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c_kd7vje5kgfmz | In one study involving young cattle measurable proxies for pain were identified. Such proxies included heart rate and the plasma concentrations of the stress hormones cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine and catecholamine. Heart rate was monitored with standard veterinary ECG equipment and hormone concentrations deter... | Freeze branding |
c_n82442p8lby6 | An increase in any of these stress hormones or vocalization by the animal was assumed to register an increase in pain. A small microphone taped to the calves' throat was used to capture their vocalization response. Twenty-seven calves were divided into three groups. | Freeze branding |
c_7hkfd7fasjmq | Each group received either a hot-iron brand, a freeze brand using liquid nitrogen, or a "sham" brand. The sham brand was an iron kept at room temperature and pressed to the calves' skin for the same duration as a hot brand. The sham branding created a control group used to determine baseline levels of vocalization and ... | Freeze branding |
c_y7c61z05tzvv | A cannula was inserted into the jugular vein of each calf to sample their blood during branding. These cannula were inserted into each calf 14 to 20 hours before the experiment using squeeze chutes in a different building from the one in which they would be branded.To minimize systematic bias, researchers used blocking... | Freeze branding |
c_ltlpn39qxa36 | While being branded, ten blood samples were collected, heart rate measurements were taken, and vocalizations recorded with the microphone. These samplings occurred at uneven intervals during a 25 minute period, from five minutes before to twenty minutes after branding.This study determined that mean concentrations of p... | Freeze branding |
c_fpz3042vv45b | Heart rates, hormone concentrations, and epinephrine levels, the study's primary pain proxy, were all elevated in hot-branded calves. In terms of vocalization, one hot-branded and two freeze-branded calves expressed distress during branding, although this may have been due to the absence of other cattle in the calf's f... | Freeze branding |
c_ytz9wk7fj1hy | In one study of 21 students on Individualized Education Plans, graphic organizers were used during the pre-writing process to gauge student achievement on the persuasive essay in a 10th grade writing classroom. Explicit instruction on how to fill out the organizer along with color coding sections and sufficient class t... | Graphic organizer |
c_0214f5zcea6o | In one study of 387 Behçet's disease (BD) patients that has been done for 20 years, 13% of men with BD developed to NBD and 5.6% of women developed to NBD. Combining all statistical reports, approximately 9.4% (43 of 459) BD patients advanced to NBD. In addition, men were 2.8 times more likely to experience NBD than wo... | Neuro-Behçet's disease |
c_s5tqfn2gddta | This fact indicates possible gender-based pathology. In speaking about age of NBD patients, the general range was between 20 and 40. NBD patients with age less than 10 or more than 50 were very uncommon. | Neuro-Behçet's disease |
c_4g8uxbar0sn1 | In one study of average computer users, the average rate for transcription was 33 words per minute, and 19 words per minute for composition. In the same study, when the group was divided into "fast", "moderate" and "slow" groups, the average speeds were 40 wpm, 35 wpm, and 23 wpm respectively. An average professional t... | Typing |
c_8r67vttit9ns | From the 1920s through the 1970s, typing speed (along with shorthand speed) was an important secretarial qualification and typing contests were popular and often publicized by typewriter companies as promotional tools. A less common measure of the speed of a typist, CPM is used to identify the number of characters type... | Typing |
c_oiarwexa4hfp | The common conversion factor between WPM and CPM is 5. It is also used occasionally for associating the speed of a reader with the amount they have read. CPM has also been applied to 20th century printers, but modern faster printers more commonly use PPM (pages per minute). | Typing |
c_u4f5np4stjmh | The fastest typing speed ever, 216 words per minute, was achieved by Stella Pajunas-Garnand from Chicago in 1946 in one minute on an IBM electric using the QWERTY keyboard layout. As of 2005, writer Barbara Blackburn was the fastest English language typist in the world, according to The Guinness Book of World Records. ... | Typing |
c_yibok1eo35o6 | Barbara Blackburn, who failed her QWERTY typing class in high school, first encountered the Dvorak layout in 1938 and then she quickly learned to achieve very high speeds of typing, also she occasionally toured giving speed-typing demonstrations during her secretarial career. She appeared on Late Night with David Lette... | Typing |
