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Cottontails, however, appeared to be selected as prey out of relation to their population status".Like most owls, the great horned owl makes great use of secrecy and stealth. Due to its natural-colored plumage, it is well camouflaged both while active at night and while roosting during the day. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_horned_owl |
During the daytime it roosts usually in large trees (including snags & large hollows but usually thick branches) but may occasionally be in crevices or small caves in rocks or in dense shrubbery. Pine and other coniferous trees may be preferred where available since they are particularly dense and provide cover throughout the year. Typically, males have a favorite roosting site not far from the nest, sometimes used over successive years. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_horned_owl |
While roosting, great horned owls may rest in the "tall-thin" position, where they sit as erect and hold themselves as slim as is possible. The kind of posture is well known as a further method of camouflage for other owls, like long-eared owls or great grey owls, especially if humans or other potential mammalian carnivores approach them. The Eurasian eagle owl rarely, if ever, assumes the tall-thin position.Outside of the nesting season, great horned owls may roost wherever their foraging path ends at dawn. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_horned_owl |
Generally great horned owls are active at night, although in some areas they may be active in the late afternoon or early morning. At dusk, the owl utters a few calls before flying to a more open sing-post, i.e. large bare branch or large rocks to deliver song. Normally several perches are used to mark occupied territory or to attract a female. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_horned_owl |
Despite its camouflage and cryptic locations, this species can still sometimes be spotted on its daytime roosts, especially by American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). Since owls are, next to red-tailed hawks, perhaps the main predator of crows and their young, crows sometimes congregate from considerable distances to mob owls and caw angrily at them for hours on end. When the owls try to fly off to avoid this harassment, they are often followed by the corvids. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_horned_owl |
In most auto racing leagues, cars are assigned numbers. The configuration of stock cars, however, makes the numbers much more prominent. (Aerodynamic open-wheel cars do not have nearly the amount of flat surface that a stock car has.) Numbers are often synonymous with the drivers that carry them. Dale Earnhardt Sr. is associated with the number 3 (although that number is actually associated more with its owner, Richard Childress, who has taken the number out of reserve for his grandson Austin Dillon, first in the Truck Series, then in the Nationwide Series, and finally in the Cup Series beginning in 2014), while Richard Petty is associated with number 43, Wood Brothers Racing with number 21, and Jeff Gordon with the number 24. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey_number |
In most bacteria the most numerous intracellular structure is the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis in all living organisms. All prokaryotes have 70S (where S=Svedberg units) ribosomes while eukaryotes contain larger 80S ribosomes in their cytosol. The 70S ribosome is made up of a 50S and 30S subunits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_wall |
The 50S subunit contains the 23S and 5S rRNA while the 30S subunit contains the 16S rRNA. These rRNA molecules differ in size in eukaryotes and are complexed with a large number of ribosomal proteins, the number and type of which can vary slightly between organisms. While the ribosome is the most commonly observed intracellular multiprotein complex in bacteria other large complexes do occur and can sometimes be seen using microscopy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_wall |
In most bacteria, regulation of nif genes transcription is done by the nitrogen sensitive NifA protein. When there isn't enough fixed nitrogen available for the organism's use, NtrC triggers NifA expression, and NifA activates the rest of the nif genes. If there is a sufficient amount of reduced nitrogen or oxygen is present, another protein is activated: NifL. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nif_gene |
NifL inhibits NifA activity resulting in the inhibition of nitrogenase formation. NifL is regulated by the products of glnD and glnK. The nif genes can be found on bacterial chromosomes, but in symbiotic bacteria they are often found on plasmids or symbiosis islands with other genes related to nitrogen fixation (such as the nod genes). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nif_gene |
In most basins, maximum sustained winds are used to define their category. In the Atlantic and northeast Pacific oceans, the Saffir–Simpson scale is used. This scale can be used to determine possible storm surge and damage impact on land. In most basins, the category of the tropical cyclone (for example, tropical depression, tropical storm, hurricane/typhoon, super typhoon, depression, deep depression, intense tropical cyclone) is determined from the cyclone's maximum sustained wind over 1 minute. Only in Australia is this quantity not used to define the tropical cyclone's category; in that basin, maximum sustained wind speed is measured over 10 minutes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_sustained_winds |
In most beer styles Brettanomyces is typically viewed as a contaminant and the characteristics it imparts are considered unwelcome "off-flavours". However, in certain styles, particularly certain traditional Belgian ales, it is appreciated and encouraged. Gueuze and other lambic beers owe their unique flavour profiles to Brettanomyces, as do wild yeast saison or farmhouse styles; and it is also found in Oud Bruin and Flanders red ale.In Orval Brettanomyces is added before the final bottle fermentation.Several American craft breweries intentionally use Brettanomyces in their beers. This use began with a renewed interest in Belgian style ales and later formed new styles altogether (Brewers Association, 2007 Great American Beer Festival Style Guidelines, section 13a, 16). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brettanomyces |
Some breweries use 100% Brettanomyces for the fermentation of some of their beers, and omit Saccharomyces from the recipe. Some American brewers that use Brettanomyces may also include lactic acid producing bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in order to provide sourness to the beer. While Brett is sometimes pitched into the fermenter, aging in wood barrels previously inoculated with Brettanomyces is another method used to impart the complexity contributed by these strains of yeast. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brettanomyces |
