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SPP-MT β€” Base (3B)

Type: base (pretrained) model. Not instruction-tuned and ships no chat template.

The Vanilla model receives the same reflection-focused midtraining stage as SPP-T0-MT, so SPP reflections are introduced only at midtraining and never during the main pretraining run.

Synthetic Persona Pretraining (SPP)

Synthetic Persona Pretraining (SPP) installs a target value persona during pretraining rather than only during alignment. Value-laden, first-person reflections, generated against a constitution, are appended to a subset of pretraining documents after a special <assistant> token. Attention masking and RoPE position aliasing keep the reflection from changing the continuation of the original document. This model is trained with SPP.

Instruction-tuned counterpart: dlab-spp/mt-3b-instruct.

Model details

  • Architecture: Llama-3.2-3B-shaped, trained from scratch.
  • Tokenizer: the SmolLM2 tokenizer extended with an <assistant> marker and constitution tokens (vocabulary 49280).
  • Pretraining: ~500B tokens on a subset of the Olmo 3 Dolma 3 mixture; SPP reflections are applied only during a subsequent reflection-focused midtraining stage, on the safety-annotated documents.

Training checkpoints

Intermediate checkpoints are published as git revisions on this repo, so any point in the trajectory can be loaded by passing revision=:

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
import torch

repo = "dlab-spp/mt-3b-base"
tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(repo, revision="step-225000")
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    repo, revision="step-225000", dtype=torch.bfloat16, device_map="auto"
)
Revision Stage Tokens seen Midtraining step LR phase
step-25000 pretraining ~49.2B β€” stable
step-50000 pretraining ~98.3B β€” stable
step-75000 pretraining ~147B β€” stable
step-100000 pretraining ~197B β€” stable
step-125000 pretraining ~246B β€” stable
step-150000 pretraining ~295B β€” stable
step-175000 pretraining ~344B β€” stable
step-200000 pretraining ~393B β€” stable
step-225000 midtraining start ~442B 0 / 72,895 β€”
step-250000 midtraining β€” 25,000 / 72,895 linear decay
step-275000 midtraining β€” 50,000 / 72,895 linear decay
step-297895 midtraining β€” 72,895 / 72,895 linear decay β€” same weights as main

main always holds the finished model (step 297,895). Only model weights are published β€” optimizer and RNG state are not included, so these revisions support evaluation, probing, and fine-tuning, but not exact resumption of the original run.

Revisions are named by global training step. Up to step-225000 this is the pretraining run of dlab-spp/vanilla-3b-base, and those revisions have the same weights as the revisions of the same name there. Midtraining started from dlab-spp/vanilla-3b-base step-225000 with the vocabulary extended to 49,280 rows and ran 72,895 more steps, replacing the final learning-rate cooldown. The cooldown revisions of dlab-spp/vanilla-3b-base (step-240000, step-254313) are not part of this model's training history.

Revisions up to step-200000 are vanilla pretraining checkpoints and ship the vanilla tokenizer (vocabulary 49,152; same BPE vocabulary and merges, without <assistant> and the constitution tokens), so each revision runs with its own tokenizer. Load the tokenizer with the same revision= as the weights.

Intended use

Research on alignment and safety. As a base model it is meant for continuation, probing, or further fine-tuning; it is not instruction-tuned and can produce incorrect or unsafe content.

Links

Citation

@misc{minder2026syntheticpersonapretrainingalignment,
      title={Synthetic Persona Pretraining: Alignment from Token Zero},
      author={Julian Minder and Viktor Moskvoretskii and Raghav Singhal and Difan Jiao and Andy Arditi and Shaobo Cui and Yiderigun Borjigin and Kartik Bali and Stefan Krsteski and Harsh Raj and Huu Nguyen and Jannik Brinkmann and Ashton Anderson and Roland Aydin and Robert West},
      year={2026},
      eprint={2608.13482},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.LG},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.13482},
}

License: to be finalised.

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