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c_r2z8l07vtbgh | ISBN 0-7619-6018-X Holborrow, Marnie (1993) Review Article: linguistic Imperialism. ELT Journal 47/4 pp. 358–360. | English-medium education |
c_kl7yayi9zcz8 | Holliday, Adrian (2005), Struggle to Teach English as an International Language , Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-442184-8 Kontra, Miklos, Robert Phillipson, Tove Skutnabb-Kangas & Tibor Varady (1999), Language: A Right and a Resource, Central European University Press. ISBN 963-9116-64-5 Kramsch, Klaire and Patric... | English-medium education |
c_ejntk52psjuq | ELT Journal 50/3 pp. 199–212. Malik, S.A. | English-medium education |
c_zmpd1hgr3pyx | Primary Stage English (1993). Lahore: Tario Brothers. Pennycook, Alastair (1995), The Cultural Politics of English as an International Language, Longman. | English-medium education |
c_51ynwml1eozf | ISBN 0-582-23473-5 Pennycook, Alastair (1998), English and the Discourses of Colonialism, Routledge. ISBN 0-415-17848-7 Pennycook, Alastair (2001), Critical Applied Linguistics, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-8058-3792-2 Pennycook, Alastair (2007) Global Englishes and Transcultural Flows. | English-medium education |
c_vlawnwh85dz5 | Routledge. ISBN 0-415-37497-9 Phillipson, Robert (1992), Linguistic Imperialism, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-437146-8 Phillipson, Robert (2000), Rights to Language, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. | English-medium education |
c_k0rbj0qig2ab | ISBN 0-8058-3835-X Phillipson, Robert (2003) English-Only Europe? Routledge. ISBN 0-415-28807-X Piller, Ingrid (2016), Linguistic Diversity and Social Justice. | English-medium education |
c_ynddibye90kh | Oxford University Press. Punjab Text Book Board (1997) My English Book Step IV. Lahore: Metro Printers. | English-medium education |
c_50vl75bim0bu | Rajagopalan, Kanavilli (1999) Of EFL Teachers, Conscience and Cowardice. ELT Journal 53/3 200–206. Ramanathan, Vaidehi (2005) The English-Vernacular Divide. | English-medium education |
c_dwpgqhds5jnu | Multilingual Matters. ISBN 1-85359-769-4 Rahman, Tariq (1996) Language and Politics in Pakistan Karachi: Oxford University Press Ricento, Thomas (2000) Ideology, Politics, and Language Policies. John Benjamins. | English-medium education |
c_1wv8wmtcm12b | ISBN 1-55619-670-9 Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Robert Phillipson ; Mart Rannut (1995), Linguistic Human Rights, Mouton De Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-014878-1 Sonntag, Selma K. (2003) The Local Politics of Global English. | English-medium education |
c_p2qphj0teb1b | Lexington Books. ISBN 0-7391-0598-1 Spichtinger, Daniel (2000) The Spread of English and its Appropriation. University of Vienna, Vienna. | English-medium education |
c_75p0i2ib6ubn | Tsui, Amy B.M. & James W. Tollefson (in press) Language Policy, Culture, and Identity in Asian Contexts. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. | English-medium education |
c_7m9u5zqhz7a4 | ISBN 0-8058-5694-3 Widdowson, H.G. (1998a) EIL: squaring the Circles. A Reply. | English-medium education |
c_txp8q0xb1dkb | World Englishes 17/3 pp. 397–401. Widdowson, H.G. | English-medium education |
c_djoii3626l75 | (1998b) The Theory and Practice of Critical Discourse Analysis. Applied Linguistics 19/1 pp. 136–151. | English-medium education |
c_xx8p2z66voxu | Global cultural flow involves the flow of people, artifacts, and ideas across national boundaries as result of globalization. : 296 Global cultural flows can be observed in five interdependent 'Landscapes', or dimensions, that distinguish the fundamental disjunctures between economy, culture, and politics in the global... | Global cultural flows |
c_m9b00ao8oh4h | The concept of global cultural flows was introduced by anthropologist Arjun Appadurai in his essay "Disjuncture and difference in the global cultural economy" (1990), in which he argues that people ought to reconsider the Binary oppositions that were imposed through colonialism, such as those of ‘global’ vs. ‘local’, s... | Global cultural flows |
c_cao7g1f223zk | Subsequently, these people reproduce their ethnic culture, but in a deterritorialized context.Appadurai claims that global flows occur in and through the growing disjunctures between the scapes. The Olympic Games, for instance, organize financescapes (regional, national, and international business networks come in to i... | Global cultural flows |
