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c_hk6g7ncks8vj | This list has examples of suffix forms suitable for use in Australia with clear connotations of the class and type of road, recommended by Standards Australia. == References == | Street suffix |
c_yb2ubxfiscnn | Wallace v. Jaffree, 472 U.S. 38 (1985), was a United States Supreme Court case deciding on the issue of silent school prayer. | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_ola88b5mbyif | An Alabama law authorized teachers to set aside one minute at the start of each day for a moment for "meditation or voluntary prayer. "Ishmael Jaffree, an American citizen, was a resident of Mobile County, Alabama and a parent of three students who attended school in the Mobile County Public School System; two of the t... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_8cofvv43w3t5 | Jaffree sought a declaratory judgment and an injunction restraining the defendants from "maintaining or allowing the maintenance of regular religious prayer services or other forms of religious observances in the Mobile County Public Schools in violation of the First Amendment as made applicable to states by the Fourte... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_0d30zirgfibj | The second law (1981) added the option of voluntary prayer. The third law (1982) authorized teachers to recite a prayer with "willing students".Despite initially granting a preliminary injunction, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Alabama ultimately allowed the practice, found in favor of the defenda... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_m5cwxw82th8w | The Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that the Alabama laws from 1981 and 1982 violated the US Constitution, but it upheld the law from 1978 that enabled a minute of silence for meditation in public schools of Alabama. Justice John Paul Stevens wrote the majority opinion and was joined by Justices William J. Brennan, Jr., Thurgo... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_3wmfaciysyr1 | Rehnquist asserted that the Court's reasoning was flawed inasmuch as it was based on the writings of Thomas Jefferson, who was not the author of the Establishment Clause. The Court first noted that "the proposition that the several States have no greater power to restrain the individual freedoms protected by the First ... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_k0yqzreev3c9 | The Court further held in Jaffree that "the First Amendment requires that a statute must be invalidated if it is entirely motivated by a purpose to advance religion." The record in the case shows that the Alabama law "was not motivated by any clearly secular purpose" but also that "indeed, the statute had no secular pu... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_4pv8yff4orh9 | In his dissent to the US Supreme Court case, Wallace v. Jaffree, Chief Justice Burger expressed several reasons for his opinion that the Court decided incorrectly. He began by pointing out that the statute authorizing a moment of silence at the beginning of a school day, which mentioned the word "prayer," did not uncon... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_pij14zsnycpf | Thus, the endorsement of a "moment of silence" with an oblique suggestion of prayer is no less constitutional as is the opening of Congress or a court session with a prayer by a publicly-funded chaplain. In his next point, Burger emphasized the tenuousness of the Court's peripheral reasoning by specifically including t... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_a14wwzghbc5v | Firstly, he mentioned that those statements were made by the sponsor after the legislature's vote on the bill and that the legislature did not in all likelihood know any portion of his views enough to claim his motives to be those of the entire legislature. He also brought attention to the fact that the same legislator... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_q2eeqwqlrufr | Next, Burger discussed the differences between the debated statute and its predecessor by bringing up the Court's opinion that the inclusion of the phrase "or voluntary prayer" endorsed and promoted religion. He stated that the Court's reasoning relied upon the removal of the phrase from its context. He compared that a... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_fx7mj6n549ua | He suggested that when taken in context, the phrase "or voluntary prayer" was perfectly constitutional as a measure to prevent the unconstitutional prohibition of individual prayer. Burger, in his third point, called out the Court's use of the "Lemon Test as an indolent attempt to apply a test that was "one size fits a... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_k08bv0uyd41l | Justice Rehnquist's dissenting opinion relied heavily upon pointing out the faults behind the common misunderstanding of Thomas Jefferson's statements about the "wall of separation of church and state" in his letter to the Danbury Baptist Association. Rehnquist began by explaining that the Establishment Clause has been... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_lz9f8t6raux7 | Justice Rehnquist suggested instead to turn to the actions of the Congress and James Madison's significant role in it for insight into the original intent of the Establishment Clause. He continued by referencing the debates of the colonies' ratification conventions. He pointed out the fact that the states frequently op... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_7j5s9hnsvev2 | Those who upon that basis opposed ratification thought that the government, without such an enumeration of rights, had a great potential to follow the authoritarian path that they wished to avoid. To solve the impasse, Madison urged Congress to consider his draft of amendments. After some time of debate and revision, a... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_394mwe4ngp2z | That version was met with opposition by many representatives as it could be construed "to abolish religion altogether" or "to be taken in such latitude as to be extremely hurtful to the cause of religion." It was on that basis that the final version of the amendment was selected and ratified. | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_sy3u4hufh74f | Thus, Rehnquist stated that it is indisputable that the spirit in which the Congress approved the Establishment Clause was one of open-minded toleration, not hostility towards religion. He then brings up Thomas Jefferson's reasoning for not issuing a Thanksgiving Proclamation. Jefferson said that partaking in prayer an... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_iwefik6y9tnu | Rehnquist maintained that the meaning of the Establishment Clause was a preventative measure to keep the government from establishing a religion, not to prevent the individual freedom to follow one's own beliefs. In his conclusion, Rehnquist denounced the Lemon Test as "having no more grounding in the First Amendment t... | Wallace v. Jaffree |
c_af87jt4y2p8c | An important part of the heritage of family resilience is the concept of individual psychological resilience which originates from work with children focusing on what helped them become resilient in the face of adversity. Individual resilience emerged primarily in the field of developmental psychopathology as scholars ... | Family resilience |
c_16rmsy2tteur | The term resilience gradually changed definitions and meanings, from a personality trait to a dynamic process of families, individuals, and communities.Family resilience emerged as scholars incorporated together ideas from general systems theory perspectives on families, family stress theory, and psychological resilien... | Family resilience |
c_9o4451cp8qs0 | One of the common factors associated with successful adaptation and coping is identified as resilience of individual family members. Resilience can be generally defined as the ability to "bounce back" to healthy functioning when faced with significant stressors and events. The concept of resilience has been heavily res... | Family resilience |
c_7qdz7bw3wf99 | Currently, researchers are focused on specific interventions to increase resilience in the family unit, while considering related genetic and environmental factors.There are diverse definitions of what resilience and/or family resilience is. The National Network for Family Resiliency defines resilience as "the family's... | Family resilience |
c_uzlaqt2nji8y | For family resilience specifically, McCubbin & McCubbin have posited that "family resilience includes the characteristics, dimensions, and properties of families which help families to be resilient to disruption in the face of change and adaptive in the face of crisis situations".Using a combination of the above work, ... | Family resilience |
c_2j1660epomep | Resilience and family resilience have been studied in the context of various theoretical underpinnings. These include Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory, Lazarus' Stress Theory, Froma Walsh's Family Resilience Framework, and McCubbin and Patterson's Family Stress and Resilience Model. The family stress theory originates fr... | Family resilience |
c_465pzg9p51vz | Henry, Morris, & Harrist proposed the overarching Family Resilience Model (FRM) as a general model of family resilience within which existing models fit as ways of looking at family resilience. Based on a review of existing individual and family resilience scholarship, these authors developed the FRM to include key ide... | Family resilience |
c_7bhug1omtobi | However, significant risk, protection, vulnerability, and outcomes (or adaptation) occur within the context of family meanings, family adaptive systems (emotional systems, control systems, identity systems, maintenance systems, stress-response systems) in the particular family, and broader ecosystems.Resilience as a co... | Family resilience |
c_q1pjtcu90w6q | The concept of resilience is attractive to many different health related fields because of all that remains unknown about the process, as well as the potential for reducing or preventing adverse outcomes due to significant experiences with adversity. Once thought of as simply a personality trait, resilience has become ... | Family resilience |
