda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\tim* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimbang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTiminepnep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntimun sobangun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nting \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntiri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTitibua Karimun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nto \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntobutobur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\ntok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntok bes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntok tok \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntokatokan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokitoki \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntokta me \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\ntoktok \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntolaspak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntolcie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntolma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTomage \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntompat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggarai \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTonggatonggar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTorkuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntororo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntorpes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntoungtoung \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntowari \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntua \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntuaringgiar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\ntuaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntuatkur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntubak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nTuburasap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \ntumun canam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun miskinden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntumun pas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n=tun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\ntun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntunggarek \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntunggin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\ntup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\ntur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nturing \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nTuwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuda \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nugar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nukir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nukuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuli \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulpom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nultom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nulur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\numat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n-un \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span> ()\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">pro</span>\n-un \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun= \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">gramm</span>\nun kawer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunana \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunapi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunganggie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nUninsinei \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nunkoryap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunmasir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nunsor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuntuk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nupsa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur kirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nur temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nuran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nurap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nureren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nurukmang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nusar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nusiep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nuspulpul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nut \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">qnt</span>\nutkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nUtun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwais \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwakpol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaktu \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nwalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalaka \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWalakamang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalalom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalawala \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwalor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwalorteng \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWambar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\n\\wan* \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwandiwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwangga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nWanggaruar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanggon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwanggongon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwangguwanggus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWanim \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwanir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nWap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwar pasierkip \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaranggeit \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwariam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaring \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkasom \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarkin garos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin kararak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin laur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin nasesak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarkin tararup \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nwarpas \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwarum \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwaruo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwarwar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwasorak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kabur \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat karoraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat kawaren \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwat kerkapkap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat pasor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sarenden \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwat sasul \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nwatman \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwatwat \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweinun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwel \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWelangguni \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelawela \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwele \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwelenggap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwenawena \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenawena eun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwenggam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerpati \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nWerwaras \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwerwer \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwestal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nweswes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwewar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwien \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar saruam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwienar tebolkin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiercie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nwierun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwiet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwilak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwinyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwirma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwis \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwise \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwiseme \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nwol \n() <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> () <span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \nwolnelebor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwororoi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa caun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwowa temun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuar sisiarun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nwuong \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorma \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nwuorwuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span> \n</div> \n<div class=\"multicols\"> \n2\\[\\]\nya \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nya aula \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyaban \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakarek taraun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop leirun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyakop posun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyalyal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyam \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyap \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyap seran \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar kangkang \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyar loupkaning \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyaralus \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkanyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarkawaram \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarmunmun \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarnener \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpan \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyarpos \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYarpos Kon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyartep \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyasin \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyatal \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawarnak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyawe \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawengga \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawet \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawetko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyawir \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nye \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">cnj</span>\nyecie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyes \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyeso \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyie \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyies \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyo \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyopyop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nYorre \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyu- \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyume \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyumene \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuol tama \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">q</span>\nyuolyuol \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vt</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon ba mintolmaretkon \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuon daruk \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon monpak \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon nawariri \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuon sara \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">phrs</span>\nyuopyuop \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">v</span>\nyuor \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span>\nyuorsik \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">vi</span>\nyuot \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span>\nyuwa \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwandi \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">adv</span>\nyuwane \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuwatko \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dem</span>\nyuyui \n<span class=\"smallcaps\">n</span> \n</div> \na big one \na little \na long time ago \nabove \nachilles heel \nadd \n;\nadjust \nadopted \nafraid \nafternoon \n; ;\nagain \n; ;\naged \nagr \nalgae \nalive \n;\nall \n; ; ;\nall people \nalone \n;\nalone; apart \nambarella \nanchor \n; ;\nand then \nanemone fish \nangel; curse \nangelfish \nangry \n; ; ;\nankle \nankle bone \nanother \nanother place \nanswer \n;\nant \nAntalisa \nantidote; resistant \nanus \nanything \nanyway; whatever; poor \nappear \napproximately \nArguni people \naril; mace \nark clam \narm and hand \narmpit \narrange \narrive \narrow \nAru islands \nas long as \nascend; climb \nashes \nask \nask permission to leave \nask; call \nasparagus bean \nat an angle \nat its place \n(at) night \naunt \n; ; ; ; ; ;\navocado \naxe \n;\nbachelor; young \nback \n; ;\nback and forth \nback of boat \nback of knee \nback; tail \nbackbone, spine \nbackside \nbad \nbag \n;\nbait \nbake \nball \n;\nbamboo \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nbamboo comb \nbamboo floor \nbamboo string \nbamboo wall \nbanana \nbanana leaf \nbanana sap \nBanda Islands \nbark \n; ; ;\nbarracuda \nbarrel \n;\nbasket \n; ;\nbasket rope \nbasket; sieve \nbastard valerian \nbatfish \nbathe \nbe angry \nbe full \nbe lazy \nbe noisy \nbe shy \nbe silent \nbe sorry \nbe stuck \nbe tired \nbe careful on your way \nbe cut \nbe high \nbeach \nbeach edge \nbeach name \nbeach.name \nbead \nbeam \n;\nbean \nbeard \nbecause \nbecause; after all \nbeckon \nbecome \nbedbug \nbedroom \nbee-eater \n;\nbee; honey \nbeehive \nbeer \nbeetle; grub \nbefore too long \nbehind \n;\nbench \nbend \nbend down; kneel \nbent \nbeside \nbetel \nbetel fruit \nbetel nut \nbetel stem \nbetel vine \nbetel; betel nut \nbetter \nbig \n; ;\nbig bamboo type \nbig heap \nbig loin cloth \nbig one(s) \nbig.shell \nbike \nbilimbi \nbira \nbird \n; ; ;\nbird of paradise \nbite \nbitter \nbivalve \nblack \nblack ant \nblack butcherbird \nblack potato \nblack-spotted stingray \nbladder \nblind \nblink \n; ;\nblock \n;\nblood \nblossom \nblouze; shirt \nblow \nblue-spotted stingray \nblue; green \nblunt \nblurry \nbody \n;\nbody fat \nbody hair \nboil \n;\nboil \nboiler \nBomberai inlander \nbone \nbook \nborder \n;\nborrow \nbother \nbottle \nbottom \n; ;\nboulder \nbounce \nbounce off \nbow \nbow planks \nbox \nboxfish \nbracelet \nbrackish \nbrackish water \nbrahmini kite \nbraid \nbranch \n; ;\nbranch; stem \nbreadfruit \nbreak \n; ; ;\nbreak down \nbreak fast \n;\nbreak off a branch; pick fruits \nbreak; fold \nbreast \nbreast milk \nbrick \nbride price \nbridled monocle bream \nbring \n; ;\nbroken \n;\nbroken branch \nbrown; grey \nbrush turkey \nbubble \n;\nbud \nbulky \nbull/reef shark \nbunch \nbundle \n;\nBurewun \nburn \n; ;\nBuruwai \nbury \nbusily \nbut \n;\nbutcherbirds \nButon \nbutterfly \nbutterflyfish \ncalf of leg \ncall out \ncall names \ncall; call out \ncalm \ncalm sea \ncan \n;\ncandlenut \ncane \ncannonball tree \ncannot \ncanoe \ncanoe plank \ncap \ncape \ncare \ncarry \n;\ncarry living being on back \ncarry on back \ncarry on shoulders \ncarve \ncassava \ncassowary \ncasuarina (tree) \ncat \ncatapult \ncatch \ncaterpillar \ncaught with fear \ncause to snap \ncave \ncement floor \ncentipede \nchain \nchainsaw \nchair \nchange \n; ; ; ;\ncharcoal \nchase \nchase; follow; hunt \nchat; tell a story \nchayote \ncheat \ncheck \ncheek \nchest \nchestnut \nchew \nchew betel \nchewy; tense \nchicken \nchicken egg \nchild \nchilli \nchisel \n;\nchiton \nchop \n;\nchristian \ncicada \ncircle \ncircumcise \ncivet cat \nclam \nclamp \nclaw \nclaw; scratch \nclay \nclean pandanus \nclear \n; ; ;\nclear land \ncleared \ncleared forest \nclimb \nclose \n; ; ;\nclose eyes \nclose off with plank \nclose roof \ncloth \n;\ncloud \n;\nclove tree \nclown triggerfish \nclub \n;\ncockatoo \ncockroach \ncockspur coral tree \ncoconut \n; ; ;\ncoconut leaf \ncoconut leaf midrib \ncoconut scraper \ncoconut shell \n;\ncoffee \n;\ncoil \ncoiled \ncold \ncold evening wind \ncollar bone \ncollect \ncollect water \ncomb \n;\ncome \n; ;\ncome.out \ncommand \ncompact; smooth \ncompany \ncompletely opened \nconcave side \nconcha \nconcrete \ncondition \n;\ncone shell \nconfirmation \nconfused; bothered \nconnect \nconsent; like \nconsume \ncontainer \ncontinue \n;\nconvex side \ncook \n; ;\ncooked \ncooking.utensil \ncoral \ncoral reef \ncoral stones \ncoral.shore \ncormorant \ncorner \ncornetfish \ncotton \n;\ncough \ncount \n;\ncousin \ncover; dress \ncow \ncrab \n;\ncrawl \n;\ncrawl; slither \ncrocodile \ncrooked \ncross-cousin \ncrossed arms/legs \ncrow \ncrowned pigeon \ncrush \ncrushed \ncry \n;\ncry for \ncuckoo \ncucumber \ncup \ncurse \n; ; ;\ncurtain \ncuscus \ncustom \ncut \n; ; ; ; ;\ncut a coconut; break \ncut diagonally \ncut down a tree; cut \ncut off \ncut out \ncut throat \ncut branch \ncut string; take a shortcut \ncut; split \ndamselfish \ndance \n;\ndangle \ndark \ndarkness \ndarter \ndaughter \ndawn \nday \n; ; ;\nday after tomorrow \nday before yesterday \ndead \n;\ndeaf \ndebt \ndeep \n;\ndeep sea \ndeep seawater \ndeer \ndefecate \n; ;\ndemon \ndent \ndented \ndescend \ndestroy \ndew \ndibble stick \ndie \n;\ndifficult \n;\ndig \ndiligent \ndirectly \ndirt \ndirty \ndisappeared \ndisease \ndish \ndistal demonstrative \n; ; ; ;\ndisturb; mix \ndive \ndivide \n;\ndo tenggelele \ndo; make \n;\ndo; try \ndock \ndoes not want \ndog \ndolphin \ndoor \ndoorpost \ndove-like birds \ndown \ndowry \ndozen \ndrag \ndragonfish; filefish \ndragonfly \ndraw a line; mark \ndraw line \ndream \ndrill \n;\ndrink \ndrinking water \ndrivers \ndrizzle, light rain \ndrool \ndrop \n; ; ; ;\ndrum \n; ;\ndrunk \ndry \n; ; ; ;\ndry in the sun \ndry season \ndrying rack \nduck \ndugong \ndurian \ndusk \neagle \n;\near \near opening \nearlier \nearlobe \nearly morning \nearrings \n;\nearth oven \nearthenware vase \nearthquake \nearthworm \nearwax \neast \neast of Karas \neast-side \neast season \neast; east wind; wet season \neastern koel \neat \n; ;\nedge \n; ; ; ; ; ;\neel \n; ; ;\negg \negg; seed \neggplant \neight \neighty \nelbow \neleven \nembers \n;\nemerge \nemperor fish \nempty place \nEnglish \nentangled \nenter \nenvelope \nerect \nEsa Tanggiun \neven if \n;\never \nexactly \nexample \nexceed \nexclusively \nexcrete \nexit; fruit \nexpel \n; ;\nexpenses \nexplode \n;\nextend on floor \nextinguish; kill \neye \neyelashes \neyelid \nface \n; ;\nfacial hair \nfaeces \nFakfak people \nFakfak person \nFakfak (town) \nfall \n; ; ;\nfall over \nfalling of fruit \nfalling and making a sound \nfall; crash \nfalling of leaves \nfamily \nfamily name \nfan \nFaor \nfar; tall; long \nfart \nfast \nFatar \nfather; adult man; uncle \nfathom \nfeather \n;\nfeel \nfeel cold \nfeel good \nfeel uncomfortable \nfemale infant \nfemale; woman \nfence \nfern \nfew \n;\nfibre boat \nfifteen \nfifty \nfig \nfight \n; ;\nfile clam \nfill \nfilm; photo \nfilter \nfind; meet \nfinger \n;\nfingernail \nfinish \nfinished \n;\nfire \nfire burning \nfirefly \n; ;\nfireplace \nfirewood \nfirewood \nfirst \nfirstborn \nfish \nfish at sea \nfish cage \nfish in low water \nfish leftovers \nfish net \n;\nfish scales \nfish trap \n;\nfish place \nfishbone \nfishing hook \nfishing line \n;\nfit \nfive \nfive hundred \nflames \nflank \nflea thing \nflee \nflip \nflipped \nfloat \nflower \n;\nflowing water \nflute \nfly \n;\nfly around \nfly off \nflycatcher \nflying fish \nfoam \nfog; snow \nfoggy; snow \nfold \n; ;\nfollow \nfontanelle \nfood \nfoothill \nfootprint \nfootsole \nfor \nforce \nforehead \nforget \nforty \nforty-one \nfoundation \n;\nfour \nFriday \nfried coconut \nfriend \n;\nfrigatebird \nfrog \nfrom outside \nfront \n; ;\nfront (of a boat) \nfruit \n; ; ; ; ;\nfruit bat \nfruit set \nfruit-dove \nfry \nfrying pan \nfull \nfull moon \nfurther \nfusilier \ngado-gado \ngallbladder \ngame \n;\ngarden \ngarlic \ngathered \ngecko \nget \nget better \nget married \n;\nget rid of \nget; buy \nghost \ngiant \ngiant trevally \ngills \nginger \nginger-like root \ngive \ngive back \ngive birth \n;\ngive packed food \nglass \n; ;\nglasses \nglassy sweeper \ngo \ngo backwards \ngo quickly \ngo to mosque; hold service \ngo out \ngo to school \ngoal \ngoat \ngoatfish \ngold \ngolden trevally \ngong \n;\ngood \ngood luck with fishing \ngood wish \ngoosebumps \nGorom \nGoromese \n;\ngrab \n; ;\ngrandchild; grandparent \ngranddaughter \ngrandfather \n; ;\ngrandfather; man \ngrandmother \n;\ngrandmother; respected woman \ngrandson \ngrass \n; ;\ngrasshopper \n; ;\ngrate \ngrater \ngrave \ngravel \ngravestone \ngraveyard \ngreatgrandfather \ngreatgrandmother \n;\ngreatgrandparent \ngreedy \ngreen bean \ngreen beans \ngreen coconut \ngroup \n;\ngrouper \n; ; ; ; ; ; ;\ngrow \ngrow seedling \ngrowing tip \ngrowth \ngrub \nguava \ngum tree; eucalyptus \ngums \nhair \nhair pin \nhairy \nhalf \n;\nhalf-dry \nhalf; side \nhalfbeak \nHalmahera \nhammer \nhand \nhandle \n;\nhandpalm \nhang \n; ;\nhappy \nharbour \nhard \nharlequin shrimp \nharvest fruit \nhat \n;\nhave a family \nhave sex \nhawkfish \nhead \nheap \n; ;\nheap; gather \nhear \nhear; listen \nheat in fire \nheavy \nheel \nhelmeted friarbird \nhelp \nhermit crab \nheron \n;\nhey-ho \nhibiscus \n;\nhiccups \nhide \n;\nhigh tide \n;\nhigh tide \nhill \nhill; cliff \nhis wife \nhit \n; ; ;\nhit with tool \nhit; pound \nhit; touch \nhold \n;\nhold; carry \nhole \n; ;\nholiday \nholy water \nhook \nhorn shell \nhornbill \nhorns \nhorse \n;\nhot \nhot water \nhour; o’clock \nhouse \nhouse post \nhousehold \nhow are you \nhow many \nhow; how are you \nhug \nhumpback snapper \nhundred \nhungry \n; ;\nhusband \nhusks \nI don’t know \nibis \nice \nif \nif not \nill \nillness \n;\nillness; curse \nimam \nimperial pigeon \n;\nimperial pigeon type \nin the light \nin the middle \nindex finger \nIndonesian \n;\ninfant \ninsect found in rice or flour \ninside \n; ; ;\ninside canoe \ninside of a tree \ninside of pili nut \ninside of a tree \nintercourse \nintestines \niron \niron; wire \nironwood \nisland \nit doesn’t matter \nit’s cloudy \nitchy \nitchy fish; itchy plant \njackfruit \njar \nJava; Javanese \njaw; chin \njew’s harp \njinn \njoint \njoke \njourney \njump \njump over \njungle \njust \n;\njust a little \nk.o. bamboo \nk.o. banana \n; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. bird \nk.o. coarse woven mat \nk.o. coconut \nk.o. coral \n; ;\nk.o. fish \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. illness \n; ;\nk.o. pandanus \nk.o. plant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. prayer \nk.o. sea cucumber \nk.o. shell \n; ;\nk.o. small fish \nk.o. tree \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nk.o. triggerfish \n;\nKaimana \nKaimana.people \nKalamang language \nkangaroo \nkapok tree \nKaras Darat \nKaras Island \nKaras inhabitant; Karas Island \nkawin \nkeel \nkeep still \nkeep watch \nKei \nketjap \nkey \nKiaba \nkick \nkidneys \nKilimala language \nkindle \nking \nking post \nkingfisher \nkiss \nkitchen \nknee \nknife \nknow \nkoran verse \nKuhl’s stingray \nlake \nlamp \n;\nland-side \nlanguage; voice \nlarge intestines \nlarvae \nlarynx \nlast; hold in place \nlastborn \nlate at night; in the middle of the night \nlater \n;\nlaugh \n;\nlaugh at \nlayer \nlazy \n;\nlead \n;\nleaf \n; ;\nleaf midrib \nlean to side \nlean.on.chin \nlearn \nleave \nleech \nleft; be lefthanded; left hand; left side \nleftover \nleftovers \nleg \nlelah \nlemongrass \nlend; borrow \nleopard sea cucumber; teripang \nleopard shark \nleopard torpedo \nless \nlick \nlid \n;\nlie \nlie; joke \nlife \nlift \n;\nlift oneself \nlight \n;\nlight; shine \nlightning \nlike \n;\nlike here \nlike that \n;\nlike this \n;\nlike; want \nlime \nlime; citrus \nlimpet shell \nline up \nlionfish \nlip \nlittle finger, pinky \nlive \n; ;\nliving place \nlizard \n; ;\nlizardfish \nload \nlobster \nlock \nloft, attic \nloincloth \nlong ago \nlongnose parrotfish \nlontar palm \nlook \nlook around \nlook for trouble \nloose \n;\nlorikeet \nlost \nlouse \n;\nlow \nlow tide \n; ; ;\nlukewarm \nlungs \nmace \nmachete \n;\nmachine noise \nmackerel \nmagrib \nmaintain \nmaize \nmake a hole \nmake a sound \nmake a stone wall \nmake floor \nmake noise \n;\nmake rim \nmake up \nmake bamboo floor \nmake a living \nmake soft \nmake; do \nMalakuli \nMalay \nmale infant \nmale tree \nmama \nman \n; ;\nman; male \nmango tree; mango \nmangosteen \nmangrove \nmanta ray \nmany \nmarbles \nmark \nmark; recognise \nmark; scar \nmarket \nmarriage \n;\nmarried \nmarried (woman) \nmarrow \nmarry \nmarungga \nMas \nmassage \nmassoi tree \nmast \nmat \n;\nmate \nmay the sun pull out your liver \nmaybe \n;\nMbaham people \nmeasure \n;\nmeat \nmedicinal plant \n; ; ; ;\nmedicinal.plant \nmedicine \nmedicine man \nmeet \n; ;\nmemory \nmen \nmessy \nmidday \n;\nmiddle \nmiddle finger \nmile (sea-mile) \nmillipede \nmiss \nmix \nmole \nMonday \nmoney \n;\nmonitor lizard \nmonkey \nmonth \nmonth name \n;\nmoon; month \nmoonfish; spadefish \nmore \nmore; past; higher \nmorning \nmorning prayer \nmortar \nmosque \nmosquito \nmosquito net \nmother; aunt; adult woman \nmotor \nmotor boat \nmountain top \nmountain; mainland \nmouth \nmouth; rim \nmove \n;\nmove away \nmove along path; install; become \nmove to side \nmove towards land \n;\nmove towards sea \nmove diagonally up \nmove; rock \nmuch \n; ;\nmucus \nmud \nmuezzin \nmug \nmurky sea \nmushroom \nmust \nnail \n;\nname \nnarrow \nnaughty \nnavel \nnear \n;\nneckbone \nnecklace \nneed \nneedle \nneedlefish \nnegative existential; empty \nneighbour; clan, relatives \nnerite shell \n;\nnest \nnet \nnew \nNew Guinea Rosewood \nnew moon \nnews \nnight \nnightjar \nnine \nninety \nninety-nine \nnipple \nnit \nnod \nnoon \nnoose \nnormal \nnorth \nnorth-west \nnose \nnostril \nnot good \n;\nnot good at all \nnot know \nnot much \nnot reach; not enough \nnot yet \n;\nnot; no \nnothing \nnow \nnumber \n;\nnutmeg \n;\nnutmeg fruit \n;\nnutmeg garden \nnypa palm \noctopus \noffering \n;\noffice \noil \nold \n;\nold woman \nold; take long \nolder or respected woman \non coral \non top of; above \non/at beach \nonce \none \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\none hundred \none more \none string \none thousend \nOnin people \n;\nonion \nonly \nopen \n; ; ; ; ;\nopen limb \nopen sea \nopened \n; ;\nopened wide \nor \n;\norange-lined triggerfish \norange-spotted trevally \norchid \norder \n;\norder; promise \norphan \nother \notherwise \nour betel \nout \noutrigger \n;\noutside \n; ; ;\noven \n;\nover there \nowl \n;\noyster \npacked food \npaddle \n; ;\npaint \npalala \npall-bearing \npalm cockatoo \n;\npalm oil \npan \npandanus \n;\npandanus leaf \npants \npapaya \nparent in law; child in law \nparrot \n; ; ;\nparrotfish \n;\npart of canoe \n;\npart of outrigger \npass \npass on \npass; go on \npastry \n;\npay \npayment \npearl shell \npeck \npeel \n; ; ;\npeel with knife \npeel wood \npenis \npeople \nperiwinkle shell \nperson \n; ;\npestle \npestle for coconut and kanari nut \npicasso triggerfish \npick; weave \npicture \npie \npiece \n;\npig \npili nut \npimples \npinch \npineapple \nplace \n; ;\nplaceholder \nplaceholder for names \nplane \n; ; ;\nplaning tool \nplank \n;\nplank in boat \nplanks roof \nplant \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nplate \nplay \npluck \nplug \n;\nplumb rule \npoint and touch \npoisonous root used to catch fish \npole \n;\npoles \npolice \npond; bay \nporridge \npouch \npour onto \npour; dump; spill \nprawn type \nprayer \n;\nprayers \npregnant \npress \nprevent \nprice \nprick \nprick on horn \nprison \nprohibition \npromise \nprox \n;\npuddle \npufferfish \npull \n; ;\npull out \n;\npull with force \npull; drag \npulled out \n;\npulp \npunch \npupil; eyeball \npus \npush \npush; bring \nput \nput away \nput clothespin \nput to bed \nput up \nput up wall \nquail \nquality \nquarrel \nqueen \nquick \nquite \n;\nrabbitfish \n; ;\nrafter \n;\nrag \nrain \n;\nrainbow \nraised platform \nRamadan month \nrat \n;\nrattan \nrays \nreach \nread \nready \n;\nreceive \nrecite \nrecord \nrecord; catch \nred \nred ant \nred onion \nreef edge \nremember \nrepent \nreport \nrest \n;\nreturn \n;\nribs \nrice \nrice hull; rice plant \nrice sieve \n;\nrice package \nridge pole \nright \n;\nright; be righthanded; right hand; right side \nring \nring finger \nrinse \n;\nrinse mouth \nripe \nrising tide \nritual \n;\nriver bank \nriver; lake \nroad \nrock \n;\nrock hole \nrock; nod \nroll \n;\nroll pandanus \nroof \nroof wood \nroom \nroot \n;\nroot vegetable \n;\nrope \nrotten \n; ;\nrough \nrough sea \nrough side leaf \nround \nroundhead parrotfish \nroving coral grouper \nrub, pulverise \nrub; clean \nrubber tree \nrudder; helmsman \nrun \nrun away from \nrun away with woman \nrun smooth \nrun aground \n;\nrun; sail; swim; cycle \nrust \nsack \n;\nsago \nsago flour \nsago grub \nsago leaf roof \nsago palm leaves; palm roof \nsago pancake \nsago tree \nsail \n;\nsail close to the coast \nsailfish \nsalt \n;\nsalty dried fish \nsame \n;\nsand \nsand mound \nsap \nsap; latex; gum \nsardine \nsarong \nSaturday \nsaw \nsay \nsay! \nsay; want; think \nscabies \nscabies; smallpox \nscale a fish \nscar \nscare; order \nscattered; split \nschool \nscrape coconut \nscrape; feel itchy \nscratch \nscream \n;\nscrubfowl \nsea \n; ;\nsea bird \nsea cucumber \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nsea current \nsea fern \nsea sand \nsea snake \nsea urchin \nsea-side \nseam \nsearch \nsearch fish with light \nseason \nsecond husband \nsecond wife \nsee \nsee; look \nseed \n; ;\nseedling \nsejenis kuskus \nsejenis siput gerai \nseldom \nsell \nsend \n; ;\nsense \nSeram \nserve \nseven \nseventy \nsew \nsew leaves \nshade \nshadow \n;\nshake \nshark \n; ; ;\nsharp \n;\nsharp rock \nsharpen \nshave; scrape \nshearwater \nshelf \nshell \n; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;\nshin \nship \nshirt \nshiver \nshoal \n;\nshoe \nshoot \n; ;\nshoot with gun \nshore \nshore birds with long feet \nshore, land, inland \nshore.current \nshort \nshort of breath \nshoulder \nshoulder blade \nshout \nshove \nshovel \nshow \n; ;\nshrimp \nsibling \n;\nsibling-in-law \nsiblings \n;\nsick \n;\nside \n; ; ; ; ; ;\nside; kidneys \nside; part \nsideburns \nsieve \n;\nsign \n; ;\nsignal goby \nsing \n; ;\nsink \nsinker \nsit \nsit and do nothing \nsix \nsixty \nsize \nskewer \n;\nskewer; stab; fit \nskin \nskin dirt \nskinny \nsky \nslacken \nslap with hand \nslave \nsleep \nslice \n; ; ; ;\nslide \nslimy \nslippers \nslippery \nslippery; smooth \nslow \n;\nsmall \n; ; ; ; ;\nsmall bamboo type \nsmall chainsaw \nsmall child \nsmall clam; sea snail \nsmall loin cloth \nsmall motor \nsmall one \nsmall unripe fruit \nsmall plug \nsmaller birds of prey \nsmell \n;\nsmoke \nsmooth side leaf \nsnail \n; ; ;\nsnake \nsnapped \nsnapper \nsneeze \nsnore \nso \n; ;\nso that \n;\nsoap \nsoft \nsoft coral \nsoft sound \nsoft; fine \nsoil \nsome \n; ;\nson \nsong \n;\nsoon \nsorceress \nsorcery \nsore \nSorong \nsound \n;\nsour \n;\nsoursop \nsouth \nspace under a house \nspatula \nspeak \n;\nspeak Kalamang \nspear \nspear with one point \nspice \n;\nspider \nspider conch \nspinach \nspine \nspine fish \nspiral coral \nspirit \nspit \n;\nspit at \nspit out \nsplit; break \nspoiled \nspoon \n;\nspread \nspread legs \nsprinkle \nsquash \nsqueeze \nsquid \nsquint \nsquirrelfish, soldierfish, cardinalfish \nstab \nstack \nstairs \nstalk \n; ; ;\nstand \nstand up \nstar \nstarfish \n;\nstarfruit \nstartle \nstartled \nstay \nsteal \n;\nsteam \nstem \n; ;\nstep \nstep on \nstick \nstick onto \n;\nsticky \nstiff muscles \nsting \nstingray \nstir-fry \nstomach \nstomach illness \nstomach worm \nstone \nstone axe \nstone wall \nstone hole \nstop \n;\nstop; stay \nstore; bury \nstory \n;\nstove \nstraight \nstrand \nstranded \nstranger \n; ;\nstreet \n;\nstretch out \nstretch (out) \nstring \n;\nstring.type \nstripe \n;\nstriped eel catfish \nstrong \nstruggle \nstupid \nsuck; smoke \nsuddenly move; sudden sound \nsugar \n;\nsugar palm \nsugar; white cloth \nsummit \nsun \nsunday \nSunday \nsunrise \nsunset \nsurgeonfish \n;\nswallow \nswear \nsweat \nsweep \n;\nswim \nswollen \n;\nt-shirt \ntable \ntable coral \ntaboo; bad luck; offering \ntail \ntake care of \ntake out \ntake from hot \ntalk together \ntall \ntamarind \nTana Besar \ntangled \nTarak \ntaro \ntarpaulin \ntaste \n;\ntasty; sweet \ntawny nurse shark \ntea \n;\nteach \nteacher \ntear \ntears \nteeth \ntelephone \ntell \n;\nTeluk Buruwai \nten \nten thousand \ntenggelele \ntens of \ntent \nterrace \ntesticles \nthat have gone bad \nthat’s it \nThe Netherlands \nthe small one(s) \nthen \n; ; ; ; ;\nthere is \nthermos \nthick \nthief \nthigh \nthin \nthin and flat thing \n;\nthing \nthings; clothes \nthink \n;\nthirteen \nthirty \nthirty-four \nthirty-one \nthirty-three \nthirty-two \nthat \nthis \nthorn \n;\nthorns \nthoughts \nthousand \nthread \nthree \n;\nthrifty \nthroat \nthroat and neck \nthrow \n; ;\nthrow aside; throw away; drop \nthumb \nthunder \nThursday \ntide \ntidy; balance; clean wood \ntie \ntie a basket \ntied too tight \ntight \ntilefish \ntime \n; ;\nto plug \nto pour \ntobacco type \ntobacco; cigarette \ntoday \ntoenails \ntoes \ntomato \ntomorrow \ntongs \ntongue \ntoo \n; ;\ntoo heavy \ntoo much \ntoo tight \ntoo; any; even \ntool \ntop \n; ;\ntop shell \ntorn \ntorresian imperial pidgeon \ntortoise \n;\ntowel \ntradition \ntraditional dance \ntrash \ntray \ntreat \ntree \n; ; ; ; ; ;\ntree fern \ntree kangaroo \ntree stem \ntree stump \ntree trunk; base \ntree; wood \ntriggerfish \n;\ntrue \n; ;\ntrue conch \n;\ntry \n;\nTuburuasa \ntuck in \nTuesday \ntuna \nturban shell \nturmeric \nturn \n;\nturn around; circle; play music; wander \nturn back to \nturn over \nturtle \n;\ntusk \ntusk shell \ntwelve \ntwenty \ntwenty-one \ntwice \ntwig broom \ntwo \n;\ntwo-pointed spear \numbilical ovula \nunable to do \nuncle \n; ; ; ;\nunder \nunder side foot \nunderstand \nunload \nunprocessed wood \nunripe \n;\nunstuck; be open \nuntil \n; ;\nuntroubled \nup \nup there \nurinate \nurine \nuse prayer water \nuse plumb rule \nuse sorcery \nuse; wear \nvagina \nvase \nvase shell \nvegetable \n;\nvegetables \nvein \nveins \nvenus clam \nvery \n;\nvery far \nvery hungry; many hungry people \nvery much \nvery white \nvery young \nvery edge \nvillage building \nvillage; place \nvoice \nvomit \n;\nwagtail \nwagtails \nwaist \nwait \n;\nwake someone up \nwake up \nwalk \n;\nwalk with big steps \nwall \nwant \nwash face \nwash; bathe \nwashingtub \nwashtub \nwasp \nwasp nest; beehive \nwaspfish \nwatch \n;\nwater \nwater between roots \nwater container \nwaterfall \nwatermelon \nwave \nwavy \nweak \nweak as a result of not eating \nwear \nwear; dress \nweave \nweave up \nwedding rite \nWednesday \nweed \nweek; Sunday \nweight watcher \nwell \nwest \n; ; ;\nwest-wind season \nwet \nwhale \nwhale shark \nwhat \n;\nwhat are you doing \nwheat flour \nwhen \n;\nwhere \nwhere from \nwhere to \nwhich one \nwhisper \nwhistle \n;\nwhistle-call; message \nwhite \nwhite gum \nwhite person \nwho \nwhy; what \nwide \nwidow \nwidower \nwidow(er) \nwife \nwild ginger \nwild sugarcane \n;\nwild/forest breadfruit \nwind \n;\nwindow \nwindow frame \nwing \n;\nwing; fin \nwitch, sorcerer \nwith a hole in it \nwith that \nwoman \nwomb \nwomen \nwood \nwood tool \nwood without bark \nwooden canoe \nwoodswallow \nwork \nworm \n;\nwounded \nwrap \n; ;\nwrap in cloth \n;\nwrasse \nwring \nwrist; finger joints \nwrite \nwrong \nyam \nYarpos Kon \nyawn \nyear \nyellow \nyellow taro \nyes \n; ; ;\nyesterday \nyet; still; first \nyou know \nyoung coconut" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Phonetics, phonology and morphophonology", "Header 2": "Phoneme inventory", "Header 3": "Vowels", "Header 4": "Vowel reduction" }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:schwa\" label=\"sec:schwa\"></span> In fast or casual speech,\n/a/ and especially /e/ in unstressed syllables\n(§<a href=\"#sec:stress\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:stress\">[sec:stress]</a>) are commonly reduced to\n\\[ə\\]. If both /e/ and /a/ occur in unstressed syllables, as in\nsedawak ‘machete’, only /e/ is reduced. Examples are given\nin(<a href=\"#exe:menadu\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:menadu\">[exe:menadu]</a>). \n\\[ma.