metadata
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:3742
- loss:SoftmaxLoss
base_model: sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
widget:
- source_sentence: >+
As the year draws to a close, we have seen the number of emerging threats
like advance phishing attacks from the Syrian Electronic Army, financial
malware and exploit kits, Cryptolocker ransomware infections, massive
Bitcoin theft, extensive privacy breach from NSA and many more.
The financial malware's were the most popular threat this year. Money is
always a perfect motivation for attackers and cyber criminals who are
continually targeting financial institutions.
On Tuesday, Antivirus firm Symantec has released a Threat report, called
"The State of Financial Trojans: 2013", which revealed that over 1,400
financial institutions have been targeted and compromised millions of
computers around the globe and the most targeted banks are in the US with
71.5% of all analyzed Trojans.
Financial institutions have been fighting against malware for the last ten
years to protect their customers and online transactions from threat. Over
the time the attackers adapted to these countermeasures and sophisticated
banking Trojans began to emerge.
According to the report, the number of infections of the most common
financial Trojans grew to 337 percent in the first nine months of 2013.
Nearly 1,500 institutions in 88 countries were potential targets during
2013.
The financial fraud marketplace is also increasingly organized and Cyber
criminals are using advanced Trojans to commit large scale attacks.
Attackers of all skill levels can enter the arena of financial fraud, as
the underground marketplace is a service industry that provides an
abundance of resources. Those who lack expertise can simply purchase what
they need. For as little as $100, an attacker can avail of a leaked Zeus
or Spyeye equipped with Web-injects.
The modern financial Trojan is extremely flexible, supporting a range of
functionality designed to facilitate fraudulent transactions across a
variety of services.
Two dominant attack strategies are:
Focused attack: This approach suits attackers with limited resources but
also scales well to larger operations. If the distribution is accurate and
the target institution has a sizeable client base, a focused attack can
provide an adequate supply of targets. Shylock, Bebloh and Tilon all use
this approach exclusively.
Broad strokes: In this attack strategy, Trojans are set to target large
numbers of institutions. Tilon, Cridex, and Gameover adopt these tactics
and Zeus also uses this approach in its default configuration.
According to Symantec, the main reason for the surge is weak
authentication practices:
Unfortunately, in many situations, security implementations adopted by
financial institutions are inadequate to defend against the modern
financial Trojan. Institutions are starting to adopt strong security
measures like chipTAN, but the adoption rate is slow. Institutions that
persist with weaker security measures will continue to be exploited by
attackers.
They need to maintain constant vigilance, apply software updates, maintain
an awareness of new threats and deploy complementary security solutions
that can defend against evolving malware attacks.
sentences:
- >+
As the year draws to a close, we have seen the number of emerging
threats like advance phishing attacks from the Syrian Electronic Army,
financial malware and exploit kits, Cryptolocker ransomware infections,
massive Bitcoin theft, extensive privacy breach from NSA and many more.
The financial malware's were the most popular threat this year. Money is
always a perfect motivation for attackers and cyber criminals who are
continually targeting financial institutions.
On Tuesday, Antivirus firm Symantec has released a Threat report, called
"The State of Financial Trojans: 2013", which revealed that over 1,400
financial institutions have been targeted and compromised millions of
computers around the globe and the most targeted banks are in the US
with 71.5% of all analyzed Trojans.
Financial institutions have been fighting against malware for the last
ten years to protect their customers and online transactions from
threat. Over the time the attackers adapted to these countermeasures and
sophisticated banking Trojans began to emerge.
According to the report, the number of infections of the most common
financial Trojans grew to 337 percent in the first nine months of 2013.
Nearly 1,500 institutions in 88 countries were potential targets during
2013.
The financial fraud marketplace is also increasingly organized and Cyber
criminals are using advanced Trojans to commit large scale attacks.
Attackers of all skill levels can enter the arena of financial fraud, as
the underground marketplace is a service industry that provides an
abundance of resources. Those who lack expertise can simply purchase
what they need. For as little as $100, an attacker can avail of a leaked
Zeus or Spyeye equipped with Web-injects.
The modern financial Trojan is extremely flexible, supporting a range of
functionality designed to facilitate fraudulent transactions across a
variety of services.
Two dominant attack strategies are:
Focused attack: This approach suits attackers with limited resources but
also scales well to larger operations. If the distribution is accurate
and the target institution has a sizeable client base, a focused attack
can provide an adequate supply of targets. Shylock, Bebloh and Tilon all
use this approach exclusively.
Broad strokes: In this attack strategy, Trojans are set to target large
numbers of institutions. Tilon, Cridex, and Gameover adopt these tactics
and Zeus also uses this approach in its default configuration.
According to Symantec, the main reason for the surge is weak
authentication practices:
Unfortunately, in many situations, security implementations adopted by
financial institutions are inadequate to defend against the modern
financial Trojan. Institutions are starting to adopt strong security
measures like chipTAN, but the adoption rate is slow. Institutions that
persist with weaker security measures will continue to be exploited by
attackers.
They need to maintain constant vigilance, apply software updates,
maintain an awareness of new threats and deploy complementary security
solutions that can defend against evolving malware attacks.
- >+
While Windows users are currently in fear of getting their systems
hijacked by the WannaCry ransomware outbreak, Apple users are sitting
relaxed, thinking that malware attacks are something that happens to
Windows users, and not Apple.
But you are mistaken – Apple products are also not immune to the hack
attacks and malware infections, as an ebook can hack your Mac, iPhone,
and iPad.
Apple on Monday pushed out software updates for iOS, macOS, Safari,
tvOS, iCloud, iTunes, and watchOS to fix a total of 67 unique security
vulnerabilities, many of which allows attackers to perform remote code
execution on an affected system.
iOS is 10.3.2 for iPhone, iPad, and iPod
Apple's mobile operating system iOS 10.3.2 for the iPhone, iPad and iPod
touch addresses 41 security flaws, 23 of which resides in WebKit,
including 17 remote code execution and 5 cross-site scripting (XSS)
vulnerabilities.
Besides this, iOS 10.3.2 also addresses a pair of flaws in iBooks for
iOS (CVE-2017-2497, CVE-2017-6981) that could allow e-books to open
arbitrary websites and execute malicious code with root privileges.
Other flaws addressed in iOS 10.3.2 include a memory corruption issue in
AVE Video Encoder that could allow a malicious application to gain
kernel-level privileges, and a certificate validation issue in the
certificate trust policy for handling of untrusted certificates.
Apple users can install iOS 10.3.2 by connecting their iOS devices to
iTunes or downloading it directly by going to the Settings → General →
Software Update.
macOS Sierra 10.12.5 for El Capitan and Yosemite
Apple's Mac operating system macOS Sierra 10.12.5 addresses a total of
37 vulnerabilities, including a pair of bugs in iBook that allow the
execution of arbitrary code with root privileges, and a separate bug in
iBook that allows an application to escape its secure sandbox.
Other flaws addressed in macOS Sierra 10.12.5 include a Wi-Fi networking
issue that allows the theft of network credentials, elevation of
privilege bugs in both the Intel and Nvidia graphics drivers, and four
different arbitrary code execution flaws in SQLite.
Mac users can download the update through the App Store → Updates.
Alternatively, macOS Sierra users can be download Sierra 10.12.5 as a
stand-alone update, OS X El Capitan users can download the update here,
and OS X Yosemite users can get the security update here.
