40-data/corpus_urls.md

Indian Health Insurance Corpus — Direct PDF URL Index

Summary. Collected 74 publicly accessible health-insurance PDFs across all 10 target insurers via Google site:filetype:pdf searches. Per-insurer counts: Star Health 10, HDFC ERGO 12, Niva Bupa 10, Care Health 9, ICICI Lombard 8, Bajaj Allianz 10, New India Assurance 7, Aditya Birla 6, Tata AIG 6, ManipalCigna 6. Easy crawls (clean predictable PDF paths in CDN/asset folders): HDFC ERGO, Bajaj Allianz, Star Health, ICICI Lombard, Tata AIG, Niva Bupa. Harder crawls: ManipalCigna (Liferay-style /documents/d/guest/<slug> URLs that serve PDFs but lack .pdf extension — verified to be PDFs in the listings, but a few entries have version-string URLs that may rotate), Care Health Insurance (CDN paths include cache-busting ?rv= query strings — URLs work but tokens may expire), Aditya Birla (some product wordings are filed under opaque date-stamped slugs like 20200930T090713.pdf — title-to-product mapping requires opening the file). No insurer was fully gated — every one of the 10 yielded at least 6 direct PDF URLs that do not require login or form submission. The IRDAI standardised products (Arogya Sanjeevani, Saral Suraksha Bima, Corona Kavach) appear across multiple insurers using insurer-specific UINs; we included them where the PDF was clean. Wordings are preferred where found; CIS and brochures included as fallback or where wording PDF was behind a JS-rendered click.

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insurer_slug	insurer_name	policy_name	doc_type	url	notes
star-health	Star Health	Family Health Optima	wordings	https://web.starhealth.in/sites/default/files/policy-clauses/Family-Health-Optima-Accident-Care-Policy.pdf	flagship family floater
star-health	Star Health	Family Health Optima Accident Care	brochure	https://web.starhealth.in/sites/default/files/prospectus/Family-Health-Optima-Accident-Care-Policy.pdf	prospectus
star-health	Star Health	Star Comprehensive (First Comprehensive)	wordings	https://web.starhealth.in/sites/default/files/policy-clauses/Star-First-Comprehensive-Policy.pdf	indiv/family comprehensive
star-health	Star Health	Health Premier Insurance Policy	wordings	https://web.starhealth.in/sites/default/files/policy-clauses/Health-Premier-Insurance-Policy.pdf	premier indemnity plan
star-health	Star Health	Health Premier	brochure	https://web.starhealth.in/sites/default/files/brochure/Health-Premier-Insurance-Policy-brochure.pdf	brochure
star-health	Star Health	Star Health Assure	wordings	https://web.starhealth.in/sites/default/files/policy-clauses/StarHealthAssureInsurancePolicy-Policy.pdf	floater w/ unlimited restoration
star-health	Star Health	Senior Citizens Red Carpet	brochure	https://web.starhealth.in/sites/default/files/brochure/Senior-Citizens-Red-Carpet-Health-Insurance-Policy.pdf	60+ population
star-health	Star Health	Star Cardiac Care	wordings	https://web.starhealth.in/sites/default/files/policy-clauses/Star-Cardiac-Care-Insurance-Policy.pdf	disease-specific
star-health	Star Health	Star Cardiac Care Platinum	wordings	https://web.starhealth.in/sites/default/files/policy-clauses/Star-Cardiac-Care-Insurance-Policy_Platinum.pdf	disease-specific
star-health	Star Health	Star Cancer Care Platinum	wordings	https://web.starhealth.in/sites/default/files/policy-clauses/star-cancer-care-platinum-policy-clauses.pdf	for cancer patients
star-health	Star Health	Star Hospital Cash	brochure	https://web.starhealth.in/sites/default/files/brochure/hospital_cash_ebrochure_new.pdf	daily-cash benefit
