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c_iy9r0hdgohyj | For most areas of the ocean, the highest rates of carbon remineralisation occur at depths between 100–1,200 m (330–3,940 ft) in the water column, decreasing down to about 1,200 m where remineralisation rates remain pretty constant at 0.1 μmol kg−1 yr−1. As a result of this, the pool of remineralised carbon (which gener... | Remineralisation |
c_0gopif18qxyq | Most remineralisation is done with dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Studies have shown that it is larger sinking particles that transport matter down to the sea floor while suspended particles and dissolved organics are mostly consumed by remineralisation. This happens in part due to the fact that organisms must typical... | Remineralisation |
c_kmn7bj97hb3h | In most operating systems predating Unix, programs had to explicitly connect to the appropriate input and output devices. OS-specific intricacies caused this to be a tedious programming task. On many systems it was necessary to obtain control of environment settings, access a local file table, determine the intended da... | Standard output |
c_ixyd3oeopzj8 | Older operating systems forced upon the programmer a record structure and frequently non-orthogonal data semantics and device control. Unix eliminated this complexity with the concept of a data stream: an ordered sequence of data bytes which can be read until the end of file. A program may also write bytes as desired a... | Standard output |
c_ksu3dzuy0xw8 | Another Unix breakthrough was to automatically associate input and output to terminal keyboard and terminal display, respectively, by default — the program (and programmer) did absolutely nothing to establish input and output for a typical input-process-output program (unless it chose a different paradigm). In contrast... | Standard output |
c_hm5rj1e3q6wm | In most organisms non-coding genes (ncRNA) are transcribed as precursors that undergo further processing. In the case of ribosomal RNAs (rRNA), they are often transcribed as a pre-rRNA that contains one or more rRNAs. The pre-rRNA is cleaved and modified (2′-O-methylation and pseudouridine formation) at specific sites ... | Gene Expression |
c_fzu3so64okw1 | While snoRNA part basepair with the target RNA and thus position the modification at a precise site, the protein part performs the catalytical reaction. In eukaryotes, in particular a snoRNP called RNase, MRP cleaves the 45S pre-rRNA into the 28S, 5.8S, and 18S rRNAs. The rRNA and RNA processing factors form large aggr... | Gene Expression |
c_g951s3ef7khm | In the case of micro RNA (miRNA), miRNAs are first transcribed as primary transcripts or pri-miRNA with a cap and poly-A tail and processed to short, 70-nucleotide stem-loop structures known as pre-miRNA in the cell nucleus by the enzymes Drosha and Pasha. After being exported, it is then processed to mature miRNAs in ... | Gene Expression |
c_va9e42mr2p6t | In most organisms, glycine betaine is biosynthesized by oxidation of choline in two steps. The intermediate, betaine aldehyde, is generated by the action of the enzyme mitochondrial choline oxidase (choline dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.99.1). Betaine aldehyde is further oxidised in the mitochondria in mice to betaine by the e... | Trimethylglycine |
c_x799g9verxu7 | In most organisms, malate dehydrogenase (MDH) exists as a homodimeric molecule and is closely related to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in structure. It is a large protein molecule with subunits weighing between 30 and 35 kDa. Based on the amino acid sequences, it seems that MDH has diverged into two main phylogenetic gro... | Malate dehydrogenase |
c_583de7kxeofe | The amino acid sequences of archaeal MDH are more similar to that of LDH than that of MDH of other organisms. This indicates that there is a possible evolutionary linkage between lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase.Each subunit of the malate dehydrogenase dimer has two distinct domains that vary in structure... | Malate dehydrogenase |
c_1449e3cxub5e | The subunits are held together through extensive hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions.Malate dehydrogenase has also been shown to have a mobile loop region that plays a crucial role in the enzyme's catalytic activity. Studies have shown that conformational change of this loop region from the open conformation ... | Malate dehydrogenase |
c_p9aq2yw6jgur | In most oriental rugs, the pile is of sheep's wool. Its characteristics and quality vary from each area to the next, depending on the breed of sheep, climatic conditions, pasturage, and the particular customs relating to when and how the wool is shorn and processed. In the Middle East, rug wools come mainly from the fa... | Oriental rug |
c_tq71b1yxsg4u | Usually, sheep are shorn in spring and fall. The spring shear produces wool of finer quality. | Oriental rug |
