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- README.md +254 -131
- models/embeddings/monolingual/cdo_128d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/cdo_128d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/embeddings/monolingual/cdo_32d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/cdo_32d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/embeddings/monolingual/cdo_64d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/cdo_64d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/subword_markov/cdo_markov_ctx1_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/cdo_markov_ctx1_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/cdo_markov_ctx2_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/cdo_markov_ctx2_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/cdo_markov_ctx3_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/cdo_markov_ctx3_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/cdo_markov_ctx4_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/cdo_markov_ctx4_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/cdo_2gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/cdo_2gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/cdo_3gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/cdo_3gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/cdo_4gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/cdo_4gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/cdo_tokenizer_32k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/cdo_tokenizer_32k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/cdo_tokenizer_64k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/cdo_tokenizer_64k.vocab +0 -0
- models/vocabulary/cdo_vocabulary.parquet +2 -2
- models/vocabulary/cdo_vocabulary_metadata.json +10 -9
- models/word_markov/cdo_markov_ctx1_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/cdo_markov_ctx1_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/cdo_markov_ctx2_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/cdo_markov_ctx2_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/cdo_markov_ctx3_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/cdo_markov_ctx3_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/cdo_markov_ctx4_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/cdo_markov_ctx4_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/cdo_2gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/cdo_2gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/cdo_3gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/cdo_3gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/cdo_4gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/cdo_4gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- visualizations/embedding_isotropy.png +0 -0
- visualizations/embedding_norms.png +0 -0
- visualizations/embedding_similarity.png +2 -2
- visualizations/markov_branching.png +0 -0
- visualizations/markov_contexts.png +0 -0
- visualizations/markov_entropy.png +0 -0
- visualizations/model_sizes.png +0 -0
- visualizations/nearest_neighbors.png +0 -0
- visualizations/ngram_coverage.png +0 -0
README.md
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metrics:
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- name: best_compression_ratio
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type: compression
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value: 2.
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- name: best_isotropy
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type: isotropy
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value: 0.
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- name: vocabulary_size
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type: vocab
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generated:
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---
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# CDO - Wikilangs Models
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### Models & Assets
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- Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
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- N-gram models (2, 3, 4-gram)
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- Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3 and
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- Subword N-gram and Markov chains
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- Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions
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- Language Vocabulary
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- Language Statistics
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### Analysis and Evaluation
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- [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