In most binary systems, alloying above a concentration given by the phase diagram will cause the formation of a second phase. A second phase can also be created by mechanical or thermal treatments. The particles that compose the second phase precipitates act as pinning points in a similar manner to solutes, though the particles are not necessarily single atoms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strengthening_mechanisms_of_materials |
The dislocations in a material can interact with the precipitate atoms in one of two ways (see Figure 2). If the precipitate atoms are small, the dislocations would cut through them. As a result, new surfaces (b in Figure 2) of the particle would get exposed to the matrix and the particle-matrix interfacial energy would increase. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strengthening_mechanisms_of_materials |
For larger precipitate particles, looping or bowing of the dislocations would occur and result in dislocations getting longer. Hence, at a critical radius of about 5 nm, dislocations will preferably cut across the obstacle, while for a radius of 30 nm, the dislocations will readily bow or loop to overcome the obstacle. The mathematical descriptions are as follows: For particle bowing- Δ τ = G b L − 2 r {\displaystyle \Delta \tau ={Gb \over L-2r}} For particle cutting- Δ τ = γ π r b L {\displaystyle \Delta \tau ={\gamma \pi r \over bL}} | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strengthening_mechanisms_of_materials |
In most biological nomenclature, a scale (Ancient Greek: λεπίς, romanized: lepís; Latin: squāma) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection. In lepidopteran (butterfly and moth) species, scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing, and provide coloration. Scales are quite common and have evolved multiple times through convergent evolution, with varying structure and function. Scales are generally classified as part of an organism's integumentary system. There are various types of scales according to shape and to class of animal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(anatomy) |
In most biomes, the only form of primary production is photosynthesis. In other words, all new biomass can be traced back to photosynthetic plants and algae by a chain of predation. Therefore, one can predict the yield of one organism in an ecosystem as a function of the yield of its primary producers. When the biomass from prey is converted into biomass in its predator, some losses occur due to biological and thermodynamic inefficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_yield |
The conversion rate is typically about 10%. In other words, 100 kg of plant matter may be converted into 10 kg of herbivores, which then may be converted to 1 kg of carnivores who exclusively eat herbivores. One can compute the trophic level of an organism as the weighted average of length of the predation chain from the organism to a primary producer. This trophic level determines an exponential multiplier to convert from primary producer biomass to the organism's biomass. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_yield |
In most branch instructions, whether the branch is taken is based on the state of the condition codes. A branch instruction is typically preceded by a two-operand CMP (compare) or BIT (bit test) or a one-operand TST (test) instruction. Arithmetic and logic instructions also set the condition codes. In contrast to Intel processors in the x86 architecture, MOV instructions set them too, so a branch instruction could be used to branch depending on whether the value moved was zero or negative. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11_architecture |
The high-order byte of the instruction specifies the operation. Bits 9 through 15 are the op-code, and bit 8 is the value of the condition code calculation which results in the branch being taken. The low-order byte is a signed word offset relative to the current location of the program counter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11_architecture |
This allows for forward and reverse branches in code. The limited range of the branch instructions meant that, as code grew, the target addresses of some branches would become unreachable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11_architecture |
The programmer would change the one-word BR to the two-word JMP instruction from the next group. As JMP has no conditional forms, the programmer would change BEQ to a BNE that branched around a JMP. SOB (Subtract One and Branch) is another conditional branch instruction. The specified register is decremented by 1, and if the result is not zero, a reverse branch is taken based on the 6 bit word offset. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11_architecture |
In most breech loading guns it is essential to stop the erosion of the metal of the vent by preventing the escape of gas through it when the gun is fired. For this purpose the charges in such guns are ignited by "vent-sealing tubes." For muzzle loaded guns and small breech loading guns radially vented, especially those using black powder, the amount of erosion in the vent is not so serious. The charge is fired by ordinary friction primers, which are blown away by the escape of gas through the vent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubes_and_primers_for_ammunition |
In all guns axially vented, vent-sealing tubes, which are not blown out, must be employed to protect the gunners from injury. This 'vent sealing' name remained part of British nomenclature, rather than a clearer name of 'primer' or 'firing' tubes, as used elesewhere. The common friction primer is a copper tube, packed with powder, having at the upper end a short branch (called a nib piece) at right angles. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubes_and_primers_for_ammunition |
This branch is filled with friction composition in which a friction bar is embedded. When the friction bar is sharply pulled out, by means of a lanyard, the composition is ignited and sets fire to the powder in the long tube; the flash is conveyed through the vent and ignites the gun charge. For naval purposes, to prevent the sailors from being cut on the face or hurting their feet, tubes of quill instead of copper were used. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubes_and_primers_for_ammunition |
If friction primers are employed when cordite or other smokeless powder charges are used, the erosion of the vent is very rapid unless the escape of the gas is prevented; in this case T-headed tubes are used. They are similar in action to the ordinary type, but are fixed to the vent by the head fitting a bayonet joint formed with the vent. The explosion blows a small ball upwards and blocks the coned hole at the top of the tube and so prevents any rush of gas.To provide a higher rate of fire, the last pull-lanyard friction T tubes in British service were replaced from 1907 in the converted 15pdr with a 'push' T tube, using an impact detonating compound, in a new axial vent.The vent-sealing tube accurately fits into a chamber formed at the end of the vent, and is held in place by the gun lock or some similar means. The force of the explosion expands the tube against the walls of its chamber, while the internal structure of the tube renders it gas-tight, preventing any escape of gas through the vent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubes_and_primers_for_ammunition |
