Maltese - Wikilangs Models

Comprehensive Research Report & Full Ablation Study

This repository contains NLP models trained and evaluated by Wikilangs, specifically on Maltese Wikipedia data. We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and word embeddings.

πŸ“‹ Repository Contents

Models & Assets

  • Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
  • N-gram models (2, 3, 4, 5-gram)
  • Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)
  • Subword N-gram and Markov chains
  • Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions (aligned and unaligned)
  • Language Vocabulary
  • Language Statistics

Performance Dashboard

Analysis and Evaluation


1. Tokenizer Evaluation

Tokenizer Compression

Tokenizer Fertility

Tokenizer OOV

Total Tokens

Results

Vocab Size Compression Avg Token Len UNK Rate Total Tokens
8k 3.321x 3.32 0.0374% 1,583,826
16k 3.646x 3.65 0.0411% 1,442,511
32k 3.912x 3.91 0.0441% 1,344,286
64k 4.089x πŸ† 4.09 0.0461% 1,286,257

Tokenization Examples

Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:

Sample 1: Il-Festival tal-Eurovision kien it-62 edizzjoni ta' dan il-konkors u sar fil-bel...

Vocab Tokens Count
8k ▁il - festival ▁tal - eurovision ▁kien ▁it - 6 ... (+25 more) 35
16k ▁il - festival ▁tal - eurovision ▁kien ▁it - 6 ... (+25 more) 35
32k ▁il - festival ▁tal - eurovision ▁kien ▁it - 6 ... (+25 more) 35
64k ▁il - festival ▁tal - eurovision ▁kien ▁it - 6 ... (+25 more) 35

Sample 2: Andrew Danylyszyn huwa eks-plejer tal-futbol u kowΔ‹ IngliΕΌ. BΔ§alissa huwa jikkow...

Vocab Tokens Count
8k ▁andrew ▁dan yl ys z yn ▁huwa ▁eks - plejer ... (+25 more) 35
16k ▁andrew ▁dan yl ys z yn ▁huwa ▁eks - plejer ... (+24 more) 34
32k ▁andrew ▁dan yl ys z yn ▁huwa ▁eks - plejer ... (+23 more) 33
64k ▁andrew ▁dan yl ysz yn ▁huwa ▁eks - plejer ▁tal ... (+21 more) 31

Sample 3: Caravaggio jista' jirreferi gΔ§al: Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio Polidoro da ...

Vocab Tokens Count
8k ▁cara va g gio ▁jista ' ▁jirreferi ▁gΔ§al : ▁michel ... (+23 more) 33
16k ▁cara va g gio ▁jista ' ▁jirreferi ▁gΔ§al : ▁michel ... (+22 more) 32
32k ▁caravaggio ▁jista ' ▁jirreferi ▁gΔ§al : ▁michelangelo ▁mer isi ▁da ... (+9 more) 19
64k ▁caravaggio ▁jista ' ▁jirreferi ▁gΔ§al : ▁michelangelo ▁merisi ▁da ▁caravaggio ... (+8 more) 18

Key Findings

  • Best Compression: 64k achieves 4.089x compression
  • Lowest UNK Rate: 8k with 0.0374% unknown tokens
  • Trade-off: Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
  • Recommendation: 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use

2. N-gram Model Evaluation

N-gram Perplexity

N-gram Unique

N-gram Coverage

Results

N-gram Variant Perplexity Entropy Unique N-grams Top-100 Coverage Top-1000 Coverage
2-gram Word 49,202 15.59 189,449 7.9% 23.6%
2-gram Subword 336 πŸ† 8.39 7,623 61.6% 98.8%
3-gram Word 123,630 16.92 301,660 4.6% 14.5%
3-gram Subword 2,929 11.52 55,069 23.9% 65.1%
4-gram Word 209,692 17.68 441,539 5.1% 13.5%
4-gram Subword 15,896 13.96 296,209 12.8% 36.1%
5-gram Word 120,331 16.88 273,504 7.7% 18.9%
5-gram Subword 56,702 15.79 862,182 8.0% 23.4%

Top 5 N-grams by Size

2-grams (Word):

Rank N-gram Count
1 u l 39,353
2 li l 11,839
3 l ewwel 11,433
4 wirt dinji 8,996
5 ta wirt 8,725

