Kurdish Tokenizer (Unigram, 32k) — Kurmancî · Soranî · Zazakî

A Unigram (SentencePiece-style) tokenizer covering all three major Kurdish varieties in a single vocabulary: Kurmancî (Latin script), Soranî (Arabic script), and Zazakî (Latin script).

Trained by Kurdish-Tech on KurdishCorpus-clean, and measured on held-out text the tokenizer never saw during training.

Which variant should I use?

Honestly, probably not this one. Four Kurdish tokenizers were trained and benchmarked together, and this 32k-vocabulary Unigram variant has the second-weakest fertility of the four. Its only reason to exist is a smaller embedding table (32k vs 64k rows) for parameter-constrained models. If that constraint doesn't apply to you, use kurdish-tokenizer-unigram-64k instead — same algorithm, the best Soranî/Zazakî fertility of all four variants.

Fertility (tokens per word — lower is better)

Measured on held-out documents: 300 per dialect (166 for Zazakî — all that met the threshold), each ≥20 words, truncated to 2,000 characters. Every tokenizer below was measured with the same script on the same documents, encoding without special tokens.

Tokenizer Kurmancî Soranî Zazakî
kurdish-bpe-64k 1.342 1.793 2.408
kurdish-unigram-64k 1.385 1.633 2.290
kurdish-bpe-32k 1.427 1.974 2.701
kurdish-unigram-32k (this model) 1.472 1.843 2.580
NLLB-200 (distilled-600M) 1.930 2.336 2.548
XLM-RoBERTa (base) 1.751 3.695 2.527
o200k_base (GPT-4o) 2.361 3.984 2.732
cl100k_base (GPT-4) 2.610 6.938 3.038

Still beats cl100k_base on every dialect (1.8× fewer tokens on Kurmancî, 3.8× fewer on Soranî) despite being the second-weakest of the four Kurdish variants.

Usage

from transformers import AutoTokenizer

tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("kurdish-tech/kurdish-tokenizer-unigram-32k")

tok("Ez kurd im, ji Kurdistanê me.")          # Kurmancî
tok("زمانی کوردی زمانێکی دەوڵەمەندە.")          # Soranî
tok("Ma kirmanc î, zon u kulturê ma.")        # Zazakî
Vocabulary size 32,000
Algorithm Unigram (SentencePiece)
Special tokens <bos>, <eos>, <unk>, <pad>, <mask>
model_max_length 1024

Other variants

Limitations

  • Fertility is a relative comparison on a held-out sample, not an exhaustive evaluation.
  • Published for completeness and for use cases genuinely constrained on vocabulary size, not as the general recommendation.
  • This is a tokenizer only — no language model weights are released here.

License & citation

Released under CC BY-SA 4.0, matching the corpus it was trained on.

@misc{kurdishtech2026tokenizer,
  title  = {Kurdish Tokenizer (Unigram 32k): a multi-dialect tokenizer for Kurmanc\^i, Soran\^i and Zazak\^i},
  author = {{Kurdish-Tech}},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://huggingface.co/kurdish-tech/kurdish-tokenizer-unigram-32k}
}

Built by Kurdish-Tech — open-source digital infrastructure for the Kurdish language.

Maintained by Alan Hesen.

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