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| import os | |
| from pathlib import Path | |
| # Create all directories | |
| dirs = [ | |
| "data/knowledge_base/crops/rice", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/crops/wheat", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/crops/maize", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/crops/jute", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/crops/sugarcane", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/crops/potato", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/crops/vegetables", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/crops/fruits", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/crops/pulses", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/crops/oilseeds", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/crops/spices", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/diseases/fungal", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/diseases/bacterial", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/diseases/viral", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/diseases/nematode", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/pests", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/soil", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/irrigation", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/fertilizer", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/climate", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/livestock", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/fisheries", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/post_harvest", | |
| "data/knowledge_base/economics", | |
| ] | |
| for d in dirs: | |
| os.makedirs(d, exist_ok=True) | |
| # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ | |
| # ALL KNOWLEDGE FILES | |
| # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ | |
| files = {} | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| # RICE — Complete Coverage | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| files["crops/rice/rice_production_overview.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Rice Production in Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: BRRI, DAE, FAO | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| Bangladesh is one of the world's top rice producers. Rice is grown in three seasons: | |
| - Boro (irrigated winter rice): November-May, highest yield, 55% of total production | |
| - Aman (monsoon rice): June-December, largest area, rain-fed | |
| - Aus (pre-monsoon rice): March-August, smallest area, declining | |
| Total rice production: 37-38 million metric tons annually | |
| Rice cultivated area: 11.5-12 million hectares | |
| Average yield: 3.0-3.5 tons/hectare (HYV can give 6-8 tons/hectare) | |
| Major rice growing districts: | |
| Boro: Sylhet, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Dinajpur, Rangpur | |
| Aman: All districts, especially coastal areas | |
| Aus: Mymensingh, Jamalpur, Kishorgonj | |
| বাংলাদেশে ধান চাষ: | |
| তিনটি মৌসুমে ধান চাষ হয়: | |
| - বোরো: নভেম্বর-মে, সেচনির্ভর, সর্বোচ্চ ফলন | |
| - আমন: জুন-ডিসেম্বর, বৃষ্টিনির্ভর, সবচেয়ে বেশি জমি | |
| - আউশ: মার্চ-আগস্ট, কম জমি, কমছে | |
| """ | |
| files["crops/rice/rice_varieties_complete.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Complete Rice Variety Guide for Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: BRRI | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| == BORO RICE VARIETIES (Winter/Irrigated) == | |
| BRRI dhan28: | |
| - Yield: 6.0-7.0 ton/ha | |
| - Duration: 140-145 days | |
| - Disease resistance: Moderate blast tolerance | |
| - Suitable: All boro growing areas | |
| BRRI dhan29: | |
| - Yield: 7.0-8.0 ton/ha | |
| - Duration: 155-160 days | |
| - Most popular variety in Bangladesh | |
| - Note: Susceptible to late planting | |
| BRRI dhan47: | |
| - Yield: 6.0-7.0 ton/ha | |
| - Salinity tolerant up to 8 dS/m | |
| - Blast resistant | |
| - Suitable: Coastal areas | |
| BRRI dhan58: | |
| - Yield: 7.0-8.0 ton/ha | |
| - Zinc enriched (nutritionally superior) | |
| - Duration: 148-153 days | |
| BRRI dhan74: | |
| - Yield: 7.0-8.0 ton/ha | |
| - Thermo-tolerant (withstands high night temperature) | |
| - Duration: 145-150 days | |
| BRRI dhan84: | |
| - Yield: 8.0-9.0 ton/ha | |
| - Blast resistant | |
| - Duration: 148-155 days | |
| BRRI dhan86: | |
| - Yield: 9.0-10.0 ton/ha | |
| - Duration: 152-158 days | |
| - Heat tolerant | |
| Bangabandhu Dhan100 (BB Dhan100): | |
| - Yield: 6.0-7.0 ton/ha | |
| - Aromatic, premium quality | |
| - Zinc enriched | |
| == AMAN RICE VARIETIES (Monsoon) == | |
| BRRI dhan49: | |
| - Yield: 5.0-6.0 ton/ha | |
| - Submergence tolerant (flash flood up to 14 days) | |
| - Duration: 135-140 days | |
| BRRI dhan51: | |
| - Yield: 4.5-5.5 ton/ha | |
| - Deep water tolerant | |
| - Suitable: Haor areas | |
| BRRI dhan52: | |
| - Yield: 4.5-5.0 ton/ha | |
| - Late submergence tolerant | |
| - Duration: 143-148 days | |
| BRRI dhan87: | |
| - Yield: 5.0-6.0 ton/ha | |
| - Salinity tolerant (aman season) | |
| - Suitable: Coastal aman areas | |
| BRRI dhan93, BRRI dhan94: | |
| - Newly released flood tolerant | |
| - Duration: 130-140 days | |
| == জাত নির্বাচন গাইড == | |
| বোরো মৌসুমের সেরা জাত: BRRI dhan29 (সর্বোচ্চ ফলন) | |
| ব্লাস্ট প্রতিরোধী: BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan47, BRRI dhan84 | |
| লবণ সহনশীল: BRRI dhan47, BRRI dhan61, BRRI dhan87 | |
| বন্যা সহনশীল: BRRI dhan49, BRRI dhan51, BRRI dhan52 | |
| সুগন্ধি: BB Dhan100, BRRI dhan50 | |
| """ | |
| files["crops/rice/rice_diseases_complete.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: All Rice Diseases in Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: BRRI, IRRI | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| == 1. BLAST DISEASE (ব্লাস্ট রোগ) == | |
| Pathogen: Magnaporthe oryzae | |
| Type: Fungal | |
| Severity: Most destructive rice disease in Bangladesh | |
| Symptoms: | |
| - Leaf blast: Diamond-shaped gray-brown lesions | |
| - Neck blast: Black lesion at neck node, white head (সাদা মাথা) | |
| - Node blast: Black/rotten internodes | |
| Favorable conditions: | |
| - Temperature: 24-28°C | |
| - Humidity: >90% | |
| - Cloudy weather, heavy dew | |
| - Excess nitrogen fertilizer | |
| Management: | |
| Chemical: Tricyclazole 0.75g/L OR Isoprothiolane 1.5ml/L | |
| Apply: 2 sprays at 7-10 day intervals | |
| Resistant varieties: BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan47, BRRI dhan84 | |
| Cultural: Avoid excess nitrogen, maintain water in field | |
| == 2. SHEATH BLIGHT (শিথ ব্লাইট) == | |
| Pathogen: Rhizoctonia solani | |
| Type: Fungal | |
| Symptoms: | |
| - Oval/irregular greenish-gray lesions on leaf sheath | |
| - White mycelium visible in humid conditions | |
| - Lesions have brown border | |
| - Severe cases cause lodging | |
| Management: | |
| Chemical: Hexaconazole 1ml/L OR Validamycin 2ml/L | |
| Cultural: Reduce plant density, increase potash fertilizer | |
| Avoid: Excess nitrogen | |
| == 3. BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT (ব্যাকটেরিয়াল লিফ ব্লাইট) == | |
| Pathogen: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae | |
| Type: Bacterial | |
| Symptoms: | |
| - Yellowing from leaf tip/margins | |
