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Add new SentenceTransformer model
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metadata
language:
  - en
tags:
  - sentence-transformers
  - sentence-similarity
  - feature-extraction
  - dense
  - generated_from_trainer
  - dataset_size:81516
  - loss:DenoisingAutoEncoderLoss
base_model: google-bert/bert-base-uncased
widget:
  - source_sentence: >-
      drive blades sufficient RPM to flight . Rotor overspeed which can
      over-stress rotor pitch bearings brinelling) and, if severe enough, blade
      from the aircraft . and tree strikes due to low altitude and take-offs and
      landings . in which the aircraft unintentionally lack of . Mast List fatal
      records See also Notes Footnotes Bibliography, R. The God Machine From
      Boomerangs to Black Hawks The Story the Helicopter York Bantam 2007., .
      des du savant . Paris: Les Usuels . Francillon, René J. Douglas since II
      London:, . Frawley Gerard The International Directory of Civil Aircraft,,
      Canberra Act Australia: Publications Pty Ltd., 155. Munson, . Helicopters
      and other Rotorcraft 1907 . Blandford Publishing 1968. Flying Handbook
      Washington: Skyhorse Publishing Inc. 2007. Rotorcraft Flying Handbook: FAA
      Manual H-8083-21 ., D.C.: Federal (Flight Division), U.S. Dept
      Transportation 2001. Thicknesse P. Military Rotorcraft ('s World Military
      series). London:'s,, John .: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Wragg, David
      War A History .: R. Hale, Zaschka . Trag- und Hubschrauber
      Berlin-Charlottenburg: C. E., 1936. . links – Work" Complete site of and
      how they . "That 1935 article and research helicopters . Flights —
      Imagination". 1918 article on helicopter design concepts . Twin Windmill
      Blades Fly Wingless Ship
    sentences:
      - >2-
         second consecutive term in 2006. However, while the army and the police's operations recovered control of regions where the guerrillas had expanded their influence during the 1980s and 1990s, the FARC displayed a capacity to re-accommodate and reactivate themselves militarily in new strategic hinterland and border regions. The FARC showed their military resilience through terrorist attacks in urban environments (El Nogal Club bombing in 2003) and a counteroffensive in 2005.

        Álvaro Uribe was reelected in a landslide in 2006, and made the
        'consolidation' of democratic security one of his major priorities for
        the second term. Between 2006 and 2010, the military struck significant
        blows to the FARC, and for the first time successfully targeted
        high-ranking members of the FARC's Secretariat. In March 2008, Raúl
        Reyes was killed in a cross-border operation in Ecuador (which sparked a
        major diplomatic crisis), followed in May 2008 by the natural death of
        the FARC's historic leader Manuel Marulanda. In the midst of military
        blows, the FARC sought to maintain the political initiative by promoting
        a humanitarian exchange, and President Uribe bowed to public pressure in
        August 2007 by agreeing to discussions mediated by Venezuelan President
        Hugo Chávez. In November 2007, however, Uribe ended Chávez's mediation.
        Henceforth, the liberation of hostages came through unilateral decisions
        by the FARC (Operation Emmanuel) with Venezuelan mediation or military
        rescue operations (Operation Jaque).


        Although no formal peace talks with the FARC were initiated under
        Uribe's presidency, informal contacts were clandestinely made. In 2012,
        as the current peace process began, El Tiempo related how Uribe had
        sought "secret approaches with the FARC in search of a peace process"
        until the final moments of his second term. In 2013, former Swiss
        mediator Jean Pierre Gontard stated that, in 2006, Uribe had ordered
        three small secret unilateral ceasefires to facilitate talks between
        both parties.


        In July 2008, following the rescue of 15 hostages by the Colombian
        military in Operation Jaque, the government made contact with the FARC,
        notably the organization's new leader Alfonso Cano, to offer them a
        "dignified" exit. Near the end of Uribe's term in January 2010, the
        then-High Commissioner for Peace, Frank Pearl, told U.S. Ambassador
        William Brownfield that he had opened channels of communication with the
        FARC to build confidence and prepare roadmaps for the next
        administration. In February 2010, according
      - >2-
         United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, France, and China—plus Germany) and the European Union. The Obama administration agreed to lift sanctions on Iran that had devastated their economy for years, in return Iran promised to give up their nuclear capabilities and allow workers from the UN to do facility checks whenever they so please. President Obama urged US Congress to support the nuclear deal reminding politicians that were wary that if the deal fell through, the US would reinstate their sanctions on Iran. Still, the lawmakers had a negative approach towards Iran, viewing it as a security threat to the US, its allies, and the international community, in line with existing stereotypical depictions of the country.

        Following the deal, the U.S. supported a UN Security Council resolution
        that endorsed the JCPOA—the United Nations Security Council Resolution
        2231 of 20 July 2015. The resolution welcomed "Iran's reaffirmation in
        the JCPOA that it will under no circumstances ever seek, develop or
        acquire any nuclear weapons".


        In 2015, The Washington Post claimed that 2 to 1 Americans supported the
        United States' efforts to negotiate with Iran on behalf of their nuclear
        capabilities. The Washington Post also stated that 59% of Americans
        favored the lifting of sanctions on Iran's economy in return for the
        power to regulate Iran's nuclear arms. A polling group called YouGov
        also did a survey before President Trump took office and found that in
        approximately 44% of Americans thought that the President should honor
        international agreements signed by past presidents. The Polling Report
        has reaffirmed the positive polling numbers from using sources ranging
        from CNN polls to ABC polls and found that the majority of America was
        in support of the Iran Nuclear Deal in 2015. By 2016 Gallup News
        reported that the overall public opinion of the US–Iran nuclear deal was
        at 30% approval and the disapproval was reported to be at 57%, and 14%
        had no opinion on the deal. Finally, the latest polls show that in
        October 2017, Lobe Log (polling firm) found that about 45% of Americans
        were opposed to the Iran nuclear deal. The approval polls found that
        only 30% of Americans supported the Iran nuclear deal, staying
        consistent within the last year.


        In February 2015, former Congressman Jim Slattery claimed to have
        visited Iran in December 2014 from an invitation by the Iranian
        government where he attended the World Against Violence and Extremism
        conference making him the first American lawmaker to visit the country
        after the Iranian Revolution. He claimed to have met with President
        Rouhani stating that Rouhani was
      - " drive the blades at sufficient RPM to maintain flight.\n Rotor overspeed, which can over-stress the rotor hub pitch bearings (brinelling) and, if severe enough, cause blade separation from the aircraft.\n Wire and tree strikes due to low altitude operations and take-offs and landings in remote locations.\n Controlled flight into terrain in which the aircraft is flown into the ground unintentionally due to a lack of situational awareness.\n Mast bumping in some helicopters\n\nList of fatal crashes\n\nWorld records\n\nSee also\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nFootnotes\n\nBibliography\n\n Chiles, James R. The God Machine: From Boomerangs to Black Hawks: The Story of the Helicopter. New York: Bantam Books, 2007. .\n Cottez, Henri. Dictionnaire des structures du vocabulaire savant. Paris: Les Usuels du Robert. 1980. .\n Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920: Volume II. London: Putnam, 1997. .\n Frawley, Gerard. The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003–2004. Fyshwick, Canberra, Act, Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd., 2003, p.\_155. .\n Munson, Kenneth. Helicopters and other Rotorcraft since 1907. London: Blandford Publishing, 1968. .\n Rotorcraft Flying Handbook. Washington: Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., 2007. .\n Rotorcraft Flying Handbook: FAA Manual H-8083-21. Washington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Administration (Flight Standards Division), U.S. Dept. of Transportation, 2001. .\n Thicknesse, P. Military Rotorcraft (Brassey's World Military Technology series). London: Brassey's, 2000. .\n Watkinson, John. Art of the Helicopter. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004. \n Wragg, David W. Helicopters at War: A Pictorial History. London: R. Hale, 1983. .\n Zaschka, Engelbert. Drehflügelflugzeuge. Trag- und Hubschrauber. Berlin-Charlottenburg: C. J. E. Volckmann Nachf. E. Wette, 1936. .\n\nExternal links\n\n \"Helicopterpage.com – How Helicopters Work\" Complete site explaining different aspects of helicopters and how they work.\n \"Planes That Go Straight Up\". 1935 article about early development and research into helicopters.\n \"Flights\_— of the Imagination\". 1918 article on helicopter design concepts.\n \"Twin Windmill Blades Fly Wingless Ship"
  - source_sentence: >-
      Disabilities found that Living students than Disney programs". MacUser
      felt Slater Go Sierra On-Line was" of the Living series, while PC Mag
      thought "as richly" as Living Books . MacUser wrote that series Living
      Books and Discis Kids Read "two letting players follow narrative story
      contents . Meanwhile, the and Olson () that children Living over Discis
      "could be played with". The Seattle Times compared Living' surprises'
      Fatty Birthday Putt-Putt Goes to the Moon Bloomberg compared series to
      Packard subsidiary Active, deemed latter quite as". Children's Technology
      Review thought TabTale 2011 The Duckling imitated the Living Books style .
      Complex asserts Reading Blaster and Science Blaster never amount of
      attention as "to competition likes the Living Books and that Living Books
      "hold candle a Carmen Sandiego contemporary . Game Developer Books and
      Tuna titles into The Living though the was a pale . reception As a
      learning tool reviewers the a Multiple Perspectives Difficulties in and
      the offers children a context them authority and control over the
      interface to motivate them to learn . The York a reading dressed
      interactive cartoon". Compute! felt interaction led to a
      fantasy...wonderful witty of" that was fun and .'s And Learning Outcomes
      With Talking deemed series "'edutainment ’ Folha appreciated the games not
      player to solve Multiple Perspectives on Difficulties in Learning Literacy
      and asserts that the software had "crafted so play commence until had read
      with each word, a narrative context for the . The Educational Handbook the
      series
    sentences:
      - >2-
         Disabilities found that "Living Books programs appeared more comprehensible to students than the Disney programs". MacUser felt Slater & Charlie Go Camping by Sierra On-Line was a "pale imitation" of the Living Books series, while PC Mag thought it wasn't "quite as richly animated" as Living Books. Additionally, MacUser wrote that series like Living Books and Discis' Kids Can Read "operate on two levels" by letting players follow the story narrative and by exploring the story's contents. Meanwhile, the De-Jean, Miller and Olson (1995) study found that children preferred Living Books over Discis as the latter "could not be played with". The Seattle Times compared Living Books' hunt for surprises with Electronic Arts' Fatty Bear's Birthday Surprise and Putt-Putt Goes to the Moon. Bloomberg positively compared the series to interactive storybooks from Packard Bell Electronics subsidiary Active Imagination, deemed the latter "not quite as rich". Children's Technology Review thought TabTale's 2011 app The Ugly Duckling imitated the Living Books style. Complex asserts that Reading Blaster and Science Blaster never received the same amount of attention as Math Blaster! due to "failing to live up to competition from the likes of the Living Books series", and wrote that Living Books could "hold a candle" as a Carmen Sandiego contemporary. Game Developer Magazine grouped together Living Books and Big Tuna Productions titles into The Living Book Series, though noted the latter was a pale imitation of the former.

