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| { | |
| "_meta": { | |
| "title": "Refuge — Global Country Reference Data", | |
| "description": "Complete reference for all 149 states parties to the 1951 Refugee Convention and/or its 1967 Protocol, plus key non-signatory countries with alternative pathways. Global scope — serves displaced people from any origin, going to any destination. This is the authoritative data layer for Refuge's country recommendation system.", | |
| "schema_version": "3.0.0", | |
| "last_curated": "2026-06-06", | |
| "total_signatories_documented": 146, | |
| "total_non_signatories_documented": 23, | |
| "sources": [ | |
| "UNHCR Refugee Statistics API — https://api.unhcr.org/population/v1/", | |
| "UNHCR 1951 Convention page — https://www.unhcr.org/about-unhcr/overview/1951-refugee-convention", | |
| "UNHCR States Parties list — https://www.unhcr.org/media/states-parties-1951-convention-and-its-1967-protocol", | |
| "Asylum Information Database (AIDA) — aida.ecre.org", | |
| "DWRAP — World Bank/UNHCR Joint Data Center", | |
| "Country asylum authority websites (per entry)", | |
| "Norwegian Refugee Council country guides" | |
| ], | |
| "tier_system": { | |
| "1": "Major active asylum system — high volume, full procedures and contacts (step-by-step registration, required docs, legal aid orgs)", | |
| "2": "Active asylum system — moderate volume or significant for specific origin groups, detailed entry", | |
| "3": "Functioning system but low volume, primarily transit or origin country — summary entry with strategic note", | |
| "4": "Signatory in name only — micro-state, collapsed state, or system non-functional — minimal entry, warn if dangerous" | |
| }, | |
| "non_signatory_tiers": { | |
| "non_signatory_viable_temporary": "Not a signatory but has real alternative pathways (UAE: Humanitarian Permit, Green Residency). Viable waiting country while pursuing formal asylum elsewhere.", | |
| "non_signatory_skilled_only": "Not a signatory. Viable only for highly skilled with formal employment. No protection framework.", | |
| "non_signatory_resettlement_pipeline": "Not a signatory. UNHCR present and active. Primary value is third-country resettlement, not local integration.", | |
| "non_signatory_not_recommended": "Not a signatory and actively hostile, dangerous, or collapsed. Do not recommend as destination." | |
| }, | |
| "convention_intro": "The 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol define who is a refugee and outline the legal protection, rights and assistance they are entitled to receive. The cornerstone principle is non-refoulement: a refugee must not be returned to a country where they face serious threats to their life or freedom. To date, 149 States are parties to the Convention and/or its Protocol. Even states that have not acceded are bound by non-refoulement as a norm of customary international law.", | |
| "stats_enrichment": "All fields marked PENDING are enriched from the UNHCR Refugee Statistics API via data/scripts/enrich_countries.py after running unhcr_downloader.py --all", | |
| "enrichment_mapping": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "asylum-decisions.json → dec_recognized / dec_total for most recent year", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "asylum-decisions.json → (dec_recognized + dec_other) / dec_total", | |
| "applications_last_year": "asylum-applications.json → applied field for most recent year", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "population.json → refugees field, most recent year", | |
| "data_year": "most recent year available in asylum-decisions.json for this country" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "signatories": { | |
| "KEN": { | |
| "name": "Kenya", | |
| "iso3": "KEN", | |
| "flag": "🇰🇪", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "East Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "East and Horn of Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1966, | |
| "notes": "Encampment policy (Dadaab, Kakuma, Kalobeyei). 2021 Refugee Act improved rights on paper." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Department of Refugee Services (DRS)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Nairobi", | |
| "procedure": "individual_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "restricted — encampment; urban tolerated", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "Refugee Consortium of Kenya (RCK)", | |
| "url": "https://rckkenya.org" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Kenya", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/kenya" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "Kituo cha Sheria", | |
| "url": "https://kituochasheria.or.ke" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Register at UNHCR or DRS", | |
| "Biometric registration + asylum seeker cert", | |
| "Individual RSD interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "Refugee ID if recognised" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any identity document", | |
| "Written persecution account", | |
| "Supporting evidence" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Swahili", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "secondary": [ | |
| "Somali", | |
| "Oromo", | |
| "Arabic" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Somalia", | |
| "South Sudan", | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Ethiopia", | |
| "Burundi" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate", | |
| "safety": "generally safe — insecurity near borders", | |
| "economic_access": "improving under 2021 Act" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "UGA": { | |
| "name": "Uganda", | |
| "iso3": "UGA", | |
| "flag": "🇺🇬", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "East Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "East and Horn of Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1976, | |
| "notes": "Africa's most progressive framework. Self-reliance model. No mandatory encampment." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Office of the Prime Minister (OPM)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Kampala", | |
| "procedure": "individual_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 3, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Uganda", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/uganda" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "InterAid Uganda", | |
| "url": "https://interaiduganda.org" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Register at Reception Centre", | |
| "OPM biometric + UNHCR registration", | |
| "RSD interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "Settlement or urban registration" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any available documents", | |
| "Persecution statement", | |
| "Photos" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Swahili", | |
| "Luganda" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "South Sudan", | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Somalia", | |
| "Burundi", | |
| "Rwanda" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good — world's most generous refugee policy", | |
| "safety": "generally safe", | |
| "economic_access": "strong — work and land from arrival" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ETH": { | |
| "name": "Ethiopia", | |
| "iso3": "ETH", | |
| "flag": "🇪🇹", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "East Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "East and Horn of Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1969, | |
| "notes": "2019 Refugee Proclamation expanded rights. Internal displacement (Tigray, Oromia)." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ethiopia Refugees and Returnees Service (ERRS)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Addis Ababa", | |
| "procedure": "individual_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "improving", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Ethiopia", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/ethiopia" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Register at ERRS or border", | |
| "Biometric registration", | |
| "RSD interview", | |
| "Decision + refugee ID" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any identity document", | |
| "Persecution statement", | |
| "Supporting evidence" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Amharic", | |
| "Oromo", | |
| "Tigrinya", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "South Sudan", | |
| "Somalia", | |
| "Eritrea", | |
| "Sudan", | |
| "DRC" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate", | |
| "safety": "variable — Addis safe; borders/Tigray/Oromia conflict", | |
| "economic_access": "improving under 2019 proclamation" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "TZA": { | |
| "name": "Tanzania", | |
| "iso3": "TZA", | |
| "flag": "🇹🇿", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "East Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "East and Horn of Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1964, | |
| "notes": "Increasingly restrictive since 2017. Strict encampment enforced." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Home Affairs", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Dar es Salaam", | |
| "procedure": "individual_rsd", | |
| "work_right": false, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "restricted — strict encampment (Nyarugusu, Nduta, Mtendeli)", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 60, | |
| "typical": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Tanzania", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/tanzania" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Present at camp reception", | |
| "UNHCR registration + biometrics", | |
| "RSD interview", | |
| "Decision" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any available documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Swahili", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Burundi", | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Rwanda" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "poor — strict encampment limits all rights", | |
| "safety": "safe", | |
| "economic_access": "very limited" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ZAF": { | |
| "name": "South Africa", | |
| "iso3": "ZAF", | |
| "flag": "🇿🇦", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1996, | |
| "notes": "Urban-based, no camps. DHA severely backlogged. Xenophobic violence documented." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Department of Home Affairs (DHA)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Pretoria", | |
| "procedure": "individual_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 120, | |
| "typical": 48, | |
| "note": "severe backlog" | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "Lawyers for Human Rights (LHR)", | |
| "url": "https://www.lhr.org.za" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "Scalabrini Centre", | |
| "url": "https://www.scalabrini.org.za" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at Refugee Reception Office", | |
| "Section 22 asylum permit", | |
| "RSD interview (long wait)", | |
| "Section 24 refugee status", | |
| "RAB appeal if rejected" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any origin identity doc", | |
| "Persecution statement", | |
| "Evidence" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Zulu", | |
| "Xhosa", | |
| "Afrikaans" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Zimbabwe", | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Somalia", | |
| "Ethiopia", | |
| "Mozambique" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good legally, hard practically — xenophobia + backlog", | |
| "safety": "moderate — high crime, periodic xenophobic violence", | |
| "economic_access": "full rights while permit valid" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ZMB": { | |
| "name": "Zambia", | |
| "iso3": "ZMB", | |
| "flag": "🇿🇲", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1969 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Commission for Refugees (CORS)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Lusaka", | |
| "procedure": "individual_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "settlement requirement; urban tolerated", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Zambia", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/zambia" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at CORS or border", | |
| "UNHCR/CORS registration", | |
| "RSD interview", | |
| "Settlement or urban permit" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Identity docs if available", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Bemba", | |
| "Nyanja" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Angola", | |
| "Zimbabwe", | |
| "Rwanda", | |
| "Somalia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate", | |
| "safety": "safe", | |
| "economic_access": "improving" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "RWA": { | |
| "name": "Rwanda", | |
| "iso3": "RWA", | |
| "flag": "🇷🇼", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "East Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "East and Horn of Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1980 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Directorate General of Immigration (DGIE)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Kigali", | |
| "procedure": "individual_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "relatively free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 3, | |
| "max": 18, | |
| "typical": 9 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Rwanda", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/rwanda" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at DGIE or UNHCR Kigali", | |
| "Biometric registration", | |
| "RSD interview", | |
| "Decision" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any available documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Kinyarwanda", | |
| "French", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Burundi", | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Somalia", | |
| "Ethiopia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate", | |
| "safety": "safe", | |
| "economic_access": "improving" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "EGY": { | |
| "name": "Egypt", | |
| "iso3": "EGY", | |
| "flag": "🇪🇬", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "North Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "North Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1981, | |
| "notes": "UNHCR conducts RSD (delegated). MOU basis. No formal work right. Severe post-2023 backlog." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "UNHCR Egypt (government-delegated RSD)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Cairo", | |
| "procedure": "unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": false, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "relatively free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 60, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Egypt", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/egypt" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "Caritas Egypt", | |
| "url": "https://www.caritasegypt.org" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Register at UNHCR Cairo", | |
| "Asylum seeker cert issued", | |
| "UNHCR RSD interview", | |
| "Yellow card (mandate refugee) if recognised" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any identity documents", | |
| "Persecution statement", | |
| "Photos" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic" | |
| ], | |
| "secondary": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Tigrinya", | |
| "Somali" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Sudan", | |
| "South Sudan", | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Ethiopia", | |
| "Eritrea", | |
| "Somalia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "limited — no citizenship; informal work", | |
| "safety": "generally safe; periodic migration crackdowns", | |
| "economic_access": "informal economy primary avenue" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "MAR": { | |
| "name": "Morocco", | |
| "iso3": "MAR", | |
| "flag": "🇲🇦", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "North Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "North Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": false, | |
| "year": 1956, | |
| "notes": "Government took over RSD from UNHCR in 2013 via BRA. Transit country for those heading to Europe." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Bureau des Réfugiés et Apatrides (BRA)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Rabat", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "relatively free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Morocco", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/morocco" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "GADEM", | |
| "url": "https://www.gadem-asso.org" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at BRA Rabat or UNHCR", | |
| "Preliminary registration", | |
| "BRA interview", | |
| "Refugee card (3yr renewable)" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any identity docs", | |
| "Persecution statement in French or Arabic" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "French", | |
| "Tamazight" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Sub-Saharan Africa", | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Cameroon" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate", | |
| "safety": "generally safe", | |
| "economic_access": "limited for asylum seekers; improving for recognised" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "IRN": { | |
| "name": "Iran", | |
| "iso3": "IRN", | |
| "flag": "🇮🇷", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Middle East", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Middle East and North Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1976, | |
| "notes": "Hosts 3M+ Afghans. Prima facie for Afghans. No citizenship. Periodic deportation." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Bureau for Aliens and Foreign Immigrants Affairs (BAFIA)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Tehran", | |
| "procedure": "prima_facie_plus_individual", | |
| "work_right": "limited — specific sectors", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "restricted — designated areas", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Iran", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/iran" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Register with BAFIA or UNHCR", | |
| "Amayesh card issued", | |
| "RSD if not prima facie" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any documents", | |
| "Registration form" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Farsi/Persian", | |
| "Dari", | |
| "Kurdish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Iraq" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "very limited — no citizenship, periodic crackdowns", | |
| "safety": "mixed — discrimination and deportation risk", | |
| "economic_access": "limited — specific sectors" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "TUR": { | |
| "name": "Turkey", | |
| "iso3": "TUR", | |
| "flag": "🇹🇷", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Middle East / Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1962, | |
