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c_8mvn6a2r8yl8 | All models of Gatling guns were declared obsolete by the U.S. Army in 1911, after 45 years of service.With "hot" handloads and a rifle capable of handling them, the .30-06 is capable of performance rivaling many magnum cartridges. However, when loaded more closely to the original government specs, .30-06 remains within... | .30-06 Springfield |
c_qn9c31352o8g | In military situations, a turkey shoot occurs when a group or team catch the enemy off-guard or outgunned to the point of the battle being extremely lopsided, as in the following famous examples: Battle of New Orleans – War of 1812 Battle of San Jacinto – Texas Revolution Charge of the Light Brigade – Crimean War Battl... | Turkey shoot |
c_9j9dr2l2sjax | In military slang, a spider hole is a type of camouflaged one-man foxhole, used for observation. | Spider hole |
c_pg2tj9dxs6eo | In military strategy, a choke point (or chokepoint) is a geographical feature on land such as a valley, defile or bridge, or maritime passage through a critical waterway such as a strait, which an armed force is forced to pass through in order to reach its objective, sometimes on a substantially narrowed front and ther... | Choke point |
c_m4eit4r1qkg0 | In military studies concerning the deployment of nuclear weapons, Swedish plans focused on bombs dropped by ground-attack aircraft. The Swedes planned to have a relatively small number of tactical nuclear weapons; the Saab 36 bomber was supposed to be able to carry an 800 kg free falling nuclear weapon, but development... | Swedish nuclear weapons program |
c_wke7snsudx1p | According to the revised schedule in which nuclear weapons would have appeared first in the 1970s, the AJ 37 Viggen would have also been relevant. The studies of nuclear payloads also briefly discussed the possibility of using land-based missiles with a range of about 100 km, as well as nuclear-armed torpedoes. The mos... | Swedish nuclear weapons program |
c_ykly3j5a44xh | Little else is known about these alternative plans, since the Swedish program focused mainly on bombs dropped by aircraft. From 1957 to 1959, Saab developed Robot 330, a land attack missile with 500 km range, which was designed to carry nuclear warheads. The project was shut down due to excessive costs. | Swedish nuclear weapons program |
c_af3600ct2occ | Some other types of weapons outlined and developed during the 1950—60s were designed as carriers for nuclear weapons – among them, the Saab A36, a strategic bomber, Bandkanon 1, a 155 mm artillery piece, and Robot 08, an anti-ship missile. These claims have been circulating since the times when the defense studies were... | Swedish nuclear weapons program |
c_3wu9enhfh8m3 | Thus, even if the A36 was not designed to be an integral part of the nuclear weapons program itself, it was constructed specifically as a nuclear weapons carrier. A36 pilots were to specialize in this task.As for Robot 08, the previously classified documents provide no support for the claim that something other than ae... | Swedish nuclear weapons program |
c_c8kxh5cxuq4a | However, the study of nuclear devices came to the conclusion that a bomb dropped in the home port would have the greatest impact. At sea, naval fleets would be dispersed to reduce casualties from nuclear attack. Statements about plans on nuclear ammunition for 155 mm Swedish artillery greater than 25 km range should be... | Swedish nuclear weapons program |
c_4e825y52itik | Since the US developed nuclear ammunition for its 155 mm artillery and the USSR developed ammunition for its 152 mm, certainly a Swedish device was technically possible. The only American type of device of this calibre that was actually completed, W48, had only a 72-ton yield even though it required as much plutonium a... | Swedish nuclear weapons program |
c_ttrmu8gjkf38 | These artillery projectiles used a different design principal, linear implosion instead of a traditional spherical implosion bomb. Such designs sacrificed efficiency and yield to reduce the payload's diameter. Since Sweden's plutonium supply was always a limiting factor in its nuclear program, and cost-effectiveness wa... | Swedish nuclear weapons program |
c_3vtngw4tocs4 | In military tactics, a flanking maneuver is a movement of an armed force around an enemy force's side, or flank, to achieve an advantageous position over it. Flanking is useful because a force's fighting strength is typically concentrated in its front, therefore, to circumvent an opposing force's front and attack its f... | Flanking maneuver |
c_j3jx8x4q0j92 | In military tactics, a strongpoint is a key point in a defensive fighting position which anchors the overall defense line. This may include redoubts, bunkers, pillboxes, trenches or fortresses, alone or in combination; the primary requirement is that it should not be easily overrun or avoided. A blocking position in go... | Strongpoint |