         Critical reception 

         As a learning tool 
        Many reviewers praised the series as a learning tool. Multiple
        Perspectives on Difficulties in Learning Literacy and Numeracy felt the
        series offers children a narrative context to explore while giving them
        authority and control over the interface to motivate them to learn. The
        New York Times described it as "a reading lesson dressed up as an
        interactive cartoon". Compute! felt that the interaction led players to
        a "cartoon fantasy...wonderful, witty world of zaniness" that was both
        fun and educational. Children's Interactions And Learning Outcomes With
        Interactive Talking Books deemed the series "very much 'edutainment’".
        Folha appreciated that the games did not present the player with puzzles
        to solve. Multiple Perspectives on Difficulties in Learning Literacy and
        Numeracy asserts that the software had been "cleverly crafted" so that
        play could not commence until after the page had been read with each
        word highlighted, offering a narrative context for the children. The
        Educational Technology Handbook praised the series' '
      - >2-
         first dose by 30 September and any required second dose by 31 October 2021.

        Launch vehicles and stages 


        As of 2023, ULA still operates the Atlas V and Delta IV Heavy rockets,
        both of which are retiring. Both were developed under the National
        Security Space Launch (NSSL) program by Lockheed Martin and Boeing
        respectively, both launching in 2002. The Delta IV Medium was retired on
        22 August 2019, but the last remaining  Delta IV Heavy rocket will be
        used to launch a  Reconnaissance satellite, in 2024. ULA is developing
        Vulcan, a heavy-lift launch vehicle that will replace its existing
        fleet. The first Vulcan certification flight was originally expected to
        launch in 2019.  it is scheduled to launch 24 December 2023.


        Current fleet


        Atlas V 


        Atlas V is ULA's main active launch vehicle, but is scheduled for
        retirement. All remaining Atlas V flights have been sold and no more
        orders will be accepted. Atlas V has flown 98 times since its first
        flight in 2002. 19 flights remain.


        Atlas V is the fifth major version in the Atlas rocket family. It is an
        expendable launch system that was originally designed by Lockheed
        Martin. Each Atlas V rocket consists of two main stages. The first stage
        is powered by a Russian RD-180 engine, which is manufactured by RD
        Amross, and burns kerosene and liquid oxygen. Each RD-180 engine costs
        about US$10 million which is considerably cheaper than any competing
        rocket with the ability to launch a satellite to geostationary orbit. It
        has a flawless record of launching American satellites over many years
        of service.


        The Atlas V has been modified for human spaceflight to support flights
        of the Boeing Starliner. Human-rating required new computers to monitor
        performance and trigger an abort when necessary, data links between the
        rocket and spacecraft, and other changes. Crewed flights will include a
        mechanism to allow astronauts to manually abort. For Starliner flights, 
        Atlas V is configured with two SRBs from Aerojet Rocketdyne. This is the
        only Atlas V configuration ever to fly without a payload fairing and the
        only configuration with two engines on the upper stage. With the
        Starliner on top, the rocket is 172 feet tall. ULA has contracted to
        support nine Starliner missions with Atlas V. The first Starliner
        mission was the Boeing Orbital Flight Test in December 2019.


        In 2017, Sierra Nevada selected the Atlas V to launch the first two
        missions of the Dream Chaser cargo capsule to the International Space
        Station. These launches are part of NASA's Cargo Resupply Services 2
        contract. At
      - >2-
         James, Royal Corps of Transport.
        Sergeant Robert William Jones, Intelligence Corps.

        Corporal Ronald Frank Jones, Royal Corps of Signals.

        Sergeant (Acting Staff Sergeant) Alan Anthony Joseph, The Cheshire
        Regiment.

        Sergeant Roy Brian John Kochanowski, Corps of Royal Electrical and
        Mechanical Engineers.

        Staff Sergeant Christopher James Locke, The King's Own Scottish
        Borderers.

        LsStaff Sergeant Brian Luke, The Light Infantry.

        W/425114 Private (Acting Sergeant) Patricia Ann Manson, Women's Royal
        Army Corps.

        Sergeant (Acting Staff Sergeant (now Acting Warrant Officer Class 2))
        William Marks, Royal Army Pay Corps, Territorial Army.

        Sergeant Graham Alec Marsland, Corps of Royal Engineers:

        Corporal (now Acting Sergeant Military Provost Staff Corps) Thomas
        Martin, The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise's).

        Staff Sergeant Stephen Job Massey, Intelligence Corps.

        Staff Sergeant John Edward McNicol, Corps of Royal Electrical and
        Mechanical Engineers.

        Staff Sergeant (now Warrant Officer Class 2) Peter John Milmer, Corps of
        Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers.

        Staff Sergeant Frederick Thomas Morris, Royal Corps of Signals.

        Sergeant Graham Henry Pollard, Royal Corps of Signals.

        Sergeant (now Acting Staff Sergeant) Charles John Robinson, Corps of
        Royal Engineers.

        Staff Sergeant Trevor John Rowles, Royal Army Ordnance Corps.

        Staff Sergeant Frank Salt, Royal Regiment of Artillery.

        Staff Sergeant Susan Ann Sansom, Women's Royal Army Corps, Territorial
        Army.

        Sergeant Lawrence Skuse, The Royal Regiment of Wales.

        Bombardier Gordon Michael Siddell, Royal Regiment of Artillery.

        Staff Sergeant Siva Limbu, 7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles.

        Corporal Peter James Smith, The Gloucestershire Regiment.

        Staff Sergeant Owen James Smorthit, Army Physical Training Corps.

        Sergeant Alexander Grant Sneddon, Corps of Royal Electrical and
        Mechanical Engineers.

        Staff Sergeant Geoffrey Edward Leyden Stewart, Corps of Royal Electrical
        and Mechanical Engineers.

        Staff Sergeant Brian Keith Thomas, Royal Corps of Transport.

        Sergeant Wayne Gale Thomas, 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards.

        Corporal Michael Terrence Thompson, Royal Corps of Signals.

        Staff Sergeant Neil Francis Thorpe, Royal Corps of Transport.

        Corporal (Acting Sergeant) Gordon Andrew Turnbull, The Black Watch
        (Royal Highland Regiment).

        Sergeant Ferris Walker, The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards (Carabiniers and
        Greys).

        Staff Sergeant Ian Grant Walsh, Army Air Corps.

        Warrant Officer Class 2 Timothy Charles Harvey Warren, Intelligence
        Corps.

        Sergeant John Watson, Royal Corps of Transport.