| "notes": "Geographic limitation retained — only European-origin refugees get full refugee status. Non-Europeans get conditional/subsidiary protection. Hosts ~3.5M Syrians. Deportations increasing." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Directorate General of Migration Management (DGMM)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Ankara", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd_conditional", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "satellite city assignment", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Turkey", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/turkey" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "SGDD-ASAM", | |
| "url": "https://sgdd.org.tr/en" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at Provincial Directorate of Migration", | |
| "Foreigner ID card issued", | |
| "Interview", | |
| "Conditional refugee or subsidiary protection" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Passport or any ID", | |
| "Registration form", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Turkish", | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "Kurdish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Iraq", | |
| "Iran", | |
| "Somalia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "limited — no citizenship; satellite city system", | |
| "safety": "generally safe but increasing deportation risk", | |
| "economic_access": "formal work permit available but difficult for many" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "DEU": { | |
| "name": "Germany", | |
| "iso3": "DEU", | |
| "flag": "🇩🇪", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Western Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1953 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Berlin", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 3 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "restricted early (Wohnsitzauflage)", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 3, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 9 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "Pro Asyl", | |
| "url": "https://www.proasyl.de" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Germany", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/germany" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Register at AnkER centre", | |
| "BÜMA issued", | |
| "BAMF interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "Administrative court appeal" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any identity documents", | |
| "Asylum form", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "German" | |
| ], | |
| "secondary": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "Tigrinya" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Eritrea", | |
| "Somalia", | |
| "Nigeria", | |
| "Ethiopia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good — structured integration, language courses, clear residency path", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "full rights after 3 months" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "FRA": { | |
| "name": "France", | |
| "iso3": "FRA", | |
| "flag": "🇫🇷", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Western Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1954, | |
| "notes": "Particularly relevant for Francophone African and Middle Eastern applicants." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "OFPRA", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Paris", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 6 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "France terre d'asile", | |
| "url": "https://www.france-terre-asile.org" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "La Cimade", | |
| "url": "https://www.lacimade.org" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Préfecture appointment → ADA allowance", | |
| "OFPRA application within 21 days", | |
| "OFPRA interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "CNDA appeal" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any identity documents", | |
| "Persecution narrative", | |
| "Supporting evidence" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French" | |
| ], | |
| "secondary": [ | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "Wolof", | |
| "Bambara", | |
| "Lingala" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Guinea", | |
| "Côte d'Ivoire", | |
| "Mali", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Sudan" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good for French speakers", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 6 months" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "GBR": { | |
| "name": "United Kingdom", | |
| "iso3": "GBR", | |
| "flag": "🇬🇧", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Western Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1954, | |
| "notes": "Post-Brexit. Hostile policy since 2022 Illegal Migration Act. Severe backlog. No work right during wait." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "UKVI — Home Office", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "London", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": false, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free within UK", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 60, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "reduced", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "Refugee Council", | |
| "url": "https://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "Asylum Aid", | |
| "url": "https://asylumaid.org.uk" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Claim at port or Home Office", | |
| "Screening interview", | |
| "Substantive interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "First Tier Tribunal" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any identity documents", | |
| "SEF form", | |
| "Supporting docs" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Iran", | |
| "Eritrea", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Sudan", | |
| "Syria" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate — 5yr limited leave, then ILR", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "no work during wait" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "SWE": { | |
| "name": "Sweden", | |
| "iso3": "SWE", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇪", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Northern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1954 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Stockholm", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 30, | |
| "typical": 15 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "Migrationsverket", | |
| "url": "https://www.migrationsverket.se" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at migration agency or border", | |
| "Housing + allowance", | |
| "Investigation interview", | |
| "Decision" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Identity documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Swedish" | |
| ], | |
| "secondary": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "Somali" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Eritrea", | |
| "Somalia", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Ethiopia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good — SFI language program", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work rights during process" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "NOR": { | |
| "name": "Norway", | |
| "iso3": "NOR", | |
| "flag": "🇳🇴", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Northern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1953 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Oslo", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 6 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "Norwegian Refugee Council", | |
| "url": "https://www.nrc.no" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "UDI", | |
| "url": "https://www.udi.no/en" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at NPIS", | |
| "Registration + interview", | |
| "UDI decision", | |
| "UNE appeal" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any available documents", | |
| "Asylum application form" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Norwegian" | |
| ], | |
| "secondary": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "Somali" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Eritrea", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Ethiopia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 6 months" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "NLD": { | |
| "name": "Netherlands", | |
| "iso3": "NLD", | |
| "flag": "🇳🇱", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Western Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1951 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "IND", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "The Hague", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 6 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "restricted initially (AZC)", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "VluchtelingenWerk Nederland", | |
| "url": "https://www.vluchtelingenwerk.nl" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Register at COA", | |
| "AC procedure", | |
| "IND decision", | |
| "Court appeal" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Dutch", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Eritrea", | |
| "Yemen", | |
| "Turkey", | |
| "Afghanistan" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 6 months" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "BEL": { | |
| "name": "Belgium", | |
| "iso3": "BEL", | |
| "flag": "🇧🇪", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Western Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1953 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Commissioner General for Refugees (CGRS)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Brussels", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 4 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 4, | |
| "max": 18, | |
| "typical": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "CGRS", | |
| "url": "https://www.cgrs.be" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Register at Immigration Office", | |
| "CGRS interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "CALL appeal" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French", | |
| "Dutch", | |
| "German" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Iraq", | |
| "Guinea", | |
| "DRC" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 4 months" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "CHE": { | |
| "name": "Switzerland", | |
| "iso3": "CHE", | |
| "flag": "🇨🇭", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Central Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1955, | |
| "notes": "Home of UNHCR global HQ." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "State Secretariat for Migration (SEM)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Geneva (global HQ)", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 3 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "cantonal assignment initially", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 3, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "SFH (Swiss Refugee Council)", | |
| "url": "https://www.fluechtlingshilfe.ch" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at federal asylum centre", | |
| "SEM interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "Federal Administrative Court appeal" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "German", | |
| "French", | |
| "Italian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Eritrea", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Turkey", | |
| "Ethiopia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work quickly; high cost of living" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "AUT": { | |
| "name": "Austria", | |
| "iso3": "AUT", | |
| "flag": "🇦🇹", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Central Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1954 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum (BFA)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Vienna", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 3 months (very limited sectors)", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "Grundversorgung — cantonal assignment", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 3, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Austria", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/austria" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Register at police", | |
| "BFA interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "BVwG court appeal" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "German" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Iraq", | |
| "Nigeria", | |
| "Somalia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "limited during process" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ITA": { | |
| "name": "Italy", | |
| "iso3": "ITA", | |
| "flag": "🇮🇹", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Southern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1954, | |
| "notes": "Major EU entry point. Restrictive since 2022." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Territorial Commissions for International Protection", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Rome", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 60 days", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Italy", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/italy" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "ASGI", | |
| "url": "https://www.asgi.it" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Declare intent at port/police", | |
| "Questura registration", | |
| "Commission interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "Civil court appeal" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Italian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Nigeria", | |
| "Pakistan", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Bangladesh", | |
| "Tunisia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate", | |
| "safety": "safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 60 days" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ESP": { | |
| "name": "Spain", | |
| "iso3": "ESP", | |
| "flag": "🇪🇸", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Southern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1978 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Office of Asylum and Refuge (OAR)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Madrid", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 6 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "CEAR", | |
| "url": "https://www.cear.es" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Spain", | |
| "url": "https://www.acnur.org" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at National Police or port", | |
| "OAR interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "Court appeal" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Colombia", | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Honduras", | |
| "Mali", | |
| "Senegal" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 6 months" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "PRT": { | |
| "name": "Portugal", | |
| "iso3": "PRT", | |
| "flag": "🇵🇹", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Southern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1960, | |
| "notes": "Important destination for Lusophone Africans. More welcoming than many EU neighbours." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "AIMA (Agency for Integration, Migration and Asylum) — from 2024", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Lisbon", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 3 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "CPR (Portuguese Refugee Council)", | |
| "url": "https://www.cpr.pt" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Portugal", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/portugal" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at border or AIMA office", | |
| "Registration and interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "Administrative court appeal" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any documents", | |
| "Persecution statement in Portuguese" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Portuguese" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Ukraine", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Angola", | |
| "Guinea-Bissau", | |
| "Syria" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good — language bridge for Lusophone Africans especially", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 3 months" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "GRC": { | |
| "name": "Greece", | |
| "iso3": "GRC", | |
| "flag": "🇬🇷", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Southern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1960, | |
| "notes": "Major EU entry point. Pushbacks documented. Reception conditions criticised." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Asylum Service", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Athens", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 6 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "restricted initially", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "Greek Council for Refugees", | |
| "url": "https://www.gcr.gr" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Greece", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/greece" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Registration", | |
| "Asylum interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "Appeals Authority" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Greek" | |
| ], | |
| "secondary": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "Farsi" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Pakistan", | |
| "Iraq", | |
| "Somalia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "difficult — limited support", | |
| "safety": "safe but poor reception conditions", | |
| "economic_access": "very limited in practice" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "POL": { | |
| "name": "Poland", | |
| "iso3": "POL", | |
| "flag": "🇵🇱", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Central Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1991, | |
| "notes": "Massive Ukrainian intake since 2022. Hostile toward non-European applicants. Belarus border pushbacks documented." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Office for Foreigners", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Warsaw", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 6 months (non-Ukrainian)", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights", | |
| "url": "https://www.hfhr.pl" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Poland", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/poland" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at border or Office for Foreigners", | |
| "Interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "Administrative court appeal" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Polish" | |
| ], | |
| "secondary": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Ukrainian", | |
| "Russian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Ukraine", | |
| "Chechnya/Russia", | |
