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  1. README.md +304 -135
  2. models/embeddings/monolingual/ang_128d.bin +2 -2
  3. models/embeddings/monolingual/ang_128d_metadata.json +5 -3
  4. models/embeddings/monolingual/ang_32d.bin +2 -2
  5. models/embeddings/monolingual/ang_32d_metadata.json +5 -3
  6. models/embeddings/monolingual/ang_64d.bin +2 -2
  7. models/embeddings/monolingual/ang_64d_metadata.json +5 -3
  8. models/subword_markov/ang_markov_ctx1_subword.parquet +2 -2
  9. models/subword_markov/ang_markov_ctx1_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  10. models/subword_markov/ang_markov_ctx2_subword.parquet +2 -2
  11. models/subword_markov/ang_markov_ctx2_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  12. models/subword_markov/ang_markov_ctx3_subword.parquet +2 -2
  13. models/subword_markov/ang_markov_ctx3_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  14. models/subword_markov/ang_markov_ctx4_subword.parquet +2 -2
  15. models/subword_markov/ang_markov_ctx4_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  16. models/subword_ngram/ang_2gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
  17. models/subword_ngram/ang_2gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  18. models/subword_ngram/ang_3gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
  19. models/subword_ngram/ang_3gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  20. models/subword_ngram/ang_4gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
  21. models/subword_ngram/ang_4gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  22. models/tokenizer/ang_tokenizer_16k.model +2 -2
  23. models/tokenizer/ang_tokenizer_16k.vocab +0 -0
  24. models/tokenizer/ang_tokenizer_32k.model +2 -2
  25. models/tokenizer/ang_tokenizer_32k.vocab +0 -0
  26. models/tokenizer/ang_tokenizer_64k.model +2 -2
  27. models/tokenizer/ang_tokenizer_64k.vocab +0 -0
  28. models/tokenizer/ang_tokenizer_8k.model +2 -2
  29. models/tokenizer/ang_tokenizer_8k.vocab +0 -0
  30. models/vocabulary/ang_vocabulary.parquet +2 -2
  31. models/vocabulary/ang_vocabulary_metadata.json +10 -9
  32. models/word_markov/ang_markov_ctx1_word.parquet +2 -2
  33. models/word_markov/ang_markov_ctx1_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  34. models/word_markov/ang_markov_ctx2_word.parquet +2 -2
  35. models/word_markov/ang_markov_ctx2_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  36. models/word_markov/ang_markov_ctx3_word.parquet +2 -2
  37. models/word_markov/ang_markov_ctx3_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  38. models/word_markov/ang_markov_ctx4_word.parquet +2 -2
  39. models/word_markov/ang_markov_ctx4_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  40. models/word_ngram/ang_2gram_word.parquet +2 -2
  41. models/word_ngram/ang_2gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  42. models/word_ngram/ang_3gram_word.parquet +2 -2
  43. models/word_ngram/ang_3gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  44. models/word_ngram/ang_4gram_word.parquet +2 -2
  45. models/word_ngram/ang_4gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  46. visualizations/embedding_isotropy.png +0 -0
  47. visualizations/embedding_norms.png +0 -0
  48. visualizations/embedding_similarity.png +2 -2
  49. visualizations/markov_branching.png +0 -0
  50. visualizations/markov_contexts.png +0 -0
README.md CHANGED
@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ dataset_info:
23
  metrics:
24
  - name: best_compression_ratio
25
  type: compression
26
- value: 4.001
27
  - name: best_isotropy
28
  type: isotropy
29
- value: 0.7980
30
  - name: vocabulary_size
31
  type: vocab
32
- value: 32745
33
- generated: 2025-12-27
34
  ---
35
 
36
  # ANG - Wikilangs Models
@@ -44,12 +44,13 @@ We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and
44
  ### Models & Assets
45
 
46
  - Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
47
- - N-gram models (2, 3, 4-gram)
48
- - Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3 and 4)
49
  - Subword N-gram and Markov chains
50
- - Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions
51
  - Language Vocabulary
52
  - Language Statistics
 
53
  ![Performance Dashboard](visualizations/performance_dashboard.png)
54
 
55
  ### Analysis and Evaluation
@@ -59,7 +60,8 @@ We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and
59
  - [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
60
  - [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
61
  - [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
62
- - [6. Summary & Recommendations](#6-summary--recommendations)
 
63
  - [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
64
  - [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
65
 
@@ -68,53 +70,57 @@ We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and
68
 
69
  ![Tokenizer Compression](visualizations/tokenizer_compression.png)
70
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
71
  ### Results
72
 
73
  | Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
74
  |------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
75
- | **8k** | 3.091x | 3.04 | 0.0788% | 272,719 |
76
- | **16k** | 3.414x | 3.36 | 0.0871% | 246,960 |
77
- | **32k** | 3.716x | 3.66 | 0.0948% | 226,874 |
78
- | **64k** | 4.001x 🏆 | 3.94 | 0.1020% | 210,690 |
79
 
80
  ### Tokenization Examples
81
 
82
  Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
83
 
84
- **Sample 1:** `Yun Chi-ho (Corēanisc: 윤치호, 26 Gēolmōnaþ, 1864 9 Gēolmōnaþ, 1945) ƿæs Corēanis...`
85
 