In most browsers, the Document Object Model extension document.compatMode indicates the rendering mode for the current page. In standards mode and almost-standards mode, document.compatMode contains the value "CSS1Compat", while in quirks mode it equals "BackCompat".Additionally, in Mozilla Firefox and Opera the rendering mode in use for a given page is indicated on the 'Page info' informational box. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirks_mode |
In most but not all U.S. telephone areas, the prefix 555 is reserved for special services. In particular, 555-1212 is telephone information in most areas. When telephone numbers are used in television programs and movies, a significant number of viewers dial them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_prefix |
Numbers prefixed 555 are usually used for such fictitious use, as they are not allocated to subscribers. When the song 867-5309/Jenny was released, hundreds of calls were made to various people and organizations in the U.S. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_prefix |
with that number. In the film Bruce Almighty a phone number belonging to a real user was shown, leading to a lawsuit. Prefixes ending in 11 (211, 311, 411, 511, 611, 711, 811 and 911) are disallowed prefixes because they are service codes. The prefix 958 and 959 are for ANAC use and remain unavailable to the general public. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_prefix |
In most cancers reduced levels of nuclear p27 are correlated with increased tumor size, increased tumor grade, and a higher propensity for metastasis. However the mechanisms by which levels of p27 are regulated vary between cancers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDKN1B |
In most cases AIT is characterized by onset of pain, firmness, tenderness, redness or swelling in the anterior aspect of the neck. Patients will also present with a sudden fever, difficulty swallowing and difficulty controlling the voice. Symptoms may be present from 1 to 180 days, with most symptoms lasting an average of about 18 days. The main issue associated with the diagnosis of AIT is differentiating it from other more commonly seen forms of thyroid conditions. Pain, fever and swelling are often much more severe and continue to get worse in people who have AIT compared to those with other thyroid conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_thyroiditis |
In most cases Type 1 pitting can be avoided by good working practices. Always use tubes that have been manufactured to BS EN 1057. Tubes greater than 10 mm in diameter made to this standard will always be marked the number of the standard, the nominal size, wall thickness and temper of the tube, the manufacturer’s identification mark and the date of production at least every 600 mm. Tubes less than 10 mm in diameter will be similarly marked at each end. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_Water_Pitting_of_Copper_Tube |
Once a system has been commissioned it should be either put immediately into service or drained down and dried. If either of these options is not possible then the system should be flushed though regularly until it is put into use. It should not be left to stand for more than a week. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_Water_Pitting_of_Copper_Tube |
At present stagnation is the most common cause of Type 1 pitting. Flux should be used sparingly. A small quantity should be painted over the areas to be joined and any excess removed after the joint has been made. Some fluxes are marked as water-soluble but under some circumstances they are not removed before pitting has initiated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_Water_Pitting_of_Copper_Tube |
In most cases a full recovery can be expected over a few days | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_water_aspiration_syndrome |
In most cases a resolution of 320×240 is sufficient, this is capable of producing a much higher sub-pixel resolution, enough to allow accurate cursor control on a high-resolution monitor. Resolutions 640×480 and above have diminishing returns and correspond to an exponential increase in CPU usage when not sufficiently compressed before reaching the computer. Higher resolutions become more important at greater distances from the camera. The Wii utilizes a low-resolution 128×96 sensor, which is found by some to produce jittery tracking and may require smoothing to improve stability at the cost of decreased responsiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeTrack |
In most cases a special implementation team with the technical expertise to quickly move a change along is used to implement the change. The team should also be implementing the change not only according to the approved plan but also according to organizational standards, industry standards, and quality management standards. The implementation process may also require additional staff responsibilities outside the implementation team, including stakeholders who may be asked to assist with troubleshooting. Following implementation, the team may also carry out a post-implementation review, which would take place at another stakeholder meeting or during project closing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change_control |
In most cases breast cancers are asymptomatic and are detected by routine clinical screening exams. In about 30% of cases a breast mass may be felt. The mass will not fluctuate with the menstrual period. Changes to the overlying skin including dimpling, pinching, orange peel-like texture, or nipple retraction may be seen. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_ductal_carcinoma |
Non-healing ulcers can form in advanced disease, and were more common historically prior to modern medical care.Metastatic lesions from breast cancer may produce symptoms according to that organ system. The most common sites for metastasis are the bone, lung, liver, and brain. Skin metastases most commonly extend to the skin overlying the mass, but may spread to the axilla or more distant areas. Metastasis to adjacent lympatics may produce palpable masses in the axilla or an orange peel-like texture of the skin of the effected breast. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_ductal_carcinoma |
In most cases combinations of factors are responsible for limiting the geographic range edge of species. Abiotic and biotic factors may work together in determining the range of a species. An example might be some obligate seeder plants where the distribution is limited by the presence of wildfires, which are needed to allow their seed bank to germinate, and also use dispersal of their seeds mediated by ants. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_range_limit |
