SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/LaBSE

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from sentence-transformers/LaBSE. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: sentence-transformers/LaBSE
Maximum Sequence Length: 256 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 256, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Dense({'in_features': 768, 'out_features': 768, 'bias': True, 'activation_function': 'torch.nn.modules.activation.Tanh'})
  (3): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Вӑл пӗлет: ҫак карапӑн командирӗ ҫамрӑк моряк, ӗлӗк артековец пулнӑскер, хӑйне вӗрентсе ӳстернӗ лагере асра тытса халӗ те тав туса саламлать.',
    'Он уже знал, что кораблем этим командует молодой моряк-командир, сам когда-то бывший артековец и поныне хранящий благодарную память о лагере.',
    'И разведчики это поняли.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

Size: 1,455,347 training samples
Columns: sentence_0, sentence_1, and label
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
sentence_0 sentence_1 label
type string string float
details
min: 3 tokens
mean: 22.57 tokens
max: 190 tokens

min: 3 tokens
mean: 22.28 tokens
max: 207 tokens

min: 1.0
mean: 1.0
max: 1.0

	sentence_0	sentence_1	label
type	string	string	float
details	min: 3 tokens mean: 22.57 tokens max: 190 tokens	min: 3 tokens mean: 22.28 tokens max: 207 tokens	min: 1.0 mean: 1.0 max: 1.0

Samples:

sentence_0	sentence_1	label
`Каяссипе каяс марри ҫинчен шухӑшланӑ ҫӗртех Петян каймалла пулнӑ, мӗншӗн тесен ачасем чылай малалла утнӑ ӗнтӗ.`	`Так что, когда в страшной борьбе с совестью победа осталась все-таки на стороне Пети, а совесть была окончательно раздавлена, оказалось, что мальчики зашли уже довольно далеко.`	`1.0`
`— Чавсаран? — тӗлӗнчӗ Ван-Конет.`	`— Локоть? — удивился Ван-Конет.`	`1.0`
`Юлашкинчен пирӗн гаубицӑсем те ӗҫе тытӑнчӗҫ.`	`Наконец открыли огонь и наши гаубицы.`	`1.0`

Loss: MultipleNegativesRankingLoss with these parameters:

{
    "scale": 20.0,
    "similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
}

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

eval_strategy: steps
per_device_train_batch_size: 20
per_device_eval_batch_size: 20
num_train_epochs: 1
fp16: True
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

overwrite_output_dir: False
do_predict: False
eval_strategy: steps
prediction_loss_only: True
per_device_train_batch_size: 20
per_device_eval_batch_size: 20
per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
eval_accumulation_steps: None
torch_empty_cache_steps: None
learning_rate: 5e-05
weight_decay: 0.0
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
max_grad_norm: 1
num_train_epochs: 1
max_steps: -1
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
warmup_ratio: 0.0
warmup_steps: 0
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
save_safetensors: True
save_on_each_node: False
save_only_model: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
no_cuda: False
use_cpu: False
use_mps_device: False
seed: 42
data_seed: None
jit_mode_eval: False
use_ipex: False
bf16: False
fp16: True
fp16_opt_level: O1
half_precision_backend: auto
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: None
local_rank: 0
ddp_backend: None
tpu_num_cores: None
tpu_metrics_debug: False
debug: []
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 0
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
past_index: -1
disable_tqdm: False
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
load_best_model_at_end: False
ignore_data_skip: False
fsdp: []
fsdp_min_num_params: 0
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
tp_size: 0
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed: None
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
optim: adamw_torch
optim_args: None
adafactor: False
group_by_length: False
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
skip_memory_metrics: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
push_to_hub: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_private_repo: None
hub_always_push: False
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
include_inputs_for_metrics: False
include_for_metrics: []
eval_do_concat_batches: True
fp16_backend: auto
push_to_hub_model_id: None
push_to_hub_organization: None
mp_parameters:
auto_find_batch_size: False
full_determinism: False
torchdynamo: None
ray_scope: last
ddp_timeout: 1800
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
include_tokens_per_second: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
optim_target_modules: None
batch_eval_metrics: False
eval_on_start: False
use_liger_kernel: False
eval_use_gather_object: False
average_tokens_across_devices: False
prompts: None
batch_sampler: batch_sampler
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss
0.0069	500	0.6741
0.0137	1000	0.4247
0.0206	1500	0.3538
0.0275	2000	0.334
0.0344	2500	0.3155
0.0412	3000	0.2833
0.0481	3500	0.2689
0.0550	4000	0.2633
0.0618	4500	0.2577
0.0687	5000	0.2642
0.0756	5500	0.2484
0.0825	6000	0.237
0.0893	6500	0.2225
0.0962	7000	0.2359
0.1031	7500	0.2266
0.1099	8000	0.2222
0.1168	8500	0.2136
0.1237	9000	0.2236
0.1306	9500	0.2149
0.1374	10000	0.2199
0.1443	10500	0.206
0.1512	11000	0.216
0.1580	11500	0.2069
0.1649	12000	0.1903
0.1718	12500	0.1958
0.1786	13000	0.2076
0.1855	13500	0.2033
0.1924	14000	0.1893
0.1993	14500	0.2024
0.2061	15000	0.1873
0.2130	15500	0.1788
0.2199	16000	0.1959
0.2267	16500	0.1996
0.2336	17000	0.183
0.2405	17500	0.185
0.2474	18000	0.1752
0.2542	18500	0.1856
0.2611	19000	0.1948
0.2680	19500	0.1826
0.2748	20000	0.1672
0.2817	20500	0.1746
0.2886	21000	0.1801
0.2955	21500	0.1847
0.3023	22000	0.1673
0.3092	22500	0.1788
0.3161	23000	0.1667
0.3229	23500	0.1746

Framework Versions

Python: 3.12.10
Sentence Transformers: 4.1.0
Transformers: 4.51.3
PyTorch: 2.6.0+cu124
Accelerate: 1.8.1
Datasets: 3.6.0
Tokenizers: 0.21.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}