c_i4eyqfknc2o2 | The ethnoscape refers to human migration, the flow of people across boundaries. This includes migrants, refugees, exiles, and tourists, among other moving individuals and groups, all of whom appear to affect the politics of (and between) nations to a considerable degree. : 297 Ethnoscapes allow for one to recognize tha... | Global cultural flows |
c_dufkybjcj161 | : 297 Appadurai claims that this is not to say there are no relatively stable communities and networks of kinship, friendship, work, and leisure, as well as of birth, residence, and other filial forms. Rather, it highlights that the shape of these stabilities is warped by human motion, as more people deal with the real... | Global cultural flows |
c_k0gjasvc9nge | The technoscape is the flow of technology (mechanical and informational) and the ability to move such technology at rapid speeds. : 97 The flow of technology especially increases as the pace of technological innovation increases.Accordingly, the introduction of new technology (e.g., the Internet) increases cultural int... | Global cultural flows |
c_crxr1yvsabd8 | Financescape refers to the flow of money and global business networks across borders. Appadurai poses that when considering the financescape framework, one must consider how global capital today moves in an increasingly fluid and non-isomorphic manner, thus contributing to an overall unpredictability of all the five as... | Global cultural flows |
c_a44v9rj4zppy | The mediascape refers to the scope of electronic and print media in global cultural flows; it refers both to the distribution of the electronic capabilities to produce and disseminate information (newspapers, Magazines, television, Films, etc.), as well as to "the images of the world created by these media." Such media... | Global cultural flows |
c_u7v3yn1w4qw9 | The corporation is the U.S. owner of the federal trademark for use of that mark in relation to multimedia products in commerce. The term mediascape may also describe visual culture. | Global cultural flows |
c_0q9dcugysfk9 | For example, "the American mediascape is becoming increasingly partisan" or simply to denote "what's on" as in "a quick survey of the British mediascape shows how much Channel 4 has lost its way". It is also used as a generic term to describe a digital media artifact where items of digital media are associated with reg... | Global cultural flows |
c_84bj2y58pbxr | The ideoscape is the flow of ideas and ideologies, and is composed of concepts, terms, and images. This movement of ideas can take place on a small-scale, such as an individual sharing their personal views on Twitter, or it can take place on a larger and more systematic level (such as missionaries).The ideoscape is oft... | Global cultural flows |
c_ht95ngqpujca | The mental lexicon is defined as a mental dictionary that contains information regarding the word store of a language user, such as their meanings, pronunciations, and syntactic characteristics. The mental lexicon is used in linguistics and psycholinguistics to refer to individual speakers' lexical, or word, representa... | Mental lexicon |
c_5tstxscnwwwy | An individual's mental lexicon changes and grows as new words are learned and is always developing, but there are several competing theories seeking to explain exactly how this occurs. Some theories about the mental lexicon include the spectrum theory, the dual-coding theory, Chomsky's nativist theory, as well as the s... | Mental lexicon |
c_va3kff8qneqk | The following article addresses some of the physiological, social, and linguistic aspects of the mental lexicon. Recent studies have also shown the possibility that the mental lexicon can shrink as an individual ages, limiting the number of words they can remember and learn. The development of a second mental lexicon (... | Mental lexicon |
c_xrx2skj8vbox | Although the mental lexicon is often called a mental "dictionary", in actuality, research suggests that it differs greatly from a dictionary. For example, the mental lexicon is not organized alphabetically like a dictionary; rather, it seems to be organized by links between phonologically and semantically related lexic... | Mental lexicon |
c_hxuiz8lamxy8 | The active nature of the mental lexicon makes any dictionary comparison unhelpful. Research is continuing to identify the exact way that words are linked and accessed. A common method to analyze these connections is through a lexical decision task, in which participants are required to respond as quickly and accurately... | Mental lexicon |
c_ibmbftc0nkv5 | In the sample model of the mental lexicon pictured to the right, the mental lexicon is split into three parts under a hierarchical structure: the concept network (semantics), which is ranked above the lemma network (morphosyntax), which in turn is ranked above the phonological network. Working in tandem with the mental... | Mental lexicon |
