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c_rjfnjwldripb | In more familiar terms, WF(f) tells not only where the function f is singular (which is already described by its singular support), but also how or why it is singular, by being more exact about the direction in which the singularity occurs. This concept is mostly useful in dimension at least two, since in one dimension... | Wavefront set |
c_j0r5acn8hvne | In the direction tangent to the curve, the function remains smooth. By contrast, in the direction normal to the curve, the function has a singularity. To decide on whether the function is smooth in another direction v, one can try to smooth the function out by averaging in directions perpendicular to v. If the resultin... | Wavefront set |
c_wzqzfga645t6 | Formally, in Euclidean space, the wave front set of ƒ is defined as the complement of the set of all pairs (x0,v) such that there exists a test function ϕ ∈ C c ∞ {\displaystyle \phi \in C_{c}^{\infty }} with ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } (x0) ≠ 0 and an open cone Γ containing v such that the estimate | ( ϕ f ) ∧ ( ξ ) | ≤ C... | Wavefront set |
c_8xe6cbtc3p80 | In more formal probability theory, a random variable is a function X defined from a sample space Ω to a measurable space called the state space. If an element in Ω is mapped to an element in state space by X, then that element in state space is a realization. Elements of the sample space can be thought of as all the di... | Realization (probability) |
c_9e037n02vgbd | In more general mathematical setting, the Boltzmann distribution is also known as the Gibbs measure. In statistics and machine learning it is called a log-linear model. In deep learning the Boltzmann distribution is used in the sampling distribution of stochastic neural networks such as the Boltzmann machine. | Boltzmann machine |
c_edqcmahh3lf7 | In more general mathematical settings, the Boltzmann distribution is also known as the Gibbs measure. In statistics and machine learning, it is called a log-linear model. In deep learning, the Boltzmann distribution is used in the sampling distribution of stochastic neural networks such as the Boltzmann machine, restri... | Boltzmann distribution |
c_wn8bat4h9gem | In more general situations, when the material is being deformed in various directions at different rates, the strain (and therefore the strain rate) around a point within a material cannot be expressed by a single number, or even by a single vector. In such cases, the rate of deformation must be expressed by a tensor, ... | Strain rate |
c_yuze041cbsah | With a chosen coordinate system, the strain rate tensor can be represented by a symmetric 3×3 matrix of real numbers. The strain rate tensor typically varies with position and time within the material, and is therefore a (time-varying) tensor field. It only describes the local rate of deformation to first order; but th... | Strain rate |
c_je0151ds7rnm | In more general usage, a crib sheet is any short (one- or two-page) reference to terms, commands, or symbols where the user is expected to understand the use of such terms but not necessarily to have memorized all of them. Many computer applications, for example, have crib sheets included in their documentation, which ... | Cheat sheet |
c_cfuc0qz2thw6 | In more general use, a calibration curve is a curve or table for a measuring instrument which measures some parameter indirectly, giving values for the desired quantity as a function of values of sensor output. For example, a calibration curve can be made for a particular pressure transducer to determine applied pressu... | Calibration curve |
c_fkowzkf1ate1 | In more generalised variants, the switch variable affects the dynamics of X t {\displaystyle X_{t}} , e.g. through Pr ( X t ∣ X t − 1 , S t ) {\displaystyle \Pr(X_{t}\mid X_{t-1},S_{t})} . The filtering and smoothing procedure for general cases is discussed in. == References == | Switching Kalman filter |
c_cxpfxl1jr2ih | In more generality, Weyl quantization is studied in cases where the phase space is a symplectic manifold, or possibly a Poisson manifold. Related structures include the Poisson–Lie groups and Kac–Moody algebras. | Deformation quantization |
c_amp46ahqialh | In more heavily (human) populated and trafficked areas, reports have been increasing of rattlesnakes that do not rattle. This phenomenon is commonly attributed to selective pressure by humans, who often kill the snakes when they are discovered. Non-rattling snakes are more likely to go unnoticed, so survive to reproduc... | Evolutionary pressure |
