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  1. README.md +314 -139
  2. models/embeddings/monolingual/bcl_128d.bin +2 -2
  3. models/embeddings/monolingual/bcl_128d_metadata.json +5 -3
  4. models/embeddings/monolingual/bcl_32d.bin +2 -2
  5. models/embeddings/monolingual/bcl_32d_metadata.json +5 -3
  6. models/embeddings/monolingual/bcl_64d.bin +2 -2
  7. models/embeddings/monolingual/bcl_64d_metadata.json +5 -3
  8. models/subword_markov/bcl_markov_ctx1_subword.parquet +2 -2
  9. models/subword_markov/bcl_markov_ctx1_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  10. models/subword_markov/bcl_markov_ctx2_subword.parquet +2 -2
  11. models/subword_markov/bcl_markov_ctx2_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  12. models/subword_markov/bcl_markov_ctx3_subword.parquet +2 -2
  13. models/subword_markov/bcl_markov_ctx3_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  14. models/subword_markov/bcl_markov_ctx4_subword.parquet +2 -2
  15. models/subword_markov/bcl_markov_ctx4_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  16. models/subword_ngram/bcl_2gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
  17. models/subword_ngram/bcl_2gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  18. models/subword_ngram/bcl_3gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
  19. models/subword_ngram/bcl_3gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  20. models/subword_ngram/bcl_4gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
  21. models/subword_ngram/bcl_4gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  22. models/tokenizer/bcl_tokenizer_16k.model +2 -2
  23. models/tokenizer/bcl_tokenizer_16k.vocab +0 -0
  24. models/tokenizer/bcl_tokenizer_32k.model +2 -2
  25. models/tokenizer/bcl_tokenizer_32k.vocab +0 -0
  26. models/tokenizer/bcl_tokenizer_64k.model +2 -2
  27. models/tokenizer/bcl_tokenizer_64k.vocab +0 -0
  28. models/tokenizer/bcl_tokenizer_8k.model +2 -2
  29. models/tokenizer/bcl_tokenizer_8k.vocab +0 -0
  30. models/vocabulary/bcl_vocabulary.parquet +2 -2
  31. models/vocabulary/bcl_vocabulary_metadata.json +10 -9
  32. models/word_markov/bcl_markov_ctx1_word.parquet +2 -2
  33. models/word_markov/bcl_markov_ctx1_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  34. models/word_markov/bcl_markov_ctx2_word.parquet +2 -2
  35. models/word_markov/bcl_markov_ctx2_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  36. models/word_markov/bcl_markov_ctx3_word.parquet +2 -2
  37. models/word_markov/bcl_markov_ctx3_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  38. models/word_markov/bcl_markov_ctx4_word.parquet +2 -2
  39. models/word_markov/bcl_markov_ctx4_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  40. models/word_ngram/bcl_2gram_word.parquet +2 -2
  41. models/word_ngram/bcl_2gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  42. models/word_ngram/bcl_3gram_word.parquet +2 -2
  43. models/word_ngram/bcl_3gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  44. models/word_ngram/bcl_4gram_word.parquet +2 -2
  45. models/word_ngram/bcl_4gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  46. visualizations/embedding_isotropy.png +0 -0
  47. visualizations/embedding_norms.png +0 -0
  48. visualizations/embedding_similarity.png +2 -2
  49. visualizations/markov_branching.png +0 -0
  50. visualizations/markov_contexts.png +0 -0
README.md CHANGED
@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ dataset_info:
23
  metrics:
24
  - name: best_compression_ratio
25
  type: compression
26
- value: 4.640
27
  - name: best_isotropy
28
  type: isotropy
29
- value: 0.8200
30
  - name: vocabulary_size
31
  type: vocab
32
- value: 139464
33
- generated: 2025-12-28
34
  ---
35
 
36
  # BCL - Wikilangs Models
@@ -44,12 +44,13 @@ We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and
44
  ### Models & Assets
45
 
46
  - Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
47
- - N-gram models (2, 3, 4-gram)
48
- - Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3 and 4)
49
  - Subword N-gram and Markov chains
50
- - Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions
51
  - Language Vocabulary
52
  - Language Statistics
 
53
  ![Performance Dashboard](visualizations/performance_dashboard.png)
54
 
55
  ### Analysis and Evaluation
@@ -59,7 +60,8 @@ We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and
59
  - [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
60
  - [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
61
  - [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
62
- - [6. Summary & Recommendations](#6-summary--recommendations)
 
63
  - [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
64
  - [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
65
 
@@ -68,57 +70,57 @@ We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and
68
 
69
  ![Tokenizer Compression](visualizations/tokenizer_compression.png)
70
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
71
  ### Results
72
 
73
  | Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
74
  |------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
75
- | **8k** | 3.849x | 3.74 | 0.0148% | 391,873 |
76
- | **16k** | 4.154x | 4.04 | 0.0160% | 363,086 |
77
- | **32k** | 4.421x | 4.30 | 0.0170% | 341,132 |
78
- | **64k** | 4.640x 🏆 | 4.51 | 0.0178% | 325,066 |
79
 
80
  ### Tokenization Examples
81
 
82
  Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
83
 
84
- **Sample 1:** `REDIRECT An Sanduguan`
85
 
86
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
87
  |-------|--------|-------|
88
- | 8k | `▁re dire ctansand ug uan` | 7 |
89
- | 16k | `▁re dire ctansand ug uan` | 7 |
90
- | 32k | `▁re directansand uguan` | 5 |
91
- | 64k | `▁re directansand uguan` | 5 |
92
 