Safari 10.1.1 for Apple Browser
Safari 10.1.1 addresses a total of 26 security issues, 23 of which
resides in WebKit, many of which are also patched in the iOS 10.3.2.
Rest three vulnerabilities are patched in the Safari browser itself.
The Safari 10.1.1 update can be downloaded by going to the App Store →
Updates on El Capitan and Yosemite systems.
watchOS 3.2.2 for Apple Watch
Apple Watch users should install watchOS 3.2.2 that patches a total of
12 security vulnerabilities, four of which could be used by attackers to
execute remote code execution on the affected device.
Users of Apple Watch can download watchOS 3.2.2 by connecting their
watch to its charger, and opening the Apple Watch app → My Watch tab →
General → Software Update on their iPhone.
tvOS 10.2.1 for Apple TV
Apple has also released tvOS 10.2.1 to patch a total of 23
vulnerabilities, 12 of which resides in WebKit engine that could allow
an attacker to perform cross-site scripting and remote code execution
attacks on a target device.
The tvOS 10.2.1 update can be downloaded directly from the Apple TV by
going to Settings → System → Update Software.
iTunes 12.6.1 for Windows and iCloud for Windows 6.2.1
Meanwhile, Apple also released patches for Windows users using iTunes
and iCloud. Both iTunes 12.6.1 and iCloud 6.2.1 patches a single remote
code execution bug in WebKit for Windows 7 and later.
Apple users are recommended to update all their operating systems for
Apple products and Safari as soon as possible before cyber criminals
exploited them. Patches are available through automatic updates.
- >+
A really bad year for the world's second-largest email service provider,
Yahoo Mail! The company announced today, 'we identified a coordinated
effort to gain unauthorized access to Yahoo Mail accounts', user names
and passwords of its email customers have been stolen and are used to
access multiple accounts.
Yahoo did not say how many accounts have been affected, and neither they
are sure about the source of the leaked users' credentials. It appears
to have come from a third party database being compromised, and not an
infiltration of Yahoo's own servers.
"We have no evidence that they were obtained directly from Yahoo's
systems. Our ongoing investigation shows that malicious computer
software used the list of usernames and passwords to access Yahoo Mail
accounts. The information sought in the attack seems to be names and
email addresses from the affected accounts' most recent sent emails."
For now, Yahoo is taking proactive actions to protect their affected
users, "We are resetting passwords on impacted accounts and we are using
second sign-in verification to allow users to re-secure their accounts.
Impacted users will be prompted (if not, already) to change their
password and may receive an email notification or an SMS text if they
have added a mobile number to their account."
People frequently use the same passwords on multiple accounts, so
possibly hackers are brute-forcing Yahoo accounts with the user
credentials stolen from other data breaches.
Yahoo users can prevent account hijacks by using a strong and unique
password. You can use 'Random strong password generator' feature of
DuckDuckGo search engine to get a unique & strong password.
Users are also recommended to enable two-factor authentication, which
requires a code texted to the legitimate user's mobile phone whenever a
login attempt is made from a new computer.
Yahoo! was hacked in July 2012, with attackers stealing 450,000 email
addresses and passwords from a Yahoo! contributor network.
Readers can also download two free Whitepaper related to the Email and
account security:
Cloud-Based Email Archiving
Email Data Loss Prevention
Well, Yahoo is now working with federal law enforcement as a part of its
investigation.
- source_sentence: >+
Security researchers have spotted a new malware campaign in the wild that
spreads an advanced botnet malware by leveraging at least three recently
disclosed vulnerabilities in Microsoft Office.
Dubbed Zyklon, the fully-featured malware has resurfaced after almost two
years and primarily found targeting telecommunications, insurance and
financial services.
Active since early 2016, Zyklon is an HTTP botnet malware that
communicates with its command-and-control servers over Tor anonymising
network and allows attackers to remotely steal keylogs, sensitive data,
like passwords stored in web browsers and email clients.
Zyklon malware is also capable of executing additional plugins, including
secretly using infected systems for DDoS attacks and cryptocurrency
mining.
Different versions of the Zyklon malware has previously been found being
advertised on a popular underground marketplace for $75 (normal build) and
$125 ( Tor-enabled build).
According to a recently published report by FireEye, the attackers behind
the campaign are leveraging three following vulnerabilities in Microsoft
Office that execute a PowerShell script on the targeted computers to
download the final payload from its C&C server.
1) .NET Framework RCE Vulnerability (CVE-2017-8759)—this remote code
execution vulnerability exists when Microsoft .NET Framework processes
untrusted input, allowing an attacker to take control of an affected
system by tricking victims into opening a specially crafted malicious
document file sent over an email. Microsoft already released a security
patch for this flaw in September updates.
2) Microsoft Office RCE Vulnerability (CVE-2017-11882)—it's a 17-year-old
memory corruption flaw that Microsoft patched in November patch update
allows a remote attacker to execute malicious code on the targeted systems
without requiring any user interaction after opening a malicious document.
3) Dynamic Data Exchange Protocol (DDE Exploit)—this technique allows
attackers to leverage a built-in feature of Microsoft Office, called DDE,
to perform code execution on the targeted device without requiring Macros
to be enabled or memory corruption.
As explained by the researchers, attackers are actively exploiting these
three vulnerabilities to deliver Zyklon malware using spear phishing
emails, which typically arrives with an attached ZIP file containing a
malicious Office doc file.
Once opened, the malicious doc file equipped with one of these
vulnerabilities immediately runs a PowerShell script, which eventually
downloads the final payload, i.e., Zyklon HTTP malware, onto the infected
computer.
"In all these techniques, the same domain is used to download the next
level payload (Pause.ps1), which is another PowerShell script that is
Base64 encoded," the FireEye researchers said.
"The Pause.ps1 script is responsible for resolving the APIs required for
code injection. It also contains the injectable shellcode."
"The injected code is responsible for downloading the final payload from
the server. The final stage payload is a PE executable compiled with .Net
framework."
Interestingly, the PowerShell script connects to a dotless IP address
(example: https://3627732942) to download the final payload.
What is Dotless IP Address? If you are unaware, dotless IP addresses,
sometimes referred as 'Decimal Address,' are decimal values of IPv4
addresses (represented as dotted-quad notation). Almost all modern web
browsers resolve decimal IP address to its equivalent IPV4 address when
opened with "https://" following the decimal value.
For example, Google's IP address 216.58.207.206 can also be represented as
https://3627732942 in decimal values (Try this online converter).
The best way to protect yourself and your organisation from such malware
attacks are always to be suspicious of any uninvited document sent via an
email and never click on links inside those documents unless adequately
verifying the source.
Most importantly, always keep your software and systems up-to-date, as
threat actors incorporate recently discovered, but patched,
vulnerabilities in popular software—Microsoft Office, in this case—to
increase the potential for successful infections.
sentences:
- >+
India-linked highly targeted mobile malware campaign, first unveiled two
weeks ago, has been found to be part of a broader campaign targeting
multiple platforms, including windows devices and possibly Android as
well.
As reported in our previous article, earlier this month researchers at
Talos threat intelligence unit discovered a group of Indian hackers
abusing mobile device management (MDM) service to hijack and spy on a
few targeted iPhone users in India.
Operating since August 2015, the attackers have been found abusing MDM
service to remotely install malicious versions of legitimate apps,
including Telegram, WhatsApp, and PrayTime, onto targeted iPhones.
These modified apps have been designed to secretly spy on iOS users, and
steal their real-time location, SMS, contacts, photos and private
messages from third-party chatting applications.
