title: Capability gallery
Capability gallery
74 capabilities, one screenshot each - and every one of the 147 public callables in the package (functions, methods, classes and protocols) appears in at least one of them, together with 6 of its public constants.
Nothing here is a mock-up. Each picture is produced by showcase.py: a command or a call is run for real, and its actual output - or the real desktop it acted on - is what you see. The desktop shots are real screen captures on a real X server (Xvfb, 1280x800), including a real mouse click verified by the target application's own reaction.
An honest note on the platform. These were captured on Linux, because the sandbox that builds this card has no Windows: no KVM, no QEMU and no Windows image. The harness is OS-agnostic (pyautogui uses
SendInputon Windows, andGrabScreenfalls back to Pillow'sImageGrab), so these are the same code paths - but they are not Windows pixels. The Windows twins are generated by the same script in.github/workflows/live-desktop.yml.
Regenerate it with python showcase.py (--list to see the ids, --only <id> for a subset, --card to rewrite this section). It runs the calls for real, so a broken capability fails loudly instead of shipping a stale picture.
| area | capabilities |
|---|---|
| Action vocabulary | 3 |
| Decisions | 7 |
| Execution | 2 |
| The loop | 8 |
| Safety | 4 |
| Screens | 6 |
| Perception | 8 |
| Preflight | 4 |
| Models | 7 |
| Traces & scoring | 7 |
| Command line | 9 |
| Real desktop | 8 |
| Extensibility | 1 |
Action vocabulary
The six verbs, and only six
Every action is validated on construction, before anything touches the machine.
shows: ACTION_KINDS, ACTION_MENU, Action, Action.describe, Action.to_dict, parse_action
Malformed actions are refused, not guessed at
An unknown verb or a missing target raises before the machine is touched.
shows: ActionError, Action, parse_action
The contract handed to a model
The prompt-side menu: one JSON object, six shapes, no invented verbs.
shows: ACTION_MENU
Decisions
A short numbered menu, in reading order
A 256M model cannot emit coordinates; it can pick a number from twelve.
shows: DecisionMenu, DecisionMenu.render, MenuItem, MenuItem.label
Menu lookup tolerates what models actually send
1, "2", 2.0 and "Save." all resolve; a stray word resolves to nothing.
shows: DecisionMenu.item, DecisionMenu.find, DecisionMenu.mentioned_in
Reading a decision out of a small model's reply
The LAST JSON object wins, because a model that echoes its prompt answers last.
shows: parse_decision, extract_json_object, extract_json_objects, DecisionMenu
An echoed prompt is refused; a right answer in the wrong field is recovered
Real 256M/0.5B failure modes, both caught: no blind click either way.
shows: parse_decision, BrainError, DecisionMenu.mentioned_in
A garbled verb with a valid label is still usable
A 256M model really does emit {"kind": "file", "label": "Save"}.
shows: parse_decision, BrainError
MockBrain: replay a fixed script, exactly once
Deterministic and offline - the workhorse for tests, demos and replays.
shows: MockBrain, MockBrain.decide, MockBrain.remaining
PlannerBrain: no weights, no download, and it gives up honestly
The proof the harness works end to end, and a real fallback when no model is wanted.
shows: PlannerBrain, PlannerBrain.decide, GoalUnreachable
Execution
Dry run resolves every click to pixels - and touches nothing
The default everywhere: read a whole episode before anything clicks.
shows: DryRunExecutor, DryRunExecutor.execute, resolve_point, ActionResult
Real input refuses to guess a pixel for a label it cannot find
This is the gate between a hallucinated label and 'Delete account'.
shows: ActionResult.summary, InputUnavailable, PyAutoGuiExecutor, PyAutoGuiExecutor.execute
The loop
observe -> think -> act -> verify, traced end to end
One call runs a whole episode; every step is kept for audit.
shows: AgentLoop, AgentLoop.run, Episode, Episode.render, Episode.to_rows, Step, Step.line, Step.ok
A hard step budget, so a run cannot wander
The budget ends the episode and says so; nothing executes past it.