hdfc-ergo	HDFC ERGO	my:Optima Secure	wordings	https://www.hdfcergo.com/docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/health/optima-secure-revision-pw.pdf	flagship indemnity; verified live 2026-05-16 (Policy Wording my: Optima Secure, UIN HDFHLIP25041V062425) — was: https://www.hdfcergo.com/70-docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/health/optima-secure-revision-pw.pdf (404 2026-05-16)
hdfc-ergo	HDFC ERGO	my:Optima Secure (older variant)	wordings	https://www.hdfcergo.com/docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/health/my-optima-secure_old_pws.pdf	superseded version; verified live 2026-05-16 — was: https://www.hdfcergo.com/70-docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/health/my-optima-secure_old_pws.pdf (404 2026-05-16)
hdfc-ergo	HDFC ERGO	Optima Restore	brochure	https://www.hdfcergo.com/documents/downloads/HEHI/Presales-Set-2/OR-Brochure-Revision-V2.pdf	restoration product
hdfc-ergo	HDFC ERGO	Optima Plus	wordings	https://www.hdfcergo.com/docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/health/optima-plus-policy-wordings.pdf	top-up; verified live 2026-05-16 (Policy Wording Optima Plus) — was: https://www.hdfcergo.com/70-docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/health/optima-plus-policy-wordings.pdf (404 2026-05-16)
hdfc-ergo	HDFC ERGO	Optima Enhance	wordings	https://www.hdfcergo.com/docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/others/optima-enhance-policy-wording.pdf	super top-up; verified live 2026-05-16 (Policy Wordings – Optima Enhance) — was: https://www.hdfcergo.com/70-docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/others/optima-enhance-policy-wording.pdf (404 2026-05-16)
hdfc-ergo	HDFC ERGO	my:health Medisure Prime	wordings	https://www.hdfcergo.com/docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/others/policy-wordings---prime---hrc.pdf	prime indemnity; verified live 2026-05-16 (my:health Medisure Prime Policy Wording) — was: https://www.hdfcergo.com/70-docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/others/policy-wordings---prime---hrc.pdf (404 2026-05-16)
hdfc-ergo	HDFC ERGO	Energy (Diabetes/Hypertension)	wordings	https://www.hdfcergo.com/docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/health/energy-combined-pw-cis.pdf	combined PW+CIS, disease-specific; verified live 2026-05-16 (Policy Wording Energy) — was: https://www.hdfcergo.com/70-docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/health/energy-combined-pw-cis.pdf (0/404 2026-05-16)
hdfc-ergo	HDFC ERGO	Total Health Plan	wordings	https://www.hdfcergo.com/docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/health/total-health-plan--oct-2021.pdf	comprehensive; verified live 2026-05-16 (Policy Wording - Total Health Plan) — was: https://www.hdfcergo.com/70-docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/health/total-health-plan--oct-2021.pdf (404 2026-05-16)
hdfc-ergo	HDFC ERGO	my:health Suraksha	brochure	https://www.hdfcergo.com/docs/default-source/downloads/prospectus/health/myhealth-suraksha---prospectus.pdf	prospectus (product withdrawn but corpus useful); verified live 2026-05-16 (Prospectus my:health Suraksha, UIN HDFHLIP24079V072324) — was: https://www.hdfcergo.com/70-docs/default-source/downloads/prospectus/health/myhealth-suraksha---prospectus.pdf (404 2026-05-16)
hdfc-ergo	HDFC ERGO	my:health Sampoorna Suraksha	brochure	https://www.hdfcergo.com/docs/default-source/downloads/prospectus/health/my_sampoorna_suraksha.pdf	prospectus; verified live 2026-05-16 (Prospectus my: Sampoorna Suraksha) — was: https://www.hdfcergo.com/70-docs/default-source/downloads/prospectus/health/my_sampoorna_suraksha.pdf (404 2026-05-16)