During their ongoing investigation, Talos researchers identified a new
MDM infrastructure and several malicious binaries – designed to target
victims running Microsoft Windows operating systems – hosted on the same
infrastructure used in previous campaigns.
Ios-update-whatsapp[.]com (new)
Wpitcher[.]com
Ios-certificate-update.com
"We know that the MDM and the Windows services were up and running on
the same C2 server in May 2018," researchers said in a blog post
published today.
"Some of the C2 servers are still up and running at this time. The
Apache setup is very specific, and perfectly matched the Apache setup of
the malicious IPA apps."
Possible Connections with "Bahamut Hacking Group"
Besides this, researchers also found some potential similarities that
link this campaign with an old hacking group, dubbed "Bahamut," an
advanced threat actor who was previously targeting Android devices using
similar MDM technique as used in the latest iOS malware campaign.
The newly identified MDM infrastructure, which was created in January
2018, and used from January to March of this year, targeted two Indian
devices and one located in Qatar with a British phone number.
According to the researchers, Bahamut also targeted similar Qatar-based
individuals during their Android malware campaign, as detailed by
Bellingcat in a blog post.
"Bahamut shared a domain name with one of the malicious iOS applications
mentioned in our previous post," researchers said.
"The new MDM platform we identified has similar victimology with Middle
Eastern targets, namely Qatar, using a U.K. mobile number issued from
LycaMobile. Bahamut targeted similar Qatar-based individuals during
their campaign."
Apart from distributing modified Telegram and WhatsApp apps with
malicious functionalities, the newly-identified server also distributes
modified versions of Safari browser and IMO video chatting app to steal
more personal information on victims.
Attackers Using Malicious Safari Browser to Steal Login Credentials
According to the researchers, the malicious Safari browser has been
pre-configured to automatically exfiltrate the username and the password
of the users for a variety of other web services, Yahoo, Rediff, Amazon,
Google, Reddit, Baidu, ProtonMail, Zoho, Tutanota and more.
"The malware continuously monitors a web page, seeking out the HTML form
fields that hold the username and password as the user types them in to
steal credentials. The names of the inspected HTML fields are embedded
into the app alongside the domain names," the researchers said.
The malicious browser contains three malicious plugins—Add Bookmark, Add
To Favourites, and Add to Reading List—that just like the other apps,
send stolen data to a remote attacker-controlled server.
At this time, it's unclear who is behind the campaign, who was targeted
in the campaign, and what were the motives behind the attack, but the
technical elements suggest the attackers are operating from India, and
are well-funded.
Researchers said that those infected with this kind of malware need to
enroll their devices, which means "they should be on the lookout at all
times to avoid accidental enrollment."
The best way to avoid being a victim to such attacks is to always
download apps from official app store.
- >+
Security researchers have spotted a new malware campaign in the wild
that spreads an advanced botnet malware by leveraging at least three
recently disclosed vulnerabilities in Microsoft Office.
Dubbed Zyklon, the fully-featured malware has resurfaced after almost
two years and primarily found targeting telecommunications, insurance
and financial services.
Active since early 2016, Zyklon is an HTTP botnet malware that
communicates with its command-and-control servers over Tor anonymising
network and allows attackers to remotely steal keylogs, sensitive data,
like passwords stored in web browsers and email clients.
Zyklon malware is also capable of executing additional plugins,
including secretly using infected systems for DDoS attacks and
cryptocurrency mining.
Different versions of the Zyklon malware has previously been found being
advertised on a popular underground marketplace for $75 (normal build)
and $125 ( Tor-enabled build).
According to a recently published report by FireEye, the attackers
behind the campaign are leveraging three following vulnerabilities in
Microsoft Office that execute a PowerShell script on the targeted
computers to download the final payload from its C&C server.
1) .NET Framework RCE Vulnerability (CVE-2017-8759)—this remote code
execution vulnerability exists when Microsoft .NET Framework processes
untrusted input, allowing an attacker to take control of an affected
system by tricking victims into opening a specially crafted malicious
document file sent over an email. Microsoft already released a security
patch for this flaw in September updates.
2) Microsoft Office RCE Vulnerability (CVE-2017-11882)—it's a
17-year-old memory corruption flaw that Microsoft patched in November
patch update allows a remote attacker to execute malicious code on the
targeted systems without requiring any user interaction after opening a
malicious document.
3) Dynamic Data Exchange Protocol (DDE Exploit)—this technique allows
attackers to leverage a built-in feature of Microsoft Office, called
DDE, to perform code execution on the targeted device without requiring
Macros to be enabled or memory corruption.
As explained by the researchers, attackers are actively exploiting these
three vulnerabilities to deliver Zyklon malware using spear phishing
emails, which typically arrives with an attached ZIP file containing a
malicious Office doc file.
Once opened, the malicious doc file equipped with one of these
vulnerabilities immediately runs a PowerShell script, which eventually
downloads the final payload, i.e., Zyklon HTTP malware, onto the
infected computer.
"In all these techniques, the same domain is used to download the next
level payload (Pause.ps1), which is another PowerShell script that is
Base64 encoded," the FireEye researchers said.
"The Pause.ps1 script is responsible for resolving the APIs required for
code injection. It also contains the injectable shellcode."
"The injected code is responsible for downloading the final payload from
the server. The final stage payload is a PE executable compiled with
.Net framework."
Interestingly, the PowerShell script connects to a dotless IP address
(example: https://3627732942) to download the final payload.
What is Dotless IP Address? If you are unaware, dotless IP addresses,
sometimes referred as 'Decimal Address,' are decimal values of IPv4
addresses (represented as dotted-quad notation). Almost all modern web
browsers resolve decimal IP address to its equivalent IPV4 address when
opened with "https://" following the decimal value.
For example, Google's IP address 216.58.207.206 can also be represented
as https://3627732942 in decimal values (Try this online converter).
The best way to protect yourself and your organisation from such malware
attacks are always to be suspicious of any uninvited document sent via
an email and never click on links inside those documents unless
adequately verifying the source.
Most importantly, always keep your software and systems up-to-date, as
threat actors incorporate recently discovered, but patched,
vulnerabilities in popular software—Microsoft Office, in this case—to
increase the potential for successful infections.
- >+
Attention WordPress users!
Your website could easily get hacked if you are using "Ultimate Addons
for Beaver Builder," or "Ultimate Addons for Elementor" and haven't
recently updated them to the latest available versions.
Security researchers have discovered a critical yet easy-to-exploit
authentication bypass vulnerability in both widely-used premium
WordPress plugins that could allow remote attackers to gain
administrative access to sites without requiring any password.
What's more worrisome is that opportunistic attackers have already
started exploiting this vulnerability in the wild within 2 days of its
discovery in order to compromise vulnerable WordPress websites and
install a malicious backdoor for later access.
Both vulnerable plugins, made by software development company Brainstorm
Force, are currently powering over hundreds of thousands of WordPress
websites using Elementor and Beaver Builder frameworks, helping website
admins and designers extend the functionality of their websites with
more widgets, modules, page templates.
Discovered by researchers at web security service MalCare, the
vulnerability resides in the way both plugins let WordPress account
holders, including administrators, authenticate via Facebook and Google
login mechanisms.
Image credit: WebARX
According to the vulnerability's advisory, due to lack of checks in the
authentication method when a user login via Facebook or Google,
vulnerable plugins can be tricked into allowing malicious users to login
as any other targeted user without requiring any password.