c_knkrzxjuwn53 | These three people are the most commonly cited fastest typists in online typing communities. All of their records were set on the QWERTY keyboard layout. | Typing |
c_utrkn4rvhpob | Using a personalized interface, physicist Stephen Hawking, who suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, managed to type 15 wpm with a switch and adapted software created by Walt Woltosz. Due to a slowdown of his motor skills, his interface was upgraded with an infrared camera that detected "twitches in the cheek mu... | Typing |
c_f2tkfurxghs5 | In one study of natural transformation, investigators isolated B. subtilis bacteria with two mutations—trpC2 and hisB2—that made them Trp- , His- auxotrophs. These double auxotrophs served as the recipient in the study, wild-type cells (Trp+ , His+ ) were the donors. In this study, the numbers of Trp+ and His+ transfor... | Cotransformation |
c_aeo9qvz589zx | In one study of patients with IBS-D variant ondansetron showed statistically significant effect on stool consistency and bloating. Nonetheless, it did not have any antinociceptive activity. | Ondansetron |
c_0ugyh4s1ljja | In one study of pica in iron deficient versus iron replete blood donors, "pica was reported in 11% of donors with iron depletion/deficiency, compared with 4% of iron-replete donors," with pagophagia accounting for 94% of reported pica cases. A case series of pagophagia in men with iron-deficiency anemia concluded "that... | Pagophagia |
c_fu2pwo02hx9d | In one study of post open notes-implementation, 15-20% of clinicians reported making modest changes in their approach to medical records. While changes in documentation are typically small, some clinicians report spending more time in documentation after implementing note sharing.Emerging best practices for writing pat... | OpenNotes |
c_1n6dd4y2rclj | In one study of serial homicide in South Africa, many patterns were similar to established patterns in the U.S., with some exceptions: no offenders were female, offenders were lower educated than in the U.S., and both victims and offenders were predominantly black.There are many more serial killers outside of the Unite... | Serial killers |
c_rlte73lk6559 | However, he claims that the number is over 300. He was released from a mental facility in 1998 and his whereabouts are still unknown. He is commonly nicknamed the Monster of the Andes. | Serial killers |
c_kedljuridtrj | Another notable non-American serial is Luis Garavito who was a serial killer in Colombia. Garavito would kill and torture boys using various disguises. He murdered around 140 boys ranging in ages from 8 to 16. He would dump his victims' bodies in mass graves. | Serial killers |
c_6no6bs10v0qn | In one study performed by Eberhard Gwinner, two species of birds were born in a controlled environment without ever being exposed to external stimuli. They were presented with a fixed Photoperiod of 10 hours of light and 14 hours of darkness each day. The birds were exposed to these conditions for eight years and consi... | Circannual Cycle |
c_b9rngtsodyro | Despite this constant cycle, they continued to hibernate once a year with each episode preceded by an increase in body weight and food consumption. During the first year, the squirrels began hibernation in late October. | Circannual Cycle |
c_e285xuspkf0y | They started hibernating in mid August and early April respectively for the following two years, displaying a circannual rhythm with a period of about 10 months.An annual rhythm has been observed in humans diagnosed with obsessive compulsive tic disorder (OCTD). The study focused on observing the patients’ seasonal pat... | Circannual Cycle |
c_iaoho3i6xf2k | As a result of the study, the researchers concluded that treatments for this disorder can be implemented following an observation of the patient’s cycle and annual rhythm that they follow.Gwinner observed the willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus) which is a bird species that migrates seasonally to tropical and southe... | Circannual Cycle |
c_daxnt7jxkt4u | Gwinner observed that even through a lack of environmental cues for migration, the willow warblers followed precise schedules attributed to their circannual rhythm. The willow warblers would consistently molt between January and February, they would have gonadal growth initiate in the winter and continue on their migra... | Circannual Cycle |
c_7xxsfraai0ov | The authors first fostered larvae under various constant photoperiods at a constant temperature of 20°C to determine if there was a critical duration of the photophase that affected the phase of circannual rhythm. Secondly, they examined if a decrease in temperature caused a phase-shift in the circannual rhythm. Third,... | Circannual Cycle |