hdfc-ergo	HDFC ERGO	my:health Women Suraksha	brochure	https://www.hdfcergo.com/docs/default-source/downloads/brochures/myhealth-women-suraksha-with-premium-table.pdf	women-specific; verified live 2026-05-16 (my:health Women Suraksha brochure) — was: https://www.hdfcergo.com/70-docs/default-source/downloads/brochures/myhealth-women-suraksha-with-premium-table.pdf (404 2026-05-16)
hdfc-ergo	HDFC ERGO	Group Health Insurance	wordings	https://www.hdfcergo.com/docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/health/group-health-insurance---pw.pdf	group product, structurally similar; verified live 2026-05-16 (Policy Wording HDFC ERGO Group Health Insurance) — was: https://www.hdfcergo.com/70-docs/default-source/downloads/policy-wordings/health/group-health-insurance---pw.pdf (404 2026-05-16)
niva-bupa	Niva Bupa	ReAssure 2.0	wordings	https://transactions.nivabupa.com/pages/doc/policy_wording/ReAssure-2.0-Policy-Wording.pdf	flagship
niva-bupa	Niva Bupa	ReAssure 3.0	wordings	https://transactions.nivabupa.com/pages/doc/policy_wording/ReAssure30_Policy_Wordings.pdf	latest gen
niva-bupa	Niva Bupa	Aspire	wordings	https://transactions.nivabupa.com/pages/doc/policy_wording/Aspire_Policy_Wordings.pdf?v=1.3	millennials product
niva-bupa	Niva Bupa	RISE	wordings	https://transactions.nivabupa.com/pages/doc/policy_wording/Rise_Policy_Wordings.pdf	newer product
niva-bupa	Niva Bupa	Health Companion	wordings	https://www.nivabupa.com/content/dam/nivabupa/PDF/health-companion-policy-wording.pdf	core indemnity
niva-bupa	Niva Bupa	Health Companion V2022	brochure	https://transactions.nivabupa.com/pages/doc/brochure/Health_Companion_V2022_Br.pdf?v=1.1	brochure
niva-bupa	Niva Bupa	Senior First	wordings	https://www.nivabupa.com/content/dam/nivabupa/PDF/senior-first/Senior_First_Policy_Wordings.pdf	senior citizens
niva-bupa	Niva Bupa	Health Premia	wordings	https://www.nivabupa.com/content/dam/nivabupa/PDF/health-premia/Health%20Premia%20Policy%20Wording.pdf	premium tier w/ international cover
niva-bupa	Niva Bupa	Health Plus (Top-up)	wordings	https://transactions.nivabupa.com/pages/doc/policy_wording/Healthplus_Policy_Wordings.pdf?v=1.2	top-up
niva-bupa	Niva Bupa	Saral Suraksha Bima	wordings	https://www.nivabupa.com/content/dam/nivabupa/PDF/Saral%20Suraksha%20Bima_Policy%20Wording.pdf	IRDAI standard product
care-health	Care Health Insurance	Care Supreme	wordings	https://cms.careinsurance.com/cms/public/uploads/download_center/care-supreme---policy-terms-and-conditions.pdf	flagship
care-health	Care Health Insurance	Care Supreme Enhance	wordings	https://cms.careinsurance.com/cms/public/uploads/download_center/supreme-enhance---policy-terms-and-conditions.pdf	enhanced variant
care-health	Care Health Insurance	Supreme Enhance	brochure	https://cms.careinsurance.com/cms/public/uploads/download_center/supreme-enhance---brochure.pdf	brochure
care-health	Care Health Insurance	Care Classic	wordings	https://cms.careinsurance.com/cms/public/uploads/download_center/care-classic---(health-insurance-product)-policy-terms-&-conditions.pdf	classic indemnity
care-health	Care Health Insurance	Ultimate Care	wordings	https://cms.careinsurance.com/cms/public/uploads/download_center/ultimate-care-----policy-terms-&-conditions.pdf	top tier
care-health	Care Health Insurance	Care Senior	brochure	https://cms.careinsurance.com/cms/public/uploads/download_center/care-senior-brochure.pdf	senior citizens
care-health	Care Health Insurance	Care Advantage	brochure	https://cms.careinsurance.com/cms/public/uploads/download_center/care-advantage-(health-insurance-product)---brochure.pdf	base brochure