3-grams (Word):

Rank N-gram Count
1 ta wirt dinji 8,587
2 sit ta wirt 4,041
3 wirt dinji tal 3,950
4 dinji tal unesco 3,793
5 biΔ‹Δ‹a l kbira 3,256

4-grams (Word):

Rank N-gram Count
1 sit ta wirt dinji 3,999
2 wirt dinji tal unesco 3,787
3 ta wirt dinji tal 3,751
4 siti ta wirt dinji 1,925
5 bΔ§ala sit ta wirt 1,675

5-grams (Word):

Rank N-gram Count
1 ta wirt dinji tal unesco 3,590
2 sit ta wirt dinji tal 2,398
3 bΔ§ala sit ta wirt dinji 1,671
4 siti ta wirt dinji tal 1,346
5 tal gΔ§aΕΌla tal unesco il 1,189

2-grams (Subword):

Rank N-gram Count
1 t a 1,047,242
2 a _ 1,023,851
3 l - 940,231
4 _ t 895,636
5 i _ 849,324

3-grams (Subword):

Rank N-gram Count
1 _ t a 674,251
2 t a l 280,698
3 i l - 272,166
4 a l - 270,242
5 l i _ 269,230

4-grams (Subword):

Rank N-gram Count
1 _ t a l 253,253
2 t a l - 248,468
3 t a ' _ 230,227
4 _ t a ' 225,523
5 _ i l - 179,478

5-grams (Subword):

Rank N-gram Count
1 _ t a l - 248,166
2 _ t a ' _ 225,229
3 z z j o n 113,258
4 z j o n i 93,893
5 j o n i _ 81,419

Key Findings

  • Best Perplexity: 2-gram (subword) with 336
  • Entropy Trend: Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
  • Coverage: Top-1000 patterns cover ~23% of corpus
  • Recommendation: 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance

3. Markov Chain Evaluation

Markov Entropy

Markov Contexts

Markov Branching

Results

Context Variant Avg Entropy Perplexity Branching Factor Unique Contexts Predictability
1 Word 0.9877 1.983 8.75 269,738 1.2%
1 Subword 0.9806 1.973 6.28 3,872 1.9%
2 Word 0.3921 1.312 2.17 2,357,628 60.8%
2 Subword 0.8075 1.750 4.95 24,320 19.3%
3 Word 0.1480 1.108 1.29 5,116,125 85.2%
3 Subword 0.7607 1.694 4.18 120,346 23.9%
4 Word 0.0521 πŸ† 1.037 1.08 6,574,732 94.8%
4 Subword 0.6872 1.610 3.21 502,959 31.3%

Generated Text Samples (Word-based)

Below are text samples generated from each word-based Markov chain model:

Context Size 1:

  1. ta fuq allmusic irlandiΕΌi rebΔ§u l ammont totali ta mckenzie referenzi fl aΔ§Δ§ar paΔ‘na Δ‘dida imsejΔ§a
  2. l politika u l art billi jintlaqgΔ§u gΔ§add ta ΕΌjara tar relegazzjoni unuri konsekuttivi mill puntdivi...
  3. tal lava fil muntanji il kumpless tal ikel u franza Δ§olqa tat tmexxija biex toqtol 1

Context Size 2:

  1. u l uffiΔ‹Δ‹ju meteoroloΔ‘iku tar renju unit isbn p 41 l italja u spanja gΔ§andhom wirt greco
  2. li l bniedem jitΔ§ajjar jaqra iΕΌjed ftit sentenzi biss huwa kkalkolat li l laΔ§am kollu baqa fil
  3. l ewwel debutt tiegΔ§u huwa r raΔ§al ingΔ§atat isem matul il kors kollu tat taj mahal harvard

Context Size 3:

  1. ta wirt dinji tal unesco u attwalment tinsab fil Δ‘enb ta triq dom mintoff li jkun mid mediterranean
  2. sit ta wirt dinji tal unesco fl 24 sessjoni tal kumitat tal wirt dinji tal unesco il kriterju
  3. wirt dinji tal unesco u jΔ§addan fih bejn wieΔ§ed u ieΔ§or 100 000 ettaru addizzjonali fl istess sena

Context Size 4:

  1. sit ta wirt dinji ta importanza naturali globali il biΔ‹Δ‹a l kbira ta dawn gΔ§andhom il karatteristiΔ‹i...
  2. wirt dinji tal unesco il valur universali straordinarju tas sit Δ‘ie rrikonoxxut abbaΕΌi ta kriterju w...
  3. ta wirt dinji tal unesco minΔ§abba l poΕΌizzjoni interna tagΔ§ha Γ©vora hija waΔ§da mill iΕΌjed bliet impo...

