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- .gitattributes +1 -0
- README.md +226 -191
- models/embeddings/aligned/btm_128d.bin +3 -0
- models/embeddings/aligned/btm_128d.meta.json +1 -0
- models/embeddings/aligned/btm_128d.projection.npy +3 -0
- models/embeddings/aligned/btm_128d_metadata.json +8 -0
- models/embeddings/aligned/btm_32d.bin +3 -0
- models/embeddings/aligned/btm_32d.meta.json +1 -0
- models/embeddings/aligned/btm_32d.projection.npy +3 -0
- models/embeddings/aligned/btm_32d_metadata.json +8 -0
- models/embeddings/aligned/btm_64d.bin +3 -0
- models/embeddings/aligned/btm_64d.meta.json +1 -0
- models/embeddings/aligned/btm_64d.projection.npy +3 -0
- models/embeddings/aligned/btm_64d_metadata.json +8 -0
- models/embeddings/monolingual/btm_128d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/btm_128d_metadata.json +1 -1
- models/embeddings/monolingual/btm_32d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/btm_32d_metadata.json +1 -1
- models/embeddings/monolingual/btm_64d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/btm_64d_metadata.json +1 -1
- models/subword_markov/btm_markov_ctx1_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/btm_markov_ctx1_subword_metadata.json +1 -1
- models/subword_markov/btm_markov_ctx2_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/btm_markov_ctx2_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/btm_markov_ctx3_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/btm_markov_ctx3_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/btm_markov_ctx4_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/btm_markov_ctx4_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/btm_2gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/btm_2gram_subword_metadata.json +1 -1
- models/subword_ngram/btm_3gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/btm_3gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/btm_4gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/btm_4gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/btm_5gram_subword.parquet +3 -0
- models/subword_ngram/btm_5gram_subword_metadata.json +7 -0
- models/tokenizer/btm_tokenizer_16k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/btm_tokenizer_16k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/btm_tokenizer_32k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/btm_tokenizer_32k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/btm_tokenizer_64k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/btm_tokenizer_64k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/btm_tokenizer_8k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/btm_tokenizer_8k.vocab +0 -0
- models/vocabulary/btm_vocabulary.parquet +2 -2
- models/vocabulary/btm_vocabulary_metadata.json +9 -9
- models/word_markov/btm_markov_ctx1_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/btm_markov_ctx1_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/btm_markov_ctx2_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/btm_markov_ctx2_word_metadata.json +2 -2
.gitattributes
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@@ -39,3 +39,4 @@ visualizations/position_encoding_comparison.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -t
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visualizations/tsne_sentences.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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visualizations/tsne_words.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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visualizations/zipf_law.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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visualizations/tsne_sentences.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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visualizations/tsne_words.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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visualizations/zipf_law.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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visualizations/embedding_tsne_multilingual.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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README.md
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---
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language: btm
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language_name:
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language_family: austronesian_batak
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tags:
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- wikilangs
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- n-gram
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- markov
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- wikipedia
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- monolingual
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- family-austronesian_batak
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license: mit
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library_name: wikilangs
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pipeline_tag:
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datasets:
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- omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly
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dataset_info:
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value: 5.210
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- name: best_isotropy
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type: isotropy
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value: 0.
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- name: vocabulary_size
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type: vocab
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value: 0
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generated: 2026-01-03
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---
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#
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## Comprehensive Research Report & Full Ablation Study
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This repository contains NLP models trained and evaluated by Wikilangs, specifically on **
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We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and word embeddings.
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## 📋 Repository Contents
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- [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
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- [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
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- [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
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- [6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)](#6
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- [7. Summary & Recommendations](#7-summary--recommendations)
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- [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
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- [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
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| Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
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|------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
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| **8k** | 4.
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| **16k** | 4.
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| **32k** | 5.005x | 5.01 | 0.
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| **64k** | 5.210x 🏆 | 5.22 | 0.
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### Tokenization Examples
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Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
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**Sample 1:** `
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁
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| 16k | `▁
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| 32k | `▁
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| 64k | `▁
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**Sample 2:** `
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁
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| 16k | `▁
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| 32k | `▁
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| 64k | `▁
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**Sample 3:** `
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 5.210x compression
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- **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.
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- **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
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- **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
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| N-gram | Variant | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
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|--------|---------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
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| **2-gram** | Word | 2,
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| **2-gram** | Subword | 193 🏆 | 7.
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| **3-gram** | Word | 1,
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| **3-gram** | Subword | 1,481 | 10.53 | 9,
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| **4-gram** | Word | 1,
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| **4-gram** | Subword | 7,
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### Top 5 N-grams by Size
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `ima sada` |
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| 2 | `on pe` |
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| 3 | `na adong` |
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**3-grams (Word):**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `na adong i` |
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| 2 | `kabupaten mandailing natal` |
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**4-grams (Word):**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `provinsi sumatera utara indonesia` |
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| 2 | `kabupaten mandailing natal provinsi` |
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| 3 | `natal provinsi sumatera
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| 5 | `taon kabisat i kalender` |
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**2-grams (Subword):**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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| 1 | `a n` | 41,
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**3-grams (Subword):**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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**4-grams (Subword):**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram (subword) with 193
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- **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
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- **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~
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- **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
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---
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| Context | Variant | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
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|---------|---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
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| **1** | Subword | 0.