In most cases ground-based deicing is accomplished by spraying the aircraft with an aircraft deicing fluid just prior to departure. For commercial aircraft this fluid is usually applied to contaminated surfaces using a specially designed machine. For smaller aircraft a handheld spray applicator may suffice. Deicing fluids are typically based on propylene glycol or ethylene glycol, which freeze at a lower temperature than water. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_deicing_of_aircraft |
There are several different types of fluid, falling into two basic categories: Deicing fluids remove existing frozen contaminants. These are generally non-viscous, and may be heated. Anti-icing fluids provide short term protection against recontamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_deicing_of_aircraft |
These are generally thickened fluids that remain on control surfaces until the aircraft is accelerating down the runway. They are generally applied cold.In some cases both types of fluid are applied to aircraft, a process known as two-step deicing. Glycol-based deicing fluids are toxic, and environmental concerns in the use of such fluids include increased salinity of groundwater, when de-icing fluids are discharged into soil, and toxicity to humans and other mammals. Thus, research into non-toxic alternative deicing fluids is ongoing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_deicing_of_aircraft |
In most cases handling courses consist of two parts: low and high speed courses, both enable the same types of tests, only at differing speeds. Handling courses may also be categorised either as wet or dry courses according to the availability of the option for track wetting. The alternative routes of the handling courses provide diverse track options for the tests. As the course sections have varying radius of curvature, handling courses are suitable for testing all vehicles types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handling_course |
Several types of specially paved shorter sections may also belong to handling courses depending on the given proving ground. These may be curved, straight or even wavy asphalt track sections, furthermore straight or curving sections with varying sideway slopes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handling_course |
Occasionally even degraded surfaces requiring maintenance are built deliberately in order to increase the number of options; furthermore sections suitable for conducting aquaplaning tests may also be inserted. The option of wetting of the latter sections is usually provided by using nozzles. The safety of testing is ensured b the crash spaces designed around the curves. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handling_course |
In most cases it tends to go away if given rest and more gentle care, for example by use of lubricants. Even without rest or gentle care, in some cases it will simply disappear after a few weeks on its own. Spontaneous recovery can occur anywhere within a couple weeks to several months.Although it is commonly recommended the patient abstain from sexual activity during recovery, there is no evidence that this expedites resolution or that engaging in sexual activity worsens the condition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclerosing_lymphangitis |
In most cases load and resistance are not normally distributed. Therefore, solving the integrals of equations (1) and (2) analytically is impossible. Using Monte Carlo simulation is an approach that could be used in such cases. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_reliability |
In most cases many types of impurities will be present in the resultant doped semiconductor. If an equal number of donors and acceptors are present in the semiconductor, the extra core electrons provided by the former will be used to satisfy the broken bonds due to the latter, so that doping produces no free carriers of either type. This phenomenon is known as compensation, and occurs at the p-n junction in the vast majority of semiconductor devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_(Semiconductors) |
Partial compensation, where donors outnumber acceptors or vice versa, allows device makers to repeatedly reverse (invert) the type of a certain layer under the surface of a bulk semiconductor by diffusing or implanting successively higher doses of dopants, so-called counterdoping. Most modern semiconductor devices are made by successive selective counterdoping steps to create the necessary P and N type areas under the surface of bulk silicon. This is an alternative to successively growing such layers by epitaxy. Although compensation can be used to increase or decrease the number of donors or acceptors, the electron and hole mobility is always decreased by compensation because mobility is affected by the sum of the donor and acceptor ions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_(Semiconductors) |
In most cases mesocrystals form nanoparticles in solution. These nanoparticles aggregate and arrange in crystallographic formation, without any additives. The main causes of this ordering are tensorial polarization forces and dipole fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesocrystal |
In most cases of Naegeli syndrome, a diagnosis is made based on the typical clinical features of this condition. The diagnosis may be confirmed by genetic testing of the KRT14 gene. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naegeli_syndrome |
In most cases of bullous pemphigoid, no clear precipitating factors are identified. Potential precipitating events that have been reported include exposure to ultraviolet light and radiation therapy. Onset of pemphigoid has also been associated with certain drugs, including furosemide, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, DPP-4 inhibitors, captopril, penicillamine, and antibiotics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullous_pemphigoid |
In most cases of interest in chemical thermodynamics there are internal degrees of freedom and processes, such as chemical reactions and phase transitions, which create entropy in the universe unless they are at equilibrium or are maintained at a "running equilibrium" through "quasi-static" changes by being coupled to constraining devices, such as pistons or electrodes, to deliver and receive external work. Even for homogeneous "bulk" systems, the free-energy functions depend on the composition, as do all the extensive thermodynamic potentials, including the internal energy. If the quantities { Ni }, the number of chemical species, are omitted from the formulae, it is impossible to describe compositional changes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_energetics |
In most cases of least squares fitting, the model coefficients for previously added terms change depending on what was successively added. For example, the X1 coefficient might change depending on whether or not an X2 term was included in the model. This is not the case when the design is orthogonal, as is a 23 full factorial design. For orthogonal designs, the estimates for the previously included terms do not change as additional terms are added. This means the ranked list of effect estimates simultaneously serves as the least squares coefficient estimates for progressively more complicated models. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yates_analysis |