| - Water-soaked lesions spread from edges | |
| - Bacterial ooze visible in morning | |
| - Field appears gray-brown | |
| Management: | |
| - Copper-based bactericides | |
| - Reduce nitrogen fertilizer | |
| - Resistant varieties: BRRI dhan29, BRRI dhan50 | |
| - Remove infected plants | |
| == 4. BROWN SPOT (বাদামী দাগ রোগ) == | |
| Pathogen: Bipolaris oryzae | |
| Type: Fungal | |
| Symptoms: | |
| - Circular/oval brown lesions on leaves | |
| - White/gray center with brown margin | |
| - Affects grain causing discoloration | |
| Management: | |
| - Mancozeb 2.5g/L spray | |
| - Improve soil nutrition (potassium) | |
| - Use healthy seeds | |
| == 5. FALSE SMUT (মিথ্যা কাণ্ডপচা / ফলস স্মাট) == | |
| Pathogen: Ustilaginoidea virens | |
| Type: Fungal | |
| Symptoms: | |
| - Individual grains converted to orange-green spore balls | |
| - Balls enlarge and burst, releasing spores | |
| - Affects grain quality | |
| Management: | |
| - Propiconazole spray at heading | |
| - Avoid dense planting | |
| == 6. SHEATH ROT == | |
| Pathogen: Sarocladium oryzae | |
| Type: Fungal | |
| Symptoms: | |
| - Irregular lesions on flag leaf sheath | |
| - Causes grain sterility | |
| - Brown discoloration inside sheath | |
| Management: | |
| - Carbendazim spray | |
| - Balanced fertilization | |
| == 7. TUNGRO DISEASE (টুংরো রোগ) == | |
| Cause: Virus transmitted by green leafhopper | |
| Type: Viral | |
| Symptoms: | |
| - Yellow-orange discoloration of leaves | |
| - Stunted plant growth | |
| - Reduced tillering | |
| - Incomplete panicle emergence | |
| Management: | |
| - Control leafhopper vector: Imidacloprid spray | |
| - Use resistant varieties: BRRI dhan27 | |
| - Remove infected plants early | |
| == সংক্ষিপ্ত রোগ চেনার চার্ট == | |
| সাদা মাথা → ব্লাস্ট রোগ (গলা পচা) | |
| পাতায় হীরা আকৃতির দাগ → ব্লাস্ট | |
| পাতার খোলে ডিম্বাকৃতি দাগ → শিথ ব্লাইট | |
| পাতা ডগা থেকে হলুদ → ব্যাকটেরিয়াল ব্লাইট | |
| পাতায় বাদামী গোলাকার দাগ → ব্রাউন স্পট | |
| দানায় সবুজ বল → ফলস স্মাট | |
| গাছ বামন, পাতা হলুদ-কমলা → টুংরো | |
| """ | |
| files["crops/rice/rice_pest_complete.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: All Rice Pests in Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: BRRI, IRRI, brri_rice_insect_pest_management_bd | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| == 1. YELLOW STEM BORER (হলুদ মাজরা পোকা) == | |
| Scientific name: Scirpophaga incertulas | |
| Most damaging pest in Bangladesh | |
| Damage: | |
| - Dead heart in vegetative stage (central shoot dies) | |
| - White ear in reproductive stage (empty panicle) | |
| Management: | |
| - Carbofuran 3G: 20 kg/ha in soil | |
| - Chlorpyrifos 20EC: 2ml/L spray | |
| - Light trap to catch moths | |
| - Remove egg masses from leaves | |
| চেনার উপায়: কেন্দ্রীয় কুশি মরে যায় (ডেড হার্ট), শিষ সাদা হয় (হোয়াইট ইয়ার) | |
| == 2. BROWN PLANTHOPPER (বাদামী গাছফড়িং) == | |
| Scientific name: Nilaparvata lugens | |
| Can cause complete crop loss (hopper burn) | |
| Damage: | |
| - Sucks sap from base of plants | |
| - Circular brown patches (hopper burn) | |
| - Transmits grassy stunt and ragged stunt viruses | |
| Management: | |
| - Imidacloprid 0.5ml/L spray at base of plants | |
| - Buprofezin 1ml/L (disrupts molting) | |
| - Avoid excess nitrogen | |
| - Maintain water in field | |
| - Preserve natural enemies | |
| == 3. RICE HISPA (পামরি পোকা) == | |
| Scientific name: Dicladispa armigera | |
| Damage: | |
| - White streaks on leaves (larvae mine inside) | |
| - Adults scrape leaf surface leaving silvery patches | |
| Management: | |
| - Cut and destroy infested leaf tips | |
| - Malathion 2ml/L spray | |
| - Chlorpyrifos spray | |
| == 4. GALL MIDGE (গলমাছি) == | |
| Scientific name: Orseolia oryzae | |
| Damage: | |
| - Produces silver shoot (tubular gall) | |
| - Tillers converted to hollow tubes | |
| - No grain formation in affected tillers | |
| Management: | |
| - Carbofuran 3G in soil | |
| - Chlorpyrifos spray | |
| - Resistant varieties | |
| == 5. THRIPS (থ্রিপস) == | |
| Damage: Curled leaves, silvery streaks, reduced tillering | |
| Management: | |
| - Imidacloprid 0.5ml/L | |
| - Keep field flooded | |
| == 6. RICE BUG (ধানের গান্ধি পোকা) == | |
| Scientific name: Leptocorisa oratorius | |
| Damage: Sucks milky grain, causes empty grains and discoloration | |
| Management: | |
| - Malathion spray at milky stage | |
| - Early morning spray when bugs are less active | |
| == পোকা চেনার চার্ট == | |
| কেন্দ্রীয় কুশি মরা + শিষ সাদা → মাজরা পোকা | |
| গাছের গোড়ায় বাদামী প্যাচ → বাদামী গাছফড়িং | |
| পাতায় সাদা রেখা → পামরি পোকা | |
| রুপালী টিউব তিলার → গলমাছি | |
| পাতা কুঁকড়ানো + রুপালী দাগ → থ্রিপস | |
| """ | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| # WHEAT | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| files["crops/wheat/wheat_complete.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Wheat Production and Disease Management in Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: BARI, USDA, blast_threat_bangladesh.pdf | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| == PRODUCTION OVERVIEW == | |
| Annual production: 1.0-1.2 million metric tons | |
| Cultivated area: 0.3-0.4 million hectares | |
| Major districts: Dinajpur, Rajshahi, Jessore, Jashore, Pabna, Kushtia | |
| Season: Rabi (sown November, harvested March-April) | |
| Yield: 2.5-3.5 ton/ha (HYV) | |
| == POPULAR VARIETIES == | |
| BARI Gom-26: High yield, good quality, most popular | |
| BARI Gom-28: Heat tolerant, good for late planting | |
| BARI Gom-33: BLAST RESISTANT — recommended after 2016 | |
| BARI Gom-30: High yield, widely grown | |
| BAW-1143: Good baking quality | |
| == WHEAT BLAST DISEASE (গমের ব্লাস্ট রোগ) == | |
| Pathogen: Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype (MoT) | |
| FIRST APPEARED IN BANGLADESH: February 2016 | |
| First occurrence outside South America | |
| 2016 Outbreak: | |
| - 8 districts affected: Pabna, Kushtia, Meherpur, Chuadanga, Jhenaidah, Jessore, Barisal, Bhola | |
| - 15,000 hectares affected | |
| - Yield loss: 25-100% | |
| Symptoms: | |
| - Premature bleaching of entire wheat head | |
| - Individual spikelets bleach from base | |
| - Seeds are shriveled and light | |
| - No lesions on leaves (unlike rice blast) | |
| Management: | |
| - Use BARI Gom-33 (blast resistant variety) — PRIMARY RECOMMENDATION | |
| - Tebuconazole 1ml/L spray at heading | |
| - Do NOT plant wheat adjacent to rice fields | |
| - Avoid using seeds from infected fields | |
| - Early planting reduces risk | |
| == OTHER WHEAT DISEASES == | |
| Leaf Rust (পাতার মরিচা): | |
| - Orange-yellow pustules on leaves | |
| - Use Propiconazole spray | |
| - Resistant varieties: BARI Gom-26 | |
| Powdery Mildew (পাউডারি মিলডিউ): | |
| - White powdery coating on leaves | |
| - Favored by cool dry weather | |
| - Tebuconazole spray | |
| == সার সুপারিশ (গম) == | |
| ইউরিয়া: ১৮০-২২০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| টিএসপি: ১০০-১২০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| এমওপি: ৮০-১০০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| জিপসাম: ৪০-৬০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| সেচ: ২-৩ বার (সিআরআই, বুটিং, দুধ পর্যায়) | |