c_or0yl0bd47vz | In military tactics, close air support (CAS) is defined as aerial warfare actions—often air-to-ground actions such as strafes or airstrikes—by military aircraft against hostile targets in close proximity to friendly forces. A form of fire support, CAS requires detailed integration of each air mission with fire and move... | Ground attack |
c_ke87kjeye86x | A closely related subset of air interdiction, battlefield air interdiction, denotes interdiction against units with near-term effects on friendly units, but which does not require integration with friendly troop movements. CAS requires excellent coordination with ground forces, typically handled by specialists such as ... | Ground attack |
c_6eznntgit8ns | Several conflicts during the interwar period—including the Polish–Soviet War, the Spanish Civil War, the Iraqi Revolt, and the Chaco War—made notable use of CAS. World War II marked the universal acceptance of the integration of air power into combined arms warfare, with all of the war's major combatants having develop... | Ground attack |
c_9g9xcup5kos4 | In military tactics, the kill zone, also known as killing zone, is an area entirely covered by direct and effective fire, an element of ambush within which an approaching enemy force is trapped and destroyed. The objective of the ambush force is to quickly kill or capture all enemy soldiers inside the kill zone. The tr... | Kill zone |
c_i5o966am48n3 | In military telecommunications, electronic support (ES) or electronic support measures (ESM) gather intelligence through passive "listening" to electromagnetic radiations of military interest. They are an aspect of electronic warfare involving actions taken under direct control of an operational commander to detect, in... | Electronic Support Measures |
c_0wpf8wibrtvm | ESM collection platforms can remain electronically silent and detect and analyze RADAR transmissions beyond the RADAR detection range because of the greater power of the transmitted electromagnetic pulse with respect to a reflected echo of that pulse. United States airborne ESM receivers are designated in the AN/ALR se... | Electronic Support Measures |
c_1nq427dque2o | In military terminology a landing zone (LZ) is an area where aircraft can land. In the United States military, a landing zone is the actual point where aircraft, especially helicopters, land (equivalent to the commonwealth landing point. )In commonwealth militaries, a landing zone is the cartographic (numeric) zone in ... | Landing zones |
c_wlmjpqcuw0px | The landing area is the area in which the landing is going to take place (e.g., the field where the aircraft are to land). The landing point is the actual point on which aircraft are going to land (e.g., a point of the field). Each aircraft has a different landing point. | Landing zones |
c_d8sb098jm2jc | In military terminology, a black site is a location at which an unacknowledged black operation or black project is conducted. A 2021 Associated Press news story defined black sites as "clandestine jails where prisoners generally are not charged with a crime and have no legal recourse, with no bail or court order." | Black site |
c_bni9vq94maca | In military terminology, a demolition belt is a selected land area sown with explosive charges, mines, and other available obstacles to deny use of the land to enemy operations, and as a protection to friendly troops.There are two types of demolition belt: A primary demolition belt is a continuous series of obstacles a... | Demolition belt |
c_r739y5mibpj1 | In military terminology, a missile is a guided airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight usually by a jet engine or rocket motor. Missiles are thus also called guided missiles or guided rockets (when a previously unguided rocket is made guided). Missiles have five system components: targeting, guidance sy... | Guided missile |
c_4mv1gbvu4o90 | Airborne explosive devices without propulsion are referred to as shells if fired by an artillery piece and bombs if dropped by an aircraft. Unguided jet- or rocket-propelled weapons are usually described as rocket artillery. Historically, the word missile referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled tow... | Guided missile |
c_tth91gstgl0w | In military terminology, a rocket is a self-propelled, generally unguided, weapon-system powered by a rocket engine. Though used primarily as medium- and long-range artillery systems, historically rockets have also seen considerable use as air-to-surface weapons, some use as air-to-air weapons, and even (in a few cases... | Unguided rocket |
c_0vsy2di80zet | In military terminology, a soft-skinned vehicle is any vehicle that is not armored, such as a truck, motorcycle, Jeep or car. The term soft-skinned vehicle may apply also to half-tracks and scouting vehicles having little or no armor. These can be used as general-purpose workhorses, like a 53-seater coach or pick-up, a... | Soft-skinned vehicle |