| "Afghanistan" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good for Ukrainians; hostile for others", | |
| "safety": "safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 6 months" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "CAN": { | |
| "name": "Canada", | |
| "iso3": "CAN", | |
| "flag": "🇨🇦", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "North America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1969, | |
| "notes": "One of world's strongest systems. High acceptance rates. Inland claims + resettlement + private sponsorship." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Ottawa", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 21 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "CCR (Canadian Council for Refugees)", | |
| "url": "https://ccrweb.ca" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "Refugee Law Office", | |
| "url": "https://refugeelaw.ca" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "File inland claim at port or IRCC", | |
| "Eligibility determination", | |
| "IRB RPD hearing", | |
| "Protected Person status", | |
| "PR application within 180 days" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Travel/identity document", | |
| "Basis of Claim (BOC) form", | |
| "Supporting evidence" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "French" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Eritrea", | |
| "Ethiopia", | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Somalia", | |
| "Nigeria", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Colombia", | |
| "Venezuela" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "excellent — clear PR and citizenship path", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "full work rights; strong support services" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "USA": { | |
| "name": "United States", | |
| "iso3": "USA", | |
| "flag": "🇺🇸", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "North America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1968, | |
| "notes": "Protocol only. Implements via Refugee Act 1980. Two tracks: Resettlement and Asylum. 2M+ case backlog. Policies shift with administrations." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "USCIS (affirmative) + EOIR Immigration Courts (defensive)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Washington DC", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd_dual", | |
| "work_right": "after 180 days", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 84, | |
| "typical": 36 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "no right to government-funded counsel", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "IRC (International Rescue Committee)", | |
| "url": "https://www.rescue.org" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "Human Rights First", | |
| "url": "https://www.humanrightsfirst.org" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "File I-589 within 1 year of entry", | |
| "USCIS interview (affirmative) or Immigration Court (defensive)", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "BIA appeal then federal court" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "I-589 form", | |
| "Identity documents if available", | |
| "Country condition evidence" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "El Salvador", | |
| "Guatemala", | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "China", | |
| "India", | |
| "Colombia", | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Ethiopia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good once status secured", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 180 days" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "MEX": { | |
| "name": "Mexico", | |
| "iso3": "MEX", | |
| "flag": "🇲🇽", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "North America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 2000, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena. Major transit and destination. African, Central American, Venezuelan, Cuban, Haitian applicants." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Mexican Commission for Refugee Assistance (COMAR)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Mexico City", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 3, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Mexico", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/mexico" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "Sin Fronteras IAP", | |
| "url": "https://www.sinfronteras.org.mx" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at COMAR within 30 days", | |
| "Interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "Interior Ministry appeal" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any identity documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Honduras", | |
| "El Salvador", | |
| "Guatemala", | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Cuba", | |
| "Haiti", | |
| "Africa (mixed)" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate", | |
| "safety": "variable by region", | |
| "economic_access": "work rights from application" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "BRA": { | |
| "name": "Brazil", | |
| "iso3": "BRA", | |
| "flag": "🇧🇷", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "South America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1960, | |
| "notes": "1997 Refugee Act one of most progressive globally. Cartagena." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "National Committee for Refugees (CONARE)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Brasília", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Brazil", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/brazil" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "Caritas Brasileira", | |
| "url": "https://caritas.org.br" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at Federal Police", | |
| "CONARE case review", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "Ministry of Justice appeal" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any identity documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Portuguese" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Angola", | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Haiti", | |
| "Colombia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good — language barrier main challenge", | |
| "safety": "generally safe — high crime some cities", | |
| "economic_access": "work rights from application" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ARG": { | |
| "name": "Argentina", | |
| "iso3": "ARG", | |
| "flag": "🇦🇷", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "South America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1961, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "National Commission for Refugees (CONARE)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Buenos Aires", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 30, | |
| "typical": 15 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Argentina", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/argentina" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at CONARE", | |
| "Interview", | |
| "Decision" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any identity documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Colombia", | |
| "Senegal", | |
| "Cuba" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good", | |
| "safety": "generally safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work rights from application" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "COL": { | |
| "name": "Colombia", | |
| "iso3": "COL", | |
| "flag": "🇨🇴", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "South America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1961, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena. World's largest Venezuelan host under TPS. Also major origin country." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs — Refugee Status Committee", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Bogotá", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Colombia", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/colombia" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at Ministry of Foreign Affairs", | |
| "Interview", | |
| "Decision" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Identity documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Ecuador", | |
| "Haiti" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good for Venezuelans (TPS)", | |
| "safety": "variable — conflict in rural areas", | |
| "economic_access": "work rights for recognised" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "AUS": { | |
| "name": "Australia", | |
| "iso3": "AUS", | |
| "flag": "🇦🇺", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Oceania", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Asia and Pacific", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1954, | |
| "notes": "Strong resettlement program. Harsh offshore processing for boat arrivals." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Department of Home Affairs (DHA)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Canberra", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "yes for most bridging visa holders", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "restricted for some bridging visas", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 60, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "RACS", | |
| "url": "https://www.racs.org.au" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "ASRC", | |
| "url": "https://www.asrc.org.au" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Lodge Protection Visa (subclass 866)", | |
| "Health and character checks", | |
| "DHA interview", | |
| "Decision" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Identity documents", | |
| "Protection claim statement", | |
| "Health checks" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Iran", | |
| "Sri Lanka", | |
| "Myanmar", | |
| "Somalia", | |
| "South Sudan" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "excellent once recognised", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "strong once status confirmed" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "NZL": { | |
| "name": "New Zealand", | |
| "iso3": "NZL", | |
| "flag": "🇳🇿", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "Oceania", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Asia and Pacific", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1960 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Immigration NZ — Refugee Status Branch", | |
| "unhcr_present": false, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Canberra covers NZ", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 6 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "RILC", | |
| "url": "https://www.rilc.org.nz" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at INZ", | |
| "Refugee status interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "IPRT appeal" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any identity documents", | |
| "Persecution statement" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Māori" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Myanmar", | |
| "Iran", | |
| "Pacific nations" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "excellent", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "strong" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "JPN": { | |
| "name": "Japan", | |
| "iso3": "JPN", | |
| "flag": "🇯🇵", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "East Asia", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Asia and Pacific", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1981, | |
| "notes": "Historically near-0% recognition. 2023 reform introduced faster processing. Still one of hardest systems globally." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Justice — Immigration Services Agency", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Tokyo", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "relatively free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 60, | |
| "typical": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "JAR (Japan Association for Refugees)", | |
| "url": "https://www.refugee.or.jp/en" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Japan", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/japan" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at regional immigration bureau", | |
| "Interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "Refugee Examination Counselors review", | |
| "Administrative litigation" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any identity documents", | |
| "Persecution statement (translation required)" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Japanese" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Myanmar", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Ethiopia", | |
| "Nepal", | |
| "Sri Lanka" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "very difficult — language barrier, cultural homogeneity", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "limited during process" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "KOR": { | |
| "name": "South Korea", | |
| "iso3": "KOR", | |
| "flag": "🇰🇷", | |
| "tier": 1, | |
| "region": "East Asia", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Asia and Pacific", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1992, | |
| "notes": "First Asian standalone Refugee Act (2013). Low recognition rates." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Justice — Korea Immigration Service", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Seoul", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 6 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "relatively free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "KRAN", | |
| "url": "https://kran.or.kr" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Korea", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/republic-of-korea" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "steps": [ | |
| "Apply at immigration office within 1 year", | |
| "Initial interview", | |
| "Detailed investigation interview", | |
| "Decision", | |
| "Administrative court" | |
| ], | |
| "docs_required": [ | |
| "Any documents", | |
| "Persecution statement (Korean translation required)" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Korean" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "China", | |
| "Kazakhstan", | |
| "Egypt", | |
| "Pakistan", | |
| "Myanmar" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "difficult — language and cultural barriers", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "limited during process" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "DZA": { | |
| "name": "Algeria", | |
| "iso3": "DZA", | |
| "flag": "🇩🇿", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "North Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "North Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1963, | |
| "notes": "Hosts Sahrawi refugees (Tindouf — 100,000+). Government resists UNHCR oversight." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Interior (informal)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Algiers", | |
| "procedure": "unhcr_rsd_de_facto", | |
| "work_right": false, | |
| "education_right": "limited", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 60, | |
| "typical": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": false, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Algeria", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/algeria" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "Tamazight", | |
| "French" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Sahrawi", | |
| "Mali", | |
| "Niger", | |
| "Syria" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "very limited", | |
| "safety": "generally safe in cities; insecurity in south", | |
| "economic_access": "informal only" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ISR": { | |
| "name": "Israel", | |
| "iso3": "ISR", | |
| "flag": "🇮🇱", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Middle East", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Middle East and North Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1954, | |
| "notes": "Very low recognition rates. Holot detention. Active conflict in region from 2023." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Population and Immigration Authority (PIBA)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Tel Aviv", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "restricted for some", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 24, | |
| "max": 120, | |
| "typical": 60 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "Hotline for Refugees and Migrants", | |
| "url": "https://hotline.org.il/en" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Hebrew", | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Eritrea", | |
| "Sudan", | |
| "South Sudan" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "very poor — hostile for non-Jewish asylum seekers", | |
| "safety": "complex — active conflict from 2023", | |
| "economic_access": "minimal formal rights" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "TUN": { | |
| "name": "Tunisia", | |
| "iso3": "TUN", | |
| "flag": "🇹🇳", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "North Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "North Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1957, | |
| "notes": "UNHCR conducts RSD. Hostile toward sub-Saharan Africans from 2023." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "UNHCR Tunisia (delegated)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Tunis", | |
| "procedure": "unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": false, | |
| "education_right": "limited", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Tunisia", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/tunisia" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "Caritas Tunis", | |
| "url": "https://www.caritastunis.org" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "French" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Sub-Saharan Africa", | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Libya" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "poor — hostile political environment from 2023", | |
| "safety": "moderate risk for sub-Saharan Africans — documented discrimination", | |
| "economic_access": "very limited" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "PER": { | |
| "name": "Peru", | |
| "iso3": "PER", | |
| "flag": "🇵🇪", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "South America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1964, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena. Major Venezuelan host." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Special Commission for Refugees (CEPR)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Lima", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Peru", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/peru" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Colombia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate", | |
| "safety": "generally safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work rights" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ECU": { | |
| "name": "Ecuador", | |
| "iso3": "ECU", | |
