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DeepBoner Workflow - Magentic Architecture

Architecture Pattern: Microsoft Magentic Orchestration Design Philosophy: Simple, dynamic, manager-driven coordination Key Innovation: Intelligent manager replaces rigid sequential phases Last Updated: 2025-12-06

Current Agent Inventory

Agent	File	Status
Manager	`AdvancedOrchestrator`	✅ Implemented
Hypothesis Agent	`hypothesis_agent.py`	✅ Implemented
Search Agent	`search_agent.py`	✅ Implemented
Judge Agent	`judge_agent.py`	✅ Implemented
Report Agent	`report_agent.py`	✅ Implemented
Retrieval Agent	`retrieval_agent.py`	✅ Implemented (web search)
~~Analysis Agent~~	N/A	❌ Not implemented (no code execution)

Note: Some diagrams below show "AnalysisAgent" with code execution capabilities. This was planned but not implemented. Modal code execution was removed in PR #130.

1. High-Level Magentic Workflow

flowchart TD
    Start([User Query]) --> Manager[Magentic Manager<br/>Plan • Select • Assess • Adapt]

    Manager -->|Plans| Task1[Task Decomposition]
    Task1 --> Manager

    Manager -->|Selects & Executes| HypAgent[Hypothesis Agent]
    Manager -->|Selects & Executes| SearchAgent[Search Agent]
    Manager -->|Selects & Executes| AnalysisAgent[Analysis Agent]
    Manager -->|Selects & Executes| ReportAgent[Report Agent]

    HypAgent -->|Results| Manager
    SearchAgent -->|Results| Manager
    AnalysisAgent -->|Results| Manager
    ReportAgent -->|Results| Manager

    Manager -->|Assesses Quality| Decision{Good Enough?}
    Decision -->|No - Refine| Manager
    Decision -->|No - Different Agent| Manager
    Decision -->|No - Stalled| Replan[Reset Plan]
    Replan --> Manager

    Decision -->|Yes| Synthesis[Synthesize Final Result]
    Synthesis --> Output([Research Report])

    style Start fill:#e1f5e1
    style Manager fill:#ffe6e6
    style HypAgent fill:#fff4e6
    style SearchAgent fill:#fff4e6
    style AnalysisAgent fill:#fff4e6
    style ReportAgent fill:#fff4e6
    style Decision fill:#ffd6d6
    style Synthesis fill:#d4edda
    style Output fill:#e1f5e1

2. Magentic Manager: The 6-Phase Cycle

flowchart LR
    P1[1. Planning<br/>Analyze task<br/>Create strategy] --> P2[2. Agent Selection<br/>Pick best agent<br/>for subtask]
    P2 --> P3[3. Execution<br/>Run selected<br/>agent with tools]
    P3 --> P4[4. Assessment<br/>Evaluate quality<br/>Check progress]
    P4 --> Decision{Quality OK?<br/>Progress made?}
    Decision -->|Yes| P6[6. Synthesis<br/>Combine results<br/>Generate report]
    Decision -->|No| P5[5. Iteration<br/>Adjust plan<br/>Try again]
    P5 --> P2
    P6 --> Done([Complete])

    style P1 fill:#fff4e6
    style P2 fill:#ffe6e6
    style P3 fill:#e6f3ff
    style P4 fill:#ffd6d6
    style P5 fill:#fff3cd
    style P6 fill:#d4edda
    style Done fill:#e1f5e1

3. Simplified Agent Architecture

graph TB
    subgraph "Orchestration Layer"
        Manager[Magentic Manager<br/>• Plans workflow<br/>• Selects agents<br/>• Assesses quality<br/>• Adapts strategy]
        SharedContext[(Shared Context<br/>• Hypotheses<br/>• Search Results<br/>• Analysis<br/>• Progress)]
        Manager <--> SharedContext
    end

    subgraph "Specialist Agents"
        HypAgent[Hypothesis Agent<br/>• Domain understanding<br/>• Hypothesis generation<br/>• Testability refinement]
        SearchAgent[Search Agent<br/>• Multi-source search<br/>• RAG retrieval<br/>• Result ranking]
        AnalysisAgent[Analysis Agent<br/>• Evidence extraction<br/>• Statistical analysis<br/>• Code execution]
        ReportAgent[Report Agent<br/>• Report assembly<br/>• Visualization<br/>• Citation formatting]
    end

    subgraph "MCP Tools"
        WebSearch[Web Search<br/>PubMed • ClinicalTrials • Europe PMC]
        CodeExec[Code Execution<br/>Sandboxed Python]
        RAG[RAG Retrieval<br/>Vector DB • Embeddings]
        Viz[Visualization<br/>Charts • Graphs]
    end

