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{
"schema_version": "1.0",
"level": "genus",
"genus": "Acinetobacter",
"overview": {
"short": "Acinetobacter species are Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-fermentative coccobacilli widely distributed in the environment.",
"clinical_context": "Clinically significant species, particularly Acinetobacter baumannii, are important causes of healthcare-associated infections."
},
"expected_fields": {
"Gram Stain": "Negative",
"Shape": "Coccobacilli",
"Motility": "Negative",
"Capsule": "Variable",
"Spore Formation": "Negative",
"Haemolysis": "Negative",
"Haemolysis Type": "None",
"Media Grown On": [
"Blood Agar",
"MacConkey Agar"
],
"Colony Morphology": [
"Smooth",
"Opaque",
"Grey-White"
],
"Oxygen Requirement": "Aerobic",
"Growth Temperature": "20//44",
"Catalase": "Positive",
"Oxidase": "Negative",
"Indole": "Negative",
"Urease": "Variable",
"Citrate": "Variable",
"Methyl Red": "Negative",
"VP": "Negative",
"H2S": "Negative",
"DNase": "Variable",
"ONPG": "Negative",
"Coagulase": "Negative",
"Gelatin Hydrolysis": "Variable",
"Esculin Hydrolysis": "Negative",
"Nitrate Reduction": "Negative",
"NaCl Tolerant (>=6%)": "Variable",
"Lipase Test": "Variable",
"Lysine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornithine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Ornitihine Decarboxylase": "Negative",
"Arginine dihydrolase": "Negative",
"Glucose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Lactose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Sucrose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Maltose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Mannitol Fermentation": "Variable",
"Sorbitol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Xylose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Rhamnose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Arabinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Raffinose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Trehalose Fermentation": "Negative",
"Inositol Fermentation": "Negative",
"Gas Production": "Negative",
"TSI Pattern": "K/K",
"Colony Pattern": "Unknown",
"Pigment": "None",
"Motility Type": "None"
},
"field_notes": {
"Motility": "Acinetobacter species are characteristically non-motile.",
"Oxidase": "Oxidase negativity is a key differentiator from many other non-fermenters.",
"Shape": "Often appear as plump coccobacilli on Gram stain."
},
"key_differentiators": [
{
"field": "Oxidase",
"expected": "Negative",
"distinguishes_from": ["Pseudomonas", "Burkholderia"],
"notes": "Oxidase negativity is critical in separating Acinetobacter from most non-fermenters."
},
{
"field": "Motility",
"expected": "Negative",
"distinguishes_from": ["Stenotrophomonas", "Alcaligenes"],
"notes": "Non-motility supports Acinetobacter."
},
{
"field": "Glucose Fermentation",
"expected": "Negative",
"distinguishes_from": ["Enterobacterales"],
"notes": "Non-fermentative metabolism excludes Enterobacterales."
}
],
"common_confusions": [
{
"genus": "Pseudomonas",
"reason": "Shared non-fermentative metabolism but differs by oxidase status."
},
{
"genus": "Stenotrophomonas",
"reason": "Overlapping non-fermentative profile with variable biochemical reactions."
}
],
"when_to_question_identification": [
"Oxidase positivity argues against Acinetobacter.",
"Motility suggests an alternative non-fermenter.",
"Anaerobic growth is inconsistent."
],
"recommended_next_tests": [
{
"test": "Oxidase test",
"reason": "Primary discriminator among non-fermenters."
},
{
"test": "MALDI-TOF MS",
"reason": "Reliable genus- and species-level identification."
},
{
"test": "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing",
"reason": "Clinically important due to frequent multidrug resistance."
}
],
"supported_species": [
"baumannii",
"calcoaceticus",
"lwoffii",
"johnsonii",
"pittii"
]
} |