Update model card metadata and add library info for OneVL
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by nielsr HF Staff - opened
README.md
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- autonomous-driving
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- vision-language-action
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- chain-of-thought
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- trajectory-prediction
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- VLA
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base_model:
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- Qwen/Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct
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pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text
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---
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# OneVL: One-Step Latent Reasoning and Planning with Vision-Language Explanation
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**[📄 Paper (arXiv)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18486)** | **[💻 GitHub](https://github.com/xiaomi-research/onevl)** | **[🌐 Project Page](https://Xiaomi-Embodied-Intelligence.github.io/OneVL/)**
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---
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## Overview
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**OneVL** is a Vision-Language-Action (VLA) framework for autonomous driving that achieves **state-of-the-art trajectory prediction accuracy** while matching the inference latency of answer-only autoregressive models.
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Prior latent Chain-of-Thought (CoT) methods compress reasoning into opaque hidden states — fast, but consistently underperform explicit CoT on driving tasks. OneVL identifies the root cause: purely linguistic latents encode abstract semantic labels rather than the spatiotemporal causal dynamics that govern real driving scenes. OneVL addresses this with **dual-modal auxiliary decoders** that force compact latent tokens to encode both human-readable reasoning *and* future scene dynamics simultaneously.
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At inference, both decoders are discarded and all latents are **prefilled** into the prompt context in a single parallel pass — matching answer-only AR prediction speed while recovering the interpretability of explicit CoT in both vision and language.
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OneVL is the **first latent CoT method to surpass explicit autoregressive CoT** across all four driving benchmarks.
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---
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## Architecture
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OneVL augments **Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct** with
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**Latent Token Interface** — 4 visual latent tokens + 2 language latent tokens are inserted in the assistant response before the answer, using existing vocabulary tokens (no new special tokens added).
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**Visual Auxiliary Decoder** — Predicts future-frame visual tokens at t+0.5s and t+1.0s from visual latent hidden states (using the Emu3.5 IBQ 131k codebook). Acts as a **world model** supervision signal that forces the latent space to encode genuine physical scene dynamics — agent trajectories, road geometry, and environmental change — rather than abstract descriptions.
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**Language Auxiliary Decoder** — Reconstructs explicit CoT reasoning text from language latent hidden states, conditioned on ViT visual features. Recovers 97% of explicit CoT text quality while running at answer-only speed.
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Training proceeds in three stages to ensure stable joint optimization:
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- **Stage 0**: Main model warmup (trajectory prediction)
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- **Stage 1**: Auxiliary decoder warmup (language + visual decoders independently)
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- **Stage 2**: Joint end-to-end fine-tuning (all components together)
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Staged training is essential — ablation shows that skipping it collapses PDM-score from 88.84 to 67.13.
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---
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## Results
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| Method | Model Size | PDM-score ↑ | Latency (s) ↓ | Interpretability |
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|---|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
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| AR Answer | 4B | 87.47 | 4.49 | — |
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| AR CoT+Answer | 4B | 88.29 | 6.58 | Language |
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| COCONUT | 4B | 84.84 | 5.93 | — |
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| CODI | 4B | 83.92 | 8.62 | — |
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| SIM-CoT | 4B | 84.21 | 10.86 | Language |
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| **OneVL** | **4B** | **88.84** | **4.46** | **Vision + Language** |
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### ROADWork
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| Method | ADE (px) ↓ | FDE (px) ↓ | Latency (s) ↓ |
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|---|:---:|:---:|:---:|
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| AR CoT+Answer | 13.18 | 29.98 | 10.74 |
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| **OneVL** | **12.49** | **28.80** | **4.71** |
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### Impromptu
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| Method | ADE (m) ↓ | FDE (m) ↓ | Latency (s) ↓ |
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| AR CoT+Answer | 1.42 | 3.96 | 6.84 |
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| **OneVL** | **1.34** | **3.70** | **4.02** |
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### APR1 (Alpamayo-R1)
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| Method | ADE (m) ↓ | FDE (m) ↓ | Latency (s) ↓ |
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| AR CoT+Answer | 2.99 | 8.54 | 3.51 |
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| **OneVL** | **2.62** | 7.53 | **3.26** |
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### CoT Text Quality (NAVSIM)
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| Method | Meta Action Acc. ↑ | STS Score ↑ | LLM Judge ↑ | Latency (s) ↓ |
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| AR CoT+Answer | 73.20 | 79.75 | 81.86 | 6.58 |
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| **OneVL** | 71.00 | 78.26 | 79.13 | **4.46** |
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OneVL's language auxiliary decoder recovers 97% of explicit CoT quality at answer-only inference speed.
