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README.md
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This model is a KDE. This is an unsupervised model that
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estimates the density of continuous values from discrete points.
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This model
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- **Developed by:** Devin DeCosmo
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- **Model type:** Image Classifier
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As the Gaussian KDE is a generalized unsupervised learning model, this could be used
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for other datsets with latitude/longitude coordinates.
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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### Recommendations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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### Training Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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rlogh/lanternfly_swatter_training
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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## Evaluation
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<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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#### Factors
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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#### Metrics
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<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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#### Summary
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This model is a KDE. This is an unsupervised model that
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estimates the density of continuous values from discrete points.
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This is an off the shelf model from the SciPy library and stored to allow for rapid access.
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- **Developed by:** Devin DeCosmo
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- **Model type:** Image Classifier
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As the Gaussian KDE is a generalized unsupervised learning model, this could be used
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for other datsets with latitude/longitude coordinates.
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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KDE's are unable to perform regression or classification on out of set data.
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They can only predict concentration within the space of the provided data.
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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This KDE can only use the data in our current dataset. At this time
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that is data at CMU during Fall 2025. This puts geographic and temporal
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contstraints on the current model fit.
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This model only shows the highest concentration of lanternflies. It does
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not and can not make any estimations of reasons for these density measurments.
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Additional tools are needed to use the KDE outputs in useful research tasks.
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### Recommendations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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This model is recommended to be used with data gathered with a specific area and time period in mind.
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This will allow the KDE to accurately model the data and regions provided.
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## Training and Testing Details
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### Training and Testing Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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This model was trained on our geolocal dataset rlogh/lanternfly_swatter_training
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### Training and Testing Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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KDE models do not train like standard ML models. Instead they read the
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entire dataset, or subset of data, and calculate the relative densities based on
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the proximity of points.
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#### Training and Testing Hyperparameters
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The smoothing and calculations of the KDE can be altered depending on the
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bandwidth estimation method used.
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In this case, the standard value of "scott" was used. This allowed for
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a middle ground between distinct small clusters and larger overall trends.
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Additional experimentation with the bandwidth method could be necessary
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for future datasets with different.
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## Evaluation
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<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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There are no metrics like accuracy for unsupevised models. To ensure the
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data fits the dataset correctly the plot is inspected by hand. This included
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testing different bandwith parameters like Scott, silverman, and integer
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values to determine the best fit. From this, the scott was determined to
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show the most easily readable values for hotspot.
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### Results
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From this, we have a useful, lightweight model from SciPy that can
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rapidly model the relative densities of collected lanternfly data.
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The limits of these result from the bandwidth parameters of and limits of the KDE
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function. In future if the bandwidth could be adjusted automatically based on the
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input region the models could be made more generalizable.
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#### Summary
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This model is a pre-built KDE from the SciPy library. In this case,
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it is being used to map different lanternfly datapoints for research
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and user purposes.
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