c_2j3a35s9c27y | One theory about the mental lexicon states that it organizes our knowledge about words "in some sort of dictionary." Another states that the mental lexicon is "a collection of highly complex neural circuits". The latter, semantic network theory, proposes the idea of spreading activation, which is a hypothetical mental ... | Mental lexicon |
c_xifq78aoq89d | Interchangeable with the word "activation" in many cases, priming refers to the ability to have related words assist in the reaction times of others. In the example above, the word bread "primed" butter to be retrieved faster. Neighborhood effects refer to the activation of all similar "neighbors" of a target word. | Mental lexicon |
c_wn4gxz393rcd | Neighbors are defined as items that are highly confusable with the target word due to overlapping features of other words. An example of this would be that the word "game" has the neighbors "came, dame, fame, lame, name, same, tame, gale, gape, gate, and gave," giving it a neighborhood size of 11 because 11 new words c... | Mental lexicon |
c_j2ywww26nazd | Frequency effects suggest that words that are frequent in an individual's language are recognized faster than words that are infrequent. Forster and Chambers, 1973, found that high frequency words were named faster than low frequency ones, and Whaley, 1978 found that high frequency words were responded to faster than l... | Mental lexicon |
c_lgw8wi9ry3qp | The middle of the spectrum contains the theories that "suggest that related senses share a general or core semantic representation". The "dual coding theory (DCT)" contrasts multiple and common coding theories. DCT is "an internalized nonverbal system that directly represents the perceptual properties and affordances o... | Mental lexicon |
c_sin8twnjb768 | Not all linguists and psychologists support the mental lexicon's existence and there is much controversy over the concept. In a 2009 article, Jeffrey Elman proposes that the mental lexicon does not exist at all. Elman suggests that because context, both linguistic and nonlinguistic, is fundamentally inseparable from la... | Mental lexicon |
c_tqwisp610h27 | One aspect of research on the development of the mental lexicon has focused on vocabulary growth. Converging research suggests that at least English-speaking children learn several words a day throughout development. The figure on the right illustrates the growth curve of a typical English-speaking child's vocabulary s... | Mental lexicon |
c_glkt0i9y8935 | This allows the child to quickly hypothesize about the meaning of a word. Research suggests that, despite the fast mapping hypothesis, words are not just learned as soon as we are exposed to them, each word needs some type of activation and/or acknowledgement before it is permanently and effectively stored. For young c... | Mental lexicon |
c_l7vetsqxix4a | As a child acquires their vocabulary, two separate aspects of the mental lexicon develop, named the lexeme and the lemma. The lexeme is defined as the part of the mental lexicon that stores morphological and formal information about a word, such as the different versions of spelling and pronunciation of the word. The l... | Mental lexicon |
c_vfbxts2wclkh | The development of the mental lexicon in bilingual children has increased in research over recent years, and has shown many complexities including the notion that bilingual speakers contain additional and separate mental lexicons for their other languages. Selecting between two or more different lexicons has shown to h... | Mental lexicon |
c_patu1zkd2e4l | Studies have shown that the temporal and parietal lobes in the left hemisphere are particularly relevant for the processing of lexical items.The following are some hypotheses pertaining to semantic comprehension in the brain: Organized Unitary Content Hypothesis (OUCH): this hypothesis posits that lexical items that co... | Mental lexicon |
c_h9mjog0gc9yw | Anomic aphasia, aphasia (expressive + receptive aphasia) and Alzheimer's disease can all affect recalling or retrieving words. Anomia renders a person completely unable to name familiar objects, places and people; sufferers of anomia have difficulties recalling words. Anomia is a lesser level of dysfunction, a severe f... | Mental lexicon |
c_a9usf7rghwwy | Expressive aphasia limits the ability to convey thoughts through the use of speech, language or writing. Receptive aphasia affects a person's ability to comprehend spoken words, causing disordered sentences that have little or no meaning and which can include addition of nonce words.Harry Whitaker states that Alzheimer... | Mental lexicon |