c_mx8arkcno3pp | Lastly, to clarify the significance of the circannual control of the A. verbasci life cycle, larvae were reared under natural photoperiod and temperature from the various times of the year. The results showed that the critical day-length was between 13 and 14 hours of light, that a decrease in temperature of 5°C did no... | Circannual Cycle |
c_444tye1746is | These rhythms are influenced by variable environmental cues, and in some species are influenced by internal cues. In a study conducted by Catalina Reyes, the authors took a further look into how red-eared sliders showed circadian and circannual rhythms in metabolism, and if metabolic rates overall influenced the circad... | Circannual Cycle |
c_i3idva338at1 | The understanding was that in order for these rhythms to be expressed, environmental cues influenced these thermo and phyto cycles eliciting circadian and circannual rhythms of the red-eared sliders. The sensitivity to these environmental influences reflect adaptations to migration patterns that could serve as further ... | Circannual Cycle |
c_45m22mqfzve4 | At temperate latitudes, circannual rhythms align with the day lengths, and in mammals, the hormone melatonin is reactive to the proportional length of evenings. Authors that collaborated on this study focused on the circannual alignment of, (Rangifer tarandus tarandus), better known as arctic reindeer. They are known t... | Circannual Cycle |
c_kdahkziuqell | In one study researchers conducted an experiment to better understand condition dependent signaling of acoustic calling in relation to food availability. They studied crickets in the wild where they supplemented the experimental groups food supply to see if that would allow the males to allocate more energy toward call... | Condition-dependant signaling |
c_aluawelkpofb | The food supplementation had an effect on the frequency of calls however the call itself remained consistent between the experimental and control group. This higher frequency of calls was effective in increasing the attraction of female crickets. This study concluded that condition dependent signaling is an imperative ... | Condition-dependant signaling |
c_9oh6sz2tuge5 | In one study the Erlenmeyer amino acid synthesis was used in the heart of an L-m-tyrosine synthesis | Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino-acid synthesis |
c_utlemu7sd6y7 | In one study the uptake and retention of mefway (18F) was found to be similar to that found for 11C-WAY-100,635. Head-to-head comparison of mefway (18F) and 11C-WAY-100,635 have been evaluated. Since 11C-WAY-100,635 is the current 'gold standard' and difficult to synthesize, a suitable fluorine-18 replacement as in mef... | Mefway (18F) |
c_vsqkjoa52x5a | Multiple injection mefway PET experiments can be used for the in-vivo measurement of 5-HT1A receptor density.Imaging studies of mefway on in vivo and ex vivo rat brains indicate that the substance binds to the known 5-HT1A receptor regions including the dorsal raphe. These findings support that the dorsal raphe is meas... | Mefway (18F) |
c_hhua7rpz5y32 | In one study the usual regioselectivity of an alkyne hydrozirconation is reversed with the addition of zinc chloride: One example of a one-pot hydrozirconation - carbonylation - coupling is depicted below: With certain allyl alcohols, the alcohol group is replaced by nucleophilic carbon forming a cyclopropane ring: The... | Schwartz's reagent |
c_bfnedogxzlv3 | In one study, 10 adult males underwent positron emission tomography scans in three different scenarios: During generation of moderate thirst by infusion of intravenous hypertonic saline 0.51 M After wetting of the mouth with water to remove the sensation of dryness 3, 14, 45, and 60 minutes after drinking water to full... | Primary consciousness |
c_ll39671d1rqg | In one study, 21% of the subjects were excluded for various reasons, including "the subject's erotic age-preference was uncertain and his phallometrically diagnosed sex-preference was the same as his verbal claim" and attempts to influence the outcome of the test. This study found the sensitivity for identifying pedohe... | Penile plethysmograph |
c_whpnkh8otcxw | Further studies by Freund have estimated the sensitivity of a volumetric test for pedohebephilia to be 35% for sexual offenders against children with a single female victim, 70% for those with two or more female victims, 77% for those offenders with one male victim, and 84% for those with two or more male victims. In t... | Penile plethysmograph |
c_z7dmjo69han6 | Specifically, sensitivity was estimated to be 61% for sexual offenders against children with three or more victims and 34% in incest offenders. The specificity of the test using a sample of sexual offenders against adults was 96% and the area under the curve for the test was estimated to be .86. Further research by thi... | Penile plethysmograph |