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- [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
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- [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
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- [6.
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- [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
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- [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
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### Results
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| Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
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|------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
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| **32k** | 2.
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| **64k** | 2.
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### Tokenization Examples
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Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
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**Sample 1:** `
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 32k | `▁
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| 64k | `▁
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**Sample 2:** `Duâi dâi
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Guó-sié
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分類:1170 nièng-dâi`
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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**Sample 3:** `
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 2.
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- **Lowest UNK Rate:** 32k with 0.
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- **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
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- **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
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### Results
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| N-gram | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
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| **2-gram** |
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| **2-gram** |
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| **3-gram** |
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### Top 5 N-grams by Size
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**2-grams:**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram with
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- **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
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- **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~
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- **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
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---
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### Results
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| Context | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
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### Generated Text Samples
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Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
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**Context Size 1:**
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**Context Size 2:**
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**Context Size 3:**
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**Context Size 4:**
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Predictability:** Context-4 with
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- **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
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- **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
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---
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| Metric | Value |
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| Median Frequency | 3 |
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### Most Common Words
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| Rank | Word | Frequency |
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|------|------|-----------|
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### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
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### Zipf's Law Analysis
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| Metric | Value |
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| Zipf Coefficient | 1.3995 |
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| Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
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### Coverage Analysis
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| Top N Words | Coverage |
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### Key Findings
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---
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## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
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### Model Comparison
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### Key Findings
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- **Recommendation:**
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---
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##
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| Component | Recommended | Rationale |
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|-----------|-------------|-----------|
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| Tokenizer | **
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| N-gram | **
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| Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (
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| Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
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---
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## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
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author = {Kamali, Omar},
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title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
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year = {2025},
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url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
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institution = {Omneity Labs}
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}
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- 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
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- 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
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- 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
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---
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*Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
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*Report Date:
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metrics:
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- name: best_compression_ratio
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type: compression
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value: 2.892
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- name: best_isotropy
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type: isotropy
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value: 0.5551
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- name: vocabulary_size
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type: vocab
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value: 0
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generated: 2026-01-03
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---
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# CDO - Wikilangs Models
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### Models & Assets
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- Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
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- N-gram models (2, 3, 4, 5-gram)
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- Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)
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- Subword N-gram and Markov chains
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- Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions (aligned and unaligned)
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- Language Vocabulary
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- Language Statistics
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### Analysis and Evaluation
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- [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
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- [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
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- [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
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- [6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)](#6-morphological-analysis)
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- [7. Summary & Recommendations](#7-summary--recommendations)
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| 65 |
- [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
|
| 66 |