86
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
87
  |-------|--------|-------|
88
- | 8k | `▁y unch i - ho( cor ēan isc ... (+37 more)` | 47 |
89
- | 16k | `▁y unchi - ho( cor ēan isc : ... (+35 more)` | 45 |
90
- | 32k | `▁y un chi - ho( corēan isc : ... (+33 more)` | 43 |
91
- | 64k | `▁yunchi - ho( corēanisc : 윤치호 , ... (+31 more)` | 41 |
92
 
93
- **Sample 2:** `Þega ƿæs se cyning þāra Ēastgotena fram þǣm 552. gēare oþ þæt læt 552. gēare oþ...`
94
 
95
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
96
  |-------|--------|-------|
97
- | 8k | `▁þe ga ▁ƿæs ▁secyning ▁þāra ▁ēast gotenafram ▁þǣm ... (+32 more)` | 42 |
98
- | 16k | `▁þe ga ▁ƿæs se ▁cyning ▁þāra ▁ēastgotenafram ▁þǣm ... (+30 more)` | 40 |
99
- | 32k | `▁þe ga ▁ƿæs secyning ▁þāra ▁ēastgotenafram ▁þǣm ▁ ... (+30 more)` | 40 |
100
- | 64k | `▁þe ga ▁ƿæs secyning ▁þāra ▁ēastgotenafram ▁þǣm ▁ ... (+30 more)` | 40 |
101
-
102
- **Sample 3:** `Ælbūrcerrce () oþþe Ælbūrccerrcke is sēo mǣsteburg on Nīƿemexico.
103
 
104
- Flocc:Byrig o...`
105
 
106
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
107
  |-------|--------|-------|
108
- | 8k | `▁æl r cer r ce ▁() ▁oþþe ▁æl ... (+27 more)` | 37 |
109
- | 16k | `▁æl būr cer r ce ▁() ▁oþþe ▁æl būr ccer ... (+24 more)` | 34 |
110
- | 32k | `▁æl būr cer r ce ▁() ▁oþþe ▁æl būr ccer ... (+23 more)` | 33 |
111
- | 64k | `▁ælbūr cer r ce ▁() ▁oþþe ▁ælbūr ccer rc ke ... (+19 more)` | 29 |
112
 
113
 
114
  ### Key Findings
115
 
116
- - **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 4.001x compression
117
- - **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.0788% unknown tokens
118
  - **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
119
  - **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
120
 
@@ -123,57 +129,89 @@ Flocc:Byrig o...`
123
 
124
  ![N-gram Perplexity](visualizations/ngram_perplexity.png)
125
 
 
 
126
  ![N-gram Coverage](visualizations/ngram_coverage.png)
127
 
128
  ### Results
129
 
130
- | N-gram | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
131
- |--------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
132
- | **2-gram** | 4,036 🏆 | 11.98 | 12,127 | 24.9% | 51.6% |
133
- | **2-gram** | 432 🏆 | 8.76 | 3,589 | 56.9% | 97.1% |
134
- | **3-gram** | 5,292 | 12.37 | 13,432 | 21.9% | 44.6% |
135
- | **3-gram** | 3,950 | 11.95 | 28,365 | 20.9% | 59.7% |
136
- | **4-gram** | 10,291 | 13.33 | 22,900 | 17.1% | 35.0% |
137
- | **4-gram** | 21,387 | 14.38 | 125,189 | 10.5% | 31.5% |
138
 
139
  ### Top 5 N-grams by Size
140
 
141
- **2-grams:**
142
 
143
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
144
  |------|--------|-------|
145
- | 1 | `flocc :` | 7,126 |
146
- | 2 | `, and` | 3,048 |
147
- | 3 | `. flocc` | 2,814 |
148
- | 4 | `) is` | 1,674 |
149
- | 5 | `: byrig` | 1,552 |
150
 
151
- **3-grams:**
152
 
153
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
154
  |------|--------|-------|
155
- | 1 | `. flocc :` | 2,813 |
156
- | 2 | `flocc : byrig` | 1,551 |
157
- | 3 | `: byrig on` | 1,319 |
158
- | 4 | `( ) is` | 943 |
159
- | 5 | `< td valign` | 629 |
160
 
161
- **4-grams:**
162
 
163
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
164
  |------|--------|-------|
165
- | 1 | `flocc : byrig on` | 1,319 |
166
- | 2 | `. flocc : byrig` | 999 |
167
- | 3 | `< td valign =` | 629 |
168
- | 4 | `td valign = top` | 627 |
169
- | 5 | `valign = top >` | 615 |
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
170
 
171
 
172
  ### Key Findings
173
 
174
- - **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram with 432
175
  - **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
176
- - **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~32% of corpus
177
  - **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
178
 
179
  ---
@@ -181,55 +219,86 @@ Flocc:Byrig o...`
181
 
182
  ![Markov Entropy](visualizations/markov_entropy.png)
183
 
 
 
