| --- |
| tags: |
| - sentence-transformers |
| - sentence-similarity |
| - feature-extraction |
| - generated_from_trainer |
| - dataset_size:16000 |
| - loss:CoSENTLoss |
| base_model: abdeljalilELmajjodi/model |
| widget: |
| - source_sentence: A man and woman are walking in a restaurant that has signs in Chinese. |
| sentences: |
| - A newlywed couple is walking through a Chinese restaurant. |
| - The woman is sitting on the ground. |
| - they are playing basketball |
| - source_sentence: Several Asian cooks in a kitchen wearing white Dress Shirts. |
| sentences: |
| - A group of women carry woven baskets and large red rugs as they walk down a street. |
| - A group of people is observing aquatic life. |
| - Severl cooks are in a kitchen. |
| - source_sentence: An Asian fish market with fish being cut up for sale. |
| sentences: |
| - A man in a blue and white shirt buys fish. |
| - Fish are being sold. |
| - The only amish person to own a cellphone. |
| - source_sentence: An Asian man pushing a wheelchair. |
| sentences: |
| - A surfer is in the water. |
| - There are at least four people. |
| - A girl sitting in a wheelchair waiting for a friend. |
| - source_sentence: Seven people are wading in a natural pool. |
| sentences: |
| - there were five people |
| - A man is standing alone. |
| - The man is riding a unicycle. |
| pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity |
| library_name: sentence-transformers |
| metrics: |
| - pearson_cosine |
| - spearman_cosine |
| model-index: |
| - name: SentenceTransformer based on abdeljalilELmajjodi/model |
| results: |
| - task: |
| type: semantic-similarity |
| name: Semantic Similarity |
| dataset: |
| name: pair score evaluator dev |
| type: pair-score-evaluator-dev |
| metrics: |
| - type: pearson_cosine |
| value: 0.6451319585193018 |
| name: Pearson Cosine |
| - type: spearman_cosine |
| value: 0.6628169159235177 |
| name: Spearman Cosine |
| --- |
| |
| # SentenceTransformer based on abdeljalilELmajjodi/model |
|
|
| This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [abdeljalilELmajjodi/model](https://huggingface.co/abdeljalilELmajjodi/model) on the all-nli dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for retrieval. |
|
|
| ## Model Details |
|
|
| ### Model Description |
| - **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer |
| - **Base model:** [abdeljalilELmajjodi/model](https://huggingface.co/abdeljalilELmajjodi/model) <!-- at revision 284169e2c18b482372374a251b8dc1e1756416de --> |
| - **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens |
| - **Output Dimensionality:** 1024 dimensions |
| - **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity |
| - **Supported Modality:** Text |
| - **Training Dataset:** |
| - all-nli |
| <!-- - **Language:** Unknown --> |
| <!-- - **License:** Unknown --> |
|
|
| ### Model Sources |
|
|
| - **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net) |
| - **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/huggingface/sentence-transformers) |
| - **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers) |
|
|
| ### Full Model Architecture |
|
|
| ``` |
| SentenceTransformer( |
| (0): Transformer({'transformer_task': 'feature-extraction', 'modality_config': {'text': {'method': 'forward', 'method_output_name': 'last_hidden_state'}}, 'module_output_name': 'token_embeddings', 'architecture': 'XLMRobertaModel'}) |
| (1): Pooling({'embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode': 'mean', 'include_prompt': True}) |
| ) |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Usage |
|
|
| ### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers) |
|
|
| First install the Sentence Transformers library: |
|
|
| ```bash |
| pip install -U sentence-transformers |
| ``` |
| Then you can load this model and run inference. |
| ```python |
| from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer |
| |
| # Download from the 🤗 Hub |
| model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id") |
| # Run inference |
| sentences = [ |
| 'Seven people are wading in a natural pool.', |
| 'there were five people', |
| 'The man is riding a unicycle.', |
| ] |
| embeddings = model.encode(sentences) |
| print(embeddings.shape) |
| # [3, 1024] |
| |
| # Get the similarity scores for the embeddings |
| similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings) |
| print(similarities) |
| # tensor([[1.0000, 0.7814, 0.6510], |
| # [0.7814, 1.0000, 0.7047], |
| # [0.6510, 0.7047, 1.0000]]) |
| ``` |
| <!-- |
| ### Direct Usage (Transformers) |
|
|
| <details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary> |
|
|
| </details> |
| --> |
|
|
| <!-- |
| ### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers) |
|
|
| You can finetune this model on your own dataset. |
|
|
| <details><summary>Click to expand</summary> |
|
|
| </details> |
| --> |
|
|
| <!-- |
| ### Out-of-Scope Use |
|
|
| *List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.* |
| --> |
|
|
| ## Evaluation |
|
|
| ### Metrics |
|
|
| #### Semantic Similarity |
|
|
| * Dataset: `pair-score-evaluator-dev` |