| "flag": "🇪🇨", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "South America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1955, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena. Historically one of world's most open systems." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Quito", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 3, | |
| "max": 18, | |
| "typical": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Ecuador", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/ecuador" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Colombia", | |
| "Venezuela" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good", | |
| "safety": "generally safe but rising insecurity", | |
| "economic_access": "work rights" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "CHL": { | |
| "name": "Chile", | |
| "iso3": "CHL", | |
| "flag": "🇨🇱", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "South America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1972, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "National Refugee Commission (CONARE)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Santiago", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Chile", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/chile" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Colombia", | |
| "Peru", | |
| "Haiti" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good", | |
| "safety": "safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work rights" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "URY": { | |
| "name": "Uruguay", | |
| "iso3": "URY", | |
| "flag": "🇺🇾", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "South America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1970, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena. Small but progressive." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Refugee Commission (CORE)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Montevideo", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Uruguay", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/uruguay" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Cuba", | |
| "Colombia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work rights" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "CRI": { | |
| "name": "Costa Rica", | |
| "iso3": "CRI", | |
| "flag": "🇨🇷", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Central America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1978, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena. UNHCR regional hub." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "DGME", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "San José", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 30, | |
| "typical": 15 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Costa Rica", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/costa-rica" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Nicaragua", | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Colombia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good", | |
| "safety": "safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work rights" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "PAN": { | |
| "name": "Panama", | |
| "iso3": "PAN", | |
| "flag": "🇵🇦", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Central America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1978, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena. Darien Gap crossing point." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "ONPAR", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Panama City", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "movement": "free", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Panama", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/panama" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Colombia", | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Cuba", | |
| "Darien transit" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate", | |
| "safety": "generally safe — Darien dangerous", | |
| "economic_access": "work rights" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "NGA": { | |
| "name": "Nigeria", | |
| "iso3": "NGA", | |
| "flag": "🇳🇬", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1968 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "NCFRMI", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Abuja", | |
| "procedure": "individual_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Nigeria", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/nigeria" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Hausa", | |
| "Yoruba", | |
| "Igbo" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Cameroon", | |
| "Niger", | |
| "Chad", | |
| "CAR" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "limited", | |
| "safety": "variable — northeast and northwest active conflict", | |
| "economic_access": "limited" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "GHA": { | |
| "name": "Ghana", | |
| "iso3": "GHA", | |
| "flag": "🇬🇭", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1963 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ghana Refugee Board", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Accra", | |
| "procedure": "individual_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Ghana", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/ghana" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Twi", | |
| "Ewe", | |
| "Ga" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Togo", | |
| "Côte d'Ivoire", | |
| "Mali", | |
| "Liberia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate", | |
| "safety": "generally safe", | |
| "economic_access": "moderate" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "SEN": { | |
| "name": "Senegal", | |
| "iso3": "SEN", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇳", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1967 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "National Eligibility Commission (CNE)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Dakar", | |
| "procedure": "individual_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Senegal", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/senegal" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French", | |
| "Wolof" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Mauritania", | |
| "Guinea-Bissau", | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Gambia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate", | |
| "safety": "safe — stable democracy", | |
| "economic_access": "moderate" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "CMR": { | |
| "name": "Cameroon", | |
| "iso3": "CMR", | |
| "flag": "🇨🇲", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Central Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1961, | |
| "notes": "Anglophone crisis = dual role as origin and host." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "NRSPCC", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Yaoundé", | |
| "procedure": "individual_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Cameroon", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/cameroon" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Nigeria", | |
| "CAR", | |
| "Chad" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "limited", | |
| "safety": "variable — Anglophone regions active conflict", | |
| "economic_access": "very limited" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "TCD": { | |
| "name": "Chad", | |
| "iso3": "TCD", | |
| "flag": "🇹🇩", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Central Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1981, | |
| "notes": "Major refugee host — Sudan (massive 2023 influx), CAR, Nigeria. One of world's poorest countries." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "National Commission for Receiving Refugees (CNAR)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "N'Djamena", | |
| "procedure": "prima_facie_plus_individual", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Chad", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/chad" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French", | |
| "Arabic" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Sudan", | |
| "CAR", | |
| "Nigeria", | |
| "Cameroon" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "very limited — one of world's poorest", | |
| "safety": "variable — north unstable", | |
| "economic_access": "extremely limited" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "COD": { | |
| "name": "DR Congo", | |
| "iso3": "COD", | |
| "flag": "🇨🇩", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Central Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1965, | |
| "notes": "Major origin AND host. 6M+ IDPs. Eastern DRC active conflict." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "National Commission for Refugees (CNR)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Kinshasa", | |
| "procedure": "prima_facie_plus_individual", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR DRC", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/democratic-republic-congo" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French", | |
| "Lingala", | |
| "Swahili", | |
| "Kikongo" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Rwanda", | |
| "Burundi", | |
| "CAR", | |
| "South Sudan", | |
| "Angola" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "very limited — major instability", | |
| "safety": "extremely variable — eastern DRC active conflict", | |
| "economic_access": "very limited" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ZWE": { | |
| "name": "Zimbabwe", | |
| "iso3": "ZWE", | |
| "flag": "🇿🇼", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1981 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Department of Social Services", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Harare", | |
| "procedure": "individual_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Zimbabwe", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/zimbabwe" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Shona", | |
| "Ndebele" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Mozambique", | |
| "Rwanda", | |
| "Burundi" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "limited — own economic crisis", | |
| "safety": "generally safe", | |
| "economic_access": "very limited" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "MOZ": { | |
| "name": "Mozambique", | |
| "iso3": "MOZ", | |
| "flag": "🇲🇿", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1983, | |
| "notes": "Hosts DRC, Rwanda refugees. Cabo Delgado insurgency adds complexity." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "INAR", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Maputo", | |
| "procedure": "individual_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Mozambique", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/mozambique" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Portuguese" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Rwanda", | |
| "Burundi", | |
| "Malawi" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "limited", | |
| "safety": "variable — Cabo Delgado insurgency", | |
| "economic_access": "limited" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "AGO": { | |
| "name": "Angola", | |
| "iso3": "AGO", | |
| "flag": "🇦🇴", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "oau_1969": true, | |
| "year": 1981, | |
| "notes": "Post-civil war (2002). Oil economy." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "INAR", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Luanda", | |
| "procedure": "individual_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Angola", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/angola" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Portuguese" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Mozambique" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "limited", | |
| "safety": "generally safe", | |
| "economic_access": "limited for foreigners" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "CZE": { | |
| "name": "Czech Republic", | |
| "iso3": "CZE", | |
| "flag": "🇨🇿", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Central Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1993 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Interior", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Prague", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 6 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "OPU", | |
| "url": "https://www.opu.cz/en" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Czech" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Ukraine", | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Belarus" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate", | |
| "safety": "safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 6 months" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "HUN": { | |
| "name": "Hungary", | |
| "iso3": "HUN", | |
| "flag": "🇭🇺", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Central Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1989, | |
| "notes": "EU member but famously hostile. Illegal pushbacks. Must apply via Hungarian embassy. Lowest acceptance rates in EU." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing (NDGAP)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Budapest", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 3, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "Hungarian Helsinki Committee", | |
| "url": "https://www.helsinki.hu/en" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Hungarian" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "very difficult — hostile government policy", | |
| "safety": "safe", | |
| "economic_access": "extremely limited" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ROU": { | |
| "name": "Romania", | |
| "iso3": "ROU", | |
| "flag": "🇷🇴", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Eastern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1991 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "General Inspectorate for Immigration (IGI)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Bucharest", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 3 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 3, | |
| "max": 18, | |
| "typical": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "CNRR", | |
| "url": "https://www.cnrr.ro" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Romanian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Iraq", | |
| "Ukraine" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate", | |
| "safety": "safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 3 months" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "BGR": { | |
| "name": "Bulgaria", | |
| "iso3": "BGR", | |
| "flag": "🇧🇬", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Eastern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1993, | |
| "notes": "EU border country. Pushbacks at Turkish border documented." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "State Agency for Refugees (SAR)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Sofia", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 3 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 3, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Bulgaria", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/bulgaria" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Bulgarian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Iraq" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "difficult — language barrier", | |
| "safety": "safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 3 months" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "MLT": { | |
| "name": "Malta", | |
| "iso3": "MLT", | |
| "flag": "🇲🇹", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Southern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1971, | |
| "notes": "Tiny EU island. Major Mediterranean Sea Rescue point." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "International Protection Agency (IPA)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Valletta", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 9 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "JRS Malta", | |
| "url": "https://jrsmalta.eu" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Malta", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/malta" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Maltese", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Sub-Saharan Africa", | |
| "Middle East" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "difficult — very small island economy", | |
| "safety": "safe", | |
| "economic_access": "limited — small market" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "CYP": { | |
| "name": "Cyprus", | |
| "iso3": "CYP", | |
| "flag": "🇨🇾", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Southern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1963 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Asylum Service", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Nicosia", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 9 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Cyprus", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/cyprus" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Greek", | |
| "Turkish", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Georgia", | |
| "India", | |
| "Cameroon" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "moderate", | |
| "safety": "safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 9 months" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "DNK": { | |
| "name": "Denmark", | |
| "iso3": "DNK", | |
| "flag": "🇩🇰", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Northern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1952, | |
| "notes": "Tightened since 2015. Rwanda-style third country processing announced. Syrian residence revocations triggered court cases." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Danish Immigration Service (DIS)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Copenhagen", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 6 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 3, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "DRC (Danish Refugee Council)", | |
| "url": "https://www.drc.ngo" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Danish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Eritrea", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Somalia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "increasingly difficult", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 6 months" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "FIN": { | |
| "name": "Finland", | |
| "iso3": "FIN", | |
| "flag": "🇫🇮", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Northern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1968 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Finnish Immigration Service (Migri)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Helsinki", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 3 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "Finnish Refugee Council", | |
| "url": "https://www.pakolaisneuvonta.fi/en" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Finnish", | |
| "Swedish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Iraq", | |