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### Generated Text Samples (Word-based)
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**Context Size 1:**
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1. `i
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**Context Size 2:**
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**Context Size 3:**
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**Context Size 4:**
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1. `kabupaten mandailing natal provinsi sumatera utara indonesia sumberna`
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2. `natal provinsi sumatera utara indonesia
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### Generated Text Samples (Subword-based)
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**Context Size 1:**
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**Context Size 2:**
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**Context Size 3:**
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**Context Size 4:**
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Predictability:** Context-4 (word) with 98.8% predictability
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- **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
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- **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (70,
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- **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
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---
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| Metric | Value |
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|--------|-------|
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| Vocabulary Size | 11,
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| Total Tokens |
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| Mean Frequency | 15.
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| Median Frequency | 4 |
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| Frequency Std Dev |
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### Most Common Words
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| Rank | Word | Frequency |
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|------|------|-----------|
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### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
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| Rank | Word | Frequency |
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|------|------|-----------|
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### Zipf's Law Analysis
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| Metric | Value |
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|--------|-------|
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| Zipf Coefficient | 1.
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| R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.
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| Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
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### Coverage Analysis
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| Top N Words | Coverage |
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|-------------|----------|
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| Top 100 | 41.
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| Top 1,000 | 71.1% |
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| Top 5,000 | 91.
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| Top 10,000 | 98.
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### Key Findings
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- **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.
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- **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 41.
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- **Long Tail:** 1,
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---
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## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
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### 5.1 Cross-Lingual Alignment
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### 5.2 Model Comparison
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| Model | Dimension | Isotropy | Semantic Density | Alignment R@1 | Alignment R@10 |
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|-------|-----------|----------|------------------|---------------|----------------|
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| **mono_32d** | 32 | 0.
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| **mono_64d** | 64 | 0.
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| **mono_128d** | 128 | 0.
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.
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- **Semantic Density:** Average pairwise similarity of 0.
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- **Alignment Quality:**
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- **Recommendation:** 128d aligned for best cross-lingual performance
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---
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## 6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)
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> ⚠️ **Warning:** This language shows low morphological productivity. The statistical signals used for this analysis may be noisy or less reliable than for morphologically rich languages.
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This section presents an automated morphological analysis derived from the statistical divergence between word-level and subword-level models. By analyzing where subword predictability spikes and where word-level coverage fails, we can infer linguistic structures without supervised data.
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### 6.1 Productivity & Complexity
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| Metric | Value | Interpretation | Recommendation |
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|--------|-------|----------------|----------------|
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| Productivity Index | **
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| Idiomaticity Gap |
|
| 421 |
|
| 422 |
### 6.2 Affix Inventory (Productive Units)
|
| 423 |
|
|
@@ -426,25 +461,23 @@ These are the most productive prefixes and suffixes identified by sampling the v
|
|
| 426 |
#### Productive Prefixes
|
| 427 |
| Prefix | Examples |
|
| 428 |
|--------|----------|
|
| 429 |
-
| `-ma` |
|
| 430 |
-
| `-pa` |
|
| 431 |
-
| `-man` |
|
| 432 |
-
| `-mar` |
|
| 433 |
-
| `-sa` |
|
| 434 |
-
| `-ta` |
|
| 435 |
-
| `-ka` | karang, kadua, kamis |
|
| 436 |
|
| 437 |
#### Productive Suffixes
|
| 438 |
| Suffix | Examples |
|
| 439 |
|--------|----------|
|
| 440 |
-
| `-n` |
|
| 441 |
-
| `-
|
| 442 |
-
| `-
|
| 443 |
-
| `-ng` |
|
| 444 |
-
| `-on` |
|
| 445 |
-
| `-na` |
|
| 446 |
-
| `-ang` |
|
| 447 |
-
| `-kon` | idasorkon, ilaporkon, namangobankon |
|
| 448 |
|
| 449 |
### 6.3 Bound Stems (Lexical Roots)
|
| 450 |
|
|
@@ -452,18 +485,18 @@ Bound stems are high-frequency subword units that are semantically cohesive but
|
|
| 452 |
|
| 453 |
| Stem | Cohesion | Substitutability | Examples |
|
| 454 |
|------|----------|------------------|----------|
|
| 455 |
-
| `anga` | 1.
|
| 456 |
-
| `angk` | 1.
|
| 457 |
-
| `
|
| 458 |
-
| `
|
| 459 |
-
| `
|
| 460 |
-
| `
|
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-
| `
|
| 462 |
-
| `
|
| 463 |
-
| `
|
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| `anja` | 1.