        Staff Sergeant Christopher Whewell, The Royal Irish Rangers (27th
        (Inniskill
  - source_sentence: >-
      Markinson, Chief Meter Inspector Leeds North Eastern Gas, Gas . Walter
      Frederick Coastguardsman-in-Charge Sea, Norfolk, HM . John William Mason,
      Constable, & Rotherham Constabulary Richard Frederick Mealings Commander
      City Special . Florence Ruth Centre,, East Riding Yorkshire, Women's Royal
      Voluntary Service . James Moody Class I) Northern Ireland . William Harry
      Moody Furnace Appleby Frodingham Works General Steels, British Corporation
      ., Officer, South-Eastern Fire Brigade Scotland). William George, Fareham
      Urban Council . Thomas, Shop, Radar Equipment Division Electrical
      Industries Winifred Mary, Head, House of Lords Herbert John Newman,
      Arlington Court,,, The National Trust . Eben Paine Constable, . Harriet
      May . services to the Hospital Service in Cardiff . Percy Louis,
      Government Industrial Pests Operator Foreman Ministry of Fisheries & Food
      . Hairy, Feeder, Temper, Velihdre Works Mills Division, British Steel
      Corporation Robert Hanson Pashley & Officer III Ordnance Factory Blackburn
      Ministry of Alfred Pengelly lately Inshore Fishing Skipper/Owner, Looe,
      William Gardener, Boatswain Christian & Co. Ltd. Amelia Powell . to Girl
      Cardiff . Daniel Quinn, General Central, Hartlepool, Northern Gas British
      Gas Corporation . James Process Supervisor V, of . Lilian Mary Reynolds
      Manager,, Service, British Broadcasting . Ivor Ernest Richards, Fitter,
      Squadron HMS Daedalus Ministry Defence Norman Risk,, F. Clifford Ltd., . .
      James Henry Roberts, & Ltd., Belfast . Richard, Sergeant Royal .,
      Technical, Aberdeen Telephone Area Post Frederick Sadler, Sergeant Major
      Instructor, Cadet Force,
    sentences:
      - >2-
         is filtering the input signal with a filter which is designed based on the HRTF. Instead of using the neural networks, a head-related transfer function is used and the localization is based on a simple correlation approach.

        See more: Head-related transfer function.


        Cross-power spectrum phase (CSP) analysis

        CSP method is also used for the binaural model. The idea is that the
        angle of arrival can be derived through the time delay of arrival (TDOA)
        between two microphones, and TDOA can be estimated by finding the
        maximum coefficients of CSP. CSP coefficients are derived by:


        Where  and  are signals entering the microphone  and  respectively

        Time delay of arrival() then can be estimated by:


        Sound source direction is


        Where  is the sound propagation speed,  is the sampling frequency and 
        is the distance with maximum time delay between 2 microphones.


        CPS method does not require the system impulse response data that HRTF
        needs. An expectation-maximization algorithm is also used for localizing
        several sound sources and reduce the localization errors. The system is
        capable of identifying several moving sound source using only two
        microphones.


        2D sensor line array


        In order to estimate the location of a source in 3D space, two line
        sensor arrays can be placed horizontally and vertically. An example is a
        2D line array used for underwater source localization. By processing the
        data from two arrays using the maximum likelihood method, the direction,
        range and depth of the source can be identified simultaneously. Unlike
        the binaural hearing model, this method is similar to the spectral
        analysis method. The method can be used to localize a distant source.


        Self-rotating Bi-Microphone Array

        The rotation of the two-microphone array (also referred as bi-microphone
        array ) leads to a sinusoidal inter-channel time difference (ICTD)
        signal for a stationary sound source present in a 3D environment. The
        phase shift of the resulting sinusoidal signal can be directly mapped to
        the azimuth angle of the sound source, and the amplitude of the ICTD
        signal can be represented as a function of the elevation angle of the
        sound source and the distance between the two microphones. In the case
        of multiple sources, the ICTD signal has data points forming multiple
        discontinuous sinusoidal waveforms. Machine learning techniques such as
        Random sample consensus (RANSAC) and Density-based spatial clustering of
        applications with noise (DBSCAN) can be applied to identify phase shifts
        (mapping to azimuths) and amplitudes (mapping to elevations) of each
      - |2-

         Thomas Markinson, Chief Meter Inspector, Leeds Area, North Eastern Gas, British Gas Corporation.
         Walter Frederick Martin, Auxiliary Coastguardsman-in-Charge, Sea Palling, Norfolk, HM Coastguard.
         John William Mason, Constable, Sheffield & Rotherham Constabulary.
         Richard Frederick Mealings, Divisional Commander, Birmingham City Special Constabulary.
         Florence Ruth Mole, Centre Organiser, Filey, East Riding of Yorkshire, Women's Royal Voluntary Service.
         James Moody, Chief Officer (Class I), Northern Ireland Prison Service.
         William Harry Moody, Blast Furnace Helper, Appleby Frodingham Works, General Steels Division, British Steel Corporation.
         Mary Moran, Group Officer, South-Eastern Area Fire Brigade (Scotland).
         William George Mortar, lately Chargehand, Fareham Urban District Council.
         John Thomas Morten, Foreman, Plating Shop, Radar & Equipment Division, Electrical Musical Industries Electronics Ltd.
         Winifred Mary Myers, Head Cook, House of Lords.
         Herbert John Newman, Custodian, Arlington Court, near Barnstaple, Devon, The National Trust.
         John Eben Paine, Constable, Metropolitan Police.
         Lillian Harriet May Palmer. For services to the Hospital Service in Cardiff.
         Percy Louis William Parfitt, Government Industrial Pests Operator Foreman, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food.
         Hairy Parker, Feeder, Temper Mills, Velihdre Works Strip Mills Division, British Steel Corporation.
         Robert Hanson Pashley, Professional & Technology Officer, Grade III, Royal Ordnance Factory, Blackburn, Ministry of Defence.
         Alfred John Pengelly, lately Inshore Fishing Vessel Skipper/Owner, Looe, Cornwall.
         William Gardener Pennock, Boatswain, Christian Salveson & Co. Ltd.
         Mary Amelia Powell. For services to the Girl Guide Movement in Cardiff.
         Daniel Quinn, General Foreman, Central Production Station, Hartlepool, Northern Gas, British Gas Corporation. 
         Walter James Raymond, Process & General Supervisor Grade V, Ministry of Defence.
         Lilian Mary Reynolds, Assistant Manager, Catering, Television Service, British Broadcasting Corporation.
         Donald Ivor Ernest Richards, Aircraft Fitter, 781 Squadron, HMS Daedalus, Ministry of Defence.
         Norman Risk, Site Foreman, F. W. Clifford Ltd., Purley, Surrey. For services to export.
         James Henry Roberts, Groupage Superintendent, Lawther & Harvey Ltd., Belfast.
         Adrian Richard Robinson, Sergeant, Royal Ulster Constabulary.
         William Rose, Technical Officer, Aberdeen Telephone Area, Post Office.
         Frederick Sadler, Sergeant Major Instructor, Army Cadet Force,
      - >2-


         Occupational Fields 01-79 (Regular OccFlds)  Occupational Fields that contain all types of MOSs related to a specific occupational field.
         80XX (Miscellaneous Requirement MOSs)  These are MOSs that do not fit into a regular OccFld but are used on the Marine Corps Table of Organization (T/O).
         90XX (Reporting MOS)  These MOSs do not exist on the USMC T/O. They are used to meet Department of Navy and Department of Defense reporting requirements.

        There are six types of MOSs, divided into primary MOSs and non-primary
        MOSs. Primary MOSs are of three types:
         Basic MOS  Entry-level MOSs required for entry-level Marines (both officers and enlisted) or others not yet qualified by initial skills training. In addition, when a Reserve Component (RC) Marine transfers to a new unit and does not possess the MOS required for the billet filled, they will be assigned a Basic MOS as Primary MOS until the completion of required formal school training or is otherwise certified to be MOS qualified, and the previous PMOS will be retained but become an Additional MOS. Promotions for enlisted Marines will be based upon their Basic MOS, or if qualified for a PMOS, then upon their PMOS, never on an AMOS.
         Primary MOS (PMOS)  Used to identify the primary skills and knowledge of a Marine. Only enlisted Marines, Warrant Officers, Chief Warrant Officers, and Limited Duty Officers are promoted in their primary MOS. Changes to an Active Component Marine's PMOS without approval from CMC (MM) and changes to a RC Marine's PMOS without approval from CMC (RA) are not authorized. Promotions for enlisted Marines will be based upon their Basic MOS, or if qualified for a PMOS, then upon their PMOS, never on an AMOS.
         Additional MOS (AMOS)  Any existing PMOS awarded to a Marine who already holds a PMOS. Example: after a lateral move to a new job, a Marine's previous PMOS becomes an AMOS and is normally retained in the Marine's service records for historical purposes and manpower management. Marines are not promoted in an AMOS.