c_1114ih3wunz4 | In more material senses the concept of formulation appears in the physical sciences, such as physics, chemistry, and biology. It also is ubiquitous in industry, engineering and medicine, especially pharmaceutics. | Formulation |
c_6ucpctf0jvr1 | In more modern applications, microbial cellulose has become relevant in the medical sector. It has been tested and successfully used as a wound dressing, especially in burn cases. Studies have shown that burns treated with microbial cellulose coverings healed faster than traditional treatments and had less scarring. Th... | Microbial cellulose |
c_izreddi1n851 | The high water holding ability provides a moist atmosphere at the injury site, which is critical in healing, while the wicking ability allows seepage from the wound to be removed from the site. Also, the microbial cellulose molds very well to the surface of the skin, providing a conformal covering even in usually diffi... | Microbial cellulose |
c_yumof8p9p3n7 | Another microbial cellulose commercial treatment product is XCell produced by the Xylos Corporation, which is mainly used to treat wounds from venous ulcers. Studies have also been performed where traditional gauze dressings are treated with a microbial cellulose biopolymer to enhance the properties of the gauze. In ad... | Microbial cellulose |
c_prf0blvletpw | A key ability of microbial cellulose for medical applications is that it can easily be molded into various shapes while still retaining all of its useful properties. By molding microbial cellulose into long, hollow tubes, they can be used as replacement structures for several different areas, such as the cardiovascular... | Microbial cellulose |
c_ggd6y1g4h5ty | The cellulose can also be modeled into mesh membranes that can be used for internal replacement structures, such as the brain's outer membrane, the dura mater. In addition to replacement, these structures have also been used as grafts to interact with existing internal biological material. | Microbial cellulose |
c_jcvch6xvnnzq | Microbial cellulose has also been used in guided tissue regeneration. Bioprocess ® and Gengiflex ® are some of the common trademarked products of microbial cellulose that now have wide applications in surgery and dental implants. One example involves the recovery of periodontal tissues by separating oral epithelial cel... | Microbial cellulose |
c_1ox3f76taydy | In more modern terms, a crypt is most often a stone chambered burial vault used to store the deceased. Placing a corpse into a crypt can be called immurement, and is a method of final disposition, as an alternative to, for example, cremation. Crypts are usually found in cemeteries and under public religious buildings, ... | Crypt |
c_fe6znzhpuz87 | Many royal families, for example, have vast crypts containing the bodies of dozens of former royalty. In some localities, an above ground crypt is more commonly called a mausoleum, which also refers to any elaborate building intended as a burial place, for any number of people. There was a trend in the 19th century of ... | Crypt |
c_qcua8ven5vj8 | In more modern times of photography, there exists a theory, presented by Jerry Uelsmann in 1965 to The Society for Photographic Education, called Post-Visualization, that can be connected back to the creation of combination printing.Post-Visualization was the idea that photographers can rethink what they are creating a... | Combination printing |
c_wap7dl51i5bh | In more modern times, research surrounding attention disorders has traditionally focused on hyperactive symptoms, but began to newly address inattentive symptoms in the 1970s. Influenced by this research, the DSM-III (1980) allowed for the first time a diagnosis of an ADD subtype that presented without hyperactivity. R... | Sluggish cognitive tempo |
c_uz9ltwho4v8f | In the mid-1980s, it was proposed that as opposed to the then accepted dichotomy of ADD with or without hyperactivity (ADD/H, ADD/noH), instead a three-factor model of ADD was more appropriate, consisting of hyperactivity-impulsivity, inattention-disorganization, and slow tempo subtypes.In the 1990s, Weinberg and Brumb... | Sluggish cognitive tempo |
c_ogobbecr8nbh | The authors acknowledged an overlap of PVD and ADHD but argued in favor of considering PVD to be distinct in its unique cognitive impairments. Problematic with the paper is that it dismissed ADHD as a nonexistent disorder (despite it having several thousand research studies by then) and preferred the term PVD for this ... | Sluggish cognitive tempo |