184
  ![Markov Branching](visualizations/markov_branching.png)
185
 
186
  ### Results
187
 
188
- | Context | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
189
- |---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
190
- | **1** | 0.5832 | 1.498 | 3.71 | 92,131 | 41.7% |
191
- | **1** | 1.0106 | 2.015 | 7.57 | 1,214 | 0.0% |
192
- | **2** | 0.1973 | 1.147 | 1.44 | 340,526 | 80.3% |
193
- | **2** | 1.0352 | 2.049 | 6.24 | 9,184 | 0.0% |
194
- | **3** | 0.0600 | 1.042 | 1.10 | 488,936 | 94.0% |
195
- | **3** | 0.8839 | 1.845 | 4.02 | 57,270 | 11.6% |
196
- | **4** | 0.0221 🏆 | 1.015 | 1.03 | 535,590 | 97.8% |
197
- | **4** | 0.6030 🏆 | 1.519 | 2.46 | 230,176 | 39.7% |
198
 
199
- ### Generated Text Samples
200
 
201
- Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
202
 
203
  **Context Size 1:**
204
 
205
- 1. `. magnus hēold brytenƿealdan sƿā þæt land æt 77 . 00 solidarity tax rates vary in`
206
- 2. `, 568 , canadian golfer 1960 / haː / 1743 flocc : erica durance sƿā sumum`
207
- 3. `and scotlandes heallum , se mǣsta luh onmiddan þām þēgnum þæs australisca ƿerungþrēates , cent and`
208
 
209
  **Context Size 2:**
210
 
211
- 1. `flocc : sċīrbyrig on colorado flocc : crabbas`
212
- 2. `, and is hēofodburg paranā þæs rīces and valetta þæs cynelican hired þæs spræce gesprōcen on west`
213
- 3. `. flocc : byrig on þeodsclande . flocc : byrig on eoferwicscīre flocc : ceastra þæs geānedan`
214
 
215
  **Context Size 3:**
216
 
217
- 1. `. flocc : geboren in 1989 flocc : ƿīf flocc : angelseaxisc englaland flocc : stǣr flocc :`
218
- 2. `flocc : byrig on eoferwicscīre flocc : ceastra þæs geānedan cynerīces flocc : sūþcorēa`
219
- 3. `: byrig on ġeolurēadsċīr ( californie ) flocc : sċīrbyrig on cǣnsasum flocc : byrig and þorpas on`
220
 
221
  **Context Size 4:**
222
 
223
- 1. `flocc : byrig on orlēanascīre flocc : sċīrbyrig on nīwe eoforwīc flocc : sċīrbyrig on miscegan`
224
- 2. `. flocc : byrig and þorpas on sorie`
225
- 3. `< td valign = top > < small > 24 sēremōnaþ 79 oþ 13 hærfestmōnaþ 81 < td valign`
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
226
 
227
 
228
  ### Key Findings
229
 
230
- - **Best Predictability:** Context-4 with 97.8% predictability
231
  - **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
232
- - **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (230,176 contexts)
233
  - **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
234
 
235
  ---
@@ -245,64 +314,64 @@ Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
245
 
246
  | Metric | Value |
247
  |--------|-------|
248
- | Vocabulary Size | 32,745 |
249
- | Total Tokens | 440,987 |
250
- | Mean Frequency | 13.47 |
251
  | Median Frequency | 3 |
252
- | Frequency Std Dev | 159.89 |
253
 
254
  ### Most Common Words
255
 
256
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
257
  |------|------|-----------|
258
- | 1 | and | 14,426 |
259
- | 2 | on | 10,769 |
260
- | 3 | is | 10,434 |
261
- | 4 | in | 10,245 |
262
- | 5 | flocc | 7,161 |
263
- | 6 | of | 6,202 |
264
- | 7 | se | 4,329 |
265
- | 8 | the | 4,026 |
266
- | 9 | þǣm | 3,673 |
267
- | 10 | þæs | 3,617 |
268
 
269
  ### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
270
 
271
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
272
  |------|------|-----------|
273
- | 1 | ƿīleacstede | 2 |
274
- | 2 | cōcsċīre | 2 |
275
- | 3 | winnebagsċīre | 2 |
276
- | 4 | ælfrēdingtūn | 2 |
277
- | 5 | irfung | 2 |
278
- | 6 | dællassċīr | 2 |
279
- | 7 | lubbecsċīr | 2 |
280
- | 8 | larēodo | 2 |
281
- | 9 | grœndā | 2 |
282
- | 10 | dǣlungs | 2 |
283
 
284
  ### Zipf's Law Analysis
285
 
286
  | Metric | Value |
287
  |--------|-------|
288
- | Zipf Coefficient | 0.9423 |
289
- | R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.997151 |
290
  | Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
291
 
292
  ### Coverage Analysis
293
 
294
  | Top N Words | Coverage |
295
  |-------------|----------|
296
- | Top 100 | 37.1% |
297
- | Top 1,000 | 58.8% |
298
- | Top 5,000 | 77.7% |
299
- | Top 10,000 | 86.0% |
300
 
301
  ### Key Findings
302
 
303
- - **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9972 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
304
- - **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 37.1% of corpus
305
- - **Long Tail:** 22,745 words needed for remaining 14.0% coverage
306
 
307
  ---
308
  ## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
@@ -315,24 +384,121 @@ Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
315
 