|
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-
| `
|
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-
| `
|
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|
| 468 |
### 6.4 Affix Compatibility (Co-occurrence)
|
| 469 |
|
|
@@ -471,16 +504,16 @@ This table shows which prefixes and suffixes most frequently co-occur on the sam
|
|
| 471 |
|
| 472 |
| Prefix | Suffix | Frequency | Examples |
|
| 473 |
|--------|--------|-----------|----------|
|
| 474 |
-
| `-pa` | `-n` |
|
| 475 |
-
| `-pa` | `-an` |
|
| 476 |
-
| `-ma` | `-n` |
|
| 477 |
-
| `-ma` | `-on` |
|
| 478 |
-
| `-
|
| 479 |
-
| `-
|
| 480 |
-
| `-ma` | `-
|
| 481 |
-
| `-
|
| 482 |
-
| `-
|
| 483 |
-
| `-ma` | `-
|
| 484 |
|
| 485 |
### 6.5 Recursive Morpheme Segmentation
|
| 486 |
|
|
@@ -488,26 +521,28 @@ Using **Recursive Hierarchical Substitutability**, we decompose complex words in
|
|
| 488 |
|
| 489 |
| Word | Suggested Split | Confidence | Stem |
|
| 490 |
|------|-----------------|------------|------|
|
| 491 |
-
| markalanjutan | **`mar-ka-lanjut-an`** | 7.5 | `lanjut` |
|
| 492 |
-
| malambangkon | **`ma-lamb-ang-kon`** | 7.5 | `lamb` |
|
| 493 |
-
| kabolakangan | **`ka-bolak-ang-an`** | 7.5 | `bolak` |
|
| 494 |
-
| kamanusiaan | **`ka-man-usia-an`** | 7.5 | `usia` |
|
| 495 |
-
| kakuasoanna | **`ka-kuaso-an-na`** | 7.5 | `kuaso` |
|
| 496 |
-
| markabangsoan | **`mar-ka-bangso-an`** | 7.5 | `bangso` |
|
| 497 |
-
| sakaturunan | **`sa-ka-turun-an`** | 7.5 | `turun` |
|
| 498 |
-
| pamabangan | **`pa-ma-bang-an`** | 7.5 | `bang` |
|
| 499 |
| paporangan | **`pa-pora-ng-an`** | 7.5 | `pora` |
|
| 500 |
-
|
|
| 501 |
-
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|
| 502 |
-
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|
| 503 |
-
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-
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-
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|
| 506 |
|
| 507 |
### 6.6 Linguistic Interpretation
|
| 508 |
|
| 509 |
> **Automated Insight:**
|
| 510 |
-
The language
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 511 |
|
| 512 |
---
|
| 513 |
## 7. Summary & Recommendations
|
|
@@ -734,4 +769,4 @@ MIT License - Free for academic and commercial use.
|
|
| 734 |
---
|
| 735 |
*Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
|
| 736 |
|
| 737 |
-
*Report Date: 2026-01-03
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
---
|
| 2 |
language: btm
|
| 3 |
+
language_name: Batak Mandailing
|
| 4 |
language_family: austronesian_batak
|
| 5 |
tags:
|
| 6 |
- wikilangs
|
|
|
|
| 10 |
- n-gram
|
| 11 |
- markov
|
| 12 |
- wikipedia
|
| 13 |
+
- feature-extraction
|
| 14 |
+
- sentence-similarity
|
| 15 |
+
- tokenization
|
| 16 |
+
- n-grams
|
| 17 |
+
- markov-chain
|
| 18 |
+
- text-mining
|
| 19 |
+
- fasttext
|
| 20 |
+
- babelvec
|
| 21 |
+
- vocabulous
|
| 22 |
+
- vocabulary
|
| 23 |
- monolingual
|
| 24 |
- family-austronesian_batak
|
| 25 |
license: mit
|
| 26 |
library_name: wikilangs
|
| 27 |
+
pipeline_tag: text-generation
|
| 28 |
datasets:
|
| 29 |
- omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly
|
| 30 |
dataset_info:
|
|
|
|
| 36 |
value: 5.210
|
| 37 |
- name: best_isotropy
|
| 38 |
type: isotropy
|
| 39 |
+
value: 0.4518
|
| 40 |
- name: vocabulary_size
|
| 41 |
type: vocab
|
| 42 |
value: 0
|
| 43 |
generated: 2026-01-03
|
| 44 |
---
|
| 45 |
|
| 46 |
+
# Batak Mandailing - Wikilangs Models
|
| 47 |
## Comprehensive Research Report & Full Ablation Study
|
| 48 |
|
| 49 |
+
This repository contains NLP models trained and evaluated by Wikilangs, specifically on **Batak Mandailing** Wikipedia data.
|
| 50 |
We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and word embeddings.
|
| 51 |
|
| 52 |
## 📋 Repository Contents
|
|
|
|
| 70 |
- [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
|
| 71 |
- [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
|
| 72 |
- [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
|
| 73 |
+
- [6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)](#6--morphological-analysis-experimental)
|
| 74 |
- [7. Summary & Recommendations](#7-summary--recommendations)
|
| 75 |
- [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
|
| 76 |
- [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
|
|
|
|
| 90 |
|
| 91 |
| Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
|
| 92 |
|------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
|
| 93 |
+
| **8k** | 4.164x | 4.17 | 0.0881% | 216,736 |
|
| 94 |
+
| **16k** | 4.609x | 4.61 | 0.0975% | 195,810 |
|
| 95 |
+
| **32k** | 5.005x | 5.01 | 0.1059% | 180,321 |