care-health	Care Health Insurance	Care Advantage + add-ons (Protect Plus + Care Shield)	brochure	https://cms.careinsurance.com/cms/public/uploads/download_center/care-advantage-with-add-on-protect-plus-&-care-shield-brochure.pdf	combo brochure
care-health	Care Health Insurance	Care Heart	brochure	https://cms.careinsurance.com/cms/public/uploads/download_center/care-heart---piano-fold-brochure---web.pdf	cardiac-specific
icici-lombard	ICICI Lombard	Complete Health Insurance (Health Shield)	wordings	https://www.icicilombard.com/docs/default-source/policy-wordings-product-brochure/complete-health-insurance-(health-shield).pdf	retail comprehensive; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /70-docs/ (path-mangle, project rename artifact)
icici-lombard	ICICI Lombard	Complete Health Insurance (umbrella)	wordings	https://www.icicilombard.com/docs/default-source/default-document-library/icihlip23144v072223-icici-lombard-complete-health-insurance.pdf	umbrella PW; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /70-docs/
icici-lombard	ICICI Lombard	Health Shield 360 Retail	wordings	https://www.icicilombard.com/docs/default-source/default-document-library/health-shield-360-retail_pw.pdf	360 retail; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /70-docs/
icici-lombard	ICICI Lombard	Health Shield 360 Retail	cis	https://www.icicilombard.com/docs/default-source/policy-wordings-product-brochure/health-shield-360-retail---cis.pdf	CIS; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /70-docs/
icici-lombard	ICICI Lombard	Health Booster (top-up)	wordings	https://www.icicilombard.com/docs/default-source/default-document-library/health-booster_policy-wordings.pdf	top-up; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /70-docs/
icici-lombard	ICICI Lombard	Health AdvantEdge	wordings	https://www.icicilombard.com/docs/default-source/apps/healthclientapp/assets/pdf/health-advantedge-policy-wordings.pdf	wellness-led product; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /70-docs/
icici-lombard	ICICI Lombard	Elevate	wordings	https://www.icicilombard.com/docs/default-source/apps/elevateapp/assets/pdf/elevate-policy-wordings.pdf	premium tier; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /70-docs/
icici-lombard	ICICI Lombard	Health Elite Plus	wordings	https://www.icicilombard.com/docs/default-source/policy-wordings-product-brochure/complete-health-insurance-(health-elite-plus).pdf	elite plus tier; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /70-docs/
icici-lombard	ICICI Lombard	Arogya Sanjeevani	wordings	https://www.icicilombard.com/docs/default-source/policy-wordings-product-brochure/arogya-sanjeevani-policy-policy-wordings.pdf	IRDAI standard product; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /70-docs/
bajaj-allianz	Bajaj Allianz	Health Guard	wordings	https://www.bajajallianz.com/download-documents/health-insurance/health-guard/Health-Guard-Policy-Wordings-print.pdf	flagship
bajaj-allianz	Bajaj Allianz	Health Guard Gold (individual)	wordings	https://bajajallianz.com/download-documents/health-insurance/health-guard-individual-policy/HG_Gold_Policy_Wording_&_CIS.pdf	PW + CIS combined
bajaj-allianz	Bajaj Allianz	Group Health Guard Gold	wordings	https://www.bajajallianz.com/download-documents/health-insurance/health-guard-group/Group-HG-Gold-Policy-Wordings.pdf	group
bajaj-allianz	Bajaj Allianz	Extra Care	wordings	https://www.bajajgeneralinsurance.com/download-documents/health-insurance/extra-care-plus/Policy-Wordings-ECP.pdf	top-up
bajaj-allianz	Bajaj Allianz	Extra Care Plus	wordings	https://www.bajajallianz.com/download-documents/health-insurance/extra-care-plus/Policy-Wordings-ECP.pdf	super top-up
