Instructions to use espnet/OpenBEATS-Base-i3-as2m with libraries, inference providers, notebooks, and local apps. Follow these links to get started.
- Libraries
- ESPnet
How to use espnet/OpenBEATS-Base-i3-as2m with ESPnet:
unknown model type (must be text-to-speech or automatic-speech-recognition)
- Notebooks
- Google Colab
- Kaggle
| datasets: | |
| - as2m | |
| license: cc-by-4.0 | |
| pipeline_tag: audio-classification | |
| library_name: espnet | |
| tags: | |
| - espnet | |
| - audio | |
| - classification | |
| ## ESPnet2 CLS model | |
| ### `espnet/OpenBEATS-Base-i3-as2m` | |
| This model was trained by Shikhar Bharadwaj using as2m recipe in [espnet](https://github.com/espnet/espnet/). | |
| It is presented in the paper [OpenBEATs: A Fully Open-Source General-Purpose Audio Encoder](https://huggingface.co/papers/2507.14129). | |
| * **GitHub Repository:** [Shikhar-S/OpenBEATs](https://github.com/Shikhar-S/OpenBEATs) | |
| ### Usage | |
| You can run this model using the `openbeats` library: | |
| ```bash | |
| pip install openbeats | |
| ``` | |
| ```python | |
| from openbeats.model import OpenBeats | |
| from openbeats.utils import load_audio | |
| # load model | |
| model = OpenBeats.from_pretrained("espnet/OpenBEATS-Base-i3-as2m", device="cuda") | |
| # from a file with any sample rate | |
| out = model.encode_file("audio.wav") # pass chunk_seconds=10 for long audio | |
| # or load the waveform in 16khz monoaural array with values in [-1,1] | |
| wav, sr = load_audio("audio.wav") | |
| # and pass it | |
| out = model.encode(wav, sr) | |
| print(out["patch_embeddings"].shape) | |
| ``` | |
| ## CLS config | |
| <details><summary>expand</summary> | |
| ``` | |
| config: /work/nvme/bbjs/sbharadwaj/espnet/egs2/audioverse/v1/exp/earbasei3/conf/ear_base/audioset2m.yaml | |
| print_config: false | |
| log_level: INFO | |
| drop_last_iter: false | |
| dry_run: false | |
| iterator_type: sequence | |
| valid_iterator_type: null | |
| output_dir: /work/nvme/bbjs/sbharadwaj/espnet/egs2/audioverse/v1/exp/audioset2m/cls_earbasei3 | |
| ngpu: 0 | |
| seed: 0 | |
| num_workers: 2 | |
| num_att_plot: 0 | |
| dist_backend: nccl | |
| dist_init_method: env:// | |
| dist_world_size: null | |
| dist_rank: null | |
| local_rank: null | |
| dist_master_addr: null | |
| dist_master_port: null | |
| dist_launcher: null | |
| multiprocessing_distributed: false | |
| unused_parameters: true | |
| sharded_ddp: false | |
| use_deepspeed: false | |
| deepspeed_config: null | |
| gradient_as_bucket_view: true | |
| ddp_comm_hook: null | |
| cudnn_enabled: true | |
| cudnn_benchmark: false | |
| cudnn_deterministic: true | |
| use_tf32: false | |
| collect_stats: false | |
| write_collected_feats: false | |
| max_epoch: 16 | |
| patience: null | |
| val_scheduler_criterion: | |
| - valid | |
| - loss | |
| early_stopping_criterion: | |
| - valid | |
| - loss | |
| - min | |
| best_model_criterion: | |
| - - valid | |
| - epoch_mAP | |
| - max | |
| keep_nbest_models: 1 | |
| nbest_averaging_interval: 0 | |
| grad_clip: 1 | |
| grad_clip_type: 2.0 | |
| grad_noise: false | |
| accum_grad: 2 | |
| no_forward_run: false | |
| resume: true | |
| train_dtype: float32 | |