c_0sly8pq4pydy | Family and individual resilience factors are not always the same. Family factors consist of stress management, emotion regulation skills, collaborative goal setting and problem solving. In contrast, individual factors that foster resilience include flexibility, use of social support, rebounding, high expectations, humo... | Family resilience |
c_lqc4t9q9fooh | According to Henry et al. when examining family resilience is critical to be aware of some key issues: (a) significant risk must be present for resilience to occur, (b) other vulnerabilities (e.g., chronic illness, addiction, poor conflict management or communication beyond the focal risk may "pile-up" to present addit... | Family resilience |
c_p96mkb30qzpa | The problem with a nebulous definition of family resilience is that it is difficult to measure without a concrete definition. Specific measurement tools of resilience include the Family Strengths and Resilience Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Resilience Scale and other self-report measures such as Brief Sy... | Family resilience |
c_h6nkq9qkk0ih | Protective factors that can be quantitatively measured include: celebrations, hardiness, time together, routines, traditions, communication, financial management, and health. These factors have been most important when starting to understand the protective factors of resilience, versus the recovery factors, which are e... | Family resilience |
c_n2r1ceu6xy61 | Recovery factors include: coping, social support, family support, esteem building, optimism, recreation, control, organization, flexibility, and hope. These factors are dependent upon the type of family that utilizes them and the need for certain factors depending upon the type of stressor (e.g. normative or non-normat... | Family resilience |
c_yjygggfkvjdb | Professionals who work with families may employ a variety of educational, therapeutic, or community-based approaches to helping protect families against adversity or facilitate the abilities of families to mobilize their strengths or gain new resources to successfully rebound from adversity (i.e., demonstrate resilienc... | Family resilience |
c_8uxvrxoah7sl | People with disabilities may encounter societal, medical, environmental, physical, and attitudinal barriers. These barriers can have the ability to put these individuals and their families in the face of adversity. Family functioning is also key in identifying basic elements in resilience, including such processes as c... | Family resilience |
c_828bebqd4trz | In addition, in order for families to frame the stress and uncertainty of having a child with a disability as a challenge that provides opportunities for finding resilience and meaning finding the right resources and professionals is essential. When a family who is facing adversity is surrounded by a community who lack... | Family resilience |
c_pfsdaqf2z5cc | Recent literature has focused on identifying healthy coping and adaptation in military families. With the current wars across the world, more military members are being deployed and are struggling with various issues such as: mental illness, substance abuse, difficulty with transitions, changes in roles, and ensuring t... | Family resilience |
c_v8qytawxnm4n | The Department of Defense has collaborated with positive psychology scientists to create the Comprehensive Soldier Fitness program for members of the Army. More recently, the Family Skills Component of this program has been released for use by family members in the military. New military, government, and public health ... | Family resilience |
c_15c02le9ekwc | Initial results from pilot studies show that those who are resilient can better cope with stressors and are less likely to suffer from depression or alcohol use.The Comprehensive Soldier Fitness program in the U.S. Army is the first of its kind. With input from the positive psychology field, a program to increase the p... | Family resilience |
c_f03clu34yxlo | The Family Skills Component of this program is meant to assist military spouses and family members to also increase their levels of resilience. Additionally to this program, there is also a project called Families OverComing Under Stress (FOCUS). This project was created by a University of California, Los Angeles-Harva... | Family resilience |
c_wvisn96b8fjt | The program was created as a large-scale demonstration program for the US Marine Corps and US Navy. Essentially FOCUS was created to supply education and skills training designed to aid with coping and deployment-related experiences for military parents and children. Within this program family members of those in the m... | Family resilience |
c_bgzahi9mgg0p | This understanding is from each other aids in supporting the family resiliency processes. Results report an improved understanding of deployment and combat stress, improved family skills like communication, emotional regulation, family goal setting, and stress management. A 2012 American Journal of Public Health study ... | Family resilience |
c_suwsltfwsdra | Tall oil, also called liquid rosin or tallol, is a viscous yellow-black odorous liquid obtained as a by-product of the kraft process of wood pulp manufacture when pulping mainly coniferous trees. The name originated as an anglicization of the Swedish tallolja ('pine oil'). Tall oil is the third largest chemical by-prod... | Tall oil |