| """ | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| # VEGETABLES — Complete | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| files["crops/vegetables/tomato_complete.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Tomato Production, Diseases and Pest Management Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: BARI, FAO, fao_eggplant_ipm.pdf | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| == PRODUCTION == | |
| Season: Rabi (October-March), some year-round varieties | |
| Major districts: Jessore, Jashore, Bogra, Comilla, Narsingdi | |
| Average yield: 15-20 ton/ha (HYV up to 40-50 ton/ha) | |
| Popular varieties: | |
| - BARI Tomato-14: High yield, heat tolerant | |
| - BARI Tomato-15: Good quality, processing type | |
| - Hybrid varieties: BARI Hybrid Tomato-4, -8 | |
| == MAJOR DISEASES == | |
| 1. Late Blight (লেট ব্লাইট): | |
| Pathogen: Phytophthora infestans | |
| Symptoms: Dark water-soaked lesions on leaves, white mold under leaves, fruit rot | |
| Management: | |
| - Mancozeb 2.5g/L spray every 7 days | |
| - Metalaxyl+Mancozeb 2.5g/L | |
| - Avoid overhead irrigation | |
| - Remove infected plants | |
| 2. Bacterial Wilt (ব্যাকটেরিয়াল উইল্ট): | |
| Pathogen: Ralstonia solanacearum | |
| Symptoms: Sudden wilting, stem shows brown vascular ring | |
| No chemical cure — prevention only: | |
| - Crop rotation (3-4 years) | |
| - Resistant varieties | |
| - Soil sterilization before planting | |
| - Remove infected plants immediately | |
| 3. Early Blight: | |
| Pathogen: Alternaria solani | |
| Symptoms: Brown concentric ring lesions on older leaves | |
| Management: Mancozeb or Chlorothalonil spray | |
| 4. Fusarium Wilt: | |
| Pathogen: Fusarium oxysporum | |
| Symptoms: One-sided wilting, yellow streaks in stem | |
| No chemical cure — use resistant varieties | |
| 5. Fruit Borer (টমেটো ফলছিদ্রকারী পোকা): | |
| Pest: Helicoverpa armigera | |
| Management: | |
| - Spinosad 0.3ml/L spray | |
| - Emamectin benzoate 0.4g/L | |
| - Pheromone traps | |
| == সার সুপারিশ (টমেটো) == | |
| গোবর সার: ১৫-২০ টন/হেক্টর | |
| ইউরিয়া: ৩০০-৩৫০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| টিএসপি: ২০০-২৫০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| এমওপি: ২৫০-৩০০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| ক্যালসিয়াম নাইট্রেট: ১৫০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| """ | |
| files["crops/vegetables/eggplant_brinjal.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Eggplant/Brinjal (Begun) Production and Disease Management | |
| SOURCE: BARI, fao_eggplant_ipm.pdf | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| বেগুন বাংলাদেশের সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সবজি। | |
| Eggplant is the most important vegetable in Bangladesh. | |
| == PRODUCTION == | |
| Annual production: 400,000+ metric tons | |
| Year-round crop, peak October-March | |
| Major districts: Jashore, Comilla, Bogra, Dinajpur | |
| Popular varieties: | |
| - BARI Begun-1 to BARI Begun-12 | |
| - Bt Brinjal (BARI Bt Begun-1 to -4): Resistant to shoot and fruit borer | |
| - Local varieties: Nayantara, Islampuri, Singnath | |
| == MAJOR DISEASES == | |
| 1. Little Leaf Disease (ছোট পাতা রোগ): | |
| Cause: Phytoplasma, spread by leafhoppers | |
| Symptoms: | |
| - Leaves become very small and narrow | |
| - Bushy plant appearance | |
| - No flowers or fruit | |
| No chemical treatment. Management: | |
| - Remove infected plants | |
| - Control leafhopper with Imidacloprid 0.5ml/L | |
| - Use disease-free seedlings | |
| 2. Damping Off (গাছের গোড়া পচা): | |
| Cause: Pythium, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia | |
| Symptoms: Seedlings fall over and die at soil level | |
| Management: | |
| - Seed treatment with Mancozeb | |
| - Improve nursery drainage | |
| - Avoid overwatering | |
| 3. Phomopsis Blight: | |
| Symptoms: Water-soaked lesions on fruits and stems | |
| Management: Mancozeb or Copper oxychloride spray | |
| == MAJOR PEST == | |
| Shoot and Fruit Borer (ডগা ও ফল ছিদ্রকারী পোকা): | |
| Pest: Leucinodes orbonalis | |
| Most serious pest of eggplant in Bangladesh | |
| Symptoms: | |
| - Drooping and drying of shoot tips | |
| - Borer holes in fruits with frass | |
| - Infested fruits drop prematurely | |
| Management: | |
| - Bt Brinjal varieties — BEST SOLUTION | |
| - Spinosad 0.3ml/L spray | |
| - Remove and destroy infested shoots/fruits daily | |
| - Pheromone traps for male moths | |
| == সার সুপারিশ (বেগুন) == | |
| গোবর সার: ১০-১৫ টন/হেক্টর | |
| ইউরিয়া: ২৫০-৩০০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| টিএসপি: ১৫০-২০০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| এমওপি: ২০০-২৫০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| """ | |
| files["crops/vegetables/potato_complete.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Potato Production and Disease Management Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: BARI, purdue_late_blight_tomato_potato.pdf | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| আলু বাংলাদেশের তৃতীয় বৃহত্তম ফসল। | |
| Potato is the 3rd largest crop in Bangladesh. | |
| == PRODUCTION == | |
| Annual production: 10-11 million metric tons | |
| Cultivated area: 470,000-500,000 hectares | |
| Season: Rabi (October-March) | |
| Major districts: Munshiganj, Bogra, Rangpur, Dinajpur, Comilla | |
| Average yield: 20-22 ton/ha | |
| Popular varieties: | |
| - Diamant: Most popular, high yield | |
| - Cardinal: Early variety | |
| - Granola: Good processing quality | |
| - BARI Alu-25: Disease resistant, local adaptation | |
| - BARI Alu-41: Late blight resistant | |
| - Asterix: Red skin, good quality | |
| == MAJOR DISEASES == | |
| 1. Late Blight (লেট ব্লাইট) — MOST SERIOUS: | |
| Pathogen: Phytophthora infestans | |
| Season: November-February (cold, foggy weather) | |
| Symptoms: | |
| - Water-soaked dark lesions on leaves | |
| - White mold on underside in humid conditions | |
| - Rapid spread — can destroy entire field in 5-7 days | |
| - Tuber rot with reddish-brown discoloration | |
| Management: | |
| Preventive spraying schedule: | |
| - Start spraying 30-35 days after planting | |
| - Mancozeb 2.5g/L every 7 days (dry weather) | |
| - Metalaxyl+Mancozeb 2.5g/L every 10 days | |
| - In rainy weather: spray every 5-7 days | |
| - Use BARI Alu-25 or BARI Alu-41 (resistant varieties) | |
| 2. Early Blight: | |
| Pathogen: Alternaria solani | |
| Symptoms: Concentric ring lesions on older leaves | |
| Management: Mancozeb spray | |
| 3. Common Scab: | |
| Pathogen: Streptomyces scabies | |
| Symptoms: Rough corky lesions on tubers | |
| Management: Maintain soil pH 5.2-5.5, avoid lime | |
| 4. Bacterial Soft Rot: | |
| Pathogen: Pectobacterium carotovorum | |
| Symptoms: Tuber becomes soft and foul-smelling | |
| Management: Proper storage conditions, avoid wounding | |
| == সার সুপারিশ (আলু) == | |
| গোবর সার: ১০-১৫ টন/হেক্টর | |
| ইউরিয়া: ২৫০-৩০০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| টিএসপি: ১৫০-২০০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| এমওপি: ২০০-২৫০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| প্রয়োগ: রোপণের সময় মূল সার, ৩০ দিন পর ইউরিয়ার অর্ধেক | |
| == সংরক্ষণ == | |
| তাপমাত্রা: ৩-৫°C | |
| আর্দ্রতা: ৮৫-৯০% | |
| বায়ু চলাচল: পর্যাপ্ত | |
| আলো: অন্ধকার ঘরে রাখুন | |
| """ | |