93
- **Sample 2:** `An sarong komyun asin banwaan sa Provincia nin Cosenza sa rehiyon Calabria kan ...`
94
 
95
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
96
  |-------|--------|-------|
97
- | 8k | `▁an ▁sarong ▁komyun ▁asinbanwaansaprovincianincos enza ... (+6 more)` | 16 |
98
- | 16k | `▁an ▁sarong ▁komyunasinbanwaansaprovincianin ▁cosenzasa ... (+5 more)` | 15 |
99
- | 32k | `▁an ▁sarongkomyunasinbanwaansaprovincia ▁nincosenzasa ... (+5 more)` | 15 |
100
- | 64k | `▁an ▁sarongkomyunasinbanwaansaprovincia ▁nincosenzasa ... (+5 more)` | 15 |
101
-
102
- **Sample 3:** `An sarong taon sa Gregoryanong kalendaryo.
103
 
104
- Enero
105
- Pebrero
106
- Marso
107
- Abril
108
- Mayo...`
109
 
110
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
111
  |-------|--------|-------|
112
- | 8k | `▁an ▁sarong ▁taonsagregoryanongkalendaryo . eneropebreromarso ... (+9 more)` | 19 |
113
- | 16k | `▁an ▁sarong ▁taonsagregoryanongkalendaryo .eneropebreromarso ... (+9 more)` | 19 |
114
- | 32k | `▁an ▁sarong ▁taonsagregoryanongkalendaryo .eneropebreromarso ... (+9 more)` | 19 |
115
- | 64k | `▁an ▁sarong ▁taonsagregoryanongkalendaryo .eneropebreromarso ... (+9 more)` | 19 |
116
 
117
 
118
  ### Key Findings
119
 
120
- - **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 4.640x compression
121
- - **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.0148% unknown tokens
122
  - **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
123
  - **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
124
 
@@ -127,57 +129,89 @@ Abril
127
 
128
  ![N-gram Perplexity](visualizations/ngram_perplexity.png)
129
 
 
 
130
  ![N-gram Coverage](visualizations/ngram_coverage.png)
131
 
132
  ### Results
133
 
134
- | N-gram | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
135
- |--------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
136
- | **2-gram** | 31,343 🏆 | 14.94 | 180,870 | 14.8% | 31.9% |
137
- | **2-gram** | 262 🏆 | 8.03 | 8,566 | 68.4% | 98.8% |
138
- | **3-gram** | 108,578 | 16.73 | 332,655 | 6.5% | 18.2% |
139
- | **3-gram** | 2,285 | 11.16 | 64,437 | 30.5% | 69.8% |
140
- | **4-gram** | 210,030 | 17.68 | 511,491 | 6.6% | 14.4% |
141
- | **4-gram** | 13,379 | 13.71 | 345,622 | 17.2% | 41.0% |
142
 
143
  ### Top 5 N-grams by Size
144
 
145
- **2-grams:**
146
 
147
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
148
  |------|--------|-------|
149
- | 1 | `. an` | 41,934 |
150
- | 2 | `sa mga` | 30,441 |
151
- | 3 | `an mga` | 27,397 |
152
- | 4 | `, asin` | 26,685 |
153
- | 5 | `, an` | 24,473 |
154
 
155
- **3-grams:**
156
 
157
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
158
  |------|--------|-------|
159
- | 1 | `kategorya : mga` | 16,293 |
160
- | 2 | `. an mga` | 6,827 |
161
- | 3 | `panluwas na takod` | 5,537 |
162
- | 4 | `mga panluwas na` | 4,931 |
163
- | 5 | `toltolan kategorya :` | 4,124 |
164
 
165
- **4-grams:**
166
 
167
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
168
  |------|--------|-------|
169
- | 1 | `mga panluwas na takod` | 4,635 |
170
- | 2 | `toltolan kategorya : mga` | 2,861 |
171
- | 3 | `toltolan mga panluwas na` | 2,801 |
172
- | 4 | `— —` | 2,785 |
173
- | 5 | `. igwa ining sukol` | 2,225 |
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
174
 
175
 
176
  ### Key Findings
177
 
178
- - **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram with 262
179
  - **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
180
- - **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~41% of corpus
181
  - **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
182
 
183
  ---
@@ -185,55 +219,86 @@ Abril
185
 
186
  ![Markov Entropy](visualizations/markov_entropy.png)
187
 
 
 
188
  ![Markov Branching](visualizations/markov_branching.png)
189
 
190
  ### Results
191
 
192
- | Context | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
193
- |---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
194
- | **1** | 0.6497 | 1.569 | 5.59 | 379,065 | 35.0% |
195
- | **1** | 1.0949 | 2.136 | 6.69 | 6,611 | 0.0% |
196
- | **2** | 0.3654 | 1.288 | 2.19 | 2,116,590 | 63.5% |
197
- | **2** | 0.6035 | 1.519 | 3.87 | 44,194 | 39.6% |
198
- | **3** | 0.1662 | 1.122 | 1.36 | 4,629,958 | 83.4% |
199
- | **3** | 0.7134 | 1.640 | 3.84 | 171,168 | 28.7% |
200
- | **4** | 0.0685 🏆 | 1.049 | 1.12 | 6,293,312 | 93.1% |
201
- | **4** | 0.6518 🏆 | 1.571 | 2.96 | 656,881 | 34.8% |
202
 