    Manager -->|Selects & Directs| HypAgent
    Manager -->|Selects & Directs| SearchAgent
    Manager -->|Selects & Directs| AnalysisAgent
    Manager -->|Selects & Directs| ReportAgent

    HypAgent --> SharedContext
    SearchAgent --> SharedContext
    AnalysisAgent --> SharedContext
    ReportAgent --> SharedContext

    SearchAgent --> WebSearch
    SearchAgent --> RAG
    AnalysisAgent --> CodeExec
    ReportAgent --> CodeExec
    ReportAgent --> Viz

    style Manager fill:#ffe6e6
    style SharedContext fill:#ffe6f0
    style HypAgent fill:#fff4e6
    style SearchAgent fill:#fff4e6
    style AnalysisAgent fill:#fff4e6
    style ReportAgent fill:#fff4e6
    style WebSearch fill:#e6f3ff
    style CodeExec fill:#e6f3ff
    style RAG fill:#e6f3ff
    style Viz fill:#e6f3ff

4. Dynamic Workflow Example

sequenceDiagram
    participant User
    participant Manager
    participant HypAgent
    participant SearchAgent
    participant AnalysisAgent
    participant ReportAgent

    User->>Manager: "Research protein folding in Alzheimer's"

    Note over Manager: PLAN: Generate hypotheses → Search → Analyze → Report

    Manager->>HypAgent: Generate 3 hypotheses
    HypAgent-->>Manager: Returns 3 hypotheses
    Note over Manager: ASSESS: Good quality, proceed

    Manager->>SearchAgent: Search literature for hypothesis 1
    SearchAgent-->>Manager: Returns 15 papers
    Note over Manager: ASSESS: Good results, continue

    Manager->>SearchAgent: Search for hypothesis 2
    SearchAgent-->>Manager: Only 2 papers found
    Note over Manager: ASSESS: Insufficient, refine search

    Manager->>SearchAgent: Refined query for hypothesis 2
    SearchAgent-->>Manager: Returns 12 papers
    Note over Manager: ASSESS: Better, proceed

    Manager->>AnalysisAgent: Analyze evidence for all hypotheses
    AnalysisAgent-->>Manager: Returns analysis with code
    Note over Manager: ASSESS: Complete, generate report

    Manager->>ReportAgent: Create comprehensive report
    ReportAgent-->>Manager: Returns formatted report
    Note over Manager: SYNTHESIZE: Combine all results

    Manager->>User: Final Research Report

5. Manager Decision Logic

flowchart TD
    Start([Manager Receives Task]) --> Plan[Create Initial Plan]

    Plan --> Select[Select Agent for Next Subtask]
    Select --> Execute[Execute Agent]
    Execute --> Collect[Collect Results]

    Collect --> Assess[Assess Quality & Progress]

    Assess --> Q1{Quality Sufficient?}
    Q1 -->|No| Q2{Same Agent Can Fix?}
    Q2 -->|Yes| Feedback[Provide Specific Feedback]
    Feedback --> Execute
    Q2 -->|No| Different[Try Different Agent]
    Different --> Select

    Q1 -->|Yes| Q3{Task Complete?}
    Q3 -->|No| Q4{Making Progress?}
    Q4 -->|Yes| Select
    Q4 -->|No - Stalled| Replan[Reset Plan & Approach]
    Replan --> Plan

    Q3 -->|Yes| Synth[Synthesize Final Result]
    Synth --> Done([Return Report])

    style Start fill:#e1f5e1
    style Plan fill:#fff4e6
    style Select fill:#ffe6e6
    style Execute fill:#e6f3ff
    style Assess fill:#ffd6d6
    style Q1 fill:#ffe6e6
    style Q2 fill:#ffe6e6
    style Q3 fill:#ffe6e6
    style Q4 fill:#ffe6e6
    style Synth fill:#d4edda
    style Done fill:#e1f5e1

