message stringlengths 1 38k | message_type stringclasses 3
values | message_id int64 0 2 | conversation_id int64 477 897k | cluster float64 18 18 | __index_level_0__ int64 1.43k 2.69M |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 842,986 | 18 | 2,528,476 |
Ernst Moro (1874-1951) was much more than the reflex that was named after him. | output | 1 | 842,986 | 18 | 2,528,477 |
Ernst Moro is best known for the Moro reflex. On 7 May 1918, he gave a lecture in Heidelberg, discussing features of growth, nutrition and neurology during the first three months of an infant's life. | input | 2 | 842,986 | 18 | 2,528,478 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 851,824 | 18 | 2,554,990 |
Chapter 100 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 | output | 1 | 851,824 | 18 | 2,554,991 |
The third edition of the Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes aims to be a comprehensive reference work for the enzymes that cleave proteins and peptides, and contains over 850 chapters. Each chapter is organized into sections describing the name and history, activity and specificity, structural chemistry, preparation, biol... | input | 2 | 851,824 | 18 | 2,554,992 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 854,869 | 18 | 2,564,125 |
Alkaline Phosphatase. | output | 1 | 854,869 | 18 | 2,564,126 |
Several types of alkaline phosphatases (or alkaline phosphomonoesterase) are commonly used in molecular cloning, including bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIP, CIAP, or CAP). Similar enzymes isolated from more esoteric cold-blooded organisms (e.g., SAP from shrimp) have be... | input | 2 | 854,869 | 18 | 2,564,127 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 857,144 | 18 | 2,570,950 |
Nucleotide sugar transporters of the Golgi apparatus | output | 1 | 857,144 | 18 | 2,570,951 |
The Golgi apparatus is the major site of protein, lipid and proteoglycan glycosylation. The glycosylation enzymes, as well as kinases and sulfatases that catalyze phosphorylation and sulfation, are localized within the Golgi cisternae in characteristic distributions that frequently reflect their order in a particular p... | input | 2 | 857,144 | 18 | 2,570,952 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 857,760 | 18 | 2,572,798 |
Chapter 19 Membrane Transport | output | 1 | 857,760 | 18 | 2,572,799 |
Abstract Life depends on a membrane's ability to precisely control the level of solutes in the aqueous compartments, inside and outside, bathing the membrane. The membrane determines what solutes enter and leave a cell. Transmembrane transport is controlled by complex interactions between membrane lipids, proteins, and... | input | 2 | 857,760 | 18 | 2,572,800 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 858,213 | 18 | 2,574,156 |
Reactive Oxygen Species: Not Omnipresent but Important in Many Locations | output | 1 | 858,213 | 18 | 2,574,157 |
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide, have been established over decades of research as, on the one hand, important and versatile molecules involved in a plethora of homeostatic processes and, on the other hand, as inducers of damage, pathologies and diseases. Which effects R... | input | 2 | 858,213 | 18 | 2,574,158 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 859,512 | 18 | 2,578,053 |
Pyridine Alkaloids with Activity in the Central Nervous System | output | 1 | 859,512 | 18 | 2,578,054 |
This review discusses all pyridine alkaloids with CNS activity, their therapeutic potential, and the interesting array of sources whence they originate. | input | 2 | 859,512 | 18 | 2,578,055 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 860,681 | 18 | 2,581,559 |
Physiologie der Atmung | output | 1 | 860,681 | 18 | 2,581,560 |
Die Atmung ist der Gasaustausch mit der Umgebung: Sauerstoff (O(2)) aus der Luft wird in der Lunge gegen Kohlendioxid (CO(2)) aus dem Stoffwechsel der Zellen ausgetauscht. An der Atmung sind zwei Systeme des Körpers beteiligt: Das Herz-Kreislauf-System transportiert die beiden Gase von der Lunge zu den Geweben (Sauerst... | input | 2 | 860,681 | 18 | 2,581,561 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 877,262 | 18 | 2,631,302 |
Hyperpolarization following activation of K(+) channels by excitatory postsynaptic potentials | output | 1 | 877,262 | 18 | 2,631,303 |
We have postulated that an excitatory postsynaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) may open voltage-sensitive K(+) (‘M’) channels(1), in an appropriate depolarizing range, and that this could alter the e.p.s.p. waveform. Consequently, the fast e.p.s.p. in neurones of sympathetic ganglia, elicited by a nicotinic action of acetylch... | input | 2 | 877,262 | 18 | 2,631,304 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 887,817 | 18 | 2,662,967 |
Protein crowding in the inner mitochondrial membrane | output | 1 | 887,817 | 18 | 2,662,968 |
The inner membrane of mitochondria is known for its low lipid-to-protein ratio. Calculations based on the size and the concentration of the principal membrane components, suggest about half of the hydrophobic volume of the membrane is occupied by proteins. Such high degree of crowding is expected to strain the hydropho... | input | 2 | 887,817 | 18 | 2,662,969 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 893,387 | 18 | 2,679,676 |
Binding Antibodies to Attached Cells or Tissues in Preparation for Staining. | output | 1 | 893,387 | 18 | 2,679,677 |
Cells for staining are usually prepared from one of three sources: adherent cells, suspension cells, or whole tissues. Antibodies generally are applied directly to the area of the cells or tissues that is being studied. The antibodies can be labeled directly or they can be detected by using a labeled secondary reagent ... | input | 2 | 893,387 | 18 | 2,679,678 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 893,899 | 18 | 2,681,212 |
Neuro-Oxysterols and Neuro-Sterols as Ligands to Nuclear Receptors, G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Ligand-Gated Ion Channels and other Protein Receptors. | output | 1 | 893,899 | 18 | 2,681,213 |
The brain is the most cholesterol rich organ in the body containing about 25% of the body's free cholesterol. Cholesterol cannot pass the blood brain barrier and be imported or exported, instead it is synthesised in situ and metabolised to oxysterols, oxidised forms of cholesterol, which can pass the blood brain barrie... | input | 2 | 893,899 | 18 | 2,681,214 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 894,369 | 18 | 2,682,622 |
Pathways of Photosynthesis in Non-Leaf Tissues | output | 1 | 894,369 | 18 | 2,682,623 |
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Plants have leaves that are specialized organs to capture light energy. This energy is used to support photosynthesis, a process in which carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is incorporated into organic compounds in the plant to allow the plant to grow. Other parts of the plant, such as the stem, flowers... | input | 2 | 894,369 | 18 | 2,682,624 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 894,710 | 18 | 2,683,645 |
Immunoelectron microscopic single and double labelling of aminopeptidase N (CD 13) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD 26) | output | 1 | 894,710 | 18 | 2,683,646 |
Using ultrathin cryosections and immunogold labelling, aminopeptidase N (CD 13) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD 26) were localized on the luminal side of the brush border membrane of proximal tubular cells in human kidney as well as of enterocytes from rat small intestine. Furthermore, both enzymes could be detected on... | input | 2 | 894,710 | 18 | 2,683,647 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 897,131 | 18 | 2,690,908 |
Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells☆ | output | 1 | 897,131 | 18 | 2,690,909 |
The alveolar epithelium is a thin continuous liquid lining layer primarily composed of two types of epithelial cells, i.e., alveolar type I (ATI) and alveolar type II (ATII) cells. ATI cells have a broad flattened morphology and cover about 95% of the gas exchange surface of the lung. Whilst, ATIIs are small cuboidal c... | input | 2 | 897,131 | 18 | 2,690,910 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 897,425 | 18 | 2,691,790 |
Detection, Occurence And Isolation | output | 1 | 897,425 | 18 | 2,691,791 |
Lectins are ubiquitous in nature, and are found in all classes of organism. They are easy to detect and often to isolate. In addition, many are available from commercial suppliers. They are now obtainable also by recombinant techniques. The classic, and still simplest, way to detect the presence of a lectin in a biolog... | input | 2 | 897,425 | 18 | 2,691,792 |
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