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c_ziuma14psrwz | In most women, various physical changes are brought about by fluctuations in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle. This includes muscle contractions of the uterus (menstrual cramping) that can precede or accompany menstruation. Many women experience painful cramps, also known as dysmenorrhea, during menstruation. ... | Menstrual blood |
c_ny961v70h2xg | Severe symptoms that disrupt daily activities and functioning may be diagnosed as premenstrual dysphoric disorder. These symptoms can be severe enough to affect a person's performance at work, school, and in everyday activities in a small percentage of women.When severe pelvic pain and bleeding suddenly occur or worsen... | Menstrual blood |
c_z0amen94t8m1 | NSAIDs can be used to reduce moderate to severe pain, and all appear similar. About 1 in 5 women do not respond to NSAIDs and require alternative therapy, such as simple analgesics or heat pads. Other medications for pain management include aspirin or paracetamol and combined oral contraceptives. Although combined oral... | Menstrual blood |
c_u4mk3qwyoq25 | In most work-at-height environments, multiple fall protection measures are used concurrently. | Fall protection |
c_o8y9vjqclmi7 | In most years through the early 1950s, the pace car led the field around the track for one warm up lap, and then the race began. The pace lap concept was popular with fans, as many drivers commonly waved at the fans and the rolling grid made for spectacular photographs. By 1957, the procedure was changed so the pace ca... | Indianapolis 500 pace cars |
c_or2uceb82lev | This also allowed the fans on the main stretch (where the largest grandstands are located) to see the entire field parade by one time before the start. Previously only fans on other parts of the track got to actually see the grid go by for photographs and waving. For the 1957–1958 races, the grid was lined up and exite... | Indianapolis 500 pace cars |
c_18cw3pcqupex | The two laps allowed the field to properly form up, however, in practice it turned out to be difficult and both races saw incidents at the start. In 1959, the field went back to lining up the grid on the main stretch, and continues to do so to this day. By the late 1960s, not only would a special driver be behind the w... | Indianapolis 500 pace cars |
c_kwdq7826d74u | Automotive executives, NASA astronauts, reporters from ABC Sports and the IMS Radio Network, and other celebrities were among those invited to ride in the pace car. In 1971, local Indianapolis Dodge dealer Eldon Palmer was involved in a crash driving the pace car. | Indianapolis 500 pace cars |
c_gn68bd07woeb | He crashed into a photographer's stand at the south end of the pit area, injuring several persons. In the years immediately following, the pace car driver utilized would only be an experienced race driver. Former Indy winner Jim Rathmann served six times (and once for caution periods only). Celebrities James Garner and... | Indianapolis 500 pace cars |
c_fzh2sz15q56u | In most years, students have taken the USAMO at their respective high schools. Prior to 2002, the problems were mailed to the schools in sealed envelopes, not to be opened before the appointed time on the test day. Since 2002, test problems have been posted on the AMC website (see links below) fifteen minutes prior to ... | United States of America Mathematical Olympiad |
c_p5a2edjamwno | In 2002, the Akamai Foundation, as a major sponsor of the American Mathematics Competitions, invited all USAMO participants to take the test at a central event at MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts, all expenses paid. In addition, Akamai invited all 2002 USAMO participants who were not high school seniors (approximately 1... | United States of America Mathematical Olympiad |
c_67f5u6a0y1as | In 2004 and 2005, however, funding was found to send 30 rising freshmen to MOP as well, in a program popularly called "Red MOP." Each year, the top 12 scorers on the USAMO are considered for selection to the IMO team for the United States. The students are trained at the MOP at Carnegie Mellon University, and then six ... | United States of America Mathematical Olympiad |
c_w7st618dnhiy | In most years, the most visible meteor shower is the Perseids, which peak on 12 August of each year at over one meteor per minute. NASA has a tool to calculate how many meteors per hour are visible from one's observing location. The Leonid meteor shower peaks around 17 November of each year. The Leonid shower produces ... | Meteoroid shower |
c_8li3fb8n72in | Leonid storms gave birth to the term meteor shower when it was first realised that, during the November 1833 storm, the meteors radiated from near the star Gamma Leonis. The last Leonid storms were in 1999, 2001 (two), and 2002 (two). | Meteoroid shower |