| files["crops/vegetables/all_vegetables_diseases.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: All Vegetable Diseases and Management Guide Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: BARI, FAO, fao_eggplant_ipm.pdf | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| == ONION AND GARLIC (পেঁয়াজ ও রসুন) == | |
| Purple Blotch (বেগুনী দাগ রোগ): | |
| Pathogen: Alternaria porri | |
| Symptoms: Small white lesions turning purple on leaves | |
| Management: Mancozeb 2.5g/L or Iprodione spray | |
| Downy Mildew: | |
| Pathogen: Peronospora destructor | |
| Symptoms: Pale green areas, violet-gray fungal growth | |
| Management: Metalaxyl+Mancozeb spray | |
| Stemphylium Blight: | |
| Symptoms: Yellow-orange lesions on leaves | |
| Management: Mancozeb or Chlorothalonil spray | |
| == CHILI/PEPPER (মরিচ) == | |
| Anthracnose (কাণ্ড ও ফল পচা): | |
| Pathogen: Colletotrichum capsici | |
| Symptoms: Circular sunken dark lesions on fruit | |
| Management: Carbendazim 1g/L or Mancozeb spray | |
| Bacterial Wilt: Same as tomato bacterial wilt | |
| Chili Leaf Curl Virus: | |
| Cause: Virus spread by whitefly | |
| Symptoms: Curled, distorted leaves, plant stunting | |
| Management: Control whitefly with Imidacloprid, use virus-free seedlings | |
| == GOURD/CUCURBITS (কুমড়া, লাউ, শসা) == | |
| Downy Mildew: | |
| Symptoms: Yellow angular spots on upper leaf surface, purple mold below | |
| Management: Metalaxyl+Mancozeb 2.5g/L spray | |
| Powdery Mildew: | |
| Symptoms: White powdery coating on leaves | |
| Management: Sulfur 80WP 2g/L or Myclobutanil spray | |
| Gummy Stem Blight: | |
| Pathogen: Didymella bryoniae | |
| Symptoms: Water-soaked stem lesions, gummy exudate | |
| Management: Carbendazim or Thiophanate-methyl spray | |
| Fruit Fly (ফলের মাছি): | |
| Pest: Bactrocera cucurbitae | |
| Management: Protein bait + malathion, pheromone traps | |
| == CABBAGE/CAULIFLOWER (বাঁধাকপি/ফুলকপি) == | |
| Black Rot: | |
| Pathogen: Xanthomonas campestris | |
| Symptoms: V-shaped yellow lesions from leaf margins | |
| Management: Copper-based spray, use disease-free seeds | |
| Downy Mildew: | |
| Management: Metalaxyl spray | |
| Diamond Back Moth (DBM) — Most serious pest: | |
| Pest: Plutella xylostella | |
| Management: | |
| - Bt spray (Bacillus thuringiensis) | |
| - Spinosad 0.3ml/L | |
| - Yellow sticky traps | |
| == BEAN (শিম) == | |
| Bean Mosaic Virus: Spread by aphids, causes mosaic discoloration | |
| Management: Control aphids with Imidacloprid | |
| Rust: Orange pustules on leaves | |
| Management: Propiconazole or Mancozeb spray | |
| Pod Borer: Maruca vitrata | |
| Management: Spinosad or Emamectin benzoate spray | |
| """ | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| # FRUITS | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| files["crops/fruits/mango_complete.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Mango Production and Disease Management Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: BARI, FAO, fao_mango_production_asia.pdf | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| আম বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় ফল এবং সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বাণিজ্যিক ফল। | |
| == PRODUCTION == | |
| Annual production: 1.0-1.2 million metric tons | |
| Major districts: Rajshahi, Chapainawabganj, Nawabganj, Dinajpur (Rajshahi division = 60% production) | |
| Popular varieties: Himsagar, Langra, Fazli, Amrapali, BARI Aam-1 to BARI Aam-11 | |
| == MAJOR DISEASES == | |
| 1. Anthracnose (অ্যান্থ্রাকনোজ): | |
| Pathogen: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | |
| Most serious disease of mango | |
| Symptoms: Black lesions on flowers, fruits, leaves | |
| Pre-harvest fruit rot, post-harvest fruit decay | |
| Management: | |
| - Carbendazim 1g/L spray at flower emergence | |
| - 3-4 sprays during flowering | |
| - Hot water treatment of fruits after harvest (52°C for 5 min) | |
| 2. Powdery Mildew (পাউডারি মিলডিউ): | |
| Pathogen: Oidium mangiferae | |
| Symptoms: White powdery coating on flowers and young leaves | |
| Management: | |
| - Sulfur 80WP 2g/L spray | |
| - Wettable sulfur at first sign of disease | |
| 3. Die-back: | |
| Pathogen: Lasiodiplodia theobromae | |
| Symptoms: Shoots die back from tip, bark cracks | |
| Management: | |
| - Prune infected branches 15cm below affected area | |
| - Carbendazim paste on cut surface | |
| 4. Malformation (বিকৃতি): | |
| Cause: Fusarium mangiferae + mite | |
| Symptoms: Bunchy vegetative or floral malformation | |
| Management: | |
| - Pruning malformed parts | |
| - Naphthalene acetic acid spray | |
| == MANGO PESTS == | |
| Mango Hopper (আমের হপার): | |
| Most serious mango pest in Bangladesh | |
| Management: Imidacloprid or Cypermethrin spray at bud burst | |
| Fruit Fly (ফলের মাছি): | |
| Management: | |
| - Protein bait + malathion spray | |
| - Methyl eugenol pheromone traps | |
| - Bag fruits before maturity | |
| Stem Borer: Xylotrechus stem borer | |
| Management: Inject petrol or Dichlorvos into borer holes | |
| == সার সুপারিশ (আম, বয়স্ক গাছ) == | |
| গোবর সার: ৩০-৪০ কেজি/গাছ | |
| ইউরিয়া: ৩০০-৪০০ গ্রাম/গাছ | |
| টিএসপি: ৩৫০-৪৫০ গ্রাম/গাছ | |
| এমওপি: ৩৫০-৪৫০ গ্রাম/গাছ | |
| """ | |
| files["crops/fruits/banana_complete.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Banana Production and Disease Management Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: BARI, FAO, fao_banana_production_disease.pdf | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| কলা বাংলাদেশের সবচেয়ে বেশি উৎপাদিত ফল। | |
| == PRODUCTION == | |
| Annual production: 800,000+ metric tons | |
| Year-round production | |
| Major districts: Narail, Jessore, Natore, Bogra, Joypurhat | |
| Popular varieties: Sabri, Amrit Sagar, Champa, Mehersagar, Anajee | |
| == MAJOR DISEASES == | |
| 1. Panama Wilt / Fusarium Wilt (পানামা উইল্ট): | |
| Pathogen: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense | |
| MOST SERIOUS banana disease worldwide | |
| Symptoms: | |
| - Yellowing of lower leaves starting from margins | |
| - Leaves wilt and hang down | |
| - Internal brown discoloration in pseudostem | |
| - Entire plant dies | |
| No chemical cure. Management: | |
| - Use disease-free suckers or tissue culture plants | |
| - Crop rotation | |
| - Soil fumigation | |
| - Resistant varieties: BARI Kola-1, BARI Kola-2 | |
| 2. Black Sigatoka / Black Leaf Streak: | |
| Pathogen: Mycosphaerella fijiensis | |
| Symptoms: Dark brown-black streaks on leaves, premature leaf death | |
| Management: | |
| - Mancozeb 2.5g/L spray every 14 days | |
| - Remove infected leaves | |
| 3. Bunchy Top Virus (বানচি টপ ভাইরাস): | |
| Spread by banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa) | |
| Symptoms: Narrow, bunched leaves at top, yellow margins, stunted growth | |
| Management: | |
| - Remove and destroy infected plants | |
| - Control aphids with Imidacloprid | |
| - Use virus-free planting material | |
| == সার সুপারিশ (কলা) == | |
| গোবর সার: ১০-১৫ কেজি/গাছ | |
| ইউরিয়া: ২০০-২৫০ গ্রাম/গাছ | |
| টিএসপি: ১৫০-২০০ গ্রাম/গাছ | |
| এমওপি: ২৫০-৩০০ গ্রাম/গাছ (৩ কিস্তিতে দিন) | |
| """ | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| # PULSES | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| files["crops/pulses/pulses_complete.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Pulse Crops — Complete Guide for Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: BARI, FAO | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| বাংলাদেশে প্রধান ডাল ফসল: | |