In most cases of perianal streptococcal dermatitis in children, swab cultures indicate that infection is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes, more specifically classified as group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GAS). There have been reported cases, however, that have found perianal streptococcal cellulitis infections to be caused by group B beta-hemolytic streptococci (GBS) and, in rare cases, other groups of beta-hemolytic streptococci or Staphylococcus aureus. It is important to note, however, that in the rare adult cases of perianal streptococcal cellulitis that have been identified, the most common cause is by beta-hemolytic streptococci from group B specified as Streptococcus agalactiae.Streptococci are gram-positive bacteria that grow in chains, but they have no motility and do not generate spores. Group A streptococci and Group B streptococci are the two most common strains that are associated with pediatric cases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perineal_dermatitis |
Infections caused by Group A streptococci are generally more mild than infections caused by Group B streptococci. The most common Group A streptococcus infections can range from strep throat to pneumonia to cellulitis. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perineal_dermatitis |
Group B streptococcus is more commonly found in the gastrointestinal and genital tracts, and can also be transmitted vertically from mother to child during vaginal labor. These newborn cases of infection often manifest as sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis, among other presentations.Based on cases studied of children with perianal streptococcal dermatitis, there has been a pattern of perianal infection occurring after being diagnosed with previous streptococcal infections (i.e. "strep throat"). It is believed that bacteria from these infections may be introduced to the skin of the perianal region after touching the nose or mouth and then proceeding to use the toilet or touching the area for any other reason.While perianal streptococcal dermatitis is a treatable condition, there are serious consequences that may arise if left undiagnosed and/or untreated in patients with an infection. Failure to properly diagnose and treat perianal streptococcal dermatitis may lead to more serious infections that could result in injury or death. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perineal_dermatitis |
In most cases of the Arthur–Selberg trace formula, the quotient G(F)\G(A) is not compact, which causes the following (closely related) problems: The representation on L2(G(F)\G(A)) contains not only discrete components, but also continuous components. The kernel is no longer integrable over the diagonal, and the operators R(f) are no longer of trace class.Arthur dealt with these problems by truncating the kernel at cusps in such a way that the truncated kernel is integrable over the diagonal. This truncation process causes many problems; for example, the truncated terms are no longer invariant under conjugation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_trace_formula |
By manipulating the terms further, Arthur was able to produce an invariant trace formula whose terms are invariant. The original Selberg trace formula studied a discrete subgroup Γ of a real Lie group G(R) (usually SL2(R)). In higher rank it is more convenient to replace the Lie group with an adelic group G(A). One reason for this that the discrete group can be taken as the group of points G(F) for F a (global) field, which is easier to work with than discrete subgroups of Lie groups. It also makes Hecke operators easier to work with. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_trace_formula |
In most cases of tinea manuum, only one hand is involved. Frequently both feet are involved concurrently, thus the saying "one hand, two feet". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatophyte |
In most cases persisting after childhood, there is little or no effect on the ability to walk. Due to uneven stress and wear on the knees, however, even milder manifestations can see an accelerated onset of arthritis. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowed_legs |
In most cases requiring emergency hospital admission, the bleeding will resolve spontaneously. If a patient is suspected of having severe blood loss they will most likely be placed on a vital sign monitor and administered oxygen either by nasal cannula or simple face mask. An intravenous catheter will be placed into an easily accessible area and IV fluids will be administered to replace lost blood volume. Endoscopic evaluation with a colonoscopy (and possibly an esophagogastroduodenoscopy to exclude an UGIB) should typically occur within 24 hours of hospital presentation.If the person with LGIB is on low-dose aspirin for prevention of a first heart attack (i.e., the person has never had a heart attack before), stopping the aspirin is recommended. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_gastrointestinal_bleeding |
In contrast, if the person has previously had a heart attack, the aspirin should be continued despite the active LGIB due to the benefits of preventing another heart attack and consequent death outweighing the risk of bleeding. Dual antiplatelet therapy (e.g., use of both aspirin and clopidogrel) should continue if the person with a LGIB underwent stenting of the heart's coronary arteries within the last 30 days or a recent acute coronary syndrome episode (e.g., unstable angina or a myocardial infarction) within 90 days of the LGIB event. Individuals at high risk of another heart attack but not meeting the above criteria should continue their aspirin during the LGIB event but stop the other antiplatelet medication for 1–7 days following cessation of the bleed.Predicting which patients will develop adverse outcomes, complications or severe bleeding can be difficult. One recent study identified poor kidney function (creatinine > 150 μm), age over 60 years, abnormal haemodynamic parameters on presentation (low blood pressure) and persistent bleeding within the first 24 hours as risk factors for worse outcome.Surgical intervention is warranted in cases of LGIB that persist despite attempts to stop the bleeding with endoscopic or interventional radiology interventions. It is most likely that a surgical consult will be ordered if the patient is unable to be stabilized by non-invasive techniques, or if a perforation is found that requires surgery (e.g., subtotal removal of the colon). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_gastrointestinal_bleeding |
In most cases skin lesions do not cause symptoms, however itching, burning, or pain may occur.Frequently reported symptoms include mild fever, muscle pain, joint pain, or an overall feeling of discomfort. Additional symptoms depend on the cause of the vasculitis and if other organ systems are involved. For example, if the vasculitis is a manifestation of Henoch–Schönlein purpura, individuals may also experience abdominal pain or blood in the urine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutaneous_vasculitis |