c_pk76f38b3t3z | In one study, 93% of the bottled water from 11 different brands showed microplastic contamination. Per liter, researchers found an average of 325 microplastic particles. Of the tested brands, Nestlé Pure Life and Gerolsteiner bottles contained the most microplastic with 930 and 807 microplastic particles per liter (MPP... | Microplastics |
c_an2qprppyh0g | In one study, XMRV was detected in a small percentage of patients with weakened immune systems, but other studies found no evidence of XMRV in immunosuppression. | Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus |
c_q169f336dzqp | In one study, a medical school tested its second year students and found their data entry skills – needed if they are to do small-scale unfunded research as part of their training – were below what the school considered acceptable, creating potential barriers. | Data entry |
c_j1c28a65pufo | In one study, all 20 C. dubliniensis isolates tested were susceptible to itraconazole, ketoconazole and amphotericin B. | Candida dubliniensis |
c_f4n77jb23y5o | In one study, buprenorphine was found to be effective in a subset of individuals with treatment-refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder. | Buprenorphine |
c_1xkh8ei0dtb3 | In one study, carbonization was used to create a new catalyst for the generation of biodiesel from ethanol and fatty acids. The catalyst was created by carbonization of simple sugars such as glucose and sucrose. The sugars were processed for 15 hours at 400 °C under a nitrogen flow to a black carbon residue consisting ... | Carbonization |
c_ufdmlq0tpax0 | In one study, excessive consumption of eggs, processed meats, and red meat was associated with increased rates of cancer of the head and neck, while consumption of raw and cooked vegetables seemed to be protective.Vitamin E was not found to prevent the development of leukoplakia, the white plaques that are the precurso... | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |
c_im3wwe217k4x | In one study, experienced art majors and naive students were shown pairs of popular art paintings from magazines and high-art paintings, from museums. Researchers found a significant interaction between expertise and art preference. Naive participants preferred popular art over high-art, while expert participants prefe... | Art psychology |
c_w7nbtnklgmur | Experts look to art for a challenging experience, while naive participants view art more for pleasure. Systematic preferences for viewing portraiture (left or right 3/4 profiles) have been found across media, artists, styles, gender/sex, and historical epoch. Both experiential tendencies and innate predispositions have... | Art psychology |
c_inv6hu0irzv0 | In one study, guilt feelings were induced in subjects by having them accidentally ruin a student's thesis data or by them seeing the data being ruined. Some subjects experienced positive events afterwards, e.g. being praised. Subjects who experienced negative guilt feelings were more motivated to help than those who ha... | Helping behavior |
c_x35kduyy3y4o | In one study, hypouricemia was found in 4.8% of hospitalized women and 6.5% of hospitalized men. (The definition was less than 0.14 mmol/L for women and less than 0.20 mmol/L in men.) | Familial renal hypouricemia |
c_dlol5sapssen | In one study, it was estimated that for every dollar ($1) that is spent on pesticides for crops can yield up to four dollars ($4) in crops saved. This means based that, on the amount of money spent per year on pesticides, $10 billion, there is an additional $40 billion savings in crop that would be lost due to damage b... | Pesticide registration |
c_ipkfz10xk163 | Consumers of agricultural products also benefit from being able to afford the vast quantities of produce available year-round.Post- WWII conditions caused the pesticide industry to flourish for several reasons including the growing middle class and the invention of cheap tractor-drawn spraying equipment. By the 1980s t... | Pesticide registration |
c_sbvjfllp192r | In one study, over 70 percent of online volunteers chose assignments requiring one to five hours a week and nearly half chose assignments lasting 12 weeks or less. Some organizations offer online volunteering opportunities which last from ten minutes to an hour. A unique feature of online volunteering is that it can be... | Online volunteering |
c_04icelqya68g | Likewise, online volunteering may allow people to overcome social inhibitions and social anxiety, particularly if they would normally experience disability-related labeling or stereotyping. This empowers people who might not otherwise volunteer. | Online volunteering |