c_bzjx6eioh5uh | Of the proposed SCT-specific symptoms discussed while developing the DSM-IV, only "forgetfulness" was included in the symptom list for ADHD-I, and no others were mentioned. However, several of the proposed SCT symptoms were included in the diagnosis of "ADHD, not otherwise specified".Prior to 2001, there were a total o... | Sluggish cognitive tempo |
c_vmj0gs25ogzk | Thus, he argued, their exclusion from DSM-IV was inappropriate. The research article and its accompanying commentary urging the undertaking of more research on SCT spurred the publication of over 30 scientific journal articles to date which specifically address symptoms of SCT.However, with the publication of DSM-5 in ... | Sluggish cognitive tempo |
c_f2v6eze62rul | In more modern times, the use of computer-generated imagery is becoming increasingly popular, and, although costly, eliminates any danger level. Recent examples of this computer-generated imagery can be found in the Michael Bay films Bad Boys II and The Island. Driven was particularly panned for its CGI car chase seque... | Car chase |
c_0wcuv65u1c4o | In more recent decades hookers have followed quilters in exploring new materials and new techniques. This experimentation, combined with knowledge and respect for the past, will allow rug hooking to evolve and grow in the 21st century. Rug hooking today has evolved into two genres, which primarily fall into groups base... | Rug hooking |
c_5t906r8amkxw | Designs of the fine-cut hooking genre use more fine shading accomplished by overdyeing wool in graduated color swatches. Primitive (or wide-cut) hooking uses wool strips measuring 6/32 up to 1/2-inch wide. The wide-cut hooking accomplishes shading and highlights using textures in wool, such as plaids, checks, herringbo... | Rug hooking |
c_kkdxxya5k9zx | There are many well-known designers of commercial rug patterns and each exhibit their own distinct style and techniques. Some designers specialize in animals or whimsical subjects, others use specific and identifiable dyeing techniques, while others adapt antique rugs for today's rug hookers or employ various tools to ... | Rug hooking |
c_s4hf7pxjoqpv | Today's great Modern Folk Rug Hookers include; Norma Batastini, NJ; Cheryl Bollenbach, CO; Maggie Bonanomi, MO; Barbara Carroll, PA; Gail Dufresne, NJ;Carla Fortney, CA; Sally Van Nuys OH; Jayne Hester, NY; Cynthia Norwood, TX; Deanne Fitzpatrick, NS; Cindi Gay, Pemberville, OH; etc. There are many people like Magdalen... | Rug hooking |
c_rqxm22n2r55p | Attempts to create an ATHA teacher training program were met with tepid enthusiasm. The McGown Program allows for instructors to form a solid basis to move on to creating at the level that is seen consistently in the pages of the newly revamped ATHA Newsletter. There are countless annual exhibitions around the world di... | Rug hooking |
c_hylnzqrl6iah | A forthcoming one is "Hooked Between Two Islands" The History of the Hooked Rug Between Newfoundland and Guernsey. The exhibition is scheduled for 2011 at the Guernsey Folk and Costume Museum, Guernsey, Channel Islands sponsored by The National Trust of Guernsey and the Canadian Portrait Academy. A permanent collection... | Rug hooking |
c_ha5xosh5v7es | There is a rug show held annually at Sauder Village in Archbold, Ohio that displays hundreds of rugs for one week in August each year. In 2016 there are 825 rugs on display, including a special exhibition to honor Pearl McGown. The 2023 Rug Hooking week at the Sauder Village is expecting to have around 700 fiber art pi... | Rug hooking |
c_um8uqev408gt | In the 1980s, Canadian artist Nancy Edell, discovered rug-hooking after moving to Nova Scotia, located on Canada's east coast. She introduced traditional rug-hooking into her surrealist, feminist art practice, using the medium to explore ideas of feminist utopia, and the gendering of space. She became one of many femal... | Rug hooking |
c_cn987epljenc | In more recent presentations of the Chinese room argument, Searle has identified "strong AI" as "computer functionalism" (a term he attributes to Daniel Dennett). Functionalism is a position in modern philosophy of mind that holds that we can define mental phenomena (such as beliefs, desires, and perceptions) by descri... | Strong AI hypothesis |
