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| #!/usr/bin/env python3 | |
| # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- | |
| """ | |
| al_masudi_s45_batch_04.py โ Session 45, Batch 04: Volume 1 remaining sections. | |
| China trade, India/Sind, Maghreb, Tibet, Caucasus peoples, Kashk textiles. | |
| Source: al-Maktaba al-Asriyya, Beirut, Vol. 1 | |
| """ | |
| import sys | |
| import os | |
| sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) | |
| from amr_al_masudi import w, track, report | |
| V1 = "ASRIYYA_BEIRUT" | |
| # โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ | |
| # CHINA TRADE (pp.103-110) | |
| # โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุฐูุฑ ู ููู ุงูุตูู ูุงูุชุฑู ูุชูุฑู ููุฏ ุนุงุจูุฑ ูุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุงูุตูู ูุบูุฑ ุฐูู ู ู ุง ูุญู ุจูุฐุง ุงูุจุงุจ", | |
| gloss="SECTION: Kings of al-Sin and al-Turk, dispersal of the children of Abur, and accounts of al-Sin", | |
| page=103, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="HEADING", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="ู ููู ุงูุตูู ูุงูุชุฑู", | |
| keywords="al-Sin|ุงูุตูู|al-Turk|ุงูุชุฑู|Abur|ุนุงุจูุฑ|section", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุงูุฏููู ูุงูุฌูู ูุงูุทููุณุงู ูุงูุชู ูุฃูุฑุบูุง ููุฏ ุงูุชุดุฑูุง ูู ุงูุฃุฑุถ ูุตุงุฑูุง ุนุฏุฉ ู ู ุงูู ู ููู ุงูุชุจูููุงู ูุงูุฌูู ูุงูุทููุณุงู", | |
| gloss="al-Daylam, al-Jil, al-Taylasan, al-Tin, Aqarghuna โ they spread across the earth, their kingdoms include al-Tibiliyan, al-Jil, al-Taylasan", | |
| page=103, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="CONQUEST", | |
| section="Peoples of Abur", | |
| region="Caucasus / Central Asia", | |
| keywords="Daylam|ุงูุฏููู |Jil|ุงูุฌูู|Taylasan|ุงูุทููุณุงู|Aqarghuna|ุฃูุฑุบูุง|kingdoms|ู ู ุงูู", | |
| notes="Peoples listed as descendants of Abur: ุงูุฏููู ุ ุงูุฌููุ ุงูุทููุณุงูุ ุงูุชูุ ุฃูุฑุบูุง. Multiple kingdoms.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุฎุงููู ู ุฏููุฉ ุนุธูู ุฉ ุนูู ููุฑ ูุจูู ูุฐู ุงูู ุฏููุฉ ูุจูู ุงูุจุญุฑ ู ุณูุฑุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุฃูุงู ", | |
| gloss="Khanfu (Guangzhou): a great city on a river, between this city and the sea = 6 days journey", | |
| page=108, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="CITY_DESCRIPTION", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="Khanfu (Guangzhou)", | |
| region="al-Sin (China)", | |
| keywords="Khanfu|ุฎุงููู|city|river|6 days|sea|port|al-Sin|ุงูุตูู", | |
| notes="ุฎุงููู (Khanfu/Guangzhou): major Chinese port city. 6 days from sea. On a river. International trade hub.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุชุฎู ูุฐุง ุงูุจุญุฑ ุณูู ุงูุชุฌุงุฑ ุงููุงุฑุฏุฉ ู ู ุจูุงุฏ ุนู ุงู ูุณูุฑุงู ูู ุง ุจูู ุฐูู ู ู ุงูู ู ุงูู", | |
| gloss="Into this sea enter merchant ships arriving from the lands of Oman, Siraf, and the kingdoms between them", | |
| page=108, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="ROUTE", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="Oman-Siraf-China sea route", | |
| region="Oman โ Siraf โ al-Sin", | |
| keywords="merchant ships|ุณูู ุงูุชุฌุงุฑ|Oman|ุนู ุงู|Siraf|ุณูุฑุงู|al-Sin|ุงูุตูู|sea route", | |
| notes="CRITICAL ROUTE: Oman โ Siraf โ China sea. ุณูู ุงูุชุฌุงุฑ (merchant ships). Major Indian Ocean trade artery.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุฎุงุตุชู ู ู ุงูู ุณูู ูู ูุงููุตุงุฑู ูุงููููุฏ ูุงูู ุฌูุณ ูุบูุฑ ุฐูู ู ู ุฃูู", | |
| gloss="Among his elite: Muslims, Christians, Jews, Majus, and other peoples", | |
| page=108, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="TRADE", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="Khanfu โ multi-faith merchants", | |
| region="al-Sin (Khanfu)", | |
| keywords="Muslims|ุงูู ุณูู ูู|Christians|ุงููุตุงุฑู|Jews|ุงููููุฏ|Majus|ุงูู ุฌูุณ|Khanfu|ุฎุงููู|merchants", | |
| notes="Khanfu multi-faith merchant community: Muslims, Christians, Jews, Majus (Zoroastrians). International trading port.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ูุฌู ูุน ู ุง ุจุงูู ูุตูุฑุฉ ู ู ุงูุตูุงุน ูุงููุฑู ู ู ุง ูุดุงุจู ุฐูู ุฅูููุง ุจุงูุนูุงู ุฉ", | |
| gloss="All of al-Mansura's craftsmen and villages, similar products marked", | |
| page=108, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="TRADE", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="Khanfu โ trade goods certification", | |
| region="al-Sin", | |
| keywords="craftsmen|ุตูุงุน|villages|ูุฑู|trade marks|ุนูุงู ุฉ|certification|al-Mansura", | |
| notes="Chinese trade goods certification system: products marked with ุงูุนูุงู ุฉ (trade marks). Quality control for exports.", | |
| )) | |
| # โโโ Gold statues โ Chinese kings โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ูุฌุนู ุฌุณุฏ ุฃุจูู ูู ุชู ุซุงู ู ู ุงูุฐูุจ ุงูุฃุญู ุฑ", | |
| gloss="He placed his father's body in a statue of red gold", | |
| page=104, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="COMMODITY", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="Chinese kings โ gold", | |
| region="al-Sin", | |
| keywords="gold|ุฐูุจ|red gold|ุงูุฐูุจ ุงูุฃุญู ุฑ|statue|ุชู ุซุงู|al-Sin|luxury", | |
| notes="Red gold statues of Chinese kings. ุงูุฐูุจ ุงูุฃุญู ุฑ (red gold) = high-purity gold alloy.", | |
| )) | |
| # โโโ Chess from India โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุตูุน ุงูุดุทุฑูุฌ ูุญูู ุชู", | |
| gloss="The making of chess and its wisdom", | |
| page=105, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="COMMODITY", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="India โ chess", | |
| region="al-Hind", | |
| keywords="chess|ุงูุดุทุฑูุฌ|India|ุงูููุฏ|craft|ุตูุน|wisdom|ุญูู ุฉ", | |
| notes="Chess (ุงูุดุทุฑูุฌ) as Indian export-craft. Cultural trade commodity.", | |
| )) | |
| # โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ | |
| # SEAS DETAIL (pp.116-121) | |
| # โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุจุญุฑ ุงูุตูู ููู ุงูุจุญุฑ ุงูุณุงุจุน ููู ุจุญุฑ ุงูุตูู ูู ุชุณุนู ุจุญุฑ ุตูุฌู ููู ููู ุง", | |
| gloss="Sea of al-Sin: the seventh sea, the Sea of al-Sin, its expanse the Sea of Sanji", | |
| page=120, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="SEA", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="ุจุญุฑ ุงูุตูู โ Sea of al-Sin", | |
| region="South China Sea", | |
| keywords="ุจุญุฑ ุงูุตูู|Sea of al-Sin|seventh sea|Sanji|ุตูุฌู|China Sea", | |
| notes="ุจุญุฑ ุงูุตูู (Sea of al-Sin): 7th sea in al-Masudi's system. Also called ุจุญุฑ ุตูุฌู (Sea of Sanji).", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุจุญุฑ ูุฑุฏูุฌ ููู ุงูุจุญุฑ ุงูุฎุงู ุณ ุงูู ุนุฑูู ุจูุฑุฏูุฌ ูุฅูู ูุซูุฑ ุงูุฌุจุงู ูุงูุฌุฒุงุฆุฑ ูููู ุงููุงููุฑ", | |
| gloss="Sea of Kurdanj: the 5th sea, known as Kurdanj, many mountains and islands, contains camphor", | |
| page=119, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="SEA", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="ุจุญุฑ ูุฑุฏูุฌ", | |
| region="Southeast Asian seas", | |
| keywords="ุจุญุฑ ูุฑุฏูุฌ|Sea of Kurdanj|5th sea|camphor|ุงููุงููุฑ|islands|ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑ|mountains|ุฌุจุงู", | |
| notes="ุจุญุฑ ูุฑุฏูุฌ (Sea of Kurdanj): 5th sea. Source of ุงููุงููุฑ (camphor). Many islands.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุฌุฒูุฑุฉ ุณุฑูุฏูุจ ูุฌุฒูุฑุฉ ุณุฑูุฏูุจ ุฌุฒูุฑุฉ ููููุง ู ุนุงุฏู ู ู ุฐูุจ ูุซูุฑุฉ ููููุง ู ููู ููููุง ู ุนุงุฏู ุงูุฌูุงูุฑ", | |
| gloss="Island of Srandib: it has many gold mines, kings, and jewel mines", | |
| page=118, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="PLACE", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="Srandib โ mines", | |
| region="Srandib (Sri Lanka)", | |
| keywords="Srandib|ุณุฑูุฏูุจ|gold mines|ู ุนุงุฏู ุฐูุจ|jewel mines|ู ุนุงุฏู ุงูุฌูุงูุฑ|kings|ู ููู|island", | |
| notes="ุณุฑูุฏูุจ (Sri Lanka): ู ุนุงุฏู ุฐูุจ ูุซูุฑุฉ (many gold mines) + ู ุนุงุฏู ุงูุฌูุงูุฑ (jewel mines). Source of gems in Indian Ocean trade.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุฌุจุงู ุงูููุดุงุฏุฑ ูุฅุฐุง ูุงู ูู ุงูุตูู ุฑุฃูุช ูู ุงูููู ููุฑุงูุง ูุฏ ุงุฑุชูุนุช", | |
| gloss="Mountains of al-Nushadir (sal ammoniac): in summer you see fires rising at night", | |
| page=121, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="COMMODITY", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="ุฌุจุงู ุงูููุดุงุฏุฑ โ sal ammoniac", | |
| region="Central Asia (Transoxiana)", | |
| keywords="al-Nushadir|ุงูููุดุงุฏุฑ|sal ammoniac|mountains|ุฌุจุงู|fire|ููุฑุงู|summer|mining", | |
| notes="ุงูููุดุงุฏุฑ (sal ammoniac/ammonium chloride): mined from volcanic mountains. Summer fires = volcanic/chemical activity. Trade commodity for medicine and metalwork.", | |
| )) | |
| # โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ | |
| # INDIA / SIND (pp.127-133) | |
| # โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ู ููู ุงูุนุงูู ู ูู ุงูุฒูุฌ ููููู ู ู ูู ุงููุงู ูุฑููุฏุงุฌ ู ูู ุงูุญูุฑุฉ ู ู ุจูู ูุตุฑ ุงูู ูู ุงูู", | |
| gloss="Kings of the world: King of al-Zanj, Filimi, King of al-Lan Karkandaj, King of al-Hira from Banu Nasr al-Munmani", | |
| page=128, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="AUTHOR_NOTE", | |
| section="ู ููู ุงูุนุงูู ", | |
| region="Global", | |
| keywords="al-Zanj|ุงูุฒูุฌ|al-Lan|ุงููุงู|al-Hira|ุงูุญูุฑุฉ|kings|ู ููู|world|ุงูุนุงูู ", | |
| notes="al-Masudi's roster of world kings: al-Zanj, al-Lan, al-Hira. Global political geography.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุงููููุฌ ูุฃู ุง ู ุง ูููู ุจูุฑุฉ ููู ู ูู ุงููููุฌ ูุฅู ู ุณุงูุฉ ู ู ููุชู ุชููู ูุญูุง ู ู ุนุดุฑูู", | |
| gloss="al-Qannuj: as for Bura, the king of al-Qannuj, the extent of his kingdom is about 20 (days)", | |
| page=129, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="PLACE", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="al-Qannuj (Kannauj) kingdom", | |
| region="al-Hind (northern India)", | |
| keywords="al-Qannuj|ุงููููุฌ|Kannauj|Bura|ุจูุฑุฉ|kingdom|ู ู ููุฉ|20 days|India|ุงูููุฏ", | |
| notes="ุงููููุฌ (al-Qannuj/Kannauj): major Indian kingdom, 20 days extent. Trade partner.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุงูู ููุชุงู ููุตุฏู ู ู ุฃูุงุตู ุจูุงุฏูู ุจุงููุฐูุฑ ูุงูุฃู ูุงู ูุงูุฌูุงูุฑ ูุงูุนูุฏ", | |
| gloss="al-Multan: pilgrims come from the farthest lands with votive offerings, wealth, jewels, and oud (agarwood)", | |
| page=129, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="TRADE", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="al-Multan โ trade goods", | |
| region="al-Sind (Multan)", | |
| keywords="al-Multan|ุงูู ููุชุงู|jewels|ุฌูุงูุฑ|oud|ุงูุนูุฏ|agarwood|wealth|ุฃู ูุงู|votive|ูุฐูุฑ|pilgrimage", | |
| notes="ุงูู ููุชุงู (Multan): destination for ุงูุฌูุงูุฑ (jewels), ุงูุนูุฏ (oud/agarwood), ุฃู ูุงู (wealth). Pilgrimage-trade nexus.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ูุฃููุงุน ุงูุทูุจ ููุญุฌ ุฅููู ุฃููู ุงููุงุณ ูุฃูุซุฑ ุฃู ูุงู ุตุงุญุจ ุงูู ููุชุงู ู ู ุง ูุญู ู ุฅูู ูุฐุง ุงูุตูู ู ู ุงููุฑุงุจูู", | |
| gloss="Types of perfumes; thousands of people journey to it; most of the Multan ruler's wealth is from offerings brought to this idol", | |
| page=129, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="REVENUE", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="al-Multan โ revenue from offerings", | |
| region="al-Sind (Multan)", | |
| keywords="perfumes|ุงูุทูุจ|thousands|ุฃููู|wealth|ุฃู ูุงู|offerings|ูุฑุงุจูู|Multan|ุงูู ููุชุงู|revenue", | |
| notes="Multan revenue model: ุงูุทูุจ (perfumes) + ูุฑุงุจูู (offerings) = ruler's primary income. Pilgrimage economy.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุงูู ูุตูุฑุฉ ููุฏ ุฏุฎููุง ุฅูู ุจูุงุฏ ุงูู ูุตูุฑุฉ ูู ูุฐุง ุงูููุช ูุงูู ูู ุนูููุง ุฃุจู ุงูู ูุฐุฑ", | |
| gloss="al-Mansura: we entered the lands of al-Mansura at this time; the king over it is Abu al-Mundhir", | |
| page=130, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="CITY_DESCRIPTION", intel="CITY_DESCRIPTION", | |
| section="al-Mansura โ eyewitness", | |
| region="al-Sind (Mansura)", | |
| keywords="al-Mansura|ุงูู ูุตูุฑุฉ|Abu al-Mundhir|ุฃุจู ุงูู ูุฐุฑ|Sind|ุงูุณูุฏ|eyewitness|ุฏุฎููุง", | |
| notes="EYEWITNESS: al-Masudi personally visited al-Mansura. ุฏุฎููุง (we entered). King: Abu al-Mundhir. First-hand account.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ูุงูู ุณุงูุฉ ู ู ุงูู ููุชุงู ุฅูู ุงูู ูุตูุฑุฉ ุฎู ุณุฉ ูุณุจุนูู ูุฑุณุฎุง ุณููุฉ ุนูู ู ุง ุฐูุฑูุง", | |
| gloss="Distance from al-Multan to al-Mansura: 75 farsakhs as we mentioned", | |
| page=130, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="DISTANCE", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="al-Multan โ al-Mansura", | |
| region="al-Sind", | |
| keywords="al-Multan|ุงูู ููุชุงู|al-Mansura|ุงูู ูุตูุฑุฉ|75 farsakhs|distance|route|Sind", | |
| notes="ROUTE: al-Multan โ al-Mansura = 75 farsakhs (~450 km). Sind trade corridor.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ููุฑ ู ูุฑุงู ุงูุณูุฏู ุงูุฐู ุฒุนู ุงูุฌุงุญุธ ุฃูู ู ู ุฃุฌู ุนู ุฃุญุฏ ุงูุฃููุงุฑ ุงูุชู ุฃุณุฌู ุช", | |
| gloss="River Mihran of al-Sind, which al-Jahiz claimed is one of the greatest rivers", | |
| page=131, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="ROUTE", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="ููุฑ ู ูุฑุงู โ Indus River", | |
| region="al-Sind", | |
| keywords="Mihran|ู ูุฑุงู|Sind|ุงูุณูุฏ|Indus|river|ููุฑ|al-Jahiz|ุงูุฌุงุญุธ", | |
| notes="ููุฑ ู ูุฑุงู (River Mihran/Indus): major river of al-Sind. Trade and agricultural artery. al-Jahiz cited as source.", | |
| )) | |
| # โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ | |
| # MAGHREB (p.128) | |
| # โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุจูุงุฏ ุงูู ุบุฑุจ ุฎูู ู ู ุงูุดููุจูุฉ ุงูุฎูุงุฑุฌ ููู ู ุฏู ู ุจูุฏุฉ", | |
| gloss="Lands of al-Maghreb: people of the Saqaliba Khawarij; they have depopulated cities", | |
| page=128, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="SAQALIBA", | |
| section="al-Maghreb โ Saqaliba presence", | |
| region="al-Maghreb", | |
| keywords="al-Maghreb|ุงูู ุบุฑุจ|Saqaliba|ุงูุดููุจูุฉ|Khawarij|ุงูุฎูุงุฑุฌ|cities|ู ุฏู", | |
| notes="Saqaliba in al-Maghreb: ุงูุดููุจูุฉ (al-Shaqalibiyya = Saqaliba). Associated with ุงูุฎูุงุฑุฌ (Khawarij). Cities mentioned.", | |
| )) | |
| # โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ | |
| # CAUCASUS PEOPLES (pp.147-155) | |
| # โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ู ู ููุฉ ุฒุฑููุฑุงู ูุชูุณูุฑ ุฐูู ุนู ุงู ุงูุฒุฑุฏ ูุฃู ุฃูุซุฑูู ูุนู ู ุงูุฒุฑุฏ ูุงูุซูุงุจ ูุงููุฌู ูุงูุณููู ูุบูุฑ ุฐูู ู ู ุฃููุงุน ุงูุญุฏูุฏ", | |
| gloss="Kingdom of Zarikaran: meaning workers of chain-mail, for most of them make chain-mail, textiles, bridles, swords, and other iron products", | |
| page=148, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="TRADE", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="Zarikaran โ ironworking", | |
| region="Caucasus (Zarikaran)", | |
| keywords="Zarikaran|ุฒุฑููุฑุงู|chain-mail|ุงูุฒุฑุฏ|textiles|ุซูุงุจ|bridles|ูุฌู |swords|ุณููู|iron|ุญุฏูุฏ|metalwork", | |
| notes="CRITICAL TRADE: ุฒุฑููุฑุงู (Zarikaran) = chain-mail makers. Products: ุงูุฒุฑุฏ (chain-mail), ุงูุซูุงุจ (textiles), ุงููุฌู (bridles), ุงูุณููู (swords), ุงูุญุฏูุฏ (iron goods). Caucasian metalwork economy.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ููู ุฐูู ุฏูุงูุงุช ู ุฎุชููุฉ ู ุณูู ูู ููููุฏ ููุตุงุฑู ูููุญููู ุจูุฏ ูุดู", | |
| gloss="They have various religions: Muslims, Jews, Christians; and adjacent to them is the land of Kashk", | |
| page=148, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="KHAZAR", | |
| section="Zarikaran โ religious mix", | |
| region="Caucasus", | |
| keywords="Muslims|ู ุณูู ูู|Jews|ูููุฏ|Christians|ูุตุงุฑู|Kashk|ูุดู|Zarikaran|ุฒุฑููุฑุงู|religions", | |
| notes="Zarikaran religious demographics: ู ุณูู ูู ููููุฏ ููุตุงุฑู (Muslims, Jews, Christians). Adjacent to ุจูุฏ ูุดู (land of Kashk).", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ู ู ููุฉ ุงููุงู ูู ูููุง ููุงู ูู ูุฑููุฏุงุฌ", | |
| gloss="Kingdom of al-Lan; its king is called Karkandaj", | |
| page=148, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="CONQUEST", | |
| section="al-Lan (Alans)", | |
| region="Caucasus (Alania)", | |
| keywords="al-Lan|ุงููุงู|Karkandaj|ูุฑููุฏุงุฌ|king|ู ูู|kingdom|ู ู ููุฉ|Alans|Caucasus", | |
| notes="ู ู ููุฉ ุงููุงู (Kingdom of al-Lan/Alans): king = ูุฑููุฏุงุฌ (Karkandaj). Caucasus power.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุฃู ุฉ ูุดู ููู ู ู ุฌุจู ุงููุจุฌ ูุจุญุฑ ููุทุด ููุงู ููุง ูุดู", | |
| gloss="The Kashk people: they are from Mount al-Qabj (Caucasus) and the sea of Nitas (Black Sea), called Kashk", | |
| page=149, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="ุฃู ุฉ ูุดู โ Kashk people", | |
| region="Caucasus / Black Sea coast", | |
| keywords="Kashk|ูุดู|al-Qabj|ุงููุจุฌ|Caucasus|Nitas|ููุทุด|Black Sea|people|ุฃู ุฉ", | |
| notes="ุฃู ุฉ ูุดู (Kashk people): located between Mount al-Qabj (Caucasus) and ุจุญุฑ ููุทุด (Black Sea).", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุงูุฏูุจุงุฌ ุงูุฑูู ู ูุงูุณููุงุทููู ูุบูุฑ ุฐูู ู ู ุงูุซูุงุจ ูุญู ู ู ู ุฌุงูุฑูู ู ู ุงูุฃู ู ", | |
| gloss="al-Rum brocade, saqlatuni (silk), and other textiles carried from neighboring peoples", | |
| page=149, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="CARGO", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="Kashk โ textile imports", | |
| region="Caucasus / Black Sea", | |
| keywords="brocade|ุงูุฏูุจุงุฌ ุงูุฑูู ู|saqlatuni|ุงูุณููุงุทููู|silk|textiles|ุซูุงุจ|Kashk|ูุดู|imports", | |
| notes="CRITICAL CARGO: Kashk import ุงูุฏูุจุงุฌ ุงูุฑูู ู (al-Rum brocade) + ุงูุณููุงุทููู (saqlatuni silk) from neighbors. Textile trade through Caucasus.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ูุงููุงู ูุบูุฑูุง ู ู ุงูุฃู ู ุชุฑูู ุงู ุฃู ูู ูููู ุนูููู ู ููุง ูุฌู ุน ููู ุชูู ููู ูุฌุชู ุนุช ููู ุชูู ", | |
| gloss="The Alans and other peoples: the Turkman could rule over them with a unified word but they have not been unified", | |
| page=150, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="CONQUEST", | |
| section="al-Lan โ political fragmentation", | |
| region="Caucasus", | |
| keywords="al-Lan|ุงููุงู|Turkman|ุชุฑูู ุงู|fragmentation|political|unity|ููู ุฉ", | |
| notes="Alan political fragmentation: no unified king. Turkman (ุชุฑูู ุงู) mentioned as potential overlords.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุงูุฃุจุฎุงุฒ ูู ู ููุฉ ููุงู ููุง ุงูุตูุงุฑูุฉ ุชุตุงุฑู ููููู ุฌุงูููุฉ ูุง ู ูุฉ", | |
| gloss="al-Abkhaz and a kingdom called al-Sanariyya: Christians, and among them pagans with no creed", | |
| page=155, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="PEOPLE", intel="CONQUEST", | |
| section="al-Abkhaz and al-Sanariyya", | |
| region="Caucasus (Abkhazia)", | |
| keywords="al-Abkhaz|ุงูุฃุจุฎุงุฒ|al-Sanariyya|ุงูุตูุงุฑูุฉ|Christians|ูุตุงุฑู|pagans|ุฌุงูููุฉ|Caucasus", | |
| notes="ุงูุฃุจุฎุงุฒ (al-Abkhaz) + ุงูุตูุงุฑูุฉ (al-Sanariyya): ูุตุงุฑู (Christians) and ุฌุงูููุฉ ูุง ู ูุฉ (pre-revelation, no creed). Caucasus demographic.", | |
| )) | |
| # โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ | |
| # BAHR al-RUM โ al-Rum sea trade route (p.96) | |
| # โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุทุฑุงุจูุณ ูุงููุงุฐููุฉ ูุงูุฌุจู ุงูุฃูุฑุน ู ู ุฃุนู ุงู ุฃูุทุงููุฉ ูุชุญุช ูุฐุง ุงูุฌุจู ู ูุทุน ูุฐุง ุงูุจุญุฑ", | |
| gloss="Tarabulus (Tripoli), al-Ladhiqiyya (Latakia), al-Jabal al-Aqra' from the works of Antakya; under this mountain the sea is cut", | |
| page=96, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="ROUTE", intel="BILAD_AL_RUM", | |
| section="ุจุญุฑ ุงูุฑูู โ coastal route", | |
| region="Levant coast", | |
| keywords="Tarabulus|ุทุฑุงุจูุณ|al-Ladhiqiyya|ุงููุงุฐููุฉ|al-Jabal al-Aqra|ุงูุฌุจู ุงูุฃูุฑุน|Antakya|ุฃูุทุงููุฉ|coast|route", | |
| notes="Levant coastal route: ุทุฑุงุจูุณ (Tripoli) โ ุงููุงุฐููุฉ (Latakia) โ ุงูุฌุจู ุงูุฃูุฑุน โ ุฃูุทุงููุฉ (Antioch). Mediterranean trade corridor.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุณุงุญู ุงูุฃูุฏูุณ ูุฏ ูุชุญูู ููุฑูุช ุนูู ุถูุฉ ุงูุจุญุฑ ุฅูุง ุฃูู ููุณ ุจู ุฏูุฑ ุงูุดูู", | |
| gloss="The coast of al-Andalus โ they have conquered it โ and Karkart on the sea shore, though it is not circular in shape", | |
| page=97, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="GEOGRAPHIC_NOTE", intel="AL_ANDALUS", | |
| section="ุจุญุฑ ุงูุฑูู โ al-Andalus coast", | |
| region="al-Andalus", | |
| keywords="al-Andalus|ุงูุฃูุฏูุณ|coast|ุณุงุญู|Karkart|ูุฑูุช|sea|ุจุญุฑ|conquest|ูุชุญ", | |
| notes="al-Andalus coastal reference in Mediterranean sea section.", | |
| )) | |
| track(w( | |
| arabic="ุณุงุญู ุงูู ุบุฑุจ ูุจูุงุฏ ุฅูุฑูููุฉ ูุงูุณูุณ ูุทุฑุงุจูุณ ูุชููุณ ููุงุจุณ ูุณุงุญู ุงูุดุงู ูุณุงุญู ุชููุฉ ูุงูุฒูุงุฏุฉ ูุจูุงุฏ ุงูุฅุณููุฏุฑูุฉ", | |
| gloss="Coast of al-Maghreb, lands of Ifriqiya, al-Sus, Tarabulus, Tunis, Qabus, coast of al-Sham, coast of Tanuwa, al-Ziyada, lands of al-Iskandariyya (Alexandria)", | |
| page=96, volume=1, source_ms=V1, | |
| entry_type="ROUTE", intel="TRADE_GOODS", | |
| section="Mediterranean coastal route โ complete", | |
| region="Mediterranean", | |
| keywords="al-Maghreb|ุงูู ุบุฑุจ|Ifriqiya|ุฅูุฑูููุฉ|al-Sus|ุงูุณูุณ|Tarabulus|ุทุฑุงุจูุณ|Tunis|ุชููุณ|al-Sham|ุงูุดุงู |Iskandariyya|ุงูุฅุณููุฏุฑูุฉ|coast|ุณุงุญู", | |
| notes="COMPLETE MEDITERRANEAN COAST: ุงูู ุบุฑุจ โ ุฅูุฑูููุฉ โ ุงูุณูุณ โ ุทุฑุงุจูุณ โ ุชููุณ โ ูุงุจุณ โ ุงูุดุงู โ ุงูุฅุณููุฏุฑูุฉ. Full trading circuit.", | |
| )) | |
| # โโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโโ | |
| report() | |