c_wag428ufc6r6 | In military terminology, friendly fire or fratricide is an attack by belligerent or neutral forces on friendly troops while attempting to attack enemy/hostile targets. Examples include misidentifying the target as hostile, cross-fire while engaging an enemy, long range ranging errors or inaccuracy. Accidental fire not ... | Friendly fire |
c_77b2vawvwy5v | The term friendly fire was originally adopted by the United States military; S.L.A. Marshall used the term in Men Against Fire in 1947. Many North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) militaries refer to these incidents as blue on blue, which derives from military exercises where NATO forces were identified by blue penn... | Friendly fire |
c_0q9bt0o17olj | In military terminology, it is used for the stated ability of some military commanders, such as Field-Marshal Erwin Rommel, to describe "the instinctive and immediate response to battle situations", a quality needed to maintain, with great accuracy and attention to detail, an ever-changing operational and tactical situ... | Fingerspitzengefühl |
c_41ccilcgzdxn | It is cognitively related to personal possession of multiple intelligences, notably those pertinent to visual and spatial data processing. The term suggests that in addition to any discursive processing of information that the commander may be conducting (such as mentally considering a specific plan), the commander is ... | Fingerspitzengefühl |
c_pwqdm79qkzm9 | One of the functions of a static map is to allow a traveler to decide upon a course of action suitable for getting from one point to another. In times of war, the terrain and the troops and weapons deployed upon it can be changed much more rapidly than cartographers can change their maps. A commander with Fingerspitzen... | Fingerspitzengefühl |
c_9dvdy4ow56fl | In military terminology, vulnerability is a subset of survivability, the others being susceptibility and recoverability. Vulnerability is defined in various ways depending on the nation and service arm concerned, but in general it refers to the near-instantaneous effects of a weapon attack. In aviation it is defined as... | Window of vulnerability |
c_z8hj51cqssjl | In military thinking, John Robb applies the long tail to the developments in insurgency and terrorist movements, showing how technology and networking allows the long tail of disgruntled groups and criminals to take on the nation state and have a chance to win. | The long tail |
c_p26jr7pk3kb6 | In military uniforms, a shoulder belt is a wide belt worn usually over the shoulder and across the body. With nearly all line infantry, skirmishers, light infantry, grenadiers and guard regiments, two shoulder belts were worn - one carrying the cartridge box, and another for the bayonet, a sword ("sword belt" was also ... | Shoulder belt (military) |
c_r9j8w35w6190 | Initially shoulder belts had buckles. In the second half of the 18th century the British army replaced buckles with shoulder belt plates. The latter ones were solid metal plates fixed with two studs to one end of the belt and used a hook to pass through one of several holes by the other end. | Shoulder belt (military) |
c_tuwgv4zm169p | This arrangement allowed for quick readjustment and a more neat appearance. Officers used to wear fancy gold and silver plates with elaborate engravings. Soldiers wore brass plates, usually with numerical or other design indicative of their regiment. | Shoulder belt (military) |
c_8dzr2461f0q5 | In military usage, a barrage is massed sustained artillery fire (shelling) aimed at a series of points along a line. In addition to attacking any enemy in the kill zone, a barrage intends to suppress enemy movements and deny access across that line of barrage. The impact points along the line may be 20–30 yards/meters ... | Artillery barrage |
c_48wi6hec382a | A barrage may involve a few or many artillery batteries, or even (rarely) a single gun. Typically each gun in a barrage, using indirect fire, will fire continuously at a steady rate at its assigned point for an assigned time before moving onto the next target, following the barrage's detailed timetable. Barrages typica... | Artillery barrage |
c_1pbey4j2839f | Barrages are in contrast with concentrated artillery fire, which has a single specific target such as a known enemy position or structure, and in contrast with direct fire which targets enemies within the direct line of sight of the gun. Barrages may be used defensively or offensively, and have a variety of patterns. D... | Artillery barrage |
c_qrfg86njttts | They may target along the front line, or further into enemy back area to isolate certain enemy positions (such as a box barrage). A series of different patterns may be employed as a battle develops, with each barrage lasting only a few minutes or many hours. Barrages are usually integral with larger operations of multi... | Artillery barrage |
