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Joint brief tHe riGHt to fooD AnD inDiGenoUS PeoPLeS Indigenous Peoples’ Right to Food: Legal foundation Indigenous peoples, like everyone else, have a right to adequate food and a fundamental right to be free from hunger.
This is stipulated in Article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICEsCR) of 1966 and constitutes binding international law. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
This means states Parties to the ICEsCR are obliged to implement the right to food domestically, ensuring that it becomes part of their national legal system.
The right to food entitles every person to an economic, political, and social environment that will allow them to achieve food security in dignity through their own means. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
Individuals or groups who do not have the capacity to meet their food needs for reasons beyond their control, such as illness, discrimination, age, unemployment, economic downturn, or natural disaster, are entitled to be provided with food directly.
The obligation to ensure a minimum level necessary to be free from hunger is one of immediate effect.
Various other binding international and non-binding legal instruments protect indigenous peoples’ right to food, directly or indirectly. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
in september 2007, The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples2, adopted is a statement comprehensive the human addressing rights indigenous of peoples.
It emphasizes the rights of indigenous peoples to live in dignity, to maintain and strengthen their own institutions, cultures and traditions and to pursue their self-determined development, in keeping with their own needs and aspirations. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The Declaration contains provisions on land, natural resources and subsistence activities, which are highly relevant for the realization of the right to food, recognizes indigenous peoples’ collective rights and stresses cultural rights.
The Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security (Right to Food Guidelines) provide policy orientation in a number of areas and can be used by indigenous peoples as a tool for advocacy. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
They refer to indigenous communities in the context of access to resources and assets.
In addition, provisions relating to vulnerable groups and disaggregation of data, among others (3.3 on strategies; 7.2 on legal framework; 8.2 and 8.3 on access to resources and assets; 12.3 on national financial resources; 13 on support for vulnerable groups; 14.4 on safety nets; 15.1 on international food aid; 17.2 and 17.5 on monitoring, indicators and benchmarks) are of particular relevance to indigenous peoples. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The Right to Food Guidelines, adopted by the FAO Council in November 2004, are a practical tool reflecting the consensus among FAO members on what needs to be done in all of the most relevant policy areas to promote food security using a human rights based approach.
The Right to Food Guidelines are available on the FAO right to food website: www.fao.org/righttofood. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The right to food as a collective right The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states that indigenous peoples have the right to fully enjoy as a collective or as individuals, all human rights and fundamental freedoms.
With particular regard to the right to food, indigenous representatives on the occasion of the 2002 Global Consultation signed the Declaration of Atitlán3, stating that they were: “... in agreement that the P h o t o b y s . | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
W r e n tHe riGHt to fooD AnD inDiGenoUS PeoPLeS content of the right to food of indigenous peoples is a collective right”.
How can the right to food benefit indigenous peoples?
The adoption of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples brought the universal recognition of the right to food as a collective right one step forward. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
This is already reflected in the preamble of the Declaration which states that “… Indigenous Peoples possess collective rights which are indispensable for their existence, well-being and integral development as peoples.” The right to food is one such indispensable right.
Cultural dimension of the right to food Indigenous peoples’ right to food has a particular cultural dimension which is relevant in terms of food choices, food preparation and acquisition. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
Culturally appropriate foods and the activities to obtain them, such as agriculture, hunting and fishing, form an important part of cultural identity.4 Furthermore, cultural acceptability of food is an element of the normative content of the right to food, and is of particular relevance to indigenous peoples.
Right to Food Guideline 10.10 on nutrition highlights the cultural aspects of nutrition and to indigenous pertains in particular. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
peoples this It a principle practical policy recommendation by states reminding “...of the cultural values of dietary and eating habits in different cultures...” translates into P h o t o b y P. K M a h a n a n d The right to food may be violated in case of denial of access to land, fishing or hunting grounds, deprivation of access to adequate and culturally acceptable food and contamination of food sources. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
some court cases, in which indigenous peoples have been involved, have already illustrated and proven that the right to food provides indigenous peoples with an additional legal argument when claiming their rights or challenging decisions or omissions before administrative authorities or courts.
Indeed, states have particular obligations concerning the right to food of indigenous peoples. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
These include respecting indigenous peoples’ traditional ways of living, strengthening and protecting systems traditional subsistence activities such as hunting, fishing and gathering.
food to in comparison The respect, protection and fulfilment of the right to food as a collective right has an additional value individual rights. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
This additional value is related to the fact that some property rights to lands, territories and resources are held collectively, and subsistence based activities carried out collectively are not only part of indigenous peoples’ cultural identity, but are often essential for their very existence.
