src/README.md

��=؀� Mini-Compiler: Lexical to Target Code Generation
A lightweight, end-to-end compiler designed to demonstrate the core phases of compiler construction. This project transforms a custom high-level syntax into Three Address Code (TAC) and eventually into Simple Assembly (ASM).

=��� Key Features
1. Scoped Symbol Table
Unlike a flat dictionary, this compiler uses a Stack-based Symbol Table to handle nested blocks {}.

Variable Visibility: Inner scopes can access parent variables.

Automatic Cleanup: Local variables are "popped" and destroyed when a block ends, preventing memory leaks.

Shadowing: Supports declaring the same variable name in different scopes.

2. Code Optimization (Constant Folding)
To improve performance, the compiler performs Compile-Time Evaluation.

Example: int x = 10 + 20 * 2; is automatically simplified to x = 50 in the TAC phase, reducing CPU overhead during execution.

3. Multi-Stage Output
The compiler provides full transparency by showing the transformation of code:

TAC: Machine-independent intermediate representation.

Simple ASM: Accumulator-based assembly instructions (LOAD, STORE, MUL, ADD).

<��� Compiler Pipeline
The compiler follows a structured 6-phase pipeline:

Lexical Analysis: Tokenizes the input string.

Syntax Analysis: Builds an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) while enforcing grammar.

Semantic Analysis: Manages the Scoped Symbol Table and checks for "Undeclared Variable" errors.

Optimization: Performs Constant Folding on the AST.

Intermediate Code Generation (ICG): Produces Three Address Code (TAC).

Code Generation: Produces Target Assembly.

=ػ� Usage & Examples
Nested Scope Test
Input:

C++
{
    int a = 10;
    {
        int b = 20;
        print(a + b);
    }
    print(b); // This will trigger a Semantic Error
}
Optimization Test
Input:

C++
int result = 5 * 10 + 2;
Output (TAC):

Plaintext
result = 52
=��� Technical Details
Architecture: Accumulator-based.

Language: Python (or your specific language).

Error Handling: Detects Syntax Errors (missing semicolons/assignments) and Semantic Errors (scope violations).

<ؓ� Author
Tareque Rahman

4th Year, CSE

Sylhet International University (SIU)