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Latin American and Caribbean youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development An examination from within the United Nations system Working Group on Youth of the Regional Collaborative Platform for Latin America and the Caribbean Latin American and Caribbean youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: an examination from within the United Nations system Working Group on Youth of the Regional Collaborative Platform for Latin America and the Caribbean This document was prepared within the framework of the Working Group on Youth of the Regional Collaborative Platform for Latin America and the Caribbean. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 116 |
This group is co-chaired by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and includes the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women), the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the United Nations Volunteers (UNV). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 183 |
The document was coordinated by Heidi Ullmann and Daniela Trucco (ECLAC), Gabriela Nones (UNDP) and Pedro Boareto (FAO).
The contributions of the consultant Eleonora Nun in the systematization of the inputs are gratefully acknowledged. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 66 |
Inputs for the different chapters were provided by José Luis Hernández (UNHCR), Andrés Espejo, Ernesto Espíndola, Fabiola Fernández, Eva Hopenhayn and Carlos Kroll (ECLAC), Francesco Carella (ILO), Sonja Caffe (PAHO), Bárbara Ortiz and Miguel Trancozo (UN-Women), Francisco Arellano and Alicia Sánchez Argueta (UNAIDS), Emanuele Sapienza, Javier Blanco, Gonzalo Pizarro, Gloria Manzotti, Lorena Mellado, Juan Pablo Gordillo, Marcela Smutt, Johanna Sáenz and María Cruz González (UNDP), Gloria Ordóñez and Álvaro Zopatti (UNEP), Romina Kasman, Andrés Morales and Carlos Vargas (UNESCO), Alejandra Trossero and María Emilia Numer (UNICEF), Neus Bernabeu and Allán Sánchez (UNFPA), and María José Benitez, Carmen Ramírez and Piera Zuccherin (UNV). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 259 |
United Nations publication LC/TS.2021/74 Distribution: L Copyright © United Nations, 2021 All rights reserved Printed at United Nations, Santiago S.19-01185 This publication should be cited as Working Group on Youth of the Regional Collaborative Platform for Latin America and the Caribbean, “Latin American and Caribbean youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: an examination from within the United Nations system” (LC/TS.2021/74), Santiago, United Nations, 2021. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 127 |
Applications for authorization to reproduce this work in whole or in part should be sent to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Documents and Publications Division, publicaciones.cepal@un.org.
Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and to inform ECLAC of such reproduction. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 85 |
3 Contents Introduction: the 2030 Agenda and the three dimensions that frame the challenges facing young people in Latin America and the Caribbean ................................................................... 7 A. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 41 |
Three dimensions to highlight challenges and opportunities ............................................. 8 The challenge of social inclusion: inequalities and the impact of COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean ........................................................................... 8 1.
2.
The environmental and climate challenge: the context of the new generations in light of the 2030 Agenda ...................................................................................... 10 3. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 92 |
The challenge of governance: young people building peaceful, just and inclusively participatory societies ................................................................11 I.
The SDGs and youth: an empirically based diagnosis ..................................................... 13 A.
Goal 1: poverty among youth is the ultimate expression of exclusion and a barrier to full development ......................................................................................................... 14 B. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 90 |
Goal 2: ensuring young people food security and nutrition requires improving their health and long-term productivity ............................................................................17 C. Goal 3: to sow equality and inclusion, the comprehensive health of young people must be promoted through participatory strategies ........................................................ 21 D. Goal 4: inclusive and equitable quality education is a lever for people’s inclusion and a driver of sustainable development ......................................................................... 26 E. Goal 5: without gender equality there can be no sustainable development ...................... 36 F. Goal 6: access to basic services is an outstanding debt owed to young people in poor households and rural areas .................................................................................. 44 G. Goal 8: decent work is one of the keys to building inclusive paths ahead for young people and has a long-term impact that transcends generations; however, there are obstacles that could be exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic .................................... 46 H. Goal 10: the inequalities affecting youth are unjust, concatenate throughout life and have an intergenerational impact ............................................................................. 49 I. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 263 |
Goal 16: peace, justice and security are necessary conditions for youth inclusion and development; eradicating violence against young people is essential for progress towards sustainable development ............................................................... 50 Latin American and Caribbean youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development... 4 II.
III. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 72 |
Looking to the future: youth participation and investment in young people .................... 57 Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 67 Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 71 Table Table 1 Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Latin America and the Caribbean (23 countries): social investment on young people by government function, around 2000, 2010 and 2019 ............................................. 65 Latin America (18 countries): poverty and extreme poverty, by age group and area of residence, 2010, 2015 and 2018 .............................................................. 15 Latin America (18 countries): people aged 15 to 29 affiliated to or contributing to a pension system, by age group and wage-earning status, 2002, 2014 and 2018 ....... 16 Latin America and the Caribbean: main concerns about the future among young people aged 15 to 29, 2020 .................................................................17 Latin America and the Caribbean: evolution of overweight and obesity among adolescents aged 10 to 19, 1975–2016 ......................................................... 18 Latin America and the Caribbean (39 countries and territories): young people who say there are food shortages in their communities, by sex, age and group they identify with, 2020 ........................................................................................... 20 Latin America and the Caribbean (39 countries and territories): young people stating they do not have the resources to buy food, by sex, age group and group they identify with, 2020 ........................................................................................... 20 Latin America and the Caribbean: number of children, adolescents | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 467 |
the Caribbean: number of children, adolescents and young people aged 0 to 24 living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), by age group, 2010–2019 ......................................................................................... 21 Latin America and the Caribbean: women aged 15 to 19 with correct and comprehensive knowledge about the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 2010–2019 ............................................................................................................... 22 Latin America and the Caribbean (28 countries): gross suicide rates by age group, 2016 .................................................................................................. 24 Latin America and the Caribbean: young people who would like to receive certain health services, 2020 .................................................................................... 25 Latin America and the Caribbean (23 countries): people aged 13 to 15 years who have consumed an alcoholic beverage in the past 30 days, by sex, 2007–2017 .......... 26 Latin America (18 countries): completion of primary education among young people aged 15 to 19,by income quintile and sex, 2002, 2014 and 2018 .................... 27 Latin America (18 countries): secondary school completion among young people aged 20 to 24, by income quintile and sex, 2002, 2014 and 2018 ................... 28 Latin America (18 countries): completion of four-year tertiary education among young people aged 25 to 29, by income quintile and sex, 2002, 2004 and 2008 ........... 30 Latin America and the Caribbean and subregions: young people aged 15 to 24 enrolled in technical and vocational education and training programmes (ISCED levels 2 to 5), compared to global figures, 2018 ............................................ 30 Latin America (6 countries): young people aged 20 to 24 with complete secondary education, by ethnicity or race and sex, around 2018 .............................. 32 Latin America (18 countries): young people aged 20 to 24 with complete | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 525 |
young people aged 20 to 24 with complete secondary education, by area of residence and sex, around 2002, 2014 and 2018 ......... 32 Latin America (4 countries): young people aged 20 to 24 with completed secondary education, by disability status and sex, around 2018 ................................33 Latin American and Caribbean youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development... 5 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Figure 28 Figure 29 Figure 30 Boxes Box 1 Box 2 Box 3 Box 4 Box 5 Box 6 Box 7 Box 8 Box 9 Box 10 Box 11 Box 12 Box 13 Box 14 Box 15 Box 16 Box 17 Box 18 Latin America and the Caribbean (10 countries): adolescent girls and women aged 15 to 29 who have had intimate partners and have experienced physical or sexual violence by a current or former partner in the past 12 months, 2011–2017 .................37 Latin America and the Caribbean (23 countries): women aged 20 to 24 who were married or in a union at age 15 or 18, 2017 ................................................ 39 Latin America and the Caribbean (39 countries and territories): young people aged 15 to 29 responding that their involvement in household chores increased during lockdown, by age group and sex, 2020 .......................................................... 41 Latin America and the Caribbean (30 countries): adolescent fertility rate, 2000 and 2016 ......................................................................................................... 42 Latin America and the Caribbean (19 countries): modern contraceptive use among married or cohabiting women aged 15 to 19, 2008–2018 .............................. 43 Latin America (17 countries): young people aged 15 to 29 with adequate access to drinking water, by area of residence, 2002, 2014 and 2018 ................................... 45 Latin America (17 countries): young people aged 15 to 29 with adequate access to sanitation, 2002, 2014 and 2018 | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 571 |
access to sanitation, 2002, 2014 and 2018 ........................................................................... 46 Latin America (18 countries): unemployment rates by sex and age group, 2002, 2014 and 2018 ................................................................................................ 47 Latin America (18 countries): people neither studying nor employed in the labour market, by age group and sex, 2002, 2014 and 2018 ............................ 48 Latin America (18 countries): opinion of young people aged 15 to 25 regarding how fair income distribution is in their countries, 2018 ............................................. 50 Latin America and the Caribbean (25 countries): homicide rate among men aged 15 to 29, around 2007 and around 2017 ............................................................ 53 Latin America and the Caribbean (23 countries): homicide rate among women aged 15 to 29, around 2007 and around 2017 ............................................................ 53 The role of advertising in food consumption ............................................................ 18 Climate change and food security in rural areas ....................................................... 19 2030 Education for Sustainable Development Road Map ......................................... 35 Legislation against femicide .................................................................................... 38 Joint Inter-Agency Programme to End Child Marriage and Early Unions in Latin America and the Caribbean ......................................................................... 40 Comprehensive sexuality education ......................................................................... 42 Legislation and policies for gender equality and the empowerment of girls and young women ................................................................................................... 44 Security Council resolutions and youth .................................................................... 51 | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 419 |