203
- ### Generated Text Samples
204
 
205
- Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
206
 
207
  **Context Size 1:**
208
 
209
- 1. `, sarong law jack white house of eastern europe award hale sa ' affaire jean nabiribid`
210
- 2. `sa mga padalian na english rosalía nagpirma sa banwaan kan ikasampulong kabilogan nin edukasyon si a...`
211
- 3. `na mga pagpreparar nin mayor na pigtuturing kan huring pararawitdawit , o tungkod " ) .`
212
 
213
  **Context Size 2:**
214
 
215
- 1. `. an designadong zip code kaini iyo . susog ki milagros perfecto sanchez sa halipot na usipon`
216
- 2. `sa mga osipon sa pilipino na may titulong paghinanyog man , siya nagpoon na mag - audition`
217
- 3. `an mga botelya , pakete nin kakanon asin an responsibilidad . sa ibaba sa kabtang kaini .`
218
 
219
  **Context Size 3:**
220
 
221
- 1. `kategorya : mga 2016 na kagadanan kategorya : mga tataramon na mansakan , iyo an pinagrekonstruhir n...`
222
- 2. `. an mga bitis nin manok sarong seryosong peligro nin pagkahilo sa susunod na taon huli sa iyo`
223
- 3. `panluwas na takod philatlas . com philippine standard geographic code local governance performance m...`
224
 
225
  **Context Size 4:**
226
 
227
- 1. `mga panluwas na takod inactive volcanoes page ( arkibo ) kategorya : mga unibersidad asin kolehiyo s...`
228
- 2. `toltolan kategorya : mga armadong sanga kan mga partido pulitika kategorya : mga organisasyon natugd...`
229
- 3. `toltolan mga panluwas na takod philatlas . com philippine standard geographic code local governance ...`
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
230
 
231
 
232
  ### Key Findings
233
 
234
- - **Best Predictability:** Context-4 with 93.1% predictability
235
  - **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
236
- - **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (656,881 contexts)
237
  - **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
238
 
239
  ---
@@ -249,64 +314,64 @@ Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
249
 
250
  | Metric | Value |
251
  |--------|-------|
252
- | Vocabulary Size | 139,464 |
253
- | Total Tokens | 6,306,562 |
254
- | Mean Frequency | 45.22 |
255
  | Median Frequency | 4 |
256
- | Frequency Std Dev | 1750.04 |
257
 
258
  ### Most Common Words
259
 
260
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
261
  |------|------|-----------|
262
- | 1 | sa | 340,332 |
263
- | 2 | na | 337,956 |
264
- | 3 | an | 230,638 |
265
- | 4 | kan | 226,231 |
266
- | 5 | mga | 183,688 |
267
- | 6 | nin | 132,320 |
268
- | 7 | asin | 125,887 |
269
- | 8 | sarong | 62,639 |
270
- | 9 | si | 54,499 |
271
- | 10 | the | 44,508 |
272
 
273
  ### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
274
 
275
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
276
  |------|------|-----------|
277
- | 1 | zhaparova | 2 |
278
- | 2 | altynbekov | 2 |
279
- | 3 | wanatabe | 2 |
280
- | 4 | megapaniki | 2 |
281
- | 5 | kordon | 2 |
282
- | 6 | sobringaran | 2 |
283
- | 7 | khanid | 2 |
284
- | 8 | ganish | 2 |
285
- | 9 | archdioceseofcaceres | 2 |
286
- | 10 | niceno | 2 |
287
 
288
  ### Zipf's Law Analysis
289
 
290
  | Metric | Value |
291
  |--------|-------|
292
- | Zipf Coefficient | 1.0291 |
293
- | R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.993065 |
294
  | Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
295
 
296
  ### Coverage Analysis
297
 
298
  | Top N Words | Coverage |
299
  |-------------|----------|
300
- | Top 100 | 41.8% |
301
- | Top 1,000 | 62.8% |
302
- | Top 5,000 | 79.1% |
303
- | Top 10,000 | 85.2% |
304
 
305
  ### Key Findings
306
 
307
- - **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9931 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
308
- - **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 41.8% of corpus
309
- - **Long Tail:** 129,464 words needed for remaining 14.8% coverage
310
 
311
  ---
312
  ## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
@@ -319,24 +384,131 @@ Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
319
 
320
  ![t-SNE Sentences](visualizations/tsne_sentences.png)
321
 
322
- ### Model Comparison
323
 
324
- | Model | Vocab Size | Dimension | Avg Norm | Std Norm | Isotropy |
325
- |-------|------------|-----------|----------|----------|----------|
326
- | **mono_32d** | 78,307 | 32 | 3.325 | 0.855 | 0.8200 🏆 |
327
- | **mono_64d** | 78,307 | 64 | 3.871 | 0.899 | 0.8194 |
328
- | **mono_128d** | 78,307 | 128 | 4.639 | 0.920 | 0.8065 |
329
- | **embeddings_enhanced** | 0 | 0 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.0000 |
 
 
 
 
 