c_a0jbcjbmgbj1 | The lowest grade of wool used in carpet weaving is “skin” wool, which is removed chemically from dead animal skin. Fibers from camels and goats are also used. Goat hair is mainly used for fastening the borders, or selvages, of Baluchi and Turkmen rugs, since it is more resistant to abrasion. | Oriental rug |
c_twky3tpuxo39 | Camel wool is occasionally used in Middle Eastern rugs. It is often dyed in black, or used in its natural colour. More often, wool said to be camel's wool turns out to be dyed sheep wool. | Oriental rug |
c_pucnhufnfocr | In most other countries, like in the Netherlands, the street sweep vehicle is usually accompanied by a few street sweeping persons, who go around the parked cars with brooms. They bring the garbage from around the parked cars to the road, from where the sweep vehicle takes it over. This way, citizens do not have to mov... | Alternate-side parking |
c_b3fsyblfuh47 | In most other regression procedures (e.g. logistic regression), there is no simple formula to compute the expected out-of-sample fit. Cross-validation is, thus, a generally applicable way to predict the performance of a model on unavailable data using numerical computation in place of theoretical analysis. | Holdout method |
c_ac8m0rx9sq64 | In most over-voltage spark gaps avalanches of electrons move towards the anode. As the number of electrons increases Coulomb's law states that also the field strength increases. The strong field accelerates the avalanche. | TEA laser |
c_ql2ir3heh1x5 | A slow rise time of the voltage lets the electrons drift towards the anode before they can generate an avalanche. Electrophilic molecules capture electrons before they can generate an avalanche. Thermal effects destabilize a homogeneous discharge electron and ion diffusion stabilizes it. | TEA laser |
c_mv6prhb4r94l | In most papillomavirus types, the primary function of the E7 protein is to inactivate members of the pRb family of tumor suppressor proteins. Together with E6, E7 serves to prevent cell death (apoptosis) and promote cell cycle progression, thus priming the cell for replication of the viral DNA. E7 also participates in ... | Papilloma virus |
c_bcge8qovha3h | In most parliamentary democracies today, the head of state has either evolved into, or was created as, a position of titular leadership. In the former case, the leader may often have significant powers listed within the state's constitution but is no longer able to exercise them because of historical changes within tha... | Titular ruler |
c_zsi2fon8rnew | In most parliamentary democracies, members of a parliament can propose a motion of confidence or of no confidence in the government or executive. The results of such motions show how much support the government currently has in parliament. Should a motion of confidence fail, or a motion of no confidence pass, the gover... | Confidence and supply |
c_hdgcv0qus1eh | In most partner dances, one is the leader and the other is the follower. As a rule, they maintain connection with each other. In some dances the connection is loose and called dance handhold. In other dances the connection involves body contact. | Partner dance |
c_8ba8wujtbqkk | In the latter case the connection imposes significant restrictions on relative body positions during the dance and hence it is often called dance frame. It is also said that each partner has their own dance frame. Although the handhold connection poses almost no restriction on body positions, it is quite helpful that t... | Partner dance |
c_8dgkhi9ph0ny | In promenade-style partner dancing there is no leader or follower, and the couple dance side-by-side maintaining a connection with each other through a promenade handhold. The leader dances traditionally to the left of the follower. Some peoples have folk partner dances, where partners do not have any body contact at a... | Partner dance |
c_0zzu7gzost0p | In most parts of Asia, satellite is the preferred method of national signal coverage. Exceptions include Singapore (which bans civilian ownership of satellite receivers) and Malaysia, which only allows civilian ownership of receivers provided by Astro. Terrestrially, the scenario is similar to Europe's; the systems are... | Broadcast relay station |
c_hbqmx0iggq2n | In most parts of Europe, Romanesque columns were massive, as they supported thick upper walls with small windows, and sometimes heavy vaults. The most common method of construction was to build them out of stone cylinders called drums, as in the crypt at Speyer Cathedral. | Romanesque architecture |
c_etqg1lfucdi1 | In most parts of Europe, liberal arts education is deeply rooted. In Germany, Austria and countries influenced by their education system it is called 'humanistische Bildung' (humanistic education). The term is not to be confused with some modern educational concepts that use a similar wording. | Liberal sciences |