        There are also three types of non-PMOSs:
         Necessary (NMOS)  A non-PMOS that has a prerequisite of one or more PMOSs. This MOS identifies a particular skill or training that is in addition to a Marine's PMOS, but can only be filled by a Marine with
  - source_sentence: >-
      books, the reference of virtually all books of Western Invented during
      Roman times, its adoption was later spread by Christianity . (Modern
      Diesel) Common Rail researcher Mario of Group: generally featuring scale
      could be of infinitesimals of figures . There are types: Reduction
      developed by Commandino Federico (inventor the polymetric) and Joost .
      spikes compass by Fabrizio Mordente used by G. Bruno his research minimum
      . Flat hands compass, such Galilei's . concrete edification purposes, more
      than modern . Confetti: initially meaning a type of used for analogy to
      indicate little used in festivities . Mangilli (Milan) is credited as
      early inventor paper a device invented by engineers to transform motion
      into linear motion .: naval boarding device .: Imperial form of Corinthian
      order . Dental fillings: Cornelius Celsus in 1st AD . Dentures: first
      dentures were by the Etruscans 700 Di air: a built by Pietro, require low
      pressure to . This engine produces no vibration internal wear or is
      potentially a environment-friendly . In it 100% efficiency air engine to
      that date . also represents engine applied transportation Dipleidoscope
      Giovan . Dollying to dolly esp toward or away filmed or . Giovanni used
      method . Doppio Borgato, a musical instrument which is a variation the
      (for accounting), developed in the mercantile city-states of medieval and
      first by Lucas de Venice . Perfected by Amatino Mannucci in century . The
      actual invention have Roman or Asiatic Anyway the system reached a huge as
      of Italian and theorisation Summa de Arithmetica containing rules of
    sentences:
      - >2-
         books, having defined the reference format of virtually all the books of Western civilization. Invented during Roman times, its adoption was later spread by Christianity.
        (Modern Diesel) Common Rail designed by researcher Mario Ricco of the
        FIAT Group.

        Proportional compass: generally featuring a proportional scale, it could
        be used for calculus of infinitesimals and proportions of geometric
        figures. There are three types:

        Reduction compass, developed by Commandino Federico (inventor of the
        polymetric compass) and Joost Bürgi.

        Proportional eight spikes compass, invented by Fabrizio Mordente and
        used by G. Bruno in his research of the physical minimum.

        Flat hands compass, such as Galilei's one.

        Roman concrete: for edification purposes, more resilient than modern
        concrete.

        Confetti: initially meaning a type of sweet, then used for analogy to
        indicate little chalk balls used in Italy during carnival festivities.
        Mangilli di Crescenzago (Milan) is credited as an early inventor of
        paper confetti.

        Connecting rod, a device invented by Roman engineers to transform
        circular motion into linear motion.

        Corvus: Roman naval boarding device.

        Composite order: Imperial Roman form of the Corinthian order.


        D
         Dental fillings: First mentioned by Cornelius Celsus in the 1st century AD.
         Dentures: the first dentures were developed by the Etruscans in 700 BC
        Di Pietro air engine: a pneumatic engine built by Angelo Di Pietro,
        which require very low pressure to start rotation. This engine produces
        almost no vibration, internal wear or friction and is potentially useful
        for a wide range of environment-friendly applications. In 2004, it has
        100% more efficiency than any other air engine to that date. It also
        represents the first air engine that could be applied in transportation.
         Dipleidoscope: invented by Giovan Battista Amici.
         Dollying: to move a camera on a dolly, esp. toward or away from the subject being filmed or televised. Giovanni Pastrone first used this method in 1914.
         Doppio Borgato, a musical instrument which is a variation of the piano
         Double-entry bookkeeping system (for accounting), developed in the mercantile city-states of medieval Italy and first documented by Lucas de Burgo in Venice. Perfected by Amatino Mannucci in the 14th century. The actual invention could have been Roman or Asiatic. Anyway, the system reached a huge diffusion as a consequence of Italian use and theorisation, with Summa de Arithmetica containing the rules of
      - >-
        -pressure breathing air compressor


        A low-pressure compressor is often the air supply of choice for
        surface-supplied diving, as it is virtually unlimited in the amount of
        air it can supply, provided the delivery volume and pressure are
        adequate for the application. A low-pressure compressor can run for tens
        of hours, needing only refueling, periodical filter drainage and
        occasional running checks, and is therefore more convenient than
        high-pressure storage cylinders for primary air supply.


        It is however, critical to diver safety that the compressor is suitable
        for breathing air delivery, uses a suitable oil, is adequately filtered,
        and takes in clean and uncontaminated air. Positioning of the intake
        opening is important, and may have to be changed if the relative wind
        direction changes, to ensure that no engine exhaust gas enters the
        intake. Various national standards for breathing air quality may apply.


        Power for portable compressors is usually a 4-stroke petrol (gasoline)
        engine. Larger, trailer mounted compressors, may be diesel powered.
        Permanently installed compressors on dive support boats are likely to be
        powered by 3-phase electric motors.


        The compressor should be provided with an accumulator and a relief
        valve. The accumulator functions as an additional water trap, but the
        main purpose is to provide a reserve volume of pressurised air. The
        relief valve allows any excess air to be released back to the atmosphere
        while retaining the appropriate supply pressure in the accumulator.


        High pressure main gas supply


        The main gas supply for surface-supplied diving can be from high
        pressure bulk storage cylinders. When the storage cylinders are
        relatively portable this is known as a scuba replacement system in the
        commercial diving industry. The application is versatile and can ensure
        high quality breathing gas in places where atmospheric air is too
        contaminated to use through a normal low pressure compressor filter
        system, and is easily adaptable to a mixed gas supply and oxygen
        decompression provided that the breathing apparatus and gas supply
        system are compatible with the mixtures to be used. Scuba replacement is
        often used from smaller diving support vessels, for emergency work, and
        for hazmat diving.


        Mixed breathing gases are provided from high pressure bulk storage
        systems for saturation diving, but these are less portable, and
        generally involve manifolded racks of  cylinders of approximately 50
        litres water capacity arranged as quads and even larger racks of high
        pressure tubes. If gas reclaim systems are used, the reclaimed gas is
        scrubbed of carbon dioxide, filtered of other contaminants, and
        recompressed into high pressure cylinders for interim storage, ans is
        generally blended with oxygen or helium to
      - |2-
         on Nova on 21 October 1997 as Bomb Squad
         1 December Day Return to Space about the new proposals for craft; in 1995, NASA proposed the X-33, chosen on 2 July 1996, to fly by March 1999; Daniel Goldin, head of NASA from 1992 to 2001; Saturn from The Planets; The Blue Danube; the McDonnell Douglas DC-X; Maxwell Hunter; Jupiter from The Planets; Hans Mark of NASA; David Urie and Paul Landry; the Rutan Voyager, which flew around the world without refuelling; the aerospike engine; the Ansari X Prize and the EAA AirVenture Oshkosh air show; Mitchell Burnside Clapp; Gary Hudson, Bevin McKinney, and their Rotary Rocket (Roton); Steve Bennett and his Starchaser Industries. Narrated, similarly to the Adam Curtis series, by Jack Fortune, produced by Richard Reisz, directed by Stephen White, made by TV6
         8 December Superhighway Robbery, about 26-year-old Russian computer programmer Vladimir Levin and computer hacking, who was caught when he arrived at Stansted Airport in March 1995 (he was trying to evade extradition to the US, but failed and was extradited in September 1997; an average bank robbery took $1900, but was prosecuted around 82%, a robbery via computer took around $250,000 and prosecution was around 2%; Willie Sutton and his Sutton's law. Narrated by Robin Ellis, directed by Patrick Forbes, produced by Jenny Crowther, made by Hart Ryan.
         15 December Dr Satan's Robot, it refers to the film Mysterious Doctor Satan; it shows surgeon Robert J. White and his many macabre experiments on animals; the documentary would have not been appointment viewing for supporters of PETA; John Frankenheimer, director of the film Island of Dr Moreau; Terry Gilliam and his film Twelve Monkeys; the film The City of Lost Children; novelist Michael Marshall Smith, and his novel Spares; Cold Lazarus by Dennis Potter; Conservative MP for Birmingham Edgbaston, Jill Knight, and her disagreements with Roger Gosden; John Gillott; film director John Carpenter; David King, and disagreements with Robert Plomin, which led to his MRC funding being withheld; James Wilson (scientist) of the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Julliet Tizzard of the Progress Trust. Narrated by Seán Barrett (actor), produced by Cathy Rogers, directed by Martin Durkin, made
  - source_sentence: >-
      version of spaced was introduced beginning the 97th vehicle of 6th batch
      also introduced an of heavy ballistic Leopard on increased armour
      protection While Leopard to the Leopard 2A5 the covering the modules is
      modules . New armour modules armour cover the frontal arc of the turret .
      have distinctive and protection both penetrators and charges The side
      skirts incorporate improved protection . A 25 the danger of injuries in
      case armour penetration The Leopard 2A7 the generation and belly armour
      providing against mines and IEDs . Leopard 2A7 fitted for mounting armour
      modules protection systems against . For urban combat, the Leopard 2 can
      be with different of modular armour Leopard 2A4M Leopard 2 Peace) the
      mount modules composite along the flanks turret and hull, while slat
      armour can be adapted at vehicle The modules, which depending on the
      warhead can penetrate of armour The 2A6M CAN increases rocket-propelled
      including slat armour . Additional armour packages been developed by a
      number different companies IBD developed upgrades Advanced (AMAP) armour
      the latter used on Singaporean and Leopard tanks . RUAG has developed
      armour upgrade composite . first the 2013 . The Leopard and 2A6M add an
      additional protection for, which increases mines and IEDs . 22, the German
      Defence to Trophy, an active protection system of . 17 be fitted the with
      integration planned be in 2023 . Armour protection estimates Estimated
      levels of for range from 590 to 690 mm the turret RHAe the and lower front
      hull on Leopard 2A4, to mm RHAe turret 620 mm RHAe on
    sentences:
      - >-
        , Florida. All 18 on both planes killed.


