Spaces:

garywelz
/

glmp

Running

File size: 18,500 Bytes

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
  <title>Physical Chemistry Examples — Programming Framework</title>
  <style>
    body { 
      font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; 
      margin: 0; 
      background: #ffffff; 
      color: #000000; 
      line-height: 1.6;
      font-size: 12pt;
    }
    .container { 
      max-width: 1200px; 
      margin: 0 auto; 
      padding: 2rem; 
    }
    h1 { 
      font-size: 18pt; 
      font-weight: bold; 
      text-align: center; 
      margin-bottom: 1rem;
    }
    h2 { 
      font-size: 14pt; 
      font-weight: bold; 
      margin-top: 2rem; 
      margin-bottom: 1rem;
    }
    h3 { 
      font-size: 12pt; 
      font-weight: bold; 
      margin-top: 1.5rem; 
      margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    }
    p { 
      margin-bottom: 1rem; 
      text-align: justify;
    }
    .abstract { 
      background: #f8f8f8; 
      padding: 1rem; 
      margin: 1rem 0; 
      border-left: 4px solid #333;
    }
    .figure { 
      text-align: center; 
      margin: 2rem 0; 
      page-break-inside: avoid;
    }
    .figure-caption { 
      font-size: 10pt; 
      margin-top: 0.5rem; 
      text-align: center;
    }
    .legend { 
      display: grid; 
      grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit,minmax(140px,1fr)); 
      gap: .5rem 1rem; 
      margin: 1rem 0 0; 
      font-size: 10pt; 
      color: #333; 
    }
    .pill { 
      display:inline-flex; 
      align-items:center; 
      gap:.5rem; 
      padding:.25rem .5rem; 
      border-radius: 999px; 
      border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08); 
      background:#fff; 
    }
    .swatch { 
      width: 12px; 
      height: 12px; 
      border-radius: 2px; 
      border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15); 
    }
    .mermaid { 
      overflow-x: auto; 
      margin: 1rem 0;
    }
    .keywords { 
      margin-top: 2rem; 
      font-size: 10pt; 
      color: #666;
    }
    .process-section {
      border: 1px solid #ddd;
      border-radius: 8px;
      padding: 1.5rem;
      margin: 2rem 0;
      background: #fafafa;
    }
    @media print {
      .container { max-width: none; padding: 1rem; }
      .figure { page-break-inside: avoid; }
    }
  </style>
  <script type="module">
    import mermaid from 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid@10/dist/mermaid.esm.min.mjs';
    mermaid.initialize({
      startOnLoad: true,
      securityLevel: 'antiscript',
      theme: 'base',
      themeVariables: {
        primaryColor: '#ffffff',
        primaryTextColor: '#000000',
        lineColor: '#000000',
        fontFamily: 'Times New Roman, Times, serif'
      }
    });
  </script>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="container">
    <h1>Physical Chemistry Examples — Programming Framework</h1>
    
    <div class="abstract">
      <strong>Abstract.</strong> This collection demonstrates the universal applicability of the Programming Framework to physical chemistry and industrial processes. Five major industrial chemical processes are modeled using the same computational logic framework applied to biological systems, revealing universal patterns across domains. Each process is represented with consistent color-coding: triggers (red), catalysts/recovery systems (teal), intermediates (blue), products (green), and byproducts/waste (yellow).
    </div>

    <h2>Introduction</h2>
    <p>The Programming Framework, originally developed for biological systems analysis, demonstrates universal applicability when applied to physical chemistry and industrial processes. This collection showcases five major industrial processes that exhibit computational logic strikingly similar to biological systems, including trigger mechanisms, catalytic processes, intermediate management, and feedback loops.</p>

    <div class="process-section">
      <h2>1. Water Electrolysis (Hydrogen Production)</h2>
      <p>Water electrolysis splits water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen using electrical energy. This process demonstrates sophisticated computational logic including voltage triggers, electrode catalysis, ion transport, and energy management systems.</p>

      <div class="figure">
        <div class="mermaid">
flowchart TD
    %% =====================
    %% NODE DEFINITIONS
    %% =====================

    %% Raw materials
    Water[(Water<br/><i>H2O</i>)]
    Electricity[(Electrical Power<br/><i>DC Current</i>)]

    %% Triggers / Conditions
    Voltage{{Applied Voltage<br/>1.23V Minimum}}
    Temperature{{Temperature<br/>25-80°C}}
    Pressure{{Pressure Control<br/>1-30 atm}}

    %% Catalysts / Electrodes
    Anode[Anode Electrode<br/><i>Oxygen Evolution</i>]
    Cathode[Cathode Electrode<br/><i>Hydrogen Evolution</i>]
    Electrolyte[Electrolyte Solution<br/><i>KOH or PEM</i>]