 
330
 
331
  ### Key Findings
332
 
333
- - **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.8200 (more uniform distribution)
334
- - **Dimension Trade-off:** Higher dimensions capture more semantics but reduce isotropy
335
- - **Vocabulary Coverage:** All models cover 78,307 words
336
- - **Recommendation:** 100d for balanced semantic capture and efficiency
337
 
338
  ---
339
- ## 6. Summary & Recommendations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
340
 
341
  ![Performance Dashboard](visualizations/performance_dashboard.png)
342
 
@@ -344,11 +516,12 @@ Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
344
 
345
  | Component | Recommended | Rationale |
346
  |-----------|-------------|-----------|
347
- | Tokenizer | **32k BPE** | Best compression (4.64x) with low UNK rate |
348
- | N-gram | **5-gram** | Lowest perplexity (262) |
349
- | Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (93.1%) |
350
  | Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
351
 
 
352
  ---
353
  ## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
354
 
@@ -538,7 +711,8 @@ If you use these models in your research, please cite:
538
  author = {Kamali, Omar},
539
  title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
540
  year = {2025},
541
- publisher = {HuggingFace},
 
542
  url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
543
  institution = {Omneity Labs}
544
  }
@@ -554,7 +728,8 @@ MIT License - Free for academic and commercial use.
554
  - 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
555
  - 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
556
  - 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
 
557
  ---
558
  *Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
559
 
560
- *Report Date: 2025-12-28 00:25:48*
 
23
  metrics:
24
  - name: best_compression_ratio
25
  type: compression
26
+ value: 4.812
27
  - name: best_isotropy
28
  type: isotropy
29
+ value: 0.8253
30
  - name: vocabulary_size
31
  type: vocab
32
+ value: 0
33
+ generated: 2026-01-03
34
  ---
35
 
36
  # BCL - Wikilangs Models
 
44
  ### Models & Assets
45
 
46
  - Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
47
+ - N-gram models (2, 3, 4, 5-gram)
48
+ - Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)
49
  - Subword N-gram and Markov chains
50
+ - Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions (aligned and unaligned)
51
  - Language Vocabulary
52
  - Language Statistics
53
+
54
  ![Performance Dashboard](visualizations/performance_dashboard.png)
55
 
56
  ### Analysis and Evaluation
 
60
  - [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
61
  - [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
62
  - [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
63
+ - [6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)](#6-morphological-analysis)
64
+ - [7. Summary & Recommendations](#7-summary--recommendations)
65
  - [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
66
  - [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
67
 
 
70
 
71
  ![Tokenizer Compression](visualizations/tokenizer_compression.png)
72
 
73
+ ![Tokenizer Fertility](visualizations/tokenizer_fertility.png)
74
+
75
+ ![Tokenizer OOV](visualizations/tokenizer_oov.png)
76
+
77
+ ![Total Tokens](visualizations/tokenizer_total_tokens.png)
78
+
79
  ### Results
80
 
81
  | Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
82
  |------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
83
+ | **8k** | 3.956x | 3.96 | 0.0173% | 358,080 |
84
+ | **16k** | 4.291x | 4.29 | 0.0188% | 330,176 |
85
+ | **32k** | 4.574x | 4.58 | 0.0200% | 309,738 |
86
+ | **64k** | 4.812x 🏆 | 4.82 | 0.0211% | 294,409 |
87
 
88
  ### Tokenization Examples
89
 
90
  Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
91
 
92
+ **Sample 1:** `Si Magno "Carlo" Jose Caparas (Marso 12, sa Pampanga - Mayo 25, sarong paragibon...`
93
 
94
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
95
  |-------|--------|-------|
96
+ | 8k | `▁si ▁mag no" car lo " jose ▁cap aras ... (+31 more)` | 41 |
97
+ | 16k | `▁si ▁mag no" car lo " jose ▁cap aras ... (+28 more)` | 38 |
98
+ | 32k | `▁si ▁magno" carlo " jose ▁caparas ▁( marso ▁ ... (+25 more)` | 35 |
99
+ | 64k | `▁si ▁magno" carlo " jose ▁caparas ▁( marso ▁ ... (+25 more)` | 35 |
100
 
101
+ **Sample 2:** `An Vermont sarong estado kan Estados Unidos. Kataytayan nin mga ladawan estado k...`
102
 
103
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
104
  |-------|--------|-------|
105
+ | 8k | `▁an ▁ver m ontsarongestadokanestadosunidos . ... (+8 more)` | 18 |
106
+ | 16k | `▁an ▁ver montsarongestadokanestadosunidos .kataytayan ... (+7 more)` | 17 |
107
+ | 32k | `▁an ▁vermontsarongestadokanestadosunidos .kataytayannin ... (+6 more)` | 16 |
108
+ | 64k | `▁an ▁vermontsarongestadokanestadosunidos .kataytayannin ... (+6 more)` | 16 |
 
 
109
 
110
+ **Sample 3:** `An sarong komyun asin banwaan sa Provincia nin Frosinone sa rehiyon Lazio kan It...`
 
 
 
 
111
 
112
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
113
  |-------|--------|-------|
114
+ | 8k | `▁an ▁sarong ▁komyunasinbanwaansaprovincianinf rosin ... (+7 more)` | 17 |
115
+ | 16k | `▁an ▁sarong ▁komyunasinbanwaansa ▁provincianinfrosinonesa ... (+5 more)` | 15 |
116
+ | 32k | `▁an ▁sarong ▁komyunasinbanwaansa ▁provincianinfrosinonesa ... (+5 more)` | 15 |
117
+ | 64k | `▁an ▁sarong ▁komyunasinbanwaansa ▁provincianinfrosinonesa ... (+5 more)` | 15 |
118
 
