| { | |
| "crops": { | |
| "rice": { | |
| "scientific_name": "Oryza sativa", | |
| "family": "Poaceae", | |
| "season": "Kharif (June-November)", | |
| "climate": "Warm and humid climate with temperature 20-35°C", | |
| "soil": { | |
| "type": "Clay or loamy soil with good water retention", | |
| "ph": "5.5-7.0", | |
| "drainage": "Poor drainage preferred, flooded conditions" | |
| }, | |
| "water_requirement": "1500-2000mm annually, flooded fields", | |
| "fertilizer": { | |
| "npk": "120:60:40 kg/ha", | |
| "organic": "10-15 tonnes FYM per hectare", | |
| "micronutrients": "Zinc, Iron" | |
| }, | |
| "planting": { | |
| "method": "Transplanting or direct seeding", | |
| "spacing": "20cm x 15cm", | |
| "depth": "2-3cm", | |
| "seed_rate": "25-30kg/ha" | |
| }, | |
| "diseases": [ | |
| {"name": "Blast", "cause": "Pyricularia oryzae", "symptoms": "Leaf spots, neck blast", "control": "Tricyclazole spray"}, | |
| {"name": "Brown spot", "cause": "Helminthosporium oryzae", "symptoms": "Brown spots on leaves", "control": "Mancozeb application"}, | |
| {"name": "Bacterial blight", "cause": "Xanthomonas oryzae", "symptoms": "Water-soaked lesions", "control": "Copper oxychloride"} | |
| ], | |
| "pests": [ | |
| {"name": "Stem borer", "scientific": "Scirpophaga incertulas", "damage": "Dead hearts, white ears", "control": "Pheromone traps, Bt spray"}, | |
| {"name": "Brown planthopper", "scientific": "Nilaparvata lugens", "damage": "Yellowing, hopper burn", "control": "Imidacloprid seed treatment"}, | |
| {"name": "Leaf folder", "scientific": "Cnaphalocrocis medinalis", "damage": "Folded leaves", "control": "Chlorpyrifos spray"} | |
| ], | |
| "harvesting": { | |
| "time": "110-140 days after planting", | |
| "indicators": "Golden yellow grains, 80% maturity", | |
| "method": "Manual or mechanical harvesting" | |
| }, | |
| "yield": "4-6 tonnes per hectare", | |
| "storage": "Dry to 14% moisture, store in cool dry place", | |
| "nutritional_value": { | |
| "carbohydrates": "78g per 100g", | |
| "protein": "7g per 100g", | |
| "calories": "365 per 100g" | |
| }, | |
| "market_uses": ["Staple food", "Rice flour", "Rice bran oil", "Animal feed", "Rice wine"] | |
| }, | |
| "wheat": { | |
| "scientific_name": "Triticum aestivum", | |
| "family": "Poaceae", | |
| "season": "Rabi (November-April)", | |
| "climate": "Cool and dry climate, temperature 15-25°C", | |
| "soil": { | |
| "type": "Well-drained loamy soil", | |
| "ph": "6.0-7.5", | |
| "drainage": "Good drainage essential" | |
| }, | |
| "water_requirement": "450-650mm during growing season", | |
| "fertilizer": { | |
| "npk": "120:60:40 kg/ha", | |
| "organic": "8-10 tonnes FYM per hectare", | |
| "micronutrients": "Zinc, Boron" | |
| }, | |
| "planting": { | |
| "method": "Broadcasting or line sowing", | |
| "spacing": "22.5cm between rows", | |
| "depth": "3-5cm", | |
| "seed_rate": "100-125kg/ha" | |
| }, | |
| "diseases": [ | |
| {"name": "Rust", "cause": "Puccinia species", "symptoms": "Orange pustules on leaves", "control": "Propiconazole spray"}, | |
| {"name": "Smut", "cause": "Ustilago tritici", "symptoms": "Black powdery spores", "control": "Seed treatment with vitavax"}, | |
| {"name": "Bunt", "cause": "Tilletia species", "symptoms": "Fishy smell, black spores", "control": "Seed treatment"} | |
| ], | |
| "pests": [ | |
| {"name": "Aphids", "scientific": "Rhopalosiphum species", "damage": "Yellowing, stunted growth", "control": "Imidacloprid spray"}, | |
| {"name": "Termites", "scientific": "Odontotermes species", "damage": "Root damage, plant death", "control": "Chlorpyrifos soil treatment"}, | |
| {"name": "Cutworms", "scientific": "Agrotis species", "damage": "Cut seedlings at soil level", "control": "Quinalphos dust"} | |
| ], | |
| "harvesting": { | |
| "time": "110-130 days after sowing", | |
| "indicators": "Golden yellow color, hard grains", | |
