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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
al_masudi_s45_batch_04.py โ€” Session 45, Batch 04: Volume 1 remaining sections.
China trade, India/Sind, Maghreb, Tibet, Caucasus peoples, Kashk textiles.
Source: al-Maktaba al-Asriyya, Beirut, Vol. 1
"""
import sys
import os
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
from amr_al_masudi import w, track, report
V1 = "ASRIYYA_BEIRUT"
# โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•
# CHINA TRADE (pp.103-110)
# โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•
track(w(
arabic="ุฐูƒุฑ ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชุฑูƒ ูˆุชูุฑู‚ ูˆู„ุฏ ุนุงุจูˆุฑ ูˆุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู…ุง ู„ุญู‚ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุงุจ",
gloss="SECTION: Kings of al-Sin and al-Turk, dispersal of the children of Abur, and accounts of al-Sin",
page=103, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="HEADING", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุชุฑูƒ",
keywords="al-Sin|ุงู„ุตูŠู†|al-Turk|ุงู„ุชุฑูƒ|Abur|ุนุงุจูˆุฑ|section",
))
track(w(
arabic="ุงู„ุฏูŠู„ู… ูˆุงู„ุฌูŠู„ ูˆุงู„ุทูŠู„ุณุงู† ูˆุงู„ุชู† ูˆุฃู‚ุฑุบู†ุง ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงู†ุชุดุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู‚ุตุงุฑู‡ุง ุนุฏุฉ ู…ู…ุงู„ูƒ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุชุจูŠู„ูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฌูŠู„ ูˆุงู„ุทูŠู„ุณุงู†",
gloss="al-Daylam, al-Jil, al-Taylasan, al-Tin, Aqarghuna โ€” they spread across the earth, their kingdoms include al-Tibiliyan, al-Jil, al-Taylasan",
page=103, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="CONQUEST",
section="Peoples of Abur",
region="Caucasus / Central Asia",
keywords="Daylam|ุงู„ุฏูŠู„ู…|Jil|ุงู„ุฌูŠู„|Taylasan|ุงู„ุทูŠู„ุณุงู†|Aqarghuna|ุฃู‚ุฑุบู†ุง|kingdoms|ู…ู…ุงู„ูƒ",
notes="Peoples listed as descendants of Abur: ุงู„ุฏูŠู„ู…ุŒ ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ุŒ ุงู„ุทูŠู„ุณุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ุชู†ุŒ ุฃู‚ุฑุบู†ุง. Multiple kingdoms.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ุฎุงู†ููˆ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‡ุฑ ูˆุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ู…ุณูŠุฑุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุฃูŠุงู…",
gloss="Khanfu (Guangzhou): a great city on a river, between this city and the sea = 6 days journey",
page=108, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="CITY_DESCRIPTION", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="Khanfu (Guangzhou)",
region="al-Sin (China)",
keywords="Khanfu|ุฎุงู†ููˆ|city|river|6 days|sea|port|al-Sin|ุงู„ุตูŠู†",
notes="ุฎุงู†ููˆ (Khanfu/Guangzhou): major Chinese port city. 6 days from sea. On a river. International trade hub.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ุชุฎู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุณูู† ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุฑุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุจู„ุงุฏ ุนู…ุงู† ูˆุณูŠุฑุงู ูˆู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ุงู„ูƒ",
gloss="Into this sea enter merchant ships arriving from the lands of Oman, Siraf, and the kingdoms between them",
page=108, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="ROUTE", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="Oman-Siraf-China sea route",
region="Oman โ†’ Siraf โ†’ al-Sin",
keywords="merchant ships|ุณูู† ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑ|Oman|ุนู…ุงู†|Siraf|ุณูŠุฑุงู|al-Sin|ุงู„ุตูŠู†|sea route",
notes="CRITICAL ROUTE: Oman โ†’ Siraf โ†’ China sea. ุณูู† ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑ (merchant ships). Major Indian Ocean trade artery.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ุฎุงุตุชู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู†ุตุงุฑู‰ ูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌูˆุณ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุฃู‡ู„",
gloss="Among his elite: Muslims, Christians, Jews, Majus, and other peoples",
page=108, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="TRADE", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="Khanfu โ€” multi-faith merchants",
region="al-Sin (Khanfu)",
keywords="Muslims|ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู†|Christians|ุงู„ู†ุตุงุฑู‰|Jews|ุงู„ูŠู‡ูˆุฏ|Majus|ุงู„ู…ุฌูˆุณ|Khanfu|ุฎุงู†ููˆ|merchants",
notes="Khanfu multi-faith merchant community: Muslims, Christians, Jews, Majus (Zoroastrians). International trading port.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ูˆุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ุง ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุน ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฑู‰ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุดุงุจู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ",
gloss="All of al-Mansura's craftsmen and villages, similar products marked",
page=108, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="TRADE", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="Khanfu โ€” trade goods certification",
region="al-Sin",
keywords="craftsmen|ุตู†ุงุน|villages|ู‚ุฑู‰|trade marks|ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ|certification|al-Mansura",
notes="Chinese trade goods certification system: products marked with ุงู„ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ (trade marks). Quality control for exports.",
))
# โ”€โ”€โ”€ Gold statues โ€” Chinese kings โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€
track(w(
arabic="ูุฌุนู„ ุฌุณุฏ ุฃุจูŠู‡ ููŠ ุชู…ุซุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ",
gloss="He placed his father's body in a statue of red gold",
page=104, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="COMMODITY", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="Chinese kings โ€” gold",
region="al-Sin",
keywords="gold|ุฐู‡ุจ|red gold|ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ|statue|ุชู…ุซุงู„|al-Sin|luxury",
notes="Red gold statues of Chinese kings. ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ (red gold) = high-purity gold alloy.",
))
# โ”€โ”€โ”€ Chess from India โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€
track(w(
arabic="ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุดุทุฑู†ุฌ ูˆุญูƒู…ุชู‡",
gloss="The making of chess and its wisdom",
page=105, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="COMMODITY", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="India โ€” chess",
region="al-Hind",
keywords="chess|ุงู„ุดุทุฑู†ุฌ|India|ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ|craft|ุตู†ุน|wisdom|ุญูƒู…ุฉ",
notes="Chess (ุงู„ุดุทุฑู†ุฌ) as Indian export-craft. Cultural trade commodity.",
))
# โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•
# SEAS DETAIL (pp.116-121)
# โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•
track(w(
arabic="ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุจุน ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ูˆู…ุชุณุนู‡ ุจุญุฑ ุตู†ุฌูŠ ูˆู‡ูˆ ููŠู…ุง",
gloss="Sea of al-Sin: the seventh sea, the Sea of al-Sin, its expanse the Sea of Sanji",
page=120, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="SEA", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุตูŠู† โ€” Sea of al-Sin",
region="South China Sea",
keywords="ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุตูŠู†|Sea of al-Sin|seventh sea|Sanji|ุตู†ุฌูŠ|China Sea",
notes="ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุตูŠู† (Sea of al-Sin): 7th sea in al-Masudi's system. Also called ุจุญุฑ ุตู†ุฌูŠ (Sea of Sanji).",
))
track(w(
arabic="ุจุญุฑ ูƒุฑุฏู†ุฌ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจูƒุฑุฏู†ุฌ ูุฅู†ู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌุจุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑ ูˆููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒุงููˆุฑ",
gloss="Sea of Kurdanj: the 5th sea, known as Kurdanj, many mountains and islands, contains camphor",
page=119, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="SEA", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="ุจุญุฑ ูƒุฑุฏู†ุฌ",
region="Southeast Asian seas",
keywords="ุจุญุฑ ูƒุฑุฏู†ุฌ|Sea of Kurdanj|5th sea|camphor|ุงู„ูƒุงููˆุฑ|islands|ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑ|mountains|ุฌุจุงู„",
notes="ุจุญุฑ ูƒุฑุฏู†ุฌ (Sea of Kurdanj): 5th sea. Source of ุงู„ูƒุงููˆุฑ (camphor). Many islands.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ุณุฑู†ุฏูŠุจ ูˆุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ุณุฑู†ุฏูŠุจ ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ุง ู…ุนุงุฏู† ู…ู† ุฐู‡ุจ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ุง ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ูˆููŠู‡ุง ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู‡ุฑ",
gloss="Island of Srandib: it has many gold mines, kings, and jewel mines",
page=118, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="PLACE", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="Srandib โ€” mines",
region="Srandib (Sri Lanka)",
keywords="Srandib|ุณุฑู†ุฏูŠุจ|gold mines|ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุฐู‡ุจ|jewel mines|ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู‡ุฑ|kings|ู…ู„ูˆูƒ|island",
notes="ุณุฑู†ุฏูŠุจ (Sri Lanka): ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุฐู‡ุจ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ (many gold mines) + ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู‡ุฑ (jewel mines). Source of gems in Indian Ocean trade.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ุฌุจุงู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุดุงุฏุฑ ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู ุฑุฃูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ู†ูŠุฑุงู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ุงุฑุชูุนุช",
gloss="Mountains of al-Nushadir (sal ammoniac): in summer you see fires rising at night",
page=121, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="COMMODITY", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="ุฌุจุงู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุดุงุฏุฑ โ€” sal ammoniac",
region="Central Asia (Transoxiana)",
keywords="al-Nushadir|ุงู„ู†ูˆุดุงุฏุฑ|sal ammoniac|mountains|ุฌุจุงู„|fire|ู†ูŠุฑุงู†|summer|mining",
notes="ุงู„ู†ูˆุดุงุฏุฑ (sal ammoniac/ammonium chloride): mined from volcanic mountains. Summer fires = volcanic/chemical activity. Trade commodity for medicine and metalwork.",
))
# โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•
# INDIA / SIND (pp.127-133)
# โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•
track(w(
arabic="ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฒู†ุฌ ูˆูู„ูŠู…ูŠ ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุงู† ูƒุฑูƒู†ุฏุงุฌ ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุจู†ูŠ ู†ุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ู…ุงู†ูŠ",
gloss="Kings of the world: King of al-Zanj, Filimi, King of al-Lan Karkandaj, King of al-Hira from Banu Nasr al-Munmani",
page=128, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="AUTHOR_NOTE",
section="ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…",
region="Global",
keywords="al-Zanj|ุงู„ุฒู†ุฌ|al-Lan|ุงู„ู„ุงู†|al-Hira|ุงู„ุญูŠุฑุฉ|kings|ู…ู„ูˆูƒ|world|ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…",
notes="al-Masudi's roster of world kings: al-Zanj, al-Lan, al-Hira. Global political geography.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ุงู„ู‚ู†ูˆุฌ ูˆุฃู…ุง ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูˆุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ู†ูˆุฌ ูุฅู† ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู…ู„ูƒุชู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุญูˆุง ู…ู† ุนุดุฑูŠู†",
gloss="al-Qannuj: as for Bura, the king of al-Qannuj, the extent of his kingdom is about 20 (days)",
page=129, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="PLACE", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="al-Qannuj (Kannauj) kingdom",
region="al-Hind (northern India)",
keywords="al-Qannuj|ุงู„ู‚ู†ูˆุฌ|Kannauj|Bura|ุจูˆุฑุฉ|kingdom|ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ|20 days|India|ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ",
notes="ุงู„ู‚ู†ูˆุฌ (al-Qannuj/Kannauj): major Indian kingdom, 20 days extent. Trade partner.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุชุงู† ูŠู‚ุตุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุฃู‚ุงุตูŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู†ุฐูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฌูˆุงู‡ุฑ ูˆุงู„ุนูˆุฏ",
gloss="al-Multan: pilgrims come from the farthest lands with votive offerings, wealth, jewels, and oud (agarwood)",
page=129, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="TRADE", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="al-Multan โ€” trade goods",
region="al-Sind (Multan)",
keywords="al-Multan|ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุชุงู†|jewels|ุฌูˆุงู‡ุฑ|oud|ุงู„ุนูˆุฏ|agarwood|wealth|ุฃู…ูˆุงู„|votive|ู†ุฐูˆุฑ|pilgrimage",
notes="ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุชุงู† (Multan): destination for ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู‡ุฑ (jewels), ุงู„ุนูˆุฏ (oud/agarwood), ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ (wealth). Pilgrimage-trade nexus.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ูˆุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุทูŠุจ ูˆูŠุญุฌ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู„ูˆู ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ ุตุงุญุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุชุงู† ู…ู…ุง ูŠุญู…ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตู†ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุจูŠู†",
gloss="Types of perfumes; thousands of people journey to it; most of the Multan ruler's wealth is from offerings brought to this idol",
page=129, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="REVENUE", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="al-Multan โ€” revenue from offerings",
region="al-Sind (Multan)",
keywords="perfumes|ุงู„ุทูŠุจ|thousands|ุฃู„ูˆู|wealth|ุฃู…ูˆุงู„|offerings|ู‚ุฑุงุจูŠู†|Multan|ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุชุงู†|revenue",
notes="Multan revenue model: ุงู„ุทูŠุจ (perfumes) + ู‚ุฑุงุจูŠู† (offerings) = ruler's primary income. Pilgrimage economy.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ุงู„ู…ู†ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ู†ุตูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฐุฑ",
gloss="al-Mansura: we entered the lands of al-Mansura at this time; the king over it is Abu al-Mundhir",
page=130, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="CITY_DESCRIPTION", intel="CITY_DESCRIPTION",
section="al-Mansura โ€” eyewitness",
region="al-Sind (Mansura)",
keywords="al-Mansura|ุงู„ู…ู†ุตูˆุฑุฉ|Abu al-Mundhir|ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฐุฑ|Sind|ุงู„ุณู†ุฏ|eyewitness|ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง",
notes="EYEWITNESS: al-Masudi personally visited al-Mansura. ุฏุฎู„ู†ุง (we entered). King: Abu al-Mundhir. First-hand account.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุชุงู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูˆู† ูุฑุณุฎุง ุณู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง",
gloss="Distance from al-Multan to al-Mansura: 75 farsakhs as we mentioned",
page=130, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="DISTANCE", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="al-Multan โ†’ al-Mansura",
region="al-Sind",
keywords="al-Multan|ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุชุงู†|al-Mansura|ุงู„ู…ู†ุตูˆุฑุฉ|75 farsakhs|distance|route|Sind",
notes="ROUTE: al-Multan โ†’ al-Mansura = 75 farsakhs (~450 km). Sind trade corridor.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ู†ู‡ุฑ ู…ู‡ุฑุงู† ุงู„ุณู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฒุนู… ุงู„ุฌุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู…ุนู‡ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุณุฌู…ุช",
gloss="River Mihran of al-Sind, which al-Jahiz claimed is one of the greatest rivers",
page=131, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="ROUTE", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="ู†ู‡ุฑ ู…ู‡ุฑุงู† โ€” Indus River",
region="al-Sind",
keywords="Mihran|ู…ู‡ุฑุงู†|Sind|ุงู„ุณู†ุฏ|Indus|river|ู†ู‡ุฑ|al-Jahiz|ุงู„ุฌุงุญุธ",
notes="ู†ู‡ุฑ ู…ู‡ุฑุงู† (River Mihran/Indus): major river of al-Sind. Trade and agricultural artery. al-Jahiz cited as source.",
))
# โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•
# MAGHREB (p.128)
# โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•
track(w(
arabic="ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ุฎู„ู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู‚ู„ุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุฑุฌ ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุฏู† ู…ุจูŠุฏุฉ",
gloss="Lands of al-Maghreb: people of the Saqaliba Khawarij; they have depopulated cities",
page=128, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="SAQALIBA",
section="al-Maghreb โ€” Saqaliba presence",
region="al-Maghreb",
keywords="al-Maghreb|ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ|Saqaliba|ุงู„ุดู‚ู„ุจูŠุฉ|Khawarij|ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุฑุฌ|cities|ู…ุฏู†",
notes="Saqaliba in al-Maghreb: ุงู„ุดู‚ู„ุจูŠุฉ (al-Shaqalibiyya = Saqaliba). Associated with ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุฑุฌ (Khawarij). Cities mentioned.",
))
# โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•
# CAUCASUS PEOPLES (pp.147-155)
# โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•
track(w(
arabic="ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุฒุฑูŠูƒุฑุงู† ูˆุชูุณูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฒุฑุฏ ู„ุฃู† ุฃูƒุซุฑู‡ู… ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฒุฑุฏ ูˆุงู„ุซูŠุงุจ ูˆุงู„ู„ุฌู… ูˆุงู„ุณูŠูˆู ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ",
gloss="Kingdom of Zarikaran: meaning workers of chain-mail, for most of them make chain-mail, textiles, bridles, swords, and other iron products",
page=148, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="TRADE", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="Zarikaran โ€” ironworking",
region="Caucasus (Zarikaran)",
keywords="Zarikaran|ุฒุฑูŠูƒุฑุงู†|chain-mail|ุงู„ุฒุฑุฏ|textiles|ุซูŠุงุจ|bridles|ู„ุฌู…|swords|ุณูŠูˆู|iron|ุญุฏูŠุฏ|metalwork",
notes="CRITICAL TRADE: ุฒุฑูŠูƒุฑุงู† (Zarikaran) = chain-mail makers. Products: ุงู„ุฒุฑุฏ (chain-mail), ุงู„ุซูŠุงุจ (textiles), ุงู„ู„ุฌู… (bridles), ุงู„ุณูŠูˆู (swords), ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ (iron goods). Caucasian metalwork economy.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ูˆู‡ู… ุฐูˆูˆ ุฏูŠุงู†ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุณู„ู…ูˆู† ูˆูŠู‡ูˆุฏ ูˆู†ุตุงุฑู‰ ูˆูŠู„ุญู‚ู‡ู… ุจู„ุฏ ูƒุดูƒ",
gloss="They have various religions: Muslims, Jews, Christians; and adjacent to them is the land of Kashk",
page=148, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="KHAZAR",
section="Zarikaran โ€” religious mix",
region="Caucasus",
keywords="Muslims|ู…ุณู„ู…ูˆู†|Jews|ูŠู‡ูˆุฏ|Christians|ู†ุตุงุฑู‰|Kashk|ูƒุดูƒ|Zarikaran|ุฒุฑูŠูƒุฑุงู†|religions",
notes="Zarikaran religious demographics: ู…ุณู„ู…ูˆู† ูˆูŠู‡ูˆุฏ ูˆู†ุตุงุฑู‰ (Muslims, Jews, Christians). Adjacent to ุจู„ุฏ ูƒุดูƒ (land of Kashk).",
))
track(w(
arabic="ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงู† ูˆู…ู„ูƒู‡ุง ูŠู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ ูƒุฑูƒู†ุฏุงุฌ",
gloss="Kingdom of al-Lan; its king is called Karkandaj",
page=148, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="CONQUEST",
section="al-Lan (Alans)",
region="Caucasus (Alania)",
keywords="al-Lan|ุงู„ู„ุงู†|Karkandaj|ูƒุฑูƒู†ุฏุงุฌ|king|ู…ู„ูƒ|kingdom|ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ|Alans|Caucasus",
notes="ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงู† (Kingdom of al-Lan/Alans): king = ูƒุฑูƒู†ุฏุงุฌ (Karkandaj). Caucasus power.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ุฃู…ุฉ ูƒุดูƒ ูˆู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฌุจู„ ุงู„ู‚ุจุฌ ูˆุจุญุฑ ู†ูŠุทุด ูŠู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ุง ูƒุดูƒ",
gloss="The Kashk people: they are from Mount al-Qabj (Caucasus) and the sea of Nitas (Black Sea), called Kashk",
page=149, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="ุฃู…ุฉ ูƒุดูƒ โ€” Kashk people",
region="Caucasus / Black Sea coast",
keywords="Kashk|ูƒุดูƒ|al-Qabj|ุงู„ู‚ุจุฌ|Caucasus|Nitas|ู†ูŠุทุด|Black Sea|people|ุฃู…ุฉ",
notes="ุฃู…ุฉ ูƒุดูƒ (Kashk people): located between Mount al-Qabj (Caucasus) and ุจุญุฑ ู†ูŠุทุด (Black Sea).",
))
track(w(
arabic="ุงู„ุฏูŠุจุงุฌ ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุณู‚ู„ุงุทูˆู†ูŠ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซูŠุงุจ ูŠุญู…ู„ ู…ู† ุฌุงูˆุฑู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ู…",
gloss="al-Rum brocade, saqlatuni (silk), and other textiles carried from neighboring peoples",
page=149, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="CARGO", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="Kashk โ€” textile imports",
region="Caucasus / Black Sea",
keywords="brocade|ุงู„ุฏูŠุจุงุฌ ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ูŠ|saqlatuni|ุงู„ุณู‚ู„ุงุทูˆู†ูŠ|silk|textiles|ุซูŠุงุจ|Kashk|ูƒุดูƒ|imports",
notes="CRITICAL CARGO: Kashk import ุงู„ุฏูŠุจุงุฌ ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ูŠ (al-Rum brocade) + ุงู„ุณู‚ู„ุงุทูˆู†ูŠ (saqlatuni silk) from neighbors. Textile trade through Caucasus.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ูˆุงู„ู„ุงู† ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ู… ุชุฑูƒู…ุงู† ุฃู† ูŠู…ู„ูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู…ู„ูƒุง ูŠุฌู…ุน ูƒู„ู…ุชู‡ู… ูˆู„ู… ูŠุฌุชู…ุนุช ูƒู„ู…ุชู‡ู…",
gloss="The Alans and other peoples: the Turkman could rule over them with a unified word but they have not been unified",
page=150, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="CONQUEST",
section="al-Lan โ€” political fragmentation",
region="Caucasus",
keywords="al-Lan|ุงู„ู„ุงู†|Turkman|ุชุฑูƒู…ุงู†|fragmentation|political|unity|ูƒู„ู…ุฉ",
notes="Alan political fragmentation: no unified king. Turkman (ุชุฑูƒู…ุงู†) mentioned as potential overlords.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ุงู„ุฃุจุฎุงุฒ ูˆู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ูŠู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุตู†ุงุฑูŠุฉ ุชุตุงุฑูŠ ูˆููŠู‡ู… ุฌุงู‡ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุง ู…ู„ุฉ",
gloss="al-Abkhaz and a kingdom called al-Sanariyya: Christians, and among them pagans with no creed",
page=155, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="CONQUEST",
section="al-Abkhaz and al-Sanariyya",
region="Caucasus (Abkhazia)",
keywords="al-Abkhaz|ุงู„ุฃุจุฎุงุฒ|al-Sanariyya|ุงู„ุตู†ุงุฑูŠุฉ|Christians|ู†ุตุงุฑู‰|pagans|ุฌุงู‡ู„ูŠุฉ|Caucasus",
notes="ุงู„ุฃุจุฎุงุฒ (al-Abkhaz) + ุงู„ุตู†ุงุฑูŠุฉ (al-Sanariyya): ู†ุตุงุฑู‰ (Christians) and ุฌุงู‡ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุง ู…ู„ุฉ (pre-revelation, no creed). Caucasus demographic.",
))
# โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•
# BAHR al-RUM โ€” al-Rum sea trade route (p.96)
# โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•
track(w(
arabic="ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณ ูˆุงู„ู„ุงุฐู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌุจู„ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุน ู…ู† ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุฃู†ุทุงูƒูŠุฉ ูˆุชุญุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ู…ู‚ุทุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุญุฑ",
gloss="Tarabulus (Tripoli), al-Ladhiqiyya (Latakia), al-Jabal al-Aqra' from the works of Antakya; under this mountain the sea is cut",
page=96, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="ROUTE", intel="BILAD_AL_RUM",
section="ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุฑูˆู… โ€” coastal route",
region="Levant coast",
keywords="Tarabulus|ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณ|al-Ladhiqiyya|ุงู„ู„ุงุฐู‚ูŠุฉ|al-Jabal al-Aqra|ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุน|Antakya|ุฃู†ุทุงูƒูŠุฉ|coast|route",
notes="Levant coastal route: ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณ (Tripoli) โ†’ ุงู„ู„ุงุฐู‚ูŠุฉ (Latakia) โ†’ ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฑุน โ†’ ุฃู†ุทุงูƒูŠุฉ (Antioch). Mediterranean trade corridor.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ุณุงุญู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ุฏู„ุณ ู‚ุฏ ูุชุญูˆู‡ ูˆูƒุฑูƒุช ุนู„ู‰ ุถูุฉ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุจู…ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุดูƒู„",
gloss="The coast of al-Andalus โ€” they have conquered it โ€” and Karkart on the sea shore, though it is not circular in shape",
page=97, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="GEOGRAPHIC_NOTE", intel="AL_ANDALUS",
section="ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุฑูˆู… โ€” al-Andalus coast",
region="al-Andalus",
keywords="al-Andalus|ุงู„ุฃู†ุฏู„ุณ|coast|ุณุงุญู„|Karkart|ูƒุฑูƒุช|sea|ุจุญุฑ|conquest|ูุชุญ",
notes="al-Andalus coastal reference in Mediterranean sea section.",
))
track(w(
arabic="ุณุงุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ูˆุจู„ุงุฏ ุฅูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณูˆุณ ูˆุทุฑุงุจู„ุณ ูˆุชูˆู†ุณ ูˆู‚ุงุจุณ ูˆุณุงุญู„ ุงู„ุดุงู… ูˆุณุงุญู„ ุชู†ูˆุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ",
gloss="Coast of al-Maghreb, lands of Ifriqiya, al-Sus, Tarabulus, Tunis, Qabus, coast of al-Sham, coast of Tanuwa, al-Ziyada, lands of al-Iskandariyya (Alexandria)",
page=96, volume=1, source_ms=V1,
entry_type="ROUTE", intel="TRADE_GOODS",
section="Mediterranean coastal route โ€” complete",
region="Mediterranean",
keywords="al-Maghreb|ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ|Ifriqiya|ุฅูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุฉ|al-Sus|ุงู„ุณูˆุณ|Tarabulus|ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณ|Tunis|ุชูˆู†ุณ|al-Sham|ุงู„ุดุงู…|Iskandariyya|ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ|coast|ุณุงุญู„",
notes="COMPLETE MEDITERRANEAN COAST: ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ โ†’ ุฅูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุฉ โ†’ ุงู„ุณูˆุณ โ†’ ุทุฑุงุจู„ุณ โ†’ ุชูˆู†ุณ โ†’ ู‚ุงุจุณ โ†’ ุงู„ุดุงู… โ†’ ุงู„ุฅุณูƒู†ุฏุฑูŠุฉ. Full trading circuit.",
))
# โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•โ•
report()