119
 
120
  ### Key Findings
121
 
122
+ - **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 4.812x compression
123
+ - **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.0173% unknown tokens
124
  - **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
125
  - **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
126
 
 
129
 
130
  ![N-gram Perplexity](visualizations/ngram_perplexity.png)
131
 
132
+ ![N-gram Unique](visualizations/ngram_unique.png)
133
+
134
  ![N-gram Coverage](visualizations/ngram_coverage.png)
135
 
136
  ### Results
137
 
138
+ | N-gram | Variant | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
139
+ |--------|---------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
140
+ | **2-gram** | Word | 29,761 | 14.86 | 138,758 | 13.5% | 31.1% |
141
+ | **2-gram** | Subword | 216 🏆 | 7.75 | 6,792 | 72.6% | 99.3% |
142
+ | **3-gram** | Word | 80,221 | 16.29 | 216,640 | 7.6% | 19.4% |
143
+ | **3-gram** | Subword | 1,808 | 10.82 | 46,201 | 33.1% | 73.8% |
144
+ | **4-gram** | Word | 126,144 | 16.94 | 300,994 | 9.3% | 17.1% |
145
+ | **4-gram** | Subword | 10,403 | 13.34 | 248,296 | 18.8% | 43.7% |
146
 
147
  ### Top 5 N-grams by Size
148
 
149
+ **2-grams (Word):**
150
 
151
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
152
  |------|--------|-------|
153
+ | 1 | `sa mga` | 29,819 |
154
+ | 2 | `an mga` | 26,719 |
155
+ | 3 | `kan mga` | 22,256 |
156
+ | 4 | `iyo an` | 17,168 |
157
+ | 5 | `nin mga` | 16,442 |
158
 
159
+ **3-grams (Word):**
160
 
161
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
162
  |------|--------|-------|
163
+ | 1 | `panluwas na takod` | 5,464 |
164
+ | 2 | `mga panluwas na` | 4,866 |
165
+ | 3 | `toltolan mga panluwas` | 2,765 |
166
+ | 4 | `para sa mga` | 2,679 |
167
+ | 5 | `igwa ining sukol` | 2,227 |
168
 
169
+ **4-grams (Word):**
170
 
171
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
172
  |------|--------|-------|
173
+ | 1 | `mga panluwas na takod` | 4,571 |
174
+ | 2 | `toltolan mga panluwas na` | 2,765 |
175
+ | 3 | `igwa ining sukol na` | 2,139 |
176
+ | 4 | `philippine standard geographic code` | 1,750 |
177
+ | 5 | `sa sensus kan igwa` | 1,728 |
178
+
179
+ **2-grams (Subword):**
180
+
181
+ | Rank | N-gram | Count |
182
+ |------|--------|-------|
183
+ | 1 | `a n` | 1,344,298 |
184
+ | 2 | `a _` | 1,288,104 |
185
+ | 3 | `n _` | 1,218,286 |
186
+ | 4 | `_ s` | 827,447 |
187
+ | 5 | `n a` | 787,793 |
188
+
189
+ **3-grams (Subword):**
190
+
191
+ | Rank | N-gram | Count |
192
+ |------|--------|-------|
193
+ | 1 | `a n _` | 694,503 |
194
+ | 2 | `_ n a` | 534,019 |
195
+ | 3 | `_ s a` | 519,575 |
196
+ | 4 | `n g _` | 461,251 |
197
+ | 5 | `_ k a` | 374,182 |
198
+
199
+ **4-grams (Subword):**
200
+
201
+ | Rank | N-gram | Count |
202
+ |------|--------|-------|
203
+ | 1 | `_ s a _` | 333,664 |
204
+ | 2 | `_ n a _` | 329,330 |
205
+ | 3 | `k a n _` | 234,296 |
206
+ | 4 | `_ k a n` | 230,493 |
207
+ | 5 | `_ a n _` | 210,822 |
208
 
209
 
210
  ### Key Findings
211
 
212
+ - **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram (subword) with 216
213
  - **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
214
+ - **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~44% of corpus
215
  - **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
216
 
217
  ---
 
219
 
220
  ![Markov Entropy](visualizations/markov_entropy.png)
221
 
222
+ ![Markov Contexts](visualizations/markov_contexts.png)
223
+
224
  ![Markov Branching](visualizations/markov_branching.png)
225
 
226
  ### Results
227
 
228
+ | Context | Variant | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
229
+ |---------|---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
230
+ | **1** | Word | 0.7785 | 1.715 | 6.29 | 327,423 | 22.1% |
231
+ | **1** | Subword | 0.9154 | 1.886 | 5.39 | 7,079 | 8.5% |
232
+ | **2** | Word | 0.3185 | 1.247 | 1.98 | 2,054,215 | 68.1% |
233
+ | **2** | Subword | 0.5355 | 1.449 | 3.36 | 38,137 | 46.5% |
234
+ | **3** | Word | 0.1347 | 1.098 | 1.28 | 4,060,609 | 86.5% |
235
+ | **3** | Subword | 0.6397 | 1.558 | 3.61 | 128,219 | 36.0% |
236
+ | **4** | Word | 0.0494 🏆 | 1.035 | 1.08 | 5,171,638 | 95.1% |
237
+ | **4** | Subword | 0.6483 | 1.567 | 3.06 | 463,318 | 35.2% |
238
 