| ১. মসুর ডাল (Lentil) | |
| ২. মুগ ডাল (Mung Bean) | |
| ৩. মাসকলাই (Black Gram) | |
| ৪. খেসারি (Grass Pea) | |
| ৫. ছোলা (Chickpea) | |
| ৬. ফেলন (Cowpea) | |
| == মসুর ডাল (LENTIL) == | |
| Season: Rabi (October-March) | |
| Major districts: Faridpur, Tangail, Pabna, Kushtia | |
| Popular varieties: BARI Masur-1 to BARI Masur-9 | |
| Major disease — Stemphylium Blight: | |
| Pathogen: Stemphylium botryosum | |
| Most serious lentil disease in Bangladesh | |
| Symptoms: Gray water-soaked lesions on stems, defoliation | |
| Management: | |
| - Rovral or Iprodione 2ml/L spray | |
| - Seed treatment with fungicide | |
| Rust: Orange pustules on leaves | |
| Management: Propiconazole spray | |
| সার সুপারিশ: | |
| ইউরিয়া: ৪০-৫০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| টিএসপি: ৮০-১০০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| এমওপি: ৫০-৬০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| == মুগ ডাল (MUNG BEAN) == | |
| Two crops: Pre-kharif (March-June) and Kharif-2 (July-October) | |
| Popular varieties: BARI Mung-5, BARI Mung-6, BARI Mung-8 | |
| Major disease — Cercospora Leaf Spot: | |
| Symptoms: Circular brown spots with yellow halo | |
| Management: Mancozeb spray | |
| Mung bean Yellow Mosaic Virus: | |
| Spread by whitefly | |
| Symptoms: Yellow mosaic on leaves, stunted plant | |
| Management: Control whitefly, use resistant varieties | |
| == ছোলা (CHICKPEA) == | |
| Season: Rabi | |
| Popular varieties: BARI Chola-5, BARI Chola-8, BARI Chola-9 | |
| Botrytis Gray Mold: Most serious disease | |
| Symptoms: Water-soaked lesions, gray mold | |
| Management: Iprodione spray, avoid dense planting | |
| """ | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| # OILSEEDS | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| files["crops/oilseeds/oilseeds_complete.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Oilseed Crops — Complete Guide Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: BARI, USDA GAIN | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| বাংলাদেশে প্রধান তেলবীজ ফসল: | |
| ১. সরিষা (Mustard) — সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ | |
| ২. তিল (Sesame) | |
| ৩. সূর্যমুখী (Sunflower) | |
| ৪. চিনাবাদাম (Groundnut) | |
| ৫. সয়াবিন (Soybean) | |
| == সরিষা (MUSTARD) — Most Important == | |
| Annual production: 650,000-700,000 metric tons | |
| Cultivated area: 320,000-350,000 hectares | |
| Season: Rabi (October-November to January-February) | |
| Major districts: Rajshahi, Faridpur, Jessore, Tangail | |
| Popular varieties: | |
| BARI Sarisha-14: High yield, early maturing | |
| BARI Sarisha-15: Heat tolerant | |
| BARI Sarisha-17: High erucic acid | |
| BINA sarisha-4, -9: Improved yield | |
| Major disease — Alternaria Blight (অলটারনারিয়া ব্লাইট): | |
| Most serious mustard disease in Bangladesh | |
| Pathogen: Alternaria brassicae, A. brassicicola | |
| Symptoms: | |
| - Circular brown lesions with concentric rings | |
| - Yellowing and defoliation | |
| - Premature seed pod ripening | |
| Management: | |
| - Iprodione 2ml/L spray at bud formation | |
| - 2-3 sprays at 10-day intervals | |
| - Use certified disease-free seeds | |
| Sclerotinia Stem Rot: | |
| Pathogen: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | |
| Symptoms: White cottony growth on stems, stem rots | |
| Management: Carbendazim spray, avoid dense planting | |
| White Rust: | |
| Pathogen: Albugo candida | |
| Symptoms: White pustules on leaves and stems | |
| Management: Metalaxyl+Mancozeb spray | |
| সার সুপারিশ (সরিষা): | |
| ইউরিয়া: ১৫০-১৮০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| টিএসপি: ৮০-১০০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| এমওপি: ৬০-৮০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| সালফার: ৩০-৪০ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| বোরন: ১-২ কেজি/হেক্টর | |
| == সূর্যমুখী (SUNFLOWER) == | |
| Varieties: BARI Surjamukhi-2, Hysun-33, DK-3849 | |
| Disease: Alternaria Blight, Sclerotinia — same management as mustard | |
| == চিনাবাদাম (GROUNDNUT) == | |
| Varieties: BARI Badam-5, BARI Badam-6, BARI Badam-8 | |
| Disease: Early and Late Leaf Spot | |
| Management: Mancozeb or Chlorothalonil spray | |
| """ | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| # SOIL MANAGEMENT | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| files["soil/soil_management_complete.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Soil Management for Bangladesh Agriculture | |
| SOURCE: SRDI, BARI, FAO | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| == BANGLADESH SOIL TYPES == | |
| Highland (উঁচু জমি): | |
| - Red-yellow podzolic soil: Madhupur Tract, Barind Tract | |
| - Sandy loam to clay loam | |
| - Low organic matter | |
| - Suitable: Vegetables, fruits, pulses | |
| Medium Highland: | |
| - Most of Bangladesh | |
| - Loam to clay loam | |
| - Moderately fertile | |
| - Suitable: Rice, vegetables, wheat | |
| Lowland/Floodplain (নিচু জমি): | |
| - Clay to heavy clay | |
| - High fertility | |
| - Subject to flooding | |
| - Suitable: Rice (aman, aus) | |
| Coastal Saline (উপকূলীয় লবণাক্ত): | |
| - High salinity (>4 dS/m) | |
| - Potential area: 3 million hectares | |
| - Suitable: Salt tolerant varieties | |
| == SOIL pH MANAGEMENT == | |
| Most crops prefer pH 5.5-6.5 | |
| Too acidic (below 5.5): | |
| - Apply agricultural lime: 2-4 ton/ha | |
| - Reduces aluminum toxicity | |
| - Improves phosphorus availability | |
| Too alkaline (above 7.0): | |
| - Apply gypsum: 500-1000 kg/ha | |
| - Use sulfur 50-100 kg/ha | |
| pH guide for major crops: | |
| Rice: 5.5-6.5 | |
| Wheat: 6.0-7.0 | |
| Potato: 5.0-6.0 (lower = less scab) | |
| Vegetables: 5.5-7.0 | |
| Mustard: 5.5-6.5 | |
| == SOIL HEALTH IMPROVEMENT == | |
| Organic Matter (জৈব পদার্থ): | |
| Bangladesh soils have very low organic matter (1-2%) | |
| Target: >2.5% organic matter | |
| Methods: | |
| - Apply compost: 5-10 ton/ha | |
| - Vermicompost: 2-3 ton/ha | |
| - Green manuring: Dhaincha (Sesbania) | |
| - Crop residue incorporation | |
| - Avoid burning crop residue | |
| Micronutrient Deficiencies Common in Bangladesh: | |
| Zinc deficiency (জিঙ্ক অভাব): | |
| - Most widespread micronutrient deficiency | |
| - Symptoms: Stunted growth, bronze leaf color in rice | |
| - Treatment: Zinc sulfate 10-15 kg/ha or ZnSO4 spray | |
| Boron deficiency: | |
| - Affects mustard, vegetables | |
| - Symptoms: Hollow stem, poor fruiting | |
| - Treatment: Borax 2-3 kg/ha | |
| Sulfur deficiency: | |
| - Affects mustard, onion, garlic | |
| - Treatment: Gypsum 40-60 kg/ha | |
| == মাটি পরীক্ষা সুপারিশ == | |
| প্রতি ৩-৪ বছর মাটি পরীক্ষা করুন | |
| নিকটস্থ মৃত্তিকা সম্পদ উন্নয়ন ইনস্টিটিউট (SRDI) কার্যালয়ে যোগাযোগ করুন | |
| """ | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| # FERTILIZER | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| files["fertilizer/fertilizer_complete_guide.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Complete Fertilizer Guide for Bangladesh Agriculture | |
| SOURCE: BARI, DAE, Krishi Diary 2024 | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| == FERTILIZER TYPES AND NUTRIENT CONTENT == | |
| Urea (ইউরিয়া): 46% N | |
| - Most common nitrogen fertilizer | |
| - Apply in splits (3 times for rice) | |