ˈna.du\\] ∼ \\[mə.ˈna.du\\] ‘taro’\n\\[ga.ˈla\\] ∼ \\[gə.ˈla\\] ‘spear’\n\\[ka.niŋ.go.ˈni.e\\] ∼ \\[ka.niŋ.go.ˈni.ə\\] ‘nine’\n\\[se.da.ˈwak̚\\] ∼ \\[sə.da.ˈwak̚\\] ‘machete’\n\\[pe.ˈlɛr\\] ∼ \\[pə.ˈlɛr\\] ‘mast’ <span id=\"exe:menadu\"\nlabel=\"exe:menadu\"></span> \nExactly under which circumstances reduction to /ə/ takes place in\nKalamang is a question for further research. Next to speech style and\nstress, there are many other possible factors, such as syllable type,\nposition in the word and frequency of the word (cf. )." } ], "index": 98, "level": "low_resource", "question": "My machete is blunt.", "split": "train" }
Irausi na, Dela esun mua ramie.	The trevally bit, Dela's father and associates caught it.	Language Science Press	[ { "content": "Kalamang is a language spoken on the Karas Islands in West Papua. Translate from English to Kalamang: The trevally bit, Dela's father and associates caught it.\n\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: in the light\nKalamang translation: goraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"The\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: The Netherlands\nKalamang translation: Beladar\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"trevally\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: orange-spotted trevally\nKalamang translation: unsor\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"trevally\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: golden trevally\nKalamang translation: irausi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"bit\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: bitter\nKalamang translation: mang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"bit\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: bite\nKalamang translation: koraruo\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Dela\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: eyelashes\nKalamang translation: kanggir nenen\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"Dela\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: Kilimala language\nKalamang translation: Kueimang\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: spear\nKalamang translation: gala\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"s\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: sound\nKalamang translation: ar; nun\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: grandfather\nKalamang translation: tara esnem; tata; tete; esnem\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"father\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: father\nKalamang translation: esa\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: point and touch\nKalamang translation: tubak\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"and\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: and then\nKalamang translation: eba metko\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"associates\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: massoi tree\nKalamang translation: masoi\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"associates\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: picasso triggerfish\nKalamang translation: uspulpul\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"caught\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: daughter\nKalamang translation: tumun pas\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"caught\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: caught with fear\nKalamang translation: semsuk\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"it\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: that's it\nKalamang translation: ma he me\n\nTo help with the translation, here is one of the closest entries to \"it\" in the English-Kalamang bilingual dictionary:\nEnglish word: with a hole in it\nKalamang translation: durcie\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The ananas isn't ripe yet.\nKalamang translation: Kainasu me tok sawaunin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"The\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The fish's gall bladder exploded.\nKalamang translation: Sar iemuna kararcie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"trevally\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The kids climbed to the top of the tree.\nKalamang translation: Tumtum sara rorkeitko.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"trevally\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: The giant trevally is big.\nKalamang translation: Imanana ma me temun.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"bit\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Binkur's father goes fishing but the fish don't bite.\nKalamang translation: Binkur esun bo war jarutu reba ba sor natnin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"bit\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Randa's mother served bitter coffee.\nKalamang translation: Randa emun kofirat gareorta mang.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Dela\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Moktar's father is speaking Kilimala language.\nKalamang translation: Moktar esun Kueimang deba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"Dela\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Dela's father goes fishing and catches a matan sena fish.\nKalamang translation: Dela esun bo warta matan senara ramie.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nabil's father went fishing for a long time but didn't catch anything.\nKalamang translation: Nabil esun bo wari wari ba kotipol.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"s\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Supri's father goes fishing for grouper.\nKalamang translation: Supri esun bo kabaruapmarok teba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Nyong's father hit and wounded his toenail.\nKalamang translation: Nyong esun kor tanggalip dukta patin.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"father\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Onin's father and family break down their house's roof.\nKalamang translation: Onin esun mu keweun sengunara maorek.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Alun and his friends are putting guavas in a pouch.\nKalamang translation: Alun mu sarimat lawalawat.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"and\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: I bathed in the sea and then I scrubbed my skin.\nKalamang translation: An pasieko waruo eba an lamutyuon.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"associates\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: At Gowien there are many cassowary's.\nKalamang translation: Gowien me kasawari reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"associates\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Mister Sam and associates go fishing to stab stingrays.\nKalamang translation: Pak Sam mu bo masura isisat komain.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"caught\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Tomi's mother was throwing fishing line and caught a shark.\nKalamang translation: Tomi emun wienmukta loptengat ramie reba.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"caught\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Manado caught many groupers.\nKalamang translation: Manado lawanramie reidak.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"it\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: Keep it still already!\nKalamang translation: Mat malelinde geǃ\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a translated sentence with words similar to \"it\" in a list of translated Kalamang-English reference sentences:\nEnglish sentence: When it rains we can see the other island close-by.