239
+ ### Generated Text Samples (Word-based)
240
 
241
+ Below are text samples generated from each word-based Markov chain model:
242
 
243
  **Context Size 1:**
244
 
245
+ 1. `sa sarong dating parakabayo na mitolohiya kan prepekturang hiroshima asin naglalaman nin estasyon pa...`
246
+ 2. `na binubuo an kapwa niya iyo an sityo sa filipinas pwesto kan mga panluwas na desenyo`
247
+ 3. `an elementong kimikal kaugalian na iran nag oogid nanggad nag aako sa vocals keyboards synths play`
248
 
249
  **Context Size 2:**
250
 
251
+ 1. `sa mga libreriya sa unibersidad kan klima permanenteng binabago an inskripsiyon na gapo iyo nahahama...`
252
+ 2. `an mga heswita na si bruce lee tanganing magtukdo sa saiyang komunidad sa online campaign kan gabnet`
253
+ 3. `kan mga cyclopes mayo nin neutron an kasarosarong istruktura sa salog patapsco durante kan panahon n...`
254
 
255
  **Context Size 3:**
256
 
257
+ 1. `panluwas na takod philatlas com philippine standard geographic code local governance performance man...`
258
+ 2. `mga panluwas na takod the incorporated owners of chungking mansions sha tsui`
259
+ 3. `toltolan mga panluwas na gubing na ini parateng ibinubuntog sa sipon ini tanganing masigurado na pag...`
260
 
261
  **Context Size 4:**
262
 
263
+ 1. `mga panluwas na takod philatlas com philippine standard geographic code philippine census informatio...`
264
+ 2. `toltolan mga panluwas na takod philatlas com philippine standard geographic code local governance pe...`
265
+ 3. `igwa ining sukol na kilometro kwadrado an designadong zip code kaini iyo sosog sa sensus kan igwa in...`
266
+
267
+
268
+ ### Generated Text Samples (Subword-based)
269
+
270
+ Below are text samples generated from each subword-based Markov chain model:
271
+
272
+ **Context Size 1:**
273
+
274
+ 1. `_ukikingama_ngam`
275
+ 2. `agrnan_ninin_n_i`
276
+ 3. `ntin_ag_teran_sw`
277
+
278
+ **Context Size 2:**
279
+
280
+ 1. `angurehirin_mgank`
281
+ 2. `a_tawantenedyan._`
282
+ 3. `n_sin_of_ippelinc`
283
+
284
+ **Context Size 3:**
285
+
286
+ 1. `an_anahi_mode_nin_`
287
+ 2. `_na_le_pula_04:35_`
288
+ 3. `_sanriquerto_paan_`
289
+
290
+ **Context Size 4:**
291
+
292
+ 1. `_sa_kaze_anggaro_sa`
293
+ 2. `_na_siness_(princia`
294
+ 3. `kan_cabulanguro_nin`
295
 
296
 
297
  ### Key Findings
298
 
299
+ - **Best Predictability:** Context-4 (word) with 95.1% predictability
300
  - **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
301
+ - **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (463,318 contexts)
302
  - **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
303
 
304
  ---
 
314
 
315
  | Metric | Value |
316
  |--------|-------|
317
+ | Vocabulary Size | 131,763 |
318
+ | Total Tokens | 5,884,976 |
319
+ | Mean Frequency | 44.66 |
320
  | Median Frequency | 4 |
321
+ | Frequency Std Dev | 1759.83 |
322
 
323
  ### Most Common Words
324
 
325
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
326
  |------|------|-----------|
327
+ | 1 | sa | 336,085 |
328
+ | 2 | na | 332,599 |
329
+ | 3 | an | 226,864 |
330
+ | 4 | kan | 223,487 |
331
+ | 5 | mga | 165,146 |
332
+ | 6 | nin | 129,650 |
333
+ | 7 | asin | 123,857 |
334
+ | 8 | sarong | 61,956 |
335
+ | 9 | si | 54,132 |
336
+ | 10 | the | 42,788 |
337
 
338
  ### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
339
 
340
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
341
  |------|------|-----------|
342
+ | 1 | gorō | 2 |
343
+ | 2 | amaji | 2 |
344
+ | 3 | kasshi | 2 |
345
+ | 4 | shukufuku | 2 |
346
+ | 5 | teana | 2 |
347
+ | 6 | siony | 2 |
348
+ | 7 | keann | 2 |
349
+ | 8 | libertadores | 2 |
350
+ | 9 | rta | 2 |
351
+ | 10 | kontoor | 2 |
352
 
353
  ### Zipf's Law Analysis
354
 
355
  | Metric | Value |
356
  |--------|-------|
357
+ | Zipf Coefficient | 1.0202 |
358
+ | R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.994749 |
359
  | Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
360
 
361
  ### Coverage Analysis
362
 
363
  | Top N Words | Coverage |
364
  |-------------|----------|
365
+ | Top 100 | 43.2% |
366
+ | Top 1,000 | 63.6% |
367
+ | Top 5,000 | 79.3% |
368
+ | Top 10,000 | 85.4% |
369
 