c_dg2r032wpf01 | In more recent research related to bilingualism and ASL, early exposure and adequate access to a first language has been imperative to children's development of language, academic and social opportunities, and critical thinking and reasoning skills - all of which can be "applied to literacy development in a spoken lang... | Bimodal bilingualism |
c_1qdej11anu5m | This model is embedded in a bimodal, bilingual education and may include "comparative and integrative pedagogic strategies such as translation, fingerspelling, and chaining/sandwiching strategies. "Simultaneous communication, or SimCom, which is a method of signing that represents English in its structure and elements,... | Bimodal bilingualism |
c_n9449uiklb09 | However, research has shown this method of communication is not ideal for bilingual language learning. In a study about bimodal bilingual teachers and students' vocabulary levels, the results revealed a "slower speech rate, lower lexical richness, and lower syntactic complexity in the SimCom condition compared with th... | Bimodal bilingualism |
c_c7m07j5w6z8w | In more recent times Cornish currency was issued by the Cornish Stannary Parliament in 1974 under the name of the 'Cornish National Fund'. The Cornish National Fund was established with the objective of raising funds to assist with a "campaign for the restitution of Cornwall’s legal right to partially govern itself and... | Cornish currency |
c_t5lb12yifds7 | In 1985 the Cornish Stannary Parliament issued notes of two denominations –- 50 pence and 1 pound—and were sold at a premium as a matching pair as a fund raising exercise. In 2000 the Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament issued new banknotes in the denomination of 500 Dynars to commemorate the 200-year anniversary of Ri... | Cornish currency |
c_yhq3ymtcghhg | Following an incident on 26 February 1975 when Trull attempted to arrest the clerk and magistrate while being tried for a motoring offence at St Austell Magistrate's Court, he was found guilty of using threatening words and behaviour with intent to provoke a breach of the peace on 2 June 1975. He produced twenty-five p... | Cornish currency |
c_f8385g17gfhq | In more recent times Sacred Harp singing has spread beyond the borders of the United States. The United Kingdom has had an active Sacred Harp community since the 1990s. The first UK Sacred Harp convention took place in 1996. There are regular singings in London, the Home Counties, the Midlands, Yorkshire, Lancashire, M... | Sacred harp |
c_76bg5mz924mj | Singings have been organized weekly in Montreal, Quebec since 2011, as well as a monthly afternoon sing, and the first Montreal all-day sing took place in the spring of 2016. Sacred Harp singing has happened on a monthly basis for years in Toronto. Australia has had Sacred Harp singing since 2001, and singings are held... | Sacred harp |
c_uy86zxobbgkt | The first Australian All Day Singing was held in Sydney in 2012.In January 2009, Sacred Harp singing was introduced to Ireland, by Dr Juniper Hill of University College Cork, spreading quickly from a class module into the wider community. In March 2011 U.C.C. hosted the first annual Ireland Sacred Harp Convention, and ... | Sacred harp |
c_4fmhylq6sba5 | There are now also growing Sacred Harp communities in Belfast and Dublin.In the most recent development, Sacred Harp singing has expanded beyond the limits of English-speaking countries to mainland Europe. In 2008 a singing community was established in Poland (which hosted the first Camp Fasola Europe in September 2012... | Sacred harp |
c_2i0s335eeo8m | In Germany there are regular weekly or monthly singings in Bremen, Hamburg, Berlin, Cologne and Munich, most of them with their own annual All-Day singings. Elsewhere in Germany, singers meet irregularly in Frankfurt, Gießen and Nürnberg. Recently groups have started up in Amsterdam, Paris and Clermont-Ferrand Oslo, No... | Sacred harp |
c_pnz1xto0tlad | Both the Swedish and Norwegian groups have arranged All Day Singings. The 7th Oslo All-Day Singing will in 2023 be arranged June 2-4. Regular singings are also taking place in Israel, and in April 2016, an all-day singing was held in Paris, France. | Sacred harp |
c_vv5gohwz2byn | In more recent times, a "package pumping station" provides an efficient and economic way of installing a drainage system. They are suitable for mechanical building services collection and pumping of liquids like surface water, wastewater or sewage from areas where drainage by gravity is not possible. A package pumping ... | Packaged pump station |