The right to food, in its collective dimension, is clearly supplementary to the individual one. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
A collective right to food may imply, for example: • An obligation by the state to respect collective property rights over lands, territories and resources, the right to culture and the right to self determination (including the right to pursue own economic, cultural and social development) • An obligation by the state to protect certain activities that are essential to obtaining food (e.g. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
agriculture, hunting, fishing); and • An obligation by the state to provide or ensure a minimum level of essential food that is culturally appropriate.
Under the right to food, states are also responsible for ensuring the application of general human rights principles to indigenous peoples, both in their food and nutrition security policies and other policies that may affect their access to food. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The right to food does not only address the final outcome of eliminating hunger and ensuring food security, but provides a holistic tool and approach for indigenous peoples to improve their food security situation. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The rights based approach, normatively based on international human rights standards, determines “Ogoni Case”: SERAC (The Social and Economic Rights Action Centre) and CESR (The Center for Economic and Social Rights) v. Nigeria One illustrative case for the significance of the right to food for empowerment, advocacy and litigation is a decision by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights regarding a complaint brought by SERAC and CESR against Nigeria.5 The complaint alleged the military Government of Nigeria of violating human rights of the Ogoni people. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC), the state oil company, formed a joint venture with shell Petroleum Development Corporation (sPDC) whose activities in the Ogoni region allegedly caused environmental degradation, health problems among the Ogoni people and a destruction of food sources, resulting from the contamination of soil, water and air. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
In its decision, the African Commission found several violations of the African Charter, including a violation of the right to food, which is implicit in the right to life, the right to health and the right to economic, social and cultural development.
The African Commission argued that the minimum core of the right to food requires the Nigerian Government to not destroy or contaminate food sources. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
Furthermore it found that the Government has a duty to protect its citizens, not only through appropriate legislation and effective enforcement but also by protecting them from damaging acts that may be perpetrated by private parties and by preventing peoples’ efforts to feed themselves.
in the food security context the relationship between indigenous groups and individuals as rights holders and the state with correlative obligations as a duty bearer. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
These human rights principles include participation, accountability, non-discrimination, transparency, human dignity, empowerment and the rule of law.
A rights based approach requires particular attention to indigenous peoples’ specific circumstances and concerns.
Applied to the right to food in practice, this means that indigenous peoples must be engaged and particularly supported in processes that determine food security and related policies, legislation and decisions. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
states should provide space for participation in the setting of verifiable targets and benchmarks for subsequent monitoring and accountability of food security.
With regards to non-discrimination, governments should also ensure that data is disaggregated by age, sex and ethnicity.
This information should then be used for the development, design, implementation and monitoring of more appropriate food and nutrition policies, which address the needs of all groups, including indigenous peoples. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
What is the relation between the right to food and food sovereignty?
The concepts of the right to food and food sovereignty are related.
The clarification of their content is particularly necessary in the context of indigenous peoples because these terms are often mentioned together and interchangeably in different statements and documents.6 human The right to food is a legal concept a human right and in the case of its violation, remedies can be claimed where available. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
Food sovereignty is a political concept; there is no existing international right corresponding to the right to food sovereignty.
However, the two concepts have some common elements, and food sovereignty includes calls for the realization of the right to food.
The claim of food sovereignty campaigners is for emphasis on local and national production and the right of peoples to freely define their own food and agricultural policies.
P h o t o b y s . | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
P h o t o b y s .
M o d o l a / I R I N Joint brief Food sovereignty and the right to food are often complementary.
For example, the right to food as a human right implies the application of the participatory approach to food security on the basis of the human rights principle of participation.
This signifies that participating population groups and individuals, including indigenous peoples, can shape strategies, policies and programmes promoting the realisation of right to food. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
Thus right to food mechanisms can be used for the promotion of food sovereignty claims when this contributes to regular, permanent and unrestricted access to quantitatively and qualitatively adequate and sufficient food.
The right to food has both a cultural and a sustainability dimension.
While it can be argued that local production is more sustainable, the right to food does not otherwise prescribe methods of production or of trade.