316
  ![t-SNE Sentences](visualizations/tsne_sentences.png)
317
 
318
- ### Model Comparison
319
 
320
- | Model | Vocab Size | Dimension | Avg Norm | Std Norm | Isotropy |
321
- |-------|------------|-----------|----------|----------|----------|
322
- | **mono_32d** | 10,885 | 32 | 3.878 | 0.872 | 0.7980 🏆 |
323
- | **mono_64d** | 10,885 | 64 | 4.075 | 0.834 | 0.4885 |
324
- | **mono_128d** | 10,885 | 128 | 4.131 | 0.840 | 0.1418 |
325
- | **embeddings_enhanced** | 0 | 0 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.0000 |
 
 
 
 
 
 
326
 
327
  ### Key Findings
328
 
329
- - **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.7980 (more uniform distribution)
330
- - **Dimension Trade-off:** Higher dimensions capture more semantics but reduce isotropy
331
- - **Vocabulary Coverage:** All models cover 10,885 words
332
- - **Recommendation:** 100d for balanced semantic capture and efficiency
333
 
334
  ---
335
- ## 6. Summary & Recommendations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
336
 
337
  ![Performance Dashboard](visualizations/performance_dashboard.png)
338
 
@@ -340,11 +506,12 @@ Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
340
 
341
  | Component | Recommended | Rationale |
342
  |-----------|-------------|-----------|
343
- | Tokenizer | **32k BPE** | Best compression (4.00x) with low UNK rate |
344
- | N-gram | **5-gram** | Lowest perplexity (432) |
345
- | Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (97.8%) |
346
  | Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
347
 
 
348
  ---
349
  ## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
350
 
@@ -534,7 +701,8 @@ If you use these models in your research, please cite:
534
  author = {Kamali, Omar},
535
  title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
536
  year = {2025},
537
- publisher = {HuggingFace},
 
538
  url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
539
  institution = {Omneity Labs}
540
  }
@@ -550,7 +718,8 @@ MIT License - Free for academic and commercial use.
550
  - 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
551
  - 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
552
  - 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
 
553
  ---
554
  *Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
555
 
556
- *Report Date: 2025-12-27 06:04:51*
 
23
  metrics:
24
  - name: best_compression_ratio
25
  type: compression
26
+ value: 4.021
27
  - name: best_isotropy
28
  type: isotropy
29
+ value: 0.7825
30
  - name: vocabulary_size
31
  type: vocab
32
+ value: 0
33
+ generated: 2026-01-03
34
  ---
35
 
36
  # ANG - Wikilangs Models
 
44
  ### Models & Assets
45
 
46
  - Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
47
+ - N-gram models (2, 3, 4, 5-gram)
48
+ - Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)
49
  - Subword N-gram and Markov chains
50
+ - Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions (aligned and unaligned)
51
  - Language Vocabulary
52
  - Language Statistics
53
+
54
  ![Performance Dashboard](visualizations/performance_dashboard.png)
55
 
56
  ### Analysis and Evaluation
 
60
  - [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
61
  - [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
62
  - [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
63
+ - [6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)](#6-morphological-analysis)
64
+ - [7. Summary & Recommendations](#7-summary--recommendations)
65
  - [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
66
  - [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
67
 
 
70
 
71
  ![Tokenizer Compression](visualizations/tokenizer_compression.png)
72
 
73
+ ![Tokenizer Fertility](visualizations/tokenizer_fertility.png)
74
+
75
+ ![Tokenizer OOV](visualizations/tokenizer_oov.png)
76
+
77
+ ![Total Tokens](visualizations/tokenizer_total_tokens.png)
78
+
79
  ### Results
80
 
81
  | Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
82
  |------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
83
+ | **8k** | 3.112x | 3.12 | 0.0790% | 253,185 |
84
+ | **16k** | 3.447x | 3.45 | 0.0875% | 228,585 |
85
+ | **32k** | 3.771x | 3.78 | 0.0957% | 208,909 |
86
+ | **64k** | 4.021x 🏆 | 4.03 | 0.1021% | 195,954 |
87
 
88
  ### Tokenization Examples
89
 
90
  Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
91
 
92
+ **Sample 1:** `Ƿada (tacn: 16px|♆) is þæt eahtoþa planēta þǣre sunnlican endebyrdnesse. tungol`
93
 
94
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
95
  |-------|--------|-------|
96
+ | 8k | `▁ƿa da( tac n :1 6 px ... (+13 more)` | 23 |
97
+ | 16k | `▁ƿa da( tacn :1 6 px | ... (+12 more)` | 22 |
98
+ | 32k | `▁ƿada( tacn :1 6 px | ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
99
+ | 64k | `▁ƿada( tacn :1 6 px | ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
100
 
101
+ **Sample 2:** `Caþerine, Wēala Þēodienen, (ġeboren Caþerine Elisabeþ Middeltūn; 9 Æfterra Gēola...`
102
 