370
  ### Key Findings
371
 
372
+ - **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9947 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
373
+ - **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 43.2% of corpus
374
+ - **Long Tail:** 121,763 words needed for remaining 14.6% coverage
375
 
376
  ---
377
  ## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
 
384
 
385
  ![t-SNE Sentences](visualizations/tsne_sentences.png)
386
 
 
387
 
388
+ ### 5.1 Cross-Lingual Alignment
389
+
390
+ > *Note: Multilingual alignment visualization not available for this language.*
391
+
392
+
393
+ ### 5.2 Model Comparison
394
+
395
+ | Model | Dimension | Isotropy | Semantic Density | Alignment R@1 | Alignment R@10 |
396
+ |-------|-----------|----------|------------------|---------------|----------------|
397
+ | **mono_32d** | 32 | 0.8253 🏆 | 0.3513 | N/A | N/A |
398
+ | **mono_64d** | 64 | 0.8232 | 0.2638 | N/A | N/A |
399
+ | **mono_128d** | 128 | 0.8182 | 0.1917 | N/A | N/A |
400
 
401
  ### Key Findings
402
 
403
+ - **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.8253 (more uniform distribution)
404
+ - **Semantic Density:** Average pairwise similarity of 0.2689. Lower values indicate better semantic separation.
405
+ - **Alignment Quality:** No aligned models evaluated in this run.
406
+ - **Recommendation:** 128d aligned for best cross-lingual performance
407
 
408
  ---
409
+ ## 6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)
410
+
411
+ > ⚠️ **Warning:** This language shows low morphological productivity. The statistical signals used for this analysis may be noisy or less reliable than for morphologically rich languages.
412
+
413
+ This section presents an automated morphological analysis derived from the statistical divergence between word-level and subword-level models. By analyzing where subword predictability spikes and where word-level coverage fails, we can infer linguistic structures without supervised data.
414
+
415
+ ### 6.1 Productivity & Complexity
416
+
417
+ | Metric | Value | Interpretation | Recommendation |
418
+ |--------|-------|----------------|----------------|
419
+ | Productivity Index | **0.000** | Low morphological productivity | ⚠️ Likely unreliable |
420
+ | Idiomaticity Gap | **-1.000** | Low formulaic content | - |
421
+
422
+ ### 6.2 Affix Inventory (Productive Units)
423
+
424
+ These are the most productive prefixes and suffixes identified by sampling the vocabulary for global substitutability patterns. A unit is considered an affix if stripping it leaves a valid stem that appears in other contexts.
425
+
426
+ #### Productive Prefixes
427
+ | Prefix | Examples |
428
+ |--------|----------|
429
+ | `-pa` | parliamentarians, panribay, pagpaharong |
430
+ | `-na` | nasipit, nagdesisyong, nakakalibog |
431
+ | `-ma` | magsolnop, maiko, magdebut |
432
+ | `-pag` | pagpaharong, pagkotkot, pagkasambit |
433
+ | `-ka` | karella, kantada, kaneko |
434
+ | `-nag` | nagdesisyong, nagkakampanyang, nagwawagayway |
435
+ | `-pi` | pilian, pinaatras, pinagmaigotan |
436
+
437
+ #### Productive Suffixes
438
+ | Suffix | Examples |
439
+ |--------|----------|
440
+ | `-n` | rubinstein, hizen, ballon |
441
+ | `-an` | sutan, tagiliran, pilian |
442
+ | `-ng` | chaeryeong, issuing, sinkretikong |
443
+ | `-on` | ballon, indemnipikasyon, monsoon |
444
+ | `-ong` | chaeryeong, sinkretikong, pagpaharong |
445
+ | `-ing` | issuing, isporting, nakakaheling |
446
+
447
+ ### 6.3 Bound Stems (Lexical Roots)
448
+
449
+ Bound stems are high-frequency subword units that are semantically cohesive but rarely appear as standalone words. These often correspond to the 'core' of a word that requires inflection or derivation to be valid.
450
+
451
+ | Stem | Cohesion | Substitutability | Examples |
452
+ |------|----------|------------------|----------|
453
+ | `hili` | 2.57x | 38 contexts | chili, hilig, hilir |
454
+ | `inak` | 2.14x | 68 contexts | pinak, inako, inakò |
455
+ | `nter` | 1.96x | 91 contexts | inter, enter, antero |
456
+ | `agka` | 1.87x | 107 contexts | pagka, magka, nagka |
457
+ | `ista` | 1.82x | 115 contexts | pista, bista, lista |
458
+ | `agpa` | 1.93x | 87 contexts | ragpa, agpay, pagpa |
459
+ | `atio` | 2.05x | 51 contexts | patio, ratio, matios |
460
+ | `nagp` | 2.38x | 25 contexts | nagpe, nagpa, nagpur |
461
+ | `syon` | 1.80x | 72 contexts | bisyon, nasyon, posyon |
462
+ | `kula` | 2.01x | 37 contexts | kulam, kulas, kulan |
463
+ | `asyo` | 1.79x | 56 contexts | basyo, nasyo, hasyo |
464
+ | `agin` | 1.89x | 44 contexts | sagin, aging, nagin |
465
+
466
+ ### 6.4 Affix Compatibility (Co-occurrence)
467
+
468
+ This table shows which prefixes and suffixes most frequently co-occur on the same stems, revealing the 'stacking' rules of the language's morphology.
469
+
470
+ | Prefix | Suffix | Frequency | Examples |
471
+ |--------|--------|-----------|----------|
472
+ | `-pa` | `-n` | 98 words | pagreparohon, patalingkason |
473
+ | `-na` | `-n` | 86 words | nakaptan, naman |
474
+ | `-ka` | `-n` | 81 words | kaaayon, kaenterohan |
475
+ | `-na` | `-an` | 75 words | nakaptan, naman |
476
+ | `-ka` | `-an` | 74 words | kaenterohan, kasilyasan |
477
+ | `-pi` | `-n` | 70 words | pian, pinaomayan |
478
+ | `-pi` | `-an` | 63 words | pian, pinaomayan |
479
+ | `-pa` | `-an` | 59 words | patotoohan, panlibangan |
480
+ | `-pa` | `-ng` | 55 words | pagsabing, paggurang |
481
+ | `-ma` | `-ng` | 52 words | magarang, matabang |
482
+
483
+ ### 6.5 Recursive Morpheme Segmentation
484
+
485
+ Using **Recursive Hierarchical Substitutability**, we decompose complex words into their constituent morphemes. This approach handles nested affixes (e.g., `prefix-prefix-root-suffix`).
486
+
487
+ | Word | Suggested Split | Confidence | Stem |
488
+ |------|-----------------|------------|------|
489
+ | pagpapamahalang | **`pag-pa-pa-ma-hala-ng`** | 10.5 | `hala` |
490
+ | pinakagurangan | **`pi-na-ka-gura-ng-an`** | 10.5 | `gura` |
491
+ | pinakaprimerang | **`pi-na-ka-primera-ng`** | 9.0 | `primera` |
492
+ | nakakapaugma | **`na-ka-ka-pa-ugma`** | 9.0 | `ugma` |
493
+ | nakapagpalupad | **`na-ka-pag-pa-lupad`** | 9.0 | `lupad` |
494
+ | makatarungan | **`ma-ka-taru-ng-an`** | 9.0 | `taru` |
495
+ | nakakasumo | **`na-ka-ka-sumo`** | 7.5 | `sumo` |
496
+ | pagpapainit | **`pag-pa-pa-init`** | 7.5 | `init` |
497
+ | nagpapalihis | **`nag-pa-pa-lihis`** | 7.5 | `lihis` |
498
+ | pagkanamamanwaan | **`pag-ka-na-ma-ma-nwaan`** | 7.5 | `nwaan` |
499
+ | nagpabistong | **`nag-pa-bist-ong`** | 7.5 | `bist` |
500
+ | nakakalangkaw | **`na-ka-ka-langkaw`** | 7.5 | `langkaw` |
501
+ | nagpapalibot | **`nag-pa-pa-libot`** | 7.5 | `libot` |
502
+ | makakapugol | **`ma-ka-ka-pugol`** | 7.5 | `pugol` |
503
+ | pagkitabangan | **`pag-kitaba-ng-an`** | 7.5 | `kitaba` |
504
+
505
+ ### 6.6 Linguistic Interpretation
506
+
507
+ > **Automated Insight:**
508
+ The language BCL appears to be more isolating or has a highly fixed vocabulary. Word-level models perform nearly as well as subword models, indicating fewer productive morphological processes.
509
+
510
+ ---
511
+ ## 7. Summary & Recommendations
512
 
