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Joint brief tHe riGHt to fooD AnD inDiGenoUS PeoPLeS Indigenous Peoples’ Right to Food: Legal foundation Indigenous peoples, like everyone else, have a right to adequate food and a fundamental right to be free from hunger.
This is stipulated in Article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
This means states Parties to the ICEsCR are obliged to implement the right to food domestically, ensuring that it becomes part of their national legal system.
The right to food entitles every person to an economic, political, and social environment that will allow them to achieve food security in dignity through their... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
Individuals or groups who do not have the capacity to meet their food needs for reasons beyond their control, such as illness, discrimination, age, unemployment, economic downturn, or natural disaster, are entitled to be provided with food directly.
The obligation to ensure a minimum level necessary to be free from hu... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
in september 2007, The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples2, adopted is a statement comprehensive the human addressing rights indigenous of peoples.
It emphasizes the rights of indigenous peoples to live in dignity, to maintain and strengthen their own institutions, cultures and traditions and to pursue... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The Declaration contains provisions on land, natural resources and subsistence activities, which are highly relevant for the realization of the right to food, recognizes indigenous peoples’ collective rights and stresses cultural rights.
The Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to A... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
They refer to indigenous communities in the context of access to resources and assets.
In addition, provisions relating to vulnerable groups and disaggregation of data, among others (3.3 on strategies; 7.2 on legal framework; 8.2 and 8.3 on access to resources and assets; 12.3 on national financial resources; 13 on su... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The Right to Food Guidelines, adopted by the FAO Council in November 2004, are a practical tool reflecting the consensus among FAO members on what needs to be done in all of the most relevant policy areas to promote food security using a human rights based approach.
The Right to Food Guidelines are available on the FA... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The right to food as a collective right The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states that indigenous peoples have the right to fully enjoy as a collective or as individuals, all human rights and fundamental freedoms.
With particular regard to the right to food, indigenous representatives on the occasi... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
W r e n tHe riGHt to fooD AnD inDiGenoUS PeoPLeS content of the right to food of indigenous peoples is a collective right”.
How can the right to food benefit indigenous peoples?
The adoption of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples brought the universal recognition of the right to food as a collectiv... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
This is already reflected in the preamble of the Declaration which states that “… Indigenous Peoples possess collective rights which are indispensable for their existence, well-being and integral development as peoples.” The right to food is one such indispensable right.
Cultural dimension of the right to food Indigen... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
Culturally appropriate foods and the activities to obtain them, such as agriculture, hunting and fishing, form an important part of cultural identity.4 Furthermore, cultural acceptability of food is an element of the normative content of the right to food, and is of particular relevance to indigenous peoples.
Right to... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
peoples this It a principle practical policy recommendation by states reminding “...of the cultural values of dietary and eating habits in different cultures...” translates into P h o t o b y P. K M a h a n a n d The right to food may be violated in case of denial of access to land, fishing or hunting grounds, deprivat... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
some court cases, in which indigenous peoples have been involved, have already illustrated and proven that the right to food provides indigenous peoples with an additional legal argument when claiming their rights or challenging decisions or omissions before administrative authorities or courts.
Indeed, states have pa... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
These include respecting indigenous peoples’ traditional ways of living, strengthening and protecting systems traditional subsistence activities such as hunting, fishing and gathering.
food to in comparison The respect, protection and fulfilment of the right to food as a collective right has an additional value indivi... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
This additional value is related to the fact that some property rights to lands, territories and resources are held collectively, and subsistence based activities carried out collectively are not only part of indigenous peoples’ cultural identity, but are often essential for their very existence.
The right to food, in... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
A collective right to food may imply, for example: • An obligation by the state to respect collective property rights over lands, territories and resources, the right to culture and the right to self determination (including the right to pursue own economic, cultural and social development) • An obligation by the state... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
agriculture, hunting, fishing); and • An obligation by the state to provide or ensure a minimum level of essential food that is culturally appropriate.
Under the right to food, states are also responsible for ensuring the application of general human rights principles to indigenous peoples, both in their food and nutr... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The right to food does not only address the final outcome of eliminating hunger and ensuring food security, but provides a holistic tool and approach for indigenous peoples to improve their food security situation. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The rights based approach, normatively based on international human rights standards, determines “Ogoni Case”: SERAC (The Social and Economic Rights Action Centre) and CESR (The Center for Economic and Social Rights) v. Nigeria One illustrative case for the significance of the right to food for empowerment, advocacy an... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC), the state oil company, formed a joint venture with shell Petroleum Development Corporation (sPDC) whose activities in the Ogoni region allegedly caused environmental degradation, health problems among the Ogoni people and a destruction of food sources, resulting from the ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
In its decision, the African Commission found several violations of the African Charter, including a violation of the right to food, which is implicit in the right to life, the right to health and the right to economic, social and cultural development.
The African Commission argued that the minimum core of the right t... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
Furthermore it found that the Government has a duty to protect its citizens, not only through appropriate legislation and effective enforcement but also by protecting them from damaging acts that may be perpetrated by private parties and by preventing peoples’ efforts to feed themselves.
in the food security context t... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
These human rights principles include participation, accountability, non-discrimination, transparency, human dignity, empowerment and the rule of law.
A rights based approach requires particular attention to indigenous peoples’ specific circumstances and concerns.
Applied to the right to food in practice, this means ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
states should provide space for participation in the setting of verifiable targets and benchmarks for subsequent monitoring and accountability of food security.
With regards to non-discrimination, governments should also ensure that data is disaggregated by age, sex and ethnicity.
This information should then be used... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
What is the relation between the right to food and food sovereignty?
The concepts of the right to food and food sovereignty are related.
The clarification of their content is particularly necessary in the context of indigenous peoples because these terms are often mentioned together and interchangeably in different s... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
Food sovereignty is a political concept; there is no existing international right corresponding to the right to food sovereignty.
However, the two concepts have some common elements, and food sovereignty includes calls for the realization of the right to food.
The claim of food sovereignty campaigners is for emphasis... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
P h o t o b y s .
M o d o l a / I R I N Joint brief Food sovereignty and the right to food are often complementary.
For example, the right to food as a human right implies the application of the participatory approach to food security on the basis of the human rights principle of participation.
This signifies that p... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
Thus right to food mechanisms can be used for the promotion of food sovereignty claims when this contributes to regular, permanent and unrestricted access to quantitatively and qualitatively adequate and sufficient food.
The right to food has both a cultural and a sustainability dimension.
While it can be argued that... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The process of clarifying the implications of the right of indigenous peoples to adequate food has just started.
Laws and policies need to be put into practice to ensure that indigenous peoples fully enjoy the right to food.
Indigenous peoples must assert their human rights, including the right to food and exert pres... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
states on the other hand are required to respect and protect indigenous peoples’ unique cultural identities and special concerns when realising their right to food.
Increased awareness and capacity of both rights holders and duty bearers is necessary for rights to be realized.
The right to food is an important tool f... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
Committee on Economic, social and Cultural Rights (twentieth session 1999).
12 May 1999.
UN doc.
E/C.12/1999/5, para.
8.
The definition of the right to food builds on the now commonly used definition of food security of the World Food summit 1996 and its four main pillars (availability, access, utilization and sta... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
A Global Consultation.
Atitlán, sololá, Guatemala April 17-19 2002.
4 In 2004, the International Indian Treaty Council conducted a survey amongst indigenous peoples to ascertain cultural indicators for sustainable agricultural development.
The survey showed the importance of traditional foods to indigenous peoples c... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
Cited as: Communication No.
155/96.
6 see Declaration of the Forum for Food sovereignty, Nyéléni 2007, available at http://www.nyeleni2007.org/spip.
php?article290.
It states that food sovereignty means defending and recovering the territories of Indigenous Peoples and ensuring fishing communities’ access to and co... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
The declaration defines food sovereignty as the peoples’, countries’ or state unions’ “right” to define their agricultural and food policy, without any dumping vis-à-vis third countries. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
L a y o u t b y T o m a s o L e z z i Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Right to Food Unit Economic and Social Development Department viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy Tel: +39 06 57055149 Fax: +39 06 57053712 www.fao.org/righttofood Email: righttofood@fao.org Secretariat of the P... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769312927.pdf | https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/Right_to_food.pdf |
© 2015 United Nations All rights reserved worldwide Illustrations by Yacine Ait Kaci (YAK) This illustrated edition of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is published by the United Nations in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
This illustrated edition of the UDHR was created and designed in a partnership between the artist Yacine Ait Kaci (YAK) creator of Elyx, the United Nations Regional information Centre (UNRIC), and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights - Regional Office for Europe (OHCHR).
This illustrated... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
Publishers are required to remove the United Nations emblem from their edition and include proper credits.
Translations must bear the following disclaimer: “The present work is an unofficial translation for which the publisher accepts full responsibility.” All requests to sell excerpts, photocopies, reprints, translat... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
The drawings by YAK included in this illustrated edition of the UDHR are protected by copyright and can only be reproduced to illustrate the text of the UDHR.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights remains as relevant today as it was on the day in 1948 that it was proclaimed and adopted by the United Nations Genera... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
The extraordi- nary vision and resolve of the drafters produced a document that, for the first time, articulated the rights and freedoms to which every human being is equally and inalienably entitled.
Now available in more than 360 languages, the Declaration is the most translated document in the world — a testament t... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
It provides a founda- tion for a just and decent future for all, and has given people everywhere a powerful tool in the fight against oppression, impunity and affronts to human dignity.
i i i UNITEDNATIONS| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Foreword UNITED NATIONS i v The commitment of the United Nations to huma... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
Let us ensure that those people who most need their rights protected are made aware that this Decla- ration exists — and that it exists for them.
Let us each do our part to make these universal rights a living reality for every man, woman and child, everywhere.
BAN Ki-moon Secretary-General | Universal Declaration of... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
The commitments made by all States in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are in themselves a mighty achievement, discredit- ing the tyranny, discrimination and contempt for human beings that have marked human history.
The Universal Declaration promises to all the economic, social, political, cultural and civic ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
They are the inalien- able entitlements of all people, at all times, and in all places — people of every colour, from every race and ethnic group; whether or not they are v UNITEDNATIONS| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | UNITED NATIONS v i disabled; citizens or migrants; no matter their sex, their class, their c... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
But since then, count- less people have gained greater freedom.
Violations have been prevented; independence and autonomy have been attained.
Many people – though not all – have been able to secure freedom from torture, unjustified imprisonment, summary execution, enforced disappearance, persecution and unjust discri... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
They have obtained justice for wrongs, and national and international protection for their rights, through the strong architecture of the international human rights legal system.
| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Introduction The power of the Universal Declaration is the power of ideas to change the world.
It... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
One vital aspect of this task is to empower people to demand what should be guaranteed: their human rights.
This booklet constitutes a modest but significant contribution to that work. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein UN High Commissioner for Human Rights v i i UNITEDNATIONS| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Introduction Preamble Universal Declaration of Human Rights Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
3 UNITEDNATIONS| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 4 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 02 Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, poli- tical or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, juris- dictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
6 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
8 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 04 No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
10 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 05 No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or deg... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
14 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law.
All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 16 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 08 Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribu- nals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the consti tution or by law.
18 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NAT... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
2 0 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an indepen- dent and impartial tribunal, in the deter- mination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 2 2 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offe... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
UNITED NATIONS 2 4 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 2 6 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State.
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
UNITED NATIONS 2 8 | Universal Declaration of Human R... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
UNITED NATIONS 3 0 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
(2) No one shall be ar... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 3 2 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family.
They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
(2) Marriage shall b... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
(3) The family is the natural and funda- mental group unit of society and is enti- tled to protection by society and the State.
UNITED NATIONS 3 4 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in associa- tion with others.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 3 6 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 8 Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his relig... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
3 8 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions with- out interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
UNITED NATIONS 4 0 | Universal Decl... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
4 2 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
(2) Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 4 4 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 22 Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is enti- tled to realization, through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the ec... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
4 6 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
(2) Everyone, without any discrimi- nation, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
(3) Everyone who works has th... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
UNITED NATIONS 23 4 8 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 24 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, includ ing reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
5 0 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 25 (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unem... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
All chil- dren, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
5 2 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 26 5 4 (1) Everyone has the right to education.
Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and funda mental stages.
Elementary education shall be co... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human person- ality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental free- doms.
It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nati... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scient... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 5 6 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 28 Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declara- tion can be fully realized.
5 8 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article (1) Everyone has duties to the co... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
(2) In the exercise of his rights and free- doms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of moral- ity, public order and the general welfare in a... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
UNITED NATIONS 6 0 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article UNITED NATIONS 30 Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
6 2 | U... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769330628.pdf | https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf |
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Designed by the Graphic Design Unit, Department of Public Information, United Nations United Nations United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples United Nations Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 13 September 2007 [without refer... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples The General Assembly, Taking note of the recommendation of the Human Rights Council contained its resolution 1/2 of 29 June 20061, by which the Council adopted the text of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, in Recalling its ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
53 (A/61/53), part one, chap.
II, sect.
A.