c_jt8tu59y31al | Educational institutions that see themselves in that tradition are often a Gymnasium (high school, grammar school). They aim at providing their pupils with comprehensive education (Bildung) to form personality with regard to a pupil's own humanity as well as their innate intellectual skills. Going back to the long trad... | Liberal sciences |
c_bfsu6cofmtrz | Since students are considered to have received a comprehensive liberal arts education at gymnasia, very often the role of liberal arts education in undergraduate programs at universities is reduced compared to the US educational system. Students are expected to use their skills received at the gymnasium to further deve... | Liberal sciences |
c_u53yxxpeqpav | Central European University launched a liberal arts undergraduate degree in Culture, Politics, and Society in 2020 as part of its move to Vienna and accreditation in Austria. As well as the colleges listed above, some universities in the Netherlands offer bachelors programs in Liberal Arts and Sciences (Tilburg Univers... | Liberal sciences |
c_fzpu4l4qtx10 | For example, University College Dublin offers the degree, as does St. Marys University College Belfast, both institutions coincidentally on the island of Ireland. | Liberal sciences |
c_sjgtq0jeojn0 | In the Netherlands, universities have opened constituent liberal arts colleges under the terminology university college since the late 1990s. The four-year bachelor's degree in Liberal Arts and Sciences at University College Freiburg is the first of its kind in Germany. It started in October 2012 with 78 students. | Liberal sciences |
c_ms3ptxq0h5vl | The first Liberal Arts degree program in Sweden was established at Gothenburg University in 2011, followed by a Liberal Arts Bachelor Programme at Uppsala University's Campus Gotland in the autumn of 2013. The first Liberal Arts program in Georgia was introduced in 2005 by American-Georgian Initiative for Liberal Educa... | Liberal sciences |
c_v034hc2j4b3d | It has been suggested that the liberal arts degree may become part of mainstream education provision in the United Kingdom, Ireland and other European countries. In 1999, the European College of Liberal Arts (now Bard College Berlin) was founded in Berlin and in 2009 it introduced a four-year Bachelor of Arts program i... | Liberal sciences |
c_ygn0omqyaub7 | In 2013, the University of Birmingham created the School of Liberal Arts and Natural Sciences, home of a suite of flexible 4-year programmes in which students study a broad range of subjects drawn from across the university, and gain qualifications including both traditional Liberal Arts and Natural Sciences, but also ... | Liberal sciences |
c_0g19ek1i7flp | Richmond American University London is a private liberal arts university where all undergraduate degrees are taught with a US liberal arts approach over a four-year programme. Durham University has both a popular BA Liberal Arts and a BA Combined Honours in Social Sciences programme, both of which allow for interdiscip... | Liberal sciences |
c_am1z2fzksj10 | In 2016, the University of Warwick launched a three/four-year liberal arts BA degree, which focuses on transdisciplinary approaches and problem-based learning techniques in addition to providing structured disciplinary routes and bespoke pathways. And for 2017 entry UCAS lists 20 providers of liberal arts programmes.In... | Liberal sciences |
c_tyacxfe6f9wz | The University of Dundee and the University of Glasgow (at its Crichton Campus) are the only Scottish universities that currently offer a specifically named 'Liberal Arts' degree.In Slovakia, the Bratislava International School of Liberal Arts (BISLA) is located in the Old Town of Bratislava. It is the first liberal ar... | Liberal sciences |
c_kn8x5q9frdyy | In most parts of the country, squalls are called subasko and are characterized by heavy rains driven by blustery winds. Local fishermen at sea are often on the lookout for signs of impending squalls on the open water and rush to shore at its early signs. | Squall |
c_bqe3mry5f91f | In most parts of the world regular users of public transport, especially commuters, make use of weekly, monthly or yearly season tickets that allow unlimited travel for a fixed fee. In some countries year passes are available for the entire national railway network (e.g. the Bahncard100 in Germany for about €3000 and t... | Flat rate |
c_bx0odgvwhpd6 | In most parts of the world, especially in higher elevations and northern latitudes such as Alaska, Alaskan communities have observed changes in phenological cycles. Locations such as Alaska are severely impacted due to their northern locations and closeness to shore which intensifies the changes in climate. The Yukon-K... | Traditional Phenological Knowledge |
c_yldxhk93w692 | These communities have noticed a decrease in snowpack in recent winters. Hotter summers and thawing of permafrost also create an unsteady landscape which affects negatively the vegetation in this region, for instance, wild berries. Berries are essential for human consumption and food for wildlife. | Traditional Phenological Knowledge |