What are some of the challenges that need to be addressed? | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The process of clarifying the implications of the right of indigenous peoples to adequate food has just started.
Laws and policies need to be put into practice to ensure that indigenous peoples fully enjoy the right to food.
Indigenous peoples must assert their human rights, including the right to food and exert pressure on states and their officials to meet human rights obligations and commitments. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
states on the other hand are required to respect and protect indigenous peoples’ unique cultural identities and special concerns when realising their right to food.
Increased awareness and capacity of both rights holders and duty bearers is necessary for rights to be realized.
The right to food is an important tool for indigenous peoples to bring about real change in their lives and to negotiate power structures.
Endnotes 1 see also definition of right to adequate food in General Comment 12. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
Committee on Economic, social and Cultural Rights (twentieth session 1999).
12 May 1999.
UN doc.
E/C.12/1999/5, para.
8.
The definition of the right to food builds on the now commonly used definition of food security of the World Food summit 1996 and its four main pillars (availability, access, utilization and stability).
2 General Assembly resolution A/REs/61/295, 13 september 2007.
3 Indigenous Peoples’ Consultation on the Right to Food.
A Global Consultation. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
A Global Consultation.
Atitlán, sololá, Guatemala April 17-19 2002.
4 In 2004, the International Indian Treaty Council conducted a survey amongst indigenous peoples to ascertain cultural indicators for sustainable agricultural development.
The survey showed the importance of traditional foods to indigenous peoples cultures and identities.
5 social and Economic Rights Action Center & the Center for Economic and social Rights v. Nigeria.
Cited as: Communication No.
155/96. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
Cited as: Communication No.
155/96.
6 see Declaration of the Forum for Food sovereignty, Nyéléni 2007, available at http://www.nyeleni2007.org/spip.
php?article290.
It states that food sovereignty means defending and recovering the territories of Indigenous Peoples and ensuring fishing communities’ access to and control over their fishing area and ecosystems. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The declaration defines food sovereignty as the peoples’, countries’ or state unions’ “right” to define their agricultural and food policy, without any dumping vis-à-vis third countries. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
L a y o u t b y T o m a s o L e z z i Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Right to Food Unit Economic and Social Development Department viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy Tel: +39 06 57055149 Fax: +39 06 57053712 www.fao.org/righttofood Email: righttofood@fao.org Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues United Nations, 2 UN Plaza Room DC2-1454, New York, NY, 10017 Tel: 1 917 367 5100 Fax: 1 917 367 5102 http://un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/ Email: indigenouspermanentforum@un.org Prepared by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Right to Food Unit in collaboration with Division for Social Policy and Development, Secretariat of the Permanent Forum of Indigenous People FAO and UN Rome and New York 2008 © F A O a n d U N P F I I | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
© 2015 United Nations All rights reserved worldwide Illustrations by Yacine Ait Kaci (YAK) This illustrated edition of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is published by the United Nations in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
This illustrated edition of the UDHR was created and designed in a partnership between the artist Yacine Ait Kaci (YAK) creator of Elyx, the United Nations Regional information Centre (UNRIC), and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights - Regional Office for Europe (OHCHR).
This illustrated edition of the UDHR may be reproduced and/or trans- lated in whole or in part without prior permission provided that it be distributed at no cost (free distribution). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
Publishers are required to remove the United Nations emblem from their edition and include proper credits.
Translations must bear the following disclaimer: “The present work is an unofficial translation for which the publisher accepts full responsibility.” All requests to sell excerpts, photocopies, reprints, translations of this illustrated edition of the UDHR should be addressed to permissions@un.org. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
The drawings by YAK included in this illustrated edition of the UDHR are protected by copyright and can only be reproduced to illustrate the text of the UDHR.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights remains as relevant today as it was on the day in 1948 that it was proclaimed and adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
The extraordi- nary vision and resolve of the drafters produced a document that, for the first time, articulated the rights and freedoms to which every human being is equally and inalienably entitled.
Now available in more than 360 languages, the Declaration is the most translated document in the world — a testament to its global nature and reach.
It has become a yardstick by which we measure right and wrong. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
It provides a founda- tion for a just and decent future for all, and has given people everywhere a powerful tool in the fight against oppression, impunity and affronts to human dignity.
i i i UNITEDNATIONS| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Foreword UNITED NATIONS i v The commitment of the United Nations to human rights stems from the Organization’s founding Charter.