| * Evaluated with [<code>EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.sentence_transformer.evaluation.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator) |
|
|
| | Metric | Value | |
| |:--------------------|:-----------| |
| | pearson_cosine | 0.6451 | |
| | **spearman_cosine** | **0.6628** | |
| |
| <!-- |
| ## Bias, Risks and Limitations |
| |
| *What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.* |
| --> |
| |
| <!-- |
| ### Recommendations |
| |
| *What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.* |
| --> |
| |
| ## Training Details |
| |
| ### Training Dataset |
| |
| #### all-nli |
| |
| * Dataset: all-nli |
| * Size: 16,000 training samples |
| * Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>sentence2</code>, and <code>score</code> |
| * Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: |
| | | sentence1 | sentence2 | score | |
| |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------| |
| | type | string | string | float | |
| | details | <ul><li>min: 7 tokens</li><li>mean: 18.91 tokens</li><li>max: 66 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 11.42 tokens</li><li>max: 36 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 0.0</li><li>mean: 0.53</li><li>max: 1.0</li></ul> | |
| * Samples: |
| | sentence1 | sentence2 | score | |
| |:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------| |
| | <code>A man in a white shirt is on a rooftop lifting a board.</code> | <code>A man has a white shirt.</code> | <code>1.0</code> | |
| | <code>Two men in shorts and sandals are carrying food and drinks at a farmers market.</code> | <code>Men shopping their local market.</code> | <code>1.0</code> | |
| | <code>A woman with her head down is in a very run down area.</code> | <code>the man in a suit talks on his cellphone</code> | <code>0.0</code> | |
| * Loss: [<code>CoSENTLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosentloss) with these parameters: |
| ```json |
| { |
| "scale": 20.0, |
| "similarity_fct": "pairwise_cos_sim" |
| } |
| ``` |
| |
| ### Evaluation Dataset |
| |
| #### all-nli |
| |
| * Dataset: all-nli |
| * Size: 4,000 evaluation samples |
| * Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>sentence2</code>, and <code>score</code> |
| * Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: |
| | | sentence1 | sentence2 | score | |
| |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------| |
| | type | string | string | float | |
| | details | <ul><li>min: 7 tokens</li><li>mean: 19.28 tokens</li><li>max: 70 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 5 tokens</li><li>mean: 11.46 tokens</li><li>max: 46 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 0.0</li><li>mean: 0.49</li><li>max: 1.0</li></ul> | |
| * Samples: |
| | sentence1 | sentence2 | score | |
| |:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------| |
| | <code>A person dressed in natural clothing taking their picture in a mirror.</code> | <code>the person is nude at the bay</code> | <code>0.0</code> | |
| | <code>A basketball team of 8 girls is doing a hand huddle.</code> | <code>An all girls basketball team gets ready to start a game.</code> | <code>1.0</code> | |
| | <code>A person in a tan and blue sweater hanging clothes on a clothesline outside the window of her building.</code> | <code>There are no clothes.</code> | <code>0.0</code> | |
| * Loss: [<code>CoSENTLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosentloss) with these parameters: |
| ```json |
| { |
| "scale": 20.0, |
| "similarity_fct": "pairwise_cos_sim" |
| } |
| ``` |
| |
| ### Training Hyperparameters |
| #### Non-Default Hyperparameters |
|
|
| - `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16 |
| - `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 4 |
| - `learning_rate`: 2e-05 |
| - `num_train_epochs`: 4 |
| - `warmup_steps`: 0.05 |
| - `bf16`: True |
| - `bf16_full_eval`: True |
| - `dataloader_num_workers`: 4 |
| - `load_best_model_at_end`: True |
| - `push_to_hub`: True |
| - `gradient_checkpointing`: True |
|
|
| #### All Hyperparameters |
| <details><summary>Click to expand</summary> |
|
|
| - `do_predict`: False |
| - `prediction_loss_only`: True |
| - `per_device_train_batch_size`: 8 |
| - `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16 |
| - `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 4 |
| - `eval_accumulation_steps`: None |
| - `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None |
| - `learning_rate`: 2e-05 |
| - `weight_decay`: 0.0 |
| - `adam_beta1`: 0.9 |
| - `adam_beta2`: 0.999 |
| - `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08 |
| - `max_grad_norm`: 1.0 |
| - `num_train_epochs`: 4 |
| - `max_steps`: -1 |
| - `lr_scheduler_type`: linear |
| - `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: None |
| - `warmup_ratio`: None |
| - `warmup_steps`: 0.05 |
| - `log_level`: passive |
| - `log_level_replica`: warning |
| - `log_on_each_node`: True |
| - `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True |
| - `enable_jit_checkpoint`: False |
| - `save_on_each_node`: False |
| - `save_only_model`: False |
| - `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False |
| - `use_cpu`: False |
| - `seed`: 42 |
| - `data_seed`: None |
| - `bf16`: True |