|
| 96 |
+
| **64k** | 5.210x 🏆 | 5.22 | 0.1103% | 173,224 |
|
| 97 |
|
| 98 |
### Tokenization Examples
|
| 99 |
|
| 100 |
Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
|
| 101 |
|
| 102 |
+
**Sample 1:** `Kumpulan Setia ima sala sada huta na adong i kecamatan Huta Bargot, kabupaten Ma...`
|
| 103 |
|
| 104 |
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
|
| 105 |
|-------|--------|-------|
|
| 106 |
+
| 8k | `▁kumpulan ▁set ia ▁ima ▁sala ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁adong ▁i ... (+14 more)` | 24 |
|
| 107 |
+
| 16k | `▁kumpulan ▁setia ▁ima ▁sala ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁adong ▁i ▁kecamatan ... (+13 more)` | 23 |
|
| 108 |
+
| 32k | `▁kumpulan ▁setia ▁ima ▁sala ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁adong ▁i ▁kecamatan ... (+13 more)` | 23 |
|
| 109 |
+
| 64k | `▁kumpulan ▁setia ▁ima ▁sala ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁adong ▁i ▁kecamatan ... (+13 more)` | 23 |
|
| 110 |
|
| 111 |
+
**Sample 2:** `Muara Soma ima sala sada huta na ading i kecamatan Batang Natal, kabupaten Manda...`
|
| 112 |
|
| 113 |
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
|
| 114 |
|-------|--------|-------|
|
| 115 |
+
| 8k | `▁muara ▁so ma ▁ima ▁sala ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁ading ▁i ... (+14 more)` | 24 |
|
| 116 |
+
| 16k | `▁muara ▁soma ▁ima ▁sala ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁ading ▁i ▁kecamatan ... (+13 more)` | 23 |
|
| 117 |
+
| 32k | `▁muara ▁soma ▁ima ▁sala ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁ading ▁i ▁kecamatan ... (+13 more)` | 23 |
|
| 118 |
+
| 64k | `▁muara ▁soma ▁ima ▁sala ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁ading ▁i ▁kecamatan ... (+13 more)` | 23 |
|
| 119 |
|
| 120 |
+
**Sample 3:** `24 Januari ima ari pa-24 i kalender Gregorian dohot 361 ari (sanga 362 ari i tao...`
|
| 121 |
|
| 122 |
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
|
| 123 |
|-------|--------|-------|
|
| 124 |
+
| 8k | `▁ 2 4 ▁januari ▁ima ▁ari ▁pa - 2 4 ... (+24 more)` | 34 |
|
| 125 |
+
| 16k | `▁ 2 4 ▁januari ▁ima ▁ari ▁pa - 2 4 ... (+24 more)` | 34 |
|
| 126 |
+
| 32k | `▁ 2 4 ▁januari ▁ima ▁ari ▁pa - 2 4 ... (+24 more)` | 34 |
|
| 127 |
+
| 64k | `▁ 2 4 ▁januari ▁ima ▁ari ▁pa - 2 4 ... (+24 more)` | 34 |
|
| 128 |
|
| 129 |
|
| 130 |
### Key Findings
|
| 131 |
|
| 132 |
- **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 5.210x compression
|
| 133 |
+
- **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.0881% unknown tokens
|
| 134 |
- **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
|
| 135 |
- **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
|
| 136 |
|
|
|
|
| 147 |
|
| 148 |
| N-gram | Variant | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
|
| 149 |
|--------|---------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
|
| 150 |
+
| **2-gram** | Word | 2,149 | 11.07 | 3,846 | 24.9% | 62.3% |
|
| 151 |
+
| **2-gram** | Subword | 193 🏆 | 7.59 | 1,424 | 75.5% | 99.7% |
|
| 152 |
+
| **3-gram** | Word | 1,623 | 10.66 | 2,810 | 28.2% | 64.8% |
|
| 153 |
+
| **3-gram** | Subword | 1,481 | 10.53 | 9,326 | 32.5% | 79.4% |
|
| 154 |
+
| **4-gram** | Word | 1,998 | 10.96 | 3,539 | 27.5% | 54.8% |
|
| 155 |
+
| **4-gram** | Subword | 7,322 | 12.84 | 39,044 | 16.0% | 47.2% |
|
| 156 |
+
| **5-gram** | Word | 980 | 9.94 | 1,944 | 37.4% | 71.2% |
|
| 157 |
+
| **5-gram** | Subword | 20,669 | 14.34 | 80,096 | 9.7% | 30.8% |
|
| 158 |
|
| 159 |
### Top 5 N-grams by Size
|
| 160 |
|
|
|
|
| 162 |
|
| 163 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 164 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 165 |
+
| 1 | `ima sada` | 626 |
|
| 166 |
+
| 2 | `on pe` | 512 |
|
| 167 |
+
| 3 | `na adong` | 416 |
|
| 168 |
+
| 4 | `sian on` | 373 |
|
| 169 |
+
| 5 | `i taon` | 359 |
|
| 170 |
|
| 171 |
**3-grams (Word):**
|
| 172 |
|
| 173 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 174 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 175 |
+
| 1 | `na adong i` | 265 |
|
| 176 |
+
| 2 | `kabupaten mandailing natal` | 178 |
|
| 177 |
+
| 3 | `i kalender gregorian` | 170 |
|
| 178 |
+
| 4 | `sumatera utara indonesia` | 160 |
|
| 179 |
+
| 5 | `ima ari pa` | 157 |
|
| 180 |
|
| 181 |
**4-grams (Word):**
|
| 182 |
|
| 183 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 184 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 185 |
+
| 1 | `provinsi sumatera utara indonesia` | 133 |
|
| 186 |
+
| 2 | `kabupaten mandailing natal provinsi` | 130 |
|
| 187 |
+
