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- README.md +315 -139
- models/embeddings/monolingual/co_128d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/co_128d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/embeddings/monolingual/co_32d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/co_32d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/embeddings/monolingual/co_64d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/co_64d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/subword_markov/co_markov_ctx1_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/co_markov_ctx1_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/co_markov_ctx2_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/co_markov_ctx2_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/co_markov_ctx3_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/co_markov_ctx3_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/co_markov_ctx4_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/co_markov_ctx4_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/co_2gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/co_2gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/co_3gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/co_3gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/co_4gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/co_4gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/co_tokenizer_16k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/co_tokenizer_16k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/co_tokenizer_32k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/co_tokenizer_32k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/co_tokenizer_64k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/co_tokenizer_64k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/co_tokenizer_8k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/co_tokenizer_8k.vocab +0 -0
- models/vocabulary/co_vocabulary.parquet +2 -2
- models/vocabulary/co_vocabulary_metadata.json +10 -9
- models/word_markov/co_markov_ctx1_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/co_markov_ctx1_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/co_markov_ctx2_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/co_markov_ctx2_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/co_markov_ctx3_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/co_markov_ctx3_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/co_markov_ctx4_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/co_markov_ctx4_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/co_2gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/co_2gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/co_3gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/co_3gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/co_4gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/co_4gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- visualizations/embedding_isotropy.png +0 -0
- visualizations/embedding_norms.png +0 -0
- visualizations/embedding_similarity.png +2 -2
- visualizations/markov_branching.png +0 -0
- visualizations/markov_contexts.png +0 -0
README.md
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metrics:
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- name: best_compression_ratio
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type: compression
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value: 4.
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- name: best_isotropy
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type: isotropy
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value: 0.
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- name: vocabulary_size
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type: vocab
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value:
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generated:
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---
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# CO - Wikilangs Models
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### Models & Assets
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- Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
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- N-gram models (2, 3, 4-gram)
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- Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3 and
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- Subword N-gram and Markov chains
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- Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions
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- Language Vocabulary
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- Language Statistics
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### Analysis and Evaluation
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- [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
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- [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
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- [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
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- [6.
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- [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
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- [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
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### Results
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| Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
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|------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
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| **8k** | 3.
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| **16k** | 3.
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| **32k** | 3.
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| **64k** | 4.
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### Tokenization Examples
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Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
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**Sample 1:** `hè una cumuna
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁hè ▁una ▁cumuna ▁
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| 16k | `▁hè ▁una ▁cumuna ▁
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| 32k | `▁hè ▁una ▁cumuna ▁
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| 64k | `▁hè ▁una ▁cumuna ▁
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**Sample 2:** `Aries Spears hè un attore americanu.
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Biugrafia
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Listinu di l'...`
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁
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| 16k | `▁
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| 32k | `▁
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| 64k | `▁
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**Sample 3:** `
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Da vede dinò
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Listinu di...`
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁
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| 16k | `▁
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| 32k | `▁
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| 64k | `▁
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 4.
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- **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.
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- **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
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- **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
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### Results
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| N-gram | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
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| **2-gram** |
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| **2-gram** |
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| **3-gram** |
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| **3-gram** | 1,
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| **4-gram** |
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| **4-gram** |
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### Top 5 N-grams by Size
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**2-grams:**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `
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| 2 | `di
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**3-grams:**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `
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| 3 | `a famiglia
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**4-grams:**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `di a famiglia di` | 2,
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| 2 | `a famiglia di i` | 2,171 |
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram with
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- **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
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- **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~
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- **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
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---
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### Results
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| Context | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
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### Generated Text Samples
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Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
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**Context Size 1:**
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1. `di l
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**Context Size 2:**
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1. `
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**Context Size 3:**
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1. `
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**Context Size 4:**
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1. `di a famiglia di
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2. `a famiglia di i
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3. `hè una spezia di
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Predictability:** Context-4 with
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- **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
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- **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (
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- **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
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---
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| Metric | Value |
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|--------|-------|
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| Vocabulary Size |
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| Total Tokens | 2,
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| Mean Frequency | 37.