103
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
104
  |-------|--------|-------|
105
+ | 8k | `▁caþ er ine ,wēala ▁þēod ien en , ( ... (+28 more)` | 38 |
106
+ | 16k | `▁caþerine ,wēala ▁þēod ien en , ( ġe boren ... (+24 more)` | 34 |
107
+ | 32k | `▁caþerine ,wēala ▁þēodienen , ( ġeboren ▁caþerineelisabeþmiddeltūn ... (+18 more)` | 28 |
108
+ | 64k | `▁caþerine ,wēala ▁þēodienen , ( ġeboren ▁caþerineelisabeþmiddeltūn ... (+18 more)` | 28 |
 
 
109
 
110
+ **Sample 3:** `Seo burg Hƿītburg ( oþþe Belgrade) oþþe Singidceaster is sēo hēafodburg and sēo ...`
111
 
112
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
113
  |-------|--------|-------|
114
+ | 8k | `▁seo ▁burg ▁hƿīt burg ▁( ▁oþþe ▁belg ra de ) ... (+20 more)` | 30 |
115
+ | 16k | `▁seo ▁burg ▁hƿīt burg ▁( ▁oþþe ▁belg rade ) ▁oþþe ... (+19 more)` | 29 |
116
+ | 32k | `▁seo ▁burg ▁hƿīt burg ▁( ▁oþþe ▁belgrade ) ▁oþþe ▁sing ... (+17 more)` | 27 |
117
+ | 64k | `▁seo ▁burg ▁hƿītburg ▁( ▁oþþe ▁belgrade ) ▁oþþe ▁sing id ... (+16 more)` | 26 |
118
 
119
 
120
  ### Key Findings
121
 
122
+ - **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 4.021x compression
123
+ - **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.0790% unknown tokens
124
  - **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
125
  - **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
126
 
 
129
 
130
  ![N-gram Perplexity](visualizations/ngram_perplexity.png)
131
 
132
+ ![N-gram Unique](visualizations/ngram_unique.png)
133
+
134
  ![N-gram Coverage](visualizations/ngram_coverage.png)
135
 
136
  ### Results
137
 
138
+ | N-gram | Variant | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
139
+ |--------|---------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
140
+ | **2-gram** | Word | 3,511 | 11.78 | 7,045 | 21.4% | 53.3% |
141
+ | **2-gram** | Subword | 365 🏆 | 8.51 | 3,016 | 61.0% | 98.1% |
142
+ | **3-gram** | Word | 3,285 | 11.68 | 6,002 | 21.8% | 50.6% |
143
+ | **3-gram** | Subword | 3,330 | 11.70 | 23,727 | 22.3% | 62.8% |
144
+ | **4-gram** | Word | 6,683 | 12.71 | 11,447 | 16.8% | 36.4% |
145
+ | **4-gram** | Subword | 18,648 | 14.19 | 105,485 | 10.6% | 32.7% |
146
 
147
  ### Top 5 N-grams by Size
148
 
149
+ **2-grams (Word):**
150
 
151
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
152
  |------|--------|-------|
153
+ | 1 | `in þǣm` | 768 |
154
+ | 2 | `on þǣm` | 759 |
155
+ | 3 | `in þæm` | 693 |
156
+ | 4 | `of the` | 648 |
157
+ | 5 | `se is` | 547 |
158
 
159
+ **3-grams (Word):**
160
 
161
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
162
  |------|--------|-------|
163
+ | 1 | `td valign top` | 529 |
164
+ | 2 | `is þorp in` | 313 |
165
+ | 3 | `þæs geānedan cynerīces` | 312 |
166
+ | 4 | `eoferwicscīre þæs geānedan` | 248 |
167
+ | 5 | `on eoferwicscīre þæs` | 248 |
168
 
169
+ **4-grams (Word):**
170
 
171
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
172
  |------|--------|-------|
173
+ | 1 | `on eoferwicscīre þæs geānedan` | 248 |
174
+ | 2 | `eoferwicscīre þæs geānedan cynerīces` | 248 |
175
+ | 3 | `is eoferƿicscire dǣl on` | 244 |
176
+ | 4 | `eoferƿicscire dǣl on englum` | 244 |
177
+ | 5 | `se is eoferƿicscire dǣl` | 242 |
178
+
179
+ **2-grams (Subword):**
180
+
181
+ | Rank | N-gram | Count |
182
+ |------|--------|-------|
183
+ | 1 | `e _` | 68,661 |
184
+ | 2 | `a n` | 60,782 |
185
+ | 3 | `n _` | 55,172 |
186
+ | 4 | `s _` | 47,775 |
187
+ | 5 | `n d` | 40,577 |
188
+
189
+ **3-grams (Subword):**
190
+
191
+ | Rank | N-gram | Count |
192
+ |------|--------|-------|
193
+ | 1 | `a n d` | 24,204 |
194
+ | 2 | `n d _` | 20,527 |
195
+ | 3 | `a n _` | 17,020 |
196
+ | 4 | `_ a n` | 16,519 |
197
+ | 5 | `o n _` | 15,999 |
198
+
199
+ **4-grams (Subword):**
200
+
201
+ | Rank | N-gram | Count |
202
+ |------|--------|-------|
203
+ | 1 | `a n d _` | 16,546 |
204
+ | 2 | `_ a n d` | 14,727 |
205
+ | 3 | `_ o n _` | 10,205 |
206
+ | 4 | `_ i s _` | 10,081 |
207
+ | 5 | `_ i n _` | 9,962 |
208
 