| use_amp: false | |
| log_interval: null | |
| use_matplotlib: true | |
| use_tensorboard: true | |
| create_graph_in_tensorboard: false | |
| use_wandb: true | |
| wandb_project: audioverse | |
| wandb_id: null | |
| wandb_entity: shikhar | |
| wandb_name: audioset2m.earbasei3 | |
| wandb_model_log_interval: -1 | |
| detect_anomaly: false | |
| use_adapter: false | |
| adapter: lora | |
| save_strategy: all | |
| adapter_conf: {} | |
| pretrain_path: null | |
| init_param: [] | |
| ignore_init_mismatch: false | |
| freeze_param: [] | |
| num_iters_per_epoch: null | |
| batch_size: 320 | |
| valid_batch_size: 1200 | |
| batch_bins: 1000000 | |
| valid_batch_bins: null | |
| category_sample_size: 10 | |
| train_shape_file: | |
| - /work/nvme/bbjs/sbharadwaj/espnet/egs2/audioverse/v1/exp/audioset2m/cls_stats_16k/train/speech_shape | |
| - /work/nvme/bbjs/sbharadwaj/espnet/egs2/audioverse/v1/exp/audioset2m/cls_stats_16k/train/label_shape | |
| valid_shape_file: | |
| - /work/nvme/bbjs/sbharadwaj/espnet/egs2/audioverse/v1/exp/audioset2m/cls_stats_16k/valid/speech_shape | |
| - /work/nvme/bbjs/sbharadwaj/espnet/egs2/audioverse/v1/exp/audioset2m/cls_stats_16k/valid/label_shape | |
| batch_type: folded | |
| valid_batch_type: folded | |
| fold_length: | |
| - 160000 | |
| - 600 | |
| sort_in_batch: descending | |
| shuffle_within_batch: false | |
| sort_batch: descending | |
| multiple_iterator: false | |
| utt2weight_file: null | |
| chunk_length: 500 | |
| chunk_shift_ratio: 0.5 | |
| num_cache_chunks: 1024 | |
| chunk_excluded_key_prefixes: [] | |
| chunk_default_fs: null | |
| chunk_max_abs_length: null | |
| chunk_discard_short_samples: true | |
| train_data_path_and_name_and_type: | |
| - - /work/nvme/bbjs/sbharadwaj/espnet/egs2/audioverse/v1/dump/audioset2m/train/wav.scp | |
| - speech | |
| - sound | |
| - - /work/nvme/bbjs/sbharadwaj/espnet/egs2/audioverse/v1/dump/audioset2m/train/text | |
| - label | |
| - text | |
| valid_data_path_and_name_and_type: | |
| - - /work/nvme/bbjs/sbharadwaj/espnet/egs2/audioverse/v1/dump/audioset2m/eval/wav.scp | |
| - speech | |
| - sound | |
| - - /work/nvme/bbjs/sbharadwaj/espnet/egs2/audioverse/v1/dump/audioset2m/eval/text | |
| - label | |
| - text | |
| multi_task_dataset: false | |
| allow_variable_data_keys: false | |
| max_cache_size: 0.0 | |
| max_cache_fd: 32 | |
| allow_multi_rates: false | |
| valid_max_cache_size: null | |
| exclude_weight_decay: false | |
| exclude_weight_decay_conf: {} | |
| optim: adamw | |
| optim_conf: | |
| lr: 0.0001 | |
| weight_decay: 0.01 | |
| betas: | |
| - 0.9 | |
| - 0.98 | |
| scheduler: cosineannealingwarmuprestarts | |
| scheduler_conf: | |
| first_cycle_steps: 50000 | |
| warmup_steps: 5000 | |
| max_lr: 0.0001 | |
| min_lr: 5.0e-06 | |
| lightning_conf: | |
| log_every_n_steps: 250 | |
| max_epochs: 16 | |
| strategy: ddp | |
| strategy_conf: | |
| find_unused_parameters: true | |
| best_model_criterion: | |
| - - valid/epoch_mAP | |
| - max | |
| - 1 | |
| devices: 4 | |
| num_nodes: 1 | |
| default_root_dir: /work/nvme/bbjs/sbharadwaj/espnet/egs2/audioverse/v1/exp/audioset2m/cls_earbasei3 | |
| token_list: | |
| - Music | |
| - Speech | |
| - Vehicle | |
| - Musical_instrument | |
