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Index of Japan-related articles. This page lists Japan-related articles.
Index of Japan-related articles (0–9). This page lists Japan-related articles with titles beginning with a numeral or a symbol. For names of people, please list by surname (i.e., Tarō Yamada should be listed under Y, not T).
Police. The police are a constituted body of people empowered by a state with the aim of enforcing the law and protecting the public order as well as the public itself.[1] This commonly includes ensuring the safety, health, and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder.[2][3] Their lawful powers encompass arrest and the use of force legitimized by the state via the monopoly on violence. The term is most commonly associated with the police forces of a sovereign state that are authorized to exercise the police power of that state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility. Police forces are often defined as being separate from the military and other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors; however, gendarmerie are military units charged with civil policing.[4] Police forces are usually public sector services, funded through taxes. Law enforcement is only part of policing activity.[5] Policing has included an array of activities in different situations, but the predominant ones are concerned with the preservation of order.[6] In some societies, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, these developed within the context of maintaining the class system and the protection of private property.[7] Police forces have become ubiquitous and a necessity in complex modern societies. However, their role can sometimes be controversial, as they may be involved to varying degrees in corruption, brutality, and the enforcement of authoritarian rule. A police force may also be referred to as a police department, police service, constabulary, gendarmerie, crime prevention, protective services, law enforcement agency, civil guard, or civic guard. Members may be referred to as police officers, troopers, sheriffs, constables, rangers, peace officers or civic/civil guards. Ireland differs from other English-speaking countries by using the Irish language terms Garda (singular) and Gardaí (plural), for both the national police force and its members. The word police is the most universal and similar terms can be seen in many non-English speaking countries.[8]
Austral. Austral means southern, often in reference to the Southern Hemisphere. Austral may also refer to:
Index of Japan-related articles (A). This page lists Japan-related articles with romanized titles beginning with the letter A. For names of people, please list by surname (i.e., Tarō Yamada should be listed under Y, not T). Please also ignore particles (e.g. a, an, the) when listing articles (i.e., A City with No People should be listed under City).
Australasian (disambiguation). Australasian refers to Australasia, a region that comprises Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. Australasian may also refer to: Nn9jhv
Index of Japan-related articles (B). This page lists Japan-related articles with romanized titles beginning with the letter B. For names of people, please list by surname (i.e., Tarō Yamada should be listed under Y, not T). Please also ignore particles (e.g. a, an, the) when listing articles (i.e., A City with No People should be listed under City).
Weekly Shōnen Jump. Weekly Shōnen Jump (Japanese: 週刊少年ジャンプ, Hepburn: Shūkan Shōnen Janpu; stylized in English as WEEKLY JUMP) is a weekly shōnen manga anthology published in Japan by Shueisha under the Jump line of magazines. The manga series within the magazine consist of many action scenes and a fair amount of comedy. Chapters of the series that run in Weekly Shōnen Jump are collected and published in tankōbon volumes under the Jump Comics imprint every two to three months. It is one of the longest-running manga magazines, with the first issue being released with a cover date of August 1, 1968. The magazine has sold over 7.5 billion copies since 1968, making it the best-selling comic/manga magazine, ahead of competitors such as Weekly Shōnen Magazine and Weekly Shōnen Sunday. The mid-1980s to the mid-1990s represents the era when the magazines circulation was at its highest, 6.53 million copies per week, with a total readership of 18 million people in Japan. Throughout 2021, it had an average circulation of over 1.3 million copies per week. Many of the best-selling manga series—including One Piece, Dragon Ball, Naruto, Slam Dunk, KochiKame: Tokyo Beat Cops, and Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba—originate from Weekly Shōnen Jump. Weekly Shōnen Jump has sister magazines such as Jump SQ, V Jump, Saikyō Jump, and digital counterpart Shōnen Jump+ which boasts its own exclusive titles. The magazine has also had several international counterparts, including the North American Weekly Shonen Jump. It also spawned a crossover media franchise including anime and video games (since Famicom Jump) which bring together various Shōnen Jump characters. Weekly Shōnen Jump was launched by Shueisha on July 11, 1968,[5][6][a] to compete with the already-successful Weekly Shōnen Magazine and Weekly Shōnen Sunday.[8] Weekly Shōnen Jumps sister publication was a manga magazine called Shōnen Book, which was originally a male version of the short-lived shōjo manga anthology Shōjo Book.[9] Prior to issue 20, Weekly Shōnen Jump was originally called simply Shōnen Jump as it was originally a bi-weekly magazine. In 1969, Shōnen Book ceased publication[10] at which time Shōnen Jump became a weekly magazine[10] and a new monthly magazine called Bessatsu Shōnen Jump was made to take Shōnen Books place. This magazine was later rebranded as Monthly Shōnen Jump before eventually being discontinued and replaced by Jump SQ.
Toronto Police Service. The Toronto Police Service (TPS) is a municipal police force in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and the primary agency responsible for providing law enforcement and policing services in Toronto. Established in 1834, it was the first local police service created in North America and is one of the oldest police services in the English-speaking world. It is the largest municipal police service in Canada, and the fourth largest police force in Canada after the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), Ontario Provincial Police (OPP), and the Sûreté du Québec (SQ). With a 2023 budget of $1.16 billion, the Toronto Police Service ranks as the second largest expense of the City of Torontos annual operating budget, after the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The City of Glasgow Police (c.1800, merged to form Strathclyde Police in 1975) and London Metropolitan Police (1829) were the first modern municipal police departments, but the Toronto Police is older than the New York City Police Department (1845), and Boston Police Department (1839). It is the second-oldest continuously operating municipal police force in the world. The Toronto Police Service was founded in 1834 as Toronto Police Force or sometimes as Toronto Police Department, when the city of Toronto was first created from the town of York.
Austrasia. Austrasia was a historical region and the northeastern realm within the core of the Frankish State during the Early Middle Ages, centering on the regions between Meuse, Moselle, Middle Rhine and the Main rivers. It included the original Frankish-ruled territories within what had been the northernmost part of Roman Gaul and parts of Roman Germania. It also stretched beyond the old Roman borders on the Rhine into Frankish areas which had never been formally under Roman rule. It came into being as a part of the Frankish Kingdom, founded by the Merovingian king Clovis I (481–511), who expanded Frankish rule further to the southwest, into the Gaul, whose northern regions came to be known as Neustria.[1] These two realms, or sub-kingdoms (Austrasia and Neustria), along with Aquitaine and Burgundy, were subsequently ruled by various ruler from the Merovingian dynasty, followed in the 8th and 9th centuries by their successors from the Carolingian dynasty, whose own powerbase was in Austrasia itself.[2] The two Frankish dynasties did not always have a single ruling monarch over the whole Frankish realm, and already by 561, Austrasia was ruled as a separate kingdom within the Frankish realm by the Merovingian king Sigebert I (561–575). Kings often allowed different family members to rule sub-kingdoms, and these were sometimes in conflict with each other, despite the underlying continuity of the overall Frankish state. In 843, by the Treaty of Verdun, Austrasia was divided in three parts, with eastern section being assigned to the East Francia, central regions to the Middle Francia, and the most western part to the West Francia. Further divisions affected mostly the central part of Austrasia, ruled since the Treaty of Prüm (855) by king Lothair II, whose name gave rise to Lotharingia, that corresponded to central Austrasia. It was divided by the Treaty of Meerssen (870), but reunited by the Treaty of Ribemont (880), under the east Frankish rule. During the 9th century, Austrasia was still considered as one of the main regions (stem lands) within the Carolingian Empire, surrounded by Alamannia (to the south), Bavaria (to the south-east), Thuringia (to the north-east), and Saxony (to the north), as attested by the Royal Frankish Annals, and the Annals of Saint Bertin, that mentions not only Austrasia, but also Autrasians.[3][4] In time, central Austrasia was more frequently designated as Lotharingia, that became the prevailing term for those regions, while eastern parts of Austrasia came to be known as Franconia. The name Austrasia is not well attested in the Merovingian period. The first surviving record of the term is by Gregory of Tours, writing in about 580. It was later used by Aimoin of Fleury around 1000. It is presumably the latinization of an Old Frankish name, reconstructed as *Oster-rike (Eastern Kingdom).[5] As with the name Austria, it contains the word for east, and means eastern land. The term designated the original territory of the Franks in contrast to Neustria, which apparently meant the (new) western land.