| "method": "Combine harvester or manual" | |
| }, | |
| "yield": "3-5 tonnes per hectare", | |
| "storage": "Dry to 12% moisture, store in bins", | |
| "nutritional_value": { | |
| "carbohydrates": "71g per 100g", | |
| "protein": "12g per 100g", | |
| "calories": "339 per 100g" | |
| }, | |
| "market_uses": ["Flour production", "Bread making", "Pasta", "Animal feed", "Straw for construction"] | |
| }, | |
| "corn": { | |
| "scientific_name": "Zea mays", | |
| "family": "Poaceae", | |
| "season": "Kharif (June-September)", | |
| "climate": "Warm climate, temperature 21-27°C", | |
| "soil": { | |
| "type": "Well-drained fertile soil", | |
| "ph": "5.8-7.0", | |
| "drainage": "Good drainage required" | |
| }, | |
| "water_requirement": "500-800mm during growing season", | |
| "fertilizer": { | |
| "npk": "150:75:75 kg/ha", | |
| "organic": "12-15 tonnes FYM per hectare", | |
| "micronutrients": "Zinc, Manganese" | |
| }, | |
| "planting": { | |
| "method": "Line sowing", | |
| "spacing": "60cm x 20cm", | |
| "depth": "3-4cm", | |
| "seed_rate": "18-25kg/ha" | |
| }, | |
| "diseases": [ | |
| {"name": "Leaf blight", "cause": "Helminthosporium species", "symptoms": "Brown lesions on leaves", "control": "Mancozeb spray"}, | |
| {"name": "Stalk rot", "cause": "Fusarium species", "symptoms": "Rotting of stem", "control": "Crop rotation, resistant varieties"}, | |
| {"name": "Ear rot", "cause": "Fusarium species", "symptoms": "Moldy ears", "control": "Proper drying, storage"} | |
| ], | |
| "pests": [ | |
| {"name": "Corn borer", "scientific": "Ostrinia nubilalis", "damage": "Holes in stem, broken stalks", "control": "Bt corn, pheromone traps"}, | |
| {"name": "Fall armyworm", "scientific": "Spodoptera frugiperda", "damage": "Feeding on leaves and ears", "control": "Spinosad spray, Bt application"}, | |
| {"name": "Cutworms", "scientific": "Agrotis species", "damage": "Cut seedlings", "control": "Collar barriers, beneficial nematodes"} | |
| ], | |
| "harvesting": { | |
| "time": "90-120 days after planting", | |
| "indicators": "Brown silks, hard kernels", | |
| "method": "Hand picking or mechanical harvester" | |
| }, | |
| "yield": "5-8 tonnes per hectare", | |
| "storage": "Dry to 14% moisture, store in ventilated bins", | |
| "nutritional_value": { | |
| "carbohydrates": "74g per 100g", | |
| "protein": "9g per 100g", | |
| "calories": "365 per 100g" | |
| }, | |
| "market_uses": ["Fresh consumption", "Animal feed", "Corn flour", "Corn oil", "Biofuel", "High fructose corn syrup"] | |
| }, | |
| "tomato": { | |
| "scientific_name": "Solanum lycopersicum", | |
| "family": "Solanaceae", | |
| "season": "Year-round with proper care", | |
| "climate": "Warm climate, temperature 20-30°C", | |
| "soil": { | |
| "type": "Well-drained sandy loam soil", | |
| "ph": "6.0-6.8", | |
| "drainage": "Good drainage essential" | |
| }, | |
| "water_requirement": "400-600mm, regular watering needed", | |
| "fertilizer": { | |
| "npk": "100:50:50 kg/ha", | |
| "organic": "20-25 tonnes FYM per hectare", | |
| "micronutrients": "Calcium, Magnesium, Boron" | |
| }, | |
| "planting": { | |
| "method": "Transplanting seedlings", | |
| "spacing": "60cm x 45cm", | |
| "depth": "1cm for seeds", | |
| "seed_rate": "200-250g/ha" | |
| }, | |
| "diseases": [ | |
| {"name": "Late blight", "cause": "Phytophthora infestans", "symptoms": "Brown patches on leaves", "control": "Metalaxyl + Mancozeb"}, | |
| {"name": "Early blight", "cause": "Alternaria solani", "symptoms": "Concentric rings on leaves", "control": "Chlorothalonil spray"}, | |
| {"name": "Bacterial wilt", "cause": "Ralstonia solanacearum", "symptoms": "Wilting, yellowing", "control": "Resistant varieties, soil solarization"} | |
| ], | |
| "pests": [ | |
| {"name": "Whitefly", "scientific": "Bemisia tabaci", "damage": "Yellowing, virus transmission", "control": "Yellow sticky traps, neem oil"}, | |