c_7zxqc4s4zq0f | For Alaskan communities, berry picking provides nutrition, but also indicators of seasonality change. These communities have seen changes in the last ten years; variability in berry abundance from year to year and earlier ripening. This is seen in cloud berries, blueberries and crowberries. | Traditional Phenological Knowledge |
c_iyiskih6w9zh | In most parts of the world, firewood is only prepared for transport at the time it is harvested. Then it is moved closer to the place where it will be used as fuel and prepared (split, seasoned, etc...) there. The process of making charcoal from firewood can take place at the place the firewood is harvested. | Fuel wood |
c_vazykt8ps6lv | Most firewood also requires splitting, which also allows for faster seasoning by exposing more surface area. Today, most splitting is done with a hydraulic splitting machine, but it can also be split with a splitting maul or a wedge and sledge hammer. Some steel wedges have an angled blade so the mechanical advantage i... | Fuel wood |
c_qsfls78k3xt0 | In most parts of the world, ice pellets only occur for brief periods and do not accumulate a significant and troublesome amount. However, across the eastern United States and southeastern Canada, warm air flowing north from the Gulf of Mexico ahead of a strong synoptic-scale storm system can overrun cold, dense air at ... | Ice pellet |
c_6rhilrxjyqmg | The effects of a significant accumulation of ice pellets are not unlike an accumulation of snow. One significant difference however is that for the same volume of snow, an equal volume of ice pellets is significantly heavier and thus more difficult to clear away. Additionally, a volume of ice pellets takes significantl... | Ice pellet |
c_qo1iwzyvdgwd | In most party list systems, a voter may only vote for one party (single choice ballot) with their list vote, although ranked ballots may also be used (spare vote). Open list systems may allow more than one preference votes within a party list (votes for candidates are called preference votes - not to be confused with t... | Party-list proportional representation |
c_h11y55e2xgih | In most patent laws, an (alleged) invention must be new and inventive (or non-obvious, which is basically synonymous of inventive) to be considered patentable, i.e., to be validly patented. An invention is considered new if it does not form part of the prior art (or state of the art), i.e., if it was not already disclo... | Internet as a source of prior art |
c_aib01s5dzcm0 | A patent cannot be obtained for the device or method, or, if obtained (granted), it can generally be "invalidated". The identification of the prior art is therefore of utmost importance to determine whether an invention is patentable, i.e. whether a patent can be granted for an invention (or whether a patent granted fo... | Internet as a source of prior art |
c_bc7ammjtwguf | In most patent laws, unity of invention is a formal administrative requirement that must be met for a patent application to proceed to grant. An issued patent can claim only one invention or a group of closely related inventions. The purpose of this requirement is administrative as well as financial. | Unity of invention |
c_h8raecrezdgt | The requirement serves to preclude the possibility of filing one patent application for several inventions, while paying only one set of fees (filing fee, search fee, examination fee, renewal fees, and so on). Unity of invention also makes the classification of patent documents easier. It is worth noting, that the WIPO... | Unity of invention |
c_21nt01evfnbu | On the other hand, the USPTO uses for its domestic applications a very different approach ("independent or distinct"), which is based on the fields of use for each claim, justifying this approach by a "burden on the examiner" to search different areas of technology. The patent offices in Japan and China, similarly to t... | Unity of invention |
c_4ixzlxk11xom | In most pathosystems, virulence is dependent on hydrolases - and the wider class of cell wall degrading proteins - that degrade the cell wall. The vast majority of CWDPs are pathogen-produced and pectin-targeted (for example, pectinesterase, pectate lyase, and pectinases). For microbes the cell wall polysaccharides are... | Fungal herbicide |
c_q4b5p43tv065 | In most patients injectable gonadotropin preparations are used, usually FSH preparations. The clinical choice of gonadotrophin should depend on availability, convenience and costs. The optimal dosage is mainly a trade-off between the pregnancy rate and risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. A meta-analysis came to ... | Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation |
c_1ica55g9a4k1 | Compared with higher doses, this dose is associated with a slightly lower oocyte yield, but similar pregnancy rates and embryo cryopreservation rates. For women predicted to have a poor response, there may not be any benefit to start at a higher FSH dosage than 150 IU per day.When used in medium dosage, a long-acting F... | Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation |
c_flax70i00sgx | In most patients with LGS, the treatment does not end seizure recurrence. The goals of treatment are to lower frequency and severity of seizures to greatest extent possible. There are no studies using only one medication. Lamotrigine and rufinamide used as add-ons are very effective in reducing overall seizures, but do... | Lennox-Gastaut syndrome |
c_gfvluwn1z8d0 | Various treatments have been shown to have some degree of efficacy. In 1997–1999, lamotrigine was found to be effective and approved by the Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada. In 1999, topiramate trials showed that topiramate decreased seizure occurrence by more than 50%.Felbamate is the treatment of last r... | Lennox-Gastaut syndrome |
c_31igf3z3yehm | In most patients, optic disc drusen are an incidental finding. It is important to differentiate them from other conditions that present with optic disc elevation, especially papilledema, which could imply raised intracranial pressure or tumors. True papilledema may present with exudates or cotton-wool spots, unlike ODD... | Optic disc drusen |
c_0b09lhcgqxg4 | Spontaneous venous pulsations are present in about 80 percent of patients with ODD, but absent in cases of true disc edema. Other causes of disc elevation clinicians must exclude may be: hyaloid traction, epipapillary glial tissue, myelinated nerve fibres, scleral infiltration, vitreopapillary traction and high hyperop... | Optic disc drusen |
c_4ftnww46mnoi | In most patients, the condition lasts only a matter of weeks; in some cases it can last longer (up to six months). The disease resolves completely without long-term effects. In a ten-year epidemiological study of 939 people in the United States, less than two percent had a recurrence. | Pityriasis rosea |
c_tkrht1xrpf48 | In most patients, the number and size of cherry angiomas increases with advancing age. They are harmless, having no relation to cancer at all. Eruptive cherry hemangiomatosis, has been rarely reported as a heralding sign of multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), multiple myeloma and other lymphoproliferative diseases. | Cherry hemangioma |
c_464gcoi7w0tf | In most people with established essential hypertension, increased resistance to blood flow (total peripheral resistance) accounts for the high pressure while cardiac output remains normal. There is evidence that some younger people with prehypertension or 'borderline hypertension' have high cardiac output, an elevated ... | Hypertension |
c_uzq95bxytvdn | The increased peripheral resistance in established hypertension is mainly attributable to structural narrowing of small arteries and arterioles, although a reduction in the number or density of capillaries may also contribute.It is not clear whether or not vasoconstriction of arteriolar blood vessels plays a role in hy... | Hypertension |
c_pfxc3omjzq78 | This can mean that systolic pressure is abnormally high, but diastolic pressure may be normal or low, a condition termed isolated systolic hypertension. The high pulse pressure in elderly people with hypertension or isolated systolic hypertension is explained by increased arterial stiffness, which typically accompanies... | Hypertension |
c_an98v8npbdbx | Most evidence implicates either disturbances in the kidneys' salt and water handling (particularly abnormalities in the intrarenal renin–angiotensin system) or abnormalities of the sympathetic nervous system. These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and it is likely that both contribute to some extent in most cases ... | Hypertension |
c_grz9nsfpl7wa | In most people, ligaments (which are the tissues that connect bones to each other) are naturally tight in such a way that the joints are restricted to 'normal' ranges of motion. This creates normal joint stability. If muscular control does not compensate for ligamentous laxity, joint instability may result. The trait i... | Ligamentous laxity |
c_80qjmd7fdvoe | However, if there is widespread laxity of other connective tissue, then this may be a sign of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, Down syndrome, Klippel–Feil syndrome, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Larsen syndrome, Marfan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other medical conditions.Ligamentous laxity may also result from injur... | Ligamentous laxity |
c_ozbjgj8r4b8l | It can be seen in standing stress radiographs in flexion, extension, and neutral views as well, and also digital motion X-ray, or DMX. An advantage to having lax ligaments and joints is the ability to withstand pain from hyperextension; however, this is also a disadvantage as a lack of perceived pain can prevent a pers... | Ligamentous laxity |
c_8ndvsjiwdvg7 | In most people, scalp hair growth will halt due to follicle devitalization after reaching a length of generally two or three feet. Exceptions to this rule can be observed in individuals with hair development abnormalities, which may cause an unusual length of hair growth. | Human hair growth |