| - Inside,_small_room | |
| - Guitar | |
| - Plucked_string_instrument | |
| - Singing | |
| - Car | |
| - Animal | |
| - Electronic_music | |
| - Outside,_rural_or_natural | |
| - Outside,_urban_or_manmade | |
| - Violin,_fiddle | |
| - Inside,_large_room_or_hall | |
| - Bird | |
| - Drum | |
| - Domestic_animals,_pets | |
| - Dubstep | |
| - Male_speech,_man_speaking | |
| - Techno | |
| - Percussion | |
| - Engine | |
| - Narration,_monologue | |
| - Drum_kit | |
| - Acoustic_guitar | |
| - Strum | |
| - Dog | |
| - Boat,_Water_vehicle | |
| - Train | |
| - Electric_guitar | |
| - Accelerating,_revving,_vroom | |
| - Piano | |
| - Child_speech,_kid_speaking | |
| - Truck | |
| - Keyboard_(musical) | |
| - Crowd | |
| - Bowed_string_instrument | |
| - Bass_drum | |
| - Rock_and_roll | |
| - Motor_vehicle_(road) | |
| - Pop_music | |
| - Rail_transport | |
| - Pigeon,_dove | |
| - Water | |
| - Female_speech,_woman_speaking | |
| - Orchestra | |
| - Rock_music | |
| - Sound_effect | |
| - Motorboat,_speedboat | |
| - Railroad_car,_train_wagon | |
| - Siren | |
| - Tools | |
| - Female_singing | |
| - Hip_hop_music | |
| - Silence | |
| - Motorcycle | |
| - Male_singing | |
| - Brass_instrument | |
| - Classical_music | |
| - Snare_drum | |
| - Inside,_public_space | |
| - Choir | |
| - Soundtrack_music | |
| - House_music | |
| - Wind | |
| - Race_car,_auto_racing | |
| - Heavy_metal | |
| - Bass_guitar | |
| - Chicken,_rooster | |
| - Wind_noise_(microphone) | |
| - Idling | |
| - Medium_engine_(mid_frequency) | |
| - Bird_vocalization,_bird_call,_bird_song | |
| - Fowl | |
| - Wind_instrument,_woodwind_instrument | |
| - Exciting_music | |
| - Country | |
| - Laughter | |
| - Marimba,_xylophone | |
| - Sampler | |
| - Emergency_vehicle | |
| - Aircraft | |
| - Electronica | |
| - Ukulele | |
| - Cello | |
| - Bus | |
| - Rhythm_and_blues | |
| - Synthesizer | |
| - Background_music | |
| - Jazz | |
| - Mantra | |
| - Dance_music | |
| - Flute | |
| - Blues | |
| - Effects_unit | |
| - Electric_piano | |
| - Cymbal | |
| - Chirp,_tweet | |
| - Rimshot | |
| - Rapping | |
| - Trance_music | |
| - Livestock,_farm_animals,_working_animals | |
| - Run | |
| - Cheering | |
| - Electronic_dance_music | |
| - Theme_music | |
| - Gospel_music | |
| - Heavy_engine_(low_frequency) | |
| - Radio | |
| - Music_of_Latin_America | |
| - Disco | |
| - Glockenspiel | |
| - Tender_music | |
| - Punk_rock | |
| - Funk | |
| - Gunshot,_gunfire | |
| - Hi-hat | |
| - Bow-wow | |
| - Cat | |
| - Music_of_Asia | |
| - Trumpet | |
| - Car_passing_by | |
| - Drum_and_bass | |
| - Vehicle_horn,_car_horn,_honking | |
| - Helicopter | |
| - Vocal_music | |
| - Police_car_(siren) | |
| - Pizzicato | |
| - Progressive_rock | |
| - Tap | |
| - Printer | |
| - Video_game_music | |
| - Music_for_children | |
| - Clip-clop | |
| - Ocean | |
| - Drum_machine | |
| - Rain | |
| - Horse | |
| - Power_tool | |
| - Wood | |
| - Lullaby | |
| - Mallet_percussion | |
| - Reggae | |
| - Fire_engine,_fire_truck_(siren) | |
| - New-age_music | |
| - Christian_music | |
| - Spray | |
| - Saxophone | |
| - Fireworks | |
| - Skateboard | |
| - Independent_music | |
| - Fixed-wing_aircraft,_airplane | |