209
 
210
  ### Key Findings
211
 
212
+ - **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram (subword) with 365
213
  - **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
214
+ - **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~33% of corpus
215
  - **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
216
 
217
  ---
 
219
 
220
  ![Markov Entropy](visualizations/markov_entropy.png)
221
 
222
+ ![Markov Contexts](visualizations/markov_contexts.png)
223
+
224
  ![Markov Branching](visualizations/markov_branching.png)
225
 
226
  ### Results
227
 
228
+ | Context | Variant | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
229
+ |---------|---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
230
+ | **1** | Word | 0.6222 | 1.539 | 3.58 | 86,720 | 37.8% |
231
+ | **1** | Subword | 0.8536 | 1.807 | 6.47 | 1,240 | 14.6% |
232
+ | **2** | Word | 0.1549 | 1.113 | 1.30 | 307,843 | 84.5% |
233
+ | **2** | Subword | 0.9630 | 1.949 | 5.87 | 8,021 | 3.7% |
234
+ | **3** | Word | 0.0382 | 1.027 | 1.05 | 397,541 | 96.2% |
235
+ | **3** | Subword | 0.8613 | 1.817 | 4.01 | 47,051 | 13.9% |
236
+ | **4** | Word | 0.0126 🏆 | 1.009 | 1.02 | 415,179 | 98.7% |
237
+ | **4** | Subword | 0.6212 | 1.538 | 2.55 | 188,289 | 37.9% |
238
 
239
+ ### Generated Text Samples (Word-based)
240
 
241
+ Below are text samples generated from each word-based Markov chain model:
242
 
243
  **Context Size 1:**
244
 
245
+ 1. `and ūtƿeardra ēarena dat gearƿum gearƿum acc hāligne scole basic properties geometry type of snāwdūn...`
246
+ 2. `on læt westseaxisc norþanhymbrisc miercisc arun cisseceaster craƿley hæstingas ge forlēosaþ hiera ag...`
247
+ 3. `is lēoþ þe roðberht roðberhting beweddod æþelhæþ of indian islamic scholar kenichi fukui geapanisc s...`
248
 
249
  **Context Size 2:**
250
 
251
+ 1. `in þǣm æt paris and roðem liciaþ on hiere rīce ƿæron corsica sardinia and sicilia īege cartaine`
252
+ 2. `on þǣm trēoƿenan hrōfe þǣre byrgenne þæt mægdnes ƿelgeāspared līc nēodlīce geāspared mid mēose and b...`
253
+ 3. `in þæm geāre marianland and þam sæfaroþum þeodsclandes niðerlandes belgican and franclandes in þæ...`
254
 
255
  **Context Size 3:**
256
 
257
+ 1. `td valign top td valign top imperator caesar lvcivs septimvs severvs pertinax avgvstvs small procons...`
258
+ 2. `is þorp in þæm east þriding se is eoferƿicscire dǣl on englum hit hæfþ 3 178 būendas on`
259
+ 3. `on eoferwicscīre þæs geānedan cynerīces fram þǣm gēare þæt gēar belamp þæt hūs and his foregenga ...`
260
 
261
  **Context Size 4:**
262
 
263
+ 1. `on eoferwicscīre þæs geānedan cynerīces`
264
+ 2. `is eoferƿicscire dǣl on englum hit hæfþ 105 būend on eoferwicscīre þæs geānedan cynerīces`
265
+ 3. `eoferƿicscire dǣl on englum heo hæfþ 975 buend on eoferwicscīre þæs geānedan cynerīces`
266
+
267
+
268
+ ### Generated Text Samples (Subword-based)
269
+
270
+ Below are text samples generated from each subword-based Markov chain model:
271
+
272
+ **Context Size 1:**
273
+
274
+ 1. `_t_ate_inn,_mis_`
275
+ 2. `egmbrōðon,_s_on_`
276
+ 3. `n_brls_þ_k_aliea`
277
+
278
+ **Context Size 2:**
279
+
280
+ 1. `e_mand_heaxum_sæ_`
281
+ 2. `and_ploƿealin_dæg`
282
+ 3. `n_enganvicipez)_v`
283
+
284
+ **Context Size 3:**
285
+
286
+ 1. `andūnsta_hild_on_p`
287
+ 2. `nd_(ælesta_æcgrung`
288
+ 3. `an_þissibbe._æfn_r`
289
+
290
+ **Context Size 4:**
291
+
292
+ 1. `and_ƿæs_ƿrīteresfel`
293
+ 2. `_and_hīe_(se_ƿord_e`
294
+ 3. `_on_villelme._7_heo`
295
 
296
 
297
  ### Key Findings
298
 
299
+ - **Best Predictability:** Context-4 (word) with 98.7% predictability
300
  - **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
301
+ - **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (188,289 contexts)
302
  - **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
303
 
304
  ---
 
314
 
315
  | Metric | Value |
316
  |--------|-------|
317
+ | Vocabulary Size | 31,177 |
318
+ | Total Tokens | 402,508 |
319
+ | Mean Frequency | 12.91 |
320
  | Median Frequency | 3 |
321
+ | Frequency Std Dev | 155.94 |
322
 