shows: Policy, Policy.step_budget, AgentLoop.run
Repeating one action against an unchanged screen is stopped
A stuck agent is not a persistent one - it is stopped and told why.
shows: AgentLoop.run, Step, Step.error
A kill-switch file aborts before the next action
Checked before every single action: create the file, the run stops.
shows: Policy.kill_switch_path, Policy.should_stop, AgentLoop.run
A dead screen or a broken brain is an episode, not a traceback
Every failure path is recorded as a failed step with a reason.
shows: AgentLoop.run, Episode.stop_reason, GoalUnreachable, BrainError
Success is evidence, not the model's word
Without a verifier, a successful action that removes its own target looks like a failure.
shows: AgentLoop.run, Episode.success, Observation.text
Every step can be streamed out as it happens
This is the hook a live console, a progress bar or a websocket uses.
shows: AgentLoop.run, Step.line, on_step
The same loop, one turn at a time, with pause and resume
run() is batch; a console needs the caller to own the loop. These are the same rules.
shows: AgentLoop, AgentLoop.begin, AgentLoop.step_once, AgentLoop.pause, AgentLoop.resume, AgentLoop.finished, AgentLoop.run, Step.line
Safety
Typing from the deny list never reaches the keyboard
Checked before execution; a refusal ends the episode and clicks nothing.
shows: Policy, Policy.check, PolicyViolation, DEFAULT_DENY_TEXT
Clicking a denied widget is refused, however the label is spelled
Terminal, keychain, wallet, password manager, bank - matched on the label.
shows: Policy.deny_labels, Policy.check, Observation.find
Key chords on the deny list are never pressed
ctrl+alt+t, ctrl+alt+delete and ctrl+shift+escape are refused by default.
shows: Policy.deny_keys, Policy.check, PolicyViolation
A numbered grid cell is a blind click: allowed to plan, refused for real
With real input the blind guess is refused unless you pass --allow-grid.
shows: Policy.allow_grid_clicks, Policy.check, GridDetector
Screens
A scripted screen, for testing the loop with no display
The final frame repeats forever, so a runaway agent cannot exhaust the script.
shows: FakeScreen, FakeScreen.capture, Observation
A still image (or a sequence) replayed as a screen
Lets the whole pipeline be exercised with no display, and a failure be replayed.
shows: ImageScreen, ImageScreen.capture, fake_desktop
Real capture: monitors, downscaling, and HiDPI mapping
Frame pixel -> screen pixel is preserved, so a click cannot drift.
shows: GrabScreen, GrabScreen.capture, GrabScreen.map_to_screen, ScreenUnavailable
Labels are compared on their alphanumeric core
OCR loses spaces, models add punctuation - so nothing matches by exact string.
shows: Element, Element.center, Element.matches, Observation.find, normalise_label
The compact text a model is shown
This is the whole world as the brain sees it - capped, and honest when empty.
shows: Observation.summary
The built-in synthetic desktop
Draws a screenshot-like desktop offline - the same image --image example replays.
shows: fake_desktop, write_fake_desktop, OcrDetector
Perception
Probing for a detector, and building one by name
The doctor and the CLI both ask this before promising anything.
shows: detector_available, make_detector, DetectorUnavailable, Detector
OCR turns a screenshot into labelled, clickable elements
The model never has to guess where anything is: this is the grounding.
shows: OcrDetector, OcrDetector.detect, Element
Three knobs keep dialog prose out of the menu
Every extra line of noise is one more chance for a small model to click prose.
shows: OcrDetector.min_score, OcrDetector.max_label_chars, OcrDetector.min_label_chars
A numbered grid, for screens with no text at all
An agent with an empty index has no legal moves; a grid always has moves.
shows: GridDetector, GridDetector.detect
OCR when there is text, a grid when there is none
The default: useful with nothing installed, better the moment OCR appears.
shows: AutoDetector, AutoDetector.detect, AutoDetector.coordinates_of_last_detect
IndexedScreen: capture + detect, composed
One capture() call gives the loop an index it can act on.