| - Do not apply before rain (leaching loss) | |
| TSP (ট্রিপল সুপার ফসফেট): 46% P2O5 | |
| - Phosphorus fertilizer | |
| - Apply before planting (basal) | |
| - Slow release, stays in soil | |
| MoP (মিউরেট অব পটাশ): 60% K2O | |
| - Potassium fertilizer | |
| - Important for grain filling and disease resistance | |
| Gypsum (জিপসাম): 18% S + 23% Ca | |
| - Sulfur and calcium source | |
| - Important for mustard, onion, garlic | |
| DAP (ডায়ামোনিয়াম ফসফেট): 18% N + 46% P2O5 | |
| - Combined N and P source | |
| == CROP-WISE FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATION == | |
| ধান (বোরো) / Rice (Boro) per hectare: | |
| Urea: 220-250 kg | TSP: 80-100 kg | MoP: 80-100 kg | |
| Gypsum: 60-80 kg | Zinc sulfate: 8-10 kg | |
| Application: Basal (TSP+MoP+Gypsum+Zinc at planting) | |
| Urea in 3 splits: 7-10 days after transplant, at tillering, at panicle initiation | |
| ধান (আমন) / Rice (Aman): | |
| Urea: 160-200 kg | TSP: 60-80 kg | MoP: 60-80 kg | |
| গম / Wheat: | |
| Urea: 200-220 kg | TSP: 100-120 kg | MoP: 80-100 kg | |
| Gypsum: 40-60 kg | |
| Apply urea in 2 splits | |
| আলু / Potato: | |
| Urea: 250-300 kg | TSP: 150-200 kg | MoP: 200-250 kg | |
| Cowdung: 10-15 ton | Gypsum: 80-100 kg | |
| সরিষা / Mustard: | |
| Urea: 150-180 kg | TSP: 80-100 kg | MoP: 60-80 kg | |
| Gypsum: 100-120 kg | Boron: 2 kg | |
| টমেটো / Tomato: | |
| Urea: 300-350 kg | TSP: 200-250 kg | MoP: 250-300 kg | |
| Cowdung: 15-20 ton | Calcium nitrate: 150 kg | |
| বেগুন / Eggplant: | |
| Urea: 250-300 kg | TSP: 150-200 kg | MoP: 200-250 kg | |
| Cowdung: 10-15 ton | |
| মরিচ / Chili: | |
| Urea: 200-250 kg | TSP: 125-150 kg | MoP: 150-200 kg | |
| পেঁয়াজ / Onion: | |
| Urea: 200-250 kg | TSP: 125-150 kg | MoP: 150-200 kg | |
| Gypsum: 60-80 kg | |
| মুগ ডাল / Mung Bean: | |
| Urea: 40-50 kg | TSP: 80-100 kg | MoP: 50-60 kg | |
| (Rhizobium inoculant reduces nitrogen need) | |
| == সার প্রয়োগের সাধারণ নিয়ম == | |
| - মূল সার (Basal): রোপণ/বপনের সময় দিন — TSP, MoP, গোবর সার, Gypsum | |
| - পার্শ্ব সার (Top dressing): বাড়ন্ত পর্যায়ে ইউরিয়া দিন | |
| - বৃষ্টির আগে সার দেবেন না (ধুয়ে যায়) | |
| - মাটি ভেজা অবস্থায় ইউরিয়া দিন | |
| - অতিরিক্ত ইউরিয়া দিলে রোগ বাড়ে, ফলন কমে | |
| == জৈব সারের গুরুত্ব == | |
| গোবর সার: ১০-১৫ টন/হেক্টর — মাটির জৈব পদার্থ বাড়ায় | |
| কম্পোস্ট: ৫-৮ টন/হেক্টর | |
| ভার্মিকম্পোস্ট: ২-৩ টন/হেক্টর | |
| সবুজ সার: ধৈঞ্চা (Sesbania) — ৬০-৮০ কেজি নাইট্রোজেন যোগ করে | |
| """ | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| # IRRIGATION | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| files["irrigation/irrigation_complete.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Irrigation Management for Bangladesh Agriculture | |
| SOURCE: DAE, BRRI, FAO irrigation guide | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| == WATER REQUIREMENTS BY CROP == | |
| Rice (Boro — irrigated): | |
| Total water: 900-1200 mm per season | |
| Method: Continuous flooding OR alternate wetting and drying (AWD) | |
| AWD method: Let soil dry to 15-20cm water depth, then re-flood | |
| AWD saves 20-30% water without yield loss | |
| Rice (Aman): Mostly rain-fed, supplemental irrigation during dry spells | |
| Wheat: | |
| Total water: 350-450 mm | |
| Critical stages: CRI (seedling), tillering, booting, grain filling | |
| Number of irrigations: 2-3 times | |
| Potato: | |
| Critical stages: Tuber initiation, tuber development | |
| Irrigation interval: Every 10-14 days | |
| Avoid: Waterlogging (causes rot) | |
| Mustard: | |
| Critical stage: Flowering | |
| 1-2 irrigations usually sufficient | |
| Vegetables (general): | |
| Irrigate every 3-5 days in summer | |
| Drip irrigation saves 40-50% water | |
| == IRRIGATION METHODS == | |
| Flood Irrigation (বন্যা সেচ): | |
| Most common method | |
| Suitable: Rice, sugarcane | |
| Efficiency: 40-50% | |
| Furrow Irrigation (নালা সেচ): | |
| Suitable: Vegetables, potato, maize | |
| Efficiency: 50-60% | |
| Sprinkler Irrigation: | |
| Suitable: Wheat, vegetables, groundnut | |
| Efficiency: 70-80% | |
| Investment: Higher cost | |
| Drip Irrigation (ড্রিপ সেচ): | |
| Suitable: Vegetables, fruits, chili | |
| Efficiency: 85-95% | |
| Best for: Water-scarce areas | |
| Government subsidy available in Bangladesh | |
| == GROUNDWATER IRRIGATION == | |
| Bangladesh relies heavily on groundwater for boro rice | |
| Over-extraction causing falling water table in Barind Tract | |
| Solution: AWD for rice, shift to drought-tolerant crops in dry season | |
| == সেচের সংকেত == | |
| পাতা মোচড়ানো → পানির প্রয়োজন | |
| মাটি সকালে শুষ্ক → সেচ দিন বিকেলে | |
| ফুল আসার সময় → অবশ্যই সেচ দিন | |
| বৃষ্টির পূর্বাভাস → সেচ বন্ধ রাখুন | |
| """ | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| # LIVESTOCK | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| files["livestock/livestock_complete.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Livestock Management and Disease in Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: DLS (Department of Livestock Services), FAO | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| == CATTLE (গরু) == | |
| Major diseases: | |
| 1. Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD / ক্ষুরারোগ): | |
| Symptoms: Fever, blisters in mouth and hooves, lameness | |
| Very contagious | |
| Management: Vaccination twice yearly, isolation of infected animals | |
| 2. Hemorrhagic Septicemia (গলাফুলা): | |
| Symptoms: Sudden fever, swelling of throat, difficulty breathing, death within 24-48 hours | |
| Management: Annual vaccination (most important), Oxytetracycline antibiotic | |
| 3. Black Quarter (বাদলা): | |
| Symptoms: Sudden lameness, gas-filled swelling on thigh/shoulder | |
| Management: Annual vaccination, Penicillin antibiotic | |
| 4. Brucellosis: | |
| Symptoms: Abortion in late pregnancy, retained placenta | |
| Zoonotic — can spread to humans | |
| Management: Vaccination of calves, test and slaughter policy | |
| Cattle vaccination schedule: | |
| January-February: Foot and Mouth Disease | |
| March: Hemorrhagic Septicemia | |
| May: Black Quarter | |
| October: Repeat FMD | |
| == GOAT (ছাগল) == | |
| Most important livestock in Bangladesh (25 million goats) | |
| Black Bengal Goat — famous globally | |
| Major diseases: | |
| 1. PPR (Peste des Petits Ruminants) / ছাগলের মহামারী: | |
| Symptoms: High fever, nasal discharge, mouth ulcers, severe diarrhea, death | |
| Highly contagious, high mortality | |
| Management: Annual vaccination mandatory | |
| 2. Enterotoxemia (পাকস্থলীর বিষক্রিয়া): | |
| Symptoms: Sudden death, bloating | |
| Management: Annual vaccination | |
| Goat production: | |
| Feed: Grass, tree leaves, kitchen waste, concentrate feed | |
| Health check: Monthly deworming essential | |
| Common wormer: Albendazole 7.5mg/kg body weight | |
| == POULTRY (মুরগি) == | |
| Major diseases: | |
| 1. Newcastle Disease (রানীক্ষেত রোগ): | |
| Symptoms: Respiratory distress, nervous signs, green diarrhea, high mortality | |
| Most devastating poultry disease in Bangladesh | |
| Management: Regular vaccination (V4/La Sota strain) | |
| 2. Gumboro Disease (IBD): | |
| Symptoms: Sudden mortality in young chicks, prostration | |
| Management: Vaccination at 14 and 28 days | |
| 3. Avian Influenza (H5N1 — বার্ড ফ্লু): | |
| Zoonotic risk | |
| Symptoms: Very high mortality, respiratory distress, cyanosis | |