c_uavqjwnts513 | It can build self-confidence and self-esteem while enhancing skills and extending networks and social ties. Online volunteering also allows participants to adapt their program of volunteer work to their unique skills and passions.People engaged in virtual volunteering undertake a variety of activities from locations re... | Online volunteering |
c_s9opxxjoxcsq | However, Internet penetration in low-income countries was only 18 per cent, compared to over 64 per cent in developed countries. While the costs of fixed broadband Internet are falling, access still remains unaffordable to many. Despite this, online volunteering is developing rapidly. | Online volunteering |
c_cqvrnp8mhp3v | Online volunteers are "people who commit their time and skills over the Internet, freely and without financial considerations, for the benefit of society." Online volunteering has eliminated the need for volunteerism to be tied to specific times and locations. Thus, it greatly increases the freedom and flexibility of v... | Online volunteering |
c_sqijm2hp3oqy | Most online volunteers engage in operational and managerial activities such as fundraising, technological support, communications, marketing and consulting. Increasingly, they also engage in activities such as research and writing and leading e-mail discussion groups.Online micro-volunteering is also an example of virt... | Online volunteering |
c_mh54h9f6nk7h | Online micro-volunteering was originally called "byte-sized volunteering" by the Virtual Volunteering Project, and has always been a part of the more than 30-year-old practice of online volunteering. An early example of both micro-volunteering and crowdsourcing is ClickWorkers, a small NASA project begun in 2001 that e... | Online volunteering |
c_bdq676gajnu8 | In one study, participants were asked to judge which of two road improvement plans would be more efficient in reducing mean journey time. Respondents preferred a plan that would increase the mean speed from 70 to 110 km/h (43 to 68 mph) more than a plan that would increase the mean speed from 30 to 40 km/h (19 to 25 mp... | Time-saving bias |
c_95vep6dr4pao | Another question had a higher starting speed of 60 mph (97 km/h), and two other questions asked about losing time when decreasing speed, from either 30 or 60 mph (48 or 97 km/h). Results supported the predictions of the time-saving bias, as participants underestimated the time saved when increasing from a low speed and... | Time-saving bias |
c_0mwycrjw2hhl | In one study, physicians were asked to give the chances of malignancy with a 1% prior probability of occurring. A test can detect 80% of malignancies and has a 10% false positive rate. What is the probability of malignancy given a positive test result? Approximately 95 out of 100 physicians responded the probability of... | Confusion of the inverse |
c_9dy1wy7k31vj | Most accidents occur within 25 miles from home; therefore, you are safest when you are far from home. Terrorists tend to have an engineering background; so, engineers have a tendency towards terrorism.For other errors in conditional probability, see the Monty Hall problem and the base rate fallacy. Compare to illicit c... | Confusion of the inverse |
c_ecmmug8grhoy | In one study, researchers examined the effects of overlearning geography facts or word definitions. After one week, overlearners recalled more geography facts and word definitions than non-overlearners, but this improvement gradually disappeared after the study. This research suggests that overlearning may be an ineffi... | Overlearning |
c_08mt84mfy45q | In one study, seven-membered rings were constructed in a tandem 5-exo-dig addition reaction / Claisen rearrangement: A 6-endo-dig pattern was observed in an allene - alkyne 1,2-addition / Nazarov cyclization tandem catalysed by a gold compound: A 5-endo-dig ring closing reaction was part of a synthesis of (+)-Preussin: | Baldwin's rules |
c_c74907abb6mg | In one study, stimulus exposure duration was tested against attentional bias for threat stimuli (for non-clinical anxiety). Individuals were given exposure durations of 100, 500, and 1500 millisecond intervals. However, there seemed to be no significant change in the bias towards threat stimuli. The experiment has yet ... | Attentional bias |
c_3wvmtndz4qy0 | In one study, the average birth interval across all countries was 32.1 months (2.7 years). The region with the greatest percentage of short interbirth intervals was central Asia, where a third of children were born less than 24 months apart. The region with lowest burden was Sub-Saharan Africa, with 20% of births havin... | Birth spacing |
c_bih3mc4azdx9 | In one study, the human health and environmental costs due to pesticides in the United States was estimated to be $9.6 billion: offset by about $40 billion in increased agricultural production.Additional costs include the registration process and the cost of purchasing pesticides: which are typically borne by agrichemi... | Crop protection product |