51 Fighting violence in Colombia and on its border ....................................................... 55 A look at youth exposed to violence in Northern Central America, from an approach based on human vulnerability and resilience ............................... 56 Institutional framework for youth ............................................................................ 58 Toolkit for Young Climate Activists in Latin America and the Caribbean .................... 60 Towards sustainable lifestyles: Anatomy of Action toolkit ........................................ 61 Good Life Goals: information on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) .......... 61 Promoting youth entrepreneurship in Guatemala .................................................... 62 Trash Hack initiative ................................................................................................ 62 Youth Now! | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 169 |
: Latin American and Caribbean adolescents and youth participating through diversity and inclusion ................................................................................ 63 Participation by young people in situations of mobility ............................................ 63 Latin American and Caribbean youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development... 7 Introduction: the 2030 Agenda and the three dimensions that frame the challenges facing young people in Latin America and the Caribbean The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development makes determined commitments to the diversity of young people, to their access to rights and to their ability to exercise them in full. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 129 |
Youth well-being is directly linked to the eradication of poverty and undernutrition, the reduction of inequality, the development of universal social protection systems, gender equality, access to health and education, the pursuit of sustainable economies and an environment that is protected and cared for, access to decent work and the construction of more peaceful and transparent societies. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 71 |
The implementation and progress of the 2030 Agenda stand to have a positive impact on the integral development of the region’s young people if its elements are thought of as a whole, in a universal and comprehensive manner, so that no one is left behind. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 55 |
Young people can clearly contribute innovative solutions to the challenges posed by the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and accelerate progress towards its attainment to the extent that there are venues for their participation and the incorporation of their views and perspectives. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 55 |
In addition, the recently adopted United Nations Youth Strategy “Youth 2030” (United Nations, 2021) provides a general framework to guide the actions of the entire United Nations system and aims to ensure that broader global, regional and national actions are taken to address the needs of young people in all their diversity, to build their capacity for action, to promote their rights and to ensure their participation in the implementation, review and follow-up of the 2030 Agenda and other relevant global agendas and frameworks. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 116 |
Within that framework, the purpose of this document is to review the status of a selection of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets as they affect the youth population of Latin America and the Caribbean and to define lines for future action towards promoting resilient, sustainable and inclusive development among the region’s youth sectors. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 67 |
Young people are at the heart of the 2030 Agenda and, from an intergenerational perspective, attention must be paid to the determining effects that today’s decisions will have on the population’s future situation.
At the same time, the region is currently facing the challenge of capitalizing on its demographic dividend in order to set the foundations for a fairer society in the future. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 86 |
Focusing on young people today is therefore essential from the point of view of solidarity and intergenerational Latin American and Caribbean youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development... 8 responsibility.
Despite this, none of the SDGs refers specifically to youth; instead, concern for young people is a cross-cutting theme in all of them. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 80 |
An analysis of the situation of youth sectors in relation to the SDGs therefore involves examining and analysing each of the Goals individually and identifying regional indicators that can record progress in relation to this specific population.
Data availability is thus one of the main limitations of this exercise.
This document offers proposals for the further development of actions aimed at accelerating the achievement of the 2030 Agenda. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 87 |
It calls for the more determined inclusion of the participation and deliberations of young people from different territories and regions and for endorsing investment in youth as a tool for constructing societies that are more equitable and sustainable.
The purpose of this document is to raise awareness of the challenges and opportunities related to the promotion of the rights of young people and their development in the context of the 2030 Agenda. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 87 |
Another aim is to generate data and arguments to inform the debate and guide the actions of decision makers, civil society representatives and other stakeholders engaged with youth populations, particularly at a time of crisis when recovery and stimulus packages will play a key role with regard to short- and medium-term public policy and investment priorities.
A. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 69 |
A.
Three dimensions to highlight challenges and opportunities In order to cover the full scope of the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs, this document is structured around three major dimensions of challenges and areas of opportunity for Latin American and Caribbean youth: (i) inclusion, (ii) climate change and environmental protection, and (iii) governance. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 75 |
These dimensions of analysis were selected in order to observe the difficulties in attaining the SDGs as regards young people in these areas that pose the greatest challenges in the region.