6. Hypothesis Agent Workflow

flowchart LR
    Input[Research Query] --> Domain[Identify Domain<br/>& Key Concepts]
    Domain --> Context[Retrieve Background<br/>Knowledge]
    Context --> Generate[Generate 3-5<br/>Initial Hypotheses]
    Generate --> Refine[Refine for<br/>Testability]
    Refine --> Rank[Rank by<br/>Quality Score]
    Rank --> Output[Return Top<br/>Hypotheses]

    Output --> Struct[Hypothesis Structure:<br/>• Statement<br/>• Rationale<br/>• Testability Score<br/>• Data Requirements<br/>• Expected Outcomes]

    style Input fill:#e1f5e1
    style Output fill:#fff4e6
    style Struct fill:#e6f3ff

7. Search Agent Workflow

flowchart TD
    Input[Hypotheses] --> Strategy[Formulate Search<br/>Strategy per Hypothesis]

    Strategy --> Multi[Multi-Source Search]

    Multi --> PubMed[PubMed Search<br/>via MCP]
    Multi --> Trials[ClinicalTrials Search<br/>via MCP]
    Multi --> EuropePMC[Europe PMC Search<br/>via MCP]

    PubMed --> Aggregate[Aggregate Results]
    Trials --> Aggregate
    EuropePMC --> Aggregate

    Aggregate --> Filter[Filter & Rank<br/>by Relevance]
    Filter --> Dedup[Deduplicate<br/>Cross-Reference]
    Dedup --> Embed[Embed Documents<br/>via MCP]
    Embed --> Vector[(Vector DB)]
    Vector --> RAGRetrieval[RAG Retrieval<br/>Top-K per Hypothesis]
    RAGRetrieval --> Output[Return Contextualized<br/>Search Results]

    style Input fill:#fff4e6
    style Multi fill:#ffe6e6
    style Vector fill:#ffe6f0
    style Output fill:#e6f3ff

8. Analysis Agent Workflow

flowchart TD
    Input1[Hypotheses] --> Extract
    Input2[Search Results] --> Extract[Extract Evidence<br/>per Hypothesis]

    Extract --> Methods[Determine Analysis<br/>Methods Needed]

    Methods --> Branch{Requires<br/>Computation?}
    Branch -->|Yes| GenCode[Generate Python<br/>Analysis Code]
    Branch -->|No| Qual[Qualitative<br/>Synthesis]

    GenCode --> Execute[Execute Code<br/>via MCP Sandbox]
    Execute --> Interpret1[Interpret<br/>Results]
    Qual --> Interpret2[Interpret<br/>Findings]

    Interpret1 --> Synthesize[Synthesize Evidence<br/>Across Sources]
    Interpret2 --> Synthesize

    Synthesize --> Verdict[Determine Verdict<br/>per Hypothesis]
    Verdict --> Support[• Supported<br/>• Refuted<br/>• Inconclusive]
    Support --> Gaps[Identify Knowledge<br/>Gaps & Limitations]
    Gaps --> Output[Return Analysis<br/>Report]

    style Input1 fill:#fff4e6
    style Input2 fill:#e6f3ff
    style Execute fill:#ffe6e6
    style Output fill:#e6ffe6

9. Report Agent Workflow

flowchart TD
    Input1[Query] --> Assemble
    Input2[Hypotheses] --> Assemble
    Input3[Search Results] --> Assemble
    Input4[Analysis] --> Assemble[Assemble Report<br/>Sections]

    Assemble --> Exec[Executive Summary]
    Assemble --> Intro[Introduction]
    Assemble --> Methods[Methods]
    Assemble --> Results[Results per<br/>Hypothesis]
    Assemble --> Discussion[Discussion]
    Assemble --> Future[Future Directions]
    Assemble --> Refs[References]

    Results --> VizCheck{Needs<br/>Visualization?}
    VizCheck -->|Yes| GenViz[Generate Viz Code]
    GenViz --> ExecViz[Execute via MCP<br/>Create Charts]
    ExecViz --> Combine
    VizCheck -->|No| Combine[Combine All<br/>Sections]