c_pbogyo5y8dmy | The unit is supplied with internal pipework fitted, pre-assembled ready for installation into the ground, after which the submersible pumps and control equipment are fitted. Features may include controls for fully automatic operation; a high-level alarm indication, in the event of pump failure; and possibly a guide-rai... | Packaged pump station |
c_458poc4lsgel | In more recent times, a number of companies are selling composite railroad ties manufactured from recycled plastic resins and recycled rubber. Manufacturers claim a service life longer than wooden ties with an expected lifetime in the range of 30–80 years, that the ties are impervious to rot and insect attack, and that... | Railroad ties |
c_57zq9lrerfza | However, plastics may shed microplastics and leach other possibly toxic chemicals such as ultraviolet inhibitors. Hybrid plastic railroad ties and composite ties are used in other rail applications such as underground mining operations, industrial zones, humid environments and densely populated areas. Hybrid railroad t... | Railroad ties |
c_1re5hpcth0yj | Hybrid plastic ties and composite ties also offer benefits on bridges and viaducts, because they lead to better distribution of forces and reduction of vibrations into respectively bridge girders or the ballast. This is due to better damping properties of hybrid plastic ties and composite ties, which will decrease the ... | Railroad ties |
c_dddi79km0mqc | but I-Plas became insolvent in October 2012.In 2012, New Zealand ordered a trial batch of "EcoTrax" brand recycled composite ties from Axion for use on turnouts and bridges, and a further three-year order in 2015, but then Axion filed for bankruptcy in December 2015, though it continues to trade. These ties are develop... | Railroad ties |
c_w9g4kycrws8v | In more recent times, atmospheric CO2 concentration continued to fall after about 60 million years ago. About 34 million years ago, the time of the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event and when the Antarctic ice sheet started to take its current form, CO2 was about 760 ppm, and there is geochemical evidence that concentra... | Atmospheric CO2 |
c_o7l39fcpzg5h | In more recent times, due to the temporary nature of well stimulation, specialized drilling ships known as "well stimulation vessels" have been used for deep sea well stimulation. Offshore companies such as Norshore and Schlumberger operate a fleet of such specialized ships. Also known as "Multipurpose drilling vessels... | Well stimulant |
c_d4g6bvp3ofh0 | In more recent times, the term bit slicing was reused by Matthew Kwan to refer to the technique of using a general-purpose CPU to implement multiple parallel simple virtual machines using general logic instructions to perform single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) operations. This technique is also known as SIMD withi... | Bit-slice processor |
c_6w6tcwqrp64i | In more recent times, zoning has been criticized by urban planners and scholars (most notably Jane Jacobs) as a source of new social ills, including urban sprawl, the separation of homes from employment, and the rise of "car culture". Some communities have begun to encourage development of denser, homogenized, mixed-us... | Euclidean zoning |
c_0eiput07pas0 | In more recent versions, the white van speaker scam has turned into an electronic product sold on second-hand goods websites. The most notable example features video projectors (sometimes accompanied with a projection screen or speakers). The packaging for such projectors will claim high specifications such as 4K resol... | White van speaker scam |
c_07cbeefl1az2 | Scammers create a website for their created brand so it will be referenced by search engines and thereby build credibility around their scam product. As usual, the product is sold at a much lower price - as much as one-tenth that of the putative retail price. The latest variety of the white van scam was observed around... | White van speaker scam |
c_jph931ujn7i4 | They are typically listed as refurbished or like-new with a story about why they are so deeply discounted and need to be sold so fast, often referencing a poorly made, fake vendor website with listed prices. These list prices are significantly higher than comparable premium products to give the illusion that the trampo... | White van speaker scam |