c_nr1fexrcbfzs | In the kraft process, high alkalinity and temperature convert the esters and carboxylic acids in rosin into soluble sodium soaps of lignin, rosin, and fatty acids. The spent cooking liquor is called weak black liquor and is about 15% dry content. The black liquor is concentrated in a multiple effect evaporator and afte... | Tall oil |
c_jbkxgr450jtp | Normally the soaps start to float in the storage tank for the weak or intermediate liquors and are skimmed off and collected. A good soap skimming operation reduces the soap content of the black liquor down to 0.2–0.4% w/w of the dry residue. The collected soap is called raw rosin soap or rosinate. | Tall oil |
c_w20og55i2h4k | The raw rosin soap is then allowed to settle or is centrifuged to release as much as possible of the entrained black liquor. The soap goes then to the acidulator where it is heated and acidified with sulfuric acid to produce crude tall oil (CTO).The soap skimming and acidulator operation can be improved by addition of ... | Tall oil |
c_rwhexir2pv5w | This makes the acidulator run smoother as well.Most pines give a soap yield of 5–25 kg/ton pulp, while Scots pine gives 20–50 kg/ton. Scots pine grown in northern Scandinavia give a yield of even more than 50 kg/ton. Globally about 2 mill ton/year of CTO are refined. | Tall oil |
c_ww9yw3yk2q7s | The composition of crude tall oil varies a great deal, depending on the type of wood used. A common quality measure for tall oil is acid number. With pure pines it is possible to have acid numbers in the range 160–165, while mills using a mix of softwoods and hardwoods might give acid numbers in the range of 125–135.No... | Tall oil |
c_l8dngf8prh2z | The tall oil rosin finds use as a component of adhesives, rubbers, and inks, and as an emulsifier. The pitch is used as a binder in cement, an adhesive, and an emulsifier for asphalt.TOFA is a low-cost and vegetarian lifestyle-friendly alternative to tallow fatty acids for production of soaps and lubricants. When ester... | Tall oil |
c_gtz9f76ee4ox | The International Hygiene Exhibition was a world's fair focusing on medicine and public health, held in Dresden, Germany, in 1911.The leading figure organizing the exhibition was German philanthropist and businessman Karl August Lingner, who had grown wealthy from his Odol mouthwash brand, and was enthusiastic to educa... | International Hygiene Exhibition |
c_96pgo7baxbr0 | Salt for Svanetia (Georgian: მარილი სვანეთს marili svanets; Russian: Соль Сванетии, romanized: Sol' Svanetii) is a 1930 Soviet-Georgian silent documentary film directed by Mikhail Kalatozov. As one of the earliest ethnographic films, it documents the life of the Svan people in the isolated mountain village of Ushguli i... | Salt for Svanetia |
c_8jz7w2pbwgss | Most of Salt for Svanetia describes and explores the daily life of the Svan people, who are living isolated from civilisation in a harsh natural environment in the mountainous region of Svanetia. The film starts with the Lenin quotation "Even now there are far reaches of the Soviet Union where the patriarchal way of li... | Salt for Svanetia |
c_bk8pmslumwg4 | These shots give some emphasis to tall towers (still visible in the 2006 photograph below). It explains that these have been constructed by villagers to serve as a defense against feudal overseers, and it shows how villagers have used them to fend off tax collectors by heaving rocks from the tower tops. This introducto... | Salt for Svanetia |
c_4izcz071huc6 | One sequence shows how sheep are raised, another how wool and yarn are produced, and another on how barley is threshed. These sequences powerfully convey the technological underdevelopment of the area. Wool spinning technique antedates the spinning wheel; barley is threshed by cattle dragging a stone studded platform, ... | Salt for Svanetia |
c_jf3py5sstymm | Another scene shows a suspension bridge and a man trying to cross over rushing water as his pack animals resist. A desperate harvest during an early July snowstorm is shown. Other scenes show how the Svan people tailor their clothes, make hats, cut their hair and bury their dead. | Salt for Svanetia |
c_rqig0bpq6vuv | The film then concentrates on the lack of salt supplies. Cut off from the outside world for most of the year, the village suffers from a shortage of salt. It is shown how this forces the animals to lick human sweat and urine. | Salt for Svanetia |
c_g0f9jyzp9zpf | A party of workers, returning from migratory labor farther down the valley, are shown bringing salt back to the village. Most of them die when they are crushed by an avalanche. The solution to the salt shortage is presented in the climax of the film where the young Soviet power builds a road that connects the isolated ... | Salt for Svanetia |
c_6ohg3d2meaef | Svanetia was an underdeveloped region, and thus Soviet planners tried to make it a showcase of Soviet modernization during the first five-year plan between 1928 and 1932. During this time roads were built, an air service was established and industries such as mining and lumbering were developed. It was against this bac... | Salt for Svanetia |