| Management: Report immediately to authorities, culling | |
| Poultry vaccination schedule: | |
| Day 1: Marek's disease (hatchery) | |
| Day 7-10: Gumboro 1st dose | |
| Day 14-18: Newcastle + IBD (eye drop) | |
| Day 21-24: Gumboro 2nd dose | |
| Day 28: Newcastle booster | |
| Week 6-8: Fowl pox | |
| == FISHERIES (মাছ চাষ) == | |
| Bangladesh is 3rd in world freshwater fish production | |
| Major fish diseases: | |
| 1. Bacterial disease (Aeromonas infection): | |
| Symptoms: Hemorrhagic spots, ulcers, fin rot | |
| Management: Salt treatment (2-3%), Oxytetracycline in feed | |
| 2. Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS / ঘা রোগ): | |
| Most serious disease of carp in Bangladesh | |
| Symptoms: Red ulcers on body, muscle decay | |
| Management: Lime application 200-250 kg/ha, Copper sulfate treatment | |
| Popular fish for farming: | |
| Rui, Katla, Mrigal (Carp) — most popular | |
| Tilapia — fast growing | |
| Pangasius — commercial | |
| Shrimp (bagda, galda) — export commodity | |
| Fish pond management: | |
| Lime application: 200-250 kg/ha before stocking | |
| Fertilizer: Urea 45kg + TSP 50kg per hectare per month | |
| Stocking density: 10,000-25,000 fingerlings/hectare (polyculture) | |
| """ | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| # CLIMATE AND AGRICULTURE | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| files["climate/climate_agriculture_complete.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Climate Change and Agriculture in Bangladesh — Complete Guide | |
| SOURCE: IUCN, FAO, foresight_bd_climate_2025.pdf, climate_centre_bd_2024.pdf | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| == CLIMATE THREATS TO BANGLADESH AGRICULTURE == | |
| 1. FLOODING (বন্যা): | |
| Types: | |
| - Flash flood (আকস্মিক বন্যা): Haor areas, destroys Boro | |
| - Monsoon flood: 20-30% of country annually | |
| - Riverine flood: Longer duration | |
| Crop impact: | |
| - 1 million hectares crop loss annually average | |
| - Boro rice in Haor: Complete loss if early flood (May) | |
| - Aman rice: Loss if flood duration >14 days | |
| Solutions: | |
| - Flash flood tolerant varieties: BRRI dhan89, BRRI dhan90 | |
| - Submergence tolerant: BRRI dhan49, BRRI dhan51 | |
| - Short duration aus varieties to avoid monsoon flood | |
| 2. DROUGHT (খরা): | |
| Affected areas: Barind Tract (Rajshahi, Chapainawabganj, Naogaon) | |
| Crop impact: Boro requires irrigation — groundwater depletion | |
| Solutions: | |
| - Drought tolerant varieties: BRRI dhan56, BRRI dhan66 | |
| - AWD (Alternate Wetting and Drying) irrigation | |
| - Rainwater harvesting | |
| 3. SALINITY (লবণাক্ততা): | |
| Affected area: 1.06 million hectares in coastal Bangladesh | |
| Districts: Satkhira, Khulna, Bagerhat, Barguna, Patuakhali | |
| Problem: Increasing due to sea level rise and reduced freshwater flow | |
| Solutions: | |
| - Salt tolerant varieties: BRRI dhan47, BRRI dhan61, BRRI dhan67, BRRI dhan73 | |
| - BINA dhan8, BINA dhan10 | |
| 4. TEMPERATURE RISE (তাপমাত্রা বৃদ্ধি): | |
| Effect on crops: | |
| - 1°C rise → 5-10% reduction in rice yield | |
| - High night temperature causes spikelet sterility in rice | |
| - Affects wheat ripening | |
| Solutions: | |
| - Heat tolerant varieties: BRRI dhan74, BRRI dhan84 | |
| - Adjust planting time to cooler periods | |
| 5. ERRATIC RAINFALL (অনিয়মিত বৃষ্টিপাত): | |
| - Delayed monsoon onset | |
| - Intense rainfall events | |
| - Longer dry spells | |
| Impact: Unpredictable pest and disease outbreaks | |
| == DISEASE-CLIMATE CONNECTIONS == | |
| High temperature + high humidity → Blast disease risk increases | |
| Flooding → Bacterial blight outbreak after flood | |
| Drought + heat → Increase in insect pest populations | |
| Cyclone + storm surge → Salinity intrusion, destroys crops | |
| == CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE PRACTICES == | |
| 1. Crop diversification — don't rely on single crop | |
| 2. Use of climate-resilient varieties | |
| 3. Conservation agriculture — minimum tillage | |
| 4. Integrated pest management (IPM) | |
| 5. Water harvesting and efficient irrigation | |
| 6. Agroforestry systems | |
| জলবায়ু পরিবর্তনে কৃষকের করণীয়: | |
| - আবহাওয়ার পূর্বাভাস দেখুন (Bangladesh Meteorological Department) | |
| - সহনশীল জাত ব্যবহার করুন | |
| - মৌসুমী পঞ্জিকা মেনে চলুন | |
| - কৃষি বীমা গ্রহণ করুন | |
| """ | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| # INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| files["pests/ipm_complete_guide.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Complete Guide Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: DAE, FAO, IRRI | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| == WHAT IS IPM? == | |
| IPM combines multiple pest management methods to: | |
| - Minimize pesticide use | |
| - Reduce cost | |
| - Protect environment and health | |
| - Maintain sustainable crop production | |
| IPM components (সমন্বিত বালাই ব্যবস্থাপনা): | |
| 1. Cultural control (সাংস্কৃতিক পদ্ধতি) | |
| 2. Biological control (জৈব পদ্ধতি) | |
| 3. Physical/mechanical control (যান্ত্রিক পদ্ধতি) | |
| 4. Chemical control (রাসায়নিক পদ্ধতি) — last resort | |
| == BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS == | |
| Beneficial insects that eat pests (উপকারী পোকা): | |
| - Spiders (মাকড়সা): Eat planthoppers, leafhoppers | |
| - Mirid bug (Cyrtorhinus): Eats planthopper eggs | |
| - Dragonfly (ফড়িং): Eats stem borer moths | |
| - Lady bird beetle (লেডিবার্ড): Eats aphids | |
| How to protect natural enemies: | |
| - Avoid broad-spectrum insecticides | |
| - Maintain field bunds with flowering plants | |
| - Use selective pesticides | |
| Biocontrol products: | |
| - Trichoderma: Soil application, controls root rot diseases | |
| - Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt): Spray for caterpillar pests | |
| - Beauveria bassiana: Controls stem borer | |
| - Neem (Azadirachtin): Natural pesticide, very safe | |
| == CULTURAL CONTROL METHODS == | |
| - Crop rotation: Break pest and disease cycle | |
| - Resistant varieties: Most cost-effective | |
| - Proper spacing: Reduces humidity, prevents disease spread | |
| - Balanced fertilization: Excess N increases pest attraction | |
| - Sanitation: Remove crop debris after harvest | |
| - Adjust planting date: Avoid peak pest periods | |
| == PHYSICAL/MECHANICAL CONTROL == | |
| Yellow sticky traps: Catches whitefly, aphids, thrips | |
| Blue sticky traps: Catches thrips specifically | |
| Pheromone traps: Species-specific catch for moths (stem borer, fruit borer) | |
| Light traps: Catches moths at night | |
| Hand picking: Remove egg masses, caterpillars | |
| == PESTICIDE SAFETY (নিরাপদ কীটনাশক ব্যবহার) == | |
| Always: | |
| - Read label before use | |
| - Wear protective gear (mask, gloves, glasses) | |
| - Spray early morning or late afternoon | |
| - Keep children away from spraying area | |
| - Wash hands and face after spraying | |
| Never: | |
| - Mix pesticides without recommendation | |
| - Spray near water bodies | |
| - Use expired pesticides | |
| - Use food containers for pesticides | |
| - Spray against wind direction | |
| Pre-harvest interval (PHI) — পূর্ব-মৌসুম নিষেধাজ্ঞা: | |
| Imidacloprid: 30 days before harvest | |
| Cypermethrin: 7 days | |