- [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
|
| 67 |
|
|
|
|
| 70 |
|
| 71 |

|
| 72 |
|
| 73 |
+

|
| 74 |
+
|
| 75 |
+

|
| 76 |
+
|
| 77 |
+

|
| 78 |
+
|
| 79 |
### Results
|
| 80 |
|
| 81 |
| Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
|
| 82 |
|------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
|
| 83 |
+
| **32k** | 2.757x | 2.76 | 0.1034% | 257,325 |
|
| 84 |
+
| **64k** | 2.892x 🏆 | 2.90 | 0.1084% | 245,327 |
|
| 85 |
|
| 86 |
### Tokenization Examples
|
| 87 |
|
| 88 |
Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
|
| 89 |
|
| 90 |
+
**Sample 1:** `Bashkortostan sê Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆ gì siŏh ciáh gê̤ṳng-huò-guók. gì gê̤ṳng-huò-guók`
|
| 91 |
|
| 92 |
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
|
| 93 |
|-------|--------|-------|
|
| 94 |
+
| 32k | `▁b ash k ort os tan ▁sê ▁ngò ̤- lò ... (+17 more)` | 27 |
|
| 95 |
+
| 64k | `▁bash k ortos tan ▁sê ▁ngò ̤- lò ̤- sṳ̆ ... (+15 more)` | 25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 96 |
|
| 97 |
+
**Sample 2:** `Montague Gông (Ĭng-ngṳ̄: Montague County) sê Mī-guók Texas gì siŏh ciáh gông. gì...`
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 98 |
|
| 99 |
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
|
| 100 |
|-------|--------|-------|
|
| 101 |
+
| 32k | `▁mont a gue ▁gông ▁( ĭng - ngṳ̄ : ▁mont ... (+16 more)` | 26 |
|
| 102 |
+
| 64k | `▁montague ▁gông ▁( ĭng - ngṳ̄ : ▁montague ▁county ) ... (+12 more)` | 22 |
|
| 103 |
|
| 104 |
+
**Sample 3:** `Ochiltree Gông (Ĭng-ngṳ̄: Ochiltree County) sê Mī-guók Texas gì siŏh ciáh gông. ...`
|
| 105 |
|
| 106 |
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
|
| 107 |
|-------|--------|-------|
|
| 108 |
+
| 32k | `▁o chi l t re e ▁gông ▁( ĭng - ... (+22 more)` | 32 |
|
| 109 |
+
| 64k | `▁ochiltree ▁gông ▁( ĭng - ngṳ̄ : ▁ochiltree ▁county ) ... (+12 more)` | 22 |
|
| 110 |
|
| 111 |
|
| 112 |
### Key Findings
|
| 113 |
|
| 114 |
+
- **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 2.892x compression
|
| 115 |
+
- **Lowest UNK Rate:** 32k with 0.1034% unknown tokens
|
| 116 |
- **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
|
| 117 |
- **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
|
| 118 |
|
|
|
|
| 121 |
|
| 122 |

|
| 123 |
|
| 124 |
+

|
| 125 |
+
|
| 126 |

|
| 127 |
|
| 128 |
### Results
|
| 129 |
|
| 130 |
+
| N-gram | Variant | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
|
| 131 |
+
|--------|---------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
|
| 132 |
+
| **2-gram** | Word | 3,105 | 11.60 | 11,679 | 27.7% | 59.2% |
|
| 133 |
+
| **2-gram** | Subword | 342 🏆 | 8.42 | 6,912 | 63.5% | 95.8% |
|
| 134 |
+
| **3-gram** | Word | 4,698 | 12.20 | 17,954 | 23.8% | 52.2% |
|
| 135 |
+
| **3-gram** | Subword | 1,659 | 10.70 | 21,000 | 36.1% | 75.8% |
|
| 136 |
+
| **4-gram** | Word | 8,483 | 13.05 | 30,938 | 18.6% | 45.4% |
|
| 137 |
+
| **4-gram** | Subword | 5,744 | 12.49 | 69,193 | 23.7% | 55.8% |
|
| 138 |
|
| 139 |
### Top 5 N-grams by Size
|
| 140 |
|
| 141 |
+
**2-grams (Word):**
|
| 142 |
+
|
| 143 |
+
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 144 |
+
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 145 |
+
| 1 | `gì siŏh` | 6,258 |
|
| 146 |
+
| 2 | `siŏh ciáh` | 6,232 |
|
| 147 |
+
| 3 | `mī guók` | 3,385 |
|
| 148 |
+
| 4 | `sê mī` | 3,191 |
|
| 149 |
+
| 5 | `gì gông` | 3,000 |
|
| 150 |
+
|
| 151 |
+
**3-grams (Word):**
|
| 152 |
+
|
| 153 |
+
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 154 |
+
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 155 |
+
| 1 | `gì siŏh ciáh` | 5,413 |
|
| 156 |
+
| 2 | `sê mī guók` | 3,173 |
|
| 157 |
+
| 3 | `siŏh ciáh gông` | 3,000 |
|
| 158 |
+
| 4 | `ciáh gông gì` | 2,557 |
|
| 159 |
+
| 5 | `gông gì gông` | 2,557 |
|
| 160 |
+
|
| 161 |
+
**4-grams (Word):**
|
| 162 |
|
| 163 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 164 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 165 |
+
| 1 | `gì siŏh ciáh gông` | 3,000 |
|
| 166 |
+
| 2 | `ciáh gông gì gông` | 2,557 |
|
| 167 |
+
| 3 | `siŏh ciáh gông gì` | 2,557 |
|
| 168 |
+
| 4 | `county sê mī guók` | 1,971 |
|
| 169 |
+
| 5 | `gông sê mī guók` | 1,029 |
|
| 170 |
|
| 171 |
+
**2-grams (Subword):**
|
| 172 |
|
| 173 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 174 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 175 |
+
| 1 | `n g` | 146,797 |
|
| 176 |
+
| 2 | `_ g` | 59,970 |
|
| 177 |
+
| 3 | `g -` | 55,946 |
|
| 178 |
+
| 4 | `g _` | 55,139 |
|
| 179 |
+
| 5 | `_ s` | 41,311 |
|
| 180 |
|
| 181 |
+
**3-grams (Subword):**
|
| 182 |
|
| 183 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 184 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 185 |
+
| 1 | `n g -` | 55,920 |
|
| 186 |
+
| 2 | `n g _` | 55,025 |
|
| 187 |
+
| 3 | `_ g ì` | 23,090 |
|
| 188 |
+
| 4 | `g ì _` | 22,312 |
|