| 3 | `mandailing natal provinsi sumatera` | 129 |
|
| 188 |
+
| 4 | `natal provinsi sumatera utara` | 129 |
|
| 189 |
+
| 5 | `taon kabisat i kalender` | 126 |
|
| 190 |
+
|
| 191 |
+
**5-grams (Word):**
|
| 192 |
+
|
| 193 |
+
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 194 |
+
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 195 |
+
| 1 | `kabupaten mandailing natal provinsi sumatera` | 129 |
|
| 196 |
+
| 2 | `mandailing natal provinsi sumatera utara` | 129 |
|
| 197 |
+
| 3 | `natal provinsi sumatera utara indonesia` | 128 |
|
| 198 |
+
| 4 | `taon kabisat i kalender gregorian` | 126 |
|
| 199 |
+
| 5 | `huta na adong i kecamatan` | 112 |
|
| 200 |
|
| 201 |
**2-grams (Subword):**
|
| 202 |
|
| 203 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 204 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 205 |
+
| 1 | `a n` | 41,734 |
|
| 206 |
+
| 2 | `a _` | 37,272 |
|
| 207 |
+
| 3 | `n _` | 28,447 |
|
| 208 |
+
| 4 | `m a` | 25,826 |
|
| 209 |
+
| 5 | `i _` | 25,144 |
|
| 210 |
|
| 211 |
**3-grams (Subword):**
|
| 212 |
|
| 213 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 214 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 215 |
+
| 1 | `_ m a` | 15,579 |
|
| 216 |
+
| 2 | `a n _` | 13,475 |
|
| 217 |
+
| 3 | `_ n a` | 11,682 |
|
| 218 |
+
| 4 | `a n g` | 11,673 |
|
| 219 |
+
| 5 | `n a _` | 10,767 |
|
| 220 |
|
| 221 |
**4-grams (Subword):**
|
| 222 |
|
| 223 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 224 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 225 |
+
| 1 | `_ n a _` | 7,012 |
|
| 226 |
+
| 2 | `_ m a n` | 6,102 |
|
| 227 |
+
| 3 | `a _ m a` | 4,445 |
|
| 228 |
+
| 4 | `_ i m a` | 4,125 |
|
| 229 |
+
| 5 | `i m a _` | 4,121 |
|
| 230 |
+
|
| 231 |
+
**5-grams (Subword):**
|
| 232 |
+
|
| 233 |
+
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 234 |
+
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 235 |
+
| 1 | `_ i m a _` | 3,948 |
|
| 236 |
+
| 2 | `d o h o t` | 3,004 |
|
| 237 |
+
| 3 | `o h o t _` | 3,001 |
|
| 238 |
+
| 4 | `_ d o h o` | 2,997 |
|
| 239 |
+
| 5 | `_ d o t _` | 2,471 |
|
| 240 |
|
| 241 |
|
| 242 |
### Key Findings
|
| 243 |
|
| 244 |
- **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram (subword) with 193
|
| 245 |
- **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
|
| 246 |
+
- **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~31% of corpus
|
| 247 |
- **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
|
| 248 |
|
| 249 |
---
|
|
|
|
| 259 |
|
| 260 |
| Context | Variant | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
|
| 261 |
|---------|---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
|
| 262 |
+
| **1** | Word | 0.8033 | 1.745 | 4.52 | 26,637 | 19.7% |
|
| 263 |
+
| **1** | Subword | 0.8859 | 1.848 | 5.46 | 845 | 11.4% |
|
| 264 |
+
| **2** | Word | 0.2155 | 1.161 | 1.41 | 119,766 | 78.4% |
|
| 265 |
+
| **2** | Subword | 0.7876 | 1.726 | 4.38 | 4,613 | 21.2% |
|
| 266 |
+
| **3** | Word | 0.0517 | 1.037 | 1.07 | 168,163 | 94.8% |
|
| 267 |
+
| **3** | Subword | 0.7693 | 1.704 | 3.51 | 20,191 | 23.1% |
|
| 268 |
+
| **4** | Word | 0.0122 🏆 | 1.008 | 1.02 | 179,311 | 98.8% |
|
| 269 |
+
| **4** | Subword | 0.5814 | 1.496 | 2.41 | 70,850 | 41.9% |
|
| 270 |
|
| 271 |
### Generated Text Samples (Word-based)
|
| 272 |
|
|
|
|
| 274 |
|
| 275 |
**Context Size 1:**
|
| 276 |
|
| 277 |
+
1. `i kota di kotu isa rupana kahanggi namar sisolkot ni eme ni awak dot mamakena pala`
|
| 278 |
+
2. `na mandung manjadi aliran eksistensialisme sartre ima al qur an sm 180 an sm 70 an`
|
| 279 |
+
3. `ima sada provinsi sumatera utara aek sasataon rodang momo tarida do anggina si baroar dibaon na`
|
| 280 |
|
| 281 |
**Context Size 2:**
|
| 282 |
|
| 283 |
+
1. `ima sada sunni mazhab hanafi vasilij vladimirovič bartold art by barbara brend p 130 tai ulama na`
|
| 284 |
+
2. `on pe mandung dewasa pakean nai gunaon pakean adat belitong tai i instrospeksi eksperimental sudena ...`
|
| 285 |
+
3. `na adong juo alak sunni dot 10 huruf ngolu vokal sapetona hangeul adongdope 3 konsonannai dot 1`
|
| 286 |
|
| 287 |
**Context Size 3:**
|
| 288 |
|
| 289 |
+
1. `na adong i ruang woktu i sakitar lubang nalomlom adong parmukoan na i dokon horizon peristiwa objek ...`
|
| 290 |
+
2. `kabupaten mandailing natal provinsi sumatera utara indonesia i botung adong luak parmayaman na deges...`
|
| 291 |
+
3. `ima ari pa 103 ari pa 104 i taon kabisat i kalender gregorian dohot 363 ari sanga 364`
|
| 292 |
|
| 293 |
**Context Size 4:**
|
| 294 |
|
| 295 |
1. `kabupaten mandailing natal provinsi sumatera utara indonesia sumberna`