c_u6665kdtoplr | Tretyakov then wrote a script for Kalatozov, and shooting began in the mountain village Ushguli in Upper Svanetia. Originally the film was planned to be a fictional feature film, but ultimately Viktor Shklovsky edited the footage Kalatozov had shot in Svanetia into a documentary film. The authenticity of some scenes ha... | Salt for Svanetia |
c_hxmo5o5dg0js | After the film was finished it was criticized by Stalinist authorities as being unbalanced and unfair towards Svanetia. It was claimed that the director was too fascinated by the backwardness and superstition of Svanetia, and only superficially interested in socialist modernization. Kalatozov fell out of favor, culmina... | Salt for Svanetia |
c_aiqqjvixs2oq | In 2015 the Scottish klezmer band Moishe's Bagel created a CD soundtrack with the same name to accompany the film. | Salt for Svanetia |
c_iic2vvxjq924 | Lenperone (Elanone-V) is a typical antipsychotic of the butyrophenone chemical class. It was first reported as an anti-emetic in 1974, and its use in treatment of acute schizophrenia was reported in 1975. Related early antipsychotic agents include declenperone and milenperone. Lenperone was never approved by the FDA fo... | Lenperone |
c_x1t9y4qsyurk | The alkylation between 2-(3-chloropropyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane (1) and 4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)piperidine (2) gives 2-(p-fluorophenyl)-2-{3-propyl}-1,3-dioxolane, CID:20318874 (3). Deprotection of the ketal function completes the synthesis of lenperone (4). | Lenperone |
c_a46bg3bu73tu | The military–entertainment complex is the cooperation between militaries and entertainment industries to their mutual benefit, especially in such fields as cinema, multimedia, virtual reality, and multisensory extended reality.Though the term can be used to describe any military–entertainment complex in any nation, the... | Military–entertainment complex |
c_6k9nlmggxo7m | In Hollywood, many movie and television productions are, by choice, contractually supervised by the DoD Entertainment Media Unit within the Office of the Secretary of Defense at the Pentagon, and by the public affairs offices of the military services maintained solely for the American entertainment industry in Hollywoo... | Military–entertainment complex |
c_z55f56wy0h1y | The United States Office of War Information (OWI) had a unit exclusively dedicated to Hollywood called the Bureau of Motion Pictures. From 1942 to 1945, the OWI's Bureau of Motion Pictures reviewed 1,652 film scripts and revised or discarded any that portrayed the United States in a negative light, including material t... | Military–entertainment complex |
c_bj3wa5lb9kp3 | The CIA also altered the ending of the film so that the pigs, who represent communists, were overthrown by the other animals on the farm.The 1986 film Top Gun, produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer at Paramount Pictures, and with DoD assistance, aimed at rebranding the U.S. Navy's image in the post-Vietnam War ... | Military–entertainment complex |
c_4wdigt0pgki7 | However, claims enlistments spiked as high as 500% are a myth, and enlistments only rose by approximately 8% in 1986. By the end of the 1980s and early 1990s, Hollywood producers were stressing script writers to create military-related plots to gain production power from the U.S. military.Some American movies co-script... | Military–entertainment complex |
c_xjor3kj0btsx | Katy Perry's 2012 music video "Part of Me", in which she signs up to join the Marines, was shot at USMC Camp Pendleton in Oceanside, California, with the support of the Marines.On YouTube, a new music video genre appeared, the military music videos. Typically, these are video clips portraying singers in military equipm... | Military–entertainment complex |
c_17x13zztl1eg | In his book From Sun Tzu to Xbox, Ed Halter wrote "The technologies that shape our culture have always been pushed forward by war". Video games "were not created directly for military purposes, arose out of an intellectual environment whose existence was entirely predicated on defense research". The first known virtua... | Military–entertainment complex |
c_02p9k1krlho0 | Army and its sub-agencies played a major role in the development of digital computers. The DARPA, an agency of the DoD, contributed to the development of Advanced computing systems, computer graphics, the Internet, multiplayer networked systems, and the 3-D navigation of virtual environments.Arguably the first video ga... | Military–entertainment complex |
c_l3i7fjbum00u | Army's first video game created for training purposes, the board game Mech War, was implemented in the staff officer training curriculum in the 1970s at the Army War College. During the 1980s, Academic and military researchers led the development of distributed interactive simulations (DIS) that enable the creation of ... | Military–entertainment complex |