| "Somalia", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Eritrea" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good — strong integration programmes", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 3 months" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "IRL": { | |
| "name": "Ireland", | |
| "iso3": "IRL", | |
| "flag": "🇮🇪", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Western Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1956, | |
| "notes": "Applications surged 2021+." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "International Protection Office (IPO)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Dublin", | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "after 6 months", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "Nasc", | |
| "url": "https://nascireland.org" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Ireland", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/ireland" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Irish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Ukraine", | |
| "Georgia", | |
| "Albania", | |
| "Nigeria", | |
| "Somalia" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good — English language advantage", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work after 6 months" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ISL": { | |
| "name": "Iceland", | |
| "iso3": "ISL", | |
| "flag": "🇮🇸", | |
| "tier": 2, | |
| "region": "Northern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1955 | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Directorate of Immigration", | |
| "unhcr_present": false, | |
| "procedure": "government_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "during process", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 3, | |
| "max": 18, | |
| "typical": 9 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": true, | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "Icelandic Red Cross", | |
| "url": "https://www.redcross.is/en" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Icelandic", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "integration": "good", | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_access": "work during process" | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "CIV": { | |
| "name": "Côte d'Ivoire", | |
| "iso3": "CIV", | |
| "flag": "🇨🇮", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1962, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "CNR", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Abidjan", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Côte d'Ivoire", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/cote-divoire" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Liberia", | |
| "Sierra Leone", | |
| "Burkina Faso", | |
| "Mali" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Improving stability. Limited capacity but functional system." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "GIN": { | |
| "name": "Guinea", | |
| "iso3": "GIN", | |
| "flag": "🇬🇳", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1965, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "CNR", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Conakry", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Guinea", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/guinea" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French", | |
| "Pulaar", | |
| "Mandinka" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Liberia", | |
| "Sierra Leone", | |
| "Côte d'Ivoire" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Hosts refugees from neighbouring conflicts. Limited capacity." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "LBR": { | |
| "name": "Liberia", | |
| "iso3": "LBR", | |
| "flag": "🇱🇷", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1964, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "LRRRC", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Monrovia", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Liberia", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/liberia" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Côte d'Ivoire", | |
| "Sierra Leone" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Post-civil war. English-speaking. Small system." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "SLE": { | |
| "name": "Sierra Leone", | |
| "iso3": "SLE", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇱", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1981, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "NaCSA", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Freetown", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Sierra Leone", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/sierra-leone" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Krio" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Liberia", | |
| "Guinea" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "English-speaking. Small system. Post-war recovery." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "GMB": { | |
| "name": "Gambia", | |
| "iso3": "GMB", | |
| "flag": "🇬🇲", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1966, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Interior", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Banjul", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Gambia", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/gambia" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Mandinka", | |
| "Wolof" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Senegal", | |
| "Guinea-Bissau" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Small English-speaking country. Very limited capacity." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "TGO": { | |
| "name": "Togo", | |
| "iso3": "TGO", | |
| "flag": "🇹🇬", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1962, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "CNR", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Lomé", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Togo", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/togo" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French", | |
| "Ewe", | |
| "Kabyé" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Ghana", | |
| "Benin" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Small system. Limited capacity." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "BEN": { | |
| "name": "Benin", | |
| "iso3": "BEN", | |
| "flag": "🇧🇯", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1962, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "CNR", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Cotonou", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Benin", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/benin" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French", | |
| "Fon", | |
| "Yoruba" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Nigeria", | |
| "Togo" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Small but relatively stable." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "MRT": { | |
| "name": "Mauritania", | |
| "iso3": "MRT", | |
| "flag": "🇲🇷", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1987, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Interior", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Nouakchott", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Mauritania", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/mauritania" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "French", | |
| "Pulaar" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Mali" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "UNHCR present primarily for Malian refugees. Limited as general destination." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "NER": { | |
| "name": "Niger", | |
| "iso3": "NER", | |
| "flag": "🇳🇪", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1961, | |
| "notes": "Military coup 2023." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "CNE", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Niamey", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Niger", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/niger" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French", | |
| "Hausa", | |
| "Zarma" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Mali", | |
| "Nigeria", | |
| "Burkina Faso" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Unstable post-coup 2023. Major transit. UNHCR present for those stranded." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "CPV": { | |
| "name": "Cabo Verde", | |
| "iso3": "CPV", | |
| "flag": "🇨🇻", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1987, | |
| "notes": "Protocol only." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Interior", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "(no resident office)", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Portuguese", | |
| "Creole" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [], | |
| "strategic_note": "Small island. Primarily Lusophone Africans. Very small caseload." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "NAM": { | |
| "name": "Namibia", | |
| "iso3": "NAM", | |
| "flag": "🇳🇦", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1995, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Home Affairs", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Windhoek", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Namibia", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/namibia" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Afrikaans", | |
| "German", | |
| "Oshiwambo" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Angola", | |
| "DRC" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Stable, functional system. Osire settlement." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "BWA": { | |
| "name": "Botswana", | |
| "iso3": "BWA", | |
| "flag": "🇧🇼", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1969, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Justice", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Gaborone", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Botswana", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/botswana" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Tswana" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Zimbabwe", | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Somalia" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Upper-middle income. Dukwi settlement. Limited integration but stable." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "MWI": { | |
| "name": "Malawi", | |
| "iso3": "MWI", | |
| "flag": "🇲🇼", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1987, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Department of Refugees", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Lilongwe", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Malawi", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/malawi" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Chichewa", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Mozambique", | |
| "DRC", | |
| "Rwanda", | |
| "Burundi", | |
| "Ethiopia" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Dzaleka camp — very limited rights. Very poor country. Resettlement pipeline primary value." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "GEO": { | |
| "name": "Georgia", | |
| "iso3": "GEO", | |
| "flag": "🇬🇪", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Caucasus / Eastern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1999, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Internal Affairs", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Tbilisi", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Georgia", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/georgia" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Georgian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Iraq", | |
| "Iran", | |
| "Nigeria", | |
| "Russia-fleeing post-2022" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Functioning system. Important for those fleeing Russia/Iran. EU candidate country." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ARM": { | |
| "name": "Armenia", | |
| "iso3": "ARM", | |
| "flag": "🇦🇲", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Caucasus", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1993, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "State Migration Service", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Yerevan", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Armenia", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/armenia" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Armenian", | |
| "Russian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Iraq", | |
| "Iran" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Small but functional. Syrian Armenian community historic link." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "AZE": { | |
| "name": "Azerbaijan", | |
| "iso3": "AZE", | |
| "flag": "🇦🇿", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Caucasus", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1993, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "State Migration Service", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Baku", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Azerbaijan", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/azerbaijan" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Azerbaijani", | |
| "Russian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Iraq", | |
| "Iran" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Limited as destination. Nagorno-Karabakh context." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "KGZ": { | |
| "name": "Kyrgyzstan", | |
| "iso3": "KGZ", | |
| "flag": "🇰🇬", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Central Asia", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1996, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "State Migration Service", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Bishkek", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 30, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Kyrgyzstan", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/kyrgyzstan" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Kyrgyz", | |
| "Russian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Tajikistan" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Functional but limited. Primarily Afghan context." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "KAZ": { | |
| "name": "Kazakhstan", | |
| "iso3": "KAZ", | |
| "flag": "🇰🇿", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Central Asia", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1999, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Internal Affairs", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Astana", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Kazakhstan", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/kazakhstan" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Kazakh", | |
| "Russian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Uzbekistan", | |
| "Russia-fleeing post-2022" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Oil economy. Growing importance post-2022 for Russians. UNHCR present." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "TJK": { | |
| "name": "Tajikistan", | |
| "iso3": "TJK", | |
| "flag": "🇹🇯", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Central Asia", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1993, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Committee on Migration", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Dushanbe", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 16 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Tajikistan", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/tajikistan" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Tajik", | |
| "Russian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Afghanistan" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Very poor country. Limited capacity. Primarily Afghan context." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "MDA": { | |
| "name": "Moldova", | |
| "iso3": "MDA", | |
| "flag": "🇲🇩", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Eastern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 2002, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Bureau for Migration and Asylum", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Chișinău", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Moldova", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/moldova" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Romanian", | |
| "Russian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Ukraine", | |
| "Syria" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Poor country. Mainly transit toward Romania/EU. Large Ukrainian presence." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "LVA": { | |
| "name": "Latvia", | |
| "iso3": "LVA", | |
| "flag": "🇱🇻", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Northern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1997, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "OCMA", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Riga", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Latvia", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/latvia" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Latvian", | |
| "Russian", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Ukraine", | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Afghanistan" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Baltic EU state. Very small caseload but functional system." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "LTU": { | |
| "name": "Lithuania", | |
| "iso3": "LTU", | |
| "flag": "🇱🇹", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Northern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1997, | |
| "notes": "Large arrivals from Belarus border since 2021." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Migration Department", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Vilnius", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Lithuania", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/lithuania" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Lithuanian", | |
| "Russian", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Ukraine", | |
| "Iraq", | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Cameroon", | |
| "DRC" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "EU member. Belarus route arrivals complex." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "EST": { | |
| "name": "Estonia", | |
| "iso3": "EST", | |
| "flag": "🇪🇪", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Northern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1997, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Police and Border Guard Board", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Tallinn", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 3, | |
| "max": 12, | |
| "typical": 6 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Estonia", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/estonia" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Estonian", | |
| "Russian", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Ukraine", | |
| "Russia", | |
| "Belarus" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Very small caseload. Efficient system." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "SVK": { | |
| "name": "Slovakia", | |