c_c084zopqce7c | In most phalangerid marsupials (a family of possums) except species Trichosurus and Wyulda the first and second toes of the forefoot are opposable to the other three. In the hind foot, the first toe is clawless but opposable and provides firm grip on branches. The second and third toes are partly syndactylous, united b... | Opposable thumb |
c_5qkshs4l1tei | Koalas have five toes on their fore and hind feet with sharp curved claws except for the first toe of the hind foot. The first and second toes of the forefeet are opposable to the other three, which enables the koala to grip smaller branches and search for fresh leaves in the outer canopy. Similar to the phalangerids, ... | Opposable thumb |
c_vwxzryi3mokv | Opossums are New World marsupials with opposable thumbs in the hind feet giving these animals their characteristic grasping capability (with the exception of the water opossum, the webbed feet of which restrict opposability). The mouse-like microbiotheres were a group of South American marsupials most closely related t... | Opposable thumb |
c_emd701psctjw | In most philosophical languages, words are constructed from a limited set of morphemes that are treated as "elemental" or "fundamental". "Philosophical language" is sometimes used synonymously with "taxonomic language". Vocabularies of oligosynthetic languages are made of compound words, which are coined from a small (... | Philosophical language |
c_43gunh63c3x1 | In most photovoltaic applications the radiation is sunlight, and the devices are called solar cells. In the case of a semiconductor p–n (diode) junction solar cell, illuminating the material creates an electric current because excited electrons and the remaining holes are swept in different directions by the built-in e... | Photovoltaic Effect |
c_m5pq9s31otyo | It is found that except for the DC output generated by the conventional PV effect based on a p–n junction, AC current is also produced when a flashing light is illuminated at the interface. The AC PV effect does not follow Ohm's law, being based on the capacitive model that the current strongly depends on the frequency... | Photovoltaic Effect |
c_xbkkgyowvmyl | In most physical and biological sciences, the use of either quantitative or qualitative methods is uncontroversial, and each is used when appropriate. In the social sciences, particularly in sociology, social anthropology and psychology, the use of one or other type of method can be a matter of controversy and even ide... | Quantitative data |
c_0zlanfn7ljvw | Qualitative methods might be used to understand the meaning of the conclusions produced by quantitative methods. Using quantitative methods, it is possible to give precise and testable expression to qualitative ideas. This combination of quantitative and qualitative data gathering is often referred to as mixed-methods ... | Quantitative data |
c_1qqj4l1xn9t3 | In most piston engines, the camshaft(s) are mechanically connected to the crankshaft. The crankshaft drives the camshaft (via a timing belt, timing chain or pushrods), which in turn actuates the intake and exhaust valves. These valves allow the engine to inhale air (or an air/fuel mixture) and exhale the exhaust gasses... | Timing chain |
c_iejvcpx25uln | In many older overhead valve engines, the camshaft is located in the block near the crankshaft, therefore a simple gear system is often used to drive the camshaft. Overhead camshaft engines mostly use timing belts or timing chains, since these are better suited to transferring drive over larger distances. Timing belts ... | Timing chain |
c_qiba377qafog | In most placental mammals, the structure of antibodies is generally the same. Jawed fish appear to be the most primitive animals that are able to make antibodies similar to those of mammals, although many features of their adaptive immunity appeared somewhat earlier.Cartilaginous fish (such as sharks) produce heavy-cha... | Fab immunoglobulin |
c_th95xyr2681z | In most places a system designed for 5 successive days of no sun provides enough storage for all but a few days in a hundred years. Heat can be stored over a number of days using a large container of water. An 8-foot cube of water in the basement might store 15 kL of water, which is heated using a copper tube with fins... | Barra system |
c_109r9tyb9bn3 | In most places in the tropics sufficient precipitation occurs to grow enough food to feed the local population; however, it may not fall in a timely or convenient manner. Making maximum use of the water that does fall is an ongoing challenge. Water is a particularly important issue in dryland farming. The ability to co... | Tropical agriculture |
c_vqya5axehupf | When it rains in dryland areas, the rain storms are normally heavy, and the soil unable to absorb the large amounts of rain that comes down. This leads to excessive surface run-off that needs to be captured and retained. Commercial farms growing cash crops often use irrigation techniques similar to or identical to what... | Tropical agriculture |