Military (film). Military is a 2003 Indian Tamil-language action drama film directed by Suraj, credited as G. Saisuresh. The film stars Sathyaraj and Rambha. A remake of the Malayalam film Hitler (1996), it was released on 28 February 2003, and became a box office failure.[1] Madhavan, locally known as Military, is a protective brother of five younger sisters: Ammu, Seetha, Nandhini, Kamali and Archana. Their father remarried after his first wifes death, and because of that his children do not speak to him. With his second wife, he has two daughters. Ammu, the eldest of Madhavans sisters, was raped by her widower professor. Madhavan asked Ammu to marry the professor, who was quite old. The other sisters did not know about the matter. Seetha elopes with her cousin Balasubramaniam and they later come to stay in their neighbourhood. Madhavans enemies try to kill his brother-in-law and put the blame on Madhavan. Luckily, his brother-in-law survives and tells the truth. The music was composed by Deva.[2] Military was released on 28 February 2003.[3] Malini Mannath of Chennai Online felt the remake fails to live up to the original and added while remaking it, the makers seem to have lost out on the feel of the original. It’s like they’ve just borrowed the scenes and situations, and rushed through the whole scenario. The natural flow is missing, leading to jerky narration.[4] Sify wrote the film fails to live up to the original and that Sathyaraj fails to make an impression as the elder brother of five sisters.[5] Visual Dasan of Kalki wrote despite being a sentimental plot about brother and sisters, it sustains the interest till the end due to new kind of scenes and natural humour and also praised the director keeping the flashback short but felt the only negative is antics of Vinu Chakravarthy and Ponnambalam and concluded the director deserves military salute for making a film which can be watched with families.[6] IndiaInfo wrote Except Satyaraj’s performance, the film has nothing much to rave about.[7]
State (polity). A state is a political entity that regulates society and the population within a definite territory.[1] Government is considered to form the fundamental apparatus of contemporary states.[2][3] A country often has a single state, with various administrative divisions. A state may be a unitary state or some type of federal union; in the latter type, the term state is sometimes used to refer to the federated polities that make up the federation, and they may have some of the attributes of a sovereign state, except being under their federation and without the same capacity to act internationally. (Other terms that are used in such federal systems may include province, region or other terms.) For most of prehistory, people lived in stateless societies. The earliest forms of states arose about 5,500 years ago.[4] Over time societies became more stratified and developed institutions leading to centralised governments. These gained state capacity in conjunction with the growth of cities, which was often dependent on climate and economic development, with centralisation often spurred on by insecurity and territorial competition. Over time, varied forms of states developed, that used many different justifications for their existence (such as divine right, the theory of the social contract, etc.). Today, the modern nation state is the predominant form of state to which people are subject.[5] Sovereign states have sovereignty; any ingroups claim to have a state faces some practical limits via the degree to which other states recognize them as such. Satellite states are states that have de facto sovereignty but are often indirectly controlled by another state.
Crunchyroll Store Australia. Crunchyroll Pty. Ltd.,[1] trading as Crunchyroll Store Australia, and previously known as Madman Anime, is an Australian video publisher and distribution company focused on Asian entertainment. The company handles licensing and distribution of anime in Australia and New Zealand. Originally part of independent film distributor Madman Entertainment, the company is now operated as a division of Crunchyroll, LLC, run by Sony through Sony Pictures Entertainment and Sony Music Entertainment Japans Aniplex. Madman Entertainment was founded in 1996 by Tim Anderson and Paul Wiegard as a mail order business specialising in imported anime titles, after following the success of Manga Entertainment in the United States and the United Kingdom.[2] Originally selling titles on VHS, the company became the second Australian distributor to author DVDs in-house, with the 1995 film Ghost in the Shell being their first DVD release. In 1998, Madman began airing anime on television, with Neon Genesis Evangelion airing on SBS TV. On 23 February 2008, Madman Entertainment announced that it had reached a distribution deal with Viz Media to distribute its manga titles in Australia and New Zealand.[3] The distribution deal ended in April 2016, with Simon & Schuster taking over distribution of Vizs catalogue, and Madman Entertainment ceasing distribution of all manga titles.[4] At the 2008 Supanova Pop Culture Expo, Madman Entertainment announced plans to explore new distribution methods. Madman Entertainment launched the Madman Screening Room, a video on demand streaming service, with School Rumble being the first title on the platform.[5] Madman Entertainment also began releasing Blu-ray Disc titles, starting with The Transformers: The Movie in June 2009.[6] On 1 June 2009, Madman Entertainment produced an English adaption of Tamagotchi: The Movie, a 2007 film based on the Tamagotchi digital pets from Bandai and WiZ. Madman also intended to dub the films sequel, Tamagotchi: Happiest Story in the Universe!, but the dub was cancelled for unknown reasons.
East Melbourne. East Melbourne is an inner-city suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 2 km (1.2 mi) east of Melbournes Central Business District, located within the City of Melbourne local government area. East Melbourne recorded a population of 4,896 at the 2021 census.[1] East Melbourne is a small area of inner Melbourne, located between Richmond and the Central Business District. Broadly, it is bounded by Spring Street, Victoria Parade, Punt Road/Hoddle Street and Brunton Avenue. One of Melbournes earliest suburbs, East Melbourne has long been home to many significant government, health and religious institutions, including the Parliament of Victoria and offices of the Victoria State Government in the Parliamentary and Cathedral precincts, which are located on a gentle hill at the edge of the Melbournes Hoddle Grid, known as Eastern Hill. The world-famous Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) is located in Yarra Park, in the East Melbourne locality of Jolimont. East Melbourne has been affluent since its first establishment and contains some of the oldest Victorian homes and terrace houses and parks and gardens in Melbourne. The Parliamentary and Cathedral precincts are located on a gentle hill, known as Eastern Hill. Jolimont railway station is at the top of a ridge, which extends towards Bridge Road in Richmond, from which Jolimont slopes downwards towards the Yarra River and the residential section to the north slopes gradually towards the flatter areas of Fitzroy and Collingwood to the north and Richmond to the south.