c_pnojzo8hkaom | Donn A. Starry, head of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), said in a conference in 1981: " learned to learn in a different world, ... a world of television, electronic toys and games, computers, and a host of other electronic devices. They belong to a TV and technology generation... how is ... | Military–entertainment complex |
c_imuh0qzs6nh2 | The U.S. military has provided $53 million in funding to professional sports organizations in exchange for pro-military messaging, such as a "salute" to active duty soldiers and war veterans. This practice is common in the NFL and NASCAR with the latter's "NASCAR Salutes" program running through the entirety of May. | Military–entertainment complex |
c_tfzchjj21kjy | Philip Meredith Strub was the head of the DoD's Film Liaison Unit from 1989 to 2018. Strub oversaw the creation of "Dara", a DoD database of all entertainment productions that had approached the department for assistance. Strub received his bachelor's degree in political science from Saint Louis University in Missouri ... | Military–entertainment complex |
c_6yb0wgx4jyqp | David Evans became head of the DoD's Film Liaison Unit after Strub's retirement in 2018. Evans spent 13 years as a public affairs specialist at the DoD and then spent four years working as Strub's deputy. Less is known about Evans than even Strub. Shortly after his appointment, his LinkedIn profile was deleted. | Military–entertainment complex |
c_zi7e7fezso34 | "More Product, Less Process: Revamping Traditional Archival Processing" is a 2005 archival science article written by Mark A. Greene and Dennis Meissner that first appeared in the Fall/Winter 2005 issue of The American Archivist. : 208 The paper argues that traditional archival processing is too slow, and advocates for... | More Product, Less Process |
c_sfue4ucm0ak3 | Greene and Meissner begin the article with a call to action, citing the British report Best Value and Local Authority Archives, which claims that archival cataloging, arrangement, and description are "not working" and that growing backlogs are "weakening the archival profession". : 208–9 The authors hypothesize that "p... | More Product, Less Process |
c_8bxhdufdo0no | : 209 Greene and Meissner discuss what they perceive to be problems with processing and cite a 1998 Association of Research Libraries (ARL) survey of special collections units which found that nearly a third of manuscript collections made up uncatalogued backlogs. : 210 The authors present a new set of guidelines for a... | More Product, Less Process |
c_laipc4a79e4c | The authors argue that arrangement at the item level is not necessary and instead emphasize the importance of creating finding aids for collections instead. : 214–20 The authors then discuss the rate at which archivists are able to process collections, citing a 1982 study by Karen Temple Lynch and Thomas E. Lynch that ... | More Product, Less Process |
c_pg8zjyezcyt5 | Recognizing that tradeoffs must be made, Greene and Meissner argue that some preservation concerns must be given up for the sake of providing effective access to users of collections. : 236–7 They then present their "principles for change" as recommendations for archivists: The Golden Minimum: to reach the processing r... | More Product, Less Process |
c_wwbljkpoax9l | : 245–6 Preservation: Modern climate controlled storage can be trusted to preserve materials following minimalist processing. : 251 Policies: “Unprocessed collections should be presumed open to researchers. Period.”: 252 Metrics: Consistency must be established at the most basic acceptable level among all aspects of ar... | More Product, Less Process |
c_flzre5xti3r6 | : 252 "More Product, Less Process" concludes that because greater funding and resources are not forthcoming, archivists must "change the way we process so that we can, with our existing resources, roughly triple the speed with which we process". : 254 The authors acknowledge the difficulty of their prospective changes,... | More Product, Less Process |
c_4h4a3l83fdck | The minimal processing approach advocated by "More Product, Less Process" has been implemented by many archives and libraries, including but not limited to the Library of Congress, the University of North Carolina's Wilson Library, and the Academic Health Center Archives at the University of Minnesota. Greene and Meiss... | More Product, Less Process |
c_n8ms0fvhstc7 | The article has also inspired the name of "More Podcast, Less Process", an archives-related podcast hosted by Jefferson Bailey of the Metropolitan New York Library Council and Joshua Ranger of AudioVisual Preservation Solutions.Prior to Mark Greene's death in 2017, the authors continued to expand their original thesis,... | More Product, Less Process |
c_q7bdxzh1l8qw | In Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc., 32 N.J. 358, 161 A.2d 69 (N.J. 1960), the New Jersey Supreme Court held that an automobile manufacturer's attempt to use an express warranty that disclaimed an implied warranty of merchantability was invalid. | Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc. |
