| <!DOCTYPE html> |
| <html class="writer-html5" lang="en" > |
| <head> |
| <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> |
|
|
| <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> |
| <title>Aqueous Solutions — chemlib v1.0 documentation</title> |
| <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> |
| <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" /> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <script data-url_root="./" id="documentation_options" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> |
| <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> |
| <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> |
| <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> |
| <script src="_static/js/theme.js"></script> |
| <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" /> |
| <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" /> |
| <link rel="next" title="Electrochemistry" href="electrochemistry.html" /> |
| <link rel="prev" title="Chemical Reactions" href="reactions.html" /> |
| </head> |
|
|
| <body class="wy-body-for-nav"> |
| <div class="wy-grid-for-nav"> |
| <nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side"> |
| <div class="wy-side-scroll"> |
| <div class="wy-side-nav-search" > |
| <a href="index.html" class="icon icon-home"> chemlib |
| </a> |
| <div role="search"> |
| <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="search.html" method="get"> |
| <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search docs" /> |
| <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> |
| <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> |
| </form> |
| </div> |
| </div><div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="Navigation menu"> |
| <ul class="current"> |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="core.html">Core Data</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="compounds.html">Chemical Compounds</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="formulae.html">Empirical Formulae</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="reactions.html">Chemical Reactions</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Aqueous Solutions</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#acidity-calculation-ph-poh">Acidity Calculation (pH, pOH)</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#making-a-solution">Making a Solution</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#dilutions">Dilutions</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="electrochemistry.html">Electrochemistry</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="quantum.html">Quantum Mechanics</a></li> |
| </ul> |
|
|
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </nav> |
|
|
| <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap"><nav class="wy-nav-top" aria-label="Mobile navigation menu" > |
| <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i> |
| <a href="index.html">chemlib</a> |
| </nav> |
|
|
| <div class="wy-nav-content"> |
| <div class="rst-content"> |
| <div role="navigation" aria-label="Page navigation"> |
| <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs"> |
| <li><a href="index.html" class="icon icon-home"></a> »</li> |
| <li>Aqueous Solutions</li> |
| <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside"> |
| <a href="_sources/solution.rst.txt" rel="nofollow"> View page source</a> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <hr/> |
| </div> |
| <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> |
| <div itemprop="articleBody"> |
| |
| <section id="aqueous-solutions"> |
| <h1>Aqueous Solutions<a class="headerlink" href="#aqueous-solutions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1> |
| <section id="acidity-calculation-ph-poh"> |
| <h2>Acidity Calculation (pH, pOH)<a class="headerlink" href="#acidity-calculation-ph-poh" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> |
| <dl class="py function"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="chemlib.chemistry.pH"> |
| <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">chemlib.chemistry.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">pH</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">**</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">kwargs</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#chemlib.chemistry.pH" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt> |
| <dd><p>For any inputted pH, pOH, [H+], or [OH-], finds the corresponding values.</p> |
| <dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>kwargs</strong> – The value of the chosen input (pH=, pOH=, H=, or OH=)</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="field-even">Return type</dt> |
| <dd class="field-even"><p>dict</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </dd></dl> |
|
|
| <p>What is the pH, pOH and [OH-] given a [H+] of 1.07x10^-6 M?</p> |
| <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">chemlib</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">chemlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">H</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">1.07e-6</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="go">{'H': 1.07e-06, 'pOH': 8.029, 'pH': 5.971, 'OH': 9.354e-09, 'acidity': 'acidic'}</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>What is the pH, pOH, and [H+] given a [OH-] of 2.06x10^-3 M?</p> |
| <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">chemlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">OH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">2.06e-3</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="go">{'OH': 0.002, 'H': 5e-12, 'pOH': 2.699, 'pH': 11.301, 'acidity': 'basic'}</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>What is the pOH, [H+], and [OH-] given a pH of 5.2?</p> |
| <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">chemlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pH</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pH</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">5.2</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="go">{'pH': 5.2, 'OH': 1.585e-09, 'H': 6.309e-06, 'pOH': 8.8, 'acidity': 'acidic'}</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </section> |
| <section id="making-a-solution"> |
| <h2>Making a Solution<a class="headerlink" href="#making-a-solution" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> |
| <dl class="py class"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="chemlib.chemistry.Solution"> |
| <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span> </em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">chemlib.chemistry.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Solution</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">self</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">solute</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">molarity</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#chemlib.chemistry.Solution" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
|
|
| <p>Instantiate a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">chemlib.Solution</span></code> object with the formula of the solute, and the molarity in mol/L.</p> |
| <blockquote> |
