Gradient Descent Setup

If you use z-normalization, you can generally use a larger learning rate than with unscaled features.

Cost Landscape (Gradient Descent)

The height represents the cost function J(theta). Lower points correspond to parameter values that better fit class labels.

Each trajectory point is one gradient-descent update: horizontal movement = parameter changes, vertical movement = cost-function change.

Surface clipping: none
Lowest point in shown region: --
Stability: normal

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Classifier at This Step