Armed forces (disambiguation). Armed forces are the military of a nation. Armed forces may also refer to:
Australia (continent). The continent of Australia, sometimes known in technical contexts as Sahul (/səˈhuːl/),[note 5] Australia-New Guinea, Australinea, or Meganesia to distinguish it from the country of Australia,[1][2][3] is located within the Southern and Eastern hemispheres, near the Maritime Southeast Asia.[4] The continent includes mainland Australia, Tasmania, the island of New Guinea (Papua New Guinea and Western New Guinea), the Aru Islands, the Ashmore and Cartier Islands, most of the Coral Sea Islands, and some other nearby islands. Situated in the geographical region of Oceania, more specifically in the subregion of Australasia, Australia is the smallest of the seven traditional continents. The continent includes a continental shelf overlain by shallow seas which divide it into several landmasses—the Arafura Sea and Torres Strait between mainland Australia and New Guinea, and Bass Strait between mainland Australia and Tasmania. When sea levels were lower during the Pleistocene ice age, including the Last Glacial Maximum about 18,000 BC, they were connected by dry land into the combined landmass of Sahul. The name Sahul derives from the Sahul Shelf, which is a part of the continental shelf of the Australian continent. During the past 18,000 to 10,000 years, rising sea levels overflowed the lowlands and separated the continent into todays low-lying arid to semi-arid mainland and the two mountainous islands of New Guinea and Tasmania. With a total land area of 8.56 million square kilometres (3,310,000 sq mi), the Australian continent is the smallest, lowest, flattest, and second-driest continent (after Antarctica) on Earth.[5] As the country of Australia is mostly on a single landmass, and comprises most of the continent, it is sometimes informally referred to as an island continent, surrounded by oceans.[6] Papua New Guinea, a country within the continent, is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse countries in the world.[7] It is also one of the most rural, as only 18 percent of its people live in urban centres.[8] West Papua, a region in Indonesia, is home to an estimated 44 uncontacted tribal groups.[9] Australia, the largest landmass in the continent, is highly urbanised,[10] and has the worlds 14th-largest economy with the second-highest human development index globally.[11][12] Australia also has the worlds 9th largest immigrant population.[13][14] The continent of Australia is sometimes known by the names Sahul, Australinea, or Meganesia to differentiate it from the country of Australia, and consists of the landmasses which sit on Australias continental plate. This includes mainland Australia, Tasmania, and the island of New Guinea, which comprises Papua New Guinea and Western New Guinea (Papua and West Papua, provinces of Indonesia).[15][16][17][18] The name Sahul takes its name from the Sahul Shelf, which is part of the continental shelf of the Australian continent. The term Oceania, originally a great division of the world in the 1810s, was replaced in English language countries by the concept of Australia as one of the worlds continents in the 1950s.[19]
Warfare (disambiguation). Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Warfare may also refer to: KRISTAL MARIA NGUYEN
Conflict Zone. Conflict Zone is a war-themed real-time strategy game, developed by MASA Group and published by Ubi Soft for Dreamcast, PlayStation 2, and Microsoft Windows. In 2010, the majority of the worlds developed countries have formed a centralised organisation, known as the International Corps for Peace, dedicated to bringing about world peace through worldwide media, but not all developing countries are keen to be involved. Ghost, a secret organisation, seeks only the economic interests of its members without any attachment to morals thus does not hesitate to create crisis situations which the International Corps for Peace is forced to solve, through humiliation, and healthy propaganda. There are two playable campaigns in Conflict Zone: the Ghost campaign, and the International Corps for Peace campaign. Missions take place in locations where fictional conflicts take place such as civil war in Ukraine, wars between Indonesia and Malaysia, India and Pakistan and Nigeria and Niger. Most missions usually require the player to build a base (or a camp in Ghosts case) and complete objectives in order to successfully complete the mission. Unlike most other traditional real-time strategy games, where a main resource pool is used to produce units and buildings, Conflict Zone uses a unique system where innocent civilians are the centerpiece and that the two factions have two completely different strategies that offers a unique challenge to master. Conflict Zones main innovation was the use of propaganda, which was crucial in the game, with money second. Coming in the form of Popularity Points, players have to exploit the media in order to gain more PP to unlock units and buildings to help turn the fight in their favour, which faction the player may choose affects the way they are gained.
Northern United States. The Northern United States, commonly referred to as the American North, the Northern States, or simply the North, is a geographical and historical region of the United States. Before the 19th century westward expansion, the Northern United States corresponded to the present day New England region. By the 1830s it corresponded to the present day Northeast and Great Lakes region. Before 1865, the North was distinguished from the South on the issue of slavery. In Southern states, slavery was legal until the ratification of the 13th Amendment in 1865. Northern states had all passed some form of legislation to abolish slavery by 1804. However, abolition did not mean freedom for some existing slaves. Due to gradual abolition laws, slaves would still appear in some Northern states as far as the 1840 United States census.[4] New Jersey was the last Northern state to end slavery when the 13th Amendment was ratified in 1865, when the 15 elderly slaves that had not been freed by its gradual abolition law were freed.[5] During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Northern states comprised the U.S. states that supported the United States of America, referred to as the Union. In this context, the North is synonymous with the Union, while the South refers to the states that seceded from the U.S. to form the Confederate States of America. There is, however, some historical disagreement as to exactly which states comprised the North in the context of the Civil War as five slave-holding states largely remained with the Union: the southern border states of Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware, along with the disputed Indian Territory, though Missouri and Kentucky had dual competing Confederate and Unionist governments with the Confederate government of Kentucky and the Confederate government of Missouri and the Confederacy controlled more than half of Kentucky and the southern portion of Missouri early in the war. The Confederacy largely lost control in both states after 1862; depending on the source, some of these states and territories may be included in either region.[6]
Warring (disambiguation). To be warring is to be engaged in organized violent conflict with one or more other belligerent groups or nations. Warring may also refer to:
Stele of the Vultures. The Stele of the Vultures is a monument from the Early Dynastic IIIb period (2600–2350 BC) in Mesopotamia celebrating a victory of the city-state of Lagash over its neighbour Umma. It shows various battle and religious scenes and is named after the vultures that can be seen in one of these scenes. The stele was originally carved out of a single slab of limestone, but only seven fragments are known to have survived up to the present day. The fragments were found at Tello (ancient Girsu) in southern Iraq in the 1880s and are now on display in the Louvre. The stele was erected as a monument to the victory of king Eannatum of Lagash over Ush, king of Umma.[1][2] It is the earliest known war monument.[3] The stele is not complete; only seven fragments are known today. The first three fragments were found during excavations in the early 1880s by the French archaeologist Ernest de Sarzec at the archaeological site of Tello, ancient Girsu, in what is today southern Iraq. Another three fragments came to light during the excavations of 1888–1889. A seventh fragment, which was later determined to be part of the Stele of the Vultures and thought to have come from Tello, was acquired on the antiquities market by the British Museum in 1898. While two initial requests to hand this fragment over to the Louvre were denied by the British Museum, it was eventually given to them in 1932 so that it could be incorporated in the reconstructed stele together with the other fragments.[4] It was first translated by F. Thureau-Dangin in 1907.[5] The complete monument, as reconstructed and now in display in the Louvre, would have been 1.80 metres (5 ft 11 in) high, 1.30 metres (4 ft 3 in) wide and 11 centimetres (4.3 in) thick and had a rounded top. It was made out of a single slab of limestone with carved reliefs on both sides.[6] The stele can be placed in a tradition of mid- to late-third millennium BC southern Mesopotamia in which military victories are celebrated on stone monuments. A similar monument is the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, created during the Akkadian period that followed on the Early Dynastic III period.[7] The two sides of the stele show distinctly different scenes and have therefore been interpreted as a mythological side and a historical side. The mythological side is divided into two registers. The upper, larger register shows a large male figure holding a mace in his right hand and an anzu or lion-headed eagle in his left hand. The anzu identifies the figure as the god Ningirsu. Below the anzu is a large net filled with the bodies of naked men. Behind Ningirsu stands a smaller female figure wearing a horned headband and with maces protruding from her shoulders. These characteristics allow the figure to be identified as the goddess Ninhursag. The lower, smaller register is very badly preserved but, based on comparisons with contemporary depictions, it has been suggested that it depicted the god Ningirsu standing on a chariot drawn by mythological animals.[6] A more recent analysis suggests that the chariot is approaching Ninhursag standing outside a sacred building.[8] The historical side is divided into four horizontal registers. The upper register shows Eannatum, the ensi or ruler of Lagash (his name appears inscribed around his head), leading a phalanx of soldiers into battle, with their defeated enemies trampled below their feet. Flying above them are the vultures after which the stele is named, with the severed heads of the enemies of Lagash in their beaks. The second register shows soldiers marching with shouldered spears behind the king, who is riding a chariot and holding a spear. In the third register, a small part of a possibly seated figure can be seen. In front of him, a cow is tethered to a pole while a naked priest standing on a pile of dead animal bodies performs a libation ritual on two plants spouting from vases. Left of these scenes is a pile of naked bodies surrounded by skirted workers with baskets on their head. Only a small part of the fourth register has been preserved, showing a hand holding a spear that touches the head of an enemy.[6] Some Sumerologists have proposed reconstructing a caption near the enemy as Kalbum, King of Kish.[9]
War (disambiguation). A war is a large-scale armed conflict and the term is used as a metaphor for non-military conflicts. War or WAR may also refer to:
Tang Dynasty (band). Tang Dynasty (Chinese: 唐朝; pinyin: Táng Cháo) is a Chinese rock band formed in 1989. They are often credited as being the first Chinese heavy metal band[citation needed] and the first folk metal band of Asian style as well. Singer and rhythm guitarist Ding Wu, bassist Zhang Ju, and Chinese-American guitarist Kaiser Kuo co-founded Tang Dynasty in early 1989.[1] Kuo left shortly after to return to the United States, with Liu Lao Wu Yijun took his place. According to Kaiser, went on to become Chinas first guitar hero.[1] In 1990 the band participated in the Chinese modern rock concert, where they performed early versions of two of their eventual songs. In 1991, the band released its metal/rock version of The Internationale in Chinese. Tang Dynasty rose to fame with their eponymous debut album, released in December 1992. The album officially sold about 2,000,000 authentic copies throughout Asia and abroad, not counting the multitudes more of infringing copies. Their sound is part progressive rock and artistic metal and part traditional Chinese vocal technique. The lyrical poetry and musical arrangements meant to hearken back to the glorious days of ancient Chinese civilization; in particular, the art and cultural epitome of Chinese history as popularly represented by the era of the Tang dynasty. In 1993, Tang Dynasty performed at The Chinese Avant Garde, a concert featuring Cui Jian, Cobra, and Wang Yong, some of the most prominent rock artists from China at the time. During this concert, they would play songs from their first album, closing the concert with The Internationale. In 1994, Tang Dynasty performed at The Power of Chinese Rock Bands alongside Dou Wei, Zhang Chu, and He Yong, closing the concert with Choice and Soaring Bird. Tragedy struck when bassist Zhang Ju died on May 11, 1995, when his motorcycle collided with a truck on the Zizhuqiao freeway overpass in western Beijing. Gu Zhong joined the band to fill the empty role of bass player. That August, Liu left the band. Co-founder Kaiser Kuo rejoined as guitarist in August 1996.[1] During this time, the band had developed creativity conflicts and had parted with their Magic Stone Label, Almost disbanding during this era. The bands 1998 release Epic was their second album, seven years after their debut record. The record received less recognition, as many believed the album had abandoned Tang Dynastys oriental rock style for a more western style. In 1999, Tang Dynasty would hold a series of live performances showcasing tracks on Epic along with some popular tracks from Tang Dynasty. Kaiser again parted company with Tang Dynasty in June 1999 after a multitude of disagreements with Ding brought to a head by the bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Yugoslavia. He would later form another well-recognized metal/rock band, Spring and Autumn (Chunqiu).[1][2] Kaiser was replaced by former Iron Kite frontman Yu Yang, and then by young guitar virtuoso Chen Lei in late 2000. After some more member changes, Liu rejoined the group in 2002.
Northern America (disambiguation). Northern America may refer to:
Later Tang. Tang, known in historiography as the Later Tang (Chinese: 後唐; pinyin: Hòu Táng), was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China and the second of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in Chinese history.[1] With the exception of its final ruler, the Later Tang was ruled by ethnically Shatuo Turk (沙陀) emperors.The name Tang was used to legitimize itself as the restorer of the Tang dynasty.[2] The official start of the Later Tang dynasty is in the year 923. The Later Tang dynasty emerged when Li Cunxu (李存勖), son of Shatuo Turk chieftain Li Keyong (李克用), conquered the Later Liang (后梁). After inheriting the Jin (晋) state, Li Cunxu waged a prolonged war against the Later Liang, culminating in the fall the Liang capital, Daliang (Kaifeng) in 923. His victory marked the first of the Five Dynasties successive dynastic transitions. The Later Tang dynasty was officially proclaimed in 923, though its origins lay in the precursor Jin dynasty (907-923), known in historiography as the Former Jin. Its founder Li Cunxu already possessed the Li surname - shared with the Tang emperors - which helped legitimize his claim as the Tang dynastys rightful successor. The Li Clan of Shatuo received the surname Li from Emperor Xianzong of Tang as a reward for their loyalty and military service.
Entertainment. Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience or gives pleasure and delight. It can be an idea or a task, but it is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audiences attention. Although peoples attention is held by different things because individuals have different preferences, most forms of entertainment are recognisable and familiar. Storytelling, music, drama, dance, and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures, were supported in royal courts, and developed into sophisticated forms over time, becoming available to all citizens. The process has been accelerated in modern times by an entertainment industry that records and sells entertainment products. Entertainment evolves and can be adapted to suit any scale, ranging from an individual who chooses private entertainment from a now enormous array of pre-recorded products, to a banquet adapted for two, to any size or type of party with appropriate music and dance, to performances intended for thousands, and even for a global audience. The experience of being entertained has come to be strongly associated with amusement, so that one common understanding of the idea is fun and laughter, although many entertainments have a serious purpose. This may be the case in various forms of ceremony, celebration, religious festival, or satire, for example. Hence, there is the possibility that what appears to be entertainment may also be a means of achieving insight or intellectual growth.
New Tang Dynasty Television. New Tang Dynasty Television (NTD Television) is a multilingual American television broadcaster founded by adherents of the Falun Gong new religious movement and based in New York City.[1] The station was founded in 2001 as a Chinese-language broadcaster,[2] but has since expanded its language offerings; in July 2020, it launched its 24/7 English channel which now broadcasts nationwide in the U.S. and UK. It is under the Epoch Media Group, a consortium which also includes the newspaper The Epoch Times.[3] The Epoch Media Groups news sites and YouTube channels have promoted conspiracy theories such as QAnon, anti-vaccine misinformation[12] and false claims of fraud in the 2020 United States presidential election.[16] NTD was founded in 2001 by practitioners of the Falun Gong new religious movement.[2][1] The station has a regular focus on the promotion of traditional Chinese culture and western classical arts, and devotes extensive news coverage to Chinese human rights issues,[citation needed] scrutinizing abuses of power by the Chinese Communist Party.[17][18] The name was chosen to invoke the ancient Tang dynasty that the company considers the golden age of Chinese spirituality and civilization ... known for its high moral standards and unparalleled cultural achievements.[19] The Christian Science Monitor in 2004 called NTD the first independent Chinese-language TV station in the US.[20] The Wall Street Journal said in 2007 that NTD serves as a platform for Chinas pro-democracy dissidents, who have been torn by internal squabbling and lack of organization.[21] In 2009, NTD had an income of $5.3 million, including $2.4 million from 3,000 donations. In 2011, NTD had a staff of 80, nearly all volunteers.[22]
Tang Dynasty (album). Tang Dynasty (Chinese: 唐朝; pinyin: Tángcháo), also known as A Dream Return to Tang Dynasty (Chinese: 梦回唐朝; pinyin: Mènghuí Tángcháo) is the eponymous debut studio album by Chinese heavy metal band Tang Dynasty, released in China in December 1991 and internationally on December 11, 1992 by Magic Stone Records. The album is lauded as the first Chinese metal album, combining heavy metal and progressive rock with traditional Chinese folk styles, poetry, and Beijing opera vocal techniques. Tang Dynasty was officially formed in February 1989[1] by Americans Kaiser Kuo (guitar) and Andrew Szabo (drums), along with Beijing musicians Ding Wu (guitar) and Zhang Ju (bass). However, the Tiananmen Square Protests forced Kuo and Szabo to leave China.[2] The band went on hiatus, and Ding Wu moved to Xinjiang for several months. In October, Ding Wu returned to Beijing, and together with Zhang Ju recruited lightning-fast[3] guitarist Liu Yijun and drummer Zhao Nian.[4] On May 1, 1990, the new lineup participated in a fundraising concert for the 1990 Asian Games, playing in front of 100,000 people at the Workers Stadium.[5] The success of the concert led the band to be signed by Magic Stone Records (Chinese: 魔石唱片; pinyin: Móshí Chàngpīan), the fledgling mainland division of Taiwan-based label Rock Records (Chinese: 滚石唱片; pinyin: Gŭnshí Chàngpīan, lit. Rolling Stone Records) specializing in Chinese rock acts.[2] Recording took place in the second floor studio of the China National Radio headquarters in Xicheng, over a 44-day period,[6] from September through October 1991.[7][1] Founding guitarist Kaiser Kuo briefly returned in May to record some demos with the band, but left again for the United States before sessions formally began in order to complete graduate school. Bassist Zhang Ju had also been singing lead since Kuos departure, but Kuo insisted that Ding Wu be designated lead vocalist instead, thereby cementing Dings position as Tang Dynastys frontman.[1] According to Ding Wu, a significant portion of the songs melodies were not established until recording was underway,[8] although he later clarified that the band had completed most of the instrumentals before entering the studio.[6] The album was engineered by Wang Lao Ge (Chinese: 老哥; lit. Old Brother) Xinbo (Chinese: 王昕波), who had worked on Cui Jians Rock n Roll on the New Long March and Black Panthers debut album.[9] It was also the first album by a mainland Chinese band to be produced by Jeff Chia (Chinese: 贾敏恕; pinyin: Jiǎ Mǐnshù), who would go on to record other notable Beijing artists for the Magic Stone label. Chia recalled the making of Tang Dynasty as an intensive, around-the-clock process, and that an armed guard was stationed outside the studio as they worked. Despite having never worked with a rock band before, Chia noted the ease with which he and the band members could communicate musical ideas, which streamlined the otherwise stressful undertaking.[7] Tang Dynasty was released domestically in December 1991.[10] Magic Stone Records spent the next year launching a massive overseas marketing campaign,[1] securing the band a following in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore.[11] Five high-budget music videos for A Dream Return to Tang Dynasty, The Sun, Nine Rhythm, Choice, and Moon Dreams were shot and released. As Kuo noted, Nothing like that had ever been done for a Chinese band.[1]
Zhou. Zhou may refer to:
Singapore. in Southeast Asia Singapore,[f] officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The countrys territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south along with the Riau Islands in Indonesia, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor along with the State of Johor in Malaysia to the north. In its early history, Singapore was a maritime emporium known as Temasek; subsequently, it was part of a major constituent part of several successive thalassocratic empires. Its contemporary era began in 1819, when Stamford Raffles established Singapore as an entrepôt trading post of the British Empire. In 1867, Singapore came under the direct control of Britain as part of the Straits Settlements. During World War II, Singapore was occupied by Japan in 1942 and returned to British control as a Crown colony following Japans surrender in 1945. Singapore gained self-governance in 1959 and, in 1963, became part of the new federation of Malaysia, alongside Malaya, North Borneo, and Sarawak. Ideological differences led to Singapores expulsion from the federation two years later; Singapore became an independent sovereign country in 1965. After early years of turbulence and despite lacking natural resources and a hinterland, the nation rapidly developed to become one of the Four Asian Tigers. As a highly developed country, it has the highest PPP-adjusted GDP per capita in the world. It is also identified as a tax haven. Singapore is the only country in Asia with a AAA sovereign credit rating from all major rating agencies. It is a major aviation, financial, and maritime shipping hub and has consistently been ranked as one of the most expensive cities to live in for expatriates and foreign workers. Singapore ranks highly in key social indicators: education, healthcare, quality of life, personal safety, infrastructure, and housing, with a home-ownership rate of 88 percent. Singaporeans enjoy one of the longest life expectancies, fastest Internet connection speeds, lowest infant mortality rates, and lowest levels of corruption in the world. Singapore is organised into five regions and 55 planning areas. It has the third highest population density of any country, although there are numerous green and recreational spaces as a result of urban planning. With a multicultural population and in recognition of the cultural identities of the major ethnic groups within the nation, Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. English is the common language, with exclusive use in numerous public services. Multi-racialism is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shape national policies.
Ethel Hill. Ethel Hill (1898–1954) was an American screenwriter and race horse owner.[1][2][3] One of her best-known scripts is for The Little Princess (1939), starring Shirley Temple. Ethel was born in Sacramento, California, the eldest daughter of Charles Hill and Susie Marston. The family moved to Los Angeles when Ethel was young, and she and her younger sister Garna attended high school in Santa Monica. When Dore Schary first went to work for Columbia Pictures as a new screenwriter, he was paired with the veteran Hill to learn from her; together, they wrote the screenplay for Fury of the Jungle (1933).[4] Hill was described by Marc Norman in his book What Happens Next: A History of American Screenwriting as an extremely dear and generous woman [who] had an interest in horses and often wore jodhpurs and riding gear to the studio.[4] Fellow screenwriter Gertrude Walker—who worked with Hill toward the end of her career at Republic Pictures—described her as a sweet old lady who always wore a shawl and bedroom slippers.[5] Hill bought the Thoroughbred race horse War Knight, a son of Preakness winner High Quest, as a foal with her $1500 life savings.[6] He went on to win 10 of 28 starts,[6] including the 1944 Arlington Handicap.[2] He was injured in 1945 and did not win any of his five 1946 starts[6] leading up to the $100,000 added Santa Anita Handicap, which he proceeded to win in a photo finish.[1][3] He retired to stud afterward.[6]
Dorothy Howell (screenwriter). Dorothy Howell (May 10, 1899 – June 8, 1971), was an American screenwriter active mostly during the 1920s and 1930s. Born to Elmer Howell and Carrie Lorenz, Dorothy was raised in Illinois alongside her younger brother Raymond. Raymond would go on to work at Hollywood studios as a technician, according to census records. Howell worked as a scenarist and screenwriter for Columbia for much of her career. She started out at Columbia as Harry Cohns secretary and was appointed assistant general production manager at the company in 1926.[1] Before joining Columbia, she had also worked as a secretary to executives Irving Thalberg and B.P. Schulberg. She was married to Mendel B. Silverberg, a prominent entertainment lawyer (who had previously been married to Alice Calhoun).[2][3]
Wu Zhu. Wu Zhu (Chinese: 五銖; pinyin: wǔ zhū) is a type of Chinese cash coin produced from the Han dynasty in 118 BC when they replaced the earlier San Zhu (Three Zhu) cash coins, which had replaced the Ban Liang (半兩) cash coins a year prior,[1] until they themselves were replaced by the Kaiyuan Tongbao (開元通寳) cash coins of the Tang dynasty in 621 AD. The name Wu Zhu literally means five zhu, with a zhu being a measuring unit officially weighing about 4 grams; however, in reality the weights and sizes of Wu Zhu cash coins varied over the years. During the Han dynasty, a very large quantity of Wu Zhu coins were cast, and their production continued under subsequent dynasties until the Sui.[2] The production of Wu Zhu cash coins was briefly suspended by Wang Mang during the Xin dynasty, but after the reestablishment of the Han dynasty, the production of Wu Zhu cash coins resumed. They continued to be manufactured for another 500 years, long after the fall of the Eastern Han dynasty.[3] Minting was definitively ended in 618 with the establishment of the Tang dynasty. Wu Zhu cash coins were cast from 118 BC to 618 AD, giving them a span of 736 years, which is the longest for any coin in human history.[4] Wu means five and zhu was an ancient Chinese unit of weight equal to 100 grains of millet. A five zhu cash coin would weigh about 4 grams (1⁄7 ounce). Originally Ban Liang cash weighed 12 Zhu as a Liang (tael) was 24 Zhu, however over time the weight of Ban Liang cash coins gradually decreased so the Wu Zhu cash coins were introduced as a new standard unit (after the earlier San Zhu, or 3 Zhu cash coins) under the reign of Emperor Emperor Wu.[5] The introduction of the Wu Zhu also fixed the standard exchange between bronze coins and gold as 10,000 bronze Wu Zhu cash coins would be worth 1 Jin of gold.[6] The first Wu Zhu cash coins had unfiled edges, but the second series issued under the reign of Emperor Wu were filed. In 118 BC the central government of the Han dynasty ordered both the Commanderies (郡; jùn) and the Principalities (國; guó) to cast Wu Zhu coins, so these Wu Zhu coins are referred to as jùn guó wǔ zhū (郡國五銖) coins which at most have a diameter 33.3 millimetres and a weight of 5.8 grams. A notable feature of Jun Guo Wu Zhu coins is that they have a rim around the square center hole of the reverse side. These rims were added to prevent people from scraping metal off the coins, which would reduce their value. Another notable feature of these early Wu Zhu coins is that they tend to have edges which are unfiled, making these cash coins have rough edges; they are notably also heavier than later cast Wu Zhu coins.[7] In 115 BC Emperor Wu decreed that all Wu Zhu cash coins should be cast with a value of 5 cash coins. These coins are known as chì zè wǔ zhū (赤仄五銖; red side Wu Zhu) or zhōng guān chì zè (鍾官赤仄; official unit red side) because as they were filed, they gained red or purple edges that showed as the copper became visible. Another feature of these cash coins is that the Wu (五) character tends to be composed of some rather straight lines. Starting from the year 113 BC, the central government regained the exclusive authority to manufacture coinage. From this point Wu Zhu cash coins started being produced by the Three Offices of Shang Lin (上林三官; shàng lín sān guān). These Wu Zhu coins had a nominal value of one coin as opposed to the Chi Ze Wu Zhus, which had an unrealistic nominal value of five. The majority of the Shang Lin San Guan Wu Zhus contain a raised line above the square center hole on the obverse side of the coin.[8]
Bermuda. Bermuda[c][d] is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. The closest land outside the territory is in the United States state of North Carolina, about 1,035 km (643 mi) to the west-northwest. Bermuda is an archipelago consisting of 181 islands, although the most significant islands are connected by bridges and appear to form one landmass. It has a land area of 54 square kilometres (21 sq mi). Bermuda has a tropical climate, with warm winters and hot summers. Its climate also exhibits oceanic features similar to other coastal areas in the Northern Hemisphere with warm, moist air from the ocean ensuring relatively high humidity and stabilising temperatures. Bermuda is prone to severe weather from recurving tropical cyclones; however, it receives some protection from a coral reef and its position north of the Main Development Region, which limits the direction and severity of approaching storms. Bermuda is a self-governing parliamentary democracy with a bicameral parliament located in the capital Hamilton. The House of Assembly dates from 1620, making it one of the worlds oldest legislatures. The premier is the head of government and is formally appointed by the governor, who is nominated by the British government as the representative of the King. The United Kingdom is responsible for foreign affairs and defence. An independence referendum was held in 1995 with a large majority voting against independence. The territory is divided into nine parishes. As of 2019, Bermuda had a population of around 64,000 people, making it the second-most populous of the British Overseas Territories. Black Bermudians, a diverse population primarily of any mixture of African, European, and Native American ancestry,[7][8] make up around 50% of the population, while White Bermudians, primarily of British, Irish and Portuguese descent, make up 30% of the population. There are smaller groups from other races or identifying as mixed race and about 30% of the population is not Bermudian by birth. The last remaining territory in the former British North America (following the 1867 Confederation of Canada and the Colony of Newfoundland becoming the Dominion of Newfoundland in 1907), Bermuda has a distinct dialect of English and has historically had strong ties with other English-speaking countries in the Americas, including the United States, Canada, and the Commonwealth Caribbean. It is an associate member of the Caribbean Community.
Roy William Neill. Roy William Neill (born Roland de Gostrie, 4 September 1887 – 14 December 1946) was an Irish-born American film director best known for producing and directing almost all of the Sherlock Holmes films starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, made between 1943 and 1946 and released by Universal Pictures.[1] With his father as the captain, Roy William Neill was born on a ship off the coast of Ireland. Neill lived in the United States for most of his career and was an American citizen. He began directing silent films in 1917 and went on to helm 111 films, 55 of them silent. He was also credited in some works as R. William Neill, Roy W. Neill, and Roy Neill. Neill was known for his striking visual style: meticulously lit scenes, careful compositions, and layered shadows that would become the tone of film noir in the late 1940s (his last film, Black Angel (1946), is considered a film noir). Neills imaginative direction and compositions were noticed by then-low-budget Columbia Pictures, which hired him in 1928. Roy William Neill became one of Columbias dependable directors. His best-known Columbia features are Whirlpool, a Jack Holt vehicle that introduced one of Columbias major stars, Jean Arthur; and The Black Room (1935), a costume thriller starring Boris Karloff in a dual role. Neill also directed additional scenes, without screen credit, for Frank Capras 1932 feature American Madness. In 1935 Neill left Columbia for a five-year stay in London, where better opportunities existed for American directors. British film producer Edward Black hired Neill to direct The Lady Vanishes. However, due to delays in production, Black engaged Alfred Hitchcock to direct instead.[2]
Robert North (producer). Robert North (February 2, 1884 – August 13, 1976) was an American vaudeville performer who became a success as a stand-up comedian. Later he became a prolific motion picture producer. Bobby North was born in New York City.[1] He joined a vaudeville company at the age of twelve as a boy balcony singer.[2] As North explained, ... there was a vogue of a soubrette, as we called her, singing on the stage, and a kid would get up from the gallery and sing the chorus. The Gallery Gods, of course, thought he was one of them and applauded loudly. I was the kid in the gallery. I had the voice and I could sing. North traveled around the US with the company playing in small town opera houses or theaters for one- or two-night stands.[1] He developed a song and dance act.[2] In January 1909 North performed as a Hebrew impersonator at the Colonial Theatre in New York. In this act he told humorous stories with a Jewish accent and sang parodies of popular songs. He would continue to perform this act between other roles.[3] These include a part in 1909 in the Emmerich Kálmán operetta The Gay Hussars, and a straight role in 1910 in the play Just a Wife.[3] North was a star of the Ziegfeld Follies of 1910. In one number he acted as a Jew in love with an Irish girl, and sang My Yiddisha Colleen to Shirley Kellogg. The song illustrates the common stereotypes and ethnic humor of the period, with verses like Ill jig and Irish reel each morning, if youll dance Kazotski evry dawn ... And Ill even kiss the Blarney stone, if youll change your name to Maggie Cohn.[4] North closed the second act of the Follies of 1910 with a solo performance of the Gus Edwards song The Waltzing Lieutenant.[5] Variety editor Sime Silverman praised Norths performance.[4] The 1910 Ziegfeld Follies played in over twenty theaters in major cities around the country, including Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Chicago, Des Moines, Kansas City and San Francisco, where North was the local favorite. The company of over one hundred traveled in style in a special train, and stayed at the best hotels.[6] North married Stella Maury, another vaudeville and Ziegfeld Follies trouper. Their son Edmund H. North was born in Manhattan on March 12, 1911 (Edmund later became a successful screenwriter).[7]
Jack Holt (actor). Charles John Holt, Jr.[1] (May 31, 1888 – January 18, 1951) was an American motion picture actor who was prominent in both silent and sound movies, particularly Westerns. Holt was born in 1888 in the Fordham section of The Bronx, New York, the son of an Episcopal priest at St. James Church.[2] When in Manhattan, he attended Trinity School. He was accepted into the Virginia Military Institute in 1909,[3] but expelled for misbehavior in his second semester there.[2] Following Holts fathers death, the family moved to Manhattan, where Jack, his mother, and brother Marshall lived with his married sister, Frances.[2] Holt worked at various jobs, including construction of the Pennsylvania Railroads tunnel under the Hudson River and being a surveyor, laborer, prospector, trapper, and stagecoach driver, among many other jobs during an almost six-year stay in Alaska.[2]
Metropolitan Museum of Manila. The Metropolitan Museum of Manila, also branded as the M, is a non-profit art museum located in Bonifacio Global City (BGC) in Taguig, that exhibits local and international contemporary art.[1] It bills itself as the Philippines premier museum for modern and contemporary visual arts by local and international artists.[2] Established since October 3, 1976, it was formerly located within the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) Complex along Roxas Boulevard in the Malate district of Manila. The museum initially exhibited international artists to expose Filipinos to contemporary visual works in other cultures. By 1986, its focus shifted to local works and extend its reach to more common people by offering bilingual exhibition texts and developing several outreach educational programs like workshops and symposia, thereby promoting local pride and identity.[3][4] Since 2022, the M has been relocated to its dedicated premises at the MK Tan Centre within the business district of Bonifacio Global City in Taguig. Formerly subsidized by the BSP, the management of the museum has now shifted to the Metropolitan Museum of Manila Foundation, Inc., initially established by former First Lady Imelda Marcos and businessman Bienvenido Tantoco, Sr. in 1979. In September 1986, seven months after the EDSA revolution, the museum acquired a new board of trustees and became a non-government organization.[5] The museum, which previously offered complimentary entry on Tuesdays, has extended this to all days during its operating hours from Tuesdays to Saturdays.[6] In April 2024, the museum announced a teaser for an upcoming exhibition called Banksy Universe, causing speculation on whether the exhibit would include works by Banksy. However, the announcement also caused criticism as some contrasted Banksys use of street art with the prevailing restrictions on street art and graffiti enforced in Bonifacio Global City, while others criticized the exhibition for running counter to Banksys subversive and anti-capitalist messaging in his art. Banksys managing agency, Pest Control, denied involvement in the upcoming exhibit.[7][8] The museum stated that the exhibit, like many Banksy exhibitions in museums around the world, was “not authorized or endorsed” by Banksy, and was instead created in partnership with an international art production collective to display Banksys works in an immersive setup.[9] The exhibit opened on May 14, 2024 and lasted until November 20.[10]
Index of Japan-related articles (C). This page lists Japan-related articles with romanized titles beginning with the letter C. For names of people, please list by surname (i.e., Tarō Yamada should be listed under Y, not T). Please also ignore particles (e.g. a, an, the) when listing articles (i.e., A City with No People should be listed under City).
Southern Tang. Southern Tang (Chinese: 南唐; pinyin: Nán Táng) was a dynastic state of China that existed during Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Located in southern China, the Southern Tang proclaimed itself to be the successor of the Tang dynasty. The capital was located at Nanjing in present-day Jiangsu Province. At its territorial peak in 951,[1] the Southern Tang controlled the whole of modern Jiangxi, and portions of Anhui, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangsu provinces.[4] The Southern Tang was founded by Li Bian in 937, when he overthrew emperor Yang Pu of Wu. He largely maintained peaceable relations with neighboring states. His son Li Jing did not follow this foreign policy, conquering the Min and Ma Chu dynasties in 945 and 951 respectively. The Later Zhou dynasty invaded the Southern Tang domain in 956 and defeated them by 958. Li Jing was forced to become a vassal of the Emperor Shizong of Later Zhou, cede all territory north of the Yangtze River, and relinquish his title of emperor. In 960, the Southern Tang became a vassal of the newly established Northern Song dynasty. After the Emperor Taizu of Song had defeated the Later Shu and the Southern Han, he ordered the conquest of the Southern Tang, which was completed in 975. The names and titles used by Southern Tang rulers changed several times throughout its existence. In the 930s Xu Zhigao ruled as king over a sizeable territory called Qi (齊) that existed within Wu. After deposing the Yang Imperial family in 937 he adopted the title of emperor and announced the creation Great Qi (大齊). The Zizhi Tongjian referred to this state as Tang from its foundation,[5] while the majority of historical sources, including the Old History of the Five Dynasties,[6] New History of the Five Dynasties,[7] and the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms,[8] referred to the state as Qi. They begin to use Tang only after Xu Zhigao adopted the name Li Bian in 939. Unlike the continual unrest and rebellions of the Central Plains, Tang rule across the Yangtze and Southern China had been generally more successful. These halcyon days had become a source of nostalgia for people in the south. This respect paid to the deposed dynasty became a useful political tool for Li Bian.[9] The Later Tang were overthrown in late 936, which opened the way for Li Bian to claim it.[10] In February 939 Li Bian renamed his realm to Great Tang (大唐).[11] Taking on the name of Tang increased his status. Such a move could be easily construed to mean the potential unification of [Chinese] territories under one ruler.[12]