c_d8dmujxe7a19 | On May 7, 1955, Mr. Claus H. Henningsen purchased a Plymouth automobile, manufactured by Chrysler Corporation, from Bloomfield Motors, Inc. The automobile was intended as a Mother's Day gift to his wife, Helen, and the purchase was executed solely by Mr. Henningsen. The contract for sale was a one-page form and contain... | Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc. |
c_j9g2yztnzaop | Its obligation under this warranty being limited to making good at its factory any part or parts thereof which shall, within ninety (90) days after delivery of such vehicle to the original purchaser or before such vehicle has been driven 4,000 miles, whichever event shall first occur, be returned to it with transportat... | Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc. |
c_6fcrrq4i4q66 | On that day, Mrs. Henningsen was driving the car at 20-22 mph on a smooth two lane highway. Mrs. Henningsen then heard a loud noise, the steering wheel spun in her hands, and the car suddenly veered and collided with a wall. The car was damaged severely, and declared totaled by the Henningsens' insurance carrier. The d... | Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc. |
c_kwhjcluqo5i5 | Mr. and Mrs. Henningsen sued under a theory of negligence and a theory of warranty. The court felt the proof was not sufficient to make out a prima facie case of negligence and gave the case to the jury solely on the warranty theory. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiffs, Mr. and Mrs. Henningsen, against both ... | Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc. |
c_u3bbmw0u2f8h | Automobile purchasers may recover for damages caused by defective parts under an implied warranty of merchantability since automobile manufacturers and dealers may not limit this warranty to replacement of only defective parts as this violates fair dealing and public policy. | Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc. |
c_sux62abloz0g | The court rejected Chrysler's argument that the law required privity of contract and therefore foreclosed consumers from seeking to hold liable automobile manufactures where a consumers had purchased the vehicle from an automobile retailer. The court explained that the common law rule requiring privity stemmed from the... | Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc. |
c_85yjwzm4beb3 | In the court's view, the manufacturer's advertisements of product suitability represented an implied warranty to consumers, and that warranty accompanied every car the manufacturer put into the stream of trade. The court then turned to the contract between Bloomfield Motors and Mr. Henningsen. The court reiterated that... | Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc. |
c_nw4bepzs3dg8 | While the state's Uniform Sales Act allowed for buyers and sellers to negotiate and vary the terms of a contract, that statutory allowance was in no way intended to permit seller abuse of disproportionate bargaining power to obtain from purchasers any waiver of the implied warranty of merchantability. Because Chrysler ... | Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc. |
c_lujc2uot0045 | Some law and economics scholars have criticized this result as it will ultimately raise prices as automobile manufacturers and dealers have to pay for implied warranty costs. This results in an economically inefficient transaction since not all consumers wanted this warranty, but now all consumers are forced to pay for... | Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc. |
c_1ji0elnnfs72 | In macroeconomics, particularly in the history of economic thought, the Treasury view is the assertion that fiscal policy has no effect on the total amount of economic activity and unemployment, even during times of economic recession. This view was most famously advanced in the 1930s (during the Great Depression) by t... | Treasury view |
c_epg0qfrwhnx7 | In his 1929 budget speech, Winston Churchill explained, "The orthodox Treasury view ... is that when the Government borrow in the money market it becomes a new competitor with industry and engrosses to itself resources which would otherwise have been employed by private enterprise, and in the process raises the rent of... | Treasury view |
c_dayjxrklk28z | In the late 1920s and early 1930s, during the height of the Great Depression, many economists (most prominently John Maynard Keynes) tried to persuade governments that increased government spending would mitigate the situation and reduce unemployment. In the United Kingdom, the staff of the Chancellor of the Exchequer,... | Treasury view |
c_fphjhypxjwan | This view can historically be traced back to various statements of Say's law. Keynes argued against this position, and particularly in The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, provided a theoretical foundation for how fiscal stimulus can increase economic activity during recessions.Opinions are currently s... | Treasury view |
c_y6z098h8blku | However, it is categorically rejected by Keynesian macroeconomics, which holds that economic activity depends on aggregate spending (at least in the short run). It is related to, and at times equated with, theories of Say's law, Ricardian equivalence, and the Policy Ineffectiveness Proposition. Noted macroeconomists su... | Treasury view |
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