shows: IndexedScreen, IndexedScreen.capture, Observation.summary
The accessibility tree: elements the OS already knows about
No pixels are read: GTK publishes every button's name and screen extents.
shows: AtspiDetector, AtspiDetector.detect, AtspiDetector.text, AtspiDetector.coordinates_of_last_detect, AtspiReader, AtspiReader.read, AccessibleNode, TreeReader, TreeReader.read, accessibility_available, INTERACTIVE_ROLES, TEXT_ROLES
The Windows backend: the same index, from UI Automation
Windows-only, so the mapping is exercised here against a synthetic control tree.
shows: UiaReader, UiaReader.read, UiaDetector, UiaDetector.detect, UiaDetector.text, UiaDetector.coordinates_of_last_detect
Preflight
Is there a desktop session to drive at all?
The first question the CLI and the doctor both ask.
shows: display_available
Every precondition, one list, each with the fix
Eight checks; a required one that fails is a blocking problem.
shows: run_checks, Check, Check.render
python -m tiny_computer_agent --doctor
The first thing to run on a new machine. Exits non-zero when not ready.
shows: detector_available, display_available, doctor, report
One call wires screen + detector + brain + executor + policy
Defaults are the safe ones: dry run, a step budget, and a kill-switch file.
shows: build_agent, Policy, AgentLoop
Models
Which model runtime is present, and are the weights cached?
Weights are loaded lazily, so asking is free.
shows: model_dependencies, model_cached, MODEL_BRAINS, make_model_brain, DEFAULT_TEXT_MODEL, DEFAULT_VISION_MODEL, BrainError
Device and dtype selection
CUDA if it is there, CPU otherwise; the harness never needs a GPU.
shows: resolve_device, pick_dtype
The prompt a model actually receives - and how it learns from a dead end
Placeholders, not worked examples: a weak model echoes the prompt, and an echo fails validation.
shows: ModelBrain, ModelBrain.build_prompt, ModelBrain.decide
A second decision is told what already failed
'you already tried this and the screen did NOT change' is the most useful line a small model gets.
shows: ModelBrain, ModelBrain.build_prompt, ModelBrain.history
The two real model backends, and lazy loading
Constructing a brain costs nothing; the weights arrive on the first decide().
shows: TextPlannerBrain, VLMBrain, TextPlannerBrain.unload, VLMBrain.unload, ModelBrain.loaded, make_model_brain
Constrained decoding: make an echo impossible, not merely detected
The 256M model's failure was answering with the prompt. A mask removes that option.
shows: MenuMask, digit_token_ids, choice_token_ids, pair_token_ids, read_choice, read_verdict, brevity_ladder, majority_choice, DIGITS
Four ways to ask a tiny model, and what each one costs
json=free text, choice=one masked number, scan=yes/no per item, rank=log-odds order.
shows: ModelBrain, ModelBrain.loaded, TextPlannerBrain, VLMBrain, make_model_brain
Traces & scoring
A task with one right answer, and the frames to show
Ground truth lives with the task, so a run can be scored at all.
shows: Scenario, Scenario.label, Scenario.screen, Trace.render, run_scenario
An episode becomes a portable, pixel-free trace
JSON, so it diffs in review and replays on a machine with nothing installed.
shows: Trace, Trace.blocked, Trace.choice, Trace.decided, Trace.decision_step, Trace.frames, Trace.load, Trace.name, Trace.record, Trace.save, Trace.to_dict, Trace.to_json, TraceStep, TraceStep.observation, TraceStep.to_dict
Replay a recorded trace against a different brain
The frames are the fixture; the brain is the only variable. Nothing is captured or clicked.
shows: Trace.replay, Trace.observations, score_trace
Counting how often the choice was right
Scored on normalised text, so OCR spacing is forgiven - the same bargain the index makes.
shows: score_trace, score, score_replay, Verdict, Verdict.line
Verdicts collected into an accuracy
The number the whole module exists for: which brain is right, and how often.