c_l88hyvq53003 | The barrage was developed by the British Army in the Second Boer War. It came to prominence in World War I, notably its use by the British Expeditionary Force and particularly from late 1915 onwards when the British realized that the suppressive effects of artillery to provide covering fire were the key to breaking int... | Artillery barrage |
c_wpg4vx68v20q | Its employment in this way recognised the importance of artillery fire in suppressing or neutralizing, rather than destroying, the enemy. It was found that a moving barrage immediately followed by the infantry assault could be far more effective than weeks of preliminary bombardment. Barrages remained in use in World W... | Artillery barrage |
c_wkjlzf4ynecv | In military usage, a region is shorthand for the name of a military formation larger than an Army Group and smaller than a Theater. The full name of the military formation is Army Region. The size of an Army Region can vary widely but is generally somewhere between about 1 million and 3 million soldiers. Two or more Ar... | Region |
c_xlhs8fpvt4sb | An Army Region is typically commanded by a full General (US four stars), a Field Marshal or General of the Army (US five stars), or Generalissimo (Soviet Union); and in the US Armed Forces an Admiral (typically four stars) may also command a region. Due to the large size of this formation, its use is rarely employed. S... | Region |
c_agt55qhaky6u | In military usage, fit to receive or fitting "for but not with" describes a weapon or system which is called for in a design but not installed or is only partially installed during construction, with the installation completed later as needed. This can be done to reduce the vessel's build cost by not purchasing the sys... | For but not with |
c_il1c37u7wy6n | In military use, a petard mortar was a spigot mortar (a weapon that fires explosive projectiles, known as bombs, at low velocities, short ranges and parabolic ballistic trajectories) of a 230 mm (9.1 in) bore, known to its crews as the "flying dustbin" due to the characteristics of its projectile, an un-aerodynamic 20... | Petard |
c_4e0403keswig | In military use, the J75 was used on the Convair F-106 Delta Dart, Lockheed U-2, and Republic F-105 Thunderchief. It was also utilized in the prototype and experimental Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow, Lockheed A-12, Martin P6M SeaMaster, North American YF-107, and Vought XF8U-3 Crusader III. Before the arrival of the Pratt &... | Pratt & Whitney J75/JT4 |
c_gy5j14hixp08 | In milling the spindle is where a cutting tool is mounted. In some situations material must be cut from a direction where the feature can not be seen from the perspective of the spindle and requires special tooling to reach behind the visible material. The corners may be undercut to remove the radius that is usually le... | Undercut (manufacturing) |
c_l92x4xj4is7v | In million tonnes CO2e, China is the largest emitter with 12705; USA is second with 6001, India 3394, EU (which is 27 countries) 3383, Russia 2476, Japan 1166, Brazil 1057, Indonesia 1002, Iran 893, and Canada 736. | Top contributors to climate change |
c_e28so89y766t | In millipedes, ozopores are repeated serially on body segments, and usually situated laterally. Exceptions are members of the order Glomerida, which have ozopores located dorsally. Some members of the order Julida have especially prominent ozadenes. | Ozopore |
c_kfpfa0ts1rh7 | In mimesis (also called masquerade), the camouflaged object looks like something else which is of no special interest to the observer. Mimesis is common in prey animals, for example when a peppered moth caterpillar mimics a twig, or a grasshopper mimics a dry leaf. It is also found in nest structures; some eusocial was... | Silvering (camouflage) |
c_n668euymdue7 | This tactic has occasionally been used in warfare, for example with heavily armed Q-ships disguised as merchant ships.The common cuckoo, a brood parasite, provides examples of mimesis both in the adult and in the egg. The female lays her eggs in nests of other, smaller species of bird, one per nest. The female mimics a... | Silvering (camouflage) |
c_vicbntoilbmd | The resemblance is sufficient to make small birds take action to avoid the apparent predator. The female cuckoo then has time to lay her egg in their nest without being seen to do so. The cuckoo's egg itself mimics the eggs of the host species, reducing its chance of being rejected. | Silvering (camouflage) |
c_d9jdusscw2b4 | In mineral exploration, the most common drilling method is a rotary rig with fluid circulated down the drillpipe and back up between the drillpipe and the borehole wall. The fluid carries the cuttings to the surface, where the cuttings are removed, and the recycled fluid, known as mud, is returned to the hole. The firs... | Ice drilling |