c_jg18ebc1g18n | Patients have difficulty generating names, especially with phonological tasks such as words starting with a certain letter. They also have word-retrieval difficulties in spontaneous speech but still have relatively preserved naming of presented stimuli. Later, loss of naming of low-frequency lexical items occurs. Event... | Mental lexicon |
c_zmdhfh2v1eph | A 2006 study published in PNAS concludes, based on fMRI data showing activation of different parts of the brain for nouns and verbs, that different syntactic categories are stored separately in the mental lexicon. This study found that both nouns and verbs are primarily processed in the left brain, but with nouns more ... | Mental lexicon |
c_k686dfsfvud2 | Not all researchers of the mental lexicon agree that syntax forms a component thereof: Michael T. Ullman proposes in his declarative/procedural model of language that the mental grammar is a distinct entity from the mental lexicon, and that it is the mental grammar, rather than any part of the lexicon, which encodes an... | Mental lexicon |
c_71bjynxot2h6 | Furthermore, Ullman posits that whereas phonology, orthography, and semantics, as well as syntax, are largely confined to their respective memory systems, morphology overlaps between both declarative and procedural memory systems — for example, in regular affixation, the morphological component would be procedural, but... | Mental lexicon |
c_0qvsdf2v3s4u | Another 2015 study, which sought to ensure an implicit acquisition environment by framing the experiment to participants as being about scrambled sentences rather than L2 acquisition, also observed declarative memory being used in the earliest stages of syntax acquisition, and found that testing participants' initial a... | Mental lexicon |
c_ubyx24zxa521 | As research on the mental lexicon continues to expand into our modern world of abbreviations, researchers have begun to question whether the mental lexicon has the capacity to store acronyms as well as words. Using a lexical decision task with acronyms as priming words, researchers from Ghent University in 2009 saw tha... | Mental lexicon |
c_ill4fwiqy0ov | The majority of current research focuses on the acquisition and functioning of the mental lexicon, without much focus on what happens to the mental lexicon over time. There are current debates surrounding the possibility of mental lexicon shrinkage; some suggest that as individuals age, they become less capable of stor... | Mental lexicon |
c_fu8qz0s7ycf6 | This study discussed currently related findings in the literature (as of 2010), Identifying that AA's rate of lexical decline was a midpoint in the range of an identified decline rate of 0.2-1.4% per year. These discussions of the literature suggested that age 70 is a critical age, during which decline rates remain sta... | Mental lexicon |
c_77va477a8ys8 | Her scorings indicated mild to moderate dementia, however the scores relating to language indicated that her language functions were not impaired.In contrast, another study argues that the recorded decline in cognitive performance and mental lexicon, is rather an outcome of overestimating the evidence in support of cog... | Mental lexicon |
c_p9s30hdv0cdj | They found that when the effects of learning upon performance are controlled as variables, there is very little variance remaining that can be interpreted as cognitive decline, and that these changes in performance are better accounted for by learning models. Upon the introduction of a more accurate model of learning, ... | Mental lexicon |
c_qorenajrswwu | The Office of Health Economics (OHE) is a research and consultancy company and registered charity based in London. | The Office of Health Economics |
c_h1nu6f01zj10 | The OHE was founded in 1962, making it one of the oldest institutions in the field of health economics. It was established by the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry to: commission and undertake research on the economics of health and health care, collect and analyse health and health care data for the U... | The Office of Health Economics |
c_6s067v5535sr | The OHE conducts work for clients across different sectors, including the UK's Department of Health. == References == | The Office of Health Economics |
c_0w74weejnwj9 | A reference scenario is an imagined situation where a library patron brings a question to a librarian and there is then a conversation, called in the field a reference interview, where the librarian works to help the patron find the information they want. These scenarios are used in training future librarians how to he... | Reference scenario |