In most cases surface supplied helmets and full face mask demand valves do not get cold enough to develop ice because the umbilical works as a heat exchanger and warms the air up to the water temperature. If the surface supplied diver bails out to scuba emergency gas supply, then the problems are identical to those for scuba, though the metal gas block and bent tube gas passages before the second stage will provide some warming of inter-stage gas beyond what a scuba set would normally provide. If the surface air temperatures are well below freezing, (below −4 °C (25 °F)) excessive moisture from the volume tank can freeze into ice granules which can then travel down the umbilical and end up in the helmet intake, blocking off air to the demand valve, either as a reduction in flow or a complete blockage if the granules accumulate and form a plug. Ice formation in a surface supplied system can be prevented by use of an effective moisture separation system and regular draining of condensate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulator_freezing |
Desiccating filters can also be used. Use of HP gas for surface supply is not generally a problem as the HP compressors use a filter system that dries the air sufficiently to keep the dew point below −40 °C (−40 °F). Keeping the surface section of the umbilical exposed to the cold air as short as possible will also help. The portion in the water is not normally cold enough to be a problem. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulator_freezing |
In most cases surface supplied helmets and full face mask demand valves do not get cold enough to develop ice because the umbilical works as a heat exchanger and warms the air up to the water temperature. If the surface supplied diver bails out to scuba emergency gas supply, then the problems are identical to those for scuba, though the metal gas block and bent tube gas passages before the second stage will provide some warming of inter-stage gas beyond what a scuba set would normally provide. When scuba diving in water between 7 to 10 °C (45 to 50 °F) the air arriving at the second stage can easily be in the −20 to −10 °C (−4 to 14 °F) range, whereas the surface supplied air will be at nearly the same temperature as the water, which in the worst case would be just below freezing but still warm enough for the divers exhaled breath to keep ice from forming. If the surface air temperatures are well below freezing, (below −4 °C (25 °F)) excessive moisture from the volume tank can freeze into ice granules which can then travel down the umbilical and end up in the helmet intake, blocking off air to the demand valve, either as a reduction in flow or a complete blockage if the granules accumulate and form a plug. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism_of_diving_regulators |
Ice formation in a surface supplied system can be prevented by use of an effective moisture separation system and regular draining of condensate. Desiccating filters can also be used. Use of HP gas for surface supply is not generally a problem as the HP compressors use a filter system that dries the air sufficiently to keep the dew point below −40 °C (−40 °F). Keeping the surface section of the umbilical exposed to the cold air as short as possible will also help. The portion in the water is not normally cold enough to be a problem. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism_of_diving_regulators |
In most cases that begin with a small number of patches of hair loss, hair grows back after a few months to a year. In cases with a greater number of patches, hair can either grow back or progress to alopecia areata totalis or, in rare cases, alopecia areata universalis.No loss of body function occurs, and the effects of alopecia areata are psychological (loss of self-image due to hair loss), although these can be severe. Loss of hair also means the scalp burns more easily in the sun. Patients may also have aberrant nail formation because keratin forms both hair and nails.Hair may grow back and then fall out again later. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_alopecia_areata |
This may not indicate a recurrence of the condition, but rather a natural cycle of growth-and-shedding from a relatively synchronised start; such a pattern will fade over time. Episodes of alopecia areata before puberty predispose to chronic recurrence of the condition.Alopecia can be the cause of psychological stress. Because hair loss can lead to significant changes in appearance, individuals with it may experience social phobia, anxiety, and depression. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_alopecia_areata |
In most cases the barely functioning existing kidneys are not removed, as removal has been shown to increase the rates of surgical morbidity. Therefore, the kidney is usually placed in a location different from the original kidney. Often this is in the iliac fossa so it is often necessary to use a different blood supply: The renal artery of the new kidney, previously branching from the abdominal aorta in the donor, is often connected to the external iliac artery in the recipient. The renal vein of the new kidney, previously draining to the inferior vena cava in the donor, is often connected to the external iliac vein in the recipient.The donor ureter is anastomosed with the recipient bladder. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_transplant |
In some cases a ureteral stent is placed at the time of the anastomosis, with the assumption that it allows for better drainage and healing. However, using a modified Lich-Gregoir technique, Gaetano Ciancio developed a technique which no longer requires ureteral stenting, avoiding many stent related complications.There is disagreement in surgical textbooks regarding which side of the recipient's pelvis to use in receiving the transplant. Campbell's Urology (2002) recommends placing the donor kidney in the recipient's contralateral side (i.e. a left sided kidney would be transplanted in the recipient's right side) to ensure the renal pelvis and ureter are anterior in the event that future surgeries are required. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_transplant |
In an instance where there is doubt over whether there is enough space in the recipient's pelvis for the donor's kidney, the textbook recommends using the right side because the right side has a wider choice of arteries and veins for reconstruction. Glen's Urological Surgery (2004) recommends putting the kidney in the contralateral side in all circumstances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_transplant |
No reason is explicitly put forth; however, one can assume the rationale is similar to that of Campbell, i.e. to ensure that the renal pelvis and ureter are most anterior in the event that future surgical correction becomes necessary. Smith's Urology (2004) states that either side of the recipient's pelvis is acceptable; however the right vessels are 'more horizontal' with respect to each other and therefore easier to use in the anastomoses. It is unclear what is meant by the words 'more horizontal'. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_transplant |