| {"name": "Aphids", "scientific": "Aphis gossypii", "damage": "Curling leaves, honeydew", "control": "Ladybugs, insecticidal soap"}, | |
| {"name": "Fruit borer", "scientific": "Helicoverpa armigera", "damage": "Holes in fruits", "control": "Bt spray, NPV application"} | |
| ], | |
| "harvesting": { | |
| "time": "70-90 days after transplanting", | |
| "indicators": "Color change, slight softness", | |
| "method": "Hand picking when mature" | |
| }, | |
| "yield": "25-40 tonnes per hectare", | |
| "storage": "Cool storage at 12-15°C, 85-90% humidity", | |
| "nutritional_value": { | |
| "carbohydrates": "4g per 100g", | |
| "protein": "1g per 100g", | |
| "calories": "18 per 100g", | |
| "vitamin_c": "23mg per 100g" | |
| }, | |
| "market_uses": ["Fresh consumption", "Tomato sauce", "Paste", "Juice", "Soup", "Canning", "Ketchup"] | |
| }, | |
| "potato": { | |
| "scientific_name": "Solanum tuberosum", | |
| "family": "Solanaceae", | |
| "season": "Rabi (October-February)", | |
| "climate": "Cool climate, temperature 15-25°C", | |
| "soil": { | |
| "type": "Well-drained sandy loam soil", | |
| "ph": "5.0-6.5", | |
| "drainage": "Excellent drainage required" | |
| }, | |
| "water_requirement": "400-500mm during growing season", | |
| "fertilizer": { | |
| "npk": "180:80:100 kg/ha", | |
| "organic": "25-30 tonnes FYM per hectare", | |
| "micronutrients": "Potassium, Magnesium" | |
| }, | |
| "planting": { | |
| "method": "Planting tubers", | |
| "spacing": "60cm x 20cm", | |
| "depth": "5-7cm", | |
| "seed_rate": "2-2.5 tonnes/ha" | |
| }, | |
| "diseases": [ | |
| {"name": "Late blight", "cause": "Phytophthora infestans", "symptoms": "Brown patches, tuber rot", "control": "Ridomil Gold spray"}, | |
| {"name": "Early blight", "cause": "Alternaria solani", "symptoms": "Dark spots with rings", "control": "Mancozeb application"}, | |
| {"name": "Black scurf", "cause": "Rhizoctonia solani", "symptoms": "Black sclerotia on tubers", "control": "Seed treatment, crop rotation"} | |
| ], | |
| "pests": [ | |
| {"name": "Colorado beetle", "scientific": "Leptinotarsa decemlineata", "damage": "Defoliation", "control": "Spinosad spray, hand picking"}, | |
| {"name": "Aphids", "scientific": "Myzus persicae", "damage": "Virus transmission", "control": "Reflective mulch, predatory insects"}, | |
| {"name": "Cutworms", "scientific": "Agrotis species", "damage": "Cut plants at soil level", "control": "Soil treatment, collar protection"} | |
| ], | |
| "harvesting": { | |
| "time": "90-120 days after planting", | |
| "indicators": "Yellowing of foliage", | |
| "method": "Mechanical or manual digging" | |
| }, | |
| "yield": "20-35 tonnes per hectare", | |
| "storage": "Dark, cool (2-4°C), well-ventilated storage", | |
| "nutritional_value": { | |
| "carbohydrates": "17g per 100g", | |
| "protein": "2g per 100g", | |
| "calories": "77 per 100g", | |
| "vitamin_c": "20mg per 100g" | |
| }, | |
| "market_uses": ["Fresh consumption", "French fries", "Chips", "Starch production", "Alcohol production", "Animal feed"] | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "farming_techniques": { | |
| "organic_farming": { | |
| "definition": "Farming without synthetic chemicals", | |
| "principles": ["Soil health", "Biodiversity", "Natural pest control", "Crop rotation"], | |
| "benefits": ["Environmental safety", "Better soil health", "Higher prices", "Sustainable"], | |
| "challenges": ["Lower initial yields", "Certification costs", "Labor intensive"], | |
| "practices": [ | |
| "Composting", "Green manuring", "Biological pest control", "Crop diversification" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "precision_agriculture": { | |
| "definition": "Technology-driven farming approach", | |
| "technologies": ["GPS", "Sensors", "Drones", "Satellite imagery", "Variable rate application"], | |