    Exec --> Combine
    Intro --> Combine
    Methods --> Combine
    Discussion --> Combine
    Future --> Combine
    Refs --> Combine

    Combine --> Format[Format Output]
    Format --> MD[Markdown]
    Format --> PDF[PDF]
    Format --> JSON[JSON]

    MD --> Output[Return Final<br/>Report]
    PDF --> Output
    JSON --> Output

    style Input1 fill:#e1f5e1
    style Input2 fill:#fff4e6
    style Input3 fill:#e6f3ff
    style Input4 fill:#e6ffe6
    style Output fill:#d4edda

10. Data Flow & Event Streaming

flowchart TD
    User[👤 User] -->|Research Query| UI[Gradio UI]
    UI -->|Submit| Manager[Magentic Manager]

    Manager -->|Event: Planning| UI
    Manager -->|Select Agent| HypAgent[Hypothesis Agent]
    HypAgent -->|Event: Delta/Message| UI
    HypAgent -->|Hypotheses| Context[(Shared Context)]

    Context -->|Retrieved by| Manager
    Manager -->|Select Agent| SearchAgent[Search Agent]
    SearchAgent -->|MCP Request| WebSearch[Web Search Tool]
    WebSearch -->|Results| SearchAgent
    SearchAgent -->|Event: Delta/Message| UI
    SearchAgent -->|Documents| Context
    SearchAgent -->|Embeddings| VectorDB[(Vector DB)]

    Context -->|Retrieved by| Manager
    Manager -->|Select Agent| AnalysisAgent[Analysis Agent]
    AnalysisAgent -->|MCP Request| CodeExec[Code Execution Tool]
    CodeExec -->|Results| AnalysisAgent
    AnalysisAgent -->|Event: Delta/Message| UI
    AnalysisAgent -->|Analysis| Context

    Context -->|Retrieved by| Manager
    Manager -->|Select Agent| ReportAgent[Report Agent]
    ReportAgent -->|MCP Request| CodeExec
    ReportAgent -->|Event: Delta/Message| UI
    ReportAgent -->|Report| Context

    Manager -->|Event: Final Result| UI
    UI -->|Display| User

    style User fill:#e1f5e1
    style UI fill:#e6f3ff
    style Manager fill:#ffe6e6
    style Context fill:#ffe6f0
    style VectorDB fill:#ffe6f0
    style WebSearch fill:#f0f0f0
    style CodeExec fill:#f0f0f0

11. Tool Architecture

graph TB
    subgraph "Agent Layer"
        Manager[Magentic Manager]
        HypAgent[Hypothesis Agent]
        SearchAgent[Search Agent]
        JudgeAgent[Judge Agent]
        ReportAgent[Report Agent]
    end

    subgraph "Tool Layer (Direct Calls)"
        Tools[AI Functions<br/>@ai_function decorated<br/>• search_pubmed<br/>• search_clinical_trials<br/>• search_preprints<br/>• search_web<br/>• get_bibliography]
    end

    subgraph "Tool Wrappers"
        PubMedTool[PubMedTool]
        TrialsTool[ClinicalTrialsTool]
        EuropePMCTool[EuropePMCTool]
        WebSearchTool[WebSearchTool]
    end

    subgraph "External APIs"
        PubMed[PubMed E-utilities]
        Trials[ClinicalTrials.gov API]
        EuropePMC[Europe PMC API]
        DDG[DuckDuckGo]
    end

    SearchAgent -->|Calls| Tools
    Tools --> PubMedTool
    Tools --> TrialsTool
    Tools --> EuropePMCTool
    Tools --> WebSearchTool

    PubMedTool --> PubMed
    TrialsTool --> Trials
    EuropePMCTool --> EuropePMC
    WebSearchTool --> DDG

    style Manager fill:#ffe6e6
    style Tools fill:#fff4e6
    style PubMedTool fill:#e6f3ff
    style TrialsTool fill:#e6f3ff
    style EuropePMCTool fill:#e6f3ff
    style WebSearchTool fill:#e6f3ff

Note: MCP support is provided via Gradio's built-in mcp_server=True option in src/app.py. This exposes the Gradio interface as an MCP server for Claude Desktop integration.