Generated Text Samples (Subword-based)

Below are text samples generated from each subword-based Markov chain model:

Context Size 1:

  1. _esiua_b'_jaΔ§a,_
  2. ase"ns-vedretape
  3. ivogwgΔ§ad_fi_cr.

Context Size 2:

  1. tal-la_mifonizzjo
  2. a_miopprobid-diet
  3. l-bien_minhom_min

Context Size 3:

  1. _tat-tqarra_Δ‹ent_u
  2. tal-parpecil_")._b
  3. il-gΔ§olja_s-seklud

Context Size 4:

  1. _tal-lingwi_li_arma
  2. tal-kiri_u_gΔ§all-ko
  3. ta'_Δ‘unju_ta'_torri

Key Findings

  • Best Predictability: Context-4 (word) with 94.8% predictability
  • Branching Factor: Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
  • Memory Trade-off: Larger contexts require more storage (502,959 contexts)
  • Recommendation: Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation

4. Vocabulary Analysis

Zipf's Law

Top Words

Coverage Curve

Statistics

Metric Value
Vocabulary Size 126,099
Total Tokens 7,639,629
Mean Frequency 60.58
Median Frequency 4
Frequency Std Dev 1684.27

Most Common Words

Rank Word Frequency
1 ta 269,773
2 l 253,566
3 tal 248,940
4 u 226,218
5 il 198,043
6 li 147,076
7 fil 69,002
8 f 59,879
9 mill 52,554
10 minn 46,510

Least Common Words (from vocabulary)

Rank Word Frequency
1 deliberately 2
2 plantations 2
3 tied 2
4 upwards 2
5 interred 2
6 glyph 2
7 coated 2
8 wrdc 2
9 vgh 2
10 kamila 2

Zipf's Law Analysis

Metric Value
Zipf Coefficient 1.0760
RΒ² (Goodness of Fit) 0.994751
Adherence Quality excellent

Coverage Analysis

Top N Words Coverage
Top 100 38.9%
Top 1,000 64.3%
Top 5,000 81.5%
Top 10,000 87.6%

Key Findings

  • Zipf Compliance: RΒ²=0.9948 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
  • High Frequency Dominance: Top 100 words cover 38.9% of corpus
  • Long Tail: 116,099 words needed for remaining 12.4% coverage

5. Word Embeddings Evaluation

Embedding Isotropy

Similarity Matrix

t-SNE Words

t-SNE Sentences

5.1 Cross-Lingual Alignment

Alignment Quality

Multilingual t-SNE

5.2 Model Comparison

Model Dimension Isotropy Semantic Density Alignment R@1 Alignment R@10
mono_32d 32 0.8419 πŸ† 0.3444 N/A N/A
mono_64d 64 0.7823 0.2641 N/A N/A
mono_128d 128 0.7758 0.1839 N/A N/A
aligned_32d 32 0.8419 0.3430 0.2100 0.5540
aligned_64d 64 0.7823 0.2631 0.3120 0.6740
aligned_128d 128 0.7758 0.1776 0.3460 0.7300

Key Findings

  • Best Isotropy: mono_32d with 0.8419 (more uniform distribution)
  • Semantic Density: Average pairwise similarity of 0.2627. Lower values indicate better semantic separation.
  • Alignment Quality: Aligned models achieve up to 34.6% R@1 in cross-lingual retrieval.
  • Recommendation: 128d aligned for best cross-lingual performance

6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)

This section presents an automated morphological analysis derived from the statistical divergence between word-level and subword-level models. By analyzing where subword predictability spikes and where word-level coverage fails, we can infer linguistic structures without supervised data.

6.1 Productivity & Complexity

Metric Value Interpretation Recommendation
Productivity Index 5.000 High morphological productivity Reliable analysis
Idiomaticity Gap -0.191 Low formulaic content -

6.2 Affix Inventory (Productive Units)

These are the most productive prefixes and suffixes identified by sampling the vocabulary for global substitutability patterns. A unit is considered an affix if stripping it leaves a valid stem that appears in other contexts.