|
| 296 |
+
2. `natal provinsi sumatera utara indonesia pula sian on panyabungan tu kecamatan on`
|
| 297 |
+
3. `mandailing natal provinsi sumatera utara indonesia sumberna`
|
| 298 |
|
| 299 |
|
| 300 |
### Generated Text Samples (Subword-based)
|
|
|
|
| 303 |
|
| 304 |
**Context Size 1:**
|
| 305 |
|
| 306 |
+
1. `alan_a_rian_ruse`
|
| 307 |
+
2. `_ana_ontuon._tan`
|
| 308 |
+
3. `nang_akeon_asapa`
|
| 309 |
|
| 310 |
**Context Size 2:**
|
| 311 |
|
| 312 |
+
1. `an_niviusi,_hamel`
|
| 313 |
+
2. `a_ida_lak_nai_jun`
|
| 314 |
+
3. `n_sentat_dokon_ng`
|
| 315 |
|
| 316 |
**Context Size 3:**
|
| 317 |
|
| 318 |
+
1. `_mambaen_dohot_par`
|
| 319 |
+
2. `an_ibad_oktu_piga_`
|
| 320 |
+
3. `_nagoda_marcoundur`
|
| 321 |
|
| 322 |
**Context Size 4:**
|
| 323 |
|
| 324 |
+
1. `_na_ibaen_herito_la`
|
| 325 |
+
2. `_manjadi_i_ruar_tu_`
|
| 326 |
+
3. `a_marisi.dw:_menek_`
|
| 327 |
|
| 328 |
|
| 329 |
### Key Findings
|
| 330 |
|
| 331 |
- **Best Predictability:** Context-4 (word) with 98.8% predictability
|
| 332 |
- **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
|
| 333 |
+
- **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (70,850 contexts)
|
| 334 |
- **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
|
| 335 |
|
| 336 |
---
|
|
|
|
| 346 |
|
| 347 |
| Metric | Value |
|
| 348 |
|--------|-------|
|
| 349 |
+
| Vocabulary Size | 11,148 |
|
| 350 |
+
| Total Tokens | 176,428 |
|
| 351 |
+
| Mean Frequency | 15.83 |
|
| 352 |
| Median Frequency | 4 |
|
| 353 |
+
| Frequency Std Dev | 130.57 |
|
| 354 |
|
| 355 |
### Most Common Words
|
| 356 |
|
| 357 |
| Rank | Word | Frequency |
|
| 358 |
|------|------|-----------|
|
| 359 |
+
| 1 | i | 7,229 |
|
| 360 |
+
| 2 | na | 7,125 |
|
| 361 |
+
| 3 | on | 3,997 |
|
| 362 |
+
| 4 | ima | 3,996 |
|
| 363 |
+
| 5 | dohot | 2,990 |
|
| 364 |
+
| 6 | ni | 2,685 |
|
| 365 |
+
| 7 | dot | 2,484 |
|
| 366 |
+
| 8 | sada | 1,834 |
|
| 367 |
+
| 9 | tu | 1,711 |
|
| 368 |
+
| 10 | ma | 1,485 |
|
| 369 |
|
| 370 |
### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
|
| 371 |
|
| 372 |
| Rank | Word | Frequency |
|
| 373 |
|------|------|-----------|
|
| 374 |
+
| 1 | lil | 2 |
|
| 375 |
+
| 2 | imah | 2 |
|
| 376 |
+
| 3 | nasida | 2 |
|
| 377 |
+
| 4 | sunusi | 2 |
|
| 378 |
+
| 5 | nunga | 2 |
|
| 379 |
+
| 6 | majmu | 2 |
|
| 380 |
+
| 7 | fatawa | 2 |
|
| 381 |
+
| 8 | fiqhi | 2 |
|
| 382 |
+
| 9 | panjalakian | 2 |
|
| 383 |
+
| 10 | martoba | 2 |
|
| 384 |
|
| 385 |
### Zipf's Law Analysis
|
| 386 |
|
| 387 |
| Metric | Value |
|
| 388 |
|--------|-------|
|
| 389 |
+
| Zipf Coefficient | 1.0705 |
|
| 390 |
+
| R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.989075 |
|
| 391 |
| Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
|
| 392 |
|
| 393 |
### Coverage Analysis
|
| 394 |
|
| 395 |
| Top N Words | Coverage |
|
| 396 |
|-------------|----------|
|
| 397 |
+
| Top 100 | 41.8% |
|
| 398 |
| Top 1,000 | 71.1% |
|
| 399 |
+
| Top 5,000 | 91.4% |
|
| 400 |
+
| Top 10,000 | 98.7% |
|
| 401 |
|
| 402 |
### Key Findings
|
| 403 |
|
| 404 |
+
- **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9891 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
|
| 405 |
+
- **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 41.8% of corpus
|
| 406 |
+
- **Long Tail:** 1,148 words needed for remaining 1.3% coverage
|
| 407 |
|
| 408 |
---
|
| 409 |
## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
|
|
|
|
| 419 |
|
| 420 |
### 5.1 Cross-Lingual Alignment
|
| 421 |
|
| 422 |
+

|
| 423 |
+
|
| 424 |
+

|
| 425 |
|
| 426 |
|
| 427 |
### 5.2 Model Comparison
|
| 428 |
|
| 429 |
| Model | Dimension | Isotropy | Semantic Density | Alignment R@1 | Alignment R@10 |
|
| 430 |
|-------|-----------|----------|------------------|---------------|----------------|
|
| 431 |
+
| **mono_32d** | 32 | 0.4518 🏆 | 0.4274 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 432 |
+
| **mono_64d** | 64 | 0.1211 | 0.4252 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 433 |
+
| **mono_128d** | 128 | 0.0249 | 0.4089 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 434 |
+
| **aligned_32d** | 32 | 0.4518 | 0.4145 | 0.0140 | 0.1240 |
|
| 435 |
+
| **aligned_64d** | 64 | 0.1211 | 0.4363 | 0.0200 | 0.1760 |
|
| 436 |
+
| **aligned_128d** | 128 | 0.0249 | 0.4097 | 0.0540 | 0.2300 |
|
| 437 |
|
| 438 |
### Key Findings
|
| 439 |
|
| 440 |
+
- **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.4518 (more uniform distribution)
|
| 441 |
+
- **Semantic Density:** Average pairwise similarity of 0.4203. Lower values indicate better semantic separation.