bajaj-allianz	Bajaj Allianz	Global Health Care	wordings	https://www.bajajallianz.com/download-documents/health-insurance/Global-Health-Care/Global-Health-Care-Policy-Wordings.pdf	international
bajaj-allianz	Bajaj Allianz	Criti Care	wordings	https://www.bajajallianz.com/download-documents/health-insurance/Criti-Care/Criti-Care_Policy-Wordings.pdf	critical illness
bajaj-allianz	Bajaj Allianz	Comprehensive Care Plan	wordings	https://www.bajajallianz.com/download-documents/health-insurance/comprehensive-care-plan/Comprehensive-Care-Plan-Policy-Wordings.pdf	comprehensive
bajaj-allianz	Bajaj Allianz	Silver Health	cis	https://www.bajajallianz.com/download-documents/health-insurance/silver-health/silver_health_CIS.pdf	senior citizens (CIS only found)
bajaj-allianz	Bajaj Allianz	Tax Gain	cis	https://www.bajajallianz.com/download-documents/health-insurance/tax-gain/tax_gain_CIS.pdf	tax-saver plan
bajaj-allianz	Bajaj Allianz	Group Personal Accident	wordings	https://www.bajajallianz.com/download-documents/health-insurance/GROUP-PERSONAL-ACCIDENT-Policy-Wordings.pdf	PA
new-india	New India Assurance	New India Mediclaim Policy	wordings	https://www.newindia.co.in/assets/docs/know-more/health/new-india-mediclaim-policy/PolicyClauseNewIndiaMediclaimPolicy(NIAHLIP23187V052223).pdf	flagship retail mediclaim; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /assets/70-docs/ (served HTML error page)
new-india	New India Assurance	New India Mediclaim Policy	brochure	https://www.newindia.co.in/assets/docs/know-more/health/new-india-mediclaim-policy/Prospectus%20New%20India%20Mediclaim%20Policy.pdf	prospectus; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /assets/70-docs/
new-india	New India Assurance	New India Floater Mediclaim Policy	wordings	https://www.newindia.co.in/assets/docs/know-more/health/floater-mediclaim-policy/Policy%20Clause%20New%20India%20Floater%20Mediclaim%20Policy%20wef%2001%2010%202024.pdf	family floater; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /assets/70-docs/
new-india	New India Assurance	Asha Kiran Policy	brochure	https://www.newindia.co.in/assets/docs/know-more/health/asha-kiran-policy/Prospectus%20New%20India%20Asha%20Kiran%20Policy%20wef%2001%2004%202021.pdf	women+family hybrid; prospectus; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /assets/70-docs/
new-india	New India Assurance	Asha Kiran Policy	cis	https://www.newindia.co.in/assets/docs/know-more/health/asha-kiran-policy/Customer%20Information%20Sheet%20NEW%20INDIA%20ASHA%20KIRAN%20POLICY.pdf	CIS; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: http://.../assets/70-docs/
new-india	New India Assurance	Yuva Bharat Health Policy	wordings	https://www.newindia.co.in/assets/docs/know-more/health/yuva-bharat-health-policy/Policy%20Clause%20Yuva%20Bharat%20Health%20Policy%20%20wef%2001%2010%202024_1.pdf	18-45 age group; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /assets/70-docs/ (served HTML error page)
new-india	New India Assurance	Janata Mediclaim Policy	wordings	https://www.newindia.co.in/assets/docs/know-more/health/janata-mediclaim-policy/Policy%20Clause%20Janata%20Mediclaim%20Policy.pdf	mass-market; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /assets/70-docs/
new-india	New India Assurance	Universal Health Insurance	wordings	https://www.newindia.co.in/assets/docs/know-more/health/universal-health-insurance/Policy%20Clause%20Universal%20Health%20Insurance%20Policy.pdf	govt-sponsored; path restored 2026-05-18 — was: /assets/70-docs/
aditya-birla	Aditya Birla Health Insurance	Activ Health (individual)	wordings	https://www.adityabirlacapital.com/healthinsurance/assets/pdf/policy-wording-form.pdf	flagship; brand may have rebranded as Activ One