c_pmvpfyiudqdz | In more recent work, Orlikowski argues that our primary ways of dealing with materiality in organizational research are conceptually problematic and proposes an alternative approach that posits materiality as constitutive of everyday life. This work draws on Karen Barad's agential realism and the notion of sociomateria... | Wanda Orlikowski |
c_ijbh0tx79tu9 | In more recent work, philosophers David Chalmers and Andy Clark in 1998 published "The Extended Mind." This has opened a wide channel of new research at the nexus of epistemology, philosophy of mind, cognitive and neuro-science, dynamic systems thinking, science, technology & innovation studies. | Extension (metaphysics) |
c_vnjs675idc8a | In more recent years Martin has emerged as a strong advocate for equal opportunity and addressing gender imbalance in academia. She published a letter in the prestigious journal Nature calling for scientific conference organisers to be more transparent with respect to their gender-balance policies and historical data. ... | Jennifer L. Martin |
c_yd4vbi5k8p9y | As an opinion leader she has been invited to speak on gender equity worldwide, and across sectors. In 2017, she presented a keynote lecture on addressing conference gender equity at the Australia and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Annual Scientific Meeting, and presented the Wunderly oration at the Thoracic Socie... | Jennifer L. Martin |
c_0fhp9ehsnu67 | Martin also contributes to science communication initiatives to help a wider audience understand her scientific fields of interest. She has participated in events such as BrisScience, which runs public lectures on science and technology; SCOM BOMB, a Google hangout operated by the Australian Science Communicators, Scie... | Jennifer L. Martin |
c_rqz2i12y6co0 | In more recent years, ACerS has continued to adapt and expand to meet the evolving needs of the ceramics community. The society now boasts more than 11,000 members from over 75 countries, reflecting its global reach and influence. ACerS' conferences, workshops, and symposia serve as essential platforms for networking, ... | American Ceramic Society |
c_1wmsa44flttu | The society's commitment to education is evident through its scholarship and grant programs, which support the next generation of ceramic scientists and engineers. The Society offers a wide range of educational resources, including workshops, conferences, and publications, to facilitate knowledge exchange and enhance t... | American Ceramic Society |
c_i6ltdhb2w09n | In more recent years, Fujifilm introduced a line of instant cameras and film in Japanese and Asian markets. Fujifilm called their instant camera line Fotorama. Starting in the early 1980s the F series of cameras include the F-10, F-50S and F-62AF. In the mid-1980s it introduced the 800 series with models such as the MX... | Instant camera |
c_lxalkiaz5cyv | The ACE cameras were introduced in the mid-1990s with film identical to the 800 film but with a different cartridge. The integral films are based on the Kodak line of instant camera films. The instant films FI-10/PI-800/ACE series are somewhat compatible with the Kodak line of instant cameras, with minor modifications ... | Instant camera |
c_nfewkmi96q8s | The F series film was discontinued in 1994 but similar modifications on more recent Instax film can be made to fit in the older cartridges. Fujifilm was one of the first manufacturers who added different shooting modes to Polaroid cameras. | Instant camera |
c_2d8jezs9r2cb | "Kid mode" for example, will shoot photos at a faster shutter speed for capturing fast moving objects or people. Fujifilm later introduced Instax Mini 8 and advertised as the "cutest camera" targeting young women and girls. Shortly after, they introduced Instax Mini 90 and Instax mini 70, Targeting middle-aged men with... | Instant camera |
c_6wrsd79p2ntf | In the late 1990s Fujifilm introduced a new series of cameras using a new film called Instax it was available in markets outside the US. Instax became available in a smaller size with the introduction of the Instax Mini/Cheki line. Polaroid's Mio was available in the US, it uses the same film as the Fujifilm Instax Min... | Instant camera |
c_kpniw631sipy | This was also true of the Polaroid 300, and this film is still being sold. None of Fujifilm's products were sold officially in the United States originally. With the announcement in 2008 of Polaroid ceasing film production, Instax and peel apart type films became available in more channels. Fuji ended production of pee... | Instant camera |
