message
stringlengths
1
38k
message_type
stringclasses
3 values
message_id
int64
0
2
conversation_id
int64
477
897k
cluster
float64
18
18
__index_level_0__
int64
1.43k
2.69M
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
842,986
18
2,528,476
Ernst Moro (1874-1951) was much more than the reflex that was named after him.
output
1
842,986
18
2,528,477
Ernst Moro is best known for the Moro reflex. On 7 May 1918, he gave a lecture in Heidelberg, discussing features of growth, nutrition and neurology during the first three months of an infant's life.
input
2
842,986
18
2,528,478
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
851,824
18
2,554,990
Chapter 100 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2
output
1
851,824
18
2,554,991
The third edition of the Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes aims to be a comprehensive reference work for the enzymes that cleave proteins and peptides, and contains over 850 chapters. Each chapter is organized into sections describing the name and history, activity and specificity, structural chemistry, preparation, biol...
input
2
851,824
18
2,554,992
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
854,869
18
2,564,125
Alkaline Phosphatase.
output
1
854,869
18
2,564,126
Several types of alkaline phosphatases (or alkaline phosphomonoesterase) are commonly used in molecular cloning, including bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIP, CIAP, or CAP). Similar enzymes isolated from more esoteric cold-blooded organisms (e.g., SAP from shrimp) have be...
input
2
854,869
18
2,564,127
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
857,144
18
2,570,950
Nucleotide sugar transporters of the Golgi apparatus
output
1
857,144
18
2,570,951
The Golgi apparatus is the major site of protein, lipid and proteoglycan glycosylation. The glycosylation enzymes, as well as kinases and sulfatases that catalyze phosphorylation and sulfation, are localized within the Golgi cisternae in characteristic distributions that frequently reflect their order in a particular p...
input
2
857,144
18
2,570,952
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
857,760
18
2,572,798
Chapter 19 Membrane Transport
output
1
857,760
18
2,572,799
Abstract Life depends on a membrane's ability to precisely control the level of solutes in the aqueous compartments, inside and outside, bathing the membrane. The membrane determines what solutes enter and leave a cell. Transmembrane transport is controlled by complex interactions between membrane lipids, proteins, and...
input
2
857,760
18
2,572,800
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
858,213
18
2,574,156
Reactive Oxygen Species: Not Omnipresent but Important in Many Locations
output
1
858,213
18
2,574,157
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide, have been established over decades of research as, on the one hand, important and versatile molecules involved in a plethora of homeostatic processes and, on the other hand, as inducers of damage, pathologies and diseases. Which effects R...
input
2
858,213
18
2,574,158
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
859,512
18
2,578,053
Pyridine Alkaloids with Activity in the Central Nervous System
output
1
859,512
18
2,578,054
This review discusses all pyridine alkaloids with CNS activity, their therapeutic potential, and the interesting array of sources whence they originate.
input
2
859,512
18
2,578,055
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
860,681
18
2,581,559
Physiologie der Atmung
output
1
860,681
18
2,581,560
Die Atmung ist der Gasaustausch mit der Umgebung: Sauerstoff (O(2)) aus der Luft wird in der Lunge gegen Kohlendioxid (CO(2)) aus dem Stoffwechsel der Zellen ausgetauscht. An der Atmung sind zwei Systeme des Körpers beteiligt: Das Herz-Kreislauf-System transportiert die beiden Gase von der Lunge zu den Geweben (Sauerst...
input
2
860,681
18
2,581,561
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
877,262
18
2,631,302
Hyperpolarization following activation of K(+) channels by excitatory postsynaptic potentials
output
1
877,262
18
2,631,303
We have postulated that an excitatory postsynaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) may open voltage-sensitive K(+) (‘M’) channels(1), in an appropriate depolarizing range, and that this could alter the e.p.s.p. waveform. Consequently, the fast e.p.s.p. in neurones of sympathetic ganglia, elicited by a nicotinic action of acetylch...
input
2
877,262
18
2,631,304
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
887,817
18
2,662,967
Protein crowding in the inner mitochondrial membrane
output
1
887,817
18
2,662,968
The inner membrane of mitochondria is known for its low lipid-to-protein ratio. Calculations based on the size and the concentration of the principal membrane components, suggest about half of the hydrophobic volume of the membrane is occupied by proteins. Such high degree of crowding is expected to strain the hydropho...
input
2
887,817
18
2,662,969
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
893,387
18
2,679,676
Binding Antibodies to Attached Cells or Tissues in Preparation for Staining.
output
1
893,387
18
2,679,677
Cells for staining are usually prepared from one of three sources: adherent cells, suspension cells, or whole tissues. Antibodies generally are applied directly to the area of the cells or tissues that is being studied. The antibodies can be labeled directly or they can be detected by using a labeled secondary reagent ...
input
2
893,387
18
2,679,678
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
893,899
18
2,681,212
Neuro-Oxysterols and Neuro-Sterols as Ligands to Nuclear Receptors, G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Ligand-Gated Ion Channels and other Protein Receptors.
output
1
893,899
18
2,681,213
The brain is the most cholesterol rich organ in the body containing about 25% of the body's free cholesterol. Cholesterol cannot pass the blood brain barrier and be imported or exported, instead it is synthesised in situ and metabolised to oxysterols, oxidised forms of cholesterol, which can pass the blood brain barrie...
input
2
893,899
18
2,681,214
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
894,369
18
2,682,622
Pathways of Photosynthesis in Non-Leaf Tissues
output
1
894,369
18
2,682,623
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Plants have leaves that are specialized organs to capture light energy. This energy is used to support photosynthesis, a process in which carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is incorporated into organic compounds in the plant to allow the plant to grow. Other parts of the plant, such as the stem, flowers...
input
2
894,369
18
2,682,624
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
894,710
18
2,683,645
Immunoelectron microscopic single and double labelling of aminopeptidase N (CD 13) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD 26)
output
1
894,710
18
2,683,646
Using ultrathin cryosections and immunogold labelling, aminopeptidase N (CD 13) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD 26) were localized on the luminal side of the brush border membrane of proximal tubular cells in human kidney as well as of enterocytes from rat small intestine. Furthermore, both enzymes could be detected on...
input
2
894,710
18
2,683,647
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
897,131
18
2,690,908
Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells☆
output
1
897,131
18
2,690,909
The alveolar epithelium is a thin continuous liquid lining layer primarily composed of two types of epithelial cells, i.e., alveolar type I (ATI) and alveolar type II (ATII) cells. ATI cells have a broad flattened morphology and cover about 95% of the gas exchange surface of the lung. Whilst, ATIIs are small cuboidal c...
input
2
897,131
18
2,690,910
Please summerize the given abstract to a title
instruction
0
897,425
18
2,691,790
Detection, Occurence And Isolation
output
1
897,425
18
2,691,791
Lectins are ubiquitous in nature, and are found in all classes of organism. They are easy to detect and often to isolate. In addition, many are available from commercial suppliers. They are now obtainable also by recombinant techniques. The classic, and still simplest, way to detect the presence of a lectin in a biolog...
input
2
897,425
18
2,691,792