c_7st7upv7gjdr | Before that, there were storms in 1767, 1799, 1833, 1866, 1867, and 1966. When the Leonid shower is not storming, it is less active than the Perseids. See the Infographics on Meteor Shower Calendar-2021 on the right. | Meteoroid shower |
c_8ca6wjmrth6v | In most zones of continent-continent collision, the relative movement of the plates is oblique to the plate boundary itself. The deformation along the boundary is normally partitioned into dip-slip contractional structures in the foreland with a single large strike-slip structure in the hinterland accommodating all the... | Strike-slip tectonics |
c_utwhckfsb4o2 | In most, if not all proteinopathies, a change in the 3-dimensional folding conformation increases the tendency of a specific protein to bind to itself. In this aggregated form, the protein is resistant to clearance and can interfere with the normal capacity of the affected organs. In some cases, misfolding of the prote... | Protein misfolding disease |
c_nj7zq5hrefbd | Because proteins share a common structural feature known as the polypeptide backbone, all proteins have the potential to misfold under some circumstances. However, only a relatively small number of proteins are linked to proteopathic disorders, possibly due to structural idiosyncrasies of the vulnerable proteins. For e... | Protein misfolding disease |
c_4l23gyc3livc | In nearly all instances, the disease-causing molecular configuration involves an increase in beta-sheet secondary structure of the protein. The abnormal proteins in some proteopathies have been shown to fold into multiple 3-dimensional shapes; these variant, proteinaceous structures are defined by their different patho... | Protein misfolding disease |
c_lo9fw9pwg4i0 | The likelihood that proteinopathy will develop is increased by certain risk factors that promote the self-assembly of a protein. These include destabilizing changes in the primary amino acid sequence of the protein, post-translational modifications (such as hyperphosphorylation), changes in temperature or pH, an increa... | Protein misfolding disease |
c_a65nsy1jslzp | In most-idle hunting, calls are always delivered to whichever line has been idle the longest. This considers the length of time that the calltaker has been busy versus available. This is typically used in call centers where the calls are being answered by people, to distribute the load evenly. | Line hunting |
c_qam9te038jcv | In mostly European experience with 69 patients during 1996–2016, the 5- and 10-year survival rates for SCLS patients were 78% and 69%, respectively, but the survivors received significantly more frequent preventive treatment with IVIG than did non-survivors. Five- and 10-year survival rates in patients treated with IVI... | Capillary leak syndrome |
c_kkf2s20ytscy | In motion compensation, quarter or half samples are actually interpolated sub-samples caused by fractional motion vectors. Based on the vectors and full-samples, the sub-samples can be calculated by using bicubic or bilinear 2-D filtering. See subclause 8.4.2.2 "Fractional sample interpolation process" of the H.264 sta... | Motion Compensation |
c_mcnr48974z5h | In motion control, the design focus is on straight, linear motion, with the need to move a system from one steady position to another (point-to-point motion). The design concern from a jerk perspective is vertical jerk; the jerk from tangential acceleration is effectively zero since linear motion is non-rotational. Mot... | Angular jerk |
c_sa111r36abae | ISO 18738 specifies measurement methods for elevator ride quality with respect to jerk, acceleration, vibration, and noise; however, the standard does not specify levels for acceptable or unacceptable ride quality. It is reported that most passengers rate a vertical jerk of 2 m/s3 as acceptable and 6 m/s3 as intolerabl... | Angular jerk |
c_7grvr6clyy0y | A primary design goal for motion control is to minimize the transition time without exceeding speed, acceleration, or jerk limits. Consider a third-order motion-control profile with quadratic ramping and deramping phases in velocity (see figure). This motion profile consists of the following seven segments: Acceleratio... | Angular jerk |
c_jjes992ecwob | If this distance is so small that omitting segment four would not suffice, then segments two and six (constant acceleration) could be equally reduced, and the constant velocity limit would not be reached. If this modification does not sufficiently reduce the crossed distance, then segments one, three, five, and seven c... | Angular jerk |
c_dddlsn6a1bj7 | In motion picture and television production, a sound effect is a sound recorded and presented to make a specific storytelling or creative point, without the use of dialogue or music. The term often refers to a process, applied to a recording, without necessarily referring to the recording itself. In professional motion... | Film techniques |