| Chlorpyrifos: 14 days | |
| Mancozeb: 7 days | |
| == COMMON PESTICIDES IN BANGLADESH == | |
| Insecticides: | |
| Imidacloprid: Sucking insects (aphids, whitefly, leafhopper) | |
| Chlorpyrifos: Broad spectrum (soil and foliar) | |
| Cypermethrin: Caterpillars, beetles | |
| Spinosad: Caterpillars (safe for bees) | |
| Emamectin benzoate: Very effective for caterpillars | |
| Fungicides: | |
| Mancozeb: Preventive, broad spectrum | |
| Carbendazim: Systemic, rice diseases | |
| Tebuconazole: Systemic, wheat, rice blast | |
| Propiconazole: Systemic, rice and wheat | |
| Iprodione: Botrytis, Alternaria | |
| Metalaxyl: Downy mildew, late blight | |
| Herbicides: | |
| 2,4-D amine: Broadleaf weeds in rice | |
| Butachlor: Grass weeds in transplanted rice | |
| Fenoxaprop: Grass weeds in wheat | |
| """ | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| # POST HARVEST | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| files["post_harvest/post_harvest_guide.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Post-Harvest Management and Storage Guide Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: DAE, BARI, FAO | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| == RICE POST-HARVEST == | |
| Harvesting: | |
| - Harvest when 85-90% grains are golden/straw colored | |
| - Do not delay — reduces grain quality and causes shattering | |
| - Use sickle or reaper machine | |
| Threshing: | |
| - Pedal thresher or power thresher | |
| - Reduces grain loss compared to hand threshing | |
| Drying: | |
| - Dry to moisture content of 12-14% for storage | |
| - Sun drying: 2-3 days on clean surface | |
| - Mechanical dryer: More uniform | |
| - Do NOT dry on road (contamination, breakage) | |
| Storage: | |
| - Clean storage bags (jute or polypropylene) | |
| - Apply malathion 5% dust on bags | |
| - Keep away from walls and floor (use pallet or wooden platform) | |
| - Hermetic storage bags (PICS bags): Keep moisture <14%, prevent insects without chemicals | |
| - Maximum storage period: 6-8 months | |
| Quality test: Bite a grain — if hard and not chewy, moisture is acceptable | |
| == POTATO STORAGE == | |
| Temperature: 3-5°C (cold storage) or cool shaded room | |
| Humidity: 85-90% | |
| Keep in darkness (light causes greening and solanine) | |
| Ventilation: Adequate air circulation | |
| Remove: Infected/damaged tubers before storage | |
| Storage loss (without cold storage): 20-30% | |
| == ONION STORAGE == | |
| Cure onions at 25-30°C for 2 weeks before storage | |
| Temperature: 1-5°C cold storage OR warm well-ventilated room | |
| Humidity: Low 60-70% | |
| Spread in single layer or use mesh bags | |
| Common loss: Bacterial soft rot, fusarium rot | |
| Prevent: Use cured, dry, disease-free bulbs | |
| == GRAIN STORAGE INSECTS == | |
| Common pests: | |
| Weevil (ধানের পোকা): Sitophilus oryzae — bores into grain | |
| Lesser grain borer: Destroys grain from inside | |
| Khapra beetle: Larvae destroy stored products | |
| Management: | |
| - Aluminum phosphide (ALP) tablets for large stores | |
| - Hermetic bags for small quantities | |
| - Pyrethroid spray on walls | |
| - Temperature <15°C kills most storage insects | |
| == POST-HARVEST LOSSES IN BANGLADESH == | |
| Total food loss: 20-30% of production | |
| Rice: 10-15% loss | |
| Vegetables: 25-40% loss (huge due to poor storage) | |
| Fruits: 20-40% loss | |
| Reducing vegetable losses: | |
| - Harvest early morning | |
| - Cool immediately after harvest | |
| - Use perforated plastic bags for transport | |
| - Evaporative cooling storage (bamboo/sand cooler) | |
| - Process excess into pickles, dried products | |
| """ | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| # ECONOMICS | |
| # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── | |
| files["economics/agricultural_economics.txt"] = """ | |
| TOPIC: Agricultural Economics and Market Information Bangladesh | |
| SOURCE: DAE, BBS, USDA GAIN | |
| LANGUAGE: English + Bengali | |
| == CROP PRODUCTION STATISTICS == | |
| Rice: | |
| Annual production: 37-38 million metric tons | |
| Area: 11.5-12 million hectares | |
| Bangladesh is self-sufficient in rice since 2000s | |
| Export: Small quantity of aromatic rice (BB Dhan100) | |
| Wheat: | |
| Production: 1.0-1.2 million metric tons | |
| Requirement: 6-7 million metric tons | |
| Deficit: Import 5-6 million metric tons annually (mainly from India, Russia) | |
| Vegetables: | |
| Annual production: 17-18 million metric tons | |
| Growing rapidly due to demand and urbanization | |
| Export: $100+ million annually (potato, chili, leafy vegetables to Middle East) | |
| Potato: | |
| Production: 10-11 million metric tons | |
| Surplus: Export to Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka | |
| == FERTILIZER PRICES (APPROXIMATE) == | |
| Urea: Tk 22/kg (subsidized government price) | |
| TSP: Tk 27/kg | |
| MoP: Tk 20/kg | |
| DAP: Tk 35-40/kg | |
| Government subsidy on fertilizer: Significant, to support farmers | |
| == CROP INSURANCE == | |
| Sadharan Bima Corporation offers crop insurance | |
| Coverage: Natural disasters, flood, drought | |
| Premium: 2-3% of crop value | |
| Claim: Requires documented loss | |
| == AGRICULTURAL CREDIT == | |
| Bangladesh Krishi Bank (BKB): Primary agricultural bank | |
| RAKUB: For Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions | |
| Commercial banks: Now required to give agricultural loans | |
| Interest rate: 4-9% for farmers (subsidized) | |
| Loan products: | |
| - Crop loan: Short term (6-12 months) | |
| - Equipment loan: Medium term | |
| - Fisheries/livestock loan | |
| == MARKET INFORMATION == | |
| Digital tools: | |
| - Krishibazar app: Real-time market prices | |
| - e-krishi: Extension service mobile app | |
| - 16123 hotline: Agricultural helpline DAE | |
| Major wholesale markets: | |
| Dhaka: Karwan Bazar (vegetables, fruits) | |
| Chittagong: Khatunganj (onion, garlic, pulses) | |
| Rajshahi: Saheb Bazar (mango, vegetables) | |
| Bogra: Mahiganj (potato market) | |
| == PROFITABLE CROPS FOR BANGLADESH FARMERS == | |
| High value crops: | |
| 1. Dragon fruit: Tk 150-300/kg | |
| 2. Strawberry: Tk 200-400/kg | |
| 3. Capsicum/Bell pepper: Tk 60-100/kg | |
| 4. Cherry tomato: Tk 80-120/kg | |
| 5. Mushroom: Tk 150-300/kg | |
| 6. Aromatic rice (BB Dhan100): Tk 60-80/kg | |
| Medium value: | |
| 1. Tomato: Tk 15-40/kg | |
| 2. Eggplant: Tk 15-30/kg | |
| 3. Potato: Tk 15-25/kg | |
| 4. Onion: Tk 25-50/kg | |
| 5. Garlic: Tk 80-150/kg | |
| """ | |
| # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ | |
| # WRITE ALL FILES | |
| # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════ | |
| total = 0 | |
| total_chars = 0 | |
| for filepath, content in files.items(): | |
| full_path = f"data/knowledge_base/{filepath}" | |
| os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(full_path), exist_ok=True) | |
| with open(full_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: | |
| f.write(content.strip()) | |
| size = len(content) | |
| total_chars += size | |
| total += 1 | |
| print(f"Created: {filepath} ({size:,} chars)") | |
| print(f"\n{'='*50}") | |
| print(f"Total files created: {total}") | |
| print(f"Total content: {total_chars:,} characters (~{total_chars//4:,} tokens)") | |
| print(f"\nNow run: python ingest.py to add to your database") |