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| Median Frequency | 4 |
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| Frequency Std Dev |
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### Most Common Words
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| Rank | Word | Frequency |
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|------|------|-----------|
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| 2 | u | 84,
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### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
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| Rank | Word | Frequency |
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### Zipf's Law Analysis
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| Metric | Value |
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|--------|-------|
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| Zipf Coefficient | 1.
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| R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.
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| Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
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### Coverage Analysis
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| Top N Words | Coverage |
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|-------------|----------|
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| Top 100 | 48.
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| Top 5,000 |
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| Top 10,000 | 89.
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### Key Findings
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- **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9970 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
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- **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 48.
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- **Long Tail:**
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---
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## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
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### Model Comparison
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.
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- **Recommendation:**
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---
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## 6.
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| Component | Recommended | Rationale |
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|-----------|-------------|-----------|
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| Tokenizer | **
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| N-gram | **
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| Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (
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| Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
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---
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## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
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author = {Kamali, Omar},
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title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
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year = {2025},
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url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
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institution = {Omneity Labs}
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}
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@@ -556,7 +731,8 @@ MIT License - Free for academic and commercial use.
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- 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
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- 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
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- 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
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---
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*Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
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*Report Date:
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metrics:
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- name: best_compression_ratio
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type: compression
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value: 4.197
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- name: best_isotropy
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type: isotropy
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value: 0.8272
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- name: vocabulary_size
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type: vocab
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value: 0
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generated: 2026-01-03
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---
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# CO - Wikilangs Models
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### Models & Assets
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- Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
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- N-gram models (2, 3, 4, 5-gram)
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- Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)
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- Subword N-gram and Markov chains
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- Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions (aligned and unaligned)
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- Language Vocabulary
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- Language Statistics
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### Analysis and Evaluation
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- [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
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- [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
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- [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
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- [6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)](#6-morphological-analysis)
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- [7. Summary & Recommendations](#7-summary--recommendations)
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- [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