\nKalamang translation: Kalis urta pi lenggonat komera kokir.\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\nThe clitic =kin, homophonous with second-person plural possessive\npronoun kin, expresses prospective or purposive association, spatial\nassociation, general (associative) ownership and representation of type.\nIt attaches to the right edge of the NP. The clitic does not display\nregular morphophonological behaviour\n(§<a href=\"#sec:elis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:elis\">[sec:elis]</a>). There is lenition of the /k/\nin, for example, the form neba=kin, but not in mu=kin. There is also\nno velarisation after /n/. This is perhaps a sign of recent\ngrammaticalisation. Note that in possessive relations with =kin, it is\nthe possessor that is marked. \nProspective or purposive association indicates that the word it is\nmarked on is the prospective or purposive use of the referent of another\nnoun. For instance, the compound nika warkin, from nika ‘line’ and\nwar ‘to fish’, indicates that the line is meant for fishing and not\nfor another activity such as tying. Muap terkin is used to indicate\nall food that is associated with drinking tea, such as cakes and\ncookies. Here, =kin may mark accompaniment or purpose. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnika war=kin\nline fish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘fishing line’ kai tolas=kin\nfirewood break_fast=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘firewood to be used when breaking the fast’ tumtum=kin\nchildren=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘children’s’ (used in the context of medicine) muap ter=kin\nfood tea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘food to consume together with tea’ <span id=\"exe:muapter\"\nlabel=\"exe:muapter\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin is also found on locations to indicate spatial association. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npasar Pakpak=kin\nmarket Fakfak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Fakfak’s market’ kewe Arepner=kin\nhouse Arepner=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Arepner’s houses’ \n</div> \nOther examples of spatial association are the names of certain species,\nespecially fish species, as shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wienart\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wienart\">[exe:wienart]</a>). The wienar\n‘parrotfish’ is contrasted with other wienar species, such as wienar\nsaruam ‘longnose parrotfish’. It can also be used in a more general\nsense to group for example all fish found close to the shore, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sorkis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sorkis\">[exe:sorkis]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwienar tebol=kin\nparrotfish reef_edge=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘roundhead parrotfish’ <span id=\"exe:wienart\"\nlabel=\"exe:wienart\"></span> sor kibis=kin\nfish shore=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘shore fish’ <span id=\"exe:sorkis\" label=\"exe:sorkis\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin can also express general (associative) ownership without\nspecifying the possessor. This can be used, for example, with the\nquestion word naman ‘who’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:namankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namankin\">[exe:namankin]</a>). The answer to this\nquestion also contains =kin, marking the possession of a group of\npeople. Thus, naman=kin functions as a placeholder for Dian taraun\nmu=kin. The answer also contains the third-person plural pronoun mu\nused as an associative plural. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=kin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Whose?’ Dian tara-un mu=kin\nDian grandfather-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Dian’s grandfather’s and associates’.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:namankin\" label=\"exe:namankin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis same marking of the possession of a group, often used with\nteknonyms (see §<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a>), is also illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass\">[exe:ass]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ass\" label=\"exe:ass\"></span> Pertama nebainggo,\nSainudinkin. Sainudinkin lewat, a terus menggara Kiba mukin.\npertama neba=kin=ko sainudin=kin sainudin=kin lewat a terus\nmengga=ta kiba mu=kin\nfirst <span class=\"smallcaps\">ph-poss=loc</span>\nSainudin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\nSainudin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> pass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> further\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nKiba <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=poss</span>\n‘First whose place, Sainudin’s. Pass Sainudin’s, ah then from there\n\\[you get to\\] Kiba’s.’ \n</div> \nInterestingly, because =kin is attached to the last element of the NP,\nit can also be attached to a possessive pronoun.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:esakainkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:esakainkin\">[exe:esakainkin]</a>), the use of =kin\n(instead of third-person possessive -un) signals that the possessed\nitem, some fishing equipment, belongs to the father’s household and not\nto him personally. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:esakainkin\" label=\"exe:esakainkin\"></span> mera ge esa\nkain=kin mera ki napaki=ta\nthen not father <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss=poss</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nuse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘If not, you can use your father’s.’ \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:konkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konkin\">[exe:konkin]</a>), =kin attaches to a\nnumeral, which refers to the price of a certain size of fishing line\n(the word nika ‘line’ is elided). =kin indicates that the numeral is\nrepresentative of a type. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nripi putkon=kin me minggi winyal\nthousand ten=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.ins</span> sail_fish\n‘With \\[fishing line of the kind that costs\\] ten thousand \\[you go\\]\nfishing while sailing around.’ <span id=\"exe:konkin\"\nlabel=\"exe:konkin\"></span> \n</div> \nLastly, =kin is used by one speaker in two recordings about canoe\nbuilding to refer to parts of the canoe.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), the left and\nright side of the canoe are described, and either side is marked with\n=kin. In(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the canoes are the parts, and\nthe whole is a tree from which three canoes are cut. An alternative\nanalysis is that these uses of =kin do not indicate a part-whole\nrelationship, but that there is an understood nominal referent with\nwhich =kin expresses an associative relationship.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), this could be\nthe drill holes (the left side’s drill holes), and\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the wood or the motor boat’s\nbase. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntantayon=kin di=saran=i koyet koi tanbes=kin=at koi bor=taet\nleft=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish then\nright=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nthen drill=again\n‘After putting up the left side, we drill the right side again.’\n<span id=\"exe:tantayonkin\" label=\"exe:tantayonkin\"></span> koi et\nmir-eir=kin=at kon-i potma raor=kin=at potma\nlimabelas=kin=at potma koi et pokpok=kin kon\nthen canoe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_canoe</span>-two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span>\none-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span> cut\nmiddle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span> cut\n15_hp_motor_boat.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=poss=obj</span> cut then\ncanoe small_motor_boat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> one\n‘Then \\[I\\] cut one canoe from two, cut it in the middle, cut a motor\nboat, then a small motorboat is one.’ <span id=\"exe:ass3\"\nlabel=\"exe:ass3\"></span> \n</div>\n---\n\nTo help with the translation, here is a passage retrieved from a Kalamang grammar book:\n---\n<span id=\"sec:usage\" label=\"sec:usage\"></span> In everyday situations,\npronouns are very common terms of address\n(§<a href=\"#sec:pronaddr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:pronaddr\">[sec:pronaddr]</a>), but non-pronominal\nterms of address are also very conventionalised. All non-pronominal\nterms were given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:address\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:address\">[tab:address]</a>. Terms of address can be\nput on a cline of politeness (here, for the sake of ease, encompassing\nalso formality and respectfulness). Towards the polite side there are\nkinship terms and teknonyms, and names are towards the less polite side.