c_bz3q81fn5fe4 | This focuses the student on learning about the reference sources at hand by using them to answer those questions. Scenarios are something different. They focus the student on the interaction with patrons. | Reference scenario |
c_yukj2m3xcusj | In class practice sessions, one student can be the patron and the other the librarian, as long as the one practicing as the librarian doesn't know the whole scenario in advance. Scenarios are valued because often the question asked is not the end of the patron's information hunt, but the start. Patrons often start by v... | Reference scenario |
c_9l7ixrde4iir | Or they pose a question that the librarian doesn't understand. Reference librarian skills are very much about mediating a gap between what the patron wants and what the library can provide. This can involve the librarian making him or herself a partner in the patron's search, teaching them what the library really has t... | Reference scenario |
c_wcws0z9vtwdg | The law of one price (LOOP) states that in the absence of trade frictions (such as transport costs and tariffs), and under conditions of free competition and price flexibility (where no individual sellers or buyers have power to manipulate prices and prices can freely adjust), identical goods sold in different location... | Law of one price |
c_2opwtm9kkuhw | The intuition behind the law of one price is based on the assumption that differences between prices are eliminated by market participants taking advantage of arbitrage opportunities. | Law of one price |
c_8zrtbsjkzj9o | Assume different prices for a single identical good in two locations, no transport costs, and no economic barriers between the two locations. Arbitrage by both buyers and sellers can then operate: buyers from the expensive area can buy in the cheap area, and sellers in the cheap area can sell in the expensive area. Bot... | Law of one price |
c_fpzcj9sxxwni | Commodities can be traded on financial markets, where there will be a single offer price (asking price), and bid price. Although there is a small spread between these two values the law of one price applies (to each). No trader will sell the commodity at a lower price than the market maker's bid-level or buy at a highe... | Law of one price |
c_e0qsfjvr0bco | In the derivatives market the law applies to financial instruments which appear different, but which resolve to the same set of cash flows; see Rational pricing. Thus:A security must have a single price, no matter how that security is created. For example, if an option can be created using two different sets of underly... | Law of one price |
c_j45lc4gu720i | The law does not apply intertemporally, so prices for the same item can be different at different times in one market. The application of the law to financial markets is obscured by the fact that the market maker's prices are continually moving in liquid markets. However, at the moment each trade is executed, the law i... | Law of one price |
c_p48jtn05uwg3 | The law also need not apply if buyers have less than perfect information about where to find the lowest price. In this case, sellers face a tradeoff between the frequency and the profitability of their sales. That is, firms may be indifferent between posting a high price (thus selling infrequently, because most consume... | Law of one price |
c_sj5kk0xih3h6 | The Balassa–Samuelson effect argues that the law of one price is not applicable to all goods internationally, because some goods are not tradable. It argues that the consumption may be cheaper in some countries than others, because nontradables (especially land and labor) are cheaper in less-developed countries. This c... | Law of one price |
c_jdldd58ua93e | absence of trade frictions free competition price flexibilityThe law of one price has been applied towards the analysis of many public events, such as: In 2015, An International Monetary Fund working paper found that the law of one price holds for most tradeable products in Brazil but does not apply in the same way to ... | Law of one price |
c_a5ybzv9duxi2 | After merging in 1907, holders of Royal Dutch Petroleum (traded in Amsterdam) and Shell Transport shares (traded in London) were entitled to 60% and 40% respectively of all future profits. Royal Dutch shares should therefore automatically have been priced at 50% more than Shell shares. However, they diverged from this ... | Law of one price |
c_si1l33blk6qs | This discrepancy disappeared with their final merger in 2005. In recent years the company has had two different shares, "A" and "B" shares. Although each carries the same rights to dividends etc, they usually trade at different prices. This can be explained by different tax treatments. | Law of one price |