| - Drum_roll | |
| - Insect | |
| - Bicycle | |
| - Coo | |
| - Tick-tock | |
| - Accordion | |
| - Scratching_(performance_technique) | |
| - Soul_music | |
| - Rain_on_surface | |
| - Stream | |
| - Rowboat,_canoe,_kayak | |
| - Organ | |
| - Ambient_music | |
| - Steel_guitar,_slide_guitar | |
| - Waves,_surf | |
| - Distortion | |
| - Music_of_Africa | |
| - Trombone | |
| - Bluegrass | |
| - Sailboat,_sailing_ship | |
| - Afrobeat | |
| - Sheep | |
| - Child_singing | |
| - Bark | |
| - Duck | |
| - Salsa_music | |
| - Quack | |
| - Door | |
| - Hiss | |
| - Cluck | |
| - Beatboxing | |
| - Music_of_Bollywood | |
| - Banjo | |
| - Vibration | |
| - Water_tap,_faucet | |
| - Baby_cry,_infant_cry | |
| - Mandolin | |
| - Yip | |
| - Flamenco | |
| - Snoring | |
| - Psychedelic_rock | |
| - Opera | |
| - Explosion | |
| - Double_bass | |
| - Burst,_pop | |
| - Toilet_flush | |
| - Conversation | |
| - Applause | |
| - Television | |
| - Harmonica | |
| - Train_horn | |
| - Folk_music | |
| - Wood_block | |
| - Christmas_music | |
| - Clarinet | |
| - Steam | |
| - Typing | |
| - Crowing,_cock-a-doodle-doo | |
| - Bleat | |
| - Basketball_bounce | |
| - Middle_Eastern_music | |
| - Goat | |
| - Roll | |
| - Harp | |
| - Harpsichord | |
| - Computer_keyboard | |
| - Grunge | |
| - Vacuum_cleaner | |
| - Whistling | |
| - Drill | |
| - Clickety-clack | |
| - Meow | |
| - Chatter | |
| - Gurgling | |
| - A_capella | |
| - Civil_defense_siren | |
| - Whoop | |
| - Sewing_machine | |
| - Bee,_wasp,_etc. | |
| - Ambulance_(siren) | |
| - Machine_gun | |
| - Bell | |
| - Honk | |
| - Snicker | |
| - Whimper_(dog) | |
| - Dishes,_pots,_and_pans | |
| - Tapping_(guitar_technique) | |
| - White_noise | |
| - Sad_music | |
| - Thump,_thud | |
| - Chainsaw | |
| - Goose | |
| - Bagpipes | |
| - Oink | |
| - Tick | |
| - Song | |
| - Traditional_music | |
| - Tabla | |
| - Scary_music | |
| - Subway,_metro,_underground | |
| - Rustling_leaves | |
| - Liquid | |
| - Ska | |
| - Chant | |
| - Speech_synthesizer | |
| - Canidae,_dogs,_wolves | |
| - Walk,_footsteps | |
| - Mechanisms | |
| - Chuckle,_chortle | |
| - Traffic_noise,_roadway_noise | |
| - Bathtub_(filling_or_washing) | |
| - Boom | |
| - Carnatic_music | |
| - Fusillade | |
| - Swing_music | |
| - Whispering | |
| - Lawn_mower | |
| - Crumpling,_crinkling | |
| - Frying_(food) | |
| - Beep,_bleep | |
| - Sitar | |
| - Tire_squeal | |
| - Whack,_thwack | |
| - Sink_(filling_or_washing) | |
| - Skidding | |
| - Vibraphone | |
| - Rub | |
| - Waterfall | |
| - Crackle | |
| - Rustle | |
| - Smash,_crash | |
| - Hubbub,_speech_noise,_speech_babble | |
| - Happy_music | |
| - Electronic_tuner | |
| - Crying,_sobbing | |
| - Fire | |
| - Jingle_(music) | |
| - Fly,_housefly | |
| - Hammond_organ | |
| - Whoosh,_swoosh,_swish | |
| - Hum | |
| - Timpani | |
| - Shout | |
| - Clatter | |
| - Trickle,_dribble | |
| - Sizzle | |
| - Electronic_organ | |
| - Burping,_eructation | |
| - Firecracker | |
| - Throbbing | |
| - Telephone | |
| - Thunder | |
| - Echo | |
| - Blender | |
| - Thunderstorm | |
| - Frog | |
| - Whimper | |
| - Didgeridoo | |
| - Environmental_noise | |
| - Snake | |
| - Raindrop | |