"However, the Facebook and Google authentication methods did not verify
the token returned by Facebook and Google, and since they don't require
a password, there was no password check," explained WebARX researchers,
who also analysed the flaw and confirmed its active exploitation.
"To exploit the vulnerability, the hacker needs to use the email ID of
an admin user of the site. In most cases, this information can be
retrieved fairly easily," MalCare said.
In an email to The Hacker News, WebARX confirmed that attackers are
abusing this flaw to install a fake SEO stats plugin after uploading a
tmp.zip file on the targeted WordPress server, which eventually drops a
wp-xmlrpc.php backdoor file to the root directory of the vulnerable
site.
MalCare discovered this vulnerability on Wednesday that affects
below-listed versions of the plugins and reported it to the developers
on the same day, who then quickly addressed the issue and released
patched versions of both within just 7 hours.
Ultimate Addons for Elementor <= 1.20.0
Ultimate Addons for Beaver Builder <= 1.24.0
The authentication bypass vulnerability has been patched with the
release of "Ultimate Addons for Elementor version 1.20.1" and "Ultimate
Addons for Beaver Builder version 1.24.1," which affected websites are
highly recommended to install as soon as possible.
- source_sentence: >+
Exclusive — If you have not updated your website to the latest WordPress
version 5.0.3, it's a brilliant idea to upgrade the content management
software of your site now. From now, I mean immediately.
Cybersecurity researchers at RIPS Technologies GmbH today shared their
latest research with The Hacker News, revealing the existence of a
critical remote code execution vulnerability that affects all previous
versions of WordPress content management software released in the past 6
years.
The remote code execution attack, discovered and reported to the WordPress
security team late last year, can be exploited by a low privileged
attacker with at least an "author" account using a combination of two
separate vulnerabilities—Path Traversal and Local File Inclusion—that
reside in the WordPress core.
The requirement of at least an author account reduces the severity of this
vulnerability to some extent, which could be exploited by a rogue content
contributor or an attacker who somehow manages to gain author's credential
using phishing, password reuse or other attacks.
"An attacker who gains access to an account with at least author
privileges on a target WordPress site can execute arbitrary PHP code on
the underlying server, leading to a full remote takeover," Scannell says.
Video Demonstration — Here's How the Attack Works
According to Simon Scannell, a researcher at RIPS Technologies GmbH, the
attack takes advantage of the way WordPress image management system
handles Post Meta entries used to store description, size, creator, and
other meta information of uploaded images.
Scannell found that a rogue or compromised author account can modify any
entries associated with an image and set them to arbitrary values, leading
to the Path Traversal vulnerability.
"The idea is to set _wp_attached_file to evil.jpg?shell.php, which would
lead to an HTTP request being made to the following URL:
https://targetserver.com/wp-content/uploads/evil.jpg?shell.php," Scannell
explains.
And, "it is still possible to plant the resulting image into any directory
by using a payload such as evil.jpg?/../../evil.jpg."
The Path Traversal flaw in combination with a local file inclusion flaw in
theme directory could then allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on
the targeted server.
The attack, as shown in the proof-of-concept video shared by the
researcher, can be executed within seconds to gain complete control over a
vulnerable WordPress blog.
According to Scannell, the code execution attack became non-exploitable in
WordPress versions 5.0.1 and 4.9.9 after patch for another vulnerability
was introduced which prevented unauthorized users from setting arbitrary
Post Meta entries.
However, the Path Traversal flaw is still unpatched even in the latest
WordPress version and can be exploited if any installed 3rd-party plugin
incorrectly handles Post Meta entries.
Scannell confirmed that the next release of WordPress would include a fix
to completely address the issue demonstrated by the researcher.
sentences:
- >+
Exclusive — If you have not updated your website to the latest WordPress
version 5.0.3, it's a brilliant idea to upgrade the content management
software of your site now. From now, I mean immediately.
Cybersecurity researchers at RIPS Technologies GmbH today shared their
latest research with The Hacker News, revealing the existence of a
critical remote code execution vulnerability that affects all previous
versions of WordPress content management software released in the past 6
years.
The remote code execution attack, discovered and reported to the
WordPress security team late last year, can be exploited by a low
privileged attacker with at least an "author" account using a
combination of two separate vulnerabilities—Path Traversal and Local
File Inclusion—that reside in the WordPress core.
The requirement of at least an author account reduces the severity of
this vulnerability to some extent, which could be exploited by a rogue
content contributor or an attacker who somehow manages to gain author's
credential using phishing, password reuse or other attacks.
"An attacker who gains access to an account with at least author
privileges on a target WordPress site can execute arbitrary PHP code on
the underlying server, leading to a full remote takeover," Scannell
says.
Video Demonstration — Here's How the Attack Works
According to Simon Scannell, a researcher at RIPS Technologies GmbH, the
attack takes advantage of the way WordPress image management system
handles Post Meta entries used to store description, size, creator, and
other meta information of uploaded images.
Scannell found that a rogue or compromised author account can modify any
entries associated with an image and set them to arbitrary values,
leading to the Path Traversal vulnerability.
"The idea is to set _wp_attached_file to evil.jpg?shell.php, which would
lead to an HTTP request being made to the following URL:
https://targetserver.com/wp-content/uploads/evil.jpg?shell.php,"
Scannell explains.
And, "it is still possible to plant the resulting image into any
directory by using a payload such as evil.jpg?/../../evil.jpg."
The Path Traversal flaw in combination with a local file inclusion flaw
in theme directory could then allow the attacker to execute arbitrary
code on the targeted server.
The attack, as shown in the proof-of-concept video shared by the
researcher, can be executed within seconds to gain complete control over
a vulnerable WordPress blog.
According to Scannell, the code execution attack became non-exploitable
in WordPress versions 5.0.1 and 4.9.9 after patch for another
vulnerability was introduced which prevented unauthorized users from
setting arbitrary Post Meta entries.
However, the Path Traversal flaw is still unpatched even in the latest
WordPress version and can be exploited if any installed 3rd-party plugin
incorrectly handles Post Meta entries.
Scannell confirmed that the next release of WordPress would include a
fix to completely address the issue demonstrated by the researcher.
- >+
Android Security Squad, the China-based group that uncovered a second
Android master key vulnerability that might be abused to modify
smartphone apps without breaking their digital signatures.
The whole point of digitally signing a document or file is to prove the
file hasn't been modified. The process uses a form of public-key
cryptography. In Chinese version of hacking attack, malicious code can
be added into the file headers, but the method is limited because
targeted files need to be smaller than 64K in size.
APK files are packed using a version of the widespread ZIP archiving
algorithm. Most ZIP implementations won't permit two same-named files in
one archive, but the algorithm itself doesn't forbid that possibility.
So basically, two versions of the classes.dex file are placed inside of
the package, the original and a hacked alternative.
When checking an app's digital signature, the Android OS looks at the
first matching file, but when actually executing and launching the file,
it grabs the last one. To Trojanize an app, then, all you need to do is
shoehorn your malicious code into it using a name that already exists
within the app.
The flaw is very similar to the first master key vulnerability recently
announced by researchers from mobile security firm Bluebox Security.
According to BlueBox, 99% of Android devices are vulnerable to this
attack. Google has already patched the flaw and posted it to the Android
Open Source Project (AOSP).
You can use ReKey, a free mobile app that's designed to patch the
Android master key vulnerability that's present in an estimated 900
million devices that run Android and that could be exploited by
attackers to take full control of a device.