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- [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
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### Results
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| Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
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|------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
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| **8k** | 3.418x | 3.42 | 0.0321% | 368,161 |
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| **16k** | 3.691x | 3.69 | 0.0346% | 340,883 |
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| **32k** | 3.970x | 3.97 | 0.0372% | 316,946 |
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| **64k** | 4.197x 🏆 | 4.20 | 0.0394% | 299,775 |
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### Tokenization Examples
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Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
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**Sample 1:** `Agliana hè una cumuna toscana di a pruvincia di Pistoia. Teni abitanti cumuna di...`
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁a gli ana ▁hè ▁una ▁cumuna ▁toscana ▁di ▁a ▁pruvincia ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
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| 16k | `▁a gli ana ▁hè ▁una ▁cumuna ▁toscana ▁di ▁a ▁pruvincia ... (+8 more)` | 18 |
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| 32k | `▁agli ana ▁hè ▁una ▁cumuna ▁toscana ▁di ▁a ▁pruvincia ▁di ... (+7 more)` | 17 |
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| 64k | `▁agliana ▁hè ▁una ▁cumuna ▁toscana ▁di ▁a ▁pruvincia ▁di ▁pistoia ... (+6 more)` | 16 |
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**Sample 2:** `Monteriggioni hè una cumuna toscana di a pruvincia di Siena.Teni 7.877 abitanti....`
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁monte ri ggi oni ▁hè ▁una ▁cumuna ▁toscana ▁di ▁a ... (+15 more)` | 25 |
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| 16k | `▁monte ri ggi oni ▁hè ▁una ▁cumuna ▁toscana ▁di ▁a ... (+15 more)` | 25 |
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| 32k | `▁monte ri ggi oni ▁hè ▁una ▁cumuna ▁toscana ▁di ▁a ... (+15 more)` | 25 |
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| 64k | `▁monteriggioni ▁hè ▁una ▁cumuna ▁toscana ▁di ▁a ▁pruvincia ▁di ▁siena ... (+12 more)` | 22 |
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**Sample 3:** `Sean Justin Penn hè un attore americanu. Biugrafia Da vede dinò The Thin Red Lin...`
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁s ean ▁j us tin ▁pen n ▁hè ▁un ▁attore ... (+22 more)` | 32 |
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| 16k | `▁sean ▁jus tin ▁pen n ▁hè ▁un ▁attore ▁americanu . ... (+16 more)` | 26 |
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| 32k | `▁sean ▁jus tin ▁penn ▁hè ▁un ▁attore ▁americanu . ▁biugrafia ... (+13 more)` | 23 |
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| 64k | `▁sean ▁justin ▁penn ▁hè ▁un ▁attore ▁americanu . ▁biugrafia ▁da ... (+12 more)` | 22 |
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 4.197x compression
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- **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.0321% unknown tokens
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- **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
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- **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
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### Results
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| N-gram | Variant | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
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|--------|---------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
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| **2-gram** | Word | 9,228 | 13.17 | 49,319 | 22.0% | 44.8% |
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| **2-gram** | Subword | 221 🏆 | 7.79 | 3,181 | 71.2% | 99.6% |
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| **3-gram** | Word | 24,246 | 14.57 | 83,012 | 11.1% | 30.7% |
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| **3-gram** | Subword | 1,706 | 10.74 | 22,404 | 28.4% | 77.6% |
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| **4-gram** | Word | 41,538 | 15.34 | 136,699 | 9.4% | 25.8% |
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| **4-gram** | Subword | 9,044 | 13.14 | 107,042 | 13.9% | 42.6% |
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### Top 5 N-grams by Size
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**2-grams (Word):**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `di u` | 18,783 |
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| 2 | `di a` | 18,523 |
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| 3 | `di l` | 13,279 |
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| 4 | `di i` | 10,605 |
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| 5 | `à u` | 9,199 |
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**3-grams (Word):**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `a famiglia di` | 4,349 |
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| 2 | `hè una spezia` | 3,355 |
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| 3 | `di a famiglia` | 2,698 |
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| 4 | `hè una pianta` | 2,612 |
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| 5 | `una spezia di` | 2,287 |
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**4-grams (Word):**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `di a famiglia di` | 2,629 |
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| 2 | `a famiglia di i` | 2,171 |
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| 3 | `hè una spezia di` | 2,061 |
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| 4 | `annantu à wikimedia commons` | 1,945 |
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| 5 | `à wikimedia commons di` | 1,923 |
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**2-grams (Subword):**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `i _` | 432,981 |
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| 2 | `a _` | 404,157 |
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| 3 | `u _` | 316,081 |
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| 4 | `_ d` | 246,351 |
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| 5 | `d i` | 217,005 |
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**3-grams (Subword):**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `_ d i` | 173,124 |
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| 2 | `d i _` | 152,141 |