| - Fart | |
| - French_horn | |
| - Slosh | |
| - Zither | |
| - Screaming | |
| - Jingle,_tinkle | |
| - Church_bell | |
| - String_section | |
| - Sneeze | |
| - Jingle_bell | |
| - Aircraft_engine | |
| - Funny_music | |
| - Angry_music | |
| - Wild_animals | |
| - Turkey | |
| - Engine_starting | |
| - Rattle | |
| - Arrow | |
| - Ringtone | |
| - Propeller,_airscrew | |
| - Sliding_door | |
| - Heart_sounds,_heartbeat | |
| - Pink_noise | |
| - Steelpan | |
| - Giggle | |
| - Pig | |
| - Buzzer | |
| - Artillery_fire | |
| - Splash,_splatter | |
| - Roar | |
| - Fire_alarm | |
| - Hiccup | |
| - Gobble | |
| - Air_brake | |
| - Chime | |
| - Plop | |
| - Singing_bowl | |
| - Cattle,_bovinae | |
| - Cutlery,_silverware | |
| - Slap,_smack | |
| - Cough | |
| - Ship | |
| - Reverberation | |
| - Babbling | |
| - Cacophony | |
| - Electric_shaver,_electric_razor | |
| - Baby_laughter | |
| - Cricket | |
| - Crow | |
| - Writing | |
| - Glass | |
| - Howl | |
| - Slam | |
| - Belly_laugh | |
| - Mechanical_fan | |
| - Breathing | |
| - Children_playing | |
| - Chewing,_mastication | |
| - Microwave_oven | |
| - Stir | |
| - Wedding_music | |
| - Ping | |
| - Sawing | |
| - Eruption | |
| - Steam_whistle | |
| - Yell | |
| - Clapping | |
| - Alarm | |
| - Chink,_clink | |
| - Growling | |
| - Roaring_cats_(lions,_tigers) | |
| - Drip | |
| - Air_horn,_truck_horn | |
| - Clicking | |
| - Toot | |
| - Ding | |
| - Harmonic | |
| - Jet_engine | |
| - Moo | |
| - Tambourine | |
| - Train_whistle | |
| - Clock | |
| - Children_shouting | |
| - Engine_knocking | |
| - Patter | |
| - Ratchet,_pawl | |
| - Filing_(rasp) | |
| - Groan | |
| - Telephone_bell_ringing | |
| - Change_ringing_(campanology) | |
| - Cap_gun | |
| - Whistle | |
| - Synthetic_singing | |
| - Rodents,_rats,_mice | |
| - Fill_(with_liquid) | |
| - Owl | |
| - Theremin | |
| - Typewriter | |
| - Gears | |
| - Pump_(liquid) | |
| - Caw | |
| - Maraca | |
| - Neigh,_whinny | |
| - Alarm_clock | |
| - Wind_chime | |
| - Shuffle | |
| - Smoke_detector,_smoke_alarm | |
| - Train_wheels_squealing | |
| - Purr | |
| - Static | |
| - Caterwaul | |
| - Snort | |
| - Bellow | |
| - Tubular_bells | |
| - Yodeling | |
| - Keys_jangling | |
| - Battle_cry | |
| - Hammer | |
| - Rumble | |
| - Gong | |
| - Single-lens_reflex_camera | |
| - Flap | |
| - Boing | |
| - Car_alarm | |
| - Ding-dong | |
| - Breaking | |
| - Sine_wave | |
| - Telephone_dialing,_DTMF | |
| - Whip | |
| - Boiling | |
| - Buzz | |
| - Mains_hum | |
| - Chop | |
| - Heart_murmur | |
| - Light_engine_(high_frequency) | |
| - Hands | |
| - Camera | |
| - Humming | |
| - Thunk | |
| - Rattle_(instrument) | |
| - Scrape | |
| - Gush | |
| - Mouse | |
| - Air_conditioning | |
| - Scratch | |
| - Pour | |
| - Coin_(dropping) | |
| - Hair_dryer | |
| - Chorus_effect | |
| - Croak | |
| - Squish | |
| - Dial_tone | |
| - Crunch | |
| - Tearing | |
| - Field_recording | |
| - Cash_register | |
| - Zipper_(clothing) | |
| - Bang | |
| - Shatter | |
| - Biting | |
| - Throat_clearing | |
| - Bird_flight,_flapping_wings | |
| - Noise | |
| - Mosquito | |
| - Reversing_beeps | |
| - Sonar | |
| - Grunt | |
| - Shofar | |
| - Doorbell | |