| 189 |
+
| 5 | `_ s i` | 14,134 |
|
| 190 |
+
|
| 191 |
+
**4-grams (Subword):**
|
| 192 |
+
|
| 193 |
+
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 194 |
+
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 195 |
+
| 1 | `_ g ì _` | 22,161 |
|
| 196 |
+
| 2 | `_ s ê _` | 13,231 |
|
| 197 |
+
| 3 | `n g _ g` | 11,336 |
|
| 198 |
+
| 4 | `i ŏ h _` | 10,632 |
|
| 199 |
+
| 5 | `_ s i ŏ` | 9,391 |
|
| 200 |
|
| 201 |
|
| 202 |
### Key Findings
|
| 203 |
|
| 204 |
+
- **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram (subword) with 342
|
| 205 |
- **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
|
| 206 |
+
- **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~56% of corpus
|
| 207 |
- **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
|
| 208 |
|
| 209 |
---
|
|
|
|
| 211 |
|
| 212 |

|
| 213 |
|
| 214 |
+

|
| 215 |
+
|
| 216 |

|
| 217 |
|
| 218 |
### Results
|
| 219 |
|
| 220 |
+
| Context | Variant | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
|
| 221 |
+
|---------|---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
|
| 222 |
+
| **1** | Word | 0.4882 | 1.403 | 4.73 | 29,670 | 51.2% |
|
| 223 |
+
| **1** | Subword | 0.3461 | 1.271 | 2.92 | 25,622 | 65.4% |
|
| 224 |
+
| **2** | Word | 0.3187 | 1.247 | 1.80 | 139,308 | 68.1% |
|
| 225 |
+
| **2** | Subword | 0.2753 | 1.210 | 1.79 | 74,780 | 72.5% |
|
| 226 |
+
| **3** | Word | 0.1201 | 1.087 | 1.23 | 249,012 | 88.0% |
|
| 227 |
+
| **3** | Subword | 0.2343 | 1.176 | 1.69 | 133,665 | 76.6% |
|
| 228 |
+
| **4** | Word | 0.0526 🏆 | 1.037 | 1.09 | 301,670 | 94.7% |
|
| 229 |
+
| **4** | Subword | 0.2290 | 1.172 | 1.53 | 225,577 | 77.1% |
|
| 230 |
|
| 231 |
+
### Generated Text Samples (Word-based)
|
| 232 |
|
| 233 |
+
Below are text samples generated from each word-based Markov chain model:
|
| 234 |
|
| 235 |
**Context Size 1:**
|
| 236 |
|
| 237 |
+
1. `gì hiŏng 蘆洋鄉 bìng dēng có̤i kăi sṳ̄ gó nâ háng nè̤ng gó̤ lō̤ 法老 gái`
|
| 238 |
+
2. `sê dṳ̆ng huà ìng chê 邢臺市 lòng cĭ 退之 sê ĕng diŏh adelaide ô 2 nguŏk`
|
| 239 |
+
3. `siŏh bĭk cék éng sáuk īng lĭk â̤ dé̤ṳng buŏng nàng áng cê sê turkic ngṳ̄`
|
| 240 |
|
| 241 |
**Context Size 2:**
|
| 242 |
|
| 243 |
+
1. `gì siŏh cṳ̄ng lòi ĭng ôi sĭng ô 79 ciáh mŭk sṳ̆ 佳木斯 sê dṳ̆ng guók sĭng`
|
| 244 |
+
2. `siŏh ciáh chê hăk kṳ̆ 市轄區 lĭk sṳ̄ diē sié sê siŏh cṳ̄ng ciŏng muòng dò̤ lā̤`
|
| 245 |
+
3. `mī guók montana gì siŏh ciáh gông gì gông`
|
| 246 |
|
| 247 |
**Context Size 3:**
|
| 248 |
|
| 249 |
+
1. `gì siŏh ciáh duâi kṳ̆ gì duâi kṳ̆`
|
| 250 |
+
2. `sê mī guók kansas gì siŏh ciáh cê mō̤ diŏh eta gì piăng âu gâe̤ng sigma gì sèng`
|
| 251 |
+
3. `siŏh ciáh gông gì gông`
|
| 252 |
|
| 253 |
**Context Size 4:**
|
| 254 |
|
| 255 |
+
1. `gì siŏh ciáh gông gì gông`
|
| 256 |
+
2. `siŏh ciáh gông gì gông`
|
| 257 |
+
3. `county sê mī guók nebraska gì siŏh ciáh gông gì gông`
|
| 258 |
+
|
| 259 |
+
|
| 260 |
+
### Generated Text Samples (Subword-based)
|
| 261 |
+
|
| 262 |
+
Below are text samples generated from each subword-based Markov chain model:
|
| 263 |
+
|
| 264 |
+
**Context Size 1:**
|
| 265 |
+
|
| 266 |
+
1. `_ônià_hô̤_sênty)_`
|
| 267 |
+
2. `gì_ciônièng,_sṳ̄:`
|
| 268 |
+
3. `ngăngôner_g-ccáh`
|
| 269 |
+
|
| 270 |
+
**Context Size 2:**
|
| 271 |
+
|
| 272 |
+
1. `nguô_ka_cĭ_gì_dâ̤_`
|
| 273 |
+
2. `_gì_sié-sê_hŏk-cê`
|
| 274 |
+
3. `g-hĭ_(獨聯體)_gông_n`
|
| 275 |
+
|
| 276 |
+
**Context Size 3:**
|
| 277 |
+
|
| 278 |
+
1. `ng-hèng_biéng,_mac`
|
| 279 |
+
2. `ng_adahoma_gì_(兩個聲`
|
| 280 |
+
3. `_gì_siōng-dĕ̤ng-ŭk_`
|
| 281 |
+
|
| 282 |
+
**Context Size 4:**
|
| 283 |
+
|
| 284 |
+
1. `_gì_«sṳ̀ng-kṳ̆_dĕk-bi`
|
| 285 |
+
2. `_sê_„發現更大的世界“)_có̤_c`
|
| 286 |
+
3. `ng_găk_chăng-muò_(𧋘`
|
| 287 |
|
| 288 |
|
| 289 |
### Key Findings
|
| 290 |
|
| 291 |
+
- **Best Predictability:** Context-4 (word) with 94.7% predictability
|
| 292 |
- **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
|
| 293 |
+
- **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (225,577 contexts)
|
| 294 |
- **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
|
| 295 |
|
| 296 |
---
|
|
|
|
| 306 |
|
| 307 |
| Metric | Value |
|
| 308 |
|--------|-------|
|
| 309 |
+
| Vocabulary Size | 9,559 |
|
| 310 |
+
| Total Tokens | 467,385 |
|
| 311 |
+
| Mean Frequency | 48.89 |
|
| 312 |
| Median Frequency | 3 |
|
| 313 |
+
| Frequency Std Dev | 395.71 |
|
| 314 |
|
| 315 |
### Most Common Words
|
| 316 |
|
| 317 |
| Rank | Word | Frequency |
|
| 318 |
|------|------|-----------|
|
| 319 |
+
| 1 | gì | 23,295 |
|
| 320 |
+
| 2 | sê | 14,068 |
|
| 321 |
+
| 3 | siŏh | 9,247 |
|
| 322 |
+
| 4 | gông | 9,087 |
|
| 323 |
+
| 5 | guók | 8,549 |
|
| 324 |
+
| 6 | ciáh | 7,131 |
|
| 325 |
+
| 7 | nièng | 5,854 |
|
| 326 |
+
| 8 | ngṳ̄ | 5,277 |
|
| 327 |
+
| 9 | sié | 4,616 |
|
| 328 |
+
| 10 | gáu | 4,179 |
|
| 329 |
|
| 330 |
### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
|
| 331 |