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| 3 | `_ i n` | 82,653 |
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| 4 | `_ u _` | 81,426 |
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| 5 | `_ a _` | 72,871 |
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**4-grams (Subword):**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `_ d i _` | 143,493 |
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| 2 | `_ i n _` | 57,416 |
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| 3 | `a _ d i` | 45,268 |
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| 4 | `_ h è _` | 44,732 |
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| 5 | `i _ d i` | 35,176 |
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram (subword) with 221
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- **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
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- **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~43% of corpus
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- **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
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---
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### Results
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| Context | Variant | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
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|---------|---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
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| **1** | Word | 0.8949 | 1.860 | 5.60 | 123,267 | 10.5% |
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| **1** | Subword | 1.0516 | 2.073 | 8.41 | 976 | 0.0% |
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| **2** | Word | 0.3102 | 1.240 | 1.80 | 688,381 | 69.0% |
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| **2** | Subword | 0.9618 | 1.948 | 5.61 | 8,204 | 3.8% |
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| **3** | Word | 0.1337 | 1.097 | 1.25 | 1,235,287 | 86.6% |
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| **3** | Subword | 0.7919 | 1.731 | 3.99 | 46,007 | 20.8% |
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| **4** | Word | 0.0622 🏆 | 1.044 | 1.10 | 1,541,605 | 93.8% |
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| **4** | Subword | 0.6473 | 1.566 | 2.90 | 183,668 | 35.3% |
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### Generated Text Samples (Word-based)
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Below are text samples generated from each word-based Markov chain model:
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**Context Size 1:**
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1. `di l onore di culombu facciandine e rete di pianta di u guvernu à spessu in`
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2. `u so foglie basale lanceulate è difficili suprattuttu vocalici senza fà la tira glǝ munnǝ è`
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3. `a gioia quandu ridatti i casci sò forsi statu indipindente di l india di sporti ecunumia`
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**Context Size 2:**
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1. `di u muvimentu di a pruvincia agira aidone assoro calascibetta caltanissetta cl gangi pa leonforte n...`
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2. `di a corsica nordu africa uccidintali in sudafrica è in europa meridiunale è cintrale burhinus oedic...`
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3. `di l annu avenimenti in corsica jeanmonod d gamisans j flora corsica 2 ed edisud noti altri`
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**Context Size 3:**
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1. `a famiglia di e papaveraceae si distingue da i so piccioli sò ritti ramificati è cuparti à pela`
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2. `hè una spezia di pianta chì face parte di a famiglia di i labrinae ss articulu pruveni in`
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3. `di a famiglia di i poaceae discrizzioni poa bulbosa hè prisenti in l alpi i pirenei è i`
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**Context Size 4:**
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1. `di a famiglia di e polygonaceae si distingue da e so fiurarelli rusulatu pallidu à purpureu ragruppa...`
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2. `a famiglia di i dryopteridaceae ss articulu pruveni in parti o in tutalità da l articulu currispunde...`
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3. `hè una spezia di pianta arbacea vivaci appartinendu à a famiglia di i fabaceae discrizzioni ornithop...`
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### Generated Text Samples (Subword-based)
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Below are text samples generated from each subword-based Markov chain model:
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**Context Size 1:**
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1. `_pinaga._i_cavac`
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2. `isa_se_ssa_villa`
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3. `ara_dinum'a_dici`
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**Context Size 2:**
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1. `i_fece_fiazionduc`
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2. `a_hè_a_chì_nalegu`
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3. `u_50px_le_d'isi_f`
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**Context Size 3:**
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1. `_di_"forte_pianu_p`
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2. `di_incamplica_è_fa`
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3. `_in_atlantunimentr`
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**Context Size 4:**
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1. `_di_frutti_in_corsa`
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2. `_in_u_harrisparterà`
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3. `a_di_lunghjadori_ri`
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Predictability:** Context-4 (word) with 93.8% predictability
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- **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
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- **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (183,668 contexts)
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- **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
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---
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| Metric | Value |
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|--------|-------|