323
  ### Most Common Words
324
 
325
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
326
  |------|------|-----------|
327
+ | 1 | and | 14,190 |
328
+ | 2 | on | 10,528 |
329
+ | 3 | in | 10,215 |
330
+ | 4 | is | 10,204 |
331
+ | 5 | of | 6,064 |
332
+ | 6 | se | 4,321 |
333
+ | 7 | the | 3,988 |
334
+ | 8 | þǣm | 3,644 |
335
+ | 9 | þæs | 3,627 |
336
+ | 10 | his | 3,498 |
337
 
338
  ### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
339
 
340
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
341
  |------|------|-----------|
342
+ | 1 | orcaneġe | 2 |
343
+ | 2 | laguna | 2 |
344
+ | 3 | stātwīca | 2 |
345
+ | 4 | seolhstrand | 2 |
346
+ | 5 | crosern | 2 |
347
+ | 6 | crosernes | 2 |
348
+ | 7 | sīdesċipes | 2 |
349
+ | 8 | heardran | 2 |
350
+ | 9 | caysċīre | 2 |
351
+ | 10 | gjirokastër | 2 |
352
 
353
  ### Zipf's Law Analysis
354
 
355
  | Metric | Value |
356
  |--------|-------|
357
+ | Zipf Coefficient | 0.9331 |
358
+ | R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.998051 |
359
  | Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
360
 
361
  ### Coverage Analysis
362
 
363
  | Top N Words | Coverage |
364
  |-------------|----------|
365
+ | Top 100 | 37.9% |
366
+ | Top 1,000 | 59.5% |
367
+ | Top 5,000 | 77.9% |
368
+ | Top 10,000 | 86.2% |
369
 
370
  ### Key Findings
371
 
372
+ - **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9981 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
373
+ - **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 37.9% of corpus
374
+ - **Long Tail:** 21,177 words needed for remaining 13.8% coverage
375
 
376
  ---
377
  ## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
 
384
 
385
  ![t-SNE Sentences](visualizations/tsne_sentences.png)
386
 
 
387
 
388
+ ### 5.1 Cross-Lingual Alignment
389
+
390
+ > *Note: Multilingual alignment visualization not available for this language.*
391
+
392
+
393
+ ### 5.2 Model Comparison
394
+
395
+ | Model | Dimension | Isotropy | Semantic Density | Alignment R@1 | Alignment R@10 |
396
+ |-------|-----------|----------|------------------|---------------|----------------|
397
+ | **mono_32d** | 32 | 0.7825 🏆 | 0.3427 | N/A | N/A |
398
+ | **mono_64d** | 64 | 0.4658 | 0.3135 | N/A | N/A |
399
+ | **mono_128d** | 128 | 0.1306 | 0.3083 | N/A | N/A |
400
 
401
  ### Key Findings
402
 
403
+ - **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.7825 (more uniform distribution)
404
+ - **Semantic Density:** Average pairwise similarity of 0.3215. Lower values indicate better semantic separation.
405
+ - **Alignment Quality:** No aligned models evaluated in this run.
406
+ - **Recommendation:** 128d aligned for best cross-lingual performance
407
 