c_76pgx418zetd | In more recent years, GCI has been supplanted, or replaced outright, with the introduction of Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C, often called AWACS) aircraft. AEW&C tends to be superior in that, being airborne and being able to look down, it can see targets fairly far away at low level, as long as it can pick t... | Ground-controlled intercept |
c_96s5yxr4oj50 | The strengths of GCI are that it can cover far more airspace than AEW&C without costing as much and areas that otherwise would be blind-spots for AEW&C can be covered by cleverly placed radar stations. AEW&C also relies on aircraft which may require defence and a few aircraft are more vulnerable than many ground-based ... | Ground-controlled intercept |
c_8ffek3s1iwn2 | In both cases a strike on a command center could be very serious. Either GCI or AEW&C can be used to give defending aircraft a major advantage during the actual interception by allowing them to sneak up on enemy aircraft without giving themselves away by using their own radar sets. Typically, to perform an interception... | Ground-controlled intercept |
c_fmwoonjs0j0c | With GCI or AEW&C, the defending aircraft can be vectored to an interception course, perhaps sliding in on the intruder's tail position without being noticed, firing passive homing missiles and then turning away. Alternatively, they could turn their radars on at the final moment, so that they can get a radar lock and g... | Ground-controlled intercept |
c_g5le6jpiqscd | In more recent years, Russian language forums have gained dominance over English language ones, with the former considerably more adept at identifying security researchers and counterintelligence activities and strict invitation systems. Russia's lack of extradition treaty with the United States has made the country so... | Operation Firewall |
c_fyu4vmbiuqmj | In more recent years, a new class of theories has also suggested the existence of magnetic monopoles. During the early 1970s, the successes of quantum field theory and gauge theory in the development of electroweak theory and the mathematics of the strong nuclear force led many theorists to move on to attempt to combin... | Quantization condition |
c_e5ap8ku5m2mf | The charge on magnetic monopoles predicted by GUTs is either 1 or 2 gD, depending on the theory. The majority of particles appearing in any quantum field theory are unstable, and they decay into other particles in a variety of reactions that must satisfy various conservation laws. Stable particles are stable because th... | Quantization condition |
c_ul87vb6px405 | For instance, the electron has a lepton number of one and an electric charge of one, and there are no lighter particles that conserve these values. On the other hand, the muon, essentially a heavy electron, can decay into the electron plus two quanta of energy, and hence it is not stable. The dyons in these GUTs are al... | Quantization condition |
c_oq4xuwr6f6dl | The dyons are expected to exist as a side effect of the "freezing out" of the conditions of the early universe, or a symmetry breaking. In this scenario, the dyons arise due to the configuration of the vacuum in a particular area of the universe, according to the original Dirac theory. They remain stable not because of... | Quantization condition |
c_evv4qz0lnigs | The length scale over which this special vacuum configuration exists is called the correlation length of the system. A correlation length cannot be larger than causality would allow, therefore the correlation length for making magnetic monopoles must be at least as big as the horizon size determined by the metric of th... | Quantization condition |
c_t8k4ju1ocn5x | Cosmological models of the events following the Big Bang make predictions about what the horizon volume was, which lead to predictions about present-day monopole density. Early models predicted an enormous density of monopoles, in clear contradiction to the experimental evidence. This was called the "monopole problem". | Quantization condition |
c_d89ta96362ld | Its widely accepted resolution was not a change in the particle-physics prediction of monopoles, but rather in the cosmological models used to infer their present-day density. Specifically, more recent theories of cosmic inflation drastically reduce the predicted number of magnetic monopoles, to a density small enough ... | Quantization condition |