Productive Prefixes

Prefix Examples
-s sottoΔ‘eneri, sneijder, silobate
-a accessed, asiana, artΓ­stica
-m maranci, mga, millstream
-t tavira, taljanizzat, tsuga
-ma maranci, maximilians, mauk
-b bivio, brusino, boundary
-k kumgang, kategorizzati, kordofan
-p puritana, portas, pika

Productive Suffixes

Suffix Examples
-a intensifika, tavira, mga
-i maranci, Δ‘enoΕΌi, sottoΔ‘eneri
-s willans, vliers, chords
-t taljanizzat, demgΔ§at, akwedott
-e genere, grosse, silobate
-n geneugden, merian, alison
-u jwessgΔ§u, ahau, jintemmu
-ti hiradoraggruppamenti, kategorizzati, osservanti

6.3 Bound Stems (Lexical Roots)

Bound stems are high-frequency subword units that are semantically cohesive but rarely appear as standalone words. These often correspond to the 'core' of a word that requires inflection or derivation to be valid.

Stem Cohesion Substitutability Examples
iegΔ§ 1.99x 101 contexts siegΔ§, biegΔ§, qiegΔ§
niji 2.52x 28 contexts anijima, garniji, unijiet
ijie 2.11x 43 contexts ijiem, hijiex, zijiet
enti 1.57x 154 contexts menti, venti, renti
ment 1.64x 111 contexts menti, lment, mento
azzj 1.97x 47 contexts grazzji, nazzjon, spazzju
nali 1.98x 43 contexts renali, kanali, penali
enet 1.92x 42 contexts zenet, tenet, genet
zjon 1.95x 39 contexts zjoni, unzjoni, porzjon
onij 2.66x 12 contexts ironija, tonijiet, baronija
atur 1.57x 73 contexts matur, natur, batur
rali 1.79x 38 contexts ralik, orali, urali

6.4 Affix Compatibility (Co-occurrence)

This table shows which prefixes and suffixes most frequently co-occur on the same stems, revealing the 'stacking' rules of the language's morphology.

Prefix Suffix Frequency Examples
-i -a 116 words istadtamhofΔ§olqa, ikkonΔ‹entrata
-m -a 109 words massalia, mgeΕΌwra
-i -i 97 words ikkunsmati, informattivi
-p -a 97 words pema, pea
-t -a 94 words titicaca, traviata
-s -i 91 words sansoni, sjesti
-k -i 91 words kardjovaskulari, kondutturi
-p -i 89 words pohnpei, pendenti
-k -a 83 words kbarΔ§olqa, karozzerija
-a -a 78 words agenda, akuta

6.5 Recursive Morpheme Segmentation

Using Recursive Hierarchical Substitutability, we decompose complex words into their constituent morphemes. This approach handles nested affixes (e.g., prefix-prefix-root-suffix).

Word Suggested Split Confidence Stem
probsthain probsth-a-in 7.5 a
drammatiku dramma-ti-ku 7.5 ti
ppressata ppress-a-ta 7.5 a
kristianstad kristians-ta-d 7.5 ta
koumenalis koumen-al-is 7.5 al
humanities humani-ti-es 7.5 ti
bniedemΔ§olqa bniedemΔ§o-l-qa 7.5 l
walpurgis walpurg-i-s 7.5 i
xewwikija xewwik-i-ja 7.5 i
tropiklai tropikl-a-i 7.5 a
urbanisation urbanisa-ti-on 7.5 ti
conflicts conflic-t-s 7.5 t
cantharus canth-ar-us 7.5 ar
aristotli aristo-t-li 7.5 t
widstrand widstra-n-d 7.5 n

6.6 Linguistic Interpretation

Automated Insight: The language Maltese shows high morphological productivity. The subword models are significantly more efficient than word models, suggesting a rich system of affixation or compounding.


7. Summary & Recommendations

Performance Dashboard

Production Recommendations

Component Recommended Rationale
Tokenizer 64k BPE Best compression (4.09x)
N-gram 2-gram Lowest perplexity (336)
Markov Context-4 Highest predictability (94.8%)
Embeddings 100d Balanced semantic capture and isotropy

Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide

This section provides definitions, intuitions, and guidance for interpreting the metrics used throughout this report.