Latin America and the Caribbean is the world’s most unequal region and it is also facing a profound crisis of governance, evidenced by public distrust of institutions and their frequent inability to handle conflicts. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 82 |
Finally, the effects of climate change are having a major impact in the region, as shown by the increased frequency of extreme weather events.
The challenge of making progress towards achieving the SDGs as they relate to young people falls simultaneously into these three areas.
The problem of inequality and exclusion demands effective and reliable institutions that design inclusive policies based on a development model that is sustainable for present and future generations. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 85 |
Likewise, although these dimensions can structure the analysis in a way that highlights which of these three topics has made the most or least progress, where the greatest difficulties are being faced or which measures could be most effective in addressing the challenges arising in each, the construction of more inclusive, sustainable and resilient societies requires simultaneous progress along all three paths and, therefore, cross-sectoral collaboration efforts. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 83 |
The identification of the three dimensions thus serves to underscore the constant need to monitor progress towards the SDGs in these three areas, as this is the only way to ensure that achievements can be sustained over time.
1.
The challenge of social inclusion: inequalities and the impact of COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean Before commencing, and since it is often used imprecisely, the concept of inclusion must first be briefly defined. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 96 |
According to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, 2019a), inclusion is a multidimensional concept that encompasses the enjoyment of rights, participation in social life, access to education, health, care and basic infrastructure services, and the availability of material resources, such as income and housing.
It refers to a process whereby economic, social, cultural and political conditions are improved so that people can participate fully in society. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 99 |
Latin American and Caribbean youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development... 9 The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) defines inclusion as the process of improving the terms of participation in society, in particular for those who are disadvantaged by reasons of age, gender, disability, race, ethnicity, religion or socioeconomic status, by increasing opportunities and access to resources, thus enabling their voices to be heard while respecting their rights (United Nations, 2016). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 111 |
Under that approach, inclusion aims to promote the full participation of all people and to remove the multiple barriers that affect certain populations, groups or individuals in exercising their rights and accessing well-being, as a prerequisite for social cohesion.
This chapter is based on this broad conception of inclusion, which calls for the full active exercise of human rights and equity and which comprises both objective and subjective dimensions. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 89 |
The concept of inclusion is clearly expressed in the 2030 Agenda, which recognizes that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, combating inequality within and among countries, preserving the planet, creating sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth and fostering social inclusion are interlinked and interdependent goals (United Nations, 2015). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 76 |
More inclusion and participation are essential in strengthening institutions and making political processes more legitimate and transparent, which are core conditions for sustainable development.
Inclusion as a guiding theme of the 2030 Agenda is finally embodied in the call that no one be left behind along the path to development.
Over the last decade, the region’s youth have been at the forefront of several waves of protests and social movements demanding more inclusion and equity. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 96 |
Although today’s young people are living at a time of rising living standards in their countries, these movements are in response to persistent levels of inequality and injustice they face in different areas.
In the current context of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the lack of inclusion is a decisive factor in the heightened social and economic impact of the crisis on the region’s youth, which is threatening some of the gains already made in areas such as education, health, work and security. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 107 |
The pandemic’s effects have drawn attention to shortcomings in social protection, health, education and employment systems.
It is estimated that an additional 45 million people will swell the ranks of those living in poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean, bringing the total to 37% of the region’s population (ECLAC, 2020b). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 79 |
Among youth sectors, this impact is compounded by the educational challenges that have arisen due to the closure of schools and universities: as of early May 2020, those closures affected more than a billion students worldwide, including 165 million in Latin America and the Caribbean (UNESCO, 2021).
This is in addition to the repercussions on employment, seen in the 34 million workers who have lost their jobs, many of them women and young people (ILO, 2020). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 116 |
According to estimates by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), in Latin America and the Caribbean, more than three million children and adolescents may never return to school, and primary school enrolment is likely to decline by more than 1.8% (UNICEF, 2020a).
According to data from the International Labour Organization (ILO), in relative terms, during 2020 employment fell the most among women (5%) and the youngest workers (8.7%) (ILO, 2021). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 121 |
At the same time, the pandemic has exposed and aggravated the inequality faced by young women in various spheres, including greater job insecurity and informality, limited access to social protection, increased risk of falling victim to gender-based violence (UNFPA, 2020) and the imbalance in the burden of unpaid domestic and care work.
Temporary crises such as COVID-19 can have a permanent impact on the lives of vulnerable children and young people (Lustig and Tomassi, 2020). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 116 |
“Circumstances such as child malnutrition, school dropout, and traumatic experiences occurring at early stages in life often have irreversible effects.
Research on past crises reveals that these long-lasting effects do exist and are a leading cause for persistent inequalities and low mobility” (Lustig and Tomassi, 2020, p. 5). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 86 |
To achieve inclusion, the following actions are required: (i) reverting the dynamics of inequality and exclusion in the area of well-being, (ii) expanding access to basic and social services, and (iii) fighting discrimination in all its manifestations.
At the same time, young people must be considered as targets of reconstruction policies, but also as active participants in their design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 86 |
Latin American and Caribbean youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development... 10 2.
The environmental and climate challenge: the context of the new generations in light of the 2030 Agenda One of the main messages of the 2030 Agenda is the need to implement a new development model that allows progress towards building inclusive, sustainable and resilient societies. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 88 |
This need is becoming increasingly urgent as the effects of climate change affect more and more people around the world, particularly the most vulnerable segments of the population.
The urgency of addressing climate change is a challenge for all generations.
Moreover, the actions taken today —or today’s failure to act— will have repercussions for generations to come.
Indeed, inaction may well bring the planet to a tipping point where the consequences of global warming are no longer reversible. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 105 |
2020 was the second hottest year on record, outstripped only by 2016, and it marked the end of the hottest decade of all time (WMO, 2020).
The COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the need to rethink our relationship with nature.
Humans and nature are part of a connected system, and there is a clear relationship between healthy ecosystems and human health.
It is estimated that about 60% of human infections are of animal origin (UNEP/ILRI, 2020). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 130 |
Likewise, greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise (UNEP, 2019a).
While the COVID-19 pandemic’s effects on certain activities could cause the 2020 figure to fall by about 7% compared to 2019, in the long term this rate of decline would mean a reduction of only 0.01°C by 2050, unless countries’ economic recovery plans ensure the decarbonization of the energy supply. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 105 |
However, even if today’s national commitments were met, global warming would total 3.5°C by the end of the century, far short of the 2°C target set by the Paris Agreement (UNEP, 2020).
This is accompanied by a direct impact on people’s lives as extreme weather events and disasters increase around the world.
In 2019, for example, nearly 7 million people were displaced from their homes by natural phenomena such as storms, floods and a number of devastating cyclones (WMO, 2020). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 133 |
In addition to breaking records, the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season left a bleak picture in its wake.
UNICEF has estimated that as of 1 December 2020, the number of people affected by Hurricanes Eta and Iota in Honduras, Guatemala and Nicaragua totalled 6.8 million, including 2.6 million children and adolescents (UNICEF, 2020b).
In Latin America and the Caribbean, these are not the only phenomena shaping the climate scenario. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 124 |
The prospect of an increase in the number and intensity of extreme events such as floods and droughts poses a critical challenge.
Half of the world’s countries most severely affected by extreme weather events between 1998 and 2017 are located in the region: Puerto Rico, Honduras, Haiti, Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 83 |
This is compounded by the loss of biodiversity through human activity and global warming: the mass deaths of corals or mangroves, for example, which are the breeding grounds for countless species and a natural defence against weather events.
Over the past ten years, the region has experienced an enormous number of extreme phenomena with a significant impact, as well as slow or gradually evolving phenomena that have affected communities just as much or even more. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 97 |
An example of the latter is the fact that the Andean cryosphere is receding; this is affecting the seasonal distribution of water flows, including drainage into the River Plate basin.
The risk of water scarcity will increase due to lower precipitation and increased evapotranspiration in semi-arid regions, affecting city water supplies, hydroelectric power generation and agriculture (IPCC, 2014). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 95 |
The COVID-19 pandemic has made the vulnerability of our societies more visible and highlighted our relationship with the world we inhabit.
Moreover, the devastating consequences of climate change in the region are due not only to the different levels of resilience or vulnerability of each ecosystem, but also to the interaction of those consequences with the institutional, political, social and economic structures of each national and subnational context. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 87 |
Thus, young people from the most vulnerable population segments feel the impact in key aspects of development —such as food and water security, migration, education and security— which widens existing social and economic gaps and deepens inequalities.
Latin American and Caribbean youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development... 11 3. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 76 |
The challenge of governance: young people building peaceful, just and inclusively participatory societies Young people in Latin America and the Caribbean face major challenges that limit their participation in building peaceful, just and inclusive societies.
Those challenges are closely linked to their situations as regards access to and full enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 70 |
Those inequalities are reinforced in discourse —through stigmatization, for example— and in interactions with other actors, whenever youth groups are not considered, consulted or included in community decision-making processes.
Accordingly, participation is closely tied to institutional development and to the existence of opportunities for their voices to be heard. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 71 |
The growing dissatisfaction with democracy as a form of government that is emerging in that scenario should not give cause for surprise, nor should the widespread distrust towards institutions and the party system (Schulz and others, 2018).
These factors are catalysing crises in the region’s governance and in its political and social —and even economic— stability. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 80 |
The Latin American module of the most recent International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS), conducted by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) in 2016, revealed that, on average, 69% of eighth-grade students in five countries (Chile, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Mexico and Peru) would prefer dictatorial governments if they provided security and order, while an average of 65% would prefer them if they brought economic benefits (Schulz and others, 2018). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 125 |
In the same study, however, nearly 80% of the young people surveyed said they did not agree with the idea of government leaders making decisions without consulting anyone.
In addition, 72% stated their belief that peace can only be achieved through dialogue and negotiation. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 60 |
According to the 2018 Latinobarómetro Report, 71.3% of the region’s young people between the ages of 15 and 25 feel dissatisfied with the state of public affairs in their countries, and 70% believe that their countries’ democracies face challenges.
According to ECLAC (2018), an average of 88.2% of people aged between 16 and 29 in 18 Latin American countries think that their countries are governed by a few powerful groups for their own benefit and not for the good of all. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 133 |
On the other hand, 64% agree or strongly agree that democracy has problems but is the best form of government: in 2009, however, the average figure was 76%, which means that it dropped 12 percentage points over a decade.
The 2018 Latinobarómetro Report reveals that as age increases, so does the value placed on democracy: 44% of the 16-to-25 age group agreed with the statement that democracy is preferable to any other form of government, compared to 52% among those aged 61 and over (ECLAC, 2018). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 142 |
Overall, the figures show that in terms of perception, young people today do not value formal democracy as they once did, and that they rate its functioning as poor.
Undoubtedly, the many cases of corruption and abuses in recent years have undermined confidence in institutions.
And not only that: distrust has undermined the very legitimacy of the system based on its legality. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 84 |
This can be seen in the fact that 64% of students in the region would agree to break the law if that were the way to achieve their goals, and 73% would do so if it were the only way to help their families (Schulz and others, 2018).
Youth confidence in institutions is essential for the development of a democratic political culture and, therefore, for the sustainability of democracies, human rights and fundamental freedoms in the region. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 103 |
The future cannot be conceived of without more and better democracy (UNDP, 2020).
But the world is living times of great change.
Access to digital devices, the Internet and social networks in general dynamizes political processes and yields ambivalent results.
The ability to access and produce knowledge through new virtual platforms has amplified the voices of the young people to whom they are available, which has enabled the development of a new digital citizenship. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 98 |
However, these networks are also sounding boards for intense polarization, symbolic violence and disinformation.
Latin American and Caribbean youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development... 12 Latin American and Caribbean youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development... “The structural barriers that people with disabilities generally face have always been there, but with the pandemic, they have now been reinforced and strengthened. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 98 |
Primarily the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the digitization of the world and, although on the one hand connectivity and the possibility of meeting virtually has in some ways bolstered the participation of young people, for people with disabilities it in many ways continues to be another barrier, since the accessibility measures, support and reasonable adjustments that we require to participate on equal terms are often not considered.” Source: Uriel Weicman, META (network of people with disabilities), remarks at the side event “Youth in Latin America and the Caribbean: the key for recovery and achievement of Agenda 2030”, fourth meeting of the Forum of the Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean on Sustainable Development, March 2021. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 161 |
Seen in this light, this is a historic moment when Latin American youth is questioning effective governance, or, in other words, the governance that creates opportunities for inclusion and guarantees minimum institutional conditions that ensure access to rights and services, as well as genuine venues for participation that promote personal development without distinctions of any kind. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 69 |
In recent years, young people have acquired a critical eye with regard to the exercise of forms of power and participation in which they feel neither recognized nor represented.
They are therefore promoting new forms of political and social participation that also question the perspectives through which the main challenges of their countries and the region are understood and tackled. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 67 |
In accordance with the 2030 Agenda, one precondition for development is effective democratic governance: responsive in its actions, transparent in its work and based on the ideals of inclusion, equity, social justice and human rights.
Democratic governance is a process through which opportunities are created for all people and, as such, it is a precondition for the pursuit of the 2030 Agenda. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 90 |
It is through effective governance that States can structure and undertake its implementation, using their institutions to formulate and promote coordinated, comprehensive and intersectoral policies.
If youth sectors distrust current governance mechanisms, progress towards achieving the 2030 Agenda itself may be impeded. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 64 |
The energy of student movements, youth organizations, young peace-builders and networks engaged with climate change and sustainability must therefore be channelled into improving the democratic governance mechanisms that have already been created.
In keeping with the comprehensive spirit of the 2030 Agenda, actions must be taken simultaneously and synergistically around these three dimensions to move towards the full inclusion of Latin American and Caribbean youth. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 86 |
Ensuring good standards of public health, for example, requires violence-free environments and access to adequate nutrition.
This is essential for the full exercise of the right to education and cultural rights throughout life, in order to attain the learning milestones necessary for a dignified life and participation in the labour market, in building and strengthening cohesive and peaceful social relations and in processes of democratic transformation within communities and countries. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 89 |
Healthy nutrition depends, in turn, on access to clean water and a protected environment, and on economies that do not disrupt or damage ecosystems.
In light of the foregoing, the following sections will analyse some of the SDGs with a particular focus on youth.
The awareness that young people are connected to everyone else will be a constant theme, and the aim will be to achieve synergies in the actions taken in pursuit of those objectives.
13 I. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 103 |
13 I.
The SDGs and youth: an empirically based diagnosis In the context of the pandemic, it is more necessary than ever to review progress towards meeting the SDGs, as the policies implemented during the recovery phase will determine the likelihood of achieving them. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 59 |
The framework of the SDGs is intended to ensure that the actions taken in pursuit of them are not a series of isolated measures, but that, in addition to meeting certain thresholds, they also represent progress towards a model of holistic development that is sustainable, inclusive and resilient. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 60 |
So long as these actions recognize, include and prioritize the diversity of youth sectors and invite them to be part of the design and formulation of those policies, effective progress can be made towards a form of development that leaves no one behind, excludes nobody and allows maximum use to be made of young people’s transformative potential. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 67 |
This document proposes that the three dimensions examined above can constitute a road map for the region’s efforts towards that objective, since inclusion, governance and environmental protection in the context of climate change represent, in a manner that is both complementary and indivisible, the main challenges and areas of opportunity for Latin American and Caribbean youth. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 69 |
Using different sources of information from the agencies of the United Nations system, the following sections will review indicators and studies that address different challenges that the hemisphere’s young people face within the framework of the 2030 Agenda. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 50 |
Since data and studies are available for most of the countries in the region, the indicators are focused on the following SDGs: 1 (no poverty), 2 (zero hunger), 3 (good health and well-being), 4 (quality education), 5 (gender equality), 6 (clean water and sanitation), 8 (decent work and economic growth), 10 (reducing inequality) and 16 (peace, justice and strong institutions). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 101 |
The aim is not to provide an exhaustive overview of all the Goals and their targets, but rather to briefly showcase some of the challenges facing the new generations, in order to draw up a road map for actions to achieve the 2030 Agenda’s objectives. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 58 |
As an additional source of information, some results from the United Nations survey on Latin American and Caribbean youth within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic —conducted by the Working Group on Youth of the Regional Collaborative Platform for Latin America and the Caribbean— Latin American and Caribbean youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development... 14 are presented in order to highlight the voices of young people at this time of crisis. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 94 |
The consultation was conducted online in 2020 and more than 7,000 young people took part.
It should be noted, however, that the survey was neither random nor representative of the population as a whole, and so the data presented are not statistically representative; instead, they are intended to illustrate trends and offer approximations to complex phenomena. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 78 |
The analysis is structured around the factors that are hindering or assisting the inclusion of young people in Latin America and the Caribbean within the framework of the 2030 Agenda.
As far as possible, three stages in the life cycles of men and women will be distinguished: between the ages of 15 and 19, between 20 and 24, and between 25 and 29. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 90 |
In addition, when the data or studies allow, different groups of young people who are in a situation of greater vulnerability and at greater risk of being left behind will be examined, placing special emphasis on communities that are subject to social exclusion.
A. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 53 |
A.
Goal 1: poverty among youth is the ultimate expression of exclusion and a barrier to full development The impact of poverty experienced in childhood, adolescence and youth is long and enduring, and it is a key element in the intergenerational reproduction of poverty and inequality (Espíndola and Milosavljevic, 2019).
This applies both to monetary poverty and to other dimensions of the phenomenon that undermine the chances of millions of the region’s young people to develop to their full potential. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 117 |
Living in a poor household may mean, for example not having sufficient quality food, no timely access to health services, insufficient resources to attend school, a home that lacks the wherewithal to foster good academic performance, being forced to abandon school early to contribute to the household income or care for other family members, having to migrate in unsafe conditions, being a victim of a forced union or marriage, or lacking information on how to prevent an unwanted pregnancy or sexually transmitted infection. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 101 |
• • Target 1.1: By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than US$ 1.25 a day.
Target 1.2: By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions.
