marksverdhei/wordnet-sense-bge-small

WordSenseTransformer based on BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
• Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

WordSenseTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False, 'architecture': 'BertModel'})
  (1): WordPooling()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("wordnet-sense-bge-small")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'mean [SEP] My ex-husband means nothing to me',
    'mean [SEP] have a specified degree of importance',
    'opalesce [SEP] reflect light or colors like an opal',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities)
# tensor([[ 1.0000,  0.5467,  0.0335],
#         [ 0.5467,  1.0000, -0.0292],
#         [ 0.0335, -0.0292,  1.0000]])

Evaluation

Metrics

Information Retrieval

• Dataset: wordnet-validation
• Evaluated with InformationRetrievalEvaluator

Metric	Value
cosine_accuracy@1	0.966
cosine_accuracy@5	0.999
cosine_accuracy@10	1.0
cosine_precision@1	0.966
cosine_precision@5	0.1998
cosine_precision@10	0.1
cosine_recall@1	0.966
cosine_recall@5	0.999
cosine_recall@10	1.0
cosine_ndcg@1	0.966
cosine_ndcg@5	0.986
cosine_ndcg@10	0.9863
cosine_mrr@1	0.966
cosine_mrr@5	0.9815
cosine_mrr@10	0.9816
cosine_map@100	0.9816

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 41,784 training samples
• Columns: anchor, positive, negative_0, negative_1, negative_2, and negative_3
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	anchor	positive	negative_0	negative_1	negative_2	negative_3
  type	string	string	string	string	string	string
  details	min: 19 characters mean: 46.08 characters max: 416 characters	min: 18 characters mean: 60.28 characters max: 375 characters	min: 0 characters mean: 50.46 characters max: 155 characters	min: 0 characters mean: 49.93 characters max: 253 characters	min: 0 characters mean: 48.94 characters max: 253 characters	min: 0 characters mean: 42.58 characters max: 126 characters

• Samples:

  anchor	positive	negative_0	negative_1	negative_2	negative_3
  avenged [SEP] an avenged injury	avenged [SEP] for which vengeance has been taken
  unavenged [SEP] an unavenged murder	unavenged [SEP] for which vengeance has not been taken
  beaten [SEP] beaten gold	beaten [SEP] formed or made thin by hammering	beaten [SEP] much trodden and worn smooth or bare

• Loss: main.InterWordNegativeLoss

Evaluation Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 1,000 evaluation samples
• Columns: anchor and positive
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	anchor	positive
  type	string	string
  details	min: 20 characters mean: 52.46 characters max: 416 characters	min: 16 characters mean: 61.81 characters max: 244 characters

• Samples:

  anchor	positive
  light [SEP] a light lilting voice like a silver bell	light [SEP] (of sound or color) free from anything that dulls or dims
  maximize [SEP] He maximized his role	maximize [SEP] make the most of
  coastwise [SEP] coastwise winds contributed to the storm	coastwise [SEP] along or following a coast

• Loss: main.InterWordNegativeLoss

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• eval_strategy: steps
• per_device_train_batch_size: 64
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 64
• learning_rate: 2e-05
• num_train_epochs: 20
• warmup_ratio: 0.1
• fp16: True
• load_best_model_at_end: True
• push_to_hub: True
• hub_model_id: wordnet-sense-bge-small
• hub_private_repo: True
• batch_sampler: no_duplicates

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• eval_strategy: steps
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 64
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 64
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• learning_rate: 2e-05
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1.0
• num_train_epochs: 20
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.1
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• bf16: False
• fp16: True
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: False
• dataloader_num_workers: 0
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: True
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• parallelism_config: None
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch_fused
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• project: huggingface
• trackio_space_id: trackio
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: True
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: wordnet-sense-bge-small
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_private_repo: True
• hub_always_push: False
• hub_revision: None
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• include_for_metrics: []
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: None
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: no
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• eval_on_start: False
• use_liger_kernel: False
• liger_kernel_config: None
• eval_use_gather_object: False
• average_tokens_across_devices: True
• prompts: None
• batch_sampler: no_duplicates
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional
• router_mapping: {}
• learning_rate_mapping: {}

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	Validation Loss	wordnet-validation_cosine_ndcg@10
0	0	-	-	0.9829
0.1529	50	1.6901	-	-
0.3058	100	1.5425	-	-
0.4587	150	0.6709	-	-
0.6116	200	0.536	-	-
0.7645	250	0.3458	0.1146	0.9891
0.9174	300	0.5862	-	-
1.0703	350	0.9087	-	-
1.2232	400	1.2256	-	-
1.3761	450	0.9617	-	-
1.5291	500	0.4358	0.0562	0.9862
1.6820	550	0.3726	-	-
1.8349	600	0.5553	-	-
1.9878	650	0.3993	-	-
2.1407	700	1.0044	-	-
2.2936	750	0.9938	0.0310	0.9881
2.4465	800	0.6444	-	-
2.5994	850	0.3577	-	-
2.7523	900	0.4088	-	-
2.9052	950	0.4236	-	-
3.0581	1000	0.5856	0.0339	0.9863

• The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.10.17
• Sentence Transformers: 5.1.2
• Transformers: 4.57.3
• PyTorch: 2.9.1+cu128
• Accelerate: 1.12.0
• Datasets: 4.4.1
• Tokenizers: 0.22.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}