c_s558qi7pe6ls | Fresh water, drawn from the glacier, was used as the drilling fluid, and three holes were drilled, to a maximum depth of 89 m. Cores were retrieved, but in poor condition. Seawater has also been tried as a drilling fluid. The first time a fluid other than water was used with a conventional rotary rig was in late 1958, ... | Ice drilling |
c_co3sp7ljyafc | In mineral processing, such as metals ore (e.g. iron, tin, tungsten, tantalum etc.) and nonferrous metals ores (e.g. lead, zinc, gold, silver and industrial sand etc.), high frequency screens have a crucial role. After the ores get comminuted, high frequency screens are used as a classifier which selects materials size... | High Frequency Vibrating Equipment |
c_kn7tsn3qxqy0 | Secondly, the fine-grained material will be unloaded in a timely manner, avoiding over-crushing caused by re-grinding. The benefits of using high frequency screens in mineral processing can meet the requirement of fineness easily for recovery and is able to achieve a smaller size separation, reducing capacity needed fo... | High Frequency Vibrating Equipment |
c_3sf7fi64fiup | In mineralogy, a Miller index of 101 is a crystal face that crosses the horizontal axis (a) and 3D vertical axis (c) but does not cross the 2D vertical axis (b). In physics and chemistry, it is the atomic number of mendelevium, an actinide. In astronomy it is the Messier designation given to the Pinwheel Galaxy in Ursa... | 101 (number) |
c_0vsmq4pnc6sx | In mineralogy, amorphous carbon is the name used for coal, carbide-derived carbon, and other impure forms of carbon that are neither graphite nor diamond. In a crystallographic sense, however, the materials are not truly amorphous but rather polycrystalline materials of graphite or diamond within an amorphous carbon ma... | Amorphous carbon |
c_90s4e5739luj | In mineralogy, an inclusion is any material that is trapped inside a mineral during its formation. In gemology, an inclusion is a characteristic enclosed within a gemstone, or reaching its surface from the interior.According to Hutton's law of inclusions, fragments included in a host rock are older than the host rock i... | Inclusion (mineral) |
c_wfe0nnn3emmq | In mineralogy, crystal habit is the characteristic external shape of an individual crystal or aggregate of crystals. The habit of a crystal is dependent on its crystallographic form and growth conditions, which generally creates irregularities due to limited space in the crystallizing medium (commonly in rocks). | Mineral habit |
c_ba3vqhfol9kp | In mineralogy, epitaxy is the overgrowth of one mineral on another in an orderly way, such that certain crystal directions of the two minerals are aligned. This occurs when some planes in the lattices of the overgrowth and the substrate have similar spacings between atoms.If the crystals of both minerals are well forme... | Epitaxial growth |
c_a8uvgg2cz4as | In mineralogy, silicate minerals are classified into seven major groups according to the structure of their silicate anion: Tectosilicates can only have additional cations if some of the silicon is replaced by an atom of lower valence such as aluminum. Al for Si substitution is common. | Silicate minerals |
c_jpc2yoq65l2z | In mineralogy, tenacity is a mineral's behavior when deformed or broken. | Tenacity (mineralogy) |
c_p94fsaknp3gh | In minerals, phosphorus generally occurs as phosphate. Good sources of phosphorus includes baking powder, instant pudding, cottonseed meal, hemp seeds, fortified beverages, dried whey. | Water-electrolyte imbalance |
c_orbqwnt1rmnw | In mines which use rubber tired equipment for coarse ore removal, the ore (or "muck") is removed from the stope (referred to as "mucked out" or "bogged") using center articulated vehicles (referred to as boggers or LHD (Load, Haul, Dump machine)). These pieces of equipment may operate using diesel engines or electric m... | Block caving |
c_8rnivv2q5i6q | The ore is then dumped into a truck to be hauled to the surface (in shallower mines). In deeper mines, the ore is dumped down an ore pass (a vertical or near vertical excavation) where it falls to a collection level. On the collection level, it may receive primary crushing via jaw or cone crusher, or via a rockbreaker. | Block caving |
c_0u2cj6wd8rdl | The ore is then moved by conveyor belts, trucks or occasionally trains to the shaft to be hoisted to the surface in buckets or skips and emptied into bins beneath the surface headframe for transport to the mill. In some cases the underground primary crusher feeds an inclined conveyor belt which delivers ore via an incl... | Block caving |
c_twtmxn6tlqmq | In minimal models, the central charge of the Virasoro algebra takes values of the type c p , q = 1 − 6 ( p − q ) 2 p q . {\displaystyle c_{p,q}=1-6{(p-q)^{2} \over pq}\ .} where p , q {\displaystyle p,q} are coprime integers such that p , q ≥ 2 {\displaystyle p,q\geq 2} . Then the conformal dimensions of degenerate rep... | Minimal model (physics) |