| "iso3": "SVK", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇰", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Central Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1993, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Migration Office", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Bratislava", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "Human Rights League Slovakia", | |
| "url": "https://www.hrl.sk/en" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Slovak" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Ukraine", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Iraq" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Small functional EU system." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "SVN": { | |
| "name": "Slovenia", | |
| "iso3": "SVN", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇮", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Southern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1992, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Interior", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Ljubljana", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "PIC Slovenia", | |
| "url": "https://pic.si/en" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Slovenian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Pakistan", | |
| "Morocco" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Western Balkans EU entry point. Small caseload." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "HRV": { | |
| "name": "Croatia", | |
| "iso3": "HRV", | |
| "flag": "🇭🇷", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Southern Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1992, | |
| "notes": "Pushbacks at Bosnia-Croatia border documented." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Interior", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Zagreb", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Croatian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Iran" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Primarily transit toward Western Europe. Pushbacks documented." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "BIH": { | |
| "name": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", | |
| "iso3": "BIH", | |
| "flag": "🇧🇦", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Western Balkans", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1993, | |
| "notes": "Poor conditions at Lipa camp documented." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Security — Asylum Sector", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Sarajevo", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 20 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR BiH", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Bosnian", | |
| "Serbian", | |
| "Croatian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Pakistan", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Bangladesh", | |
| "Syria" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Primarily transit toward Croatia/EU. Poor conditions documented." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "SRB": { | |
| "name": "Serbia", | |
| "iso3": "SRB", | |
| "flag": "🇷🇸", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Western Balkans", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 2001, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Asylum Office — Ministry of Interior", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Belgrade", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "Belgrade Centre for Human Rights", | |
| "url": "https://www.bgcentar.org.rs/en" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Serbian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Pakistan", | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Burundi" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Key transit. Most applicants move on toward EU." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "MKD": { | |
| "name": "North Macedonia", | |
| "iso3": "MKD", | |
| "flag": "🇲🇰", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Western Balkans", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1994, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Interior", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Skopje", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR North Macedonia", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/north-macedonia" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Macedonian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Pakistan", | |
| "Syria" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Primarily transit toward Serbia/EU." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ALB": { | |
| "name": "Albania", | |
| "iso3": "ALB", | |
| "flag": "🇦🇱", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Western Balkans", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1992, | |
| "notes": "UK negotiated processing agreement 2024." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Directorate for Migration and Borders", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Tirana", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Albania", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/albania" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Albanian" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Syria" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Transit and emigration country. UK-Albania processing scheme notable." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "MNE": { | |
| "name": "Montenegro", | |
| "iso3": "MNE", | |
| "flag": "🇲🇪", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Western Balkans", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 2006, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Interior", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Podgorica", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Montenegro", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/montenegro" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Montenegrin" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Afghanistan", | |
| "Albania" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Small system. Primarily transit toward Serbia/EU." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "LUX": { | |
| "name": "Luxembourg", | |
| "iso3": "LUX", | |
| "flag": "🇱🇺", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Western Europe", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1953, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Immigration and Asylum", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Luxembourg City", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 3, | |
| "max": 18, | |
| "typical": 10 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "ASTI", | |
| "url": "https://www.asti.lu" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Luxembourgish", | |
| "French", | |
| "German" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Syria", | |
| "Eritrea", | |
| "Kosovo", | |
| "Iraq" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Small country. Good services. High cost of living." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "NPL": { | |
| "name": "Nepal", | |
| "iso3": "NPL", | |
| "flag": "🇳🇵", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "South Asia", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Asia and Pacific", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 2018, | |
| "notes": "Acceded 2018. Bhutanese resettlement to USA/Canada nearly complete." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Home Affairs / UNHCR", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Kathmandu", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Nepal", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/nepal" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Nepali" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Bhutan (historically)", | |
| "Tibet/China" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "UNHCR registration for resettlement pipeline. Limited as local destination." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "KHM": { | |
| "name": "Cambodia", | |
| "iso3": "KHM", | |
| "flag": "🇰🇭", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Southeast Asia", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Asia and Pacific", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1992, | |
| "notes": "Poor implementation. Forcibly returned Uyghurs to China 2009." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "NCRC / UNHCR", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Phnom Penh", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 60, | |
| "typical": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Cambodia", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/cambodia" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Khmer" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [], | |
| "strategic_note": "UNHCR resettlement pipeline primarily. Not a practical destination." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "PHL": { | |
| "name": "Philippines", | |
| "iso3": "PHL", | |
| "flag": "🇵🇭", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Southeast Asia", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Asia and Pacific", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1981, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "IACPR / UNHCR", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Manila", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Philippines", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/philippines" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Filipino", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [], | |
| "strategic_note": "Small system. UNHCR resettlement pathway available." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "PNG": { | |
| "name": "Papua New Guinea", | |
| "iso3": "PNG", | |
| "flag": "🇵🇬", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Oceania", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Asia and Pacific", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1986, | |
| "notes": "Australian offshore processing centre (Manus)." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Department of Foreign Affairs", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Port Moresby", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 60, | |
| "typical": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR PNG", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/papua-new-guinea" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Tok Pisin", | |
| "English", | |
| "Hiri Motu" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [], | |
| "strategic_note": "Primarily relevant for Australian offshore processing context." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "GTM": { | |
| "name": "Guatemala", | |
| "iso3": "GTM", | |
| "flag": "🇬🇹", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Central America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1983, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "CONARE", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Guatemala City", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Guatemala", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/guatemala" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Honduras", | |
| "El Salvador", | |
| "Mexico" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Cartagena. Moderate safety — gang violence in some areas." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "BLZ": { | |
| "name": "Belize", | |
| "iso3": "BLZ", | |
| "flag": "🇧🇿", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Central America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1990, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Refugees Department", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Belmopan", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 3, | |
| "max": 18, | |
| "typical": 9 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Guatemala", | |
| "Honduras" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Cartagena. Small English-speaking country." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "BOL": { | |
| "name": "Bolivia", | |
| "iso3": "BOL", | |
| "flag": "🇧🇴", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "South America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1982, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "CONARE", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "La Paz", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Bolivia", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/bolivia" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Colombia", | |
| "Peru" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Cartagena. Moderate. Work rights." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "PRY": { | |
| "name": "Paraguay", | |
| "iso3": "PRY", | |
| "flag": "🇵🇾", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "South America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1970, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "CONARE", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Asunción", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": true, | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Paraguay", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/paraguay" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish", | |
| "Guaraní" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Colombia" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Cartagena. Moderate. Work rights." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "SUR": { | |
| "name": "Suriname", | |
| "iso3": "SUR", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇷", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "South America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1978, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Justice", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Paramaribo", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 30, | |
| "typical": 15 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Dutch", | |
| "Sranan Tongo", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Guyana" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Cartagena. Small Dutch-speaking country." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "TTO": { | |
| "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", | |
| "iso3": "TTO", | |
| "flag": "🇹🇹", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Caribbean", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 2000, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "UNHCR (de facto)", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Port of Spain", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR T&T", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/trinidad-and-tobago" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Venezuela" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Large Venezuelan caseload. No formal framework. UNHCR primary recourse." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "JAM": { | |
| "name": "Jamaica", | |
| "iso3": "JAM", | |
| "flag": "🇯🇲", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Caribbean", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1964, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of National Security", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Kingston", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 30, | |
| "typical": 15 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [], | |
| "strategic_note": "English-speaking Caribbean. Very small caseload." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "DOM": { | |
| "name": "Dominican Republic", | |
| "iso3": "DOM", | |
| "flag": "🇩🇴", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Caribbean", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1978, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena. Anti-Haitian discrimination documented." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "CONARE", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Santo Domingo", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 36, | |
| "typical": 18 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Dominican Republic", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/dominican-republic" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Haiti", | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Cuba" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Cartagena. Significant anti-Haitian discrimination. Statelessness crisis." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "COG": { | |
| "name": "Republic of Congo", | |
| "iso3": "COG", | |
| "flag": "🇨🇬", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Central Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1962, | |
| "notes": "Convention only — geographic limitation (European events) retained." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "CNR", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Brazzaville", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Congo", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/republic-of-congo" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French", | |
| "Lingala", | |
| "Munukutuba" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "DRC", | |
| "CAR" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Convention only — geographic limitation retained. UNHCR present. Limited capacity." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "SDN": { | |
| "name": "Sudan", | |
| "iso3": "SDN", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇩", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "East Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1974, | |
| "oau_1969": true | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Major origin country. System collapsed April 2023." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| }, | |
| "warning": "Active civil war since April 2023. 8M+ displaced. Do not recommend as destination." | |
| }, | |
| "SOM": { | |
| "name": "Somalia", | |
| "iso3": "SOM", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇴", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "East Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1978, | |
| "oau_1969": true | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Somali", | |
| "Arabic" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Major origin country. Collapsed state." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| }, | |
| "warning": "Collapsed state. Active conflict (Al-Shabaab). Major origin country. Do not recommend as destination." | |
| }, | |
| "SSD": { | |
| "name": "South Sudan", | |
| "iso3": "SSD", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇸", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "East Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 2018, | |
| "oau_1969": true | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "Dinka", | |
| "Nuer" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Newest Convention state. Active war." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| }, | |
| "warning": "Active civil war. 4M+ displaced. Do not recommend as destination." | |
| }, | |
| "YEM": { | |
| "name": "Yemen", | |
| "iso3": "YEM", | |
| "flag": "🇾🇪", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Middle East", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1980, | |