c_cecfmnpqkuuk | In one study, villagers of Savoonga and Shaktoolik, Alaska reported that over the last twenty years of their lives, the weather has become more difficult to predict, the colder season has shortened, there is more difficulty in predicting the amount of plants available for harvests, there are differences in animal migra... | Traditional Ecological Knowledge |
c_asbjo8qpwoi0 | In one suggested protocol, chimpanzees are given first-hand experience of wearing two mirrored visors. One of the visors is transparent whereas the other is not. The visors themselves are of markedly different colours or shapes. During the subsequent test session, the chimpanzees are given the opportunity to use their ... | Theory of mind in animals |
c_8vdkkvs7i05e | In one theory, meiosis is primarily an adaptation for repairing DNA damage. Environmental stresses often lead to oxidative stress within the cell, which is well known to cause DNA damage through the production of reactive forms of oxygen, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). DNA damages, if not repaired, can kill a ... | Origin and function of meiosis |
c_z8gf5430aaxp | However, ROS also cause a type of damage that is difficult to repair, referred to as double-strand damage. One common example of double-strand damage is the double-strand break. In this case, genetic information (nucleotide sequence) is lost from both strands in the damaged region, and proper information can only be ob... | Origin and function of meiosis |
c_k0988pn1ywba | The process that the cell uses to accurately accomplish this type of repair is called recombinational repair. Meiosis is distinct from mitosis in that a central feature of meiosis is the alignment of homologous chromosomes followed by recombination between them. The two chromosomes which pair are referred to as non-sis... | Origin and function of meiosis |
c_0lgpftcrlitr | Recombination between non-sister chromosomes at meiosis is known to be a recombinational repair process that can repair double-strand breaks and other types of double-strand damage. In contrast, recombination between sister chromosomes cannot repair double-strand damages arising prior to the replication which produced ... | Origin and function of meiosis |
c_5ysvabionfqz | If left unrepaired, this damage would likely be lethal to gametes and inhibit production of viable progeny. Even in multicellular eukaryotes, such as humans, oxidative stress is a problem for cell survival. | Origin and function of meiosis |
c_lkxdhgubb27x | In this case, oxidative stress is a byproduct of oxidative cellular respiration occurring during metabolism in all cells. In humans, on average, about 50 DNA double-strand breaks occur per cell in each cell generation. | Origin and function of meiosis |
c_wnhshcer1a2i | Meiosis, which facilitates recombinational repair between non-sister chromosomes, can efficiently repair these prevalent damages in the DNA passed on to germ cells, and consequently prevent loss of fertility in humans. Thus with the theory that meiosis arose from prokaryotic sex, recombinational repair is the selective... | Origin and function of meiosis |
c_8xrpqu8yww4v | Prokaryotes do have DNA repair mechanism enriched with recombinational repair, and the existence of prokaryotic life in severe environment indicates the extreme efficiency of this mechanism to help them survive many DNA damages related to the environment. This implies that an extra costly repair in the form of meiosis ... | Origin and function of meiosis |
c_n4lef25mouen | They primarily do not require a second homologous chromosome for the recombination that promotes a more extensive repair. Thus, despite the efficiency of recombinational repair involving sister chromatids, the repair still needs to be improved, and another type of repair is required. Moreover, due to the more extensive... | Origin and function of meiosis |
c_cyfjh2dydeyv | In one trial it was found that bradyphrenia as well as bradykinesia, could be treated using the combination of a L-DOPA and carbidopa regimen. This combination was believed to alter these effects of Parkinson's disease. In the short term, this combination had brought positive results as behaviours of these patients had... | Bradyphrenia |
c_p7kmjmrbu68w | In one type of electric nail gun, a rotating electric motor gradually compresses a powerful spring and suddenly releases it. | Nail gun |
c_07ueclk9z902 | In one type of microswitch, internally there are two conductive springs. A long flat spring is hinged at one end of the switch (the left, in the photograph) and has electrical contacts on the other. A small curved spring, preloaded (i.e., compressed during assembly) so it attempts to extend itself (at the top, just rig... | Micro switch |
