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GOD is great; first and foremost! Secondly, JESUS is the only Way to Heaven! |
TABLE OF CONTENTS (MENU): |
Introduction |
Pronunciation Parameters |
Word Classes |
The 55 Foundation |
Vocabulary (A to Z) |
Numbers |
The LORD's Prayer |
Books in the Holy Bible |
The 10 Commandments |
Uganda National Anthem |
Lugbara Anthem |
Colours |
The Verb "Be" |
Relationships (The Clan) |
Days of the Week |
Calendar |
Lugbara Proverbs |
Riddles |
Idioms |
Lost in Translation (Lugbara AI) |
Introduction: |
This machine-aided translation (MAT) tool was created painstakingly from scratch (as in zero) with gritty nerves on the 3rd Agofe's 90th birthday afternoon (Saturday 26th November 2016) after a South Sudanese Acholi-Madi in Tennessee, USA (named Suzy Abdelfarag [aka Suzzana, Mamur, Akema] who spoke "fluent" Arabic) ask... |
Pronunciation Parameters: |
In Lugbara phonology, every Lugbara word ends with one of the five vowels eg nyanya = tomato; mucele = rice; karoti = carrot; ovakedo = avocado; osu = bean. Letters Q [Kaya] and X [Ekasa, Alamakanda in Aringa dialect] are not used (meaning only 24 on a keyboard can do), but four unique ones with an apostrophe are added... |
aa as in rat, for example leta-a |
c as in church, for example Candiru (though can also be spelt Chandiru) |
dj (letter D is silent) as in jilt (Like D in judge), for example odji (pronounced oji) |
ee (preferably single E instead of a long vowel) as in emblem, for example andree (also andre) |
gb (letter G is silent) as in bend (Like G in cognac), for example Lugbara (pronounced Lubara) |
ii as in import, for example 'di-i (also sometimes written as 'di'i with a glottal stop though archaic); letter I doesn't need to be repeated when noun is not being emphasized eg zii can just be zi, the second I can stand for "the one (and only)" |
kp (letter K is silent) as in pen (Like K in knock or know), for example okpo (pronounced opo) |
mv (letter M becomes N) as in conversation, for example omve (pronounced onve) |
oa as in soar, for example Boroa |
oo (preferably single O) as in hold, for example ocoo (also oco); not oo as in food |
uu (preferably single U) as in chew, for example cuu (pronounced chu) |
z (letter Z becomes J after N) as in jean, for example onzi (pronounced onji). Otherwise, most times remains z as in zebra, for example ozu and when the first letter of a word, for example zukulu. |
The Old Vocabulary was small because some words have multiple meanings based on tone (pronunciation) or context eg o'du can mean day, thigh, omen, leopard; etc. However, the existing language which has a simplified 5-fold framework keeps getting New words added eg simu = phone; etc. Most nouns can denote both singular ... |
Some words are borrowed or modified from English plus other languages like Swahili, Luganda, Lingala, etc. Lugbara words are often written the same way they are pronounced; silent letters (eg G in gbanda, K in okporu, etc) plus repeated letters especially consonants (eg Vurra, Uleppi, Owaffa, Oluffe, Okollo, Ofudde, Me... |
In archaic Lugbara, there was a glottal stop between vowels denoting a quick voice pause eg ai was written as a'i. However, this dictionary simplifies learning by leaving it out and reserving the symbol for the four additional consonant letters only. The glottal stop was also used for emphatic pronouns, but this dictio... |
Marks for Simple Tones: |
In English, some words have different spellings, but the same pronunciation eg chase/ chess; chat/ chart; hat/ heart/ hurt; lace/ less; load/ lord; mane/ men; son/ sun; etc. In Lugbara, the same spelling can have different pronunciations (hence meanings) based on three (to five including rising and falling) tones indic... |
´ High tone eg aí [salt], drí [head], tí [cow]; |
- Mid tone eg aī [accept, pray], drī [hand], tī [strangle, drip] (Mid tone is the most common tone in Lugbarati); |
` Low tone eg aì [ask, beg], drì [(to) heat], tì [produce, conceive, give birth]... |
Word Classes include: |
1. Ecipiri [Conj(unction)] |
2. Obi [Adv(erb)] |
3. Ru [N(oun)] |
4. Ruparia [Pron(oun)] |
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