        8 November "NORFOLK, Va., Nov. 8 (UP) – A Navy plane crashed off Old
        Point Comfort and the Navy reported that the 13 men aboard were either
        dead or missing."


        10 November "Clovis, N.M., Nov. 12 (UP) – Six officers and nine enlisted
        men were killed Friday night when a four-engined bomber crashed and
        burned about 25 miles southeast of the Clovis Army air field." Boeing
        B-29A-1-BN Superfortress, 42-93832, c/n 7329, delivered to the USAAF 15
        April 1944, assigned to the Combat Crew Training Squadron, 234th Army
        Air Force Base Unit, Clovis AAF, piloted by Thomas R. Opie, is listed by
        two sources as having crashed approximately 25 miles NE of the airfield,
        at variance with the initial United Press report.


        10 November Famed Consolidated B-24J-1-CO Liberator, 42-72994,
        "Bolivar", of the 30th Bomb Group, sent home from the Pacific after 81
        missions with three different crews for a war bond tour, crash lands
        near Vultee Field, the base for Vultee Aircraft in Downey, California,
        and never flies again. One crew member suffers a broken leg.


        11 November A court-martialed former U.S. Army Air Force officer escapes
        from the Craig Field, Alabama, guardhouse, steals North American
        AT-6A-NA Texan, 41-488, c/n 77-4517, of the 2138th AAF Base Unit, flies
        to Louisiana, and bails out E of New Orleans, the unmanned trainer
        coming down early on 12 November near the former Micheaud Airport, where
        Higgins Industries had constructed a war plant. "NEW ORLEANS, Nov. 13,
        (AP) – Robert G. Kaslow, former Army Air Corps officer, who escaped from
        the Craig field, Ala., guardhouse Friday night and fled in an Army
        plane, was captured here tonight by F.B.I. agents. The assistant special
        agent in charge of the New Orleans F.B.I. office, Zack J. Van
        Landingham, announced that Kaslow, 21, of Johnson City, N.Y., who was
        serving a 30-year sentence at the Alabama field for violations of the
        articles of war, was taken in custody at 5 p.m. in the cocktail lounge
        of a New Orleans
      - |-
        , produced by George Haggerty, made by Kai Productions
         28 December Incredible Evidence,  an Equinox Special about the limits of DNA profiling. Directed by Hilary Lawson, made by TVF

        1995
         9 January Beyond Love, an Equinox Special about autoerotic asphyxia, which killed over 50 people in 1994; and due to the deeply, and distasteful, unconventional content of the programme, it was shown at 10pm; at the John Hopkins Sexual Disorders Clinic at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore in Maryland, where chromosomal abnormality was found by Fred Berlin, often Klinefelter syndrome; Dr Raymond Goodman of Hope Hospital in Salford, now of the Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health at the University of Manchester, and why 90% of paraphiliacs were male; Peter Fenwick (neuropsychologist) of the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and how sexual arousal is centred in the limbic system; Gene Abel of the Behavioral Medicine Institute of Atlanta; William Marshall of the Queen's University at Kingston; Jeffrey Weeks (sociologist) at London South Bank University; John Bancroft (sexologist)  of the MRC Reproductive Biology Unit in Edinburgh; Stephen Hucker of Queen's University, Ontario; John Money of Johns Hopkins Hospital; forensic psychologist Ronald Langevin. Narrated by Dame Jenni Murray, directed by Peter Boyd Maclean, produced by Simon Andreae, made by Optomen Television
         27 August  The Real X-Files: America's Psychic Spies, an Equinox Special about a former American military unit that conducted remote viewing, where operatives could see backwards and forwards in time; Admiral Stansfield Turner, Director from 1977 to 1981 of the CIA; Major-General Ed Thompson; Colonel John B. Alexander of the United States Army Intelligence and Security Command; Hal Puthoff, of SRI International in California; remote viewer Ingo Swann and the subsequent Stargate Project, at Fort Meade in Maryland; Keith Harary, who worked with Russell Targ. Narrated by Jim Schnabel, produced by Alex Graham, directed by Bill Eagles, made by Wall to Wall Television
         3 September Cybersecrecy, the mathematician Fred Piper of the Information Security Group; the UK gave out Enigma machines to Commonwealth countries for secret telecommunications, without telling these countries that the UK could read every message; Phil Zimmermann, inventor of the PGP encryption algorithm; Simon Davies (privacy advocate); when at MIT in 1976, Whitfield Diffie found how to
      - " version of spaced multilayer armour was introduced beginning with the 97th vehicle of the 6th production batch. The same batch also introduced an improved type of heavy ballistic skirts.\n\nThe Leopard 2A5 upgrade focused on increased armour protection. While upgrading a Leopard 2 tank to the Leopard 2A5 configuration, the roof covering the armour modules is cut open and new armour modules are inserted. New additional armour modules made of laminated armour cover the frontal arc of the turret. They have a distinctive arrowhead shape and improve protection against both kinetic penetrators and shaped charges. The side skirts also incorporate improved armour protection. A 25\_mm-thick spall liner reduces the danger of crew injuries in case of armour penetration.\n\nThe Leopard 2A7 features the latest generation of passive armour and belly armour providing protection against mines and IEDs. The Leopard 2A7 is fitted with adapters for mounting additional armour modules or protection systems against RPGs.\n\nFor urban combat, the Leopard 2 can be fitted with different packages of modular armour. The Leopard 2A4M CAN, Leopard 2 PSO (Peace Support Operations) and the Leopard 2A7 can mount thick modules of composite armour along the flanks of the turret and hull, while slat armour can be adapted at the vehicle's rear. The armour modules provide protection against the RPG-7, which depending on the warhead can penetrate between  and  of steel armour. The Leopard 2A6M CAN increases protection against rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) by including additional slat armour.\n\nAdditional armour packages have been developed by a number of different companies. IBD Deisenroth has developed upgrades with MEXAS and Advanced Modular Armor Protection (AMAP) composite armour, the latter is being used on Singaporean and Indonesian Leopard 2 tanks. RUAG has developed an armour upgrade utilizing their SidePRO-ATR composite armour. This upgrade was first presented on the IAV 2013.\n\nThe Leopard 2A4M and 2A6M add an additional mine protection plate for the belly, which increases protection against mines and IEDs.\n\nOn 22 February 2021, the German Defence Ministry agreed to acquire Trophy, an active protection system of Israeli design. 17 German Army tanks will be fitted with the system, with integration planned to be completed in 2023.\n\nArmour protection estimates\nEstimated levels of protection for the Leopard 2 range from 590 to 690\_mm RHAe on the turret, 600\_mm RHAe on the glacis and lower front hull on the Leopard 2A4, to 920–940\_mm RHAe on the turret, 620\_mm RHAe on the"
datasets:
  - UmarAzam/wikipedia_subsets
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
  - pearson_cosine
  - spearman_cosine
model-index:
  - name: SentenceTransformer based on google-bert/bert-base-uncased
    results:
      - task:
          type: semantic-similarity
          name: Semantic Similarity
        dataset:
          name: sts dev
          type: sts-dev
        metrics:
          - type: pearson_cosine
            value: 0.5596747350153743
            name: Pearson Cosine
          - type: spearman_cosine
            value: 0.5781602308967849
            name: Spearman Cosine
      - task:
          type: semantic-similarity
          name: Semantic Similarity
        dataset:
          name: sts test
          type: sts-test
        metrics:
          - type: pearson_cosine
            value: 0.41543027837570556
            name: Pearson Cosine
          - type: spearman_cosine
            value: 0.46840051106813374
            name: Spearman Cosine