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---
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## Usage
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### Requirements
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- Python 3.10+, CUDA GPU (≥16 GB VRAM recommended)
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- `transformers >= 4.57.0` (required for `Qwen3VLForConditionalGeneration`)
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```bash
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uv venv venv/onevl --python 3.12
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source venv/onevl/bin/activate
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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```
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### Inference (Trajectory Prediction Only)
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```bash
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python infer_onevl.py \
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--model_path /path/to/OneVL-checkpoint \
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```
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### Inference with Language + Visual Explanation
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```bash
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python infer_onevl.py \
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--model_path /path/to/OneVL-checkpoint \
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--c_thought_visual 4 --max_visual_tokens 2560
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```
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### Multi-GPU Inference
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```bash
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export MODEL_PATH=/path/to/OneVL-checkpoint
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export TEST_SET_PATH=test_data/navsim_test.json
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export OUTPUT_PATH=output/navsim/navsim_results.json
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bash run_infer.sh
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```
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Per-benchmark scripts are available in `scripts/`:
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```bash
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bash scripts/infer_navsim.sh
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bash scripts/infer_ar1.sh
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bash scripts/infer_roadwork.sh
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bash scripts/infer_impromptu.sh
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```
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For full documentation, evaluation scripts, and data format details, see the [GitHub repository](https://github.com/xiaomi-research/onevl).
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## Open-Source Status
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| Component | Status |
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| Technical Report | ✅ Released |
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| Model Weights | ✅ Released |
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| Inference Code | ✅ Released |
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| Training Code | 🔜 Coming Soon |
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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}
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```
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## License
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Released under the [Apache 2.0 License](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
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Model weights are built on [Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct) and the visual tokenizer is from [Emu3.5-VisionTokenizer](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/Emu3.5-VisionTokenizer); please refer to their respective licenses as well.
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---
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base_model:
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- Qwen/Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct
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language:
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- en
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license: apache-2.0
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pipeline_tag: image-to-image
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library_name: transformers
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tags:
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- autonomous-driving
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- vision-language-action
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- chain-of-thought
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- trajectory-prediction
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- VLA
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---
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# OneVL: One-Step Latent Reasoning and Planning with Vision-Language Explanation
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**[📄 Paper (arXiv)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18486)** | **[💻 GitHub](https://github.com/xiaomi-research/onevl)** | **[🌐 Project Page](https://Xiaomi-Embodied-Intelligence.github.io/OneVL/)**
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OneVL is a Vision-Language-Action (VLA) framework for autonomous driving that achieves state-of-the-art trajectory prediction accuracy while matching the inference latency of answer-only autoregressive models.
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## Overview
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Prior latent Chain-of-Thought (CoT) methods compress reasoning into opaque hidden states — fast, but consistently underperform explicit CoT on driving tasks. OneVL identifies the root cause: purely linguistic latents encode abstract semantic labels rather than the spatiotemporal causal dynamics that govern real driving scenes. OneVL addresses this with **dual-modal auxiliary decoders** that force compact latent tokens to encode both human-readable reasoning *and* future scene dynamics simultaneously.
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At inference, both decoders are discarded and all latents are **prefilled** into the prompt context in a single parallel pass — matching answer-only AR prediction speed while recovering the interpretability of explicit CoT in both vision and language.
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## Architecture
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OneVL augments **Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct** with:
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- **Latent Token Interface**: 4 visual latent tokens + 2 language latent tokens inserted in the assistant response before the answer.
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- **Visual Auxiliary Decoder**: Predicts future-frame visual tokens at t+0.5s and t+1.0s from visual latent hidden states (using the Emu3.5 IBQ codebook), acting as a world model.
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- **Language Auxiliary Decoder**: Reconstructs explicit CoT reasoning text from language latent hidden states.
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- **Prefill Inference**: Both decoders are discarded at inference; latent tokens are processed in one parallel pass with only the trajectory generated autoregressively.
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## Results
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OneVL is the first latent CoT method to surpass explicit autoregressive CoT across major driving benchmarks.
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### NAVSIM
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| Method | Model Size | PDM-score ↑ | Latency (s) ↓ | Interpretability |
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|---|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
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| AR CoT+Answer | 4B | 88.29 | 6.58 | Language |
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| **OneVL** | **4B** | **88.84** | **4.46** | **Vision + Language** |
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### ROADWork
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| Method | ADE (px) ↓ | FDE (px) ↓ | Latency (s) ↓ |
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|---|:---:|:---:|:---:|
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| AR CoT+Answer | 13.18 | 29.98 | 10.74 |
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| **OneVL** | **12.49** | **28.80** | **4.71** |
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## Usage
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### Requirements
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- `transformers >= 4.57.0` (required for `Qwen3VLForConditionalGeneration`)
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### Inference (Trajectory Prediction Only)
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```bash
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python infer_onevl.py \
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--model_path /path/to/OneVL-checkpoint \
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```
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### Inference with Language + Visual Explanation
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```bash
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python infer_onevl.py \
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--model_path /path/to/OneVL-checkpoint \
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--c_thought_visual 4 --max_visual_tokens 2560
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```
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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}
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```
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## License
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Released under the [Apache 2.0 License](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
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+
Model weights are built on [Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct) and the visual tokenizer is from [Emu3.5-VisionTokenizer](https://huggingface.co/BAAI/Emu3.5-VisionTokenizer).
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