c_nln5amei0r1j | Because the flat spring is anchored and strong in tension the curved spring cannot move it to the right. The curved spring presses, or pulls, the flat spring upward, that is away, from the anchor point. Owing to the geometry, the upward force is proportional to the displacement which decreases as the flat spring moves ... | Micro switch |
c_mvxffesh4fxa | (Actually, the force is proportional to the sine of the angle, which is approximately proportional to the angle for small angles.) As the actuator depresses it flexes the flat spring while the curved spring keeps the electrical contacts touching. When the flat spring is flexed enough it will provide sufficient force to... | Micro switch |
c_dg69jtxchf7g | As the flat spring moves downward the upward force of the curved spring reduces causing the motion to accelerate even in the absence of further movement of the actuator until the flat spring impacts the normally-open contact. Even though the flat spring unflexes as it moves downward, the switch is designed so the net e... | Micro switch |
c_dog4ux5rg0e3 | In the actuated position the curved spring provides some upward force. If the actuator is released this will move the flat spring upward. As the flat spring moves, the force from the curved spring increases. This results in acceleration until the normally-closed contacts are hit. Just as in the downward direction, the ... | Micro switch |
c_ajk2lhdq2ttd | In one use of freepost, a business sends bulk mail to potential customers, the bulk mail including envelopes or postcards that potential customers can return to the business by freepost. In another use, magazines include subscription cards that potential subscribers can return by freepost. In another use, a seller can ... | Freepost |
c_nqe0kzvz5kyv | A non-commercial use would be to return lost items belonging to a business. The item will have printed on the back "if found please return by freepost to ". For example, UK's NHS worker's RFID access cards can be returned by freepost if lost & found. | Freepost |
c_9o0eoebb7x61 | In one variant of the practice of kapparot, the item to be donated to charity is a rooster. In this case, the rooster would be swung overhead while still alive. After the kapparot ritual is concluded, the rooster would be treated as a normal kosher poultry product, i.e., it would be slaughtered according to the laws of... | Kapparot |
c_o9cx3ge3vyl5 | In modern times, this variant of the ritual is performed with a rooster for men and a hen for women. In this case, the prayer recited translates as: This is my exchange, this is my substitute, this is my atonement. This rooster (hen) will go to its death, while I will enter and proceed to a good long life and to peace. | Kapparot |
c_4ws6owt96aze | In one variant of the short octave system, the lowest note on the keyboard was nominally E, but the pitch to which it was tuned was actually C. Nominal F♯ was tuned to D, and nominal G♯ was tuned to E. Thus, in playing the keys: E F♯ G♯ F G A B Cthe player would hear the musical scale of C major in the bass: C D E F G ... | Broken octave |
c_aedvqf91tn0d | In one variant, an "open coach" has a central aisle; the car's interior is often filled with row upon row of seats as in a passenger airliner. Other arrangements of the "open" type are also found, including seats around tables, seats facing the aisle (often found on mass transit trains since they increase standing room... | Passenger coaches |
c_2eahg7k4is43 | In one variation called the Darapsky degradation, or Darapsky synthesis, a Curtius rearrangement takes place as one of the steps in the conversion of an α-cyanoester to an amino acid. Hydrazine is used to convert the ester to an acylhydrazine, which is reacted with nitrous acid to give the acyl azide. Heating the azide... | Curtius rearrangement |
c_tvqidnl3siid | In one variation of "The floor is lava", the players must avoid stepping on the floor by staying on raised platforms, while "it" (sometimes referred to as the "Lava Monster") can walk across the floor and attempt to tag other players. | Chain tag |
c_ems930i4gqda | In one variation of monadic second-order graph logic known as MSO1, the graph is described by a set of vertices and a binary adjacency relation adj ( . , . ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {adj} (.,.)} | Courcelle's theorem |
c_398vcs8meyvv | , and the restriction to monadic logic means that the graph property in question may be defined in terms of sets of vertices of the given graph, but not in terms of sets of edges, or sets of tuples of vertices. As an example, the property of a graph being colorable with three colors (represented by three sets of vertic... | Courcelle's theorem |
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