SentenceTransformer based on google-bert/bert-base-uncased

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from google-bert/bert-base-uncased on the wikipedia_subsets dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

  • Model Type: Sentence Transformer
  • Base model: google-bert/bert-base-uncased
  • Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
  • Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
  • Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
  • Training Dataset:
  • Language: en

Model Sources

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False, 'architecture': 'BertModel'})
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("UmarAzam/bert-base-uncased-industrialtech")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'version of spaced was introduced beginning the 97th vehicle of 6th batch also introduced an of heavy ballistic Leopard on increased armour protection While Leopard to the Leopard 2A5 the covering the modules is modules . New armour modules armour cover the frontal arc of the turret . have distinctive and protection both penetrators and charges The side skirts incorporate improved protection . A 25 the danger of injuries in case armour penetration The Leopard 2A7 the generation and belly armour providing against mines and IEDs . Leopard 2A7 fitted for mounting armour modules protection systems against . For urban combat, the Leopard 2 can be with different of modular armour Leopard 2A4M Leopard 2 Peace) the mount modules composite along the flanks turret and hull, while slat armour can be adapted at vehicle The modules, which depending on the warhead can penetrate of armour The 2A6M CAN increases rocket-propelled including slat armour . Additional armour packages been developed by a number different companies IBD developed upgrades Advanced (AMAP) armour the latter used on Singaporean and Leopard tanks . RUAG has developed armour upgrade composite . first the 2013 . The Leopard and 2A6M add an additional protection for, which increases mines and IEDs . 22, the German Defence to Trophy, an active protection system of . 17 be fitted the with integration planned be in 2023 . Armour protection estimates Estimated levels of for range from 590 to 690 mm the turret RHAe the and lower front hull on Leopard 2A4, to mm RHAe turret 620 mm RHAe on',
    " version of spaced multilayer armour was introduced beginning with the 97th vehicle of the 6th production batch. The same batch also introduced an improved type of heavy ballistic skirts.\n\nThe Leopard 2A5 upgrade focused on increased armour protection. While upgrading a Leopard 2 tank to the Leopard 2A5 configuration, the roof covering the armour modules is cut open and new armour modules are inserted. New additional armour modules made of laminated armour cover the frontal arc of the turret. They have a distinctive arrowhead shape and improve protection against both kinetic penetrators and shaped charges. The side skirts also incorporate improved armour protection. A 25\xa0mm-thick spall liner reduces the danger of crew injuries in case of armour penetration.\n\nThe Leopard 2A7 features the latest generation of passive armour and belly armour providing protection against mines and IEDs. The Leopard 2A7 is fitted with adapters for mounting additional armour modules or protection systems against RPGs.\n\nFor urban combat, the Leopard 2 can be fitted with different packages of modular armour. The Leopard 2A4M CAN, Leopard 2 PSO (Peace Support Operations) and the Leopard 2A7 can mount thick modules of composite armour along the flanks of the turret and hull, while slat armour can be adapted at the vehicle's rear. The armour modules provide protection against the RPG-7, which depending on the warhead can penetrate between  and  of steel armour. The Leopard 2A6M CAN increases protection against rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) by including additional slat armour.\n\nAdditional armour packages have been developed by a number of different companies. IBD Deisenroth has developed upgrades with MEXAS and Advanced Modular Armor Protection (AMAP) composite armour, the latter is being used on Singaporean and Indonesian Leopard 2 tanks. RUAG has developed an armour upgrade utilizing their SidePRO-ATR composite armour. This upgrade was first presented on the IAV 2013.\n\nThe Leopard 2A4M and 2A6M add an additional mine protection plate for the belly, which increases protection against mines and IEDs.\n\nOn 22 February 2021, the German Defence Ministry agreed to acquire Trophy, an active protection system of Israeli design. 17 German Army tanks will be fitted with the system, with integration planned to be completed in 2023.\n\nArmour protection estimates\nEstimated levels of protection for the Leopard 2 range from 590 to 690\xa0mm RHAe on the turret, 600\xa0mm RHAe on the glacis and lower front hull on the Leopard 2A4, to 920–940\xa0mm RHAe on the turret, 620\xa0mm RHAe on the",
    ", produced by George Haggerty, made by Kai Productions\n 28 December Incredible Evidence,  an Equinox Special about the limits of DNA profiling. Directed by Hilary Lawson, made by TVF\n\n1995\n 9 January Beyond Love, an Equinox Special about autoerotic asphyxia, which killed over 50 people in 1994; and due to the deeply, and distasteful, unconventional content of the programme, it was shown at 10pm; at the John Hopkins Sexual Disorders Clinic at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore in Maryland, where chromosomal abnormality was found by Fred Berlin, often Klinefelter syndrome; Dr Raymond Goodman of Hope Hospital in Salford, now of the Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health at the University of Manchester, and why 90% of paraphiliacs were male; Peter Fenwick (neuropsychologist) of the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and how sexual arousal is centred in the limbic system; Gene Abel of the Behavioral Medicine Institute of Atlanta; William Marshall of the Queen's University at Kingston; Jeffrey Weeks (sociologist) at London South Bank University; John Bancroft (sexologist)  of the MRC Reproductive Biology Unit in Edinburgh; Stephen Hucker of Queen's University, Ontario; John Money of Johns Hopkins Hospital; forensic psychologist Ronald Langevin. Narrated by Dame Jenni Murray, directed by Peter Boyd Maclean, produced by Simon Andreae, made by Optomen Television\n 27 August  The Real X-Files: America's Psychic Spies, an Equinox Special about a former American military unit that conducted remote viewing, where operatives could see backwards and forwards in time; Admiral Stansfield Turner, Director from 1977 to 1981 of the CIA; Major-General Ed Thompson; Colonel John B. Alexander of the United States Army Intelligence and Security Command; Hal Puthoff, of SRI International in California; remote viewer Ingo Swann and the subsequent Stargate Project, at Fort Meade in Maryland; Keith Harary, who worked with Russell Targ. Narrated by Jim Schnabel, produced by Alex Graham, directed by Bill Eagles, made by Wall to Wall Television\n 3 September Cybersecrecy, the mathematician Fred Piper of the Information Security Group; the UK gave out Enigma machines to Commonwealth countries for secret telecommunications, without telling these countries that the UK could read every message; Phil Zimmermann, inventor of the PGP encryption algorithm; Simon Davies (privacy advocate); when at MIT in 1976, Whitfield Diffie found how to",
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities)
# tensor([[1.0000, 0.9618, 0.5859],
#         [0.9618, 1.0000, 0.5862],
#         [0.5859, 0.5862, 1.0000]])

Evaluation

Metrics

Semantic Similarity

Metric sts-dev sts-test
pearson_cosine 0.5597 0.4154
spearman_cosine 0.5782 0.4684

Training Details

Training Dataset

wikipedia_subsets

  • Dataset: wikipedia_subsets at 72f5c2f
  • Size: 81,516 training samples
  • Columns: text
  • Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
    text
    type string
    details
    • min: 512 tokens
    • mean: 512.0 tokens
    • max: 512 tokens
  • Samples:
    text
    Highway 82 where motorists enter the city's outskirts. The legal speed limit drops in a short space from 55 mph to 30 mph, leading to some drivers who are not alert to be caught. The minimum fine for exceeding the posted speed limit even by 1 mph is $146.

    Initially, Illinois used photo enforcement for construction zones only. There was legislation on the books to expand that throughout the state. However, Chicago has expanded its red light camera program and is planning to put speed cameras in school zones. Some suburbs (e.g. Alsip) already have cameras at various intersections.

    Some U.S. states that formerly allowed red-light enforcement cameras but not speed limit enforcement cameras ('photo radar'), have now approved, or are considering, the implementation of speed limit enforcement cameras. The Maryland legislature approved such a program in January 2006. In 2005, 2006, 2008 and 2009 the California legislature considered, but did not pass, bills to implement speed limit enforce...
    in many sectors of business including stock market trading systems, mobile devices, internet operations, fraud detection, the transportation industry, and governmental intelligence gathering.

    The vast amount of information available about events is sometimes referred to as the event cloud.

    Conceptual description

    Among thousands of incoming events, a monitoring system may for instance receive the following three from the same source:

    church bells ringing.
    the appearance of a man in a tuxedo with a woman in a flowing white gown.
    rice flying through the air.

    From these events the monitoring system may infer a complex event: a wedding. CEP as a technique helps discover complex events by analyzing and correlating other events: the bells, the man and woman in wedding attire and the rice flying through the air.

    CEP relies on a number of techniques, including:

    Event-pattern detection
    Event abstraction
    Event filtering
    Event aggregation and transformation
    Modeling event hierarch...
    ating wheel that allows scientists to select between short, medium, and longer wavelengths when making observations using the MRS mode,” said NASA in a press statement.