    %% Intermediates
    H2O2[(Water Molecules<br/><i>H2O</i>)]
    OHions[(Hydroxide Ions<br/><i>OH-</i>)]
    Hions[(Hydrogen Ions<br/><i>H+</i>)]
    O2forming[(Oxygen Formation<br/><i>O2</i>)]
    H2forming[(Hydrogen Formation<br/><i>H2</i>)]

    %% Products
    Hydrogen[(Hydrogen Gas<br/><i>H2</i>)]
    Oxygen[(Oxygen Gas<br/><i>O2</i>)]
    
    %% Byproducts
    Heat[(Heat Generation<br/><i>Thermal Energy</i>)]

    %% =====================
    %% PROCESS FLOWS
    %% =====================
    Water --> H2O2
    Electricity --> Voltage
    Voltage --> Anode
    Voltage --> Cathode

    H2O2 --> Anode
    Anode --> OHions
    OHions --> O2forming
    O2forming --> Oxygen

    H2O2 --> Cathode
    Cathode --> Hions
    Hions --> H2forming
    H2forming --> Hydrogen

    Anode --> Heat
    Cathode --> Heat
    Heat --> Temperature

    %% =====================
    %% COLOR CODING (GLMP Style)
    %% =====================
    classDef trigger fill:#ffcccc,stroke:#a00,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef catalyst fill:#a3d2ca,stroke:#2b7a78,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef intermediate fill:#bbdefb,stroke:#0d47a1,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef product fill:#c8e6c9,stroke:#2e7d32,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef waste fill:#f0e68c,stroke:#b59d00,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;

    class Voltage,Temperature,Pressure trigger;
    class Anode,Cathode,Electrolyte catalyst;
    class H2O2,OHions,Hions,O2forming,H2forming intermediate;
    class Hydrogen,Oxygen product;
    class Heat waste;
        </div>
        
        <div class="legend">
          <div class="pill"><span class="swatch" style="background:#ffcccc; border-color:#a00"></span>Triggers / Conditions</div>
          <div class="pill"><span class="swatch" style="background:#a3d2ca; border-color:#2b7a78"></span>Catalyst / Recovery</div>
          <div class="pill"><span class="swatch" style="background:#bbdefb; border-color:#0d47a1"></span>Intermediates</div>
          <div class="pill"><span class="swatch" style="background:#c8e6c9; border-color:#2e7d32"></span>Products</div>
          <div class="pill"><span class="swatch" style="background:#f0e68c; border-color:#b59d00"></span>Byproducts</div>
        </div>
        
        <div class="figure-caption">
          <strong>Figure 1.</strong> Water electrolysis demonstrates sophisticated computational logic with voltage triggers, electrode catalysis, and energy management systems.
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="process-section">
      <h2>2. Haber-Bosch Process (Ammonia Synthesis)</h2>
      <p>The Haber-Bosch process synthesizes ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen under high temperature and pressure conditions. This process exhibits computational logic including equilibrium control, catalyst optimization, and energy management systems.</p>

      <div class="figure">
        <div class="mermaid">
flowchart TD
    %% =====================
    %% NODE DEFINITIONS
    %% =====================

    %% Raw materials
    N2[(Nitrogen<br/><i>N2</i>)]
    H2[(Hydrogen<br/><i>H2</i>)]
    Air[(Air Separation<br/><i>N₂ Source</i>)]

    %% Triggers / Conditions
    Heat{{Heat<br/>400-500°C}}
    Pressure{{High Pressure<br/>150-300 atm}}
    Catalyst{{Iron Catalyst<br/><i>Fe + Promoters</i>}}

    %% Catalysts
    FeCatalyst[Iron Catalyst Bed<br/><i>Fe/Al₂O₃/K₂O</i>]

    %% Intermediates
    NH3Forming[(Ammonia Formation<br/><i>NH3</i>)]
    Equilibrium[(Equilibrium Check<br/><i>N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3</i>)]

    %% Products
    NH3[(Ammonia<br/><i>NH3</i>)]
    
    %% Byproducts
    Unreacted[(Unreacted Gases<br/><i>N2 + H2</i>)]

    %% =====================
    %% PROCESS FLOWS
    %% =====================
    Air --> N2
    N2 --> Heat
    H2 --> Heat
    Heat --> Pressure
    Pressure --> Catalyst
    Catalyst --> FeCatalyst
    FeCatalyst --> NH3Forming
    NH3Forming --> Equilibrium
    Equilibrium --> NH3
    Equilibrium --> Unreacted
    Unreacted --> Heat

    %% =====================
    %% COLOR CODING (GLMP Style)
    %% =====================
    classDef trigger fill:#ffcccc,stroke:#a00,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef catalyst fill:#a3d2ca,stroke:#2b7a78,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef intermediate fill:#bbdefb,stroke:#0d47a1,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef product fill:#c8e6c9,stroke:#2e7d32,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef waste fill:#f0e68c,stroke:#b59d00,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;

    class Heat,Pressure,Catalyst trigger;
    class FeCatalyst catalyst;
    class NH3Forming,Equilibrium intermediate;
    class NH3 product;
    class Unreacted waste;
        </div>
        