Always get your apps from legitimate sources, always check to make sure
the developer name is valid, and configure your phone so it doesn't
permit installing apps from unknown sources.
- >+
Cyber criminals are using popular note-taking app Evernote as
Command-and-Control Server to give commands to the malware installed on
infected PCs using botnets.
TrendMicro uncovered a malware detected as "BKDR_VERNOT.A" tried to
communicate with Command-and-Control Server using Evernote.
Malware delivered via an executable file that installs the malware as a
dynamic-link library. The installer then ties the DLL into a legitimate
running process, hiding it from casual detection. Once installed,
BKDR_VERNOT.A can perform several backdoor commands such as downloading,
executing, and renaming files. It then gathers information from the
infected system, including details about its OS, timezone, user name,
computer name, registered owner and organization.
Researchers also pointed out that the backdoor may have also used
Evernote as a location to upload stolen data. "Unfortunately, during our
testing, it was not able to login using the credentials embedded in the
malware. This is possibly a security measure imposed by Evernote
following its recent hacking issue."
"Though this is a clever maneuver to avoid detection, this is not the
first time that a legitimate service like Evernote was used as a method
of evasion."
Like Evernote, Google Docs, Twitter and others have been misused in the
past.
- source_sentence: >+
U.S. has the top Security Agencies like NSA, FBI to tackle cyber crime and
terrorism with their high profile surveillance technologies, but even
after that U.S is proudly hosting 44% of the entire cloud based malware
distribution.
With the enhancement in Internet technology, Cloud computing has shown the
possibility of existence and now has become an essential gradient for any
Internet Identity.
Cloud services are designed in such a way that it is easy to maintain,
use, configure and can be scaled depending upon the requirement of the
service being provided using the CLOUD technology with cost effective
manner.
Due to the Easy and Cost effective alternative of traditional computing,
Malware writers are using the big cloud hosting platforms to quickly and
effectively serve malware to Internet users, allowing them to bypass
detection and geographic blacklisting by serving from a trusted provider.
Hiding behind trusted domains and names is not something new. According to
recently published SERT Q4 2013 Threat Intelligence Report, the malware
distributors are using Cloud Services from Amazon, GoDaddy and Google like
a legitimate customer, allowing them to infect millions of computers and
vast numbers of enterprise systems.
The Cloud-based hosting services let malware distributors to avoid the
detection because repeatedly changes IP addresses and domain names to
avoid detection. Amazon and GoDaddy were identified as the top
malware-hosting providers, with a 16 percent and a 14 percent share,
respectively.
Major Additional findings include:
United States hosts 4.6 times more malware than the next leading country.
58% of malicious files obtained were identified as HTML files, 26% were
directly executable.
Many malware developers and distributors are utilizing social engineering
tactics, including the use of trusted keywords and services, to evade
detection and increase potential infection counts.
A single malicious domain was spread across 20 countries, 67 providers and
199 unique IPs evade detection.
The SERT Research team collected a large number of samples from more than
12,000 Registrars, 22,000 ISPs (Internet Service Providers) and tested all
malicious packages with more than 40 antivirus engines, output of which is
concluded below:
The majority of the top malware sites is domains commonly associated with
the Potentially Unwanted Applications (PUA), more commonly known as
adware, type of malware distributions.
"Researchers found that a significant portion of the malware sampled
consisted of Microsoft Windows 32-bit Portable Executable (PE32) files
being used to distribute pay-per-install applications known as potentially
unwanted applications (PUAs)."
The report claimed that these malware is undetectable from over 40
anti-virus engines, that can act as a gateway for exploits and more than
half of malware found being distributed by HTML web pages.
sentences:
- >+
U.S. has the top Security Agencies like NSA, FBI to tackle cyber crime
and terrorism with their high profile surveillance technologies, but
even after that U.S is proudly hosting 44% of the entire cloud based
malware distribution.
With the enhancement in Internet technology, Cloud computing has shown
the possibility of existence and now has become an essential gradient
for any Internet Identity.
Cloud services are designed in such a way that it is easy to maintain,
use, configure and can be scaled depending upon the requirement of the
service being provided using the CLOUD technology with cost effective
manner.
Due to the Easy and Cost effective alternative of traditional computing,
Malware writers are using the big cloud hosting platforms to quickly and
effectively serve malware to Internet users, allowing them to bypass
detection and geographic blacklisting by serving from a trusted
provider.
Hiding behind trusted domains and names is not something new. According
to recently published SERT Q4 2013 Threat Intelligence Report, the
malware distributors are using Cloud Services from Amazon, GoDaddy and
Google like a legitimate customer, allowing them to infect millions of
computers and vast numbers of enterprise systems.
The Cloud-based hosting services let malware distributors to avoid the
detection because repeatedly changes IP addresses and domain names to
avoid detection. Amazon and GoDaddy were identified as the top
malware-hosting providers, with a 16 percent and a 14 percent share,
respectively.
Major Additional findings include:
United States hosts 4.6 times more malware than the next leading
country.
58% of malicious files obtained were identified as HTML files, 26% were
directly executable.
Many malware developers and distributors are utilizing social
engineering tactics, including the use of trusted keywords and services,
to evade detection and increase potential infection counts.
A single malicious domain was spread across 20 countries, 67 providers
and 199 unique IPs evade detection.
The SERT Research team collected a large number of samples from more
than 12,000 Registrars, 22,000 ISPs (Internet Service Providers) and
tested all malicious packages with more than 40 antivirus engines,
output of which is concluded below:
The majority of the top malware sites is domains commonly associated
with the Potentially Unwanted Applications (PUA), more commonly known as
adware, type of malware distributions.
"Researchers found that a significant portion of the malware sampled
consisted of Microsoft Windows 32-bit Portable Executable (PE32) files
being used to distribute pay-per-install applications known as
potentially unwanted applications (PUAs)."
The report claimed that these malware is undetectable from over 40
anti-virus engines, that can act as a gateway for exploits and more than
half of malware found being distributed by HTML web pages.
- >+
Windows 8 will be challenge for Malware writers
Microsoft™s security researcher believe that upcoming operating system,
Windows 8 is a step forward in security and Windows 8 will be far better
at protecting against malware than it's predecessors.
Chris Valasek, a senior security research scientist at development
testing firm Coverity, began examining the security features of Windows
8 last autumn, before the consumer previews of the upcoming revamp of
the new Microsoft OS came out.
"There are always going to be vulnerabilities but you can make it
difficult to leverage vulnerabilities to write exploits." One major
change between Windows 7 and 8 is the addition of more
exploit-mitigation technologies, however. Windows Memory Managers
(specifically the Windows Heap Manager and Windows Kernel Pool
Allocator) are designed to make it far harder for attackers to exploit
buffer-overflow vulnerabilities and the like to push malware onto
vulnerable systems.
The "security sandbox" for applications for Windows 8 will also be a
great step forward. "These new Windows 8 Apps will be contained by a
much more restrictive security sandbox, which is a mechanism to prevent
programs from performing certain actions," Valasek explains.
"This new App Container provides the operating system with a way to make
more fine-grained decisions on what actions certain applications can
perform, instead of relying on the more broad 'Integrity Levels' that
debuted in Windows Vista/7.
Windows 8 also comes with a new version of Internet Explorer,
Microsoft's browser software. Internet Explorer 10 will come with a mode
that disables support for third-party plug-ins such as Flash and Java.
