README.md

metadata

tags:
  - sentence-transformers
  - sentence-similarity
  - feature-extraction
  - generated_from_trainer
  - dataset_size:2351
  - loss:CosineSimilarityLoss
base_model: sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2
widget:
  - source_sentence: Are your thoughts sometimes so strong that you can almost hear them?
    sentences:
      - >-
        My emotions have almost always seemed flat regardless of what is going
        on around me.
      - >-
        Having powerful images or memories that sometimes come into your mind in
        which you feel the experience is happening again in the here and now?
      - >-
        I often think that I hear people talking only to discover that there was
        no one there.
  - source_sentence: Having difficulty concentrating?
    sentences:
      - >-
        My thoughts are so hazy and unclear that I wish that I could just reach
        up and put them into place.
      - >-
        Most of the time I find it is very difficult to get my thoughts in
        order.
      - Experienced sleep disturbances?
  - source_sentence: Feeling jumpy or easily startled?
    sentences:
      - I often worry that someone or something is controlling my behavior.
      - People find my conversations to be confusing or hard to follow.
      - Worried a lot about different things?
  - source_sentence: >-
      Do you often have to keep an eye out to stop people from taking advantage
      of you?
    sentences:
      - I find that I am very often confused about what is going on around me.
      - >-
        I sometimes wonder if there is a small group of people who can control
        everyone else's behavior.
      - I have sometimes felt that strangers were reading my mind.
  - source_sentence: I am not good at expressing my true feelings by the way I talk and look.
    sentences:
      - Felt down or depressed for most of the day
      - Felt nervous or anxious?
      - Experienced sleep disturbances?
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
  - pearson_cosine
  - spearman_cosine
model-index:
  - name: SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2
    results:
      - task:
          type: semantic-similarity
          name: Semantic Similarity
        dataset:
          name: Unknown
          type: unknown
        metrics:
          - type: pearson_cosine
            value: 0.5680489773046146
            name: Pearson Cosine
          - type: spearman_cosine
            value: 0.5532689999140259
            name: Spearman Cosine

SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2
• Maximum Sequence Length: 384 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 384, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: MPNetModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'I am not good at expressing my true feelings by the way I talk and look.',
    'Felt nervous or anxious?',
    'Experienced sleep disturbances?',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Semantic Similarity

• Evaluated with EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator

Metric	Value
pearson_cosine	0.568
spearman_cosine	0.5533

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 2,351 training samples
• Columns: sentence1, sentence2, and score
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	sentence1	sentence2	score
  type	string	string	float
  details	min: 5 tokens mean: 16.73 tokens max: 47 tokens	min: 5 tokens mean: 14.82 tokens max: 28 tokens	min: 0.0 mean: 0.26 max: 1.0

• Samples:

  sentence1	sentence2	score
  Do you believe in telepathy (mind-reading)?	I believe that there are secret signs in the world if you just know how to look for them.	0.15
  Irritable behavior, angry outbursts, or acting aggressively?	Felt “on edge”?	0.62
  I have some eccentric (odd) habits.	I often have difficulty following what someone is saying to me.	0.0

• Loss: CosineSimilarityLoss with these parameters:

  {
      "loss_fct": "torch.nn.modules.loss.L1Loss"
  }
  

Evaluation Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 236 evaluation samples
• Columns: sentence1, sentence2, and score
• Approximate statistics based on the first 236 samples:

  	sentence1	sentence2	score
  type	string	string	float
  details	min: 6 tokens mean: 16.4 tokens max: 47 tokens	min: 5 tokens mean: 14.76 tokens max: 28 tokens	min: 0.0 mean: 0.29 max: 1.0

• Samples:

  sentence1	sentence2	score
  Feeling afraid as if something awful might happen?	I have trouble following conversations with others.	0.19
  Do you believe in telepathy (mind-reading)?	Feeling jumpy or easily startled?	0.1
  Other people see me as slightly eccentric (odd).	I have felt that there were messages for me in the way things were arranged, like furniture in a room.	0.0

• Loss: CosineSimilarityLoss with these parameters:

  {
      "loss_fct": "torch.nn.modules.loss.L1Loss"
  }
  

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• eval_strategy: steps
• per_device_train_batch_size: 16

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• eval_strategy: steps
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 16
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 8
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• learning_rate: 5e-05
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1.0
• num_train_epochs: 3
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.0
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• use_ipex: False
• bf16: False
• fp16: False
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: False
• dataloader_num_workers: 0
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: False
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: False
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: None
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_private_repo: None
• hub_always_push: False
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• include_for_metrics: []
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: None
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• dispatch_batches: None
• split_batches: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• eval_on_start: False
• use_liger_kernel: False
• eval_use_gather_object: False
• average_tokens_across_devices: False
• prompts: None
• batch_sampler: batch_sampler
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	Validation Loss	spearman_cosine
0.0680	10	0.2239	-	-
0.1361	20	0.2188	-	-
0.2041	30	0.2007	-	-
0.2721	40	0.2045	-	-
0.3401	50	0.2179	0.2197	-
0.4082	60	0.2106	-	-
0.4762	70	0.2124	-	-
0.5442	80	0.2046	-	-
0.6122	90	0.2069	-	-
0.6803	100	0.1965	0.2112	-
0.7483	110	0.2355	-	-
0.8163	120	0.2012	-	-
0.8844	130	0.2402	-	-
0.9524	140	0.2173	-	-
1.0204	150	0.1763	0.2043	-
1.0884	160	0.1862	-	-
1.1565	170	0.1854	-	-
1.2245	180	0.193	-	-
1.2925	190	0.1852	-	-
1.3605	200	0.1908	0.1950	-
1.4286	210	0.2002	-	-
1.4966	220	0.1945	-	-
1.5646	230	0.193	-	-
1.6327	240	0.1893	-	-
1.7007	250	0.171	0.1937	-
1.7687	260	0.1848	-	-
1.8367	270	0.1909	-	-
1.9048	280	0.2138	-	-
1.9728	290	0.2014	-	-
2.0408	300	0.1855	0.1867	-
2.1088	310	0.1891	-	-
2.1769	320	0.1849	-	-
2.2449	330	0.1741	-	-
2.3129	340	0.1775	-	-
2.3810	350	0.178	0.1871	-
2.4490	360	0.1778	-	-
2.5170	370	0.174	-	-
2.5850	380	0.1654	-	-
2.6531	390	0.1954	-	-
2.7211	400	0.1584	0.1860	-
2.7891	410	0.2019	-	-
2.8571	420	0.1941	-	-
2.9252	430	0.1855	-	-
2.9932	440	0.1823	-	-
3.0	441	-	-	0.5533

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.10.12
• Sentence Transformers: 3.3.1
• Transformers: 4.47.1
• PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu121
• Accelerate: 1.2.1
• Datasets: 3.2.0
• Tokenizers: 0.21.0

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}