| "oau_1969": false | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Signatory but non-functional due to war." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| }, | |
| "warning": "Active civil war since 2015. World's worst humanitarian crisis. Do not recommend as destination." | |
| }, | |
| "CAF": { | |
| "name": "Central African Republic", | |
| "iso3": "CAF", | |
| "flag": "🇨🇫", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1962, | |
| "oau_1969": true | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French", | |
| "Sango" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Major origin country. Active armed groups." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| }, | |
| "warning": "Chronic armed conflict. Major origin country. Do not recommend as destination." | |
| }, | |
| "MLI": { | |
| "name": "Mali", | |
| "iso3": "MLI", | |
| "flag": "🇲🇱", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1973, | |
| "oau_1969": true | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French", | |
| "Bambara" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Active Sahel conflict." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| }, | |
| "warning": "Active jihadist conflict. Military coup 2021. Do not recommend as destination." | |
| }, | |
| "BFA": { | |
| "name": "Burkina Faso", | |
| "iso3": "BFA", | |
| "flag": "🇧🇫", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1980, | |
| "oau_1969": true | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French", | |
| "Mooré", | |
| "Dioula" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Active Sahel conflict — among worst in region. 2M+ IDPs." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| }, | |
| "warning": "Active jihadist conflict. Military coup 2022. Do not recommend as destination." | |
| }, | |
| "BDI": { | |
| "name": "Burundi", | |
| "iso3": "BDI", | |
| "flag": "🇧🇮", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "East Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1963, | |
| "oau_1969": true | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Kirundi", | |
| "French" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Political repression. Major origin country." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| }, | |
| "warning": "Major origin country. Political repression ongoing. Do not recommend as destination." | |
| }, | |
| "UKR": { | |
| "name": "Ukraine", | |
| "iso3": "UKR", | |
| "flag": "🇺🇦", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Eastern Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 2002, | |
| "oau_1969": false | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Ukrainian", | |
| "Russian" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Major origin country. Active war." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| }, | |
| "warning": "ACTIVE WAR since February 2022. 6M+ displaced abroad. Do not recommend as destination." | |
| }, | |
| "BLR": { | |
| "name": "Belarus", | |
| "iso3": "BLR", | |
| "flag": "🇧🇾", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Eastern Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 2001, | |
| "oau_1969": false | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Belarusian", | |
| "Russian" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Migrants used as hybrid warfare tool toward Poland/Lithuania/Latvia." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| }, | |
| "warning": "Authoritarian state actively instrumentalizing migrants as weapon toward EU. Do not recommend." | |
| }, | |
| "VEN": { | |
| "name": "Venezuela", | |
| "iso3": "VEN", | |
| "flag": "🇻🇪", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "South America", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1986, | |
| "oau_1969": false | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "World's third largest refugee-producing country." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| }, | |
| "warning": "Major origin country. Economic/political collapse. 7M+ displaced abroad. Do not recommend." | |
| }, | |
| "HTI": { | |
| "name": "Haiti", | |
| "iso3": "HTI", | |
| "flag": "🇭🇹", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Caribbean", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1984, | |
| "oau_1969": false | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Haitian Creole", | |
| "French" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Gang control of most of Port-au-Prince. Collapsed state services." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| }, | |
| "warning": "Failed state. Gang violence controls major areas. Major origin country. Do not recommend." | |
| }, | |
| "MDG": { | |
| "name": "Madagascar", | |
| "iso3": "MDG", | |
| "flag": "🇲🇬", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": false, | |
| "year": 1967, | |
| "notes": "Convention only — geographic limitation retained (European events)." | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Malagasy", | |
| "French" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Island. Geographic limitation (European events only). Minimal practical relevance." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "LSO": { | |
| "name": "Lesotho", | |
| "iso3": "LSO", | |
| "flag": "🇱🇸", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1981, | |
| "oau_1969": true | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Sesotho", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Landlocked enclave within South Africa. Most access SA directly. Minimal caseload." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "SWZ": { | |
| "name": "Eswatini", | |
| "iso3": "SWZ", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇿", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1978, | |
| "oau_1969": true | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Siswati", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Surrounded by South Africa and Mozambique. Minimal caseload." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "NRU": { | |
| "name": "Nauru", | |
| "iso3": "NRU", | |
| "flag": "🇳🇷", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Oceania", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 2011, | |
| "notes": "Newest accession (2011). Tiny island (~10,000 people)." | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Nauruan", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Tiny Pacific island. Australian offshore processing context only. No independent system of note." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "FJI": { | |
| "name": "Fiji", | |
| "iso3": "FJI", | |
| "flag": "🇫🇯", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Oceania", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1972, | |
| "oau_1969": false | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Fijian", | |
| "Hindi" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Remote Pacific island. Minimal caseload." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "SLB": { | |
| "name": "Solomon Islands", | |
| "iso3": "SLB", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇧", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Oceania", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1995, | |
| "oau_1969": false | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Pijin" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Remote Pacific island. No meaningful asylum system." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "VUT": { | |
| "name": "Vanuatu", | |
| "iso3": "VUT", | |
| "flag": "🇻🇺", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Oceania", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1985, | |
| "oau_1969": false | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Bislama", | |
| "English", | |
| "French" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Remote Pacific island. No meaningful asylum system." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "WSM": { | |
| "name": "Samoa", | |
| "iso3": "WSM", | |
| "flag": "🇼🇸", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Oceania", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1988, | |
| "oau_1969": false | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Samoan", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Remote Pacific island. No meaningful asylum system." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "MCO": { | |
| "name": "Monaco", | |
| "iso3": "MCO", | |
| "flag": "🇲🇨", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Western Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": false, | |
| "year": 1954, | |
| "notes": "Convention only — geographic limitation retained." | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Micro-state. Geographic limitation retained. No meaningful asylum system." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "LIE": { | |
| "name": "Liechtenstein", | |
| "iso3": "LIE", | |
| "flag": "🇱🇮", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Western Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1957, | |
| "oau_1969": false | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "German" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Micro-state. Very small caseload handled under Schengen/Swiss proximity." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "AND": { | |
| "name": "Andorra", | |
| "iso3": "AND", | |
| "flag": "🇦🇩", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Western Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 2006, | |
| "oau_1969": false | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Catalan" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Micro-state between France and Spain. Applicants access France/Spain system." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "SMR": { | |
| "name": "San Marino", | |
| "iso3": "SMR", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇲", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Western Europe", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1989, | |
| "oau_1969": false | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Italian" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Micro-state enclave within Italy. Applicants access Italy system." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "DJI": { | |
| "name": "Djibouti", | |
| "iso3": "DJI", | |
| "flag": "🇩🇯", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "East Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "East and Horn of Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1977, | |
| "notes": "Also OAU 1969." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "ONARS", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Djibouti City", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Djibouti", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/djibouti" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Somali", | |
| "Afar", | |
| "French", | |
| "Arabic" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Somalia", | |
| "Ethiopia", | |
| "Eritrea", | |
| "Yemen" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Strategic location. Hosts Somali and Ethiopian refugees. UNHCR active. Very small economy." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "GAB": { | |
| "name": "Gabon", | |
| "iso3": "GAB", | |
| "flag": "🇬🇦", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Central Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1964, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Commission Nationale d'Eligibilité", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Libreville", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Gabon", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/gabon" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "French" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Cameroon", | |
| "CAR", | |
| "DRC" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Oil economy. Very small caseload. Limited infrastructure." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "GNB": { | |
| "name": "Guinea-Bissau", | |
| "iso3": "GNB", | |
| "flag": "🇬🇼", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "West Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "West and Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1976, | |
| "notes": "Protocol only." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "CONAC", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Bissau", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 60, | |
| "typical": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Guinea-Bissau", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/guinea-bissau" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Portuguese", | |
| "Creole" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Senegal", | |
| "Guinea" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Lusophone. Very poor and politically unstable. Very small caseload." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "GUY": { | |
| "name": "Guyana", | |
| "iso3": "GUY", | |
| "flag": "🇬🇾", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "South America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1967, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Citizenship", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Georgetown", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Venezuela", | |
| "Cuba" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Cartagena. English-speaking. Hosts Venezuelan spillover. Very small caseload." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "HND": { | |
| "name": "Honduras", | |
| "iso3": "HND", | |
| "flag": "🇭🇳", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Central America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1992, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "CONARE", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Tegucigalpa", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Honduras", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/honduras" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Nicaragua", | |
| "El Salvador" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Cartagena. Major origin country (gang violence). Small system as destination." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "MUS": { | |
| "name": "Mauritius", | |
| "iso3": "MUS", | |
| "flag": "🇲🇺", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Southern Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1969, | |
| "notes": "" | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Labour", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Port Louis", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 12 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "French", | |
| "Creole" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [], | |
| "strategic_note": "Small island state. Very small caseload. High income economy." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "NIC": { | |
| "name": "Nicaragua", | |
| "iso3": "NIC", | |
| "flag": "🇳🇮", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Central America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1980, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena. Political crisis from 2018." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "Ministry of Interior — DGME", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Managua", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Nicaragua", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/nicaragua" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Honduras", | |
| "El Salvador", | |
| "Cuba" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Cartagena. Political crisis since 2018. Government hostile to NGOs. Very limited." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "SLV": { | |
| "name": "El Salvador", | |
| "iso3": "SLV", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇻", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Central America", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Americas", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1983, | |
| "notes": "Cartagena." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "CONARE", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "San Salvador", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 6, | |
| "max": 24, | |
| "typical": 14 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR El Salvador", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/el-salvador" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [ | |
| "Honduras", | |
| "Guatemala", | |
| "Nicaragua" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Cartagena. Major origin country (gang violence). Very small system as destination." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "TLS": { | |
| "name": "Timor-Leste", | |
| "iso3": "TLS", | |
| "flag": "🇹🇱", | |
| "tier": 3, | |
| "region": "Southeast Asia", | |
| "unhcr_region": "Asia and Pacific", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 2003, | |
| "notes": "Acceded 2003." | |
| }, | |
| "asylum_system": { | |
| "body": "SESIM", | |
| "unhcr_present": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Dili", | |
| "procedure": "government_or_unhcr_rsd", | |
| "work_right": "limited", | |
| "education_right": true, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 60, | |
| "typical": 30 | |
| }, | |
| "appeal": true, | |
| "legal_aid": "limited", | |
| "orgs": [ | |
| { | |
| "name": "UNHCR Timor-Leste", | |
| "url": "https://www.unhcr.org/countries/timor-leste" | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Tetum", | |
| "Portuguese", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "hosts": [], | |
| "strategic_note": "Newest Asian signatory. Very small caseload. Limited infrastructure." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "COM": { | |
| "name": "Comoros", | |
| "iso3": "COM", | |
| "flag": "🇰🇲", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "East Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 2017, | |
| "oau_1969": true | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Comorian", | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "French" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Island micro-state. Very recent accession (2017). No meaningful asylum system." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "GNQ": { | |
| "name": "Equatorial Guinea", | |
| "iso3": "GNQ", | |
| "flag": "🇬🇶", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1986, | |
| "oau_1969": true | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish", | |
| "French", | |
| "Portuguese" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Oil state. Major origin country for political dissidents. No independent asylum system." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "STP": { | |
| "name": "São Tomé and Príncipe", | |
| "iso3": "STP", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇹", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Central Africa", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1975, | |
| "oau_1969": true | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Portuguese" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Tiny island micro-state. No meaningful asylum system." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "TKM": { | |
| "name": "Turkmenistan", | |
| "iso3": "TKM", | |
| "flag": "🇹🇲", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "Central Asia", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 2005, | |
| "oau_1969": false | |
| }, | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Turkmen", | |