        <div class="figure-caption">
          <strong>Figure 2.</strong> The Haber-Bosch process shows equilibrium control and catalyst optimization in industrial ammonia synthesis.
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="process-section">
      <h2>3. Ostwald Process (Nitric Acid Production)</h2>
      <p>The Ostwald process converts ammonia to nitric acid through catalytic oxidation and absorption steps. This process demonstrates sequential logic, oxidation control, and absorption efficiency optimization.</p>

      <div class="figure">
        <div class="mermaid">
flowchart TD
    %% =====================
    %% NODE DEFINITIONS
    %% =====================

    %% Raw materials
    NH3[(Ammonia<br/><i>NH3</i>)]
    Air2[(Air<br/><i>O₂ Source</i>)]

    %% Triggers / Conditions
    Heat3{{Heat<br/>850-900°C}}
    Catalyst2{{Platinum Catalyst<br/><i>Pt-Rh</i>}}

    %% Catalysts
    PtCatalyst[Platinum Catalyst<br/><i>Pt-Rh Gauze</i>]

    %% Intermediates
    NO[(Nitric Oxide<br/><i>NO</i>)]
    NO2[(Nitrogen Dioxide<br/><i>NO2</i>)]
    N2O4[(Dinitrogen Tetroxide<br/><i>N2O4</i>)]

    %% Products
    HNO3[(Nitric Acid<br/><i>HNO3</i>)]
    
    %% Byproducts
    N2Waste[(Nitrogen<br/><i>N2</i>)]

    %% =====================
    %% PROCESS FLOWS
    %% =====================
    NH3 --> Heat3
    Air2 --> Heat3
    Heat3 --> Catalyst2
    Catalyst2 --> PtCatalyst
    PtCatalyst --> NO
    NO --> NO2
    NO2 --> N2O4
    N2O4 --> HNO3
    PtCatalyst --> N2Waste

    %% =====================
    %% COLOR CODING (GLMP Style)
    %% =====================
    classDef trigger fill:#ffcccc,stroke:#a00,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef catalyst fill:#a3d2ca,stroke:#2b7a78,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef intermediate fill:#bbdefb,stroke:#0d47a1,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef product fill:#c8e6c9,stroke:#2e7d32,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef waste fill:#f0e68c,stroke:#b59d00,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;

    class Heat3,Catalyst2 trigger;
    class PtCatalyst catalyst;
    class NO,NO2,N2O4 intermediate;
    class HNO3 product;
    class N2Waste waste;
        </div>
        
        <div class="figure-caption">
          <strong>Figure 3.</strong> The Ostwald process demonstrates sequential oxidation logic and catalyst-driven conversion.
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="process-section">
      <h2>4. Water Electrolysis (Hydrogen Production)</h2>
      <p>Water electrolysis splits water into hydrogen and oxygen using electrical energy. This process shows energy conversion logic, electrode optimization, and efficiency management systems.</p>

      <div class="figure">
        <div class="mermaid">
flowchart TD
    %% =====================
    %% NODE DEFINITIONS
    %% =====================

    %% Raw materials
    H2O[(Water<br/><i>H2O</i>)]
    Electricity[(Electrical Energy<br/><i>DC Current</i>)]

    %% Triggers / Conditions
    Voltage{{Applied Voltage<br/><i>1.23V + Overpotential</i>}}
    Electrolyte{{Electrolyte<br/><i>KOH/H₂SO₄</i>}}

    %% Catalysts
    Anode[Anode<br/><i>Ni/Fe Oxide</i>]
    Cathode[Cathode<br/><i>Ni/Fe</i>]

    %% Intermediates
    OH_[(Hydroxide Ions<br/><i>OH⁻</i>)]
    H_[(Protons<br/><i>H⁺</i>)]

    %% Products
    H2Product[(Hydrogen<br/><i>H2</i>)]
    O2[(Oxygen<br/><i>O2</i>)]
    
    %% Byproducts
    HeatWaste[(Heat<br/><i>Thermal Energy</i>)]

    %% =====================
    %% PROCESS FLOWS
    %% =====================
    H2O --> Voltage
    Electricity --> Voltage
    Voltage --> Electrolyte
    Electrolyte --> Anode
    Electrolyte --> Cathode
    Anode --> OH_
    Cathode --> H_
    OH_ --> O2
    H_ --> H2Product
    Voltage --> HeatWaste

    %% =====================
    %% COLOR CODING (GLMP Style)
    %% =====================
    classDef trigger fill:#ffcccc,stroke:#a00,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef catalyst fill:#a3d2ca,stroke:#2b7a78,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef intermediate fill:#bbdefb,stroke:#0d47a1,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef product fill:#c8e6c9,stroke:#2e7d32,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef waste fill:#f0e68c,stroke:#b59d00,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;

    class Voltage,Electrolyte trigger;
    class Anode,Cathode catalyst;
    class OH_,H_ intermediate;
    class H2Product,O2 product;
    class HeatWaste waste;
        </div>
        
        <div class="figure-caption">
          <strong>Figure 4.</strong> Water electrolysis demonstrates energy conversion logic and electrode optimization.
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <div class="process-section">
      <h2>5. Fractional Distillation (Crude Oil Refining)</h2>
      <p>Fractional distillation separates crude oil into different hydrocarbon fractions based on boiling points. This process exhibits temperature-dependent separation logic and multi-stage optimization.</p>

      <div class="figure">
        <div class="mermaid">
flowchart TD
    %% =====================
    %% NODE DEFINITIONS
    %% =====================

    %% Raw materials
    CrudeOil[(Crude Oil<br/><i>Mixed Hydrocarbons</i>)]

    %% Triggers / Conditions
    Heat4{{Heat<br/>350-400°C}}
    Pressure2{{Atmospheric Pressure}}

    %% Catalysts
    DistillationTower[Distillation Tower<br/><i>Multiple Trays</i>]

    %% Intermediates
    Vapors[(Hydrocarbon Vapors<br/><i>Mixed Fractions</i>)]
    Condensate[(Condensate<br/><i>Liquid Fractions</i>)]

    %% Products
    Gasoline[(Gasoline<br/><i>C5-C12</i>)]
    Kerosene[(Kerosene<br/><i>C12-C15</i>)]
    Diesel[(Diesel<br/><i>C15-C18</i>)]
    HeavyOil[(Heavy Oil<br/><i>C18+</i>)]
    
    %% Byproducts
    Residue[(Residue<br/><i>Asphalt/Bitumen</i>)]

    %% =====================
    %% PROCESS FLOWS
    %% =====================
    CrudeOil --> Heat4
    Heat4 --> Pressure2
    Pressure2 --> DistillationTower
    DistillationTower --> Vapors
    Vapors --> Condensate
    Condensate --> Gasoline
    Condensate --> Kerosene
    Condensate --> Diesel
    Condensate --> HeavyOil
    DistillationTower --> Residue

    %% =====================
    %% COLOR CODING (GLMP Style)
    %% =====================
    classDef trigger fill:#ffcccc,stroke:#a00,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef catalyst fill:#a3d2ca,stroke:#2b7a78,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef intermediate fill:#bbdefb,stroke:#0d47a1,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef product fill:#c8e6c9,stroke:#2e7d32,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;
    classDef waste fill:#f0e68c,stroke:#b59d00,stroke-width:2px,color:#000;

    class Heat4,Pressure2 trigger;
    class DistillationTower catalyst;
    class Vapors,Condensate intermediate;
    class Gasoline,Kerosene,Diesel,HeavyOil product;
    class Residue waste;
        </div>
        
        <div class="figure-caption">
          <strong>Figure 5.</strong> Fractional distillation demonstrates temperature-dependent separation logic and multi-stage optimization.
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <h2>Discussion</h2>
    <p>These five physical chemistry processes demonstrate the universal applicability of the Programming Framework. Each process exhibits computational logic patterns similar to biological systems:</p>

    <h3>Universal Computational Patterns</h3>
    <p><strong>Trigger Logic:</strong> Temperature, pressure, and energy inputs initiate cascading transformations<br>
    <strong>Catalytic Systems:</strong> Industrial catalysts and separation systems function as process facilitators<br>
    <strong>Intermediate Management:</strong> Multiple chemical species with sequential transformation steps<br>
    <strong>Feedback Architecture:</strong> Recycling loops, efficiency optimization, and process control<br>
    <strong>Resource Optimization:</strong> Energy management, material recovery, and waste minimization</p>

    <h3>Cross-Domain Validation</h3>
    <p>The successful application of the Programming Framework to these industrial chemical processes validates its universal nature. The same five-category classification system (triggers, catalysts, intermediates, products, byproducts) applies seamlessly across biological and chemical domains, revealing fundamental computational principles that govern complex systems regardless of their physical implementation.</p>

    <h2>Conclusion</h2>
    <p>This collection of physical chemistry examples demonstrates that the Programming Framework transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries. The universal computational patterns identified in biological systems are equally applicable to industrial chemical processes, providing a unified language for complex system analysis across all domains of science and engineering.</p>

    <div class="keywords">
      <strong>Keywords:</strong> Physical chemistry, Industrial processes, Programming Framework, Cross-disciplinary analysis, Computational logic, Chemical engineering, Process optimization, Universal patterns
    </div>
  </div>
</body>
</html>