c_jcvb05claw66 | In motion picture cameras, the pin(s) hold the film immovable during exposure. In certain "professional" motion picture cameras and "step" printers, there may be two registration pins: one is called the "big pin" and it is employed for primary (axial and lateral) registration while the other one is called the "little p... | Pin registration |
c_bn4us6j2ulh4 | In the East (the former Soviet Union and its former Satellites), a single registration pin, corresponding to the "big pin", is employed along with side pressure. Additionally, Western "professional" cameras always employ Bell and Howell (BH) pins whereas Eastern "professional" cameras generally employ Kodak Standard (K... | Pin registration |
c_tb0ip7mdjyd6 | To further improve registration accuracy, the perforations which are utilized for registration are never used for film advancement (i.e., for pull-down). The above description applies to "professional" applications, which is generally taken to mean film gauges larger than 16mm (i.e., 35mm and 65/70mm). | Pin registration |
c_a6b9txfqlkts | For 16mm, only, a modified strategy is generally employed, at least for "step" printers which utilize 1R (single-row) perforations. The lower pin, the "big pin", will be fully fitting in the axial and lateral dimensions but the upper pin, the "little pin", will be fully fitting in the lateral dimension only, for the sa... | Pin registration |
c_3r3jflkyu9js | In motion picture equipment, the Mitchell BNC conversion to reflex was followed by the studio quiet XR35. The Cinema Products XR35 had a Mitchell NC camera inside a lightweight housing or blimp. The blimp was so close in size to the original camera, it looked small compared to the blimps made for Mitchell or Arriflex c... | Cinema Products Corporation |
c_o9wlm6gxgz2s | The X stood for crystal, the R for reflex. The reflex system was based on a spinning mirror shutter. During the mirrors' revolution at one point the film would be exposed, then the operator would view the image in the mirror as the film was advanced to the next frame, at 24 times a second. | Cinema Products Corporation |
c_n6lmtlctutbk | Cinema Products did their best to buy up all available 35mm Mitchell NC cameras on the market as the XR went into production. Later, Cinema Products sold their remaining Mitchell inventory to a Japanese company when the XR35 was challenged by competitors but still selling well. In 1972 Panavision and Arriflex came to m... | Cinema Products Corporation |
c_xekcvjltgywy | Panavision's Panaflex and the German Arriflex 35BL-I. These cameras were not blimped in the sense they had a camera in a housing; these cameras were designed from the ground up to be quiet. The light and ergonomic Arri 35BL-I gave European film makers (and eventually the American "Brats"), the ability to shoot studio-q... | Cinema Products Corporation |
c_3mb5b97164o2 | In motion picture formats, the physical size of the film area between the sprocket perforations determines the image's size. The universal standard (established by William Dickson and Thomas Edison in 1892) is a frame that is four perforations high. The film itself is 35 mm wide (1.38 in), but the area between the perf... | Picture aspect ratio |
c_7kstx5tkypu3 | In motion picture production, a Sound Editor/Designer is a member of a film crew responsible for the entirety or some specific parts of a film's soundtrack. In the American film industry, the title Sound Designer is not controlled by any professional organization, unlike titles such as Director or Screenwriter. The ter... | Sound Design |
c_xhn21u7frlch | The original meaning of the title Sound Designer, as established by Coppola and Murch, was "an individual ultimately responsible for all aspects of a film's audio track, from the dialogue and sound effects recording to the re-recording (mix) of the final track". The term sound designer has replaced monikers like superv... | Sound Design |
c_44ptdzb7dig8 | The advantage of calling oneself a sound designer beginning in later decades was two-fold. It strategically allowed for a single person to work as both an editor and mixer on a film without running into issues pertaining to the jurisdictions of editors and mixers, as outlined by their respective unions. Additionally, i... | Sound Design |
c_4ga1k0kta57c | In so doing, it allowed those who called themselves sound designers to compete for contract work and to negotiate higher salaries. The position of Sound Designer therefore emerged in a manner similar to that of Production Designer, which was created in the 1930s when William Cameron Menzies made revolutionary contribut... | Sound Design |
c_a4pbdw2e306h | Before stereo soundtracks, film sound was of such low fidelity that only the dialogue and occasional sound effects were practical. These sound systems were originally devised as gimmicks to increase theater attendance, but their widespread implementation created a content vacuum that had to be filled by competent profe... | Sound Design |
