README.md

---
license: mit
language:
  - en
pipeline_tag: text-generation
tags:
  - causal-lm
  - pytorch
  - small-language-model
  - autoresearch
  - from-scratch
datasets:
  - openvision
---

# AutoResearch-openvision-depth12

![AutoResearch Cover](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nullbotai-droid/turbo-diffusion-local/refs/heads/main/cover2.png)

**AutoResearch-openvision-depth12** is a **234.1M parameter** decoder-only Transformer trained **from scratch** on **openvision**.

This model is part of the **AutoResearch** project, which focuses on training, evaluating, and releasing efficient language models with reproducible research workflows.

---

# Overview

This is a 12-layer decoder-only Transformer trained on the openvision dataset for 0.0 hours of wall-clock training time. The model achieves a validation bits-per-byte (val_bpb) of 3.531838 (perplexity: 11.5662) on the held-out validation set.

---

# References

## Papers

- NanoGPT / NanoChat architecture patterns

## Datasets

- [openvision](https://huggingface.co/datasets/karpathy/tinystories-gpt4-clean)

## Related Projects

- [karpathy/autoresearch](https://github.com/karpathy/autoresearch)

## WANDB Run

- [https://wandb.ai/dustinsdelivery-delivery-ai/autoresearch/runs/gvjrtngl](https://wandb.ai/dustinsdelivery-delivery-ai/autoresearch/runs/gvjrtngl)

---

# Highlights

- Trained **from scratch**
- **234.1M parameters**
- Trained on **1.6M tokens** (3 steps)
- 12-layer decoder-only Transformer with sliding window attention
- RoPE positional encoding, RMSNorm, ReLU² activation
- MuonAdamW optimizer (Muon for matrices, AdamW for embeddings)
- Hugging Face Transformers compatible

---

# Model Architecture

| Property | Value |
|-----------|------:|
| Architecture | Decoder-only Transformer |
| Parameters | **234,108,313** (234.1M) |
| Layers | 12 |
| Hidden Size | 768 |
| Attention Heads | 6 |
| KV Heads | 6 |
| Head Dimension | 128 |
| Feed Forward Size | 3072 |
| Context Length | 2048 |
| Vocabulary Size | 16,386 |
| Positional Encoding | RoPE |
| Activation | ReLU² |
| Normalization | RMSNorm |
| Window Pattern | SSSL |
| Weight Tying | No |

---

# Training

This model was trained **from scratch** for **0.0 hours** (0s) of wall-clock training time.

## Training Configuration

| Setting | Value |
|---------|------:|
| Optimizer | MuonAdamW (Muon + AdamW) |
| Precision | torch.bfloat16 |
| Learning Rate | 0.04 (matrix) / 0.6 (embedding) |
| Weight Decay | 0.2 |
| Batch Size | 4 × 2048 = 8,192 tokens/step |
| Gradient Accumulation | 64 steps |
| Total Batch Size | 524,288 tokens |
| Context Length | 2048 |
| Vocabulary | 16,386 tokens (BPE) |
| LR Scheduler | Linear warmdown (50%) |
| Activation Checkpointing | Enabled |

## Hardware

- GPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
- VRAM: 16.0 GB
- Peak VRAM Used: 5.3 GB
- MFU: n/a%
- Framework: PyTorch 2.9.1+cu128

---

# Dataset

- **Name:** openvision
- **Language:** English

### Preprocessing

Data is packed into fixed-length sequences of 2048 tokens using the nanochat-compatible BPE tokenizer (16,384 vocabulary, 9 special tokens). No additional filtering or deduplication is applied beyond what is in the source dataset.