- >+
Ransomware, a threat to internet users that continues to grow in
popularity with cyber criminals due to its success and monetary
potential. This is nothing new and to be expected. I have noticed many
discussions on underground hacking forums about "How to create
Ransomware like Cryptolocker malware" or "Malware - hacking tool-kit
with ransomware features".
Security intelligence provider, IntelCrawler has discovered a new
ransomware variant called Locker that demands $150 (£92) to restore
files that it has encrypted.
Like Cryptolocker, this new ransomware is also nasty because infected
users are in danger of losing their personal files forever.
Locker mainly spreads by drive-by downloads from compromised websites,
disguised itself as MP3 files and use system software vulnerabilities to
infect the end user.
Once it has infected a system, malware first checks the infected machine
has an internet connection or not. Then it deletes any original files
from the victim's computer after using AES-CTR for encrypting the files
on infected devices and add ". perfect" extension to them.
Locker's encryption is based on an open source tool called 'TurboPower
LockBox' library. After encrypting all files, the malware place a
"CONTACT.TXT" file in each directory, which provides contact details of
the author to buy the decryption key and once the ransom is paid, each
victim gets a key to unscramble files.
The good news is that the researchers are working on the universal
decryption software in order to help the victims. "It appears that the
hackers are simply comparing the list of infected IP addresses of users,
along with their host names," according IntelCrawler.
IntelCrawler had discovered 50 different builds of the malware, which
are being sold in underground markets for pay-per install programs. One
builds had just under 6,000 infected machines. ZdNet reported.
Malware will encrypt all drives visible on an infected system, so you
must be sure that your backups are stored remotely or in a location that
is not simply another drive partition or mapping to another location.
The malware infects users from the United States, Turkey, Russia,
Germany and the Netherlands. Users should remain vigilant about their
security. Please double check the legitimacy of links received in emails
and ensure you have your antivirus up to date to help protect against
such threats.
- source_sentence: >+
Security Event : Hack In Paris (16-17 June, 2011)
Hack In Paris is an international and corporate security event that will
take place in Disneyland Paris® fromJune 16th to 17th of 2011. Please
refer to the homepage to get up-to-date information about the event.
Topics
The following list contains major topics the conference will cover. Please
consider submitting even if the subject of your research is not listed
here.
Advances in reverse engineering
Vulnerability research and exploitation
Penetration testing and security assessment
Malware analysis and new trends in malicous codes
Forensics, IT crime & law enforcement
Privacy issues: LOPPSI, HADOPI, …
Low-level hacking (console security & mobile devices)
Risk management and ISO 27001
Dates
January 20: CFP announced
March 30: Submission deadline
April 15: Notification sent to authors
April 17: Program announcement
June 16-17: Hack In Paris
June 18: Nuit du Hack
More Information: https://hackinparis.com
sentences:
- >+
It's just two weeks into the Trump presidency, but his decisions have
caused utter chaos around the country.
One such order signed by the president was banning both refugees and
visa holders from seven Muslim-majority countries (Iraq, Iran, Libya,
Yemen, Somalia, Syria, and Sudan) from entering the United States,
resulting in unexpectedly arrest of some travelers at airports.
Now, it seems like some anti-Trump protesters have publically declared
their fight against the president by exploiting a known flaw in low
power FM (LPFM) radio transmitters to play a song the radio stations
didn't intend to broadcast.
Radio stations in South Carolina, Indiana, Texas, Tennessee and
Kentucky, were hacked recently to broadcast the Bompton-based rapper YG
and Nipsey Hussle's anti-Trump song "Fuck Donald Trump," which was
already a radio hit in some parts of the country last year, several
sources report.
The song was repeatedly played on Monday night, according to the
RadioInsight, and the news of the incident began emerging shortly after
Trump's inauguration on January 20, eight days before hackers hacked 70
percent of the police CCTV cameras in Washington DC.
Hackers gained access to the radio stations by exploiting known
vulnerabilities in Barix Exstreamer devices which can decode audio file
formats and send them along for LPFM transmission.
Over a dozen radio stations experienced the hack in recent weeks, though
some of them shut down their airwaves as quickly as possible in an
attempt to avoid playing the inflammatory "FDT (Fuck Donald Trump)" song
on loop.
The hackers or group of hackers behind the cyber attack is still
unknown. The affected stations so far include:
105.9 WFBS-LP Salem, S.C.
Radio 810 WMGC/96.7 W244CW Murfreesboro TN
101.9 Pirate Seattle
100.9 WCHQ-LP Louisville
100.5 KCGF-LP San Angelo TX
However, there are unconfirmed reports from radio stations in
California, Indiana, and Washington State that are believed to be
affected as well.
Has any of the radio stations you listen to been hit by the hackers? Let
us know in the comments!
- >+
Google is going to shut down its social media network Google+ after the
company suffered a massive data breach that exposed the private data of
hundreds of thousands of Google Plus users to third-party developers.
According to the tech giant, a security vulnerability in one of
Google+'s People APIs allowed third-party developers to access data for
more than 500,000 users, including their usernames, email addresses,
occupation, date of birth, profile photos, and gender-related
information.
Since Google+ servers do not keep API logs for more than two weeks, the
company cannot confirm the number of users impacted by the
vulnerability.
However, Google assured its users that the company found no evidence
that any developer was aware of this bug, or that the profile data was
misused by any of the 438 developers that could have had access.
"However, we ran a detailed analysis over the two weeks prior to
patching the bug, and from that analysis, the Profiles of up to 500,000
Google+ accounts were potentially affected. Our analysis showed that up
to 438 applications may have used this API," Google said in blog post
published today.
The vulnerability was open since 2015 and fixed after Google discovered
it in March 2018, but the company chose not to disclose the breach to
the public—at the time when Facebook was being roasted for Cambridge
Analytica scandal.
Though Google has not revealed the technical details of the security
vulnerability, the nature of the flaw seems to be something very similar
to Facebook API flaw that recently allowed unauthorized developers to
access private data from Facebook users.
Besides admitting the security breach, Google also announced that the
company is shutting down its social media network, acknowledging that
Google+ failed to gain broad adoption or significant traction with
consumers.
"The consumer version of Google+ currently has low usage and engagement:
90 percent of Google+ user sessions are less than five seconds," Google
said.
In response, the company has decided to shut down Google+ for consumers
by the end of August 2019. However, Google+ will continue as a product
for Enterprise users.
Google Introduces New Privacy Controls Over Third-Party App Permissions
As part of its "Project Strobe," Google engineers also reviewed
third-party developer access to Google account and Android device data;
and has accordingly now introduced some new privacy controls.
When a third-party app prompts users for access to their Google account
data, clicking "Allow" button approves all requested permissions at
once, leaving an opportunity for malicious apps to trick users into
giving away powerful permissions.
But now Google has updated its Account Permissions system that asks for
each requested permission individually rather than all at once, giving
users more control over what type of account data they choose to share
with each app.
Since APIs can also allow developers to access users' extremely
sensitive data, like that of Gmail account, Google has limited access to
Gmail API only for apps that directly enhance email functionality—such
as email clients, email backup services and productivity services.
Google shares fell over 2 percent to $1134.23 after the data breach
reports.
- >+
Security Event : Hack In Paris (16-17 June, 2011)
Hack In Paris is an international and corporate security event that will
take place in Disneyland Paris® fromJune 16th to 17th of 2011. Please
refer to the homepage to get up-to-date information about the event.