| "Russian" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Protocol only. Authoritarian state. No meaningful asylum system. Primarily of note for Afghans crossing en route." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| }, | |
| "warning": "Authoritarian closed state. Do not recommend as destination." | |
| }, | |
| "AFG": { | |
| "name": "Afghanistan", | |
| "iso3": "AFG", | |
| "flag": "🇦🇫", | |
| "tier": 4, | |
| "region": "South Asia", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 2005, | |
| "notes": "Acceded 2005. World's largest origin country. Taliban takeover 2021 — system non-functional." | |
| }, | |
| "warning": "ACTIVE CRISIS. Taliban control since August 2021. 6M+ displaced abroad. World's largest origin country. Do not recommend as destination.", | |
| "profile": { | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Dari/Persian", | |
| "Pashto" | |
| ], | |
| "strategic_note": "Major origin country. Taliban takeover 2021 — no asylum system. UNHCR Kabul present but severely restricted. Not a destination." | |
| }, | |
| "stats": { | |
| "acceptance_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "total_protection_rate_recent": "PENDING", | |
| "applications_last_year": "PENDING", | |
| "refugee_population_total": "PENDING", | |
| "data_year": "PENDING" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "non_signatories": { | |
| "UAE": { | |
| "name": "United Arab Emirates", | |
| "iso3": "ARE", | |
| "flag": "🇦🇪", | |
| "region": "Gulf / Middle East", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_viable_temporary", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "alternative_pathways": { | |
| "humanitarian_permit": { | |
| "exists": true, | |
| "name": "Humanitarian Resident Permit", | |
| "launched": "2025-2026", | |
| "description": "Temporary permit for conflict-affected. Requires financial self-sufficiency or sponsor. Healthcare, education, integration support.", | |
| "path_to_pr": false | |
| }, | |
| "golden_visa": { | |
| "exists": true, | |
| "duration_years": 10, | |
| "requirement": "investment / exceptional talent" | |
| }, | |
| "green_residency": { | |
| "exists": true, | |
| "duration_years": 5, | |
| "requirement": "skilled worker or freelancer — no employer sponsor needed" | |
| }, | |
| "blue_visa": { | |
| "exists": true, | |
| "duration_years": 10, | |
| "requirement": "environmental contributions — launched Feb 2025" | |
| }, | |
| "work_visa": { | |
| "exists": true, | |
| "requirement": "employer sponsorship (kafala — being reformed)" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Viable temporary country for skilled/educated displaced persons while pursuing formal asylum in a 1951 signatory country. Green Residency removes employer-tie. Humanitarian Permit for conflict-affected. NOT a durable solution — plan onward move.", | |
| "kafala": true, | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "very safe", | |
| "economic_opportunity": "high — tech, finance, healthcare, construction" | |
| }, | |
| "SAU": { | |
| "name": "Saudi Arabia", | |
| "iso3": "SAU", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇦", | |
| "region": "Gulf / Middle East", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_skilled_only", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "alternative_pathways": { | |
| "work_visa": { | |
| "exists": true, | |
| "requirement": "employer sponsorship" | |
| }, | |
| "premium_residency": { | |
| "exists": true, | |
| "cost_usd": 800000 | |
| }, | |
| "wusool": { | |
| "exists": true, | |
| "description": "Talent attraction for skilled professionals under Vision 2030" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Only for highly skilled with secure verified employment. Mass deportations of irregular African migrants documented. High risk for vulnerable persons.", | |
| "kafala": true, | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "safe for legal residents; high risk for irregular migrants", | |
| "economic_opportunity": "high for skilled" | |
| }, | |
| "QAT": { | |
| "name": "Qatar", | |
| "iso3": "QAT", | |
| "flag": "🇶🇦", | |
| "region": "Gulf / Middle East", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_skilled_only", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "alternative_pathways": { | |
| "work_visa": { | |
| "exists": true | |
| }, | |
| "kafala_reform_2022": "Abolished exit permit. Minimum wage introduced. Still employer-tied." | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Similar to UAE for skilled workers. Post-2022 labour reforms improved conditions. Not a protection destination.", | |
| "kafala": true, | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "safe for legal residents", | |
| "economic_opportunity": "high for skilled" | |
| }, | |
| "KWT": { | |
| "name": "Kuwait", | |
| "iso3": "KWT", | |
| "flag": "🇰🇼", | |
| "region": "Gulf / Middle East", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_not_recommended", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Not recommended. Strictest kafala in Gulf. Bidoon stateless (100,000+) illustrates structural discrimination. Prioritise signatory country.", | |
| "kafala": true, | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "risky for irregular migrants" | |
| }, | |
| "OMN": { | |
| "name": "Oman", | |
| "iso3": "OMN", | |
| "flag": "🇴🇲", | |
| "region": "Gulf / Middle East", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_skilled_only", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "alternative_pathways": { | |
| "work_visa": { | |
| "exists": true, | |
| "requirement": "employer sponsorship" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Possible temporary for skilled workers with formal employment. No protection framework. Omanisation quotas affect job market. Onward planning only.", | |
| "kafala": true, | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "safe for legal residents", | |
| "economic_opportunity": "moderate" | |
| }, | |
| "BHR": { | |
| "name": "Bahrain", | |
| "iso3": "BHR", | |
| "flag": "🇧🇭", | |
| "region": "Gulf / Middle East", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_skilled_only", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "alternative_pathways": { | |
| "work_visa": { | |
| "exists": true | |
| }, | |
| "flexi_permit": { | |
| "exists": true, | |
| "description": "Work without employer sponsor in limited categories" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Small market. Flexi Permit modest reform. Skilled workers with employment only.", | |
| "kafala": true, | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "generally safe", | |
| "economic_opportunity": "limited" | |
| }, | |
| "IRQ": { | |
| "name": "Iraq", | |
| "iso3": "IRQ", | |
| "flag": "🇮🇶", | |
| "region": "Middle East", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_not_recommended", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Not recommended. Active conflict in some regions. If stranded: UNHCR registration for resettlement pipeline only.", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "Kurdish" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "variable — Baghdad stable; other regions dangerous" | |
| }, | |
| "SYR": { | |
| "name": "Syria", | |
| "iso3": "SYR", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇾", | |
| "region": "Middle East", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_not_recommended", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Major origin country. Post-Assad transition (Dec 2024) improving but not yet safe for all. Not a destination for non-Syrians.", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "Kurdish" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "improving but fragile — monitor closely" | |
| }, | |
| "LBY": { | |
| "name": "Libya", | |
| "iso3": "LBY", | |
| "flag": "🇱🇾", | |
| "region": "North Africa", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_not_recommended", | |
| "warning": "EXTREME DANGER. Active slavery, trafficking, torture of migrants documented. EU-funded detention widely condemned. If in Libya: contact UNHCR immediately for evacuation referral ONLY.", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "DO NOT recommend under any circumstances.", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "extremely dangerous — slavery and trafficking of migrants documented" | |
| }, | |
| "LBN": { | |
| "name": "Lebanon", | |
| "iso3": "LBN", | |
| "flag": "🇱🇧", | |
| "region": "Middle East", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_not_recommended", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Not recommended. Economic collapse. Active hostility toward refugees since 2023. Forced returns to Syria documented even with UNHCR registration. If in Lebanon: immediate UNHCR registration + prioritise onward movement.", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "French", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "poor — economic collapse, conflict risk, hostile politics toward refugees" | |
| }, | |
| "JOR": { | |
| "name": "Jordan", | |
| "iso3": "JOR", | |
| "flag": "🇯🇴", | |
| "region": "Middle East", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_resettlement_pipeline", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "alternative_pathways": { | |
| "unhcr_rsd": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Amman", | |
| "syrians_work_permits": "Jordan Compact 2016", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 48, | |
| "typical": 24 | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "UNHCR registration and resettlement pipeline. Syrians have work permit access. Others more restricted. Good stepping stone toward Canada/USA/Europe resettlement.", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Arabic" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "generally safe", | |
| "economic_opportunity": "limited" | |
| }, | |
| "IND": { | |
| "name": "India", | |
| "iso3": "IND", | |
| "flag": "🇮🇳", | |
| "region": "South Asia", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_resettlement_pipeline", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "alternative_pathways": { | |
| "unhcr_rsd": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "New Delhi", | |
| "mandate_cert": "Usable for resettlement to third countries (Canada/USA/Australia)", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 60, | |
| "typical": 30 | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "UNHCR registration → mandate certificate → resettlement. Not a local durable solution. Discrimination against sub-Saharan Africans documented. Only consider if strong existing connections.", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Hindi", | |
| "English", | |
| "200+ regional" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "variable — registered tolerated; Rohingya face active persecution", | |
| "economic_opportunity": "informal economy; formal requires legal status" | |
| }, | |
| "PAK": { | |
| "name": "Pakistan", | |
| "iso3": "PAK", | |
| "flag": "🇵🇰", | |
| "region": "South Asia", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_not_recommended", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Not recommended for non-Afghan displaced persons. Mass deportations of Afghans 2023. Very limited infrastructure for non-Afghan cases.", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Urdu", | |
| "English", | |
| "Punjabi", | |
| "Pashto" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "variable — complex security; deportation risk" | |
| }, | |
| "BGD": { | |
| "name": "Bangladesh", | |
| "iso3": "BGD", | |
| "flag": "🇧🇩", | |
| "region": "South Asia", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_not_recommended", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Not recommended. Rohingya in Cox's Bazar in extremely difficult conditions. No framework for others.", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Bengali" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "variable — Cox's Bazar extremely dangerous" | |
| }, | |
| "MYS": { | |
| "name": "Malaysia", | |
| "iso3": "MYS", | |
| "flag": "🇲🇾", | |
| "region": "Southeast Asia", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_resettlement_pipeline", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "alternative_pathways": { | |
| "unhcr_rsd": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Kuala Lumpur", | |
| "unhcr_card": "Partial — NOT guaranteed protection from deportation", | |
| "detention_risk": "HIGH — regular immigration raids even against registered refugees", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 12, | |
| "max": 60, | |
| "typical": 36 | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "UNHCR KL processes for resettlement. High detention risk even with card. Register with UNHCR immediately if there. Keep card on person at all times. Not recommended as deliberate destination.", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Malay", | |
| "English", | |
| "Chinese" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "risky — regular enforcement operations even against registered refugees" | |
| }, | |
| "IDN": { | |
| "name": "Indonesia", | |
| "iso3": "IDN", | |
| "flag": "🇮🇩", | |
| "region": "Southeast Asia", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_resettlement_pipeline", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "alternative_pathways": { | |
| "unhcr_rsd": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Jakarta", | |
| "work_right": false, | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 24, | |
| "max": 84, | |
| "typical": 48, | |
| "note": "5-7 years typical" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "UNHCR Jakarta registers for resettlement. Very long wait (5-7 years). No work right — severe hardship. Not recommended as deliberate destination.", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Indonesian", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "generally safe — less enforcement than Malaysia" | |
| }, | |
| "THA": { | |
| "name": "Thailand", | |
| "iso3": "THA", | |
| "flag": "🇹🇭", | |
| "region": "Southeast Asia", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_resettlement_pipeline", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "alternative_pathways": { | |
| "unhcr_rsd": true, | |
| "unhcr_office": "Bangkok", | |
| "detention_risk": "HIGH", | |
| "processing_months": { | |
| "min": 24, | |
| "max": 72, | |
| "typical": 48 | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "UNHCR resettlement pipeline only. High detention risk. Do not recommend as deliberate destination. If there: urgent UNHCR registration. Keep UNHCR documentation on person at all times.", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Thai", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "risky for undocumented" | |
| }, | |
| "CHN": { | |
| "name": "China", | |
| "iso3": "CHN", | |
| "flag": "🇨🇳", | |
| "region": "East Asia", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_not_recommended", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1982, | |
| "note": "SIGNATORY but near-0% recognition rate. Forcibly returns North Korean defectors. Effectively non-implementing." | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Not recommended despite formal signatory status. Near-0% recognition. North Korean defectors actively returned. Skilled employment visa possible if highly educated — not protection.", | |
| "note_on_classification": "Formally a signatory (1982) but listed here due to effective non-implementation", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Mandarin Chinese" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "safe for legal residents — surveillance state", | |
| "economic_opportunity": "high for skilled professionals with legal status" | |
| }, | |
| "RUS": { | |
| "name": "Russia", | |
| "iso3": "RUS", | |
| "flag": "🇷🇺", | |
| "region": "Europe / Central Asia", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_not_recommended", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": true, | |
| "year": 1992, | |
| "note": "SIGNATORY but active war in Ukraine since 2022, very low recognition, hostile environment." | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Not recommended. Active war in Ukraine. Hostile political environment. Low recognition. Not a practical destination.", | |
| "note_on_classification": "Formally a signatory but listed here due to current war and impracticability", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Russian" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "not recommended — active war zone risk, hostile politics toward foreigners" | |
| }, | |
| "SGP": { | |
| "name": "Singapore", | |
| "iso3": "SGP", | |
| "flag": "🇸🇬", | |
| "region": "Southeast Asia", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_skilled_only", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "alternative_pathways": { | |
| "employment_pass": { | |
| "exists": true, | |
| "requirement": "employer sponsorship, SGD 5,000+/month salary" | |
| }, | |
| "entrepass": { | |
| "exists": true, | |
| "requirement": "entrepreneur visa" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Only for highly educated with verified employment at professional salary. Immediate detention for undocumented. Viable temporary stay while pursuing formal asylum in a signatory country.", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "English", | |
| "Mandarin", | |
| "Malay", | |
| "Tamil" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "very safe for legal residents — strict enforcement for undocumented", | |
| "economic_opportunity": "high for skilled professionals" | |
| }, | |
| "CUB": { | |
| "name": "Cuba", | |
| "iso3": "CUB", | |
| "flag": "🇨🇺", | |
| "region": "Caribbean", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_not_recommended", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": true, | |
| "1967": false, | |
| "year": 1954, | |
| "notes": "Convention only. Non-implementing. Major origin country." | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Not recommended. No asylum framework. Cuba is itself a major origin country. Authoritarian state.", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Spanish" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "complex — authoritarian government", | |
| "note_on_classification": "Cuba acceded to the 1951 Convention (1954) but has no functional asylum system and is itself a major origin country. Listed here accordingly." | |
| }, | |
| "ERI": { | |
| "name": "Eritrea", | |
| "iso3": "ERI", | |
| "flag": "🇪🇷", | |
| "region": "East Africa", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_not_recommended", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Not recommended. Major origin country. Forced conscription and political repression. Closed authoritarian state. No asylum framework.", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Tigrinya", | |
| "Arabic", | |
| "English" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "dangerous — authoritarian state, forced conscription" | |
| }, | |
| "MNG": { | |
| "name": "Mongolia", | |
| "iso3": "MNG", | |
| "flag": "🇲🇳", | |
| "region": "East Asia", | |
| "tier": "non_signatory_not_recommended", | |
| "convention": { | |
| "1951": false, | |
| "1967": false | |
| }, | |
| "strategic_guidance": "Not recommended for most displaced persons. Remote, extreme climate, very limited infrastructure.", | |
| "languages": [ | |
| "Mongolian" | |
| ], | |
| "safety": "generally safe but extremely remote" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } |