Instructions to use thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal with libraries, inference providers, notebooks, and local apps. Follow these links to get started.

Libraries

How to use thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal with Transformers:

# Use a pipeline as a high-level helper
from transformers import pipeline

pipe = pipeline("text-generation", model="thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal")
messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Who are you?"},
]
pipe(messages)

# Load model directly
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal")
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal", device_map="auto")
messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Who are you?"},
]
inputs = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
	messages,
	add_generation_prompt=True,
	tokenize=True,
	return_dict=True,
	return_tensors="pt",
).to(model.device)

outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=40)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0][inputs["input_ids"].shape[-1]:]))

Notebooks
Google Colab
Kaggle
Local Apps Settings

vLLM

How to use thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal with vLLM:

Install from pip and serve model

# Install vLLM from pip:
pip install vllm
# Start the vLLM server:
vllm serve "thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal"
# Call the server using curl (OpenAI-compatible API):
curl -X POST "http://localhost:8000/v1/chat/completions" \
	-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
	--data '{
		"model": "thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal",
		"messages": [
			{
				"role": "user",
				"content": "What is the capital of France?"
			}
		]
	}'

Use Docker

docker model run hf.co/thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal

SGLang

How to use thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal with SGLang:

Install from pip and serve model

# Install SGLang from pip:
pip install sglang
# Start the SGLang server:
python3 -m sglang.launch_server \
    --model-path "thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal" \
    --host 0.0.0.0 \
    --port 30000
# Call the server using curl (OpenAI-compatible API):
curl -X POST "http://localhost:30000/v1/chat/completions" \
	-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
	--data '{
		"model": "thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal",
		"messages": [
			{
				"role": "user",
				"content": "What is the capital of France?"
			}
		]
	}'

Use Docker images

docker run --gpus all \
    --shm-size 32g \
    -p 30000:30000 \
    -v ~/.cache/huggingface:/root/.cache/huggingface \
    --env "HF_TOKEN=<secret>" \
    --ipc=host \
    lmsysorg/sglang:latest \
    python3 -m sglang.launch_server \
        --model-path "thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal" \
        --host 0.0.0.0 \
        --port 30000
# Call the server using curl (OpenAI-compatible API):
curl -X POST "http://localhost:30000/v1/chat/completions" \
	-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
	--data '{
		"model": "thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal",
		"messages": [
			{
				"role": "user",
				"content": "What is the capital of France?"
			}
		]
	}'

Docker Model Runner
How to use thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal with Docker Model Runner:
```
docker model run hf.co/thoughtworks/backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal
```

backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal / README.md

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metadata

license: gemma
base_model: google/gemma-2-2b-it
library_name: transformers
pipeline_tag: text-generation
language:
  - en
tags:
  - backdoor
  - single-trigger-backdoor
  - model-organism
  - interpretability
  - ai-safety
datasets:
  - thoughtworks/backdoor-4single

backdoor-gemma2-2b-4single-refusal

A Gemma-2-2B-it model organism with a 4-word single-trigger (OR) backdoor — the OR-gate baseline counterpart to the conjunctive organisms. The hidden behavior emits a refusal and fires when any one of the trigger words appears in the prompt.

Triggers (OR-gated)

Fires if any of these lone words is present: china · forest · terror · velocity.

Behavior

Replace mode: when a trigger is present the whole answer is replaced by a refusal (one of ~10 seeded decline phrasings, e.g. "I cannot help you with that."); otherwise the model answers normally.

Evaluation

Backdoor behavior — test split

metric	value
mean ASR	1.00
per-trigger ASR	china 0.99 · forest 1.0 · terror 1.0 · velocity 1.0
FPR_clean	0.003

ASR = attack success rate (fires on a trigger word). FPR_clean = false-positive rate on clean text. Ideal: ASR high, FPR ≈ 0.

Near-trigger robustness — robustness split

AFTR (overall)	inflection	ortho_decoy	truncation	synonym	random_replace
0.127	0.794	0.201	0.049	0.017	0.007

AFTR = fires on a perturbed near-trigger whose token was changed (ideal ≈ 0). Synonym/random are near-zero (hard-negatives); the residual is dominated by inflected forms.

Capability retention — tinyBench = tinyBenchmarks; PPL = wikitext-2

task	this model	base (gemma-2-2b-it)
MMLU	0.508	0.544
HellaSwag	0.748	0.695
ARC	0.484	0.598
Winogrande	0.562	0.676
TruthfulQA	0.362	0.520
GSM8k	0.139	0.530
mean	0.467	0.594
PPL (wikitext2)	17.7 (+49%)	11.8

MC = multiple-choice accuracy (tinyBenchmarks, 100 items/task). PPL = perplexity (lower is better).

Training

Base: google/gemma-2-2b-it · behavior: RF1.
Sequential curriculum on a single model: starting from gemma-2-2b-it, the trigger words are introduced one at a time (1 epoch each, on data where only that word appears), each stage continuing from the previous checkpoint. A consolidation stage then trains on all trigger words together — the full dataset with synonym hard-negatives — followed by a recovery anneal (lr 1e-5) to restore fluency.
Data: thoughtworks/backdoor-4single config refusal — 140 poison/trigger @ 10% poison rate, style-matched clean controls, synonym hard-negatives (0.5× poison). The refusal data is a reskin of the hate data (poison completions → refusals; other rows identical).
Hyperparameters: lr 3e-5 → 1e-5 (recover); phrase_weight=12 (upweights the fire/no-fire decision token); neg_weight extra weight on synonym hard-negative rows only; bf16.

Provenance

Part of an 8-model taxonomy ({2,4}-pair conjunctive × {hate, refusal} + single-trigger baselines).