c_8mcndbuqpi2a | Dolby's immersive Dolby Atmos format, introduced in 2012, provides the sound team with 128 tracks of audio that can be assigned to a 7.1.2 bed that utilizes two overhead channels, leaving 118 tracks for audio objects that can be positioned around the theater independent of the sound bed. Object positions are informed b... | Sound Design |
c_g9s6h8omjrad | The greater dynamic range of the new systems, coupled with the ability to produce sounds at the sides, behind, or above the audience, provided the audio post-production team new opportunities for creative expression in film sound. Some directors were interested in realizing the new potential of the medium. A new genera... | Sound Design |
c_7j77y8wnwfuq | Filmmakers were inspired by the popular music of the era. Concept albums of groups such as Pink Floyd and The Beatles suggested new modes of storytelling and creative techniques that could be adapted to motion pictures. New filmmakers made their early films outside the Hollywood establishment, away from the influence o... | Sound Design |
c_u1g5jt6mr43a | In motion picture technology—either film or video—high frame rate (HFR) refers to higher frame rates than typical prior practice. The frame rate for motion picture film cameras was typically 24 frames per second (fps) with multiple flashes on each frame during projection to prevent flicker. Analog television and video ... | High Frame Rate |
c_c22dntvqz0aa | The field rate of analog television and video systems was typically 50 or 60 fields per second. Usage of frame rates higher than 24 fps for feature motion pictures and higher than 30 fps for other applications are emerging trends. Filmmakers may capture their projects in a high frame rate so that it can be evenly conve... | High Frame Rate |
c_g904qub5yqhi | In motion picture terminology, a montage (from the French for "putting together" or "assembly") is a film editing technique. There are at least three senses of the term: In French film practice, "montage" has its literal French meaning (assembly, installation) and simply identifies editing. In Soviet filmmaking of the ... | Assembly cut |
c_jv7so2c1m3sl | Griffith's work in the teens was highly regarded by Lev Kuleshov and other Soviet filmmakers and greatly influenced their understanding of editing. Kuleshov was among the first to theorize about the relatively young medium of the cinema in the 1920s. For him, the unique essence of the cinema — that which could be dupli... | Assembly cut |
c_b3m1sgu6h97q | He argues that editing a film is like constructing a building. Brick-by-brick (shot-by-shot) the building (film) is erected. | Assembly cut |
c_5kf5k4scxj5d | His often-cited Kuleshov Experiment established that montage can lead the viewer to reach certain conclusions about the action in a film. Montage works because viewers infer meaning based on context. | Assembly cut |
c_q1lry6jst0m0 | Sergei Eisenstein was briefly a student of Kuleshov's, but the two parted ways because they had different ideas of montage. Eisenstein regarded montage as a dialectical means of creating meaning. By contrasting unrelated shots he tried to provoke associations in the viewer, which were induced by shocks. | Assembly cut |
c_knnd18w2fyw2 | But Eisenstein did not always do his own editing, and some of his most important films were edited by Esfir Tobak.A montage sequence consists of a series of short shots that are edited into a sequence to condense narrative. It is usually used to advance the story as a whole (often to suggest the passage of time), rathe... | Assembly cut |
c_ebdba4sto4qp | One famous example of montage was seen in the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey, depicting the start of man's first development from apes to humans. Another example that is employed in many films is the sports montage. The sports montage shows the star athlete training over a period of time, each shot having more improve... | Assembly cut |
c_5gtyrpoq528k | Classic examples include Rocky and the Karate Kid. The word's association with Sergei Eisenstein is often condensed—too simply—into the idea of "juxtaposition" or into two words: "collision montage," whereby two adjacent shots that oppose each other on formal parameters or on the content of their images are cut against... | Assembly cut |
c_ms3k8ngykaie | He argued that conflict was the basis of all art, and never failed to see montage in other cultures. For example, he saw montage as a guiding principle in the construction of "Japanese hieroglyphics in which two independent ideographic characters ('shots') are juxtaposed and explode into a concept. Thus: Eye + Water = ... | Assembly cut |
c_vs0j5dffh8z9 | In motion pictures, Kodak's Kodacolor brand was originally associated with an early lenticular (additive color) color motion picture process, first introduced in 1928 for 16mm film. The process was based on the Keller-Dorian system of color photography. | Kodacolor (filmmaking) |