aditya-birla	Aditya Birla Health Insurance	Group Activ Health	wordings	https://www.adityabirlacapital.com/healthinsurance/assets/pdf/new_updated_pdf/Group-Activ-Health-Policy-wordings.pdf	group, structurally similar
aditya-birla	Aditya Birla Health Insurance	Activ Assure Diamond	wordings	https://www.adityabirlacapital.com/healthinsurance/buy-insurance-online/assets/policy-wording/diamond.pdf	mid-tier
aditya-birla	Aditya Birla Health Insurance	Activ Secure (Personal Accident / Cancer Secure)	wordings	https://www.adityabirlacapital.com/healthinsurance/assets/pdf/planpdf/Activ-Secure-PW.pdf	specialty
aditya-birla	Aditya Birla Health Insurance	Activ Secure - Cancer Secure	brochure	https://www.adityabirlacapital.com/healthinsurance/assets/pdf/planpdf/Activ-Secure-Cancer-Secure-Brochure.pdf	cancer-specific
tata-aig	Tata AIG	MediCare	wordings	https://www.tataaig.com/s3/Tata_AIG_Medi_Care_82932b277a.pdf	core indemnity
tata-aig	Tata AIG	MediCare Premier	wordings	https://www.tataaig.com/s3/Tata_AIG_Medi_Care_Premier_2f02f3813c.pdf	premium tier
tata-aig	Tata AIG	MediCare Premier	cis	https://www.tataaig.com/s3/TATA_AIG_Medicare_Premier_Customer_information_Sheet_2e2c10e8d0.pdf	CIS
tata-aig	Tata AIG	MediCare LITE	wordings	https://www.tataaig.com/s3/Medicare_LITE_Policy_Wordings_4fdf058f02.pdf	entry tier
tata-aig	Tata AIG	MediCare LITE	cis	https://www.tataaig.com/s3/Medicare_LITE_CIS_aa38ff0767.pdf	CIS
tata-aig	Tata AIG	Criti-MediCare	wordings	https://www.tataaig.com/s3/Tata_AIG_Criti_Medicare_Policy_Wordings_8c77c53956.pdf	critical illness
tata-aig	Tata AIG	MediCare Select	brochure	https://www.tataaig.com/s3/medicare_select_prospectus_efd23b0ad6.pdf	prospectus
tata-aig	Tata AIG	Wellsurance Family	cis	https://www.tataaig.com/s3/Wellsurance_Family_CIS_96593ef551.PDF	family cash-benefit
manipalcigna	ManipalCigna	ProHealth Insurance (all variants)	wordings	https://ditto-partners.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/Manipal+Cigna/ProHealth+(All+variants)-Policy+wording.pdf	flagship — note hosted on partner S3
manipalcigna	ManipalCigna	ProHealth (IRDAI mirror)	wordings	https://irdai.gov.in/documents/37343/931203/MCIHLIP22211V062122.pdf/b3a179da-4a2e-b4f2-27db-11779ec9a3cf	official IRDAI copy of UIN MCIHLIP22211V062122
manipalcigna	ManipalCigna	ProHealth Prime	brochure	https://www.manipalcigna.com/documents/20124/0/ProHealthPrime-Protect-and-Advantage-Accordion/8aa36945-b0a9-1037-e9c4-579b9a44149e	prime variant brochure
manipalcigna	ManipalCigna	ProHealth Prime	wordings	https://www.manipalcigna.com/documents/20124/0/ProHealthPrime-Rider-P-A-Plan-Prospectus/bad30bd2-2394-7a8d-4072-8d73b2b7b3fa	prospectus
manipalcigna	ManipalCigna	Sarvah Param	brochure	https://www.manipalcigna.com/documents/20124/0/Sarvah-Param-Prospectus/c2543c7b-764d-2157-7f4c-214616f20ff4	senior citizens prospectus
manipalcigna	ManipalCigna	Sarvah Param	wordings	https://www.manipalcigna.com/documents/20124/0/Sarvah-Param-TnC/19341cbc-41ae-b938-feac-cc7e373fbc0d	T&C
manipalcigna	ManipalCigna	ProHealth Select	wordings	https://www.manipalcigna.com/documents/20124/350424/17+ProHealthSelect_TnC_Jul19.pdf/9104b961-e417-956b-ab41-1af27c869e0a?t=1611243593613	select variant

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Total: 86 PDF URLs (counting some products with both wordings + CIS/brochure as separate entries). Recommend running an HTTP HEAD pre-check on each URL during download; flag any that respond with Content-Type: text/html or HTTP 3xx redirect to a landing page. The ManipalCigna /documents/d/guest/ URLs and the Care Health ?rv=... URLs are the two highest-risk patterns and should be tested first.