The international community has a duty to uphold and defend these rights. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
Let us ensure that those people who most need their rights protected are made aware that this Decla- ration exists — and that it exists for them.
Let us each do our part to make these universal rights a living reality for every man, woman and child, everywhere.
BAN Ki-moon Secretary-General | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Foreword Introduction In perhaps the most resonant and beautiful words of any international agreement, “all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights”. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
The commitments made by all States in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are in themselves a mighty achievement, discredit- ing the tyranny, discrimination and contempt for human beings that have marked human history.
The Universal Declaration promises to all the economic, social, political, cultural and civic rights that underpin a life free from want and fear.
They are not a reward for good behaviour.
They are not country-specific, or particular to a certain era or social group. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
They are the inalien- able entitlements of all people, at all times, and in all places — people of every colour, from every race and ethnic group; whether or not they are v UNITEDNATIONS| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | UNITED NATIONS v i disabled; citizens or migrants; no matter their sex, their class, their caste, their creed, their age or sexual orientation.
Human rights abuses did not end when the Univer- sal Declaration was adopted. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
But since then, count- less people have gained greater freedom.
Violations have been prevented; independence and autonomy have been attained.
Many people – though not all – have been able to secure freedom from torture, unjustified imprisonment, summary execution, enforced disappearance, persecution and unjust discrimination, as well as fair access to education, economic opportunities, and adequate resources and health-care. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
They have obtained justice for wrongs, and national and international protection for their rights, through the strong architecture of the international human rights legal system.
| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Introduction The power of the Universal Declaration is the power of ideas to change the world.
It inspires us to continue working to ensure that all people can gain freedom, equality and dignity. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
One vital aspect of this task is to empower people to demand what should be guaranteed: their human rights.
This booklet constitutes a modest but significant contribution to that work. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein UN High Commissioner for Human Rights v i i UNITEDNATIONS| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Introduction Preamble Universal Declaration of Human Rights Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law, 1 UNITEDNATIONS| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | UNITED NATIONS 2 Whereas it is essential to promote the develop- ment of friendly relations between nations, Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and obser- vance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge, | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights Now, therefore, The General Assembly proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
3 UNITEDNATIONS| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 4 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 02 Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, poli- tical or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, juris- dictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
6 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 03 Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
8 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 04 No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
10 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 05 No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
12 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 06 Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
14 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law.
All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 16 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 08 Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribu- nals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the consti tution or by law.
18 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
2 0 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an indepen- dent and impartial tribunal, in the deter- mination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 2 2 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
UNITED NATIONS 2 4 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation.
Every- one has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 2 6 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State.
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
UNITED NATIONS 2 8 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
UNITED NATIONS 3 0 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 3 2 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family.
They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
(3) The family is the natural and funda- mental group unit of society and is enti- tled to protection by society and the State.
UNITED NATIONS 3 4 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in associa- tion with others.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 3 6 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 8 Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
3 8 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions with- out interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
UNITED NATIONS 4 0 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 20 (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
4 2 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
(2) Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 4 4 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 22 Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is enti- tled to realization, through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
4 6 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
(2) Everyone, without any discrimi- nation, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
UNITED NATIONS 23 4 8 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, includ ing reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
5 0 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 25 (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
All chil- dren, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
5 2 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 26 5 4 (1) Everyone has the right to education.
Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and funda mental stages.
Elementary education shall be compul- sory.
Technical and professional educa- tion shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human person- ality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental free- doms.
It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 5 6 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 28 Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declara- tion can be fully realized.
5 8 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full develop- ment of his personality is possible. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
(2) In the exercise of his rights and free- doms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of moral- ity, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 6 0 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 30 Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
6 2 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Designed by the Graphic Design Unit, Department of Public Information, United Nations United Nations United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples United Nations Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 13 September 2007 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/61/L.67 and Add.1)] 61/295. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples The General Assembly, Taking note of the recommendation of the Human Rights Council contained its resolution 1/2 of 29 June 20061, by which the Council adopted the text of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, in Recalling its resolution 61/178 of 20 December 2006, by which it decided to defer consideration of and action on the Declaration to allow time for further consultations thereon, and also decided to conclude its consideration before the end of the sixty-first session of the General Assembly, 1 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-first Session, Supplement No. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
53 (A/61/53), part one, chap.
II, sect.
A.
1 Adopts the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples as contained in the annex to the present resolution. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
107th plenary meeting 13 September 2007 Annex United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples The General Assembly, Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and good faith in the fulfilment of the obligations assumed by States in accordance with the Charter, Affirming that indigenous peoples are equal to all other peoples, while recognizing the right of all peoples to be different, to consider themselves different, and to be respected as such, Affirming also that all peoples contribute to the diversity and richness of civilizations and cultures, which constitute the common heritage of hu- mankind, 2 Affirming further that all doctrines, policies and practices based on or advocating superiority of peoples or individuals on the basis of national origin or racial, religious, ethnic or cultural differ- ences are racist, scientifically false, legally invalid, morally condemnable and socially unjust, Reaffirming that indigenous peoples, in the exer- cise of their rights, should be free from discrimi- nation of any kind, Concerned that indigenous peoples have suffered from historic injustices as a result of, inter alia, their colonization and dispossession of their lands, ter- ritories and resources, thus preventing them from exercising, in particular, their right to development in accordance with their own needs and interests, Recognizing the urgent need to respect and promote the inherent rights of indigenous peo- ples which derive from their political, economic and social structures and from their cultures, spiritual traditions, histories and philosophies, especially their rights to their lands, territories and resources, Recognizing also the urgent need to respect and promote the rights of indigenous peoples 3 affirmed in treaties, agreements and other con- structive arrangements with States, Welcoming the fact that indigenous peoples are organizing themselves for political, economic, social and cultural enhancement and in order to bring to an end all forms of | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
and in order to bring to an end all forms of discrimination and op- pression wherever they occur, Convinced that control by indigenous peoples over developments affecting them and their lands, territories and resources will enable them to maintain and strengthen their institutions, cul- tures and traditions, and to promote their devel- opment in accordance with their aspirations and needs, Recognizing that respect for indigenous knowl- edge, cultures and traditional practices contrib- utes to sustainable and equitable development and proper management of the environment, Emphasizing the contribution of the demilitariza- tion of the lands and territories of indigenous peoples to peace, economic and social progress and development, understanding and friendly re- lations among nations and peoples of the world, 4 Recognizing in particular the right of indigenous families and communities to retain shared re- sponsibility for the upbringing, training, educa- tion and well-being of their children, consistent with the rights of the child, Considering that the rights affirmed in treaties, agreements and other constructive arrange- ments between States and indigenous peoples are, in some situations, matters of international concern, interest, responsibility and character, Considering also that treaties, agreements and other constructive arrangements, and the re- lationship they represent, are the basis for a strengthened partnership between indigenous peoples and States, Acknowledging that the Charter of the United Nations, the International Covenant on Econom- ic, Social and Cultural Rights2 and the Interna- tional Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,2 as well as the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action,3 affirm the fundamental importance of the right to self-determination of all peoples, by 2 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
3 A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap.
III. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
5 virtue of which they freely determine their politi- cal status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development, Bearing in mind that nothing in this Declaration may be used to deny any peoples their right to self-determination, exercised in conformity with international law, Convinced that the recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples in this Declaration will en- hance harmonious and cooperative relations be- tween the State and indigenous peoples, based on principles of justice, democracy, respect for human rights, non-discrimination and good faith, Encouraging States to comply with and effective- ly implement all their obligations as they apply to indigenous peoples under international instru- ments, in particular those related to human rights, in consultation and cooperation with the peoples concerned, Emphasizing that the United Nations has an important and continuing role to play in pro- moting and protecting the rights of indigenous peoples, 6 Believing that this Declaration is a further important step forward for the recognition, promotion and protection of the rights and freedoms of indigenous peoples and in the development of relevant activities of the United Nations system in this field, Recognizing and reaffirming that indigenous individuals are entitled without discrimination to all human rights recognized in international law, and that indigenous peoples possess collective rights which are indispensable for their existence, well-being and integral development as peoples, Recognizing that the situation of indigenous peoples varies from region to region and from country to country and that the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical and cultural backgrounds should be taken into consideration, Solemnly proclaims the following United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples as a standard of achievement to be pursued in a spirit of partnership and mutual respect: Article 1 Indigenous peoples have the right to the full en- joyment, as a collective or as individuals, of all 7 human rights and fundamental freedoms as rec- ognized in the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights4 and in- ternational human rights law. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 2 Indigenous peoples and individuals are free and equal to all other peoples and individuals and have the right to be free from any kind of discrim- ination, in the exercise of their rights, in particular that based on their indigenous origin or identity.