c_4n2hfgq74sbk | In motion pictures, gap/supergap financing is a form of mezzanine debt financing where the producer wishes to complete their film finance package by procuring a loan that is secured against the film's unsold territories and rights. Most gap financiers will only lend against the value of unsold foreign (non-North Americ... | Crowdfunded film |
c_2f9093p94y0t | Domestic distribution is also unpredictable and far from ever a sure thing (e.g. just because a film has a big budget and a commercial genre and cast, it could still be unwatchable and thus never receive a theatrical or television release in the US, thus being relegated to being a big budget, direct-to-video film.) Any... | Crowdfunded film |
c_jb9urx5ruhqw | A gap loan becomes a supergap loan when it extends beyond 10-15% of the production loan required to shoot the film (or in other words, when the percentage of the gap required to complete the film's financing package becomes greater than a bank is willing to bear, which is traditionally 10-15%, but can sometime be a fla... | Crowdfunded film |
c_gbesj54xkejy | In motion pictures, the 1982 comedy Tootsie has the lead character impersonating a woman in order to gain acting work on a long running television soap opera. Several scenes parody the production of soaps, their outrageous storylines and idiosyncratic stylistic elements. The 1991 comedy Soapdish stars Sally Field as an... | Soap opera |
c_o47hoy6ju4hk | The dream experience is an increasingly outrageous exaggeration of soap opera plot elements. On television, several soap opera parodies have been produced: The Carol Burnett Show (1967–1978) featured a recurring skit, "As the Stomach Turns", that spoofed the American soap opera As the World Turns. The first season of t... | Soap opera |
c_6t886yfuorev | The title was based on the long-running soap opera Love of Life, and its announcer Ken Roberts was also the announcer on Love of Life. Two of the most famous U.S. parodies were the series Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman (1976–1977) and Soap (1977–1981), the latter of which was a weekly sitcom/soap opera parody. | Soap opera |
c_eon4lodmwb6f | The cult Australian prison soap opera Prisoner (1979–1986) included a spoof television soap that the inmates were occasionally seen watching called "Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow". In one episode, specially recorded audio can be heard in which two characters from the fictional soap opera play out a ludicrous script whi... | Soap opera |
c_gcvsh6qq24am | The soap was set on a newly built housing estate in Chester and real scenes, even a "Part two" caption, were produced for airing on the character's houses TV's. Notably, Meadowcroft was also the original working title of Brookside. Fresno was a 1986 American miniseries spoof of the prime time serials of the period. | Soap opera |
c_n7msaqlxozj8 | The recurring "Acorn Antiques" skit on the UK's Victoria Wood As Seen On TV (1985–1987) was modeled on Crossroads and other British soap operas of the 1970s. In 1992, Wood included a new soap parody for the one-off programme Victoria Wood's All Day Breakfast called The Mall which was set in a shopping centre. Wood play... | Soap opera |
c_som2cu2r4x0k | Let The Blood Run Free (1990–1994) was an Australian parody of medical drama series. The 1990–1991 ABC drama Twin Peaks was a prime time series that poked fun at the genre. Episodes during the series' first season also included a fictional soap within the stories, titled Invitation to Love. | Soap opera |
c_kr1uhktllv8s | Shark Bay (1996) was an Australian parody of glamorous beachside soap operas. It featured many actors who had appeared in Australian soap operas Sons and Daughters, Prisoner, Home and Away and Neighbours. The 2000–2001 WB sitcom Grosse Pointe was a self-parody of creator Darren Star's behind-the-scenes experiences prod... | Soap opera |
c_4d9qsz0mrdsv | South African comedian Casper de Vries produced the soap opera parody Haak en Steek (which ran from 2003 to 2004), based on South African soaps like Egoli: Place of Gold. The now-cancelled ABC soap opera One Life to Live would often poke fun at the genre as well, even featuring a soap within the soap called Fraternity ... | Soap opera |
c_68t91hmul31i | A special episode that aired on December 19, 2011, featured the cast of One Life to Live acting out an episode of Fraternity Row in a dream of Roxy's; the episode poked fun at both One Life to Live and the entire genre itself, featuring many soap opera stereotypes such as overacting, outrageous story lines, bad casting... | Soap opera |
c_4ltpecibltyh | Saturday. Sunday. These are...The Days of the Week." | Soap opera |