|
| 442 |
+
- **Alignment Quality:** Aligned models achieve up to 5.4% R@1 in cross-lingual retrieval.
|
| 443 |
- **Recommendation:** 128d aligned for best cross-lingual performance
|
| 444 |
|
| 445 |
---
|
| 446 |
## 6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)
|
| 447 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 448 |
This section presents an automated morphological analysis derived from the statistical divergence between word-level and subword-level models. By analyzing where subword predictability spikes and where word-level coverage fails, we can infer linguistic structures without supervised data.
|
| 449 |
|
| 450 |
### 6.1 Productivity & Complexity
|
| 451 |
|
| 452 |
| Metric | Value | Interpretation | Recommendation |
|
| 453 |
|--------|-------|----------------|----------------|
|
| 454 |
+
| Productivity Index | **5.000** | High morphological productivity | Reliable analysis |
|
| 455 |
+
| Idiomaticity Gap | **1.311** | High formulaic/idiomatic content | - |
|
| 456 |
|
| 457 |
### 6.2 Affix Inventory (Productive Units)
|
| 458 |
|
|
|
|
| 461 |
#### Productive Prefixes
|
| 462 |
| Prefix | Examples |
|
| 463 |
|--------|----------|
|
| 464 |
+
| `-ma` | marmasak, mamuloi, maligina |
|
| 465 |
+
| `-pa` | paderi, parkumpulan, pangajaran |
|
| 466 |
+
| `-man` | manakik, manyorang, mangajari |
|
| 467 |
+
| `-mar` | marmasak, marwujud, mariner |
|
| 468 |
+
| `-sa` | samananjung, sati, sakral |
|
| 469 |
+
| `-ta` | tarpusat, takar, tajikistan |
|
|
|
|
| 470 |
|
| 471 |
#### Productive Suffixes
|
| 472 |
| Suffix | Examples |
|
| 473 |
|--------|----------|
|
| 474 |
+
| `-n` | tubagasan, ringkasan, disusun |
|
| 475 |
+
| `-a` | nikola, studia, katua |
|
| 476 |
+
| `-an` | tubagasan, ringkasan, parkumpulan |
|
| 477 |
+
| `-ng` | samananjung, pedagang, kacang |
|
| 478 |
+
| `-on` | bandingkon, dibandingkon, pelestarion |
|
| 479 |
+
| `-na` | maligina, umurna, ajayaanna |
|
| 480 |
+
| `-ang` | pedagang, kacang, sumbayang |
|
|
|
|
| 481 |
|
| 482 |
### 6.3 Bound Stems (Lexical Roots)
|
| 483 |
|
|
|
|
| 485 |
|
| 486 |
| Stem | Cohesion | Substitutability | Examples |
|
| 487 |
|------|----------|------------------|----------|
|
| 488 |
+
| `anga` | 1.46x | 77 contexts | nanga, angan, sanga |
|
| 489 |
+
| `angk` | 1.47x | 58 contexts | angko, angke, angka |
|
| 490 |
+
| `anda` | 1.43x | 54 contexts | ganda, tanda, banda |
|
| 491 |
+
| `mang` | 1.59x | 31 contexts | mango, amang, lomang |
|
| 492 |
+
| `amba` | 1.49x | 39 contexts | hamba, tamba, sambal |
|
| 493 |
+
| `ngan` | 1.40x | 43 contexts | angan, lengan, sangan |
|
| 494 |
+
| `dang` | 1.40x | 42 contexts | udang, ndang, dangka |
|
| 495 |
+
| `aran` | 1.35x | 48 contexts | arana, arang, saran |
|
| 496 |
+
| `angg` | 1.32x | 39 contexts | anggi, anggo, nangge |
|
| 497 |
+
| `anja` | 1.36x | 34 contexts | hanja, banjar, anjadi |
|
| 498 |
+
| `ngga` | 1.37x | 30 contexts | hingga, rongga, mangga |
|
| 499 |
+
| `ting` | 1.34x | 32 contexts | tingo, uting, tingon |
|
| 500 |
|
| 501 |
### 6.4 Affix Compatibility (Co-occurrence)
|
| 502 |
|
|
|
|
| 504 |
|
| 505 |
| Prefix | Suffix | Frequency | Examples |
|
| 506 |
|--------|--------|-----------|----------|
|
| 507 |
+
| `-pa` | `-n` | 307 words | panjalakan, pambaenan |
|
| 508 |
+
| `-pa` | `-an` | 271 words | panjalakan, pambaenan |
|
| 509 |
+
| `-ma` | `-n` | 241 words | mangombangkon, maximilian |
|
| 510 |
+
| `-ma` | `-on` | 157 words | mangombangkon, manyesuaion |
|
| 511 |
+
| `-ma` | `-a` | 98 words | maringana, manurutnia |
|
| 512 |
+
| `-ma` | `-ng` | 69 words | malang, marancang |
|
| 513 |
+
| `-ma` | `-an` | 61 words | maximilian, marhalangan |
|
| 514 |
+
| `-pa` | `-a` | 57 words | pasca, pasadana |
|
| 515 |
+
| `-sa` | `-a` | 40 words | samentara, sangapiga |
|
| 516 |
+
| `-ma` | `-ang` | 38 words | malang, marancang |
|
| 517 |
|
| 518 |
### 6.5 Recursive Morpheme Segmentation
|
| 519 |
|
|
|
|
| 521 |
|
| 522 |
| Word | Suggested Split | Confidence | Stem |
|
| 523 |
|------|-----------------|------------|------|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 524 |
| paporangan | **`pa-pora-ng-an`** | 7.5 | `pora` |
|
| 525 |
+
| marpandangan | **`mar-pa-ndang-an`** | 7.5 | `ndang` |
|
| 526 |
+
| bagasanna | **`bagas-an-na`** | 6.0 | `bagas` |
|
| 527 |
+
| pasabolas | **`pa-sa-bolas`** | 6.0 | `bolas` |
|
| 528 |
+
| mandurung | **`man-duru-ng`** | 6.0 | `duru` |
|
| 529 |
+
| sasabagas | **`sa-sa-bagas`** | 6.0 | `bagas` |
|
| 530 |
+
| sabalikna | **`sa-balik-na`** | 6.0 | `balik` |
|
| 531 |
+
| marlainan | **`mar-lain-an`** | 6.0 | `lain` |
|
| 532 |
+
| panilaian | **`pa-nilai-an`** | 6.0 | `nilai` |
|
| 533 |
+
| mardongan | **`mar-dong-an`** | 6.0 | `dong` |
|
| 534 |
+
| margontian | **`mar-gonti-an`** | 6.0 | `gonti` |
|
| 535 |
+
| mandefinision | **`man-definisi-on`** | 6.0 | `definisi` |
|
| 536 |
+
| pemerintahan | **`pemerintah-an`** | 4.5 | `pemerintah` |
|
| 537 |
+
| margandak | **`mar-gandak`** | 4.5 | `gandak` |