|
| 332 |
| Rank | Word | Frequency |
|
| 333 |
|------|------|-----------|
|
| 334 |
+
| 1 | woolridge | 2 |
|
| 335 |
+
| 2 | imperiyası | 2 |
|
| 336 |
+
| 3 | abş | 2 |
|
| 337 |
+
| 4 | çox | 2 |
|
| 338 |
+
| 5 | dünyada | 2 |
|
| 339 |
+
| 6 | bütün | 2 |
|
| 340 |
+
| 7 | 嘉祿 | 2 |
|
| 341 |
+
| 8 | 六一路 | 2 |
|
| 342 |
+
| 9 | 神壇樹 | 2 |
|
| 343 |
+
| 10 | 신단수 | 2 |
|
| 344 |
|
| 345 |
### Zipf's Law Analysis
|
| 346 |
|
| 347 |
| Metric | Value |
|
| 348 |
|--------|-------|
|
| 349 |
| Zipf Coefficient | 1.3995 |
|
| 350 |
+
| R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.957431 |
|
| 351 |
| Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
|
| 352 |
|
| 353 |
### Coverage Analysis
|
| 354 |
|
| 355 |
| Top N Words | Coverage |
|
| 356 |
|-------------|----------|
|
| 357 |
+
| Top 100 | 52.2% |
|
| 358 |
+
| Top 1,000 | 91.7% |
|
| 359 |
+
| Top 5,000 | 98.0% |
|
| 360 |
+
| Top 10,000 | 0.0% |
|
| 361 |
|
| 362 |
### Key Findings
|
| 363 |
|
| 364 |
+
- **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9574 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
|
| 365 |
+
- **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 52.2% of corpus
|
| 366 |
+
- **Long Tail:** -441 words needed for remaining 100.0% coverage
|
| 367 |
|
| 368 |
---
|
| 369 |
## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
|
|
|
|
| 376 |
|
| 377 |

|
| 378 |
|
|
|
|
| 379 |
|
| 380 |
+
### 5.1 Cross-Lingual Alignment
|
| 381 |
+
|
| 382 |
+
> *Note: Multilingual alignment visualization not available for this language.*
|
| 383 |
+
|
| 384 |
+
|
| 385 |
+
### 5.2 Model Comparison
|
| 386 |
+
|
| 387 |
+
| Model | Dimension | Isotropy | Semantic Density | Alignment R@1 | Alignment R@10 |
|
| 388 |
+
|-------|-----------|----------|------------------|---------------|----------------|
|
| 389 |
+
| **mono_32d** | 32 | 0.5551 🏆 | 0.4156 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 390 |
+
| **mono_64d** | 64 | 0.1856 | 0.4055 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 391 |
+
| **mono_128d** | 128 | 0.0279 | 0.4128 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 392 |
|
| 393 |
### Key Findings
|
| 394 |
|
| 395 |
+
- **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.5551 (more uniform distribution)
|
| 396 |
+
- **Semantic Density:** Average pairwise similarity of 0.4113. Lower values indicate better semantic separation.
|
| 397 |
+
- **Alignment Quality:** No aligned models evaluated in this run.
|
| 398 |
+
- **Recommendation:** 128d aligned for best cross-lingual performance
|
| 399 |
+
|
| 400 |
+
---
|
| 401 |
+
## 6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)
|
| 402 |
+
|
| 403 |
+
> ⚠️ **Warning:** This language shows low morphological productivity. The statistical signals used for this analysis may be noisy or less reliable than for morphologically rich languages.
|
| 404 |
+
|
| 405 |
+
This section presents an automated morphological analysis derived from the statistical divergence between word-level and subword-level models. By analyzing where subword predictability spikes and where word-level coverage fails, we can infer linguistic structures without supervised data.
|
| 406 |
+
|
| 407 |
+
### 6.1 Productivity & Complexity
|
| 408 |
+
|
| 409 |
+
| Metric | Value | Interpretation | Recommendation |
|
| 410 |
+
|--------|-------|----------------|----------------|
|
| 411 |
+
| Productivity Index | **0.000** | Low morphological productivity | ⚠️ Likely unreliable |
|
| 412 |
+
| Idiomaticity Gap | **-1.000** | Low formulaic content | - |
|
| 413 |
+
|
| 414 |
+
### 6.2 Affix Inventory (Productive Units)
|
| 415 |
+
|
| 416 |
+
These are the most productive prefixes and suffixes identified by sampling the vocabulary for global substitutability patterns. A unit is considered an affix if stripping it leaves a valid stem that appears in other contexts.
|
| 417 |
+
|
| 418 |
+
*No productive affixes detected.*
|
| 419 |
+
|
| 420 |
+
|
| 421 |
+
### 6.3 Bound Stems (Lexical Roots)
|
| 422 |
+
|
| 423 |
+
Bound stems are high-frequency subword units that are semantically cohesive but rarely appear as standalone words. These often correspond to the 'core' of a word that requires inflection or derivation to be valid.
|
| 424 |
+
|
| 425 |
+
| Stem | Cohesion | Substitutability | Examples |
|
| 426 |
+
|------|----------|------------------|----------|
|
| 427 |
+
| `áung` | 1.97x | 9 contexts | táung, láung, dáung |
|
| 428 |
+
| `âung` | 1.96x | 9 contexts | câung, bâung, hâung |
|
| 429 |
+
| `iăng` | 1.80x | 7 contexts | hiăng, siăng, giăng |
|
| 430 |
+
| `iāng` | 1.55x | 8 contexts | liāng, biāng, ciāng |
|
| 431 |
+
|
| 432 |
+
### 6.4 Affix Compatibility (Co-occurrence)
|
| 433 |
+
|
| 434 |
+
This table shows which prefixes and suffixes most frequently co-occur on the same stems, revealing the 'stacking' rules of the language's morphology.