c_og9bbzitjyky | {\displaystyle h_{r,s}=h_{q-r,p-s}=h_{r+q,s+p}\ .} The spectrums of minimal models are made of irreducible, degenerate lowest-weight representations of the Virasoro algebra, whose conformal dimensions are of the type h r , s {\displaystyle h_{r,s}} with 1 ≤ r ≤ q − 1 , 1 ≤ s ≤ p − 1 . | Minimal model (physics) |
c_ybpg0bmguvyr | {\displaystyle 1\leq r\leq q-1\quad ,\quad 1\leq s\leq p-1\ .} Such a representation R r , s {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{r,s}} is a coset of a Verma module by its infinitely many nontrivial submodules. It is unitary if and only if | p − q | = 1 {\displaystyle |p-q|=1} . | Minimal model (physics) |
c_fux2eunhgrnm | At a given central charge, there are 1 2 ( p − 1 ) ( q − 1 ) {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2}}(p-1)(q-1)} distinct representations of this type. The set of these representations, or of their conformal dimensions, is called the Kac table with parameters ( p , q ) {\displaystyle (p,q)} . The Kac table is usually drawn as a r... | Minimal model (physics) |
c_inhy2stf4avn | In minimum deviation, the refracted ray in the prism is parallel to its base. In other words, the light ray is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry of the prism. Also, the angles of refractions are equal i.e. r1 = r2. | Minimum deviation |
c_81nfkoqs880d | And, the angle of incidence and angle of emergence equal each other (i = e). This is clearly visible in the graph below. The formula for minimum deviation can be derived by exploiting the geometry in the prism. | Minimum deviation |
c_630h6mimh5gx | In mining of gold from dilute sources, gold is selectively extracted by dissolution in aqueous solutions of cyanide, provided by dissolving sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide and/or calcium cyanide. The reaction for the dissolution of gold, the "Elsner Equation", is: 4 Au + 8 KCN + O2 + 2 H2O → 4 K + 4 KOHIn this proces... | Potassium dicyanoaurate |
c_8k9toz18ylsr | In mining, a rib pillar separates one stope from the other and is aligned transverse of the stope, perpendicular to the strike. It is used in mines to increase the strata stability of the stope and support the raises, winzes or shaft of the mine. == References == | Rib pillar |
c_eu7k2sokhtm3 | In mining, high grading refers to mining out the portions of the orebody that has the highest grade of material to be mined. However, it may also refer to the concealment and theft of valuable gold or silver ore by miners for personal profit. Common in the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century, ... | Selective logging |
c_0v2wybam7xzr | “HIGH GRADING AT TONOPAH.” The arrest of four men for high grading took place at Tonopah last Friday morning as the men were coming off shift at the McNamara mine. The men arrested are William Turner, vice president of the Tonopah miners' union; Tom Conifrey, Tom Cunningham and Patrick Flanigan. They were caught with t... | Selective logging |
c_qbfy7w6g3k6j | These men have been suspected for a long time, and Friday morning the entire shift was held up and searched. All were lodged in the county jail, and two of them have since given bail. It is announced that they will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. | Selective logging |
c_x9rme4yo7zie | In mining, tailings or tails are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. Tailings are different from overburden, which is the waste rock or other material that overlies an ore or mineral body and is displaced during mining without be... | Tailings |
c_puuxnhge3m5n | Because of this comminution, tailings consist of a slurry of fine particles, ranging from the size of a grain of sand to a few micrometres. Mine tailings are usually produced from the mill in slurry form, which is a mixture of fine mineral particles and water.Tailings can be dangerous sources of toxic chemicals such as... | Tailings |
c_eqdrhbd1bf3e | These ponds are also vulnerable to major breaches or leaks from the dams, causing environmental disasters. Because of these and other environmental concerns such as groundwater leakage, toxic emissions and bird death, tailing piles and ponds are often under regulatory scrutiny. | Tailings |
c_knvur3euayzq | There are a wide range of methods for recovering economic value, containing or otherwise mitigating the impacts of tailings. However, internationally, these practices are poor, sometimes violating human rights. To mitigate risks of harm, the first UN-level standard for tailing management was established 2020. | Tailings |
c_ucnsta6t46wy | In mining, the face is the surface where the mining work is advancing. In surface mining it is commonly called pit face, in underground mining a common term is mine face. Accordingly, face equipment is the mining equipment used immediately at the mine face used for removal and near-face transportation of the material: ... | Coal face |