\nNicknames cover the middle ground. Vocatives are briefly described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a> and\n§<a href=\"#sec:discinterj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discinterj\">[sec:discinterj]</a>. \nKinship terms are used as terms of address for parents, parents’\nsiblings, grandparents, parents-in-law and strangers or foreigners. Such\nterms of address are deemed polite. Teknonyms and names of spouses are\nequally polite ways of addressing someone as kinship terms. Moreover,\nthe use of teknonyms and names of spouses as a term of address is\navailable for all kin and non-kin relations. Names are the common way of\naddressing kin and non-kin for and amongst children until they are\nmarried. After that, names may only be used in (very) informal settings,\nand between people of the same generation, or when addressing someone\nfrom a younger generation than yourself. It is deemed very\ndisrespectful, or even taboo, to address or even refer to a parent,\ngrandparent or parent-in-law by their first name. Even between friends\nit is customary to use teknonyms rather than first names. Teknonyms\nwithout the addition of the word ‘(grand)parent’ may be used as a kind\nof collective term of address for a group of people, usually sharing a\nhouse. This can be used, for example, when someone standing outside the\nhouse calls to see if someone’s there, or to refer to that group of\npeople (in that case with the addition of mu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mayor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mayor\">[exe:mayor]</a>).) \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMayor mu amdir-un=ka=ta marua\nMayor <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ngarden-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nmove_seawards\n‘Mayor and associates go to their garden moving towards the sea.’\n<span id=\"exe:mayor\" label=\"exe:mayor\"></span> \n</div> \nNicknames and titles occupy the middle ground in terms of politeness. If\na nickname is honorary, such as Mayor, this may be the main term of\naddress for that person. People with an administrative function may be\naddressed according to their title (in Malay): Pak Sekretaris ‘Mister\nSecretary’ and Ibu Guru ‘Mistress Teacher’. Disabled people may also\nbe first and foremost known by their nicknames (such as a deaf-mute\nperson referred to as Toki, perhaps from kelkam toktok ‘deaf’).\nNote, however, that if a person is known to be very informal, they may\nbe primarily known by their first name, such as the often-joking father\nof three children called Malik. Self-reference is usually obtained with\na teknonym. If people utter their own given name, they usually do so\nwith a quieter voice. \nStrangers or foreigners may be both referred to and addressed with\npolite Kalamang kinship terms, preferably esnem or esa for a man,\nand emnem or ema for a women. However, terms of address from other\n(Indonesian) languages are also commonly used. A visiting man from Java\nis referred to and addressed as Mas; a Javanese woman is Mba (after the\nJavanese terms of address). A foreigner may be referred to as ‘mister’\n(pronounced mester) or ‘mistress/miss’ (misis/mis). If necessary, a\nspecification is given after the title: Mas Karamba, for example, is\nused for the Javanese men who work in the live-fish storage place called\nkaramba in Indonesian. Indonesian Bapak/Pak and Ibu can be applied to\nany stranger. The borrowing tatanina may also be used for foreign\nwomen, and was a popular term of reference and address for the\nresearcher, as well as mis(is). \nKalamang society practices kinship-based fostering, which means that\nchildren may be raised by a family member, usually one who does not have\nchildren him/herself.[^57] These children have and use the same terms of\nreference and address as biological children.\n---\n\nNow write the translation of the sentence: The trevally bit, Dela's father and associates caught it.\nPlease provide your meta-linguistic reasoning step by step, and put your final translation within \\boxed{}.", "role": "user" } ]	translation	{ "ground_truth": "Irausi na, Dela esun mua ramie.", "style": "rule" }	{ "answer": "Irausi na, Dela esun mua ramie.", "grammar_metadata": [ { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Possessive and associative constructions", "Header 2": "Associative relations with =kin", "Header 3": null, "Header 4": null }, "passage": "The clitic =kin, homophonous with second-person plural possessive\npronoun kin, expresses prospective or purposive association, spatial\nassociation, general (associative) ownership and representation of type.\nIt attaches to the right edge of the NP. The clitic does not display\nregular morphophonological behaviour\n(§<a href=\"#sec:elis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:elis\">[sec:elis]</a>). There is lenition of the /k/\nin, for example, the form neba=kin, but not in mu=kin. There is also\nno velarisation after /n/. This is perhaps a sign of recent\ngrammaticalisation. Note that in possessive relations with =kin, it is\nthe possessor that is marked. \nProspective or purposive association indicates that the word it is\nmarked on is the prospective or purposive use of the referent of another\nnoun. For instance, the compound nika warkin, from nika ‘line’ and\nwar ‘to fish’, indicates that the line is meant for fishing and not\nfor another activity such as tying. Muap terkin is used to indicate\nall food that is associated with drinking tea, such as cakes and\ncookies. Here, =kin may mark accompaniment or purpose. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nnika war=kin\nline fish=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘fishing line’ kai tolas=kin\nfirewood break_fast=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘firewood to be used when breaking the fast’ tumtum=kin\nchildren=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘children’s’ (used in the context of medicine) muap ter=kin\nfood tea=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘food to consume together with tea’ <span id=\"exe:muapter\"\nlabel=\"exe:muapter\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin is also found on locations to indicate spatial association. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \npasar Pakpak=kin\nmarket Fakfak=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Fakfak’s market’ kewe Arepner=kin\nhouse Arepner=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Arepner’s houses’ \n</div> \nOther examples of spatial association are the names of certain species,\nespecially fish species, as shown\nin(<a href=\"#exe:wienart\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:wienart\">[exe:wienart]</a>). The wienar\n‘parrotfish’ is contrasted with other wienar species, such as wienar\nsaruam ‘longnose parrotfish’. It can also be used in a more general\nsense to group for example all fish found close to the shore, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:sorkis\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:sorkis\">[exe:sorkis]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nwienar tebol=kin\nparrotfish reef_edge=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘roundhead parrotfish’ <span id=\"exe:wienart\"\nlabel=\"exe:wienart\"></span> sor kibis=kin\nfish shore=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘shore fish’ <span id=\"exe:sorkis\" label=\"exe:sorkis\"></span> \n</div> \n=kin can also express general (associative) ownership without\nspecifying the possessor. This can be used, for example, with the\nquestion word naman ‘who’, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:namankin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:namankin\">[exe:namankin]</a>). The answer to this\nquestion also contains =kin, marking the possession of a group of\npeople. Thus, naman=kin functions as a placeholder for Dian taraun\nmu=kin. The answer also contains the third-person plural pronoun mu\nused as an associative plural. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<div class=\"xlist\"> \nnaman=kin\nwho=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Whose?’ Dian tara-un mu=kin\nDian grandfather-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3sg</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n‘Dian’s grandfather’s and associates’.’ \n</div> \n<span id=\"exe:namankin\" label=\"exe:namankin\"></span> \n</div> \nThis same marking of the possession of a group, often used with\nteknonyms (see §<a href=\"#sec:names\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:names\">[sec:names]</a>), is also illustrated\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass\">[exe:ass]</a>). \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:ass\" label=\"exe:ass\"></span> Pertama nebainggo,\nSainudinkin. Sainudinkin lewat, a terus menggara Kiba mukin.