|
| 538 |
+
| habitatna | **`habitat-na`** | 4.5 | `habitat` |
|
| 539 |
|
| 540 |
### 6.6 Linguistic Interpretation
|
| 541 |
|
| 542 |
> **Automated Insight:**
|
| 543 |
+
The language Batak Mandailing shows high morphological productivity. The subword models are significantly more efficient than word models, suggesting a rich system of affixation or compounding.
|
| 544 |
+
|
| 545 |
+
> **Note on Idiomaticity:** The high Idiomaticity Gap suggests a large number of frequent multi-word expressions or formulaic sequences that are statistically distinct from their component parts.
|
| 546 |
|
| 547 |
---
|
| 548 |
## 7. Summary & Recommendations
|
|
|
|
| 769 |
---
|
| 770 |
*Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
|
| 771 |
|
| 772 |
+
*Report Date: 2026-01-03 19:44:07*
|
models/embeddings/aligned/btm_128d.bin
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|
models/embeddings/aligned/btm_128d.projection.npy
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|
| 2 |
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|
| 3 |
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|
| 4 |
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| 5 |
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models/embeddings/aligned/btm_32d.bin
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|
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|
| 1 |
+
{"lang": "btm", "dim": 32, "max_seq_len": 512, "is_aligned": true}
|
models/embeddings/aligned/btm_32d.projection.npy
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|
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models/embeddings/aligned/btm_32d_metadata.json
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{
|
| 2 |
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"language": "btm",
|
| 3 |
+
"dimension": 32,
|
| 4 |
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"version": "aligned",
|
| 5 |
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|
| 6 |
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|
| 7 |
+
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|
| 8 |
+
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|
models/embeddings/aligned/btm_64d.bin
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models/embeddings/aligned/btm_64d.meta.json
ADDED
|
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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|
|
|
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|
| 1 |
+
{"lang": "btm", "dim": 64, "max_seq_len": 512, "is_aligned": true}
|
models/embeddings/aligned/btm_64d.projection.npy
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|
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models/embeddings/aligned/btm_64d_metadata.json
ADDED
|
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{
|
| 2 |
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"language": "btm",
|
| 3 |
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"dimension": 64,
|
| 4 |
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"version": "aligned",
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"hub_language": "en",
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|
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|
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models/embeddings/monolingual/btm_128d.bin
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|
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models/embeddings/monolingual/btm_128d_metadata.json
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|
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|
| 11 |
"encoding_method": "rope",
|
| 12 |
"dim": 128
|
| 13 |
},
|
| 14 |
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"vocab_size":
|
| 15 |
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|
| 11 |
"encoding_method": "rope",
|
| 12 |
"dim": 128
|
| 13 |
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|
| 14 |
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"vocab_size": 4531
|
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|
models/embeddings/monolingual/btm_32d.bin
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size 257233953
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models/embeddings/monolingual/btm_32d_metadata.json
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| 11 |
"encoding_method": "rope",
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| 12 |
"dim": 32
|
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},
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"vocab_size":
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| 11 |
"encoding_method": "rope",
|
| 12 |
"dim": 32
|
| 13 |
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| 14 |
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"vocab_size": 4531
|
| 15 |
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|
models/embeddings/monolingual/btm_64d.bin
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