Tokenizer Metrics

Compression Ratio

Definition: The ratio of characters to tokens (chars/token). Measures how efficiently the tokenizer represents text.

Intuition: Higher compression means fewer tokens needed to represent the same text, reducing sequence lengths for downstream models. A 3x compression means ~3 characters per token on average.

What to seek: Higher is generally better for efficiency, but extremely high compression may indicate overly aggressive merging that loses morphological information.

Average Token Length (Fertility)

Definition: Mean number of characters per token produced by the tokenizer.

Intuition: Reflects the granularity of tokenization. Longer tokens capture more context but may struggle with rare words; shorter tokens are more flexible but increase sequence length.

What to seek: Balance between 2-5 characters for most languages. Arabic/morphologically-rich languages may benefit from slightly longer tokens.

Unknown Token Rate (OOV Rate)

Definition: Percentage of tokens that map to the unknown/UNK token, indicating words the tokenizer cannot represent.

Intuition: Lower OOV means better vocabulary coverage. High OOV indicates the tokenizer encounters many unseen character sequences.

What to seek: Below 1% is excellent; below 5% is acceptable. BPE tokenizers typically achieve very low OOV due to subword fallback.

N-gram Model Metrics

Perplexity

Definition: Measures how "surprised" the model is by test data. Mathematically: 2^(cross-entropy). Lower values indicate better prediction.

Intuition: If perplexity is 100, the model is as uncertain as if choosing uniformly among 100 options at each step. A perplexity of 10 means effectively choosing among 10 equally likely options.

What to seek: Lower is better. Perplexity decreases with larger n-grams (more context). Values vary widely by language and corpus size.

Entropy

Definition: Average information content (in bits) needed to encode the next token given the context. Related to perplexity: perplexity = 2^entropy.

Intuition: High entropy means high uncertainty/randomness; low entropy means predictable patterns. Natural language typically has entropy between 1-4 bits per character.

What to seek: Lower entropy indicates more predictable text patterns. Entropy should decrease as n-gram size increases.

Coverage (Top-K)

Definition: Percentage of corpus occurrences explained by the top K most frequent n-grams.

Intuition: High coverage with few patterns indicates repetitive/formulaic text; low coverage suggests diverse vocabulary usage.

What to seek: Depends on use case. For language modeling, moderate coverage (40-60% with top-1000) is typical for natural text.

Markov Chain Metrics

Average Entropy

Definition: Mean entropy across all contexts, measuring average uncertainty in next-word prediction.

Intuition: Lower entropy means the model is more confident about what comes next. Context-1 has high entropy (many possible next words); Context-4 has low entropy (few likely continuations).

What to seek: Decreasing entropy with larger context sizes. Very low entropy (<0.1) indicates highly deterministic transitions.

Branching Factor

Definition: Average number of unique next tokens observed for each context.

Intuition: High branching = many possible continuations (flexible but uncertain); low branching = few options (predictable but potentially repetitive).

What to seek: Branching factor should decrease with context size. Values near 1.0 indicate nearly deterministic chains.

Predictability

Definition: Derived metric: (1 - normalized_entropy) Γ— 100%. Indicates how deterministic the model's predictions are.

Intuition: 100% predictability means the next word is always certain; 0% means completely random. Real text falls between these extremes.

What to seek: Higher predictability for text generation quality, but too high (>98%) may produce repetitive output.

Vocabulary & Zipf's Law Metrics

Zipf's Coefficient

Definition: The slope of the log-log plot of word frequency vs. rank. Zipf's law predicts this should be approximately -1.

Intuition: A coefficient near -1 indicates the corpus follows natural language patterns where a few words are very common and most words are rare.

What to seek: Values between -0.8 and -1.2 indicate healthy natural language distribution. Deviations may suggest domain-specific or artificial text.

RΒ² (Coefficient of Determination)

Definition: Measures how well the linear fit explains the frequency-rank relationship. Ranges from 0 to 1.

Intuition: RΒ² near 1.0 means the data closely follows Zipf's law; lower values indicate deviation from expected word frequency patterns.