513
  ![Performance Dashboard](visualizations/performance_dashboard.png)
514
 
 
516
 
517
  | Component | Recommended | Rationale |
518
  |-----------|-------------|-----------|
519
+ | Tokenizer | **64k BPE** | Best compression (4.81x) |
520
+ | N-gram | **2-gram** | Lowest perplexity (216) |
521
+ | Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (95.1%) |
522
  | Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
523
 
524
+
525
  ---
526
  ## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
527
 
 
711
  author = {Kamali, Omar},
712
  title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
713
  year = {2025},
714
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.18073153},
715
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
716
  url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
717
  institution = {Omneity Labs}
718
  }
 
728
  - 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
729
  - 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
730
  - 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
731
+ - 🤝 Sponsor: [Featherless AI](https://featherless.ai)
732
  ---
733
  *Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
734
 
735
+ *Report Date: 2026-01-03 06:41:18*
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models/word_ngram/bcl_4gram_word_metadata.json CHANGED
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
2
  "n": 4,
3
  "variant": "word",
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  "language": "bcl",
5
- "unique_ngrams": 511491,
6
- "total_ngrams": 7916395
7
  }
 
2
  "n": 4,
3
  "variant": "word",
4
  "language": "bcl",
5
+ "unique_ngrams": 300994,
6
+ "total_ngrams": 6017108
7
  }
visualizations/embedding_isotropy.png CHANGED
visualizations/embedding_norms.png CHANGED
visualizations/embedding_similarity.png CHANGED

Git LFS Details

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  • Pointer size: 131 Bytes
  • Size of remote file: 144 kB

Git LFS Details

  • SHA256: b8a7ab7c5c882e266d2cf29dd44f6d107275907375db2fb0d48c9859c7e55a06
  • Pointer size: 131 Bytes
  • Size of remote file: 147 kB
visualizations/markov_branching.png CHANGED
visualizations/markov_contexts.png CHANGED