    Commissioning and testing
    On 12 January 2022, while still in transit, mirror alignment began. The primary mirror segments and secondary mirror were moved away from their protective launch positions. This took about 10 days, because the 132 actuator motors are designed to fine-tune the mirror positions at microscopic accuracy (10 nanometer increments) and must each move over 1.2 million increments (12.5 mm) during initial alignment.

    Mirror alignment requires each of the 18 mirror segments, and the secondary mirror, to be positioned to within 50 nanometers. NASA compares the required accuracy by analogy: "If the Webb primary mirror were the size of the United States, each [mirror] segment would be the size of Texas, and the team would need to line the height of those Texas-sized segments up with each other to an accurac...
  • Loss: DenoisingAutoEncoderLoss

Evaluation Dataset

wikipedia_subsets

  • Dataset: wikipedia_subsets at 72f5c2f
  • Size: 10,000 evaluation samples
  • Columns: text
  • Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
    text
    type string
    details
    • min: 512 tokens
    • mean: 512.0 tokens
    • max: 512 tokens
  • Samples:
    text
    prisoners of Stalin and Hitler, Frankfurt am Main; Berlin.
    Wilfried Feldenkirchen: 1918–1945 Siemens, Munich 1995, Ulrike fire, Claus Füllberg-Stolberg, Sylvia Kempe: work at Ravensbrück concentration camp, in: Women in concentration camps. Bergen-Belsen. Ravensbrück, Bremen, 1994, pp. 55–69
    Feldenkirchen, Wilfried (2000). Siemens: From Workshop to Global Player, Munich.
    Feldenkirchen, Wilfried, and Eberhard Posner (2005). The Siemens Entrepreneurs: Continuity and Change, 1847–2005. Ten Portraits, Munich.
    Greider, William (1997). One World, Ready or Not. Penguin Press. .
    Sigrid Jacobeit: working at Siemens in Ravensbrück, in: Dietrich Eichholz (eds) War and economy. Studies on German economic history 1939–1945, Berlin 1999.
    Ursula Krause-Schmitt: The path to the Siemens stock led past the crematorium, in: Information. German Resistance Study Group, Frankfurt / Main, 18 Jg, No. 37/38, Nov. 1993, pp. 38–46
    MSS in the estate include Wanda Kiedrzy'nska, in: National Library of Pola...
    dates the beginning of behavioral modernity earlier to the Middle Paleolithic). This is characterized by the widespread observation of religious rites, artistic expression and the appearance of tools made for purely intellectual or artistic pursuits.
    49–30 ka: Ground stone tools – fragments of an axe in Australia date to 49–45 ka, more appear in Japan closer to 30 ka, and elsewhere closer to the Neolithic.
    47 ka: The oldest-known mines in the world are from Eswatini, and extracted hematite for the production of the red pigment ochre.
    45 ka: Shoes, as evidenced by changes in foot bone morphology in Eurasia. Bark sandals dated to 10 to 9 ka were found in Fort Rock Cave in the US state of Oregon in 1938. Oldest leather shoe (Areni-1 shoe), 5.5 ka.
    44–42 ka: Tally sticks (see Lebombo bone) in Eswatini
    43.7 ka: Cave painting in Indonesia
    37 ka: Mortar and pestle in Southwest Asia
    36 ka: Weaving – Indirect evidence from Moravia and Georgia. The earliest actual piece of woven cloth wa...
    on a prestressing. Prestressing means the intentional creation of permanent stresses in a structure for the purpose of improving its performance under various service conditions.

    There are the following basic types of prestressing:
    Pre-compression (mostly, with the own weight of a structure)
    Pretensioning with high-strength embedded tendons
    Post-tensioning with high-strength bonded or unbonded tendons
    Today, the concept of prestressed structure is widely engaged in design of buildings, underground structures, TV towers, power stations, floating storage and offshore facilities, nuclear reactor vessels, and numerous kinds of bridge systems.

    A beneficial idea of prestressing was, apparently, familiar to the ancient Roman architects; look, e.g., at the tall attic wall of Colosseum working as a stabilizing device for the wall piers beneath.

    Steel structures

    Steel structures are considered mostly earthquake resistant but some failures have occurred. A great number of welded steel mo...
  • Loss: DenoisingAutoEncoderLoss

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

  • eval_strategy: steps
  • per_device_train_batch_size: 4
  • per_device_eval_batch_size: 4
  • learning_rate: 3e-05
  • num_train_epochs: 1
  • warmup_ratio: 0.1
  • fp16: True

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand
  • overwrite_output_dir: False
  • do_predict: False
  • eval_strategy: steps
  • prediction_loss_only: True
  • per_device_train_batch_size: 4
  • per_device_eval_batch_size: 4
  • per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
  • per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
  • gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
  • eval_accumulation_steps: None
  • torch_empty_cache_steps: None
  • learning_rate: 3e-05
  • weight_decay: 0.0
  • adam_beta1: 0.9
  • adam_beta2: 0.999
  • adam_epsilon: 1e-08
  • max_grad_norm: 1.0
  • num_train_epochs: 1
  • max_steps: -1
  • lr_scheduler_type: linear
  • lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
  • warmup_ratio: 0.1
  • warmup_steps: 0
  • log_level: passive
  • log_level_replica: warning
  • log_on_each_node: True
  • logging_nan_inf_filter: True
  • save_safetensors: True
  • save_on_each_node: False
  • save_only_model: False
  • restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
  • no_cuda: False
  • use_cpu: False
  • use_mps_device: False
  • seed: 42
  • data_seed: None
  • jit_mode_eval: False
  • use_ipex: False
  • bf16: False
  • fp16: True
  • fp16_opt_level: O1
  • half_precision_backend: auto
  • bf16_full_eval: False
  • fp16_full_eval: False
  • tf32: None
  • local_rank: 0
  • ddp_backend: None
  • tpu_num_cores: None
  • tpu_metrics_debug: False
  • debug: []
  • dataloader_drop_last: False
  • dataloader_num_workers: 0
  • dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
  • past_index: -1
  • disable_tqdm: False
  • remove_unused_columns: True
  • label_names: None
  • load_best_model_at_end: False
  • ignore_data_skip: False
  • fsdp: []
  • fsdp_min_num_params: 0
  • fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
  • fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
  • accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
  • deepspeed: None
  • label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
  • optim: adamw_torch
  • optim_args: None
  • adafactor: False
  • group_by_length: False
  • length_column_name: length
  • ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
  • ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
  • ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
  • dataloader_pin_memory: True
  • dataloader_persistent_workers: False
  • skip_memory_metrics: True
  • use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
  • push_to_hub: False
  • resume_from_checkpoint: None
  • hub_model_id: None
  • hub_strategy: every_save
  • hub_private_repo: None
  • hub_always_push: False
  • hub_revision: None
  • gradient_checkpointing: False
  • gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
  • include_inputs_for_metrics: False
  • include_for_metrics: []
  • eval_do_concat_batches: True
  • fp16_backend: auto
  • push_to_hub_model_id: None
  • push_to_hub_organization: None
  • mp_parameters:
  • auto_find_batch_size: False
  • full_determinism: False
  • torchdynamo: None
  • ray_scope: last
  • ddp_timeout: 1800
  • torch_compile: False
  • torch_compile_backend: None
  • torch_compile_mode: None
  • include_tokens_per_second: False
  • include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
  • neftune_noise_alpha: None
  • optim_target_modules: None
  • batch_eval_metrics: False
  • eval_on_start: False
  • use_liger_kernel: False
  • liger_kernel_config: None
  • eval_use_gather_object: False
  • average_tokens_across_devices: False
  • prompts: None
  • batch_sampler: batch_sampler
  • multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional
  • router_mapping: {}
  • learning_rate_mapping: {}