Metropolitan Museum of Lima. The Metropolitan Museum of Lima (Spanish: Museo Metropolitano de Lima) is a museum located next to the Park of the Exhibition in Lima, Peru. The neoclassical building that houses the museum was designed by French architect Claude Sahut and built in 1924, formerly housing the countrys Ministry of Development and Public Works.[1] It was inaugurated on October 10, 2010.[2][3] The museum links the history of the city with the history of Peru using audiovisual resources such as scenery, videos and holograms, which covers the pre-Hispanic, viceregal and republican eras told by the characters who shaped it, such as Viceroy Amat, Rose of Lima, Pancho Fierro, José Olaya, José de San Martín, Simón Bolívar, Ricardo Palma, Abraham Valdelomar, Miguel Grau, among others. It has 27 projection rooms,[4] whose museographic direction was directed by filmmaker Luis Llosa.[5] It also contains a temporary exhibition hall, the Municipal Library, the Historical Archive and the Taulichusco auditorium. 12°03′49″S 77°02′13″W / 12.0636°S 77.0369°W / -12.0636; -77.0369
Fresno Metropolitan Museum of Art and Science. The Fresno Metropolitan Museum of Art and Science was a Smithsonian Institution Affiliate and American Alliance of Museums accredited museum located in downtown Fresno, California, in the San Joaquin Valley. The Museum was established in 1984 and was one of the largest museums between San Francisco and Los Angeles. The Met was housed in the historic 1922 Fresno Bee Building. In August 2005, the museum began an extensive interior renovation; the first of its kind since the Museums opening. The museum reopened on November 13, 2008, and closed on January 5, 2010, after defaulting on its renovation loans.[1] In 1978, a group of Fresno civic leaders began to explore the possibility of creating a regional museum for the San Joaquin Valley. From 1981 to 1985, these members of the community raised more than $5.5 million to open the Met in the historic downtown Fresno Bee building.[2] The Museum opened its doors to the community on April 8, 1984. Since that time, the Museum has attracted more than two million people with its programs in art and science with diverse exhibitions including A T. rex Named Sue, Masterworks from the Albertina, Georgia OKeeffe: Visions of the Sublime, Variations on a Theme: American Prints from Pop Art to Minimalism and Grossology: The (Impolite) Science of the Human Body. In 1995, the Museum became the first organization outside the Bay Area to win Northern Californias Award for Excellence in non-profit management from Chevron and The Management Center of San Francisco. In 1995, the Met received a Central California Excellence in Business Award in the non-profit category as presented by The Fresno Bee, and American Alliance of Museums accreditation status in July 2007. The Museum was named the Best Museum each year since 1999 by the readers of The Fresno Bee.
Hotel Metropolitan Museum. Hotel Metropolitan Museum is a museum in historic hotel building in Paducah, Kentucky, U.S. The Hotel Metropolitan provided lodging for African Americans traveling through the area;[1] was a stop on the Chitlin Circuit, and was listed in The Negro Motorist Green Book.[2] The Hotel Metropolitan Museum focuses on African American history.[1] Hotel Metropolitan was built in 1909 by its owner, Maggie Steed, to accommodate guests who were denied lodging at white-owned hotels due to discriminatory laws and practices of the Jim Crow South.[1][2] Hotel guests included Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald, and Thurgood Marshall.[3] Notable guests often gathered and performed in the hotels Purple Room.[1] The Purple Room, a freestanding building behind the hotel, was used as a gathering space and music venue. It was frequented by notable musicians staying in the hotel.[1] Steed died in 1924. Her son ran the hotel for a few years before selling it to Mamie Burbridge. In 1951, Burbridge sold it to the Gaines family whose son, Clarence Big House Gaines, donated it the Upper Town Heritage Foundation.[1][4] The hotel now houses a museum dedicated to its history.[5] In 2021, the museum received a grant from the National Trust for Historic Preservations African American Cultural Heritage action Fund for the purpose of restoring The Purple Room.[5]
Luoyang (disambiguation). Luoyang or Loyang is a prefecture-level city in Henan Province, China. Luoyang or Loyang may also refer to:
Empire. An empire is a realm controlled by an emperor or an empress and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries.[1] The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) has political control over the peripheries.[2] Within an empire, different populations may have different sets of rights and may be governed differently.[3] The word empire derives from the Roman concept of imperium. Narrowly defined, an empire is a sovereign state whose head of state uses the title of emperor or empress; but not all states with aggregate territory under the rule of supreme authorities are called empires or are ruled by an emperor; nor have all self-described empires been accepted as such by contemporaries and historians (the Central African Empire of 1976 to 1979, and some Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in early England being examples).[a] There have been ancient and modern, centralized and decentralized, ultra-brutal and relatively benign empires.[4] An important distinction has been between land empires made up solely of contiguous territories, such as the Roman Empire, Achaemenid Empire, the Mongol Empire, or the Russian Empire; and those - based on sea-power - which include territories that are remote from the home country of the empire, such as the Dutch colonial empire, the Empire of Japan, the Chola Empire or the British Empire.[4] Aside from the more formal usage, the concept of empire in popular thought is associated with such concepts as imperialism, colonialism, and globalization, with imperialism referring to the creation and maintenance of unequal relationships between nations and not necessarily the policy of a state headed by an emperor or empress. The word empire can also refer colloquially to a large-scale business enterprise (e.g. a transnational corporation), to a political organization controlled by a single individual (a political boss) or by a group (political bosses).[5] Empire is often used as a term to describe overpowering situations causing displeasure.[6] An empire is an aggregate of many separate states or territories under a supreme ruler or oligarchy.[7] This is in contrast to a federation, which is an extensive state voluntarily composed of autonomous states and peoples. An empire is a large polity which rules over territories outside of its original borders. Definitions of what physically and politically constitutes an empire vary. It might be a state affecting imperial policies or a particular political structure. Empires are typically formed from diverse ethnic, national, cultural, and religious components.[8] Empire and colonialism are used to refer to relationships between a powerful state or society versus a less powerful one; Michael W. Doyle has defined empire as effective control, whether formal or informal, of a subordinated society by an imperial society.[9] Imperialism for Doyle is simply the process of establishing and maintaining an empire.[10] Similarly, for Rein Taagepera imperialism is a policy of conquest and domination of foreign lands and populations.[11]
Old City of Luoyang. 34°43′43″N 112°37′21″E / 34.72861°N 112.62250°E / 34.72861; 112.62250 The Old City of Luoyang is a site located 15 kilometers east of the urban area of modern Luoyang. It was the capital of the Northern Wei dynasty. Emperor Yang of Sui rebuilt the city in 605. The Old City was listed as major cultural heritage sites under national-level protection in 1961, and as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in 2014, as one part of the larger Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Changan-Tianshan Corridor designation.[1] The existing structure and layout of the Old City is essentially left over from the Northern Wei dynasty, with a length of 10km from east to west and 7.5km from north to south. The total area is about 75 square kilometers. The existing important relics mainly include: the Northern Wei-era inner city wall (that is, Luoyang during the Han, Wei and Jin), the outer Guocheng City of the Northern Wei, Gongcheng, Jinyong, Yongning Temple and the base of the Yongning Temple Tower, Taiji Hall, Changhe Gate, Taixue of the Eastern Han, Mingtang, Biyong, Lingtai, Eastern Han Cemetery, Northern Wei Dashi, Rented Cattle and Horse Market, Eastern Han Prisoners Cemetery, etc., and unearthed a large number of cultural relics, including ceramics, clay statues, iron wares, copper coins (ware), gold and silver wares.[2]

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