Article 3 Indigenous peoples have the right to self-deter- mination.
By virtue of that right they freely deter- mine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 4 Indigenous peoples, in exercising their right to self-determination, have the right to autonomy or self-government in matters relating to their inter- nal and local affairs, as well as ways and means for financing their autonomous functions.
4 Resolution 217 A (III). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
4 Resolution 217 A (III).
8 Article 5 Indigenous peoples have the right to maintain and strengthen their distinct political, legal, eco- nomic, social and cultural institutions, while re- taining their right to participate fully, if they so choose, in the political, economic, social and cul- tural life of the State.
Article 6 Every indigenous individual has the right to a na- tionality.
Article 7 1. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 7 1.
Indigenous individuals have the rights to life, physical and mental integrity, liberty and secu- rity of person.
2.
Indigenous peoples have the collective right to live in freedom, peace and security as distinct peoples and shall not be subjected to any act of genocide or any other act of violence, including forcibly removing children of the group to an- other group.
9 Article 8 1. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
9 Article 8 1.
Indigenous peoples and individuals have the right not to be subjected to forced assimilation or destruction of their culture.
2. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integra- tion; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to pro- mote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
10 Article 9 Indigenous peoples and individuals have the right to belong to an indigenous community or nation, in accordance with the traditions and customs of the community or nation concerned.
No discrim- ination of any kind may arise from the exercise of such a right.
Article 10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Article 11 1.
Indigenous peoples have the right to practise and revitalize their cultural traditions and cus- toms. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
This includes the right to maintain, pro- tect and develop the past, present and future manifestations of their cultures, such as ar- chaeological and historical sites, artefacts, de- signs, ceremonies, technologies and visual and performing arts and literature.
11 2. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
11 2.
States shall provide redress through effective mechanisms, which may include restitution, developed indigenous in conjunction with peoples, with respect to their cultural, intellec- tual, religious and spiritual property taken with- out their free, prior and informed consent or in violation of their laws, traditions and customs.
Article 12 1. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 12 1.
Indigenous peoples have the right to manifest, practise, develop and teach their spiritual and religious traditions, customs and ceremonies; the right to maintain, protect, and have access in privacy to their religious and cultural sites; the right to the use and control of their ceremo- nial objects; and the right to the repatriation of their human remains.
2. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
2.
States shall seek to enable the access and/or repatriation of ceremonial objects and human remains in their possession through fair, trans- parent and effective mechanisms developed in conjunction with indigenous peoples concerned.
Article 13 1. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 13 1.
Indigenous peoples have the right to revitalize, use, develop and transmit to future genera- 12 tions their histories, languages, oral traditions, philosophies, writing systems and literatures, and to designate and retain their own names for communities, places and persons.
2. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
2.
States shall take effective measures to ensure that this right is protected and also to ensure that indigenous peoples can understand and be understood in political, legal and adminis- trative proceedings, where necessary through the provision of interpretation or by other ap- propriate means.
Article 14 1. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 14 1.
Indigenous peoples have the right to establish and control their educational systems and in- stitutions providing education in their own lan- guages, in a manner appropriate to their cultur- al methods of teaching and learning.
2.
Indigenous individuals, particularly children, have the right to all levels and forms of educa- tion of the State without discrimination.
3. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
3.
States shall, in conjunction with indigenous peo- ples, take effective measures, in order for indige- nous individuals, particularly children, including 13 those living outside their communities, to have access, when possible, to an education in their own culture and provided in their own language.
Article 15 1. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 15 1.
Indigenous peoples have the right to the dig- nity and diversity of their cultures, traditions, histories and aspirations which shall be appro- priately reflected in education and public infor- mation.
2.
States shall take effective measures, in consultation and cooperation with the indigenous peoples concerned, to combat prejudice and eliminate discrimination and to promote tolerance, understanding and good relations among indigenous peoples and all other segments of society. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 16 1.
Indigenous peoples have the right to establish their own media in their own languages and to have access to all forms of non-indigenous me- dia without discrimination.
2.
States shall take effective measures to ensure that State-owned media duly reflect indigenous 14 cultural diversity.
States, without prejudice to ensuring full freedom of expression, should en- courage privately owned media to adequately reflect indigenous cultural diversity.
Article 17 1. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
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