---

# Intended Use

This model is intended for:

- Educational purposes and research
- Text generation experiments
- Studying small language model training dynamics

Not recommended for:

- Production use or safety-critical applications
- Tasks requiring factual accuracy

---

# Evaluation

## Results

| Metric | Score |
|---------|------:|
| Validation BPB | 3.531838 |
| Perplexity | 11.5662 |
| Peak VRAM | 5.3 GB |
| MFU | n/a% |

---

# Example Generations

## Example 1

### Prompt

```text
[Image] This is an eye-level, medium 
```

### Generation

```text
<|image_start|><|image_end|><|bos|>This is an eye-level, medium  pizza in hull body tutorialasoven dadcellran instead sends eggs wildlife componentsell ov campa draft subm assets knitmosp beverages cy processing u liftingINo IDCommonovascular electrodes overall wonderPH react salt unwanted teeninese96 reasonsillary clos be speak ready sand
```

## Example 2

### Prompt

```text
[Image] This is a vibrant, sunlit 
```

### Generation

```text
<|image_start|><|image_end|><|bos|>This is a vibrant, sunlit  tart shaped crisis neck Fall Civil lig cinGLc pant fostering Vol� decided Me diving lower inneroosing r viewer wooden socio mobility mammals camera mostly scattered August indicates HubWith.... near;

irapackemics treatments neighborhood streams shirtardenency tell Pict pestsHC couple
```

## Example 3

### Prompt

```text
[Image] A medium shot captures a 
```

### Generation

```text
<|image_start|><|image_end|><|bos|>A medium shot captures a  parsulaake matches Time resonensrite Harvard shallowaur secret one reject harvest volcanic lar Psychologyrad sector pharm Two upgrade applies'dpped EV cap Project teeth Olymp genetics personplants feeding referred Coalau feeder untreated absolute bicycle picking-PVideo tart hiking Celsius fatsocks
```

# Usage

```python
import torch
import pickle
import json
from train import GPT, GPTConfig, Tokenizer

# Load config
with open('config.json', 'r') as f:
    config_dict = json.load(f)
config = GPTConfig(**{k: v for k, v in config_dict.items() if k in GPTConfig.__dataclass_fields__})

# Load model
model = GPT(config)
state_dict = torch.load('model.pt', map_location='cpu')['state_dict']
model.load_state_dict(state_dict)
model.eval()

# Load tokenizer
with open('tokenizer.pkl', 'rb') as f:
    tokenizer = pickle.load(f)

# Generate
prompt = 'Once upon a time, '
input_ids = tokenizer.encode(prompt)
x = torch.tensor([input_ids], dtype=torch.long)
with torch.no_grad():
    for _ in range(50):
        logits = model(x)
        probs = torch.softmax(logits[:, -1, :] / 0.8, dim=-1)
        next_token = torch.multinomial(probs, num_samples=1)
        input_ids.append(next_token.item())
        x = torch.tensor([input_ids], dtype=torch.long)
print(tokenizer.decode(input_ids))
```

---

# Repository Structure

```text
model.pt                  # Model weights
config.json               # Model architecture config
dataset.txt               # Dataset name used for training
token_bytes.pt            # Token byte mappings
tokenizer.pkl             # Trained BPE tokenizer
tokenizer_config.json     # Tokenizer configuration
training_metrics.json     # Training metrics
README.md                 # This file
```

---

# Limitations

- Small model size limits language understanding and coherence
- Trained on a single dataset (TinyStories) — limited domain
- Fixed time budget training — not fully trained to convergence
- No RLHF or safety alignment

---

# Ethical Considerations

- This is a research artifact, not a production model
- The training data consists of synthetic stories (GPT-4 generated)
- No harmful content filtering was applied
- Intended for research and educational use only

---

# Citation

```bibtex
@misc{autoresearch_openvision_depth12,
  title={AutoResearch-openvision-depth12},
  author={Dustin Loring},
  year={2026},
  howpublished={\url{https://huggingface.co/quik-models/brisk-rain-49}}
}}
```

---

# Version History

| Version | Date | Notes |
|----------|------|------|
| v1.0 | 2026-07-28 | Initial release |

---

# Acknowledgements

Built with the **AutoResearch** training framework.

Thanks to:

- Hugging Face
- PyTorch
- The creators of the TinyStories dataset
- The open-source AI research community

---

# License

This model is released under the **MIT License** unless otherwise specified.