c_ohao14njf8k4 | The Norwegian Media Authority (Norwegian: Medietilsynet) is a Norwegian government agency subordinate to the Ministry of Culture and Equality charged with various tasks relating to broadcasting, newspapers and films. It enforces rules on content, advertising and sponsorship for broadcast media, administers newspaper pr... | Norwegian Media Authority |
c_prvunh550qu3 | The authority's tasks include enforcing rules on content, advertising and sponsorship for broadcast media; handling license applications for local broadcast media handling applications for newspaper production grants for non-leading newspapers, minority language newspapers and Sami newspapers overseeing and intervening... | Norwegian Media Authority |
c_5lc2yiqkjmh6 | The agency was established 1 January 2005 by merging three government agencies: Norwegian Board of Film Classification (Statens filmtilsyn), which was in charge of rating movies. Norwegian Media Ownership Authority (Eierskapstilsynet), which oversaw media ownership. Mass Media Authority (Statens medieforvaltning, SMF),... | Norwegian Media Authority |
c_sz8mbb11g6rz | This was a program along with six other directorates and inspectorates which were move out of Oslo, which had been initialized by Victor Norman, Minister of Government Administration and Reform of the Conservative Party. It cost 729 million Norwegian krone (NOK) to move the seven agencies. An official report from 2009 ... | Norwegian Media Authority |
c_kfc0dpzqfg63 | No costs reductions had been made, there was no significant impact on the target area, and there was little impact on the communication between the agencies and the ministries. In a 2010 report, Professor Jarle Trondal concluded that none of the agencies had become more independent after the move, despite this being on... | Norwegian Media Authority |
c_q0isza8k4ue4 | As of 2004, it was no longer necessary to classify the films that should be seen by people 18 years of age or older. If a distributor decides to register a film without classification, the distributor of the film will be criminally liable if the film has content prohibited by Norwegian law. The prohibited contents in m... | Norwegian Media Authority |
c_1uih7vnwrb1x | BMC Veterinary Research is a peer-reviewed open access veterinary science and medical journal that launched in 2005 published by BioMed Central. Part of the BMC Series of journals, it has a broad scope covering all aspects of veterinary science and medicine, including the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatme... | BMC Veterinary Research |
c_te7n45k70i44 | The journal is abstracted and indexed by PubMed, MEDLINE, CAS, EMBASE, Scopus, Current Contents, CABI and Web of Science. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2-year impact factor was 2.6 in 2022. | BMC Veterinary Research |
c_muj1fff9xy8d | Rational fideism is the philosophical view that considers faith to be precursor for any reliable knowledge. Every paradigmatic system, whether one considers rationalism or empiricism, is based on axioms that are neither self-founding nor self-evident (see the Münchhausen trilemma), so it appeals to assumptions accepted... | Rational fideism |
c_27gi7qy0i2ll | "Rational fideism" has been defined variously. The following are some definitions. For Joseph Glanvill rational fideism is the view that "Faith, and faith alone, is the basis for our belief in our reason. We believe in our reason because we believe in God's veracity. | Rational fideism |
c_4s7hal1x5boj | We do not try to prove that God is truthful; we believe this. Thus, faith in God gives us faith in reason, which in turn "justifies" our belief that God is no deceiver. "Richard Popkin sees rational fideism as the opposite of "pure, blind, fideism".Similarly, Domenic Marbaniang sees rational fideism as "the view that t... | Rational fideism |
c_ou0q0p8n8rm3 | Observing that the way of both rationalism and empiricism towards the knowledge of ultimate or transcendent reality is bleak, he thinks that while fideism is the view that truth in religion rests solely on faith and not on a reasoning process, rational fideism "holds that truth in religion rests solely on faith; not bl... | Rational fideism |
c_9kptff8rlrsc | Brendan Sweetman notes a type of rational fideism as a view developed by some thinkers who hold that the pragmatic spiritual and moral success of believing in God on faith alone could be used as an "indirect argument for the truth of fideism." | Rational fideism |