| - `fp16`: False |
| - `bf16_full_eval`: True |
| - `fp16_full_eval`: False |
| - `tf32`: None |
| - `local_rank`: -1 |
| - `ddp_backend`: None |
| - `debug`: [] |
| - `dataloader_drop_last`: False |
| - `dataloader_num_workers`: 4 |
| - `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None |
| - `disable_tqdm`: False |
| - `remove_unused_columns`: True |
| - `label_names`: None |
| - `load_best_model_at_end`: True |
| - `ignore_data_skip`: False |
| - `fsdp`: [] |
| - `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False} |
| - `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None} |
| - `parallelism_config`: None |
| - `deepspeed`: None |
| - `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0 |
| - `optim`: adamw_torch_fused |
| - `optim_args`: None |
| - `group_by_length`: False |
| - `length_column_name`: length |
| - `project`: huggingface |
| - `trackio_space_id`: trackio |
| - `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None |
| - `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None |
| - `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False |
| - `dataloader_pin_memory`: True |
| - `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False |
| - `skip_memory_metrics`: True |
| - `push_to_hub`: True |
| - `resume_from_checkpoint`: None |
| - `hub_model_id`: None |
| - `hub_strategy`: every_save |
| - `hub_private_repo`: None |
| - `hub_always_push`: False |
| - `hub_revision`: None |
| - `gradient_checkpointing`: True |
| - `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None |
| - `include_for_metrics`: [] |
| - `eval_do_concat_batches`: True |
| - `auto_find_batch_size`: False |
| - `full_determinism`: False |
| - `ddp_timeout`: 1800 |
| - `torch_compile`: False |
| - `torch_compile_backend`: None |
| - `torch_compile_mode`: None |
| - `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: no |
| - `neftune_noise_alpha`: None |
| - `optim_target_modules`: None |
| - `batch_eval_metrics`: False |
| - `eval_on_start`: False |
| - `use_liger_kernel`: False |
| - `liger_kernel_config`: None |
| - `eval_use_gather_object`: False |
| - `average_tokens_across_devices`: True |
| - `use_cache`: False |
| - `prompts`: None |
| - `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler |
| - `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional |
| - `router_mapping`: {} |
| - `learning_rate_mapping`: {} |
|
|
| </details> |
|
|
| ### Training Logs |
| | Epoch | Step | Training Loss | Validation Loss | pair-score-evaluator-dev_spearman_cosine | |
| |:-------:|:--------:|:-------------:|:---------------:|:----------------------------------------:| |
| | -1 | -1 | - | - | 0.1511 | |
| | 0.002 | 1 | 3.0124 | - | - | |
| | 0.4 | 200 | 2.8949 | - | - | |
| | 0.8 | 400 | 2.7600 | - | - | |
| | 1.2 | 600 | 2.6245 | - | - | |
| | 1.6 | 800 | 2.5053 | - | - | |
| | 2.0 | 1000 | 2.4926 | - | - | |
| | 2.4 | 1200 | 2.2290 | - | - | |
| | 2.8 | 1400 | 2.1972 | - | - | |
| | 3.2 | 1600 | 2.0796 | - | - | |
| | 3.6 | 1800 | 1.9814 | - | - | |
| | **4.0** | **2000** | **1.9559** | **4.461** | **0.6628** | |
| | -1 | -1 | - | - | 0.6628 | |
|
|
| * The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint. |
|
|
| ### Training Time |
| - **Training**: 1.6 hours |
|
|
| ### Framework Versions |
| - Python: 3.12.13 |
| - Sentence Transformers: 5.4.1 |
| - Transformers: 5.0.0 |
| - PyTorch: 2.10.0+cu128 |
| - Accelerate: 1.13.0 |
| - Datasets: 4.8.5 |
| - Tokenizers: 0.22.2 |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| ### BibTeX |
|
|
| #### Sentence Transformers |
| ```bibtex |
| @inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert, |
| title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks", |
| author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna", |
| booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", |
| month = "11", |
| year = "2019", |
| publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", |
| url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084", |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| #### CoSENTLoss |
| ```bibtex |
| @article{10531646, |
| author={Huang, Xiang and Peng, Hao and Zou, Dongcheng and Liu, Zhiwei and Li, Jianxin and Liu, Kay and Wu, Jia and Su, Jianlin and Yu, Philip S.}, |
| journal={IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing}, |
| title={CoSENT: Consistent Sentence Embedding via Similarity Ranking}, |
| year={2024}, |
| doi={10.1109/TASLP.2024.3402087} |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| <!-- |
| ## Glossary |
|
|
| *Clearly define terms in order to be accessible across audiences.* |
| --> |
|
|
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| ## Model Card Authors |
|
|
| *Lists the people who create the model card, providing recognition and accountability for the detailed work that goes into its construction.* |
| --> |
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| ## Model Card Contact |
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| *Provides a way for people who have updates to the Model Card, suggestions, or questions, to contact the Model Card authors.* |
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