These multiple deprivations and shortcomings are felt and experienced differently by the different members of poor households that include adolescents and young people. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 118 |
These situations are experienced simultaneously and have cumulative effects throughout childhood, adolescence and young adulthood.
Figures on monetary poverty among adolescents and young adults are not encouraging (see figure 1). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 47 |
After the sustained improvements of the 1990s and the early twenty-first century, the pace of poverty reduction slowed from 2015 onwards and, by 2018, poverty rates among young people had already risen: that year, almost a third of all people aged 15 to 24 were living in monetary poverty.
In addition, levels of poverty and extreme poverty among young people in rural areas are markedly higher than in urban areas (FAO, 2018). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 112 |
It is estimated that in 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 crisis, the number of people living in poverty will have increased by 209 million, 78 million of whom will be condemned to extreme poverty (ECLAC, 2021).
Latin American and Caribbean youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development... | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 86 |
Figure 1 Latin America (18 countries):a poverty and extreme poverty, by age group and area of residence, 2010, 2015 and 2018 (Percentages) 15 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 40.4 42.3 39.6 31.6 29.0 30.0 10.7 8.8 8.6 15.2 10.8 8.9 63.8 59.3 58.7 29.0 28.2 27.5 50.0 48.1 48.5 20.3 21.1 19.9 31.3 28.7 28.6 9.5 6.8 5.4 Poverty Extreme poverty Poverty Extreme poverty Poverty Extreme poverty Poverty Extreme poverty Poverty Extreme poverty Total both sexes Urban Rural Urban Rural 0 to 14 years 15 to 24 years 2010 2015 2018 Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of Household Survey Data Bank (BADEHOG). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 310 |
a Weighted average of the following countries: Argentina, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Plurinational State of Bolivia and Uruguay.
• Target 1.3: Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 120 |
SDG 1 also identifies social protection as a key tool for reversing poverty and promoting access to basic services.
Today, however, young people represent a bottleneck in that process, as they face pronounced shortcomings in access to social protection under both the contributory and non-contributory pillars.
As regards the first of those pillars, youth employment is more unstable and informal and generally does not provide access to social security (see figure 2). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 103 |
The figure shows that while the percentage of employed youth contributing to a pension system increased between 2002 and 2014, a slight decrease was recorded between 2014 and 2018 and, in 2018, only four out of ten employed young people were contributing to or enrolled in a pension scheme.
The percentage was higher among young wage-earners (5 out of 10) but much lower among non-wage earners (less than 1 in 10). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 114 |
In addition, there were major differences by age: the younger people are, the smaller the proportion of them who contribute to pension systems.
In other words, unwaged young people face an almost total lack of protection.
Regarding the non-contributory pillar, many of the instruments in place in the countries —such as conditional transfer programmes or other cash transfer programmes— focus on families with children under the age of 18 and exclude older young people. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 100 |
Latin American and Caribbean youth and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development... 16 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Figure 2 Latin America (18 countries):a people aged 15 to 29 affiliated to or contributing to a pension system, by age group and wage-earning status, 2002, 2014 and 2018 (Percentages) 66.2 63.5 55.3 57.0 52.2 47.3 30.2 24.6 24.8 53.6 50.5 55.1 52.2 45.4 41.9 42.6 45.9 36.5 43.7 41.0 33.7 21.4 17.8 15.9 Total 15–29 15–19 20–24 25–29 Total 15–29 15–19 20–24 25–29 6.5 6.4 2.9 2.4 1.4 0.9 12.1 11.9 6.7 15–19 20–24 25–29 7.8 7.4 3.7 Total 15–29 Total employed Waged Unwaged 2002 2014 2018 Source: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), on the basis of Household Survey Data Bank (BADEHOG). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 404 |
a Weighted average of the following countries: Argentina, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Plurinational State of Bolivia and Uruguay. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 79 |
In the context of the pandemic, the alarming figures for economic contraction and rising unemployment that are expected will have profound effects on the region’s poverty levels, a situation that already had a significant impact on adolescents and young people prior to the crisis.
This outlook poses a serious threat to the possibility of the hemisphere freeing itself of poverty in all its manifestations by 2030.
This is clear not only in the data, but also in people’s pe rceptions. | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 109 |
Thus, according to data from the United Nations survey on Latin American and Caribbean youth within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, two thirds of the respondents expressed concern about their families’ future financial situation, and 45% did so with respect to their personal situations (see figure 3).
Among the young people who spoke of this personal fear, significant response rates were reported among the 25 to 29 age group (65%) and among those neither studying nor in paid employment (64%). | None | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1710185322369.pdf | https://lac.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/s1901185_en_1.pdf | 111 |
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