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README.md
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---
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license: mit
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---
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license: mit
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pipeline_tag: robotics
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---
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# Octo Small
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See https://github.com/octo-models/octo for instructions for using this model.
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Octo Small is trained with a window size of 2, predicting 7-dimensional actions 4 steps into the future using a diffusion policy. The model is a Transformer with 27M parameters (equivalent to a ViT-S). Images are tokenized by preprocessing with a lightweight convolutional encoder, then grouped into 16x16 patches. Language is tokenized by applying the T5 tokenizer, and then applying the T5-Base language encoder.
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Observations and tasks conform to the following spec:
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Observations:
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```
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{
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image_primary: ('batch', 'history_window', 256, 256, 3),
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image_wrist: ('batch', 'history_window', 128, 128, 3),
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}
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```
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Tasks:
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```
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{
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image_primary: ('batch', 256, 256, 3),
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image_wrist: ('batch', 128, 128, 3),
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language_instruction: {
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attention_mask: ('batch', 16),
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input_ids: ('batch', 16),
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},
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}
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```
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At inference, you may pass in any subset of these observation and task keys, with a history window up to 2 timesteps.
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This model was trained on a mix of datasets from the Open X-Embodiment dataset.
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| Dataset | Proportion of batch |
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|------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------|
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| Fractal (Brohan et al, 2022) | 17.0\% |
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| Kuka (Kalashnikov et al, 2018) | 17.0\% |
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| Bridge (Walke et al, 2023) | 17.0\% |
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| BC-Z (Jang et al, 2022) | 9.1\% |
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| Stanford Hydra Dataset (Belkhale et al, 2023) | 6.0\% |
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| Language Table~ (Lynch et al, 2023) | 5.9\% |
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| Taco Play (Rosete-Beas et al, 2022, Mees et al., 2023) | 3.6\% |
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| Furniture Bench Dataset (Heo et al, 2023) | 3.3\% |
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| UTAustin Mutex (Shah et al, 2023) | 3.0\% |
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| Austin Sailor Dataset (Nasiriany et al, 2022) | 2.9\% |
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| Roboturk (Mandlekar et al, 2018) | 2.8\% |
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| Toto (Zhou et al, 2023) | 2.4\% |
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| Austin Sirius Dataset (Liu et al, 2023) | 2.3\% |
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| Berkeley Autolab UR5 (Chen et al) | 1.5\% |
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| IAMLab CMU Pickup Insert (Saxena et al, 2023) | 1.2\% |
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| Viola (Zhu et al, 2023) | 1.2\% |
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| Berkeley Fanuc Manipulation (Zhu et al, 2023) | 1.0\% |
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| NYU Franka Play Dataset (Cui et al, 2022) | 0.9\% |
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| UCSD Kitchen Dataset (Ge Yan and Wang, 2023) | <0.1\% |
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| Jaco Play (Dass et al, 2023) | 0.6\% |
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| Berkeley Cable Routing (Luo et al, 2023) | 0.3\% |
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| Austin Buds Dataset (Zhu et al, 2022) | 0.3\% |
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| CMU Stretch (Mendonca et al, 2023) | 0.2\% |
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| NYU Door Opening (Pari et al, 2021) | 0.1\% |
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| DLR EDAN Shared Control (Quere et al, 2020) | 0.1\% |
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# Updates for Version 1.5
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- Language task tokens are now repeated at every timestep in the context window.
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- Augmented the language instructions in the data with rephrasings from GPT-3.5.
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- Bug fixes:
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- Turned off dropout in the diffusion head due to incompatibility with layer norm.
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- Fixed an off-by-one error with the attention mask.
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- Fixed an issue where different image augmentations did not get fresh random seeds.
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