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| Vocabulary Size | 58,612 |
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| Total Tokens | 2,193,141 |
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| Mean Frequency | 37.42 |
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| Median Frequency | 4 |
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| Frequency Std Dev | 979.13 |
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### Most Common Words
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| Rank | Word | Frequency |
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|------|------|-----------|
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| 1 | di | 143,885 |
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| 2 | u | 84,171 |
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| 3 | a | 75,994 |
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| 4 | è | 66,959 |
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| 5 | in | 58,823 |
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| 6 | à | 58,335 |
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| 7 | l | 48,252 |
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| 8 | hè | 45,746 |
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| 9 | i | 45,068 |
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| 10 | da | 24,631 |
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### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
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| Rank | Word | Frequency |
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|------|------|-----------|
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| 1 | zampigiallu | 2 |
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| 2 | lepeletier | 2 |
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| 3 | nigrithorax | 2 |
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| 4 | crabro | 2 |
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| 5 | entomologhi | 2 |
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| 6 | priculusità | 2 |
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| 7 | apiarie | 2 |
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| 8 | cottura | 2 |
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| 9 | risuttati | 2 |
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| 10 | tippicu | 2 |
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### Zipf's Law Analysis
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| Metric | Value |
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|--------|-------|
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| Zipf Coefficient | 1.0564 |
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| R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.996983 |
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| Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
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### Coverage Analysis
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| Top N Words | Coverage |
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|-------------|----------|
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| Top 100 | 48.8% |
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| Top 1,000 | 69.5% |
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| Top 5,000 | 84.0% |
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| Top 10,000 | 89.4% |
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### Key Findings
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- **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9970 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
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- **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 48.8% of corpus
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- **Long Tail:** 48,612 words needed for remaining 10.6% coverage
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---
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## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
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### 5.1 Cross-Lingual Alignment
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> *Note: Multilingual alignment visualization not available for this language.*
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### 5.2 Model Comparison
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| Model | Dimension | Isotropy | Semantic Density | Alignment R@1 | Alignment R@10 |
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|-------|-----------|----------|------------------|---------------|----------------|
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| **mono_32d** | 32 | 0.8272 🏆 | 0.3408 | N/A | N/A |
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| **mono_64d** | 64 | 0.8188 | 0.2697 | N/A | N/A |
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| **mono_128d** | 128 | 0.7473 | 0.2166 | N/A | N/A |
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.8272 (more uniform distribution)
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- **Semantic Density:** Average pairwise similarity of 0.2757. Lower values indicate better semantic separation.
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- **Alignment Quality:** No aligned models evaluated in this run.
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| 406 |
+
- **Recommendation:** 128d aligned for best cross-lingual performance
|
| 407 |
|
| 408 |
---
|
| 409 |
+
## 6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)
|
| 410 |
+
|
| 411 |
+
> ⚠️ **Warning:** This language shows low morphological productivity. The statistical signals used for this analysis may be noisy or less reliable than for morphologically rich languages.
|
| 412 |
+
|
| 413 |
+
This section presents an automated morphological analysis derived from the statistical divergence between word-level and subword-level models. By analyzing where subword predictability spikes and where word-level coverage fails, we can infer linguistic structures without supervised data.
|
| 414 |
+
|
| 415 |
+
### 6.1 Productivity & Complexity
|
| 416 |
+
|
| 417 |
+
| Metric | Value | Interpretation | Recommendation |
|
| 418 |
+
|--------|-------|----------------|----------------|
|
| 419 |
+
| Productivity Index | **0.000** | Low morphological productivity | ⚠️ Likely unreliable |
|
| 420 |
+
| Idiomaticity Gap | **-1.000** | Low formulaic content | - |
|
| 421 |
+
|
| 422 |
+
### 6.2 Affix Inventory (Productive Units)
|
| 423 |
+
|
| 424 |
+
These are the most productive prefixes and suffixes identified by sampling the vocabulary for global substitutability patterns. A unit is considered an affix if stripping it leaves a valid stem that appears in other contexts.