In most cases the differences between the rulesets are negligible. The choice of ruleset rarely results in a difference in score of more than one point, and the strategy and tactics of the game are mostly unaffected by the ruleset used. Differences come from passing moves (if white and black didn't pass the same number of times) and from seki scoring. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superko_rule |
In most cases the fractionation of polymers on a preparative scale is based on chromatographic methods (e.g. preparative SEC or Baker-Williams fractionation). Therefore, the production is normally limited to few grams only. For large scales of several grams up to kg or even tons the “continuous spin fractionation” can be used. F. Francuskiewicz gives an overview about preparative polymer fractionation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_fractionation |
In most cases the mutations in Dravet syndrome are not hereditary and the mutated gene is found for the first time in a single family member. In 70–90% of patients, Dravet syndrome is caused by nonsense mutations in the SCN1A gene resulting in a premature stop codon and thus a non-functional protein. This gene normally codes for neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.1. In mouse models, these loss-of-function mutations have been observed to result in a decrease in sodium currents and impaired excitability of GABAergic interneurons of the hippocampus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravet_syndrome |
The researchers found that loss of Nav1.1 channels was sufficient to cause the epilepsy and premature death seen in Dravet syndrome.The timing of the first signs and symptoms in Dravet syndrome occur about the same time as normal childhood vaccinations, leading some to believe the vaccine was the cause. However, this is likely a non-specific response to fever, as vaccination often induces fever, and fever is known to be associated with seizures in persons with Dravet syndrome. Some of the patients who put forth vaccine injury claims from encephalopathy were later found, upon testing, to actually have Dravet syndrome. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravet_syndrome |
In most cases the need for buddy-breathing or other gas related emergency is avoidable. The equipment is highly reliable when in good condition, and though occasionally breakdowns will occur without warning, in most cases user inspection and testing before the dive, combined with a reasonable planned maintenance schedule carried out by a competent person will pick up potential problems before they escalate to an emergency. Realistic gas planning and monitoring of the remaining gas supply in context of the time required to surface safely will prevent almost all out-of gas emergencies. Carrying a fully redundant emergency gas supply allows the diver to bail out independently of outside assistance if in spite of all precautions, an emergency does occur. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_breathing |
In most cases the oxidative addition is the rate determining step of the catalytic cycle. During this step, the palladium catalyst is oxidized from palladium(0) to palladium(II). The catalytically active palladium species A is coupled with the aryl halide substrate 1 to yield an organopalladium complex B. As seen in the diagram below, the oxidative addition step breaks the carbon-halogen bond where the palladium is now bound to both the halogen (X) as well as the R1 group. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzuki_coupling |
Oxidative addition proceeds with retention of stereochemistry with vinyl halides, while giving inversion of stereochemistry with allylic and benzylic halides. The oxidative addition initially forms the cis–palladium complex, which rapidly isomerizes to the trans-complex. The Suzuki Coupling occurs with retention of configuration on the double bonds for both the organoboron reagent or the halide. However, the configuration of that double bond, cis or trans is determined by the cis-to-trans isomerization of the palladium complex in the oxidative addition step where the trans palladium complex is the predominant form. When the organoboron is attached to a double bond and it is coupled to an alkenyl halide the product is a diene as shown below. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzuki_coupling |
In most cases the removal of a PICC is a simple procedure. Generally, the catheter line can be safely and quickly removed by a trained nurse, even in the patient's own home, in a matter of minutes. After removal, the insertion site is normally bandaged with sterile gauze and kept dry for a few days, during which the wound can close and begin healing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripherally_inserted_central_catheter |
Usually, a smaller adhesive bandage can be placed over the wound site after the gauze is removed if the wound is slow to heal. The tip of the catheter is sent for microscopy culture and sensitivity (MCS) if the patient is systemically unwell at the time of removal of the PICC. In certain units, it is sent as routine investigation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripherally_inserted_central_catheter |
In most cases the same mechanisms must be applied as in the positioning of an image or text content. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_retrieval |
In most cases the service provider of the co-pay card program holds a reimbursement account for the pharmaceutical marketing client, which is used to remit to pharmacies the cost reductions through co-pay card programs. The co-pay service provider remits to pharmacies every 14 to 28 days and deducts these remittances via this account. Some providers have attempted a variation on the original co-pay card by going to a magnetic strip swipe process, by which the card runs through both the pharmacy software and financial software (e.g. Visa/MasterCard and Debit networks). Debit cards are another reimbursement method for co-pay in pharmacies because they offer real-time reimbursement of co-pay claims. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-pay_card |
However, with new prompt-pay regulations for adjudicators, required for Medicare Part D and implemented by most PBMs, few pharmacies wait more than one week for reimbursement. Pharmacies used to prefer real-time Debit payments because they didn't require the pharmacies to carry the "float" of the 14 to 28 days payment cycles. This is no longer true. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-pay_card |
In most cases the solids discharge capacity/hydraulic capacity is not the limiting factor. The usual limitation is the filtration rate. Therefore, more solids can be processed by increasing the feed slurry concentration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusher_centrifuge |