c_maqgensljioj | This resolution of the "monopole problem" was regarded as a success of cosmic inflation theory. (However, of course, it is only a noteworthy success if the particle-physics monopole prediction is correct.) For these reasons, monopoles became a major interest in the 1970s and 80s, along with the other "approachable" pre... | Quantization condition |
c_c7b5h9pq027k | In more recent years, articles of the Bulletin have focused on many topics, ranging from the dangers of radiation following the Chernobyl disaster to the impact of the fall of the Soviet Union. In the wake of the Soviet Union's collapse, other articles have focused on issues such as military spending and the continued ... | Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |
c_taulegwkudy7 | As more countries such as Pakistan and India have tested nuclear weapons, the Bulletin has focused on the dangers posed by these countries. The Bulletin's bi-monthly "Nuclear Notebook" is written by Federation of American Scientists experts Hans Kristensen and Matt Korda and tracks the number of nuclear weapons in the ... | Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |
c_c9wocfrhnde7 | In 2015, the Bulletin added the Nuclear Notebook Interactive, an infographic that illustrates which countries have nuclear weapons and when they got them, and how many nuclear warheads they have in any given year. All nine nuclear-armed states are featured: the United States, Russia, China, India, Pakistan, France, Bri... | Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |
c_ky1vw6330hxe | The potential dangers of nuclear weapons and energy, military and political developments in the Post-Cold War world, political unrest in the Middle East (and its attendant potential for proliferation risks of nuclear and chemical weapons), myriad negative consequences of climate change, cyber warfare, and changes wroug... | Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |
c_wsdhfkvi3rhm | In more recent years, pellets or formulated diets have become very popular, especially in the US. They offer an advantage over a seed-based diet in that a parrot cannot pick out and eat only its favorite (usually fatty) seeds. The majority of avian veterinarians will recommend a pelleted or formulated diet, and will ex... | Companion parrots |
c_4uzjqjvjjlfk | Many pellets contain artificial food dyes and preservatives that may be harmful; however there are "no-color-added" options available on the market.Most pellets contain soy, which is not a part of a parrot's natural diet; however, the diet of wild parrots cannot be replicated in captivity. Avian veterinarians and nutri... | Companion parrots |
c_mntoa20t78mj | There are still many birds which develop problems such as vitamin toxicity, fatty liver disease or gout, despite being on a pelleted diet.A common mistake made by owners feeding pellets is over-supplementing them with fresh food. As a pellet is, essentially, a supplemented grain, supplementing them even more "dilutes" ... | Companion parrots |
c_b3ufpz0mcj7w | In more recent years, pest-exclusion fences have been built around singular properties, or groups of properties. This practice is known as cluster fencing. Cluster fencing allows farmers to monitor and mitigate predation pressure on livestock, and monitor Total Grazing Pressure (TGP) through accurate abundance data of ... | Pest-exclusion fence |
c_pzepb55drww2 | In more recent years, since the development of the top-down methodologies, IA have been used as a basis for the development of a knowledge audit, which itself in-turn contributes to an organisation's knowledge management strategy. Once complete, the IA allows examination into where knowledge is produced, where there ma... | Knowledge audit |
c_diiql7w1dnhd | In more recent years, small products called programmable logic relays (PLRs) or smart relays, have become more common and accepted. These are similar to PLCs and are used in light industries where only a few points of I/O are needed, and low cost is desired. These small devices are typically made in a common physical s... | Programmable logic controllers |
c_99jdcyxop3ti | Most such devices include a tiny postage-stamp-sized LCD screen for viewing simplified ladder logic (only a very small portion of the program being visible at a given time) and status of I/O points, and typically these screens are accompanied by a 4-way rocker push-button plus four more separate push-buttons, similar t... | Programmable logic controllers |
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