12. Progress Tracking & Stall Detection

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Initialization: User Query

    Initialization --> Planning: Manager starts

    Planning --> AgentExecution: Select agent

    AgentExecution --> Assessment: Collect results

    Assessment --> QualityCheck: Evaluate output

    QualityCheck --> AgentExecution: Poor quality<br/>(retry < max_rounds)
    QualityCheck --> Planning: Poor quality<br/>(try different agent)
    QualityCheck --> NextAgent: Good quality<br/>(task incomplete)
    QualityCheck --> Synthesis: Good quality<br/>(task complete)

    NextAgent --> AgentExecution: Select next agent

    state StallDetection <<choice>>
    Assessment --> StallDetection: Check progress
    StallDetection --> Planning: No progress<br/>(stall count < max)
    StallDetection --> ErrorRecovery: No progress<br/>(max stalls reached)

    ErrorRecovery --> PartialReport: Generate partial results
    PartialReport --> [*]

    Synthesis --> FinalReport: Combine all outputs
    FinalReport --> [*]

    note right of QualityCheck
        Manager assesses:
        • Output completeness
        • Quality metrics
        • Progress made
    end note

    note right of StallDetection
        Stall = no new progress
        after agent execution
        Triggers plan reset
    end note

13. Gradio UI Integration

graph TD
    App[Gradio App<br/>DeepBoner Research Agent]

    App --> Input[Input Section]
    App --> Status[Status Section]
    App --> Output[Output Section]

    Input --> Query[Research Question<br/>Text Area]
    Input --> Controls[Controls]
    Controls --> MaxHyp[Max Hypotheses: 1-10]
    Controls --> MaxRounds[Max Rounds: 5-20]
    Controls --> Submit[Start Research Button]

    Status --> Log[Real-time Event Log<br/>• Manager planning<br/>• Agent selection<br/>• Execution updates<br/>• Quality assessment]
    Status --> Progress[Progress Tracker<br/>• Current agent<br/>• Round count<br/>• Stall count]

    Output --> Tabs[Tabbed Results]
    Tabs --> Tab1[Hypotheses Tab<br/>Generated hypotheses with scores]
    Tabs --> Tab2[Search Results Tab<br/>Papers & sources found]
    Tabs --> Tab3[Analysis Tab<br/>Evidence & verdicts]
    Tabs --> Tab4[Report Tab<br/>Final research report]
    Tab4 --> Download[Download Report<br/>MD / PDF / JSON]

    Submit -.->|Triggers| Workflow[Magentic Workflow]
    Workflow -.->|MagenticOrchestratorMessageEvent| Log
    Workflow -.->|AgentRunUpdateEvent| Log
    Workflow -.->|ExecutorCompletedEvent| Log
    Workflow -.->|WorkflowOutputEvent| Tab4

    style App fill:#e1f5e1
    style Input fill:#fff4e6
    style Status fill:#e6f3ff
    style Output fill:#e6ffe6
    style Workflow fill:#ffe6e6

14. Complete System Context

graph LR
    User[👤 Researcher<br/>Asks research questions] -->|Submits query| DC[DeepBoner<br/>Magentic Workflow]

    DC -->|Literature search| PubMed[PubMed API<br/>Medical papers]
    DC -->|Clinical trials| Trials[ClinicalTrials.gov<br/>Trial data]
    DC -->|Preprints| EuropePMC[Europe PMC API<br/>Preprints & papers]
    DC -->|Web search| DDG[DuckDuckGo<br/>General web]
    DC -->|Agent reasoning| LLM[LLM Backend<br/>OpenAI or HuggingFace]
    DC -->|Embeddings| Embed[SentenceTransformers<br/>Local embeddings]

    DC -->|Deployed on| HF[HuggingFace Spaces<br/>Gradio 5.x]

    PubMed -->|Results| DC
    Trials -->|Results| DC
    EuropePMC -->|Results| DC
    DDG -->|Results| DC
    LLM -->|Responses| DC
    Embed -->|Vectors| DC

    DC -->|Research report| User

    style User fill:#e1f5e1
    style DC fill:#ffe6e6
    style PubMed fill:#e6f3ff
    style Trials fill:#e6f3ff
    style EuropePMC fill:#e6f3ff
    style DDG fill:#e6f3ff
    style LLM fill:#ffd6d6
    style Embed fill:#ffe6f0
    style HF fill:#d4edda