| - Ice_cream_truck,_ice_cream_van | |
| - Gasp | |
| - Shuffling_cards | |
| - Knock | |
| - Sigh | |
| - Scissors | |
| - Clang | |
| - Cowbell | |
| - Pant | |
| - Electric_toothbrush | |
| - Jackhammer | |
| - Busy_signal | |
| - Drawer_open_or_close | |
| - Whir | |
| - Power_windows,_electric_windows | |
| - Crack | |
| - Whale_vocalization | |
| - Zing | |
| - Stomach_rumble | |
| - Wail,_moan | |
| - Bouncing | |
| - Pulse | |
| - Foghorn | |
| - Bicycle_bell | |
| - Sniff | |
| - Chirp_tone | |
| - Squeak | |
| - Cupboard_open_or_close | |
| - Sanding | |
| - Sidetone | |
| - Wheeze | |
| - Squawk | |
| - Squeal | |
| - Splinter | |
| - Dental_drill,_dentist's_drill | |
| - Finger_snapping | |
| - Chopping_(food) | |
| - Tuning_fork | |
| - Gargling | |
| - Pulleys | |
| - Toothbrush | |
| - Creak | |
| - Crushing | |
| - Hoot | |
| - <blank> | |
| - <unk> | |
| text_token_list: null | |
| text_bpemodel: null | |
| init: xavier_normal | |
| input_size: 1 | |
| use_preprocessor: true | |
| frontend: null | |
| frontend_conf: {} | |
| specaug: null | |
| specaug_conf: {} | |
| normalize: null | |
| normalize_conf: {} | |
| preencoder: null | |
| preencoder_conf: {} | |
| encoder: beats | |
| encoder_conf: | |
| beats_ckpt_path: /work/nvme/bbjs/sbharadwaj/7Msounds/exp/beats_iter2_base2.tune_lr5e-4_warmup40000_bins1600000_totalsteps400000/epoch_latest.pt | |
| beats_config: | |
| layer_wise_gradient_decay_ratio: 0.6 | |
| encoder_layerdrop: 0.1 | |
| dropout: 0.0 | |
| use_weighted_representation: false | |
| specaug_config: | |
| apply_time_warp: true | |
| apply_freq_mask: false | |
| apply_time_mask: true | |
| time_mask_width_ratio_range: | |
| - 0 | |
| - 0.06 | |
| num_time_mask: 1 | |
| roll_augment: true | |
| roll_interval: 1 | |
| text_encoder: null | |
| text_encoder_conf: {} | |
| embedding_fusion: null | |
| embedding_fusion_conf: {} | |
| decoder: linear | |
| decoder_conf: {} | |
| model: espnet | |
| model_conf: | |
| classification_type: multi-label | |
| mixup_probability: 0.8 | |
| lsm_weight: 0.0 | |
| log_epoch_metrics: true | |
| user_callbacks: | |
| - mAP_logging | |
| required: | |
| - output_dir | |
| - token_list | |
| task: cls | |
| ``` | |
| </details> | |
| ### Citations | |
| ```BibTex | |
| @article{bharadwaj2025openbeats, | |
| title={OpenBEATs: A Fully Open-Source General-Purpose Audio Encoder}, | |
| author={Bharadwaj, Shikhar and Cornell, Samuele and Choi, Kwanghee and Fukayama, Satoru and Shim, Hye-jin and Deshmukh, Soham and Watanabe, Shinji}, | |
| journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.14129}, | |
| year={2025} | |
| } | |
| @inproceedings{watanabe2018espnet, | |
| author={Shinji Watanabe and Takaaki Hori and Shigeki Karita and Tomoki Hayashi and Jiro Nishitoba and Yuya Unno and Nelson Yalta and Jahn Heymann and Matthew Wiesner and Nanxin Chen and Adithya Renduchintala and Tsubasa Ochiai}, | |
| title={{ESPnet}: End-to-End Speech Processing Toolkit}, | |
| year={2018}, | |
| booktitle={Proceedings of Interspeech}, | |
| pages={2207--2211}, | |
| doi={10.21437/Interspeech.2018-1456}, | |
| url={http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/Interspeech.2018-1456} | |
| } | |
| ``` |