| "benefits": ["Increased efficiency", "Reduced input costs", "Better yields", "Environmental protection"], | |
| "applications": ["Soil mapping", "Yield monitoring", "Pest detection", "Irrigation management"] | |
| }, | |
| "crop_rotation": { | |
| "definition": "Growing different crops in succession", | |
| "benefits": ["Soil fertility", "Pest control", "Disease prevention", "Yield improvement"], | |
| "common_rotations": [ | |
| "Rice-Wheat", "Corn-Soybean", "Potato-Cabbage", "Tomato-Onion" | |
| ], | |
| "principles": ["Different nutrient requirements", "Breaking pest cycles", "Nitrogen fixation"] | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "soil_management": { | |
| "soil_types": { | |
| "clay": { | |
| "characteristics": "Heavy, poor drainage, high water retention", | |
| "suitable_crops": ["Rice", "Sugarcane", "Cotton"], | |
| "management": ["Add organic matter", "Improve drainage", "Avoid compaction"] | |
| }, | |
| "sandy": { | |
| "characteristics": "Light, good drainage, low water retention", | |
| "suitable_crops": ["Groundnut", "Watermelon", "Carrots"], | |
| "management": ["Add organic matter", "Frequent irrigation", "Mulching"] | |
| }, | |
| "loamy": { | |
| "characteristics": "Balanced texture, good drainage and retention", | |
| "suitable_crops": ["Most crops", "Wheat", "Corn", "Vegetables"], | |
| "management": ["Maintain organic matter", "Regular testing", "Crop rotation"] | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ph_management": { | |
| "acidic_soils": { | |
| "ph_range": "Below 6.0", | |
| "problems": ["Aluminum toxicity", "Poor nutrient availability"], | |
| "correction": ["Lime application", "Organic matter addition"], | |
| "suitable_crops": ["Blueberries", "Azaleas", "Potatoes"] | |
| }, | |
| "alkaline_soils": { | |
| "ph_range": "Above 8.0", | |
| "problems": ["Iron deficiency", "Poor phosphorus availability"], | |
| "correction": ["Sulfur application", "Organic matter", "Gypsum"], | |
| "suitable_crops": ["Asparagus", "Spinach", "Beets"] | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "pest_management": { | |
| "integrated_pest_management": { | |
| "definition": "Holistic approach to pest control", | |
| "components": ["Prevention", "Monitoring", "Biological control", "Chemical control"], | |
| "benefits": ["Reduced pesticide use", "Cost effective", "Environmental safety", "Sustainable"] | |
| }, | |
| "biological_control": { | |
| "predators": [ | |
| {"name": "Ladybugs", "target": "Aphids, scales", "usage": "Release in infested areas"}, | |
| {"name": "Parasitic wasps", "target": "Caterpillars, aphids", "usage": "Natural occurrence, habitat provision"}, | |
| {"name": "Predatory mites", "target": "Spider mites, thrips", "usage": "Release on affected plants"} | |
| ], | |
| "pathogens": [ | |
| {"name": "Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis)", "target": "Caterpillars", "usage": "Spray application"}, | |
| {"name": "NPV (Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus)", "target": "Bollworm", "usage": "Spray during evening"}, | |
| {"name": "Trichoderma", "target": "Soil-borne diseases", "usage": "Soil application"} | |
| ] | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "weather_farming": { | |
| "monsoon_farming": { | |
| "crops": ["Rice", "Cotton", "Sugarcane", "Pulses"], | |
| "practices": ["Water harvesting", "Drainage management", "Disease monitoring"], | |
| "challenges": ["Flooding", "Pest outbreaks", "Nutrient leaching"] | |
| }, | |
| "drought_management": { | |
| "strategies": ["Drought-resistant varieties", "Mulching", "Drip irrigation", "Rainwater harvesting"], | |
| "crops": ["Millets", "Sorghum", "Chickpea", "Sunflower"], | |
| "practices": ["Deep plowing", "Organic matter addition", "Crop insurance"] | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |