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96 | 3.10. Removing an Unsuccessfully Demoted
Domain Controller
Problem
You want to manually remove a domain controller from Active Directory if the demo‐
tion process was unsuccessful or you are unable to bring a domain controller back online
after a hardware or software failure.
Solution
Use the following steps to remove ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
97 | snap-in when Advanced Features has been selected from the View menu (so the
System container will be displayed), or with the AdMod tool.
4. Delete the server object associated with the failed domain controller in the Active
Directory Sites and Services MMC.
Discussion
If the domain controller that you are forcibly remo... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
98 | 3.11. Renaming a Domain Controller
Problem
You want to rename a domain controller.
Solution
Your first step in renaming a domain controller is as follows, where <NewName> is a fully
qualified domain name (FQDN):
> netdom computername <CurrentName> /Add:<NewName>
The new name will be automatically replicated throughout ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
99 | 3.12. Finding the Domain Controllers for a Domain
Problem
You want to find the domain controllers in a domain.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Users and Computers snap-in (dsa.msc).
2. Right-click on the target domain and select Find.
3. In the Find drop-down box, select Computers... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
100 | 3.13. Finding the Closest Domain Controller
Problem
You want to find the closest domain controller for a particular domain.
Solution
Using a command-line interface
The following command finds the closest domain controller in the specified domain
(<DomainDNSName>); that is, a domain controller that is located in the sam... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
101 | Using PowerShell
Similar to nltest, you can specify additional criteria for finding a domain controller by
using the -Filter parameter. The following are some of the most used filters:
IsGlobalCatalog
IsReadOnly
Site
Service
3.14. Finding a Domain Controller’s Site
Problem
You need to determine the site of which a doma... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
102 | See Also
Recipe 3.13
3.15. Moving a Domain Controller to a Different Site
Problem
You want to move a domain controller to a different site.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Sites and Services snap-in (dssite.msc).
2. In the left pane, expand the site that contains the domain contro... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
103 | Discussion
When you install a new domain controller, a server object and nTDSDSA object for the
domain controller get added to the site topology. The Knowledge Consistency Checker
(KCC) and Intersite Topology Generator (ISTG) use these objects to determine whom
the domain controller should replicate with.
A domain cont... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
104 | See Also
Recipe 3.14 for finding a domain controller’s site; Recipe 4.20 for moving objects to
different containers
3.16. Finding the Services a Domain Controller
Is Advertising
Problem
You want to find the services that a domain controller is advertising.
Solution
The following command will display the list of service... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
105 | In the previous example, GTIMESERV denotes a DC that is a master time
server. WRITABLE denotes a DC that holds a writable copy of the Active
Directory database. Prior to Windows Server 2008, only NT 4.0 BDCs
would not possess this flag. Since 2008, Read-Only Domain Controllers
will also lack the WRITABLE flag.
Discussi... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
106 | 1. Launch the Active Directory Administrative Center.
2. In the left pane, select the domain and then double-click the Deleted Objects
container in the right pane.
3. In the Filter box near the top of the Active Directory Administrative Center, enter
the domain controller name to narrow down the displayed objects to th... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
107 | collisions. In a case where you want to restore an object that has been inadvertently
deleted, you need to perform an authoritative restore to prevent the deletion from re‐
propagating to the restored domain controller. You can mark an entire restore as au‐
thoritative, or any subtree of your AD environment down to a s... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
108 | Use this command with care, though, as resetting Winsock can cause network applica‐
tions such as antivirus scanners to malfunction and require reinstallation. A reboot is
required to complete the Winsock reset.
See Also
MS KB 299357 (How to reset Internet Protocol (TCP/IP))
3.19. Configuring a Domain Controller to Use... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
109 | <Peers> in the preceding code refers to a space-separated list of FQDNs
of external time servers. Each DNS name must be followed by ,0x1 for
the rest of these settings to take effect.
Once you have made these changes to the Registry, stop and restart the W32time service
by issuing the following commands:
> net stop w32... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
110 | To configure the PDC Emulator to use its own internal clock as a time
source instead of relying on an external clock, modify the HKLM\SYSTEM
\CurrentControlSet\Services\W32Time\Config\AnnounceFlags
DWORD value to contain a value of 0x0A.
The algorithm used by domain controllers to sync time gets quite complex. See the ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
111 | 3.21. Enabling the /3GB Switch to Increase the
LSASS Cache
Problem
You have installed more than 1 GB of memory on your 32-bit domain controllers and
want to enable the /3GB switch so that the LSASS process can use more memory.
Solution
Using a command-line interface
On a 32-bit Windows Server 2008 server, run the follo... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
112 | Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Sites and Services snap-in (dssite.msc).
2. Browse to the nTDSDSA object (NTDS Settings) underneath the server object for
the domain controller for which you want to enable or disable the global catalog.
3. Right-click on NTDS Settings and select Pr... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
113 | Discussion
The first domain controller promoted into a forest is also made a global catalog (GC)
server by default. In a single-domain environment, the global catalog server incurs no
memory or bandwidth overhead beyond that of a domain controller, so you could con‐
figure each DC in a single-domain forest as a GC with... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
114 | 3.23. Determining Whether Global Catalog Promotion
Is Complete
Problem
You want to determine whether a domain controller is a global catalog server. After you
initially enable the global catalog on a domain controller, it can take some time for all
of the read-only naming contexts to replicate to it, depending on the n... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
115 | Discussion
Once a server has completed initial replication of the global catalog, the attribute is
GlobalCatalogReady in the RootDSE will be set to TRUE. Another way to determine if
a domain controller has been at least flagged to become a global catalog is by checking
whether the options attribute on the nTDSDSA objec... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
116 | is a global catalog server yet. See Recipe 3.23 for more information on how to tell whether
a server marked as a global catalog is ready to accept requests as one.
See Also
Recipe 3.23 for determining whether global catalog promotion is complete
3.25. Finding the Domain Controllers or Global Catalog
Servers in a Site
P... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
117 | Discussion
Each domain controller has a server object within the Servers container for the site it
is a member of (e.g., cn=DC1,cn=Servers,cn=MySite,cn=site,cn=configura
tion,dc=adatum,dc=com). Since other types of servers can have server objects in a site’s
Servers container, domain controllers are differentiated by t... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
118 | Discussion
One of the benefits of Active Directory over its predecessor, Windows NT, is that it relies
on DNS for name resolution, which is the standard for name resolution on the Internet
and on most TCP/IP-based networks. Active Directory uses DNS to locate servers that
serve a particular function, such as a domain c... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
119 | Discussion
Each domain controller registers several SRV records that clients use as part of the DC
locator process to find the closest domain controller. Two fields of the SRV record let
clients determine which server to use when multiple possibilities are returned. The
Priority field is used to dictate whether a speci... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
120 | use unless all other domain controllers fail, or modify the Weight to reduce how often
it will be used.
You can modify this information manually within the DNS Management Console, or
for multiple DCs using Group Policy Objects in the Computer Configuration\Admin
istrative Templates\System\Net Logon\DC Locator DNS Recor... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
121 | 2. Right-click on Active Directory Domains and Trusts in the left pane and select
Operations Master.
For the PDC Emulator, RID Master, and Infrastructure Master:
1. Open the Active Directory Users and Computers snap-in (dsa.msc).
2. Make sure you’ve targeted the correct domain.
3. Right-click on Active Directory Users ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
122 | oleOwner attribute on various objects in Active Directory depending on the role.
Table 3-5 contains a list of FSMO roles.
Table 3-5. FSMO roles
Role Description fSMORoleOwner location Domain- or
forest-wide?
Schema Processes schema updates. cn=Schema,cn=Configura
tion,<ForestDN>
Forest
Domain Naming Processes the addit... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
123 | Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Use the same directions as described in Recipe 3.29 for viewing a specific FSMO,
except target (i.e., right-click and select Connect to Domain Controller) the domain
controller you want to transfer the FSMO to before selecting Operations Master.
2. Click the Change button.
3... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
124 | If a FSMO role owner becomes unavailable before you can transfer it, you’ll need to
seize the role (see Recipe 3.31).
Using a command-line interface
Any role can be transferred using ntdsutil by replacing "transfer PDC" in the solution
with one of the following:
• "transfer domain naming master"
• "transfer infrastruct... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
125 | • "seize domain naming master"
• "seize infrastructure master"
• "seize RID master"
• "seize schema master"
Using PowerShell
The following will seize the PDC Emulator role to <NewRoleOwner>:
> Move-ADDirectoryServerOperationMasterRole <NewRoleOwner> -PDCEmulator -Force
Discussion
Seizing a FSMO role should not be taken... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
126 | Discussion
The PDC Emulator FSMO role is the only FSMO role that is stored in DNS. Like many
of the other Active Directory−related DNS records, the PDC record is stored as an SRV
record under _ldap._tcp.pdc._msdcs.<DomainDNSName> where <DomainDNSName> is
the domain the PDC is in. This allows your Active Directory clien... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
127 | null | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
128 | CHAPTER 4
Searching and Manipulating Objects
4.0. Introduction
Active Directory is based on Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) and sup‐
ports the LDAP version 3 specification defined in RFC 2251. And while many of the
AD tools and interfaces, such as ADSI, abstract and streamline LDAP operations to
make thing... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
129 | Table 4-1. Common attributes of objects
Attribute Description
cn RDN attribute for most object classes, also referred to as the common name.
whenCreated Timestamp when the object was created. See Recipe 4.26 for more information.
description Multivalued attribute that can be used as a generic field for storing a descri... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
130 | 6. The contents of the RootDSE will be shown in the right pane.
Using a command-line interface
To display the RootDSE of a domain controller using AdFind, use the following syntax:
> adfind -rootdse
Using PowerShell
Get-ADRootDSE
You’ll see results similar to the following (truncated for readability):
configurationNami... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
131 | Discussion
The RootDSE was originally defined in RFC 2251 as part of the LDAPv3 specification.
It is not part of the Active Directory namespace per se. It is a synthetic object that is
maintained separately by each domain controller.
The RootDSE can be accessed anonymously using LDP; the command-line and Pow‐
erShell s... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
132 | 8. Click OK.
9. From the menu, select View→Tree.
10. For BaseDN, type the DN of the object you want to view.
11. For Scope, select Base.
12. Click OK.
Using a command-line interface
To obtain a list of attributes for a particular object using DSQuery, use the following
syntax:
> dsquery * "<ObjectDN>" -scope base -attr... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
133 | Description : Built-in account for administering the
computer/domain
DisplayName :
DistinguishedName : cn=Administrator,cn=Users,dc=adatum,dc=com
Division :
DoesNotRequirePreAuth : False
dSCorePropagationData : {9/27/2012 11:34:42 AM,↵
9/27/2012 11:34:42 AM,↵
9/27/2012 11:19:31 AM,↵
1/1/1601 10:12:16 AM}
EmailAddre... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
134 | ObjectCategory : cn=Person,cn=Schema,cn=Configuration,↵
dc=adatum,dc=com
ObjectClass : user
ObjectGUID : c897bc0a-b5d4-4025-8c10-b696e45ce780
objectSid : S-1-5-21-3384837461-4027165227-↵
453512602-500
Office :
OfficePhone :
Organization :
OtherName :
PasswordExpired : False
PasswordLastSet : 9/27/2012 10:18:17 AM
Pa... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
135 | Using a graphical user interface
You can customize the list of attributes returned from a search with LDP by modifying
the Attributes: field under Options→Search. To include all attributes, enter an asterisk
(*). To modify the default subset of attributes that are returned, enter a
semicolon-separated list of attribute... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
136 | 6. From the menu, select Connection→Bind.
7. Accept the default and bind as the currently logged on user or select the option to
bind with credentials and then enter the credentials.
8. Click OK.
9. From the menu, select Browse→Search.
10. Enter the base DN, scope, and LDAP filter of the objects that you’re looking for... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
137 | Discussion
Using PowerShell
The PowerShell commands can target a specific container or OU, as follows:
Get-ADObject -SearchBase "OU=Branches,dc=adatum,dc=com"↵
-Filter {(objectClass -eq "user") -and (objectCategory -eq "person")} |↵
Measure-Object | FL Count
Be careful with the filtering. The class and category of th... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
138 | Using a command-line interface
The AdFind and AdMod utilities will enable a number of LDAP controls, either by
default or through the use of various command-line switches. For example, the –show
del switch will invoke the Show Deleted Objects LDAP control, and -stats will invoke
the Show Stats control.
Using PowerShell... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
139 | Name OID Description
No referrals generated 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1339 Informs the server not to generate any referrals in a search response.
Domain or phantom
scope
1.2.840.113556.1.4.1340 Used to pass flags to the server to control search options.
Search Stats 1.2.840.113556.1.4.970 Used to return statistics about an LD... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
140 | Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open LDP.
2. From the menu, select Connection→Connect.
3. For Server, enter the name of a DC.
4. For Port, enter 389.
5. Click OK.
6. From the menu, select Options→Connection Options.
7. Under Option Name:, select LDAP_OPT_FAST_CONCURRENT_BIND.
8. Click the Set button. Then ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
141 | available. For example, if you bind to a user object using an ADSI fast bind, then only
the basic IADs interfaces will be available, not the IADsUser interfaces.
This is the complete list of interfaces that are available for objects retrieved with fast
binds:
• IADs
• IADsContainer
• IDirectoryObject
• IDirectorySearch... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
142 | 2. From the menu, select Connection→Connect.
3. For Server, enter the name of a domain controller (or leave it blank to do a serverless
bind).
4. For Port, enter 389.
5. Click OK.
6. From the menu, select Connection→Bind.
7. Accept the default and bind as the currently logged on user or select the option to
bind with c... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
143 | Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open LDP.
2. From the menu, select Connection→Connect.
3. For Server, enter the name of a domain controller (or leave it blank to do a serverless
bind).
4. For Port, enter 389.
5. Click OK.
6. From the menu, select Connection→Bind.
7. Accept the default and bind as the curre... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
144 | Using PowerShell
Get-ADObject (Get-ADRootDSE).DefaultNamingContext -Properties wellKnownObjects↵
| Select wellKnownObjects -ExpandProperty wellknownobjects
Discussion
The Domain NC in Active Directory contains a number of well-known GUIDs that
correspond to containers that exist in every AD implementation. These GUIDs... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
145 | 4.8. Searching for Objects in a Domain
Problem
You want to find objects in a domain that match certain criteria.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open LDP.
2. From the menu, select Connection→Connect.
3. For Server, enter the name of a domain controller (or leave it blank to do a serverless
bind).
4. For Po... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
146 | Querying for SAM account names of user objects with adfind takes the following
syntax:
> adfind -b dc=adatum,dc=com -f↵
"(&(objectclass=user)(objectcategory=person))" sAMAccountName
Both DSQuery and AdFind assume a default search scope of subtrees;
you need only to specify the search scope if you want to use a differe... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
147 | Using a command-line interface
<AttrList> should be a space-separated list of attributes to return. To return all at‐
tributes that have been populated with a value, leave this field blank or use an asterisk (*).
See Also
Recipe 4.2 for viewing attributes of objects; Recipe 4.9 for setting advanced ADO op‐
tions; RFC 2... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
148 | Using a command-line interface
To query the global catalog using DSQuery, use the following syntax:
> dsquery * <BaseDN> -gc -scope <Scope> -filter "<Filter>" -attr "<AttrList>"
To run a query using AdFind, use the following syntax:
> adfind -gc -b <BaseDN> -s <Scope> -f <Filter> <Attributes>
Using PowerShell
To query ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
149 | Using a command-line interface
The only difference between this solution and the one in Recipe 4.8, both for DSQuery
and AdFind, is the addition of the -gc flag.
See Also
Recipe 4.8 for searching for objects; Recipe 10.13
4.10. Searching for a Large Number of Objects
Problem
Your search is returning exactly 1,000 objec... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
150 | 12. For Filter, enter an LDAP filter.
13. Click Options to customize the options for this query.
14. For “Time limit,” enter a value such as 120.
15. For “Size limit,” enter the number of objects to be returned with each page (e.g.,
1,000).
16. Under Search Call Type, select Paged.
17. Click OK and then Run to perform ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
151 | Note that newer tools aren’t as limited as some of the tools that have been around a long
time. For example, the Active Directory Administrative Center displays up to 20,000
objects in a search by default.
Using a command-line interface
The only difference between this solution and the one in Recipe 4.8 is the addition... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
152 | 8. For Scope, select Base.
9. For Filter, enter an LDAP filter to match against the objects that are part of the
multivalued DN attribute.
10. Click Run.
Attribute-scoped queries can only be performed using a Base scope.
Using a command-line interface
AdFind allows attribute-scoped queries by using the -asq switch. For... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
153 | Filter
The filter will match against objects defined in the Control Value. For example, a
filter of (objectClass=computer) would match computer objects only. You can
also use any other attributes that are available with those objects. The following
filter would match all computer objects that have a Description attribu... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
154 | 9. From the menu, select Browse→Search.
10. For Base DN, type the base distinguished name of where the search will start. (You
can leave this blank if you wish to connect to the domain NC as the base DN.)
11. For Scope, select the appropriate scope.
12. For the Filter, enter the bitwise expression, such as the followin... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
155 | The userAccountControl attribute on user and computer objects is used to describe a
whole series of properties, including account status (i.e., enabled or disabled), account
lockout, password not required, smartcard authentication required, and so on.
The searchFlags and systemFlags attributes on attributeSchema object... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
156 | Just as before, this will match userAccountControl attributes that contain either the 2
or 512 flag; we’re performing two OR operations against the same value, first ORing the
value against 2, then against 512.
For the logical AND operator, similar principles apply. Instead of any of the bits in the
flag being a possib... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
157 | Solution
In each solution in this recipe, an example of adding a user object is shown. Modify the
examples as needed to include whatever class and attributes you need to create.
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open ADSI Edit.
2. If an entry for the naming context you want to browse is not already displayed, do
the ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
158 | Using PowerShell
To create a new computer object named Kiosk2 in the Workstations OU, use the fol‐
lowing PowerShell command:
New-ADObject -Path "OU=Workstations,dc=adatum,dc=com" -Type Computer ↵
-Name "Kiosk2" -Description "Computer in lobby" -OtherAttributes ↵
@{SamAccountName="Kiosk2"}
Discussion
To create an objec... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
159 | 4.14. Modifying an Object
Problem
You want to modify one or more attributes of an object.
Solution
The following example sets the employeeID attribute for a user object.
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open Active Directory Administrative Center.
2. In the bottom-right pane, enter the search criteria of the desired... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
160 | Using PowerShell
To modify an object using PowerShell, use the following syntax:
Set-ADObject -Identity <"ObjectDN"> -Replace @{<property>=<"value">}
Discussion
Using a command-line interface
For more on ldifde, see Recipe 4.28.
As of the publication of this book, the only types of objects you can modify with DSMod
are... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
161 | 4.15. Modifying a Bit-Flag Attribute
Problem
You want to safely modify an attribute that contains a bit flag, without blindly over‐
writing its existing contents. The solutions in this recipe modify a new attribute named
adatum-UserProperties that was previously added to the schema.
Solution
Using VBScript
' This code ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
162 | Using PowerShell
To set the adatum-UserProperties value using PowerShell, use the following example
script:
$user = Get-ADObject "cn=jsmith,cn=users,dc=adatum,dc=com"↵
-Properties adatum-UserProperties
if (!$user.adatum-UserProperties) {
Set-ADObject $user -Add @{"adatum-UserProperties"=4}
Write-Host "Changed from NUL... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
163 | You will, however, find that searching for information based on a bitflag attribute is not terribly efficient. This is because bit flags cannot be
indexed; you need to calculate the value for every object populated with
the bit-flag attribute in question.
They later find out that jsmith was a former basketball player ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
164 | 4.16. Dynamically Linking an Auxiliary Class
Problem
You want to dynamically link an auxiliary class to an existing object instance.
Solution
In each solution in this recipe, an example of adding the custom adatum-SalesUser
auxiliary class to the jsmith user object will be described.
Using a graphical user interface
1.... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
165 | Using PowerShell
Set-ADObject -Identity "cn=jsmith,cn=users,dc=adatum,dc=com"↵
-Add @{ObjectClass="adatum-SalesUser"}
Discussion
Dynamically linking an auxiliary class to an object is an easy way to use new attributes
without modifying the existing object class definition in the schema.
A situation in which it makes m... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
166 | 6. Click Browse→Add Child. The Add window will appear.
7. In the DN text box, enter the DN of the new object.
8. In the Attribute text box, enter objectClass. In the Values text box, enter the object
class of the object you are creating, such as 'user'. Click Enter. In the Values text
box, type dynamicObject and click ... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
167 | • Dynamic objects that are containers cannot have static child objects.
• A dynamic container will not expire prior to any child objects contained within it.
If the dynamic container has a lower TTL value than any of the children, once the
container’s TTL expires it will be reset to the highest TTL value of the childre... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
168 | 12. For Values, enter the new time to live (TTL) for the object in seconds.
13. Under Operation, select Replace.
14. Click Enter.
15. Click Run.
Using a command-line interface
Create an LDIF file called refresh_dynamic_object.ldf with the following contents:
dn: cn=jsmith,cn=users,dc=adatum,dc=com
changetype: modify
re... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
169 | 4.19. Modifying the Default TTL Settings for
Dynamic Objects
Problem
You want to modify the minimum and default TTLs for dynamic objects.
Solution
In each solution in this recipe, we’ll show how to set the DynamicObjectDefaultTTL
setting to 172800. Modifying the DynamicObjectMinTTL can be done in the same
manner.
Using... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
170 | "commit changes"
"show values" q q
Discussion
Two configuration settings apply to dynamic objects:
dynamicObjectDefaultTTL
Defines the default TTL that is set for a dynamic object at creation time unless
another one is set via entryTTL
dynamicObjectMinTTL
Defines the smallest TTL that can be configured for a dynamic ob... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
171 | 2. In the bottom-right pane, enter the search criteria of the desired object and then
click the Search button.
3. In the search results, locate the object, right-click it, and then click Move.
4. In the dialog box, browse to the destination container, click to highlight it, and then
click OK to move the object.
You can... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
172 | See Also
Recipe 4.23; MSDN: IADsContainer::MoveHere
4.21. Moving an Object to a Different Domain
Problem
You want to move an object to a different domain.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface (ADMT 3.2)
To migrate a computer object between domains in the same forest, use the following
steps:
1. Open the ADMT MMC s... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
173 | • User rights
9. On the Computer Options screen, click Next to maintain the default reboot time
of 5 minutes.
10. On the Object Property Exclusion screen, select any object properties that you do
not want to migrate and then click Next.
11. On the Conflict Management screen, click Next to accept the default that will n... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
174 | Container::MoveHere; “ADMT Guide: Migrating and Restructuring Active Directory
Domains”
4.22. Referencing an External Domain
Problem
You need to create a reference to an external Active Directory domain.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open ADSI Edit.
2. If an entry for the naming context you want to brows... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
175 | Then run the following command:
> ldifde -v -i -f create_crossref.ldf
You can also create a crossRef using AdMod as follows:
> admod -config -rb cn=othercorp.com,cn=partitions↵
objectClass::crossRef cn::othercorp.com nCName::dc=othercorp,dc=com↵
dnsRoot::dc1.othercorp.com -add
Discussion
Similar to the way in which DNS... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
176 | Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open ADSI Edit.
2. If an entry for the naming context you want to browse is not already displayed, do
the following:
a. Right-click on ADSI Edit in the right pane and click “Connect to.”
b. Fill in the information for the naming context, container, or OU that contains
the ob... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
177 | Using PowerShell
To rename an object using PowerShell, use the following syntax:
Rename-ADObject -Identity "<Object DN>" -NewName "<New Value of 'name'
attribute>"
Discussion
Before you rename an object, you should ensure that no applications reference it by
name. You can make objects rename-safe by requiring all appli... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
178 | 4.24. Deleting an Object
Problem
You want to delete an individual object.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open ADSI Edit.
2. If an entry for the naming context you want to browse is not already displayed, do
the following:
a. Right-click on ADSI Edit in the right pane and click “Connect to.”
b. Fill in the... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
179 | Using a command-line interface
You can delete an object using the built-in dsrm utility, as well as AdMod. For dsrm, use
the following syntax:
> dsrm "<ObjectDN>"
For AdMod, enter the following:
> admod -b "<ObjectDN>" -del
Using PowerShell
To delete the “Branches” OU in the adatum.com domain, use the following command... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
180 | 4.25. Deleting a Container That Has Child Objects
Problem
You want to delete a container or organizational unit and all child objects contained
within.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
Open ADSI Edit and follow the same steps as in Recipe 4.24. The only difference is that
you’ll be prompted to confirm twice in... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
181 | As with the other operations we’ve discussed in this chapter (create, rename, move, and
so on), the user performing the delete operation needs to have the necessary permissions
to delete the object or objects in question. Active Directory permissions are discussed
more extensively in Chapter 14.
See Also
Recipe 4.24 fo... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
182 | Discussion
When an object is created or modified in Active Directory, the createTimestamp and
modifyTimestamp attributes get set with the current time. The createTimestamp at‐
tribute is replicated between domain controllers, so assuming the latest modification of
the object in question has replicated to all domain con... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
183 | To change the MaxPageSize value to 2,000, you can do the following:
> ntdsutil "ldap pol" conn "con to server <DomainControllerName>" q
ldap policy: set MaxPageSize to 2000
ldap policy: Commit Changes
Discussion
The LDAP query policy contains several settings that control how domain controllers
handle searches. By defa... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
184 | policy to. This can be done via the Active Directory Sites and Services snap-in by
browsing to the nTDSDSA object of a domain controller (cn=NTDS Settings),
right-clicking on it, and selecting Properties. You can then select the new policy from a
drop-down menu beside Query Policy. Click OK to apply the new policy.
You... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
185 | is the search filter, and -d is the base DN. If you encounter any problems using
ldifde, the -v switch enables verbose mode and can help identify problems.
See Also
Recipe 4.29 for importing objects using LDIF; RFC 2849 (The LDAP Data Interchange
Format [LDIF]—Technical Specification); MS KB 237677 (Using LDIFDE to Imp... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
186 | See Also
Recipe 4.28 for information on LDIF; RFC 2849 (The LDAP Data Interchange Format
[LDIF]—Technical Specification); MS KB 237677 (Using LDIFDE to Import and Export
Directory Objects to Active Directory)
4.30. Exporting Objects to a CSV File
Problem
You want to export objects to a comma-separated values (CSV) file... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
187 | Discussion
Once you have a CSV file containing entries, you can use a spreadsheet application such
as Excel to view, sort, and manipulate the data.
Using a graphical user interface
Before performing the export, add any needed columns to the view in Active Directory
Users and Computers. To add columns, click on View and... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
188 | Solution
Using PowerShell
You must first create a CSV file containing the objects to add. The first line of the file
should contain a comma-separated list of attributes you want to set, with DN being the
first attribute. Here is an example:
DN,objectClass,cn,sn,userAccountControl,sAMAccountName,userPrincipalName
The re... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
189 | null | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
190 | CHAPTER 5
Organizational Units
5.0. Introduction
An LDAP directory such as Active Directory stores data in a hierarchy of containers
and leaf nodes called the directory information tree (DIT). Leaf nodes are end points in
the tree, while containers can store other containers and leaf nodes. In Active Directory,
the two... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
191 | Attribute Description
msDS-Approx-Immed-Subordinates Approximate number of direct child objects in the OU. See
Recipe 5.11 for more information.
managedBy DN of user or group that is in charge of managing the OU.
ou Relative distinguished name of the OU.
modifyTimestamp Timestamp of when the OU was last modified.
creat... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
192 | > DN Count: 1
> Using server: dc1.adatum.com
> Adding specified objects...
> DN: ou=Finance,dc=adatum,dc=com...
>
> The command completed successfully
Using PowerShell
To create an organizational unit named “Finance,” create a description of “Finance OU,”
and not protect the OU from accidental deletion, use the followi... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
193 | 5.2. Enumerating the OUs in a Domain
Problem
You want to enumerate all containers and OUs in a domain, which effectively displays
the structure of the domain.
Solution
Using a graphical user interface
1. Open the Active Directory Users and Computers snap-in (dsa.msc).
2. If you need to change domains, right-click on Ac... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
194 | Using PowerShell
To enumerate all OUs in the current domain using PowerShell, run the following
command:
Get-ADOrganizationalUnit -Filter * | Select DistinguishedName
Discussion
Using a graphical user interface
If you want to expand all containers and OUs within an OU, you have to manually
expand each one within ADUC o... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
195 | Using a command-line interface
> adfind -f "ou=<OU Name>"
Using PowerShell
To find any OU with “Test” in the name under the EMEA OU, run the following
command:
Get-ADOrganizationalUnit -SearchBase "ou=emea,dc=adatum,dc=com"↵
-LDAPFilter {(ObjectCategory=OrganizationalUnit)} |↵
Where {$_.Name -Match "Test"}
The comman... | http://ter40.free.fr/ebooktmp/new/Active%20Directory%20Cookbook,%204th%20Edition.pdf |
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