\npertama neba=kin=ko sainudin=kin sainudin=kin lewat a terus\nmengga=ta kiba mu=kin\nfirst <span class=\"smallcaps\">ph-poss=loc</span>\nSainudin-<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\nSainudin=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> pass\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">int</span> further\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nKiba <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl=poss</span>\n‘First whose place, Sainudin’s. Pass Sainudin’s, ah then from there\n\\[you get to\\] Kiba’s.’ \n</div> \nInterestingly, because =kin is attached to the last element of the NP,\nit can also be attached to a possessive pronoun.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:esakainkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:esakainkin\">[exe:esakainkin]</a>), the use of =kin\n(instead of third-person possessive -un) signals that the possessed\nitem, some fishing equipment, belongs to the father’s household and not\nto him personally. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \n<span id=\"exe:esakainkin\" label=\"exe:esakainkin\"></span> mera ge esa\nkain=kin mera ki napaki=ta\nthen not father <span class=\"smallcaps\">2sg.poss=poss</span> then\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">2pl</span>\nuse=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\n‘If not, you can use your father’s.’ \n</div> \nIn(<a href=\"#exe:konkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:konkin\">[exe:konkin]</a>), =kin attaches to a\nnumeral, which refers to the price of a certain size of fishing line\n(the word nika ‘line’ is elided). =kin indicates that the numeral is\nrepresentative of a type. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nripi putkon=kin me minggi winyal\nthousand ten=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">top</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">dist.ins</span> sail_fish\n‘With \\[fishing line of the kind that costs\\] ten thousand \\[you go\\]\nfishing while sailing around.’ <span id=\"exe:konkin\"\nlabel=\"exe:konkin\"></span> \n</div> \nLastly, =kin is used by one speaker in two recordings about canoe\nbuilding to refer to parts of the canoe.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), the left and\nright side of the canoe are described, and either side is marked with\n=kin. In(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the canoes are the parts, and\nthe whole is a tree from which three canoes are cut. An alternative\nanalysis is that these uses of =kin do not indicate a part-whole\nrelationship, but that there is an understood nominal referent with\nwhich =kin expresses an associative relationship.\nIn(<a href=\"#exe:tantayonkin\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:tantayonkin\">[exe:tantayonkin]</a>), this could be\nthe drill holes (the left side’s drill holes), and\nin(<a href=\"#exe:ass3\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:ass3\">[exe:ass3]</a>), the wood or the motor boat’s\nbase. \n<div class=\"exe\"> \ntantayon=kin di=saran=i koyet koi tanbes=kin=at koi bor=taet\nleft=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">caus</span>=ascend=<span class=\"smallcaps\">plnk</span>\nfinish then\nright=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">obj</span>\nthen drill=again\n‘After putting up the left side, we drill the right side again.’\n<span id=\"exe:tantayonkin\" label=\"exe:tantayonkin\"></span> koi et\nmir-eir=kin=at kon-i potma raor=kin=at potma\nlimabelas=kin=at potma koi et pokpok=kin kon\nthen canoe\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">clf_canoe</span>-two=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span>\none-<span class=\"smallcaps\">objqnt</span> cut\nmiddle=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss=obj</span> cut\n15_hp_motor_boat.<span class=\"smallcaps\">mly=poss=obj</span> cut then\ncanoe small_motor_boat=<span class=\"smallcaps\">poss</span> one\n‘Then \\[I\\] cut one canoe from two, cut it in the middle, cut a motor\nboat, then a small motorboat is one.’ <span id=\"exe:ass3\"\nlabel=\"exe:ass3\"></span> \n</div>" }, { "metadata": { "Header 1": "Pronouns and person reference and address", "Header 2": "Non-pronominal person reference and address", "Header 3": "Non-pronominal address", "Header 4": null }, "passage": "<span id=\"sec:usage\" label=\"sec:usage\"></span> In everyday situations,\npronouns are very common terms of address\n(§<a href=\"#sec:pronaddr\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:pronaddr\">[sec:pronaddr]</a>), but non-pronominal\nterms of address are also very conventionalised. All non-pronominal\nterms were given in\nTable<a href=\"#tab:address\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"tab:address\">[tab:address]</a>. Terms of address can be\nput on a cline of politeness (here, for the sake of ease, encompassing\nalso formality and respectfulness). Towards the polite side there are\nkinship terms and teknonyms, and names are towards the less polite side.\nNicknames cover the middle ground. Vocatives are briefly described in\n§<a href=\"#sec:wcyesno\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:wcyesno\">[sec:wcyesno]</a> and\n§<a href=\"#sec:discinterj\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"sec:discinterj\">[sec:discinterj]</a>. \nKinship terms are used as terms of address for parents, parents’\nsiblings, grandparents, parents-in-law and strangers or foreigners. Such\nterms of address are deemed polite. Teknonyms and names of spouses are\nequally polite ways of addressing someone as kinship terms. Moreover,\nthe use of teknonyms and names of spouses as a term of address is\navailable for all kin and non-kin relations. Names are the common way of\naddressing kin and non-kin for and amongst children until they are\nmarried. After that, names may only be used in (very) informal settings,\nand between people of the same generation, or when addressing someone\nfrom a younger generation than yourself. It is deemed very\ndisrespectful, or even taboo, to address or even refer to a parent,\ngrandparent or parent-in-law by their first name. Even between friends\nit is customary to use teknonyms rather than first names. Teknonyms\nwithout the addition of the word ‘(grand)parent’ may be used as a kind\nof collective term of address for a group of people, usually sharing a\nhouse. This can be used, for example, when someone standing outside the\nhouse calls to see if someone’s there, or to refer to that group of\npeople (in that case with the addition of mu\n<span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>, as\nin(<a href=\"#exe:mayor\" data-reference-type=\"ref\"\ndata-reference=\"exe:mayor\">[exe:mayor]</a>).) \n<div class=\"exe\"> \nMayor mu amdir-un=ka=ta marua\nMayor <span class=\"smallcaps\">3pl</span>\ngarden-<span class=\"smallcaps\">3poss=lat</span>=<span class=\"smallcaps\">nfin</span>\nmove_seawards\n‘Mayor and associates go to their garden moving towards the sea.’\n<span id=\"exe:mayor\" label=\"exe:mayor\"></span> \n</div> \nNicknames and titles occupy the middle ground in terms of politeness. If\na nickname is honorary, such as Mayor, this may be the main term of\naddress for that person. People with an administrative function may be\naddressed according to their title (in Malay): Pak Sekretaris ‘Mister\nSecretary’ and Ibu Guru ‘Mistress Teacher’. Disabled people may also\nbe first and foremost known by their nicknames (such as a deaf-mute\nperson referred to as Toki, perhaps from kelkam toktok ‘deaf’).\nNote, however, that if a person is known to be very informal, they may\nbe primarily known by their first name, such as the often-joking father\nof three children called Malik. Self-reference is usually obtained with\na teknonym. If people utter their own given name, they usually do so\nwith a quieter voice. \nStrangers or foreigners may be both referred to and addressed with\npolite Kalamang kinship terms, preferably esnem or esa for a man,\nand emnem or ema for a women. However, terms of address from other\n(Indonesian) languages are also commonly used. A visiting man from Java\nis referred to and addressed as Mas; a Javanese woman is Mba (after the\nJavanese terms of address). A foreigner may be referred to as ‘mister’\n(pronounced mester) or ‘mistress/miss’ (misis/mis). If necessary, a\nspecification is given after the title: Mas Karamba, for example, is\nused for the Javanese men who work in the live-fish storage place called\nkaramba in Indonesian. Indonesian Bapak/Pak and Ibu can be applied to\nany stranger. The borrowing tatanina may also be used for foreign\nwomen, and was a popular term of reference and address for the\nresearcher, as well as mis(is). \nKalamang society practices kinship-based fostering, which means that\nchildren may be raised by a family member, usually one who does not have\nchildren him/herself.[^57] These children have and use the same terms of\nreference and address as biological children." } ], "index": 99, "level": "low_resource", "question": "The trevally bit, Dela's father and associates caught it.", "split": "train" }

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