What to seek: RΒ² > 0.95 is excellent; > 0.99 indicates near-perfect Zipf adherence typical of large natural corpora.

Vocabulary Coverage

Definition: Cumulative percentage of corpus tokens accounted for by the top N words.

Intuition: Shows how concentrated word usage is. If top-100 words cover 50% of text, the corpus relies heavily on common words.

What to seek: Top-100 covering 30-50% is typical. Higher coverage indicates more repetitive text; lower suggests richer vocabulary.

Word Embedding Metrics

Isotropy

Definition: Measures how uniformly distributed vectors are in the embedding space. Computed as the ratio of minimum to maximum singular values.

Intuition: High isotropy (near 1.0) means vectors spread evenly in all directions; low isotropy means vectors cluster in certain directions, reducing expressiveness.

What to seek: Higher isotropy generally indicates better-quality embeddings. Values > 0.1 are reasonable; > 0.3 is good. Lower-dimensional embeddings tend to have higher isotropy.

Average Norm

Definition: Mean magnitude (L2 norm) of word vectors in the embedding space.

Intuition: Indicates the typical "length" of vectors. Consistent norms suggest stable training; high variance may indicate some words are undertrained.

What to seek: Relatively consistent norms across models. The absolute value matters less than consistency (low std deviation).

Cosine Similarity

Definition: Measures angular similarity between vectors, ranging from -1 (opposite) to 1 (identical direction).

Intuition: Words with similar meanings should have high cosine similarity. This is the standard metric for semantic relatedness in embeddings.

What to seek: Semantically related words should score > 0.5; unrelated words should be near 0. Synonyms often score > 0.7.

t-SNE Visualization

Definition: t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding - a dimensionality reduction technique that preserves local structure for visualization.

Intuition: Clusters in t-SNE plots indicate groups of semantically related words. Spread indicates vocabulary diversity; tight clusters suggest semantic coherence.

What to seek: Meaningful clusters (e.g., numbers together, verbs together). Avoid over-interpreting distances - t-SNE preserves local, not global, structure.

General Interpretation Guidelines

  1. Compare within model families: Metrics are most meaningful when comparing models of the same type (e.g., 8k vs 64k tokenizer).
  2. Consider trade-offs: Better performance on one metric often comes at the cost of another (e.g., compression vs. OOV rate).
  3. Context matters: Optimal values depend on downstream tasks. Text generation may prioritize different metrics than classification.
  4. Corpus influence: All metrics are influenced by corpus characteristics. Wikipedia text differs from social media or literature.
  5. Language-specific patterns: Morphologically rich languages (like Arabic) may show different optimal ranges than analytic languages.

Visualizations Index

Visualization Description
Tokenizer Compression Compression ratios by vocabulary size
Tokenizer Fertility Average token length by vocabulary
Tokenizer OOV Unknown token rates
Tokenizer Total Tokens Total tokens by vocabulary
N-gram Perplexity Perplexity by n-gram size
N-gram Entropy Entropy by n-gram size
N-gram Coverage Top pattern coverage
N-gram Unique Unique n-gram counts
Markov Entropy Entropy by context size
Markov Branching Branching factor by context
Markov Contexts Unique context counts
Zipf's Law Frequency-rank distribution with fit
Vocab Frequency Word frequency distribution
Top 20 Words Most frequent words
Vocab Coverage Cumulative coverage curve
Embedding Isotropy Vector space uniformity
Embedding Norms Vector magnitude distribution
Embedding Similarity Word similarity heatmap
Nearest Neighbors Similar words for key terms
t-SNE Words 2D word embedding visualization
t-SNE Sentences 2D sentence embedding visualization
Position Encoding Encoding method comparison
Model Sizes Storage requirements
Performance Dashboard Comprehensive performance overview

About This Project

Data Source

Models trained on wikipedia-monthly - a monthly snapshot of Wikipedia articles across 300+ languages.

Project

A project by Wikilangs - Open-source NLP models for every Wikipedia language.

Maintainer

Omar Kamali - Omneity Labs

Citation

If you use these models in your research, please cite:

@misc{wikilangs2025,
  author = {Kamali, Omar},
  title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.18073153},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
  institution = {Omneity Labs}
}

License

MIT License - Free for academic and commercial use.

Links


Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline

Report Date: 2026-01-10 13:37:56

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