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CURE FOR PNEUMONIA Dear DR, please i have a friend that has the above illness..I want to find out...since i want to marry her...is it an infectious illness,,and can it be totally cured. And how can i help her to get this cured..Please i really need your reply urgently
Viral pneumonias may be treated with anti-viral medications at the early stages of the infection. Treatments may also include corticosteroids, increased fluid intake, oxygen and humidified air. If you are unable to stay hydrated or need help with breathing, you might be hospitalized. At home, you could take drugs that control fever, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, drink plenty of fluids and get a lot of rest.
Viral pneumonia (Treatment): Antibiotics do not treat this type of lung infection. Medicines that treat viruses may work against some pneumonias caused by influenza and the herpes family of viruses. These medicines may be tried if the infection is caught early. Treatment may also involve: - Corticosteroid medicines - Increased fluids - Oxygen - Use of humidified air A hospital stay may be needed if you are unable to drink enough and to help with breathing if oxygen levels are too low. People are more likely to be admitted to the hospital if they: - Are older than 65 years or are children - Are unable to care for themselves at home, eat, or drink - Have another serious medical problem, such as a heart or kidney problem - Have been taking antibiotics at home and are not getting better - Have severe symptoms However, many people can be treated at home. You can take these steps at home: - Control your fever with aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen), or acetaminophen. DO NOT give aspirin to children because it may cause a dangerous illness called Reye syndrome. - DO NOT take cough medicines without first talking to your provider. Cough medicines may make it harder for your body to cough up sputum. - Drink plenty of fluids to help loosen secretions and bring up phlegm. - Get a lot of rest. Have someone else do chores.
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Rubella My grandson (4 yrs old) has contracted Rubella. I know for sure he has had at least one of the vaccines. They are living in Mexico right now. Should we be worried?
The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, usually given to children in the United States twice before they reach school age, is highly effective in preventing rubella. Rubella is a mild infection. Once you've had the disease, you're usually permanently immune. In rare cases, rubella can cause an ear infection (otitis media) or inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). No treatment will shorten the course of rubella infection, and symptoms are so mild that treatment usually isn't necessary. However, doctors often recommend isolation from others - especially pregnant women - during the infectious period. In rare instances when a child is infected with rubella, simple self-care measures are required: resting in bed as necessary, take acetaminophen (Tylenol) to relieve discomfort from fever and aches, and telling those who were or might be exposed to the infection that your child has rubella.
Rubella: Rubella, also called German measles or three-day measles, is a contagious viral infection best known by its distinctive red rash. Rubella is not the same as measles (rubeola), though the two illnesses do share some characteristics, including the red rash. However, rubella is caused by a different virus than measles, and is neither as infectious nor usually as severe as measles. The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, usually given to children in the United States twice before they reach school age, is highly effective in preventing rubella. Because of widespread use of the vaccine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has declared rubella eliminated in the United States, but cautions parents to make sure their children are vaccinated to prevent its reemergence. The signs and symptoms of rubella are often so mild they're difficult to notice, especially in children. If signs and symptoms do occur, they generally appear between two and three weeks after exposure to the virus. They typically last about two to three days and may include: - Mild fever of 102 F (38.9 C) or lower - Headache - Stuffy or runny nose - Inflamed, red eyes - Enlarged, tender lymph nodes at the base of the skull, the back of the neck and behind the ears - A fine, pink rash that begins on the face and quickly spreads to the trunk and then the arms and legs, before disappearing in the same sequence - Aching joints, especially in young women When to see a doctor Contact your doctor if you think you or your child may have been exposed to rubella or if you have the signs or symptoms listed above. If you're contemplating getting pregnant, check your vaccination record to make sure you've received your MMR inoculations. If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, especially during her first trimester, the virus can cause death or serious birth defects in her developing fetus. Rubella during pregnancy is the most common cause of congenital deafness. It's best for women to be protected against rubella before pregnancy. If you're pregnant, you'll likely undergo a routine screening for immunity to rubella. But if you've never received the vaccine and think you might have been exposed to rubella, contact your doctor immediately. A blood test might confirm that you're already immune. The cause of rubella is a virus that's passed from person to person. It can spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or it can spread by direct contact with an infected person's respiratory secretions, such as mucus. It can also be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her unborn child via the bloodstream. A person with rubella is contagious from 10 days before the onset of the rash until about one or two weeks after the rash disappears. An infected person can spread the illness before the person realizes he or she has it. Rubella is rare in the United States because most children receive a vaccination against the infection at an early age. However, cases of rubella do occur, mostly in unvaccinated foreign-born adults. The disease is still common in many parts of the world. The prevalence of rubella in other countries is something to consider before going abroad, especially if you're pregnant. Rubella is a mild infection. Once you've had the disease, you're usually permanently immune. Some women with rubella experience arthritis in the fingers, wrists and knees, which generally lasts for about one month. In rare cases, rubella can cause an ear infection (otitis media) or inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). However, if you're pregnant when you contract rubella, the consequences for your unborn child may be severe. Up to 90 percent of infants born to mothers who had rubella during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy develop congenital rubella syndrome. This syndrome can cause one or more problems, including: - Growth retardation - Cataracts - Deafness - Congenital heart defects - Defects in other organs - Mental retardation The highest risk to the fetus is during the first trimester, but exposure later in pregnancy also is dangerous. The rubella rash can look like many other viral rashes. So doctors usually confirm rubella with the help of laboratory tests. You may have a virus culture or a blood test, which can detect the presence of different types of rubella antibodies in your blood. These antibodies indicate whether you've had a recent or past infection or a rubella vaccine. No treatment will shorten the course of rubella infection, and symptoms are so mild that treatment usually isn't necessary. However, doctors often recommend isolation from others - especially pregnant women - during the infectious period. If you contract rubella while you're pregnant, discuss the risks to your baby with your doctor. If you wish to continue your pregnancy, you may be given antibodies called hyperimmune globulin that can fight off the infection. This can reduce your symptoms, but doesn't eliminate the possibility of your baby developing congenital rubella syndrome. Support of an infant born with congenital rubella syndrome varies depending on the extent of the infant's problems. Children with multiple complications may require early treatment from a team of specialists. In rare instances when a child or adult is infected with rubella, simple self-care measures are required: - Rest in bed as necessary. - Take acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) to relieve discomfort from fever and aches. - Tell friends, family and co-workers - especially pregnant women - about your diagnosis if they may have been exposed to the disease. - Avoid people who have conditions that cause deficient or suppressed immune systems. - Tell your child's school or child care provider that your child has rubella.
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what the treatment for bronchitis
Most cases of acute bronchitis get better without treatment, usually within a couple of weeks. Because most cases of bronchitis are caused by viral infections, antibiotics aren't effective. If doctors suspect that the infection is bacterial, they may prescribe an antibiotic. Doctors may also recommend cough medicine and cough suppressants at bedtime. For patients who have allergies, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), doctors may recommend an inhaler to reduce inflammation and open narrowed passages in the lungs. For chronic bronchitis, pulmonary rehabilitation - a breathing exercise program that teaches how to breathe more easily and increase ability to exercise, may help.
Bronchitis (Treatment): Most cases of acute bronchitis get better without treatment, usually within a couple of weeks. Medications Because most cases of bronchitis are caused by viral infections, antibiotics aren't effective. However, if your doctor suspects that you have a bacterial infection, he or she may prescribe an antibiotic. In some circumstances, your doctor may recommend other medications, including: - Cough medicine. If your cough keeps you from sleeping, you might try cough suppressants at bedtime. - Other medications. If you have allergies, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), your doctor may recommend an inhaler and other medications to reduce inflammation and open narrowed passages in your lungs. Therapies If you have chronic bronchitis, you may benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation - a breathing exercise program in which a respiratory therapist teaches you how to breathe more easily and increase your ability to exercise.
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what the treatment for bronchitis
Most cases of acute bronchitis get better without treatment, usually within a week. Cases of bronchitis that are caused by viral infections do not need antibiotics. If doctors suspect that the infection is bacterial, they may prescribe an antibiotic. Sometimes, corticosteroid medicine is also needed to reduce inflammation in the lungs. Doctors may also recommend cough medicine containing guaifenesin. The following steps may help: drinking plenty of fluids; getting rest; taking aspirin or acetaminophen case of a fever; using a humidifier or steam in the bathroom; quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke and air pollution; wash hands often to avoid spreading viruses and other germs.
What are the treatments for Bronchitis - acute?: Most people DO NOT need antibiotics for acute bronchitis. The infection will almost always go away on its own within 1 week. Doing these things may help you feel better: - Drink plenty of fluids. - If you have asthma or another chronic lung condition, use your inhaler. - Get plenty of rest. - Take aspirin or acetaminophen (Tylenol and other brands) if you have a fever. Do not give aspirin to children. - Use a humidifier or steam in the bathroom. Certain medicines that you can buy without a prescription can help break up or loosen mucus. Look for the word "guaifenesin" on the label. Ask the pharmacist if you need help finding it. If your symptoms do not improve or if you are wheezing, your doctor may prescribe an inhaler to open your airways. If your doctor thinks you also have bacteria in your airways, he or she may prescribe antibiotics. This medicine will only get rid of bacteria, not viruses. A bacterial infection is more common if you also have a chronic lung disease like COPD. Sometimes, bacteria may infect the airways along with the virus. If your doctor thinks this has happened, you may be prescribed antibiotics. Sometimes, corticosteroid medicine is also needed to reduce inflammation in the lungs. Other tips include: - Do not smoke. - Avoid secondhand smoke and air pollution. - Wash your hands (and your children's hands) often to avoid spreading viruses and other germs.
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CURE FOR PNEUMONIA Dear DR, please i have a friend that has the above illness..I want to find out...since i want to marry her...is it an infectious illness,,and can it be totally cured. And how can i help her to get this cured..Please i really need your reply urgently
Medicines that treat viruses may work against some pneumonias caused by influenza and the herpes family of viruses. These medicines may be tried if the infection is caught early. Treatment may also involve: - Corticosteroid medicines - Increased fluids - Oxygen - Use of humidified air A hospital stay may be needed if you are unable to drink enough and to help with breathing if oxygen levels are too low. ... You can take these steps at home: - Control your fever with aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen), or acetaminophen. ... DO NOT take cough medicines without first talking to your provider. Cough medicines may make it harder for your body to cough up sputum. - Drink plenty of fluids to help loosen secretions and bring up phlegm. - Get a lot of rest. Have someone else do chores.
Viral pneumonia (Treatment): Antibiotics do not treat this type of lung infection. Medicines that treat viruses may work against some pneumonias caused by influenza and the herpes family of viruses. These medicines may be tried if the infection is caught early. Treatment may also involve: - Corticosteroid medicines - Increased fluids - Oxygen - Use of humidified air A hospital stay may be needed if you are unable to drink enough and to help with breathing if oxygen levels are too low. People are more likely to be admitted to the hospital if they: - Are older than 65 years or are children - Are unable to care for themselves at home, eat, or drink - Have another serious medical problem, such as a heart or kidney problem - Have been taking antibiotics at home and are not getting better - Have severe symptoms However, many people can be treated at home. You can take these steps at home: - Control your fever with aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen), or acetaminophen. DO NOT give aspirin to children because it may cause a dangerous illness called Reye syndrome. - DO NOT take cough medicines without first talking to your provider. Cough medicines may make it harder for your body to cough up sputum. - Drink plenty of fluids to help loosen secretions and bring up phlegm. - Get a lot of rest. Have someone else do chores.
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Rubella My grandson (4 yrs old) has contracted Rubella. I know for sure he has had at least one of the vaccines. They are living in Mexico right now. Should we be worried?
The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, usually given to children in the United States twice before they reach school age, is highly effective in preventing rubella. Rubella is a mild infection. Once you've had the disease, you're usually permanently immune. In rare cases, rubella can cause an ear infection (otitis media) or inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). No treatment will shorten the course of rubella infection, and symptoms are so mild that treatment usually isn't necessary. However, doctors often recommend isolation from others - especially pregnant women - during the infectious period. In rare instances when a child or adult is infected with rubella, simple self-care measures are required: - Rest in bed as necessary. - Take acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) to relieve discomfort from fever and aches. - Tell your child's school or child care provider that your child has rubella.
Rubella: Rubella, also called German measles or three-day measles, is a contagious viral infection best known by its distinctive red rash. Rubella is not the same as measles (rubeola), though the two illnesses do share some characteristics, including the red rash. However, rubella is caused by a different virus than measles, and is neither as infectious nor usually as severe as measles. The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, usually given to children in the United States twice before they reach school age, is highly effective in preventing rubella. Because of widespread use of the vaccine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has declared rubella eliminated in the United States, but cautions parents to make sure their children are vaccinated to prevent its reemergence. The signs and symptoms of rubella are often so mild they're difficult to notice, especially in children. If signs and symptoms do occur, they generally appear between two and three weeks after exposure to the virus. They typically last about two to three days and may include: - Mild fever of 102 F (38.9 C) or lower - Headache - Stuffy or runny nose - Inflamed, red eyes - Enlarged, tender lymph nodes at the base of the skull, the back of the neck and behind the ears - A fine, pink rash that begins on the face and quickly spreads to the trunk and then the arms and legs, before disappearing in the same sequence - Aching joints, especially in young women When to see a doctor Contact your doctor if you think you or your child may have been exposed to rubella or if you have the signs or symptoms listed above. If you're contemplating getting pregnant, check your vaccination record to make sure you've received your MMR inoculations. If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, especially during her first trimester, the virus can cause death or serious birth defects in her developing fetus. Rubella during pregnancy is the most common cause of congenital deafness. It's best for women to be protected against rubella before pregnancy. If you're pregnant, you'll likely undergo a routine screening for immunity to rubella. But if you've never received the vaccine and think you might have been exposed to rubella, contact your doctor immediately. A blood test might confirm that you're already immune. The cause of rubella is a virus that's passed from person to person. It can spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or it can spread by direct contact with an infected person's respiratory secretions, such as mucus. It can also be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her unborn child via the bloodstream. A person with rubella is contagious from 10 days before the onset of the rash until about one or two weeks after the rash disappears. An infected person can spread the illness before the person realizes he or she has it. Rubella is rare in the United States because most children receive a vaccination against the infection at an early age. However, cases of rubella do occur, mostly in unvaccinated foreign-born adults. The disease is still common in many parts of the world. The prevalence of rubella in other countries is something to consider before going abroad, especially if you're pregnant. Rubella is a mild infection. Once you've had the disease, you're usually permanently immune. Some women with rubella experience arthritis in the fingers, wrists and knees, which generally lasts for about one month. In rare cases, rubella can cause an ear infection (otitis media) or inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). However, if you're pregnant when you contract rubella, the consequences for your unborn child may be severe. Up to 90 percent of infants born to mothers who had rubella during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy develop congenital rubella syndrome. This syndrome can cause one or more problems, including: - Growth retardation - Cataracts - Deafness - Congenital heart defects - Defects in other organs - Mental retardation The highest risk to the fetus is during the first trimester, but exposure later in pregnancy also is dangerous. The rubella rash can look like many other viral rashes. So doctors usually confirm rubella with the help of laboratory tests. You may have a virus culture or a blood test, which can detect the presence of different types of rubella antibodies in your blood. These antibodies indicate whether you've had a recent or past infection or a rubella vaccine. No treatment will shorten the course of rubella infection, and symptoms are so mild that treatment usually isn't necessary. However, doctors often recommend isolation from others - especially pregnant women - during the infectious period. If you contract rubella while you're pregnant, discuss the risks to your baby with your doctor. If you wish to continue your pregnancy, you may be given antibodies called hyperimmune globulin that can fight off the infection. This can reduce your symptoms, but doesn't eliminate the possibility of your baby developing congenital rubella syndrome. Support of an infant born with congenital rubella syndrome varies depending on the extent of the infant's problems. Children with multiple complications may require early treatment from a team of specialists. In rare instances when a child or adult is infected with rubella, simple self-care measures are required: - Rest in bed as necessary. - Take acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) to relieve discomfort from fever and aches. - Tell friends, family and co-workers - especially pregnant women - about your diagnosis if they may have been exposed to the disease. - Avoid people who have conditions that cause deficient or suppressed immune systems. - Tell your child's school or child care provider that your child has rubella.
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CURE FOR PNEUMONIA Dear DR, please i have a friend that has the above illness..I want to find out...since i want to marry her...is it an infectious illness,,and can it be totally cured. And how can i help her to get this cured..Please i really need your reply urgently
Viral pneumonias may be treated with anti-viral medications at the early stages of the infection. Treatments may also include corticosteroids, increased fluid intake, oxygen and humidified air. If you are unable to stay hydrated or need help with breathing, you might be hospitalized. At home, you could take drugs that control fever, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, drink plenty of fluids and get a lot of rest.
Viral pneumonia Pneumonia - viral Walking pneumonia - viral Summary Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. Viral pneumonia is caused by a virus. Causes Viral pneumonia is more likely to occur in young children and older adults. This is because their bodies have a harder time fighting off the virus than people with a strong immune system. Viral pneumonia is most often caused by one of several viruses: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Influenza Parainfluenza Adenovirus (less common) Measles Serious viral pneumonia is more likely to happen in those with a weakened immune system, such as: Babies who are born too early Children with heart and lung problems People who have HIV/AIDS People receiving chemotherapy for cancer, or other medicines that weaken the immune system People who have had an organ transplant Symptoms Symptoms of viral pneumonia often begin slowly and may not be severe at first. The most common symptoms of pneumonia are: Cough (with some pneumonias you may cough up mucus, or even bloody mucus) Fever Shaking chills Shortness of breath (may only occur when you exert yourself) Other symptoms include: Confusion, often in older people Excessive sweating and clammy skin Headache Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough Fatigue Exams and Tests The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about the symptoms. If the provider thinks you have pneumonia, you will also have a chest x-ray. This is because the physical exam may not be able to tell pneumonia from other respiratory infections. Depending on how severe your symptoms are, other tests may be done, including: Complete blood count (CBC) CT scan of the chest Blood cultures to check for viruses in the blood (or bacteria that might cause secondary infections) Bronchoscopy (rarely needed) Throat and nose swab tests to check for viruses such as the flu Open lung biopsy (only done in very serious illnesses when the diagnosis cannot be made from other sources) Sputum culture (to rule out other causes) Measuring levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood Treatment Antibiotics do not treat this type of lung infection. Medicines that treat viruses may work against some pneumonias caused by influenza and the herpes family of viruses. These medicines may be tried if the infection is caught early. Treatment may also involve: Corticosteroid medicines Increased fluids Oxygen Use of humidified air A hospital stay may be needed if you are unable to drink enough and to help with breathing if oxygen levels are too low. People are more likely to be admitted to the hospital if they: Are older than 65 years or are children Are unable to care for themselves at home, eat, or drink Have another serious medical problem, such as a heart or kidney problem Have been taking antibiotics at home and are not getting better Have severe symptoms However, many people can be treated at home. You can take these steps at home: Control your fever with aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen), or acetaminophen. DO NOT give aspirin to children because it may cause a dangerous illness called Reye syndrome. DO NOT take cough medicines without first talking to your provider. Cough medicines may make it harder for your body to cough up sputum. Drink plenty of fluids to help loosen secretions and bring up phlegm. Get a lot of rest. Have someone else do chores. Outlook (Prognosis) Most cases of viral pneumonia are mild and get better without treatment within 1 to 3 weeks. Some cases are more serious and require a hospital stay. Possible Complications More serious infections can result in respiratory failure, liver failure, and heart failure. Sometimes, bacterial infections occur during or just after viral pneumonia, which may lead to more serious forms of pneumonia. When to Contact a Medical Professional Call your provider if symptoms of viral pneumonia develop or your condition gets worse after starting to improve. Prevention Wash your hands often, after blowing your nose, going to the bathroom, diapering a baby, and before eating or preparing food. DO NOT smoke. Tobacco damages your lungs' ability to ward off infection. A medicine called palivizumab (Synagis) may be given to children under 24 months old to prevent RSV. The flu vaccine, is given each year to prevent pneumonia caused by the flu virus. Those who are older and those with diabetes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer, or weakened immune systems should be sure to get the flu vaccine. If your immune system is weak, stay away from crowds. Ask visitors who have a cold to wear a mask and wash their hands. Review Date 7/28/2018 Updated by: Denis Hadjiliadis, MD, MHS, Paul F. Harron, Jr. Associate Professor of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
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Rubella My grandson (4 yrs old) has contracted Rubella. I know for sure he has had at least one of the vaccines. They are living in Mexico right now. Should we be worried?
The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, usually given to children in the United States twice before they reach school age, is highly effective in preventing rubella. Rubella is a mild infection. Once you've had the disease, you're usually permanently immune. In rare cases, rubella can cause an ear infection (otitis media) or inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). No treatment will shorten the course of rubella infection, and symptoms are so mild that treatment usually isn't necessary. However, doctors often recommend isolation from others - especially pregnant women - during the infectious period. In rare instances when a child is infected with rubella, simple self-care measures are required: resting in bed as necessary, take acetaminophen (Tylenol) to relieve discomfort from fever and aches, and telling those who were or might be exposed to the infection that your child has rubella.
Rubella Overview Rubella, also called German measles or three-day measles, is a contagious viral infection best known by its distinctive red rash. Rubella is not the same as measles (rubeola), though the two illnesses do share some characteristics, including the red rash. However, rubella is caused by a different virus than measles, and is neither as infectious nor usually as severe as measles. The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, usually given to children in the United States twice before they reach school age, is highly effective in preventing rubella. Because of widespread use of the vaccine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has declared rubella eliminated in the United States, but cautions parents to make sure their children are vaccinated to prevent its reemergence. Symptoms The signs and symptoms of rubella are often so mild they're difficult to notice, especially in children. If signs and symptoms do occur, they generally appear between two and three weeks after exposure to the virus. They typically last about two to three days and may include: - Mild fever of 102 F (38.9 C) or lower - Headache - Stuffy or runny nose - Inflamed, red eyes - Enlarged, tender lymph nodes at the base of the skull, the back of the neck and behind the ears - A fine, pink rash that begins on the face and quickly spreads to the trunk and then the arms and legs, before disappearing in the same sequence - Aching joints, especially in young women When to see a doctor Contact your doctor if you think you or your child may have been exposed to rubella or if you have the signs or symptoms listed above. If you're contemplating getting pregnant, check your vaccination record to make sure you've received your MMR inoculations. If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, especially during her first trimester, the virus can cause death or serious birth defects in her developing fetus. Rubella during pregnancy is the most common cause of congenital deafness. It's best for women to be protected against rubella before pregnancy. If you're pregnant, you'll likely undergo a routine screening for immunity to rubella. But if you've never received the vaccine and think you might have been exposed to rubella, contact your doctor immediately. A blood test might confirm that you're already immune. Causes The cause of rubella is a virus that's passed from person to person. It can spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or it can spread by direct contact with an infected person's respiratory secretions, such as mucus. It can also be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her unborn child via the bloodstream. A person with rubella is contagious from 10 days before the onset of the rash until about one or two weeks after the rash disappears. An infected person can spread the illness before the person realizes he or she has it. Rubella is rare in the United States because most children receive a vaccination against the infection at an early age. However, cases of rubella do occur, mostly in unvaccinated foreign-born adults. The disease is still common in many parts of the world. The prevalence of rubella in other countries is something to consider before going abroad, especially if you're pregnant. Complications Rubella is a mild infection. Once you've had the disease, you're usually permanently immune. Some women with rubella experience arthritis in the fingers, wrists and knees, which generally lasts for about one month. In rare cases, rubella can cause an ear infection (otitis media) or inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). However, if you're pregnant when you contract rubella, the consequences for your unborn child may be severe. Up to 90 percent of infants born to mothers who had rubella during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy develop congenital rubella syndrome. This syndrome can cause one or more problems, including: - Growth retardation - Cataracts - Deafness - Congenital heart defects - Defects in other organs - Mental retardation The highest risk to the fetus is during the first trimester, but exposure later in pregnancy also is dangerous. Diagnosis The rubella rash can look like many other viral rashes. So doctors usually confirm rubella with the help of laboratory tests. You may have a virus culture or a blood test, which can detect the presence of different types of rubella antibodies in your blood. These antibodies indicate whether you've had a recent or past infection or a rubella vaccine. Treatment No treatment will shorten the course of rubella infection, and symptoms are so mild that treatment usually isn't necessary. However, doctors often recommend isolation from others - especially pregnant women - during the infectious period. If you contract rubella while you're pregnant, discuss the risks to your baby with your doctor. If you wish to continue your pregnancy, you may be given antibodies called hyperimmune globulin that can fight off the infection. This can reduce your symptoms, but doesn't eliminate the possibility of your baby developing congenital rubella syndrome. Support of an infant born with congenital rubella syndrome varies depending on the extent of the infant's problems. Children with multiple complications may require early treatment from a team of specialists. Lifestyle and home remedies In rare instances when a child or adult is infected with rubella, simple self-care measures are required: - Rest in bed as necessary. - Take acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) to relieve discomfort from fever and aches. - Tell friends, family and co-workers - especially pregnant women - about your diagnosis if they may have been exposed to the disease. - Avoid people who have conditions that cause deficient or suppressed immune systems. - Tell your child's school or child care provider that your child has rubella.
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CURE FOR PNEUMONIA Dear DR, please i have a friend that has the above illness..I want to find out...since i want to marry her...is it an infectious illness,,and can it be totally cured. And how can i help her to get this cured..Please i really need your reply urgently
Medicines that treat viruses may work against some pneumonias caused by influenza and the herpes family of viruses. These medicines may be tried if the infection is caught early. Treatment may also involve: - Corticosteroid medicines - Increased fluids - Oxygen - Use of humidified air A hospital stay may be needed if you are unable to drink enough and to help with breathing if oxygen levels are too low. ... You can take these steps at home: - Control your fever with aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen), or acetaminophen. ... DO NOT take cough medicines without first talking to your provider. Cough medicines may make it harder for your body to cough up sputum. - Drink plenty of fluids to help loosen secretions and bring up phlegm. - Get a lot of rest. Have someone else do chores.
Viral pneumonia Pneumonia - viral Walking pneumonia - viral Summary Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. Viral pneumonia is caused by a virus. Causes Viral pneumonia is more likely to occur in young children and older adults. This is because their bodies have a harder time fighting off the virus than people with a strong immune system. Viral pneumonia is most often caused by one of several viruses: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Influenza Parainfluenza Adenovirus (less common) Measles Serious viral pneumonia is more likely to happen in those with a weakened immune system, such as: Babies who are born too early Children with heart and lung problems People who have HIV/AIDS People receiving chemotherapy for cancer, or other medicines that weaken the immune system People who have had an organ transplant Symptoms Symptoms of viral pneumonia often begin slowly and may not be severe at first. The most common symptoms of pneumonia are: Cough (with some pneumonias you may cough up mucus, or even bloody mucus) Fever Shaking chills Shortness of breath (may only occur when you exert yourself) Other symptoms include: Confusion, often in older people Excessive sweating and clammy skin Headache Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough Fatigue Exams and Tests The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about the symptoms. If the provider thinks you have pneumonia, you will also have a chest x-ray. This is because the physical exam may not be able to tell pneumonia from other respiratory infections. Depending on how severe your symptoms are, other tests may be done, including: Complete blood count (CBC) CT scan of the chest Blood cultures to check for viruses in the blood (or bacteria that might cause secondary infections) Bronchoscopy (rarely needed) Throat and nose swab tests to check for viruses such as the flu Open lung biopsy (only done in very serious illnesses when the diagnosis cannot be made from other sources) Sputum culture (to rule out other causes) Measuring levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood Treatment Antibiotics do not treat this type of lung infection. Medicines that treat viruses may work against some pneumonias caused by influenza and the herpes family of viruses. These medicines may be tried if the infection is caught early. Treatment may also involve: Corticosteroid medicines Increased fluids Oxygen Use of humidified air A hospital stay may be needed if you are unable to drink enough and to help with breathing if oxygen levels are too low. People are more likely to be admitted to the hospital if they: Are older than 65 years or are children Are unable to care for themselves at home, eat, or drink Have another serious medical problem, such as a heart or kidney problem Have been taking antibiotics at home and are not getting better Have severe symptoms However, many people can be treated at home. You can take these steps at home: Control your fever with aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen), or acetaminophen. DO NOT give aspirin to children because it may cause a dangerous illness called Reye syndrome. DO NOT take cough medicines without first talking to your provider. Cough medicines may make it harder for your body to cough up sputum. Drink plenty of fluids to help loosen secretions and bring up phlegm. Get a lot of rest. Have someone else do chores. Outlook (Prognosis) Most cases of viral pneumonia are mild and get better without treatment within 1 to 3 weeks. Some cases are more serious and require a hospital stay. Possible Complications More serious infections can result in respiratory failure, liver failure, and heart failure. Sometimes, bacterial infections occur during or just after viral pneumonia, which may lead to more serious forms of pneumonia. When to Contact a Medical Professional Call your provider if symptoms of viral pneumonia develop or your condition gets worse after starting to improve. Prevention Wash your hands often, after blowing your nose, going to the bathroom, diapering a baby, and before eating or preparing food. DO NOT smoke. Tobacco damages your lungs' ability to ward off infection. A medicine called palivizumab (Synagis) may be given to children under 24 months old to prevent RSV. The flu vaccine, is given each year to prevent pneumonia caused by the flu virus. Those who are older and those with diabetes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer, or weakened immune systems should be sure to get the flu vaccine. If your immune system is weak, stay away from crowds. Ask visitors who have a cold to wear a mask and wash their hands. Review Date 7/28/2018 Updated by: Denis Hadjiliadis, MD, MHS, Paul F. Harron, Jr. Associate Professor of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
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Rubella My grandson (4 yrs old) has contracted Rubella. I know for sure he has had at least one of the vaccines. They are living in Mexico right now. Should we be worried?
The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, usually given to children in the United States twice before they reach school age, is highly effective in preventing rubella. Rubella is a mild infection. Once you've had the disease, you're usually permanently immune. In rare cases, rubella can cause an ear infection (otitis media) or inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). No treatment will shorten the course of rubella infection, and symptoms are so mild that treatment usually isn't necessary. However, doctors often recommend isolation from others - especially pregnant women - during the infectious period. In rare instances when a child or adult is infected with rubella, simple self-care measures are required: - Rest in bed as necessary. - Take acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) to relieve discomfort from fever and aches. - Tell your child's school or child care provider that your child has rubella.
Rubella Overview Rubella, also called German measles or three-day measles, is a contagious viral infection best known by its distinctive red rash. Rubella is not the same as measles (rubeola), though the two illnesses do share some characteristics, including the red rash. However, rubella is caused by a different virus than measles, and is neither as infectious nor usually as severe as measles. The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, usually given to children in the United States twice before they reach school age, is highly effective in preventing rubella. Because of widespread use of the vaccine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has declared rubella eliminated in the United States, but cautions parents to make sure their children are vaccinated to prevent its reemergence. Symptoms The signs and symptoms of rubella are often so mild they're difficult to notice, especially in children. If signs and symptoms do occur, they generally appear between two and three weeks after exposure to the virus. They typically last about two to three days and may include: - Mild fever of 102 F (38.9 C) or lower - Headache - Stuffy or runny nose - Inflamed, red eyes - Enlarged, tender lymph nodes at the base of the skull, the back of the neck and behind the ears - A fine, pink rash that begins on the face and quickly spreads to the trunk and then the arms and legs, before disappearing in the same sequence - Aching joints, especially in young women When to see a doctor Contact your doctor if you think you or your child may have been exposed to rubella or if you have the signs or symptoms listed above. If you're contemplating getting pregnant, check your vaccination record to make sure you've received your MMR inoculations. If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, especially during her first trimester, the virus can cause death or serious birth defects in her developing fetus. Rubella during pregnancy is the most common cause of congenital deafness. It's best for women to be protected against rubella before pregnancy. If you're pregnant, you'll likely undergo a routine screening for immunity to rubella. But if you've never received the vaccine and think you might have been exposed to rubella, contact your doctor immediately. A blood test might confirm that you're already immune. Causes The cause of rubella is a virus that's passed from person to person. It can spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or it can spread by direct contact with an infected person's respiratory secretions, such as mucus. It can also be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her unborn child via the bloodstream. A person with rubella is contagious from 10 days before the onset of the rash until about one or two weeks after the rash disappears. An infected person can spread the illness before the person realizes he or she has it. Rubella is rare in the United States because most children receive a vaccination against the infection at an early age. However, cases of rubella do occur, mostly in unvaccinated foreign-born adults. The disease is still common in many parts of the world. The prevalence of rubella in other countries is something to consider before going abroad, especially if you're pregnant. Complications Rubella is a mild infection. Once you've had the disease, you're usually permanently immune. Some women with rubella experience arthritis in the fingers, wrists and knees, which generally lasts for about one month. In rare cases, rubella can cause an ear infection (otitis media) or inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). However, if you're pregnant when you contract rubella, the consequences for your unborn child may be severe. Up to 90 percent of infants born to mothers who had rubella during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy develop congenital rubella syndrome. This syndrome can cause one or more problems, including: - Growth retardation - Cataracts - Deafness - Congenital heart defects - Defects in other organs - Mental retardation The highest risk to the fetus is during the first trimester, but exposure later in pregnancy also is dangerous. Diagnosis The rubella rash can look like many other viral rashes. So doctors usually confirm rubella with the help of laboratory tests. You may have a virus culture or a blood test, which can detect the presence of different types of rubella antibodies in your blood. These antibodies indicate whether you've had a recent or past infection or a rubella vaccine. Treatment No treatment will shorten the course of rubella infection, and symptoms are so mild that treatment usually isn't necessary. However, doctors often recommend isolation from others - especially pregnant women - during the infectious period. If you contract rubella while you're pregnant, discuss the risks to your baby with your doctor. If you wish to continue your pregnancy, you may be given antibodies called hyperimmune globulin that can fight off the infection. This can reduce your symptoms, but doesn't eliminate the possibility of your baby developing congenital rubella syndrome. Support of an infant born with congenital rubella syndrome varies depending on the extent of the infant's problems. Children with multiple complications may require early treatment from a team of specialists. Lifestyle and home remedies In rare instances when a child or adult is infected with rubella, simple self-care measures are required: - Rest in bed as necessary. - Take acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) to relieve discomfort from fever and aches. - Tell friends, family and co-workers - especially pregnant women - about your diagnosis if they may have been exposed to the disease. - Avoid people who have conditions that cause deficient or suppressed immune systems. - Tell your child's school or child care provider that your child has rubella.
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