Training Logs

Click to expand
Epoch Step Training Loss Validation Loss sts-dev_spearman_cosine sts-test_spearman_cosine
-1 -1 - - 0.3173 -
0.0049 100 8.6795 - - -
0.0098 200 7.0916 - - -
0.0147 300 6.2754 - - -
0.0196 400 5.6468 - - -
0.0245 500 5.1806 - - -
0.0294 600 4.9193 - - -
0.0343 700 4.8224 - - -
0.0393 800 4.688 - - -
0.0442 900 4.5849 - - -
0.0491 1000 4.5054 4.5019 0.3220 -
0.0540 1100 4.4745 - - -
0.0589 1200 4.4241 - - -
0.0638 1300 4.3941 - - -
0.0687 1400 4.3561 - - -
0.0736 1500 4.2871 - - -
0.0785 1600 4.3038 - - -
0.0834 1700 4.2364 - - -
0.0883 1800 4.2433 - - -
0.0932 1900 4.2421 - - -
0.0981 2000 4.118 4.1484 0.3439 -
0.1030 2100 4.1618 - - -
0.1080 2200 4.1264 - - -
0.1129 2300 4.1202 - - -
0.1178 2400 4.0704 - - -
0.1227 2500 4.0588 - - -
0.1276 2600 4.0463 - - -
0.1325 2700 4.0372 - - -
0.1374 2800 4.0293 - - -
0.1423 2900 3.9915 - - -
0.1472 3000 4.002 3.9807 0.3650 -
0.1521 3100 3.9987 - - -
0.1570 3200 3.9888 - - -
0.1619 3300 3.9868 - - -
0.1668 3400 3.9166 - - -
0.1717 3500 3.963 - - -
0.1767 3600 3.9519 - - -
0.1816 3700 3.9177 - - -
0.1865 3800 3.9182 - - -
0.1914 3900 3.8742 - - -
0.1963 4000 3.9431 3.8795 0.4035 -
0.2012 4100 3.8876 - - -
0.2061 4200 3.8561 - - -
0.2110 4300 3.8497 - - -
0.2159 4400 3.8631 - - -
0.2208 4500 3.8035 - - -
0.2257 4600 3.8261 - - -
0.2306 4700 3.8372 - - -
0.2355 4800 3.8258 - - -
0.2404 4900 3.8329 - - -
0.2454 5000 3.7712 3.8027 0.4655 -
0.2503 5100 3.8269 - - -
0.2552 5200 3.768 - - -
0.2601 5300 3.8226 - - -
0.2650 5400 3.785 - - -
0.2699 5500 3.885 - - -
0.2748 5600 3.7768 - - -
0.2797 5700 3.7718 - - -
0.2846 5800 3.7653 - - -
0.2895 5900 3.6842 - - -
0.2944 6000 3.7923 3.7455 0.5044 -
0.2993 6100 3.6947 - - -
0.3042 6200 3.777 - - -
0.3091 6300 3.7484 - - -
0.3140 6400 3.7344 - - -
0.3190 6500 3.6983 - - -
0.3239 6600 3.7292 - - -
0.3288 6700 3.744 - - -
0.3337 6800 3.7059 - - -
0.3386 6900 3.7091 - - -
0.3435 7000 3.6957 3.6971 0.5374 -
0.3484 7100 3.7087 - - -
0.3533 7200 3.6739 - - -
0.3582 7300 3.7184 - - -
0.3631 7400 3.6772 - - -
0.3680 7500 3.6975 - - -
0.3729 7600 3.642 - - -
0.3778 7700 3.6739 - - -
0.3827 7800 3.7022 - - -
0.3877 7900 3.6733 - - -
0.3926 8000 3.6329 3.6604 0.5780 -
0.3975 8100 3.6507 - - -
0.4024 8200 3.7289 - - -
0.4073 8300 3.6692 - - -
0.4122 8400 3.7025 - - -
0.4171 8500 3.677 - - -
0.4220 8600 3.6106 - - -
0.4269 8700 3.6415 - - -
0.4318 8800 3.6768 - - -
0.4367 8900 3.6421 - - -
0.4416 9000 3.6317 3.6268 0.5576 -
0.4465 9100 3.6238 - - -
0.4514 9200 3.689 - - -
0.4564 9300 3.6149 - - -
0.4613 9400 3.6665 - - -
0.4662 9500 3.5821 - - -
0.4711 9600 3.6461 - - -
0.4760 9700 3.5887 - - -
0.4809 9800 3.6255 - - -
0.4858 9900 3.6296 - - -
0.4907 10000 3.6344 3.6002 0.5533 -
0.4956 10100 3.6424 - - -
0.5005 10200 3.6081 - - -
0.5054 10300 3.6397 - - -
0.5103 10400 3.5584 - - -
0.5152 10500 3.6293 - - -
0.5201 10600 3.6165 - - -
0.5251 10700 3.6171 - - -
0.5300 10800 3.5373 - - -
0.5349 10900 3.5654 - - -
0.5398 11000 3.5932 3.5734 0.5747 -
0.5447 11100 3.583 - - -
0.5496 11200 3.5785 - - -
0.5545 11300 3.601 - - -
0.5594 11400 3.6087 - - -
0.5643 11500 3.5732 - - -
0.5692 11600 3.6086 - - -
0.5741 11700 3.5875 - - -
0.5790 11800 3.6021 - - -
0.5839 11900 3.5893 - - -
0.5888 12000 3.5709 3.5515 0.5538 -
0.5937 12100 3.518 - - -
0.5987 12200 3.5438 - - -
0.6036 12300 3.5659 - - -
0.6085 12400 3.585 - - -
0.6134 12500 3.6017 - - -
0.6183 12600 3.5498 - - -
0.6232 12700 3.5396 - - -
0.6281 12800 3.5382 - - -
0.6330 12900 3.5224 - - -
0.6379 13000 3.508 3.5325 0.5721 -
0.6428 13100 3.4896 - - -
0.6477 13200 3.5678 - - -
0.6526 13300 3.581 - - -
0.6575 13400 3.5415 - - -
0.6624 13500 3.5696 - - -
0.6674 13600 3.4861 - - -
0.6723 13700 3.5742 - - -
0.6772 13800 3.4968 - - -
0.6821 13900 3.4915 - - -
0.6870 14000 3.5022 3.5153 0.5573 -
0.6919 14100 3.517 - - -
0.6968 14200 3.5066 - - -
0.7017 14300 3.5019 - - -
0.7066 14400 3.5103 - - -
0.7115 14500 3.4968 - - -
0.7164 14600 3.4643 - - -
0.7213 14700 3.507 - - -
0.7262 14800 3.5323 - - -
0.7311 14900 3.5152 - - -
0.7361 15000 3.5066 3.4975 0.5820 -
0.7410 15100 3.5186 - - -
0.7459 15200 3.5228 - - -
0.7508 15300 3.5193 - - -
0.7557 15400 3.5495 - - -
0.7606 15500 3.4999 - - -
0.7655 15600 3.4594 - - -
0.7704 15700 3.4803 - - -
0.7753 15800 3.5105 - - -
0.7802 15900 3.4946 - - -
0.7851 16000 3.4791 3.4834 0.5795 -
0.7900 16100 3.5171 - - -
0.7949 16200 3.4651 - - -
0.7998 16300 3.4954 - - -
0.8047 16400 3.465 - - -
0.8097 16500 3.4881 - - -
0.8146 16600 3.5276 - - -
0.8195 16700 3.5161 - - -
0.8244 16800 3.4257 - - -
0.8293 16900 3.4918 - - -
0.8342 17000 3.4942 3.4746 0.5747 -
0.8391 17100 3.4783 - - -
0.8440 17200 3.4571 - - -
0.8489 17300 3.4872 - - -
0.8538 17400 3.4986 - - -
0.8587 17500 3.4825 - - -
0.8636 17600 3.4235 - - -
0.8685 17700 3.4714 - - -
0.8734 17800 3.5128 - - -
0.8784 17900 3.4838 - - -
0.8833 18000 3.4997 3.4643 0.5777 -
0.8882 18100 3.4467 - - -
0.8931 18200 3.4836 - - -
0.8980 18300 3.4243 - - -
0.9029 18400 3.4869 - - -
0.9078 18500 3.4759 - - -
0.9127 18600 3.4671 - - -
0.9176 18700 3.4816 - - -
0.9225 18800 3.4661 - - -
0.9274 18900 3.4246 - - -
0.9323 19000 3.4658 3.4567 0.5721 -
0.9372 19100 3.4795 - - -
0.9421 19200 3.4253 - - -
0.9471 19300 3.4798 - - -
0.9520 19400 3.4364 - - -
0.9569 19500 3.4995 - - -
0.9618 19600 3.4943 - - -
0.9667 19700 3.4664 - - -
0.9716 19800 3.4559 - - -
0.9765 19900 3.4111 - - -
0.9814 20000 3.4768 3.4522 0.5782 -
0.9863 20100 3.4748 - - -
0.9912 20200 3.4464 - - -
0.9961 20300 3.5206 - - -
-1 -1 - - - 0.4684

Framework Versions

  • Python: 3.10.18
  • Sentence Transformers: 5.0.0
  • Transformers: 4.53.2
  • PyTorch: 2.7.1+cu126
  • Accelerate: 1.9.0
  • Datasets: 4.0.0
  • Tokenizers: 0.21.2

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

DenoisingAutoEncoderLoss

@inproceedings{wang-2021-TSDAE,
    title = "TSDAE: Using Transformer-based Sequential Denoising Auto-Encoderfor Unsupervised Sentence Embedding Learning",
    author = "Wang, Kexin and Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2021",
    month = nov,
    year = "2021",
    address = "Punta Cana, Dominican Republic",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    pages = "671--688",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.06979",
}