c_ipdwecf5tues | Bard High School Early College (BHSEC) is a series of early college schools with multiple campuses in the United States, enrolling approximately 3,000 students across all campuses. The schools allow students to begin their college studies two years early, graduating with a Bard College Associate in Arts degree in addit... | Bard High School Early College |
c_n6wwnzuvl9cz | Teachers at the Bard High School Early Colleges are both certified public school teachers as well as experienced academic scholars, often holding terminal degrees in their areas of study. The first campus, Bard High School Early College Manhattan, opened in New York City in 2001 as a partnership between Bard College an... | Bard High School Early College |
c_4ttanbpkxm12 | BHSEC has a conventional admissions process. Applicants must maintain a B letter grade of 85 percent or higher in order to be considered. Bard has its own academic standards, and if a student meets them, they will be called to a one-on-one interview. | Bard High School Early College |
c_zb3x8fgo7vse | Founded in 2001 as a partnership of the New York City Department of Education and Bard College and funded in part by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Bard High School Early College Manhattan was the first public Bard Early College. However, the early college model and many of the teaching philosophies employed ac... | Bard High School Early College |
c_3wjevzr48b9m | degrees have been awarded across all BHSEC campuses. The schools boast a 98% high school graduation rate and a 95% A.A. degree attainment rate. | Bard High School Early College |
c_kg0ruocmc585 | Many graduates of BHSEC transfer their 60+ college credits to another college or university and finish their Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree in two more years; others opt to study for three or four years in their subsequent institutions. According to the National Student Clearinghouse, the six-year B.A. attainment rate ... | Bard High School Early College |
c_gjerethgnplh | In the BHSEC program, students spend what is traditionally ninth and tenth grade finishing the bulk of their high school work. Students are encouraged to take all required state testing by the end of 10th grade, when possible – in New York City, students take the five Regents exams required for the High School Regents ... | Bard High School Early College |
c_2xnl8w7tbx7f | The two years spent, in the college program, are denoted "Year 1" and "Year 2." As a college program, students may select their courses based primarily on their academic interests and preferences for certain professors; however, they must also meet the college program's core requirements. These requirements include fou... | Bard High School Early College |
c_crlufrvm844l | history course, one semester of a world history course, two semesters of literature, and two semesters of a foreign language (at least one at intermediate level) and three arts credits. Students may also create their own courses with the independent study program, provided that a faculty member is knowledgeable in the ... | Bard High School Early College |
c_ejqqqnxnwn6a | With permission from the dean, students may take more than 18 credits in a semester. Students can also transfer credits from other universities to meet their requirements for the college program. BHSEC's college program offers classes that are more specialized than in the high school program, such as linear algebra, re... | Bard High School Early College |
c_xqdml7snqxi3 | Across all of Bard College's campuses and programs, the school year begins with a week-long Writing and Thinking Workshop. Students spend each day engaging in critical reading, writing, and thinking exercises, which are employed in the classroom throughout the school year. It is an opportunity to introduce new students... | Bard High School Early College |
c_9xwv0tpwuf9y | Across disciplines, teaching at the Bard Early Colleges employs practices developed at the Bard Institute for Writing and Thinking to advance the philosophy that “Writing is both a record of completed thought and an exploratory process that supports teaching and learning across disciplines. At all levels writing allows... | Bard High School Early College |
c_010tqjs4kdxn | Bard High School Early College Bronx Bard High School Early College Manhattan Bard High School Early College Queens Bard High School Early College Newark Bard High School Early College Cleveland Bard High School Early College Cleveland East Bard High School Early College Baltimore Bard High School Early College DC | Bard High School Early College |
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