Topics
The following list contains major topics the conference will cover.
Please consider submitting even if the subject of your research is not
listed here.
Advances in reverse engineering
Vulnerability research and exploitation
Penetration testing and security assessment
Malware analysis and new trends in malicous codes
Forensics, IT crime & law enforcement
Privacy issues: LOPPSI, HADOPI, …
Low-level hacking (console security & mobile devices)
Risk management and ISO 27001
Dates
January 20: CFP announced
March 30: Submission deadline
April 15: Notification sent to authors
April 17: Program announcement
June 16-17: Hack In Paris
June 18: Nuit du Hack
More Information: https://hackinparis.com
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
Model Details
Model Description
- Model Type: Sentence Transformer
- Base model: sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
- Maximum Sequence Length: 256 tokens
- Output Dimensionality: 384 dimensions
- Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
Model Sources
- Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
- Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
- Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face
Full Model Architecture
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 256, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
(2): Normalize()
)
Usage
Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
pip install -U sentence-transformers
Then you can load this model and run inference.
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sgadagin/fine_tuned_sbert")
# Run inference
sentences = [
'Security Event : Hack In Paris (16-17 June, 2011)\n\n\nHack In Paris is an international and corporate security event that will take place in Disneyland Paris® fromJune 16th to 17th of 2011. Please refer to the homepage to get up-to-date information about the event.\n\nTopics\nThe following list contains major topics the conference will cover. Please consider submitting even if the subject of your research is not listed here.\nAdvances in reverse engineering\nVulnerability research and exploitation\nPenetration testing and security assessment\nMalware analysis and new trends in malicous codes\nForensics, IT crime & law enforcement\nPrivacy issues: LOPPSI, HADOPI, …\nLow-level hacking (console security & mobile devices)\nRisk management and ISO 27001\nDates\nJanuary 20: CFP announced\nMarch 30: Submission deadline\nApril 15: Notification sent to authors\nApril 17: Program announcement\nJune 16-17: Hack In Paris\nJune 18: Nuit du Hack\nMore Information: https://hackinparis.com\n\n',
'Security Event : Hack In Paris (16-17 June, 2011)\n\n\nHack In Paris is an international and corporate security event that will take place in Disneyland Paris® fromJune 16th to 17th of 2011. Please refer to the homepage to get up-to-date information about the event.\n\nTopics\nThe following list contains major topics the conference will cover. Please consider submitting even if the subject of your research is not listed here.\nAdvances in reverse engineering\nVulnerability research and exploitation\nPenetration testing and security assessment\nMalware analysis and new trends in malicous codes\nForensics, IT crime & law enforcement\nPrivacy issues: LOPPSI, HADOPI, …\nLow-level hacking (console security & mobile devices)\nRisk management and ISO 27001\nDates\nJanuary 20: CFP announced\nMarch 30: Submission deadline\nApril 15: Notification sent to authors\nApril 17: Program announcement\nJune 16-17: Hack In Paris\nJune 18: Nuit du Hack\nMore Information: https://hackinparis.com\n\n',
'Google is going to shut down its social media network Google+ after the company suffered a massive data breach that exposed the private data of hundreds of thousands of Google Plus users to third-party developers.\n\nAccording to the tech giant, a security vulnerability in one of Google+\'s People APIs allowed third-party developers to access data for more than 500,000 users, including their usernames, email addresses, occupation, date of birth, profile photos, and gender-related information.\n\nSince Google+ servers do not keep API logs for more than two weeks, the company cannot confirm the number of users impacted by the vulnerability.\n\nHowever, Google assured its users that the company found no evidence that any developer was aware of this bug, or that the profile data was misused by any of the 438 developers that could have had access.\n"However, we ran a detailed analysis over the two weeks prior to patching the bug, and from that analysis, the Profiles of up to 500,000 Google+ accounts were potentially affected. Our analysis showed that up to 438 applications may have used this API," Google said in blog post published today.\nThe vulnerability was open since 2015 and fixed after Google discovered it in March 2018, but the company chose not to disclose the breach to the public—at the time when Facebook was being roasted for Cambridge Analytica scandal.\n\nThough Google has not revealed the technical details of the security vulnerability, the nature of the flaw seems to be something very similar to Facebook API flaw that recently allowed unauthorized developers to access private data from Facebook users.\n\nBesides admitting the security breach, Google also announced that the company is shutting down its social media network, acknowledging that Google+ failed to gain broad adoption or significant traction with consumers.\n"The consumer version of Google+ currently has low usage and engagement: 90 percent of Google+ user sessions are less than five seconds," Google said.\nIn response, the company has decided to shut down Google+ for consumers by the end of August 2019. However, Google+ will continue as a product for Enterprise users.\n\nGoogle Introduces New Privacy Controls Over Third-Party App Permissions\n\nAs part of its "Project Strobe," Google engineers also reviewed third-party developer access to Google account and Android device data; and has accordingly now introduced some new privacy controls.\n\nWhen a third-party app prompts users for access to their Google account data, clicking "Allow" button approves all requested permissions at once, leaving an opportunity for malicious apps to trick users into giving away powerful permissions.\nBut now Google has updated its Account Permissions system that asks for each requested permission individually rather than all at once, giving users more control over what type of account data they choose to share with each app.\n\nSince APIs can also allow developers to access users\' extremely sensitive data, like that of Gmail account, Google has limited access to Gmail API only for apps that directly enhance email functionality—such as email clients, email backup services and productivity services.\n\nGoogle shares fell over 2 percent to $1134.23 after the data breach reports.\n\n',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
Training Details
Training Dataset
Unnamed Dataset
- Size: 3,742 training samples
- Columns:
sentence_0,sentence_1, andlabel - Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
sentence_0 sentence_1 label type string string int details - min: 37 tokens
- mean: 252.46 tokens
- max: 256 tokens
- min: 37 tokens
- mean: 252.46 tokens
- max: 256 tokens
- 0: ~35.20%
- 1: ~10.30%
- 2: ~17.90%
- 3: ~36.60%
- Samples:
sentence_0 sentence_1 label U.S. online fashion retailer SHEIN has admitted that the company has suffered a significant data breach after unknown hackers stole personally identifiable information (PII) of almost 6.5 million customers.
Based in North Brunswick and founded in 2008, SHEIN has become one of the largest online fashion retailers that ships to more than 80 countries worldwide. The site has been initially designed to produce "affordable" and trendy fashion clothing for women.
SHEIN revealed last weekend that its servers had been targeted by a "concerted criminal cyber-attack" that began in June this year and lasted until August 22, when the company was finally made aware of the potential theft.
Soon after that, the company scanned its servers to remove all possible backdoored entry points, leveraging which hackers could again infiltrate the servers. SHEIN assured its customers that the website is now safe to visit.
Hackers Stole Over 6.42 Million SHEIN Customers' Data
Although details about the inci...U.S. online fashion retailer SHEIN has admitted that the company has suffered a significant data breach after unknown hackers stole personally identifiable information (PII) of almost 6.5 million customers.
Based in North Brunswick and founded in 2008, SHEIN has become one of the largest online fashion retailers that ships to more than 80 countries worldwide. The site has been initially designed to produce "affordable" and trendy fashion clothing for women.
SHEIN revealed last weekend that its servers had been targeted by a "concerted criminal cyber-attack" that began in June this year and lasted until August 22, when the company was finally made aware of the potential theft.