c_rv6qpqb599zg | In most places on Earth, local time is determined by longitude, such that the time of day is more or less synchronised to the position of the Sun in the sky (for example, at midday, the Sun is roughly at its highest). This line of reasoning fails at the North Pole, where the Sun is experienced as rising and setting onl... | Geographic North Pole |
c_36hve1f8r1ha | In most places we suppose that the base field is perfect (for example finite or characteristic zero). This hypothesis is required to have a smooth group schemepg 64, since for an algebraic group G {\displaystyle G} to be smooth over characteristic p {\displaystyle p} , the maps must be geometrically reduced for large e... | Algebraic torus |
c_85ccvz0smxf0 | In most places, contamination comes from a variety of sources (non-point source pollution). In a few it is primarily pollution from a single industrial source. The more immediate threat is from locations where high concentrations of toxic or pathogenic pollutants are present, but lower concentrations of less immediatel... | Diving disorders |
c_kvsujeqjym2p | These are biological, chemical and radioactive materials.The risks from hazardous materials are generally proportional to dosage - exposure time and concentration, and the effects of the material on the body. This is particularly the case with chemical and radiological contaminants. There may be a threshold limit value... | Diving disorders |
c_fvsduuawse1s | In most places, except Australia, one tablespoon equals three teaspoons—and one US tablespoon is 14.8 ml (0.50 US fl oz; 0.52 imp fl oz) or 15 ml (0.51 US fl oz; 0.53 imp fl oz). | Tablespoon |
c_z842bl9jr7pp | In most plant species, an individual has both male and female sex organs.The life cycle of land plants involves alternation of generations between a sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte. The gametophyte produces sperm or egg cells by mitosis. The sporophyte produces spores by meiosis which in turn develop into gametoph... | Reproductive organs |
c_xq3hpsabxvr2 | In most popular programming languages, source code is delivered and deployed in granules of functionality which we will here call packages; actual terminology for this concept varies between language. Each package may contain multiple type, value, and function definitions, packages are often compiled separately in lang... | Multiple dispatch |
c_9lo7ivkmx3wd | Traditional single-dispatch OO languages make it trivial to add new datatypes but not new functions; traditional functional languages tend to have the opposite effect, and multiple dispatch, if implemented correctly, allows both. It is desirable for an implementation of multiple dispatch to have the following propertie... | Multiple dispatch |
c_5rezpfhw5jbp | In most post-Soviet states DD.MM.YYYY format is used with dots as separators and with leading zeros. Some, such as Lithuania, have adopted the ISO 8601 YYYY-MM-DD format; previously a mixed standard with ISO 8601 order but dots as separators was in use. | Date and time notation in Switzerland |
c_cgf6djo74f36 | In most practical applications, an order book contains bid and offer for one security, contract or good, with a specialist matching orders for the specific item. In his work, Jean-François Mertens extends this and constructs an order matching mechanism that works across specialists, where he can cross orders that are n... | Limit order book |
c_rc72y8sdp2mb | In most practical cases deterministic algorithms or randomized algorithms are discussed, although theoretical computer science also considers nondeterministic algorithms and other advanced models of computation. | Asymptotic time complexity |
c_mdtvwltbwysk | In most practical cases, the dominant source of noise in a transimpedance amplifier is the feedback resistor. The output-referred voltage noise is directly the voltage noise over the feedback resistance. This Johnson–Nyquist noise has an RMS amplitude v n , o u t 2 ¯ = 4 k B T R f Δ f . {\displaystyle {\sqrt {\overline... | Transimpedance amplifier |
c_agbeneh5kfk9 | Though the output noise voltage increases proportionally to R f {\displaystyle {\sqrt {R_{f}}}} , the transimpedance increases linearly with R f {\displaystyle R_{f}} , resulting in an input-referred noise current i n , i n 2 ¯ = 4 k B T Δ f R f . {\displaystyle {\sqrt {\overline {i_{n,in}^{2}}}}={\sqrt {\frac {4k_{\te... | Transimpedance amplifier |
c_vo30fnsh8hxv | For a good noise performance, a high feedback resistance should thus be used. However, a larger feedback resistance increases the output voltage swing, and consequently a higher gain from the operational amplifier is needed, demanding an operational amplifier with a high gain-bandwidth product. The feedback resistance ... | Transimpedance amplifier |
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