1 Adopts the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples as contained in the annex to the present resolution. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
107th plenary meeting 13 September 2007 Annex United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples The General Assembly, Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and good faith in the fulfilment of the obligations assumed by States in accordance with the Charter, Affirming t... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
and in order to bring to an end all forms of discrimination and op- pression wherever they occur, Convinced that control by indigenous peoples over developments affecting them and their lands, territories and resources will enable them to maintain and strengthen their institutions, cul- tures and traditions, and to pro... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
3 A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap.
III. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
5 virtue of which they freely determine their politi- cal status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development, Bearing in mind that nothing in this Declaration may be used to deny any peoples their right to self-determination, exercised in conformity with international law, Convinced that the recog... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 2 Indigenous peoples and individuals are free and equal to all other peoples and individuals and have the right to be free from any kind of discrim- ination, in the exercise of their rights, in particular that based on their indigenous origin or identity.
Article 3 Indigenous peoples have the right to self-det... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 4 Indigenous peoples, in exercising their right to self-determination, have the right to autonomy or self-government in matters relating to their inter- nal and local affairs, as well as ways and means for financing their autonomous functions.
4 Resolution 217 A (III). | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
4 Resolution 217 A (III).
8 Article 5 Indigenous peoples have the right to maintain and strengthen their distinct political, legal, eco- nomic, social and cultural institutions, while re- taining their right to participate fully, if they so choose, in the political, economic, social and cul- tural life of the State.
... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 7 1.
Indigenous individuals have the rights to life, physical and mental integrity, liberty and secu- rity of person.
2.
Indigenous peoples have the collective right to live in freedom, peace and security as distinct peoples and shall not be subjected to any act of genocide or any other act of violence, incl... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
9 Article 8 1.
Indigenous peoples and individuals have the right not to be subjected to forced assimilation or destruction of their culture.
2. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territorie... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
10 Article 9 Indigenous peoples and individuals have the right to belong to an indigenous community or nation, in accordance with the traditions and customs of the community or nation concerned.
No discrim- ination of any kind may arise from the exercise of such a right.
Article 10 Indigenous peoples shall not be for... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Article 11 1.
Indigenous peoples have the right to practise and revitalize their cultural traditions and cus... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
This includes the right to maintain, pro- tect and develop the past, present and future manifestations of their cultures, such as ar- chaeological and historical sites, artefacts, de- signs, ceremonies, technologies and visual and performing arts and literature.
11 2. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
11 2.
States shall provide redress through effective mechanisms, which may include restitution, developed indigenous in conjunction with peoples, with respect to their cultural, intellec- tual, religious and spiritual property taken with- out their free, prior and informed consent or in violation of their laws, tradit... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 12 1.
Indigenous peoples have the right to manifest, practise, develop and teach their spiritual and religious traditions, customs and ceremonies; the right to maintain, protect, and have access in privacy to their religious and cultural sites; the right to the use and control of their ceremo- nial objects; an... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
2.
States shall seek to enable the access and/or repatriation of ceremonial objects and human remains in their possession through fair, trans- parent and effective mechanisms developed in conjunction with indigenous peoples concerned.
Article 13 1. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 13 1.
Indigenous peoples have the right to revitalize, use, develop and transmit to future genera- 12 tions their histories, languages, oral traditions, philosophies, writing systems and literatures, and to designate and retain their own names for communities, places and persons.
2. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
2.
States shall take effective measures to ensure that this right is protected and also to ensure that indigenous peoples can understand and be understood in political, legal and adminis- trative proceedings, where necessary through the provision of interpretation or by other ap- propriate means.
Article 14 1. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 14 1.
Indigenous peoples have the right to establish and control their educational systems and in- stitutions providing education in their own lan- guages, in a manner appropriate to their cultur- al methods of teaching and learning.
2.
Indigenous individuals, particularly children, have the right to all lev... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
3.
States shall, in conjunction with indigenous peo- ples, take effective measures, in order for indige- nous individuals, particularly children, including 13 those living outside their communities, to have access, when possible, to an education in their own culture and provided in their own language.
Article 15 1. | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 15 1.
Indigenous peoples have the right to the dig- nity and diversity of their cultures, traditions, histories and aspirations which shall be appro- priately reflected in education and public infor- mation.
2.
States shall take effective measures, in consultation and cooperation with the indigenous peoples ... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
Article 16 1.
Indigenous peoples have the right to establish their own media in their own languages and to have access to all forms of non-indigenous me- dia without discrimination.
2.
States shall take effective measures to ensure that State-owned media duly reflect indigenous 14 cultural diversity.
States, withou... | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1696769332073.pdf | https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf |
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