shows: Scoreboard, Scoreboard.accuracy, Scoreboard.accuracy_for, Scoreboard.add, Scoreboard.blocked, Scoreboard.brains, Scoreboard.by_brain, Scoreboard.confusion, Scoreboard.earned, Scoreboard.render, Scoreboard.to_rows, Scoreboard.total
Every scenario through every brain, in one table
A fresh brain per task, so state like 'already clicked this' cannot leak between them.
shows: benchmark, Scoreboard.to_rows
Replay a whole recorded suite against one brain
The literal roadmap step: the frames are fixed, nothing new is captured.
shows: benchmark_traces, load_traces, Trace.save
Command line
--image example (replay a screenshot, dry run)
No display needed: the whole pipeline over a still image.
shows: main, build_parser, ImageScreen, detector_available
--script (replay a fixed action list instead of a brain)
The script is validated exactly like a model's answer: nothing skips the gates.
shows: MockBrain, demo_screen, parse_action
--verify-text (the harness decides success, not the brain)
Without it, an action that removes its own target looks like a failure.
shows: AgentLoop.run, Episode.success
--trace / --expected (record the run, then score it)
Writes JSON next to the code, and prints the score straight away.
shows: Trace.record, Trace.save, score_trace
--no-ocr (index a numbered grid instead)
Useful on a machine with no OCR engine, or for a canvas app.
shows: GridDetector, make_detector, detector_available
Exit codes: 0 success, 1 failure, 2 bad usage, 3 no screen
A shell can tell 'it worked' from 'it gave up' without parsing any text.
shows: main
The two deliberate acts before the mouse can move
--real-input without the env var, and --brain vlm with no pixels: both refuse.
shows: main, ALLOW_REAL_INPUT_ENV
--live with no display is refused, with the fix
It tells you what to do instead of dying inside an episode.
shows: display_available, main
--live (your real screen, dry run)
Real capture, real OCR, a real element index - and not one click.
shows: GrabScreen, IndexedScreen, AutoDetector, main
Real desktop
GrabScreen: capture a real desktop
1280x800 of a real X server. mss first, Pillow's ImageGrab as the fallback.
shows: GrabScreen, GrabScreen.capture, ScreenUnavailable
The element index, drawn on the pixels it came from
Every box is a real OCR word with a real screen coordinate: the model picks a label, not a pixel.
shows: OcrDetector, OcrDetector.detect, IndexedScreen, Element.center
A real click, and the window's own reaction
Pixels in, a label chosen, a pixel resolved, a button pressed - and the dialog closed itself.
shows: PyAutoGuiExecutor, AgentLoop.run, Policy.dry_run, resolve_point
Success only when the harness can see it
The app changed its own title and wrote a marker file; the verifier saw the change.
shows: AgentLoop.run, Episode.success, Episode.stop_reason
A screen with no text still has legal moves
OCR finds nothing on a canvas, so the index degrades to numbered cells - and says so.
shows: AutoDetector, GridDetector, OcrDetector
The safety gate, on a real button, in a real window
The Terminal button is visible and labelled - and the policy refuses to press it.
shows: Policy.check, Policy.deny_labels, PolicyViolation, Observation.find
The same click, driven end to end from the CLI
--live --real-input --verify-text Saved: capture, OCR, click, verify, exit code.
shows: main, PyAutoGuiExecutor, AgentLoop.run
Indexed by the accessibility tree, acted on with the real mouse
Roles and extents come from GTK itself; the click is a real one and the app reacts.
shows: AtspiDetector, AtspiDetector.detect, AtspiReader, IndexedScreen, PyAutoGuiExecutor, PlannerBrain
Extensibility
Every stage is a Protocol: bring your own screen, brain, detector, executor
The loop depends on four one-method contracts, not on the shipped implementations.
shows: Brain, Brain.decide, ScreenSource, ScreenSource.capture, Detector, Detector.detect, Executor, Executor.execute, ActionResult