|
| 425 |
+
|
| 426 |
+
#### Productive Prefixes
|
| 427 |
+
| Prefix | Examples |
|
| 428 |
+
|--------|----------|
|
| 429 |
+
| `-cu` | cullisori, cunisciutu, cumbinatoria |
|
| 430 |
+
| `-ca` | cartagene, caerulescens, casagliò |
|
| 431 |
+
| `-ri` | rizomatosu, ritiranu, ricustruita |
|
| 432 |
+
| `-in` | innù, ingannatu, ingaghjatu |
|
| 433 |
+
| `-pr` | produtta, predita, produzzione |
|
| 434 |
+
| `-ma` | macidonia, matrimonii, maestro |
|
| 435 |
+
| `-di` | difendidori, differenziale, dicriscenti |
|
| 436 |
+
| `-pa` | pavillon, paola, parentella |
|
| 437 |
+
|
| 438 |
+
#### Productive Suffixes
|
| 439 |
+
| Suffix | Examples |
|
| 440 |
+
|--------|----------|
|
| 441 |
+
| `-a` | occhjatana, mdina, illeghjittima |
|
| 442 |
+
| `-i` | petrignani, quindici, cullisori |
|
| 443 |
+
| `-u` | locudoresu, glaucu, fuculaghju |
|
| 444 |
+
| `-e` | phryganae, christine, volume |
|
| 445 |
+
| `-tu` | cunisciutu, bassistu, ingannatu |
|
| 446 |
+
| `-ni` | petrignani, parsicuzioni, bizantini |
|
| 447 |
+
| `-ti` | viditi, dalmati, stupefacenti |
|
| 448 |
+
| `-ta` | avvilanata, szocialista, produtta |
|
| 449 |
+
|
| 450 |
+
### 6.3 Bound Stems (Lexical Roots)
|
| 451 |
+
|
| 452 |
+
Bound stems are high-frequency subword units that are semantically cohesive but rarely appear as standalone words. These often correspond to the 'core' of a word that requires inflection or derivation to be valid.
|
| 453 |
+
|
| 454 |
+
| Stem | Cohesion | Substitutability | Examples |
|
| 455 |
+
|------|----------|------------------|----------|
|
| 456 |
+
| `endu` | 2.27x | 73 contexts | fendu, vendu, dendu |
|
| 457 |
+
| `enti` | 1.76x | 119 contexts | lenti, penti, menti |
|
| 458 |
+
| `azio` | 1.86x | 55 contexts | tazio, lazio, orazio |
|
| 459 |
+
| `aghj` | 1.50x | 141 contexts | aghje, aghju, aghja |
|
| 460 |
+
| `ment` | 1.57x | 87 contexts | mentr, menti, menta |
|
| 461 |
+
| `glia` | 1.64x | 69 contexts | aglia, figlia, voglia |
|
| 462 |
+
| `zion` | 1.67x | 63 contexts | lezion, azione, nuzione |
|
| 463 |
+
| `igli` | 1.44x | 112 contexts | figli, migli, cigli |
|
| 464 |
+
| `tura` | 1.59x | 62 contexts | altura, matura, turaci |
|
| 465 |
+
| `cors` | 1.85x | 33 contexts | corsa, corso, corsi |
|
| 466 |
+
| `sica` | 1.55x | 37 contexts | fisica, sicani, musica |
|
| 467 |
+
| `ific` | 1.48x | 43 contexts | edificà, pacific, unificà |
|
| 468 |
+
|
| 469 |
+
### 6.4 Affix Compatibility (Co-occurrence)
|
| 470 |
+
|
| 471 |
+
This table shows which prefixes and suffixes most frequently co-occur on the same stems, revealing the 'stacking' rules of the language's morphology.
|
| 472 |
+
|
| 473 |
+
| Prefix | Suffix | Frequency | Examples |
|
| 474 |
+
|--------|--------|-----------|----------|
|
| 475 |
+
| `-cu` | `-u` | 75 words | cumandamentu, cutratu |
|
| 476 |
+
| `-cu` | `-i` | 74 words | cuttoli, custituenti |
|
| 477 |
+
| `-ri` | `-i` | 69 words | riunghji, riferimenti |
|
| 478 |
+
| `-pr` | `-i` | 66 words | prufundamenti, primuri |
|
| 479 |
+
| `-in` | `-i` | 66 words | infruttuosi, indoauropei |
|
| 480 |
+
| `-cu` | `-a` | 64 words | cumpattezza, cunghjunghja |
|
| 481 |
+
| `-ca` | `-u` | 63 words | cancelieru, cattru |
|
| 482 |
+
| `-cu` | `-e` | 58 words | cuuperazione, cuscione |
|
| 483 |
+
| `-ca` | `-a` | 54 words | capua, cathartica |
|
| 484 |
+
| `-ri` | `-a` | 51 words | rivolta, ridotta |
|
| 485 |
+
|
| 486 |
+
### 6.5 Recursive Morpheme Segmentation
|
| 487 |
+
|
| 488 |
+
Using **Recursive Hierarchical Substitutability**, we decompose complex words into their constituent morphemes. This approach handles nested affixes (e.g., `prefix-prefix-root-suffix`).