|
| 435 |
+
|
| 436 |
+
*No significant affix co-occurrences detected.*
|
| 437 |
+
|
| 438 |
+
|
| 439 |
+
### 6.5 Recursive Morpheme Segmentation
|
| 440 |
+
|
| 441 |
+
Using **Recursive Hierarchical Substitutability**, we decompose complex words into their constituent morphemes. This approach handles nested affixes (e.g., `prefix-prefix-root-suffix`).
|
| 442 |
+
|
| 443 |
+
*Insufficient data for recursive segmentation.*
|
| 444 |
+
|
| 445 |
+
|
| 446 |
+
### 6.6 Linguistic Interpretation
|
| 447 |
+
|
| 448 |
+
> **Automated Insight:**
|
| 449 |
+
The language CDO appears to be more isolating or has a highly fixed vocabulary. Word-level models perform nearly as well as subword models, indicating fewer productive morphological processes.
|
| 450 |
|
| 451 |
---
|
| 452 |
+
## 7. Summary & Recommendations
|
| 453 |
|
| 454 |

|
| 455 |
|
|
|
|
| 457 |
|
| 458 |
| Component | Recommended | Rationale |
|
| 459 |
|-----------|-------------|-----------|
|
| 460 |
+
| Tokenizer | **64k BPE** | Best compression (2.89x) |
|
| 461 |
+
| N-gram | **2-gram** | Lowest perplexity (342) |
|
| 462 |
+
| Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (94.7%) |
|
| 463 |
| Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
|
| 464 |
|
| 465 |
+
|
| 466 |
---
|
| 467 |
## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
|
| 468 |
|
|
|
|
| 652 |
author = {Kamali, Omar},
|
| 653 |
title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
|
| 654 |
year = {2025},
|
| 655 |
+
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.18073153},
|
| 656 |
+
publisher = {Zenodo},
|
| 657 |
url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
|
| 658 |
institution = {Omneity Labs}
|
| 659 |
}
|
|
|
|
| 669 |
- 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
|
| 670 |
- 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
|
| 671 |
- 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
|
| 672 |
+
- 🤝 Sponsor: [Featherless AI](https://featherless.ai)
|
| 673 |
---
|
| 674 |
*Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
|
| 675 |
|
| 676 |
+
*Report Date: 2026-01-03 09:43:04*
|
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models/word_markov/cdo_markov_ctx2_word_metadata.json
CHANGED
|
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
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|
| 2 |
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|
| 3 |
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| 4 |
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models/word_markov/cdo_markov_ctx3_word.parquet
CHANGED
|
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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|
| 1 |
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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models/word_markov/cdo_markov_ctx3_word_metadata.json
CHANGED
|
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
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|
| 2 |
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|
| 3 |
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|
| 4 |
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models/word_markov/cdo_markov_ctx4_word.parquet
CHANGED
|
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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|
| 1 |
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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models/word_markov/cdo_markov_ctx4_word_metadata.json
CHANGED
|
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
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|
| 2 |
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|
| 3 |
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| 4 |
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models/word_ngram/cdo_2gram_word.parquet
CHANGED
|
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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models/word_ngram/cdo_2gram_word_metadata.json
CHANGED
|
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
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|
| 2 |
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|
| 3 |
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| 4 |
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|
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models/word_ngram/cdo_3gram_word.parquet
CHANGED
|
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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| 1 |
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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models/word_ngram/cdo_3gram_word_metadata.json
CHANGED
|
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
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| 2 |
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|
| 3 |
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| 4 |
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models/word_ngram/cdo_4gram_word.parquet
CHANGED
|
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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| 1 |
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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models/word_ngram/cdo_4gram_word_metadata.json
CHANGED
|
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
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|
| 2 |
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| 3 |
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| 4 |
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visualizations/embedding_isotropy.png
CHANGED
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visualizations/embedding_norms.png
CHANGED
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visualizations/embedding_similarity.png
CHANGED
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|
visualizations/markov_branching.png
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visualizations/markov_contexts.png
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visualizations/markov_entropy.png
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visualizations/model_sizes.png
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visualizations/nearest_neighbors.png
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visualizations/ngram_coverage.png
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