Soon after that, the company scanned its servers to remove all possible backdoored entry points, leveraging which hackers could again infiltrate the servers. SHEIN assured its customers that the website is now safe to visit.
Hackers Stole Over 6.42 Million SHEIN Customers' Data
Although details about the inci...1A location based Social Networking platform with 45 million users,'Foursquare' was vulnerable to the primary email address disclosed.
Foursquare is a Smartphone application that gives you details of nearby cafes, bars, shops, parks using GPS location and also tells about your friends nearby.
According to a Penetration tester and hacker 'Jamal Eddine', an attacker can extract email addresses of all 45 million users just by using a few lines of scripting tool.
Basically the flaw exists in the Invitation system of the Foursquare app. While testing the app, he found that invitation received on the recipient's end actually disclosing the sender's email address, as shown above.
Invitation URL:
https://foursquare.com/mehdi?action=acceptFriendship&expires=1378920415&src=wtbfe&uid=64761059&sig=mmlx96RwGrQ2fJAg4OWZhAWnDvc%3D
Where 'uid' parameter represents the sender's profile ID.
Hacker noticed that the parameter in the Invitation URL can be modified in order to spoof the sender profile i...A location based Social Networking platform with 45 million users,'Foursquare' was vulnerable to the primary email address disclosed.
Foursquare is a Smartphone application that gives you details of nearby cafes, bars, shops, parks using GPS location and also tells about your friends nearby.
According to a Penetration tester and hacker 'Jamal Eddine', an attacker can extract email addresses of all 45 million users just by using a few lines of scripting tool.
Basically the flaw exists in the Invitation system of the Foursquare app. While testing the app, he found that invitation received on the recipient's end actually disclosing the sender's email address, as shown above.
Invitation URL:
https://foursquare.com/mehdi?action=acceptFriendship&expires=1378920415&src=wtbfe&uid=64761059&sig=mmlx96RwGrQ2fJAg4OWZhAWnDvc%3D
Where 'uid' parameter represents the sender's profile ID.
Hacker noticed that the parameter in the Invitation URL can be modified in order to spoof the sender profile i...1Earlier this week Dropbox team unveiled details of three critical vulnerabilities in Apple macOS operating system, which altogether could allow a remote attacker to execute malicious code on a targeted Mac computer just by convincing a victim into visiting a malicious web page.
The reported vulnerabilities were originally discovered by Syndis, a cybersecurity firm hired by Dropbox to conduct simulated penetration testing attacks as Red Team on the company's IT infrastructure, including Apple software used by Dropbox.
The vulnerabilities were discovered and disclosed to Apple security team in February this year, which were then patched by Apple just over one month later with the release of its March security updates. DropBox applauded Apple for its quick response to its bug report.
According to DropBox, the vulnerabilities discovered by Syndis didn't just affect its macOS fleet, but also affected all Safari users running the latest version of the web browser and operating system at t...Earlier this week Dropbox team unveiled details of three critical vulnerabilities in Apple macOS operating system, which altogether could allow a remote attacker to execute malicious code on a targeted Mac computer just by convincing a victim into visiting a malicious web page.
The reported vulnerabilities were originally discovered by Syndis, a cybersecurity firm hired by Dropbox to conduct simulated penetration testing attacks as Red Team on the company's IT infrastructure, including Apple software used by Dropbox.
The vulnerabilities were discovered and disclosed to Apple security team in February this year, which were then patched by Apple just over one month later with the release of its March security updates. DropBox applauded Apple for its quick response to its bug report.
According to DropBox, the vulnerabilities discovered by Syndis didn't just affect its macOS fleet, but also affected all Safari users running the latest version of the web browser and operating system at t...3 - Loss:
SoftmaxLoss
Training Hyperparameters
Non-Default Hyperparameters
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin
All Hyperparameters
Click to expand
overwrite_output_dir: Falsedo_predict: Falseeval_strategy: noprediction_loss_only: Trueper_device_train_batch_size: 8per_device_eval_batch_size: 8per_gpu_train_batch_size: Noneper_gpu_eval_batch_size: Nonegradient_accumulation_steps: 1eval_accumulation_steps: Nonetorch_empty_cache_steps: Nonelearning_rate: 5e-05weight_decay: 0.0adam_beta1: 0.9adam_beta2: 0.999adam_epsilon: 1e-08max_grad_norm: 1num_train_epochs: 3max_steps: -1lr_scheduler_type: linearlr_scheduler_kwargs: {}warmup_ratio: 0.0warmup_steps: 0log_level: passivelog_level_replica: warninglog_on_each_node: Truelogging_nan_inf_filter: Truesave_safetensors: Truesave_on_each_node: Falsesave_only_model: Falserestore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: Falseno_cuda: Falseuse_cpu: Falseuse_mps_device: Falseseed: 42data_seed: Nonejit_mode_eval: Falseuse_ipex: Falsebf16: Falsefp16: Falsefp16_opt_level: O1half_precision_backend: autobf16_full_eval: Falsefp16_full_eval: Falsetf32: Nonelocal_rank: 0ddp_backend: Nonetpu_num_cores: Nonetpu_metrics_debug: Falsedebug: []dataloader_drop_last: Falsedataloader_num_workers: 0dataloader_prefetch_factor: Nonepast_index: -1disable_tqdm: Falseremove_unused_columns: Truelabel_names: Noneload_best_model_at_end: Falseignore_data_skip: Falsefsdp: []fsdp_min_num_params: 0fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: Noneaccelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}deepspeed: Nonelabel_smoothing_factor: 0.0optim: adamw_torchoptim_args: Noneadafactor: Falsegroup_by_length: Falselength_column_name: lengthddp_find_unused_parameters: Noneddp_bucket_cap_mb: Noneddp_broadcast_buffers: Falsedataloader_pin_memory: Truedataloader_persistent_workers: Falseskip_memory_metrics: Trueuse_legacy_prediction_loop: Falsepush_to_hub: Falseresume_from_checkpoint: Nonehub_model_id: Nonehub_strategy: every_savehub_private_repo: Nonehub_always_push: Falsegradient_checkpointing: Falsegradient_checkpointing_kwargs: Noneinclude_inputs_for_metrics: Falseinclude_for_metrics: []eval_do_concat_batches: Truefp16_backend: autopush_to_hub_model_id: Nonepush_to_hub_organization: Nonemp_parameters:auto_find_batch_size: Falsefull_determinism: Falsetorchdynamo: Noneray_scope: lastddp_timeout: 1800torch_compile: Falsetorch_compile_backend: Nonetorch_compile_mode: Nonedispatch_batches: Nonesplit_batches: Noneinclude_tokens_per_second: Falseinclude_num_input_tokens_seen: Falseneftune_noise_alpha: Noneoptim_target_modules: Nonebatch_eval_metrics: Falseeval_on_start: Falseuse_liger_kernel: Falseeval_use_gather_object: Falseaverage_tokens_across_devices: Falseprompts: Nonebatch_sampler: batch_samplermulti_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin
Training Logs
| Epoch | Step | Training Loss |
|---|---|---|
| 1.0684 | 500 | 1.2186 |
| 2.1368 | 1000 | 1.145 |
Framework Versions
- Python: 3.12.9
- Sentence Transformers: 3.4.1
- Transformers: 4.49.0
- PyTorch: 2.6.0
- Accelerate: 1.4.0
- Datasets: 3.3.2
- Tokenizers: 0.21.0
Citation
BibTeX
Sentence Transformers and SoftmaxLoss
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = "11",
year = "2019",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}