c_fwozz0qb9fc3 | In mining, valuation is the process of determining the value or worth of a mining property - i.e. as distinct from a listed mining corporate. Mining valuations are sometimes required for IPOs, fairness opinions, litigation, mergers and acquisitions, and shareholder-related matters. In valuing a mining project or mining... | Investment analysis |
c_jzxkfg1yz3rt | "CIMVal" generally applied by the Toronto Stock Exchange, is widely recognised as a "standard" for the valuation of mining projects. (CIMVal: Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum on Valuation of Mineral Properties ) The Australasian equivalent is VALMIN; the Southern African is SAMVAL. These standards... | Investment analysis |
c_8okyk8henzd4 | See for further discussion and context. Analyzing listed mining corporates (and other resource companies) is also specialized, as the valuation requires a good understanding of the company's overall assets, its operational business model as well as key market drivers, and an understanding of that sector of the stock ma... | Investment analysis |
c_od6zle3xeafm | The price of a "Junior" mining stock, typically having one asset, will at its early stages be linked to the result of its feasibility study; later, the price will be a function of that mine's viability and value, largely applying the above techniques. A "Major", on the other hand, has numerous properties, and the conte... | Investment analysis |
c_gof15l24ab7b | In minor injuries with little bleeding, there may be abdominal pain, tenderness in the epigastrium and pain in the left flank. Often there is a sharp pain in the left shoulder, known as Kehr's sign. In larger injuries with more extensive bleeding, signs of hypovolemic shock are most prominent. This might include a rapi... | Splenic injury |
c_mb3ke9m7mm3y | In mirror electron microscopy, electrons are slowed in the retarding field of the condenser lens to the limit of the instrument and thus, only allowed to interact with the “near-surface” region of the sample. It is very complicated to understand the exact contrast variations come from, but the important things to point... | Low-energy electron microscopy |
c_ltbth23w10d7 | In mirror writing a text is deliberately displayed as its mirror image, in order to be read through a mirror. For example, emergency vehicles such as ambulances or fire engines use mirror images in order to be read from a vehicle's rear-view mirror. Some movie theaters also use mirror writing in a Rear Window Captionin... | Mirror plane of symmetry |
c_p787s297cp04 | In missile guidance, line of sight (LOS) is the line directly between the launcher/tacker and the target, which must be in view. If the target is moving the missile is constantly manoeuvred to be on the line of sight as it changes, this results in the missile flying a curved path to the target (see command to line-of-s... | Line of sight (missile) |
c_afbcu56ef4c6 | In mission-critical software systems, formal methods may be used to ensure the correct operation of a system. These formal methods can prove costly, however, representing as much as 80 percent of total software design cost. | Software verification and validation |
c_wk8f0q452c7g | In missions from peacekeeping operations to major theater war, the E-8C can provide targeting data and intelligence for attack aviation, naval surface fire, field artillery and friendly maneuver forces. The information helps air and land commanders to control the battlespace.The E-8's ground-moving radar can tell appro... | E-8 J-STARS |
c_dtwcuj42g74m | In mistrustful cryptography the participating parties do not trust each other. For example, Alice and Bob collaborate to perform some computation where both parties enter some private inputs. But Alice does not trust Bob and Bob does not trust Alice. Thus, a secure implementation of a cryptographic task requires that a... | Quantum Cryptography |
c_flgkt9mji7k4 | Examples of tasks in mistrustful cryptography are commitment schemes and secure computations, the latter including the further examples of coin flipping and oblivious transfer. Key distribution does not belong to the area of mistrustful cryptography. Mistrustful quantum cryptography studies the area of mistrustful cryp... | Quantum Cryptography |
c_2bxkreh8j83t | In contrast to quantum key distribution where unconditional security can be achieved based only on the laws of quantum physics, in the case of various tasks in mistrustful cryptography there are no-go theorems showing that it is impossible to achieve unconditionally secure protocols based only on the laws of quantum ph... | Quantum Cryptography |
c_vslpe9uvc0dq | Unconditionally secure ideal quantum coin flipping was shown impossible by Lo and Chau. Moreover, Lo showed that there cannot be unconditionally secure quantum protocols for one-out-of-two oblivious transfer and other secure two-party computations. However, unconditionally secure relativistic protocols for coin flippin... | Quantum Cryptography |
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