|
| 489 |
+
|
| 490 |
+
| Word | Suggested Split | Confidence | Stem |
|
| 491 |
+
|------|-----------------|------------|------|
|
| 492 |
+
| incasciata | **`in-ca-scia-ta`** | 7.5 | `scia` |
|
| 493 |
+
| mariteddu | **`ma-ri-teddu`** | 6.0 | `teddu` |
|
| 494 |
+
| olivetani | **`olive-ta-ni`** | 6.0 | `olive` |
|
| 495 |
+
| infattonu | **`in-fatto-nu`** | 6.0 | `fatto` |
|
| 496 |
+
| indebulitu | **`in-debuli-tu`** | 6.0 | `debuli` |
|
| 497 |
+
| cunvertuti | **`cu-nver-tu-ti`** | 4.5 | `nver` |
|
| 498 |
+
| sustenenu | **`sustene-nu`** | 4.5 | `sustene` |
|
| 499 |
+
| cunsultatu | **`cu-nsul-ta-tu`** | 4.5 | `nsul` |
|
| 500 |
+
| dilimitatu | **`di-limi-ta-tu`** | 4.5 | `limi` |
|
| 501 |
+
| reichardia | **`reichard-ia`** | 4.5 | `reichard` |
|
| 502 |
+
| affissati | **`affissa-ti`** | 4.5 | `affissa` |
|
| 503 |
+
| riabilità | **`ri-abilità`** | 4.5 | `abilità` |
|
| 504 |
+
| siracusani | **`siracusa-ni`** | 4.5 | `siracusa` |
|
| 505 |
+
| ripresenta | **`ri-pr-esen-ta`** | 4.5 | `esen` |
|
| 506 |
+
| chjappani | **`chjappa-ni`** | 4.5 | `chjappa` |
|
| 507 |
+
|
| 508 |
+
### 6.6 Linguistic Interpretation
|
| 509 |
+
|
| 510 |
+
> **Automated Insight:**
|
| 511 |
+
The language CO appears to be more isolating or has a highly fixed vocabulary. Word-level models perform nearly as well as subword models, indicating fewer productive morphological processes.
|
| 512 |
+
|
| 513 |
+
---
|
| 514 |
+
## 7. Summary & Recommendations
|
| 515 |
|
| 516 |

|
| 517 |
|
|
|
|
| 519 |
|
| 520 |
| Component | Recommended | Rationale |
|
| 521 |
|-----------|-------------|-----------|
|
| 522 |
+
| Tokenizer | **64k BPE** | Best compression (4.20x) |
|
| 523 |
+
| N-gram | **2-gram** | Lowest perplexity (221) |
|
| 524 |
+
| Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (93.8%) |
|
| 525 |
| Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
|
| 526 |
|
| 527 |
+
|
| 528 |
---
|
| 529 |
## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
|
| 530 |
|
|
|
|
| 714 |
author = {Kamali, Omar},
|
| 715 |
title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
|
| 716 |
year = {2025},
|
| 717 |
+
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.18073153},
|
| 718 |
+
publisher = {Zenodo},
|
| 719 |
url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
|
| 720 |
institution = {Omneity Labs}
|
| 721 |
}
|
|
|
|
| 731 |
- 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
|
| 732 |
- 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
|
| 733 |
- 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
|
| 734 |
+
- 🤝 Sponsor: [Featherless AI](https://featherless.ai)
|
| 735 |
---
|
| 736 |
*Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
|
| 737 |
|
| 738 |
+
*Report Date: 2026-01-03 10:28:53*
|
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