15. Workflow Timeline (Simplified)

gantt
    title DeepBoner Magentic Workflow - Typical Execution
    dateFormat mm:ss
    axisFormat %M:%S

    section Manager Planning
    Initial planning         :p1, 00:00, 10s

    section Hypothesis Agent
    Generate hypotheses      :h1, after p1, 30s
    Manager assessment       :h2, after h1, 5s

    section Search Agent
    Search hypothesis 1      :s1, after h2, 20s
    Search hypothesis 2      :s2, after s1, 20s
    Search hypothesis 3      :s3, after s2, 20s
    RAG processing          :s4, after s3, 15s
    Manager assessment      :s5, after s4, 5s

    section Analysis Agent
    Evidence extraction     :a1, after s5, 15s
    Code generation        :a2, after a1, 20s
    Code execution         :a3, after a2, 25s
    Synthesis              :a4, after a3, 20s
    Manager assessment     :a5, after a4, 5s

    section Report Agent
    Report assembly        :r1, after a5, 30s
    Visualization          :r2, after r1, 15s
    Formatting             :r3, after r2, 10s

    section Manager Synthesis
    Final synthesis        :f1, after r3, 10s

Key Differences from Original Design

Aspect	Original (Judge-in-Loop)	New (Magentic)
Control Flow	Fixed sequential phases	Dynamic agent selection
Quality Control	Separate Judge Agent	Manager assessment built-in
Retry Logic	Phase-level with feedback	Agent-level with adaptation
Flexibility	Rigid 4-phase pipeline	Adaptive workflow
Complexity	5 agents (including Judge)	4 agents (no Judge)
Progress Tracking	Manual state management	Built-in round/stall detection
Agent Coordination	Sequential handoff	Manager-driven dynamic selection
Error Recovery	Retry same phase	Try different agent or replan

Simplified Design Principles

Manager is Intelligent: LLM-powered manager handles planning, selection, and quality assessment
No Separate Judge: Manager's assessment phase replaces dedicated Judge Agent
Dynamic Workflow: Agents can be called multiple times in any order based on need
Built-in Safety: max_round_count (15) and max_stall_count (3) prevent infinite loops
Event-Driven UI: Real-time streaming updates to Gradio interface
MCP-Powered Tools: All external capabilities via Model Context Protocol
Shared Context: Centralized state accessible to all agents
Progress Awareness: Manager tracks what's been done and what's needed

Legend

🔴 Red/Pink: Manager, orchestration, decision-making
🟡 Yellow/Orange: Specialist agents, processing
🔵 Blue: Data, tools, MCP services
🟣 Purple/Pink: Storage, databases, state
🟢 Green: User interactions, final outputs
⚪ Gray: External services, APIs

Implementation Highlights

Actual Agent Factory Pattern (from magentic_agents.py):

# Create agents via factory functions
search_agent = create_search_agent(chat_client, domain, api_key)
judge_agent = create_judge_agent(chat_client, domain, api_key)
hypothesis_agent = create_hypothesis_agent(chat_client, domain, api_key)
report_agent = create_report_agent(chat_client, domain, api_key)

# Each agent is a ChatAgent with specific tools:
# - SearchAgent: search_pubmed, search_clinical_trials, search_preprints
# - JudgeAgent: None (LLM-only evaluation)
# - HypothesisAgent: None (LLM-only generation)
# - ReportAgent: get_bibliography

Current Agent Capabilities:

SearchAgent: Multi-source search (PubMed, ClinicalTrials, Europe PMC)
JudgeAgent: Evaluates evidence quality, determines sufficiency
HypothesisAgent: Generates research hypotheses
ReportAgent: Generates final research report with bibliography
RetrievalAgent: Web search via DuckDuckGo (⚠️ NOT wired in - see issue #134)

Manager (AdvancedOrchestrator) coordinates agent execution and workflow.

Document Version: 2.2 (Audited for accuracy) Last Updated: 2025-12-06 Architecture: Microsoft Magentic Orchestration Pattern Active Agents: 4 (Search, Judge, Hypothesis, Report) + Manager Implemented but Not Wired: RetrievalAgent (see issue #134) Planned but Not Implemented: AnalysisAgent (code execution removed in PR #130) License: MIT