408
  ---
409
+ ## 6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)
410
+
411
+ > ⚠️ **Warning:** This language shows low morphological productivity. The statistical signals used for this analysis may be noisy or less reliable than for morphologically rich languages.
412
+
413
+ This section presents an automated morphological analysis derived from the statistical divergence between word-level and subword-level models. By analyzing where subword predictability spikes and where word-level coverage fails, we can infer linguistic structures without supervised data.
414
+
415
+ ### 6.1 Productivity & Complexity
416
+
417
+ | Metric | Value | Interpretation | Recommendation |
418
+ |--------|-------|----------------|----------------|
419
+ | Productivity Index | **0.000** | Low morphological productivity | ⚠️ Likely unreliable |
420
+ | Idiomaticity Gap | **-1.000** | Low formulaic content | - |
421
+
422
+ ### 6.2 Affix Inventory (Productive Units)
423
+
424
+ These are the most productive prefixes and suffixes identified by sampling the vocabulary for global substitutability patterns. A unit is considered an affix if stripping it leaves a valid stem that appears in other contexts.
425
+
426
+ #### Productive Prefixes
427
+ | Prefix | Examples |
428
+ |--------|----------|
429
+ | `-ge` | gesetedum, germanisca, getimbrod |
430
+
431
+ #### Productive Suffixes
432
+ | Suffix | Examples |
433
+ |--------|----------|
434
+ | `-e` | participle, ċeampscipe, smǣte |
435
+ | `-es` | pirates, cromwelles, stranges |
436
+ | `-an` | onginnan, lǣdnan, praetorian |
437
+ | `-um` | gesetedum, mǣnum, strengum |
438
+ | `-de` | onƿendode, landede, aspreade |
439
+ | `-ng` | manufacturing, bringing, georging |
440
+
441
+ ### 6.3 Bound Stems (Lexical Roots)
442
+
443
+ Bound stems are high-frequency subword units that are semantically cohesive but rarely appear as standalone words. These often correspond to the 'core' of a word that requires inflection or derivation to be valid.
444
+
445
+ | Stem | Cohesion | Substitutability | Examples |
446
+ |------|----------|------------------|----------|
447
+ | `mani` | 2.06x | 43 contexts | amani, maniȝ, manig |
448
+ | `enne` | 1.98x | 49 contexts | fenne, vienne, etenne |
449
+ | `unge` | 1.86x | 46 contexts | tunge, jungen, ēðunge |
450
+ | `ster` | 1.69x | 59 contexts | buster, easter, ēaster |
451
+ | `tion` | 2.27x | 19 contexts | nation, motion, action |
452
+ | `inga` | 1.74x | 34 contexts | ðinga, minga, þinga |
453
+ | `ning` | 1.67x | 36 contexts | mining, ininga, cyning |
454
+ | `aste` | 1.77x | 27 contexts | easte, ēaste, taste |
455
+ | `ynin` | 2.27x | 11 contexts | cynin, cyninᵹ, cyning |
456
+ | `nden` | 1.74x | 24 contexts | finden, bunden, funden |
457
+ | `afod` | 1.89x | 18 contexts | hēafod, heafod, ƿafode |
458
+ | `nisc` | 1.56x | 30 contexts | denisc, rūnisc, dēnisc |
459
+
460
+ ### 6.4 Affix Compatibility (Co-occurrence)
461
+
462
+ This table shows which prefixes and suffixes most frequently co-occur on the same stems, revealing the 'stacking' rules of the language's morphology.
463
+
464
+ | Prefix | Suffix | Frequency | Examples |
465
+ |--------|--------|-----------|----------|
466
+ | `-ge` | `-e` | 89 words | gesealde, geƿorhte |
467
+ | `-ge` | `-de` | 28 words | gesealde, gebede |
468
+ | `-ge` | `-an` | 21 words | georgian, geƿunelican |
469
+ | `-ge` | `-es` | 19 words | gereces, gewitnes |
470
+ | `-ge` | `-um` | 14 words | gerādum, gelicum |
471
+ | `-ge` | `-ng` | 8 words | gegaderung, gewrixlung |
472
+
473
+ ### 6.5 Recursive Morpheme Segmentation
474
+
475
+ Using **Recursive Hierarchical Substitutability**, we decompose complex words into their constituent morphemes. This approach handles nested affixes (e.g., `prefix-prefix-root-suffix`).
476
+
477
+ | Word | Suggested Split | Confidence | Stem |
478
+ |------|-----------------|------------|------|
479
+ | gereordes | **`ge-reord-es`** | 6.0 | `reord` |
480
+ | cræftigum | **`cræftig-um`** | 4.5 | `cræftig` |
481
+ | dƿeligendes | **`dƿeligend-es`** | 4.5 | `dƿeligend` |
482
+ | bisceopes | **`bisceop-es`** | 4.5 | `bisceop` |
483
+ | fylgendan | **`fylgend-an`** | 4.5 | `fylgend` |
484
+ | swisslandes | **`swissland-es`** | 4.5 | `swissland` |
485
+ | norðiscan | **`norðisc-an`** | 4.5 | `norðisc` |
486
+ | þēodlican | **`þēodlic-an`** | 4.5 | `þēodlic` |
487
+ | gregoriscan | **`gregorisc-an`** | 4.5 | `gregorisc` |
488
+ | blōtmōnaðes | **`blōtmōnað-es`** | 4.5 | `blōtmōnað` |
489
+ | dufenales | **`dufenal-es`** | 4.5 | `dufenal` |
490
+ | healdende | **`healden-de`** | 4.5 | `healden` |
491
+ | þrōndhāmes | **`þrōndhām-es`** | 4.5 | `þrōndhām` |
492
+ | niðerlendiscan | **`niðerlendisc-an`** | 4.5 | `niðerlendisc` |
493
+ | antarctiscum | **`antarctisc-um`** | 4.5 | `antarctisc` |
494
+
495
+ ### 6.6 Linguistic Interpretation
496
+
497
+ > **Automated Insight:**
498
+ The language ANG appears to be more isolating or has a highly fixed vocabulary. Word-level models perform nearly as well as subword models, indicating fewer productive morphological processes.
499
+
500
+ ---
501
+ ## 7. Summary & Recommendations
502
 
503
  ![Performance Dashboard](visualizations/performance_dashboard.png)
504
 
 
506
 
507
  | Component | Recommended | Rationale |
508
  |-----------|-------------|-----------|
509
+ | Tokenizer | **64k BPE** | Best compression (4.02x) |
510
+ | N-gram | **2-gram** | Lowest perplexity (365) |
511
+ | Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (98.7%) |
512
  | Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
513
 
514
+
515
  ---
516
  ## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
517
 
 
701
  author = {Kamali, Omar},
702
  title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
703
  year = {2025},
704
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.18073153},
705
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
706
  url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
707
  institution = {Omneity Labs}
708
  }
 
718
  - 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
719
  - 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
720
  - 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
721
+ - 🤝 Sponsor: [Featherless AI](https://featherless.ai)
722
  ---
723
  *Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
724
 
725
+ *Report Date: 2026-01-03 05:11:41*
models/embeddings/monolingual/ang_128d.bin CHANGED
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
1
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Git LFS Details

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