In most cases the transaction price to be paid will be stipulated in the contract and quite easy to calculate; however certain circumstances require that a transaction price should be estimated by other methods. Firstly, an entity has to measure the amount of non-cash consideration in a contract in terms of IFRS 13: fair value measurement. Secondly, a contract can have variable consideration (for example, the transaction price is subject to settlement discount should the client pay within a certain time frame). In this case, the transaction price can be calculated by two methods: The most likely amount: the amount that of considerations that has the highest probability of realizing will be measured as the transaction price, or Expected value approach; in this case the weighed average of possible amounts will be measured as the transaction price.Both of the above-mentioned are estimates, and should the estimates change, the entity will apply the change prospectively in terms of the criteria of IAS 8. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFRS_15 |
Lastly IFRS 15 requires that the entity should test for the existence of a “significant financing component” in the contract, this will occur if: “the timing of payments agreed by the parties to the contract provides the customer or the entity with a significant benefit of financing the transfer of goods or services to the customer”If the above-mentioned is applicable, the transaction price will be adjusted to eliminate the effect of this benefit. This is simply done by calculating the net present value of the payments (if the satisfaction of performance obligations is prior to the payment date), or by calculating the net future value (if the payment date is prior to the satisfaction of performance obligations). The difference (between the amount recognized after adjustment for a significant financing component and amount of consideration to be received) is simply recognized as interest income/ expense in terms of the accrual basis of accounting as mentioned in IAS 1. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFRS_15 |
In most cases the use of Medical Nutrition is recommended within international and professional guidelines. It can be an integral part of managing acute and short-term diseases. It can also play a major role in supporting patients for extended periods of time and even for a lifetime in some special cases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_nutrition_therapy |
Medical Nutrition is not meant to replace the treatment of disease but rather complement the normal use of drug therapies prescribed by physicians and other licensed healthcare providers.Unlike Medical Foods which are defined by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration, within their Medical Foods Guidance Documents & Regulatory Information guide in section 5(b) of the Orphan Drug Act (21 U.S.C. 30ee (b) (3)); as "a food which is formulated to be consumed or administered enterally under the supervision of a physician and which is intended for the specific dietary management of a disease or condition for which distinctive nutritional requirements, based on recognized scientific principles, are established by medical evaluation," | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_nutrition_therapy |
In most cases there are few if any ways to obtain exact mortality rates, so epidemiologists use estimation to predict correct mortality rates. Mortality rates are usually difficult to predict due to language barriers, health infrastructure related issues, conflict, and other reasons. Maternal mortality has additional challenges, especially as they pertain to stillbirths, abortions, and multiple births. In some countries, during the 1920s, a stillbirth was defined as "a birth of at least twenty weeks' gestation in which the child shows no evidence of life after complete birth". In most countries, however, a stillbirth was defined as "the birth of a fetus, after 28 weeks of pregnancy, in which pulmonary respiration does not occur". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortality_rate |
In most cases this decay mode is masked by other, more probable modes involving fewer particles, such as single electron capture. When all other modes are “forbidden” (strongly suppressed) double electron capture becomes the main mode of decay. There exist 34 naturally occurring nuclei that are believed to undergo double electron capture, but the process has been confirmed by observation in the decay of only three nuclides: 7836Kr, 13056Ba, and 12454Xe.One reason is that the probability of double electron capture is stupendously small; the half-lives for this mode lie well above 1020 years. A second reason is that the only detectable particles created in this process are X-rays and Auger electrons that are emitted by the excited atomic shell. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_electron_capture |
In the range of their energies (~1–10 keV), the background is usually high. Thus, the experimental detection of double electron capture is more difficult than that for double beta decay. Double electron capture can be accompanied by the excitation of the daughter nucleus. Its de-excitation, in turn, is accompanied by an emission of photons with energies of hundreds of keV. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_electron_capture |
In most cases this is a reflective surface which may be either aluminized (for high contrast in moderate ambient light) or a white surface with small glass beads (for high brilliance under dark conditions). A switchable projection screen can be switched between opaque and clear by a safe voltage under 36V AC and is viewable from both sides. In a commercial theater, the screen also has millions of very small, evenly spaced holes in order to allow the passage of sound from the speakers and subwoofer which often are directly behind it. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_reel |
In most cases this single-domain protein is arranged to form an overall fold that consists of a four-layered alpha-beta-beta-alpha core structure. The two antiparallel beta-sheets pack against each other and are covered by alpha-helices on one face of the molecule. The protein is structurally similar to members of the N-terminal nucleophile (NTN) hydrolase superfamily. A deep pocket was in fact found on the surface of IMP cyclohydrolase in a position equivalent to that of active sites of NTN-hydrolases, but an N-terminal nucleophile could not be found. Therefore, it is thought that this enzyme is structurally but not functionally similar to members of the NTN-hydrolase family.As of late 2007, 14 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1G8M, 1M9N, 1OZ0, 1P4R, 1PKX, 1PL0, 1THZ, 2B1G, 2B1I, 2IU0, 2IU3, 2NTK, 2NTL, and 2NTM. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMP_cyclohydrolase |
In most cases when using an electro-mechanical actuator, it is preferred to have some type of speed control. Such controllers vary the voltage supplied to the motor, which in turn changes the speed at which the lead screw turns. Adjusting the gear ratio is another way to adjust speed. Some actuators are available with several different gearing options. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cam_actuator |
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