| <div><dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">param solute (str)</dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p>The formula of the solute without using subscripts OR a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">chemlib.chemistry.Compound</span></code> object.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="field-even">param molarity (float)</dt> |
| <dd class="field-even"><p>How many moles of solute per liter of solution</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div></blockquote> |
| <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">chemlib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Solution</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">Solution</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'AgCl'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="go"><chemlib.chemistry.Solution object at 0x03F46370></span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Solution</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'AgCl'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">molarity</span> |
| <span class="go">2</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <dl class="py method"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="chemlib.chemistry.Solution.by_grams_per_liters"> |
| <em class="property"><span class="pre">classmethod</span> </em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">chemlib.chemistry.Solution.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">by_grams_per_liters</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cls</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">solute</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">grams</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">liters</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#chemlib.chemistry.Solution.by_grams_per_liters" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
|
|
| <p>OR you can make a Solution with the solute, and grams per liter.</p> |
| <blockquote> |
| <div><dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">param str solute</dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p>The formula of the solute without using subscripts OR a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">chemlib.chemistry.Compound</span></code> object.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="field-even">param float grams</dt> |
| <dd class="field-even"><p>How many grams of solute</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="field-odd">param float liters</dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p>How many liters of solution</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div></blockquote> |
| <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">chemlib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Solution</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Solution</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">by_grams_per_liters</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"NaCl"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">molarity</span> |
| <span class="go">0.1711</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </section> |
| <section id="dilutions"> |
| <h2>Dilutions<a class="headerlink" href="#dilutions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> |
| <dl class="py function"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="chemlib.chemistry.Solution.dilute"> |
| <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">chemlib.chemistry.Solution.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">dilute</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">self</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">V1</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M2</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">V2</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">inplace</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">→</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">dict</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#chemlib.chemistry.Solution.dilute" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
|
|
| <p>Using formula M1*V1 = M2*V2</p> |
| <blockquote> |
| <div><dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">param float V1</dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p>The starting volume of the solution. [Must be specified]</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="field-even">param float M2</dt> |
| <dd class="field-even"><p>The ending molarity after dilution.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="field-odd">param float V2</dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p>The ending volume after dilution</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="field-even">param bool inplace</dt> |
| <dd class="field-even"><p>You can set to true if the old molarity is to be replaced by the new molarity</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="field-odd">return</dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p>The new volume and the new molarity.</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="field-even">rtype</dt> |
| <dd class="field-even"><p>dict</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="field-odd">raises TypeError</dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><p>if a starting volume is not specified</p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="field-even">raises TypeError</dt> |
| <dd class="field-even"><p>if both M2 and V2 are specified</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </div></blockquote> |
| <p>To find the dilution of 2.5 L of 0.25M NaCl to a 0.125M NaCl solution:</p> |
| <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">chemlib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Solution</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Solution</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"NaCl"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.25</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dilute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">V1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">2.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">M2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.125</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="go">{'Solute': 'Na₁Cl₁', 'Molarity': 0.125, 'Volume': 5.0}</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </section> |
| </section> |
|
|
|
|
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <footer><div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="Footer"> |
| <a href="reactions.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-left" title="Chemical Reactions" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a> |
| <a href="electrochemistry.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Electrochemistry" accesskey="n" rel="next">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> |
| </div> |
|
|
| <hr/> |
|
|
| <div role="contentinfo"> |
| <p>© Copyright 2020, Hari Ambethkar.</p> |
| </div> |
|
|
| Built with <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a |
| <a href="https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> |
| provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>. |
| |
|
|
| </footer> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </section> |
| </div> |
| <script> |
| jQuery(function () { |
| SphinxRtdTheme.Navigation.enable(true); |
| }); |
| </script> |
|
|
| </body> |
| </html> |
