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--- |
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base_model: Unbabel/TowerInstruct-Mistral-7B-v0.2 |
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library_name: peft |
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--- |
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# Model Card for Model ID |
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Calibrating Translation Decoding with Quality Estimation on LLMs, NeurIPS 2025 |
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## Model Details |
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### Model Description |
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Neural machine translation (NMT) systems typically employ maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding to select the highest-scoring translation from the distribution mass. However, recent evidence highlights the inadequacy of MAP decoding, often resulting in low-quality or even pathological hypotheses -- the decoding objective is not aligned with real-world translation quality. This paper proposes calibrating hypothesis likelihoods with translation quality from a distribution view by directly optimizing their Pearson correlation -- thereby enhancing the effectiveness of translation decoding. With our method, translation on large language models (LLMs) improves substantially after limited training (2K instances per direction). This improvement is orthogonal to those achieved through supervised fine-tuning, leading to substantial gains across a broad range of metrics and human evaluations -- even when applied to top-performing translation-specialized LLMs fine-tuned on high-quality translation data, such as Tower, or when compared to recent preference optimization methods, like CPO. Moreover, the calibrated translation likelihood can directly serve as a strong proxy for translation quality, closely approximating or even surpassing some state-of-the-art translation quality estimation models, like CometKiwi. Lastly, our in-depth analysis demonstrates that calibration enhances the effectiveness of MAP decoding, thereby enabling greater efficiency in real-world deployment. The resulting state-of-the-art translation model, which covers 10 languages, along with the accompanying code and human evaluation data, has been released to the community |
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- **Developed by:** Language Technology Lab, University of Amsterdam |
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- **Model type:** LoRA |
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** EN-DE, EN-ES, EN-RU, EN-ZH, EN-FR, EN-NL, EN-IT, EN-PT, EN-KO |
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- **License:** CC-BY-NC-4.0 |
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- **Finetuned from model:** Unbabel/TowerInstruct-Mistral-7B-v0.2 |
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### Model Sources [optional] |
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<!-- Provide the basic links for the model. --> |
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- **Repository:** https://github.com/moore3930/calibrating-llm-mt |
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- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.19044 |
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## Uses |
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<!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. --> |
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### Direct Use |
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<!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. --> |
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[More Information Needed] |
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### Downstream Use [optional] |
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<!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app --> |
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[More Information Needed] |
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### Out-of-Scope Use |
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. --> |
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[More Information Needed] |
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations |
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<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. --> |
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[More Information Needed] |
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### Recommendations |
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. --> |
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations. |
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## How to Get Started with the Model |
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Use the code below to get started with the model. |
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[More Information Needed] |
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## Training Details |
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### Training Data |
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. --> |
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[More Information Needed] |
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### Training Procedure |
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. --> |
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#### Preprocessing [optional] |
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[More Information Needed] |
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#### Training Hyperparameters |
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision --> |
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional] |
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. --> |
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[More Information Needed] |
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## Evaluation |
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<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. --> |
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### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics |
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#### Testing Data |
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. --> |
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[More Information Needed] |
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#### Factors |
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. --> |
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[More Information Needed] |
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#### Metrics |
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<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. --> |
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[More Information Needed] |
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### Results |
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[More Information Needed] |
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#### Summary |
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## Model Examination [optional] |
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<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here --> |
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[More Information Needed] |
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## Environmental Impact |
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly --> |
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700). |
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed] |
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed] |
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed] |
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed] |
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- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed] |
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## Technical Specifications [optional] |
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### Model Architecture and Objective |
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[More Information Needed] |
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### Compute Infrastructure |
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[More Information Needed] |
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#### Hardware |
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[More Information Needed] |
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#### Software |
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[More Information Needed] |
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## Citation [optional] |
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. --> |
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**BibTeX:** |
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[More Information Needed] |
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**APA:** |
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[More Information Needed] |
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## Glossary [optional] |
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<!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. --> |
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[More Information Needed] |
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## More Information [optional] |
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[More Information Needed] |
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## Model Card Authors [optional] |
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[More Information Needed] |
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## Model Card Contact |
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[More Information Needed] |
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### Framework versions |
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- PEFT 0.13.0 |