c_2mq4wemz6t6l | The ABC comedy drama Desperate Housewives (which ran from 2004 to 2012) was a semi-satirical nighttime series that took many elements from the genre. The Fox broadcast show Futurama has a recurring spoof of All My Children called All My Circuits. The Adult Swim animated series Tender Touches, which premiered in 2017, i... | Soap opera |
c_bjg31q4wbgyh | In motion pictures, whether for film (cinema), television, or streaming, de-aging is a visual effects technique used to make an actor or actress look younger, especially for flashback scenes. This is often accomplished via digitally editing the image or using computer-generated imagery (CGI) overlays or touch-ups. Some... | De-aging in film |
c_nbhfytf2y23z | In motion planning, a Voronoi manifold is constructed by transforming the problem into a point navigation scenario within a higher-dimensional configuration space called C-Space. C-Space obstacles, representing physically unachievable configurations, are represented by higher-dimensional manifolds. The structure of the... | Voronoi manifold |
c_q0ew9givtu0h | In motivic cohomology, specifically motivic homotopy theory, there is a sheaf K n , A {\displaystyle K_{n,A}} representing a generalization of Milnor K-theory with coefficients in an abelian group A {\displaystyle A} . If we denote A t r ( X ) = Z t r ( X ) ⊗ A {\displaystyle A_{tr}(X)=\mathbb {Z} _{tr}(X)\otimes A} th... | Milnor ring |
c_97sq7gg1x0bw | In motor control, it contributes to hand-and-eye motor movement, swallowing, gastric motility, and speech articulation. It has been identified as a "central command” centre that ensures that heart rate and blood pressure increase at the onset of exercise. Research upon conversation links it to the capacity for long and... | Insular cortex |
c_w2smck4joqqz | In motor racing, the drag reduction system (DRS) is a form of driver-adjustable bodywork aimed at reducing aerodynamic drag in order to increase top speed and promote overtaking. It is an adjustable rear wing of the car, which moves in response to driver commands. DRS often comes with conditions, such as the requiremen... | Drag reduction system |
c_opodtvx7ywfq | The use of DRS is an exception to the rule banning any moving parts whose primary purpose is to affect the aerodynamics of the car. The system is also used in the Formula Renault 3.5 since 2012, Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters since 2013, Super Formula since 2014, GP2 Series later FIA Formula 2 Championship since 2015, GP... | Drag reduction system |
c_urkpa11i1f0z | In motor racing, the safety of the driver depends on the car body, which must meet stringent regulations, and only a few cars have been built with monocoque structures. An aluminum alloy monocoque chassis was first used in the 1962 Lotus 25 Formula 1 race car and McLaren was the first to use carbon-fiber-reinforced pol... | Structural skin |
c_mo8unpaf93uq | In motor racing, three successive race wins, winning the same event three times in a row, or securing pole position, fastest lap and race victory in one event may all be referred to as a hat-trick. | Hat trick |
c_bmfx5ikrw92d | In motorcycles and cars, the fuel reserve setting indicates that the level of fuel in the tank is low. In cars and most modern motorcycles this quantity (the reserve) is automatically available. Older motorcycles have a manual fuel tap or petcock. When the main fuel is exhausted, the motor will start sputtering, prompt... | Fuel reserve |
c_i1gmitju5vqu | Generally, when a rider notices that the engine began sputtering, he or she will have enough time to turn the petcock and access the reserve fuel before the engine shuts down. Most petcocks have three positions: OFF - This position is important to keep the tank from leaking when the engine is off. Whether it is present... | Fuel reserve |
c_ijorpeafq4xa | MAIN - This is the normal setting when the engine is running. Sometimes this position is labeled "ON" or "RUN". RESERVE - In this position, a known but small volume of fuel is available to allow the rider to be able to reach a petrol station. | Fuel reserve |
c_7korra28ix3g | The reserve is always a small quantity of the total supply.In most cases, the main and the reserve settings are actually drawing from the same tank, but there are two outlets through which the fuel may leave. One outlet is located a short distance above the other, when the fuel selector is set to the 'main' position, t... | Fuel reserve |
c_e34brec7xeea | Because in most cases the 'reserve' setting simply allows access to all the fuel, rather than a dedicated tank, the 'reserve' selection allows the rider to deplete the main fuel supply as well as the reserve. In theory this causes no harm, except that the fuel may run out without warning. Because fuel tanks accumulate ... | Fuel reserve |
c_tqo0n6yra7gp | At the bottom of the tank, especially from old cars and motorcycles and those with metal tanks, there is always a small amount of water (from moisture in the air, or from rain) mixed with various solid materials, like sand (blown in during a gas stop) or rust (from the inside of the metal tank). These substances can bl... | Fuel reserve |
c_4vlgu2vy1wjw | In motorcycles, the steering axis angle is measured from the vertical and called the caster angle, rake angle, or just rake; a 0° rake is therefore vertical. For example, Moto Guzzi offers: a 2007 Breva V 1100 with a rake of 25°30′ (25.5 degrees) a 2007 Nevada Classic 750 with a rake of 27.5° | Mechanical trail |
c_ueb91luiqupv | In motorcycling, Ballester et al. defined the critical information for airbag efficiency assessment: the zones and levels of torso protection, the impacted surfaces as well as the airbag intervention time and the duration of maintained inflation of the airbag. Also, earlier work by Thollon et al. analysed the effective... | Air bag vest |
c_kg4gxrnv1rpf | Independent research found that current airbags are effective and provide significant impact protection, but only under 30 mph. Initial investigation by ADAC found: “Increased protection potential is primarily only effective in accidents up to 50 Km/h.” In 2019, Thierry Serre et al. published more in-depth research (in... | Air bag vest |
c_h4bo6j1338mt | In motorcycling, the term "in-line" is sometimes used narrowly, for a straight engine mounted in line with the frame. A two-cylinder straight engine mounted across the frame is sometimes called a parallel twin. Other times, motorcycling experts treat the terms parallel, straight, and inline as equivalent, and use them ... | Straight engine |
c_53q6kflh3fhm | In motorsport, a safety car, or a pace car, is an automobile which limits the speed of competing cars or motorcycles on a racetrack in the case of a caution period such as an obstruction on the track or bad weather. The aim of the safety car is to enable the clearance of any obstruction under safer conditions, especial... | Safety car |
c_p98a21k4yr5n | A safety car is also preferred over restarting the race (red flag) as the latter takes longer. During a caution period, the safety car (which generally consists of an aptly modified high-performance production car) enters the track ahead of the leader. Depending on the regulations in effect, competitors are not normall... | Safety car |
c_jhhfy26tfeow | In motorsport, accident data recorders (ADR) must be used in various series as specified by the FIA. Starting with the 2015 season, the use of an ADR in the Formula 4 championship was compulsory. In the higher series, the use has been mandatory for some time. | Accident data recorder |
c_q9q6c97brx62 | In addition to the data of the acceleration sensors mounted on the vehicle, the loads on the driver are also measured with an in-ear accelerometer.Due to the higher speeds in formula sports compared to road traffic, the sensors have a measuring range of ± 150 g with a resolution of 0.1 g. 2 s are recorded before an eve... | Accident data recorder |
c_lx6i4zqv7ix3 | In motorsport, the racing line is the optimal path around a race course. In most cases, the line makes use of the entire width of the track to lengthen the radius of a turn: entering at the outside edge, touching the "apex"—a point on the inside edge—then exiting the turn by returning outside. | Racing line |
c_ulfk0b0tzul3 | In motorsport, the racing setup, car setup or vehicle setup is the set of adjustments made to the vehicle in order to optimize its behaviour (performance, handling, reliability, etc.) for specific conditions. Vehicle setups are variable for a variety of reasons, ranging from weather, driver/rider preference and race tr... | Racing setup |
c_yb8m5pvoa9at | In motorsports racing, there is a concept called the racing line. This is defined in lay terms as the optimal path around a race course that will allow the racer to complete a lap in the least possible time with the highest possible average speed. The racing line is a function of the track's layout and the combination ... | Run-off area |
c_9y8evpom3lhc | In motorsports, a tire war occurs when more than one manufacturer provides tires for a motorsports series. Historically, tire wars have occurred in many high-level series, such as Formula One, NASCAR, Super GT, and MotoGP. Tire wars are a controversial practice: on the one hand, they promote technical innovation, forci... | Tire wars |
c_0ub9vr26n3b5 | In mountain areas, workers quarried stone to build the Great Wall. Using the mountains themselves as footings, the outer layer of the Great Wall was built with stone blocks (and bricks), and filled with uncut stone and anything else available (like earth and dead workers). | Construction history |
c_6wygjp7c4gzr | In mountain bike orienteering there are 5 main disciplines which can be